mla presentation spring 12
TRANSCRIPT
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MLA Documentation Style
Adapted from:
Writing Resources Centerhttp://wrc.uncc.edu/
http://wrc.uncc.edu/http://wrc.uncc.edu/ -
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Integrating Sources &
Avoiding Plagiarism
Writers need to understand current definitions of
plagiarism, which have changed over time, and which
differ from culture to culture.
Adapted from:
Lunsford, Andrea. The Everyday Writer. 3rd ed. Boston, MA:
Bedford/St. Martins, 2004. Print.
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What is Plagiarism?
In an instructional setting, plagiarism occurs when a
writer deliberately uses someone elses language, ideas, or
other original (not common-knowledge) material without
acknowledging its source.
This definition applies to texts published in print or
online, to manuscripts, and to the work of other students.
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Plagiarism Is a Cultural Concept
Many cultures do not recognize Western notions ofplagiarism, which rest on the belief that language andideas can be owned by writers.
In many countries other than the U.S., using the wordsand ideas of others without attribution is considered a signof respect as well as an indication of knowledge.
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What is NOT Plagiarism?
Most current discussions of plagiarism fail to distinguish
betweenplagiarismand misuse of sources.
A student who attempts (even if clumsily) to identify andcredit his or her source, but who misuses a specific
citation format or incorrectly uses quotation marks or
other forms of identifying material taken from other
sources, has not plagiarized. Instead, the student has
failed to cite and document sources appropriately.
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Materials That Require
Acknowledgement
Quotations, paraphrases, summaries
Facts not widely known or claims that are arguable
Help provided by others
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Quoting, Paraphrasing, and
Summarizing Quoting: You present the ideas and the wording of
a source, unchanged from the original (placedwithin quotation marks and cited)
Paraphrasing: You present the ideas of a source
unchanged, but you express them in your ownwriting style (doesnt need quotation marks, butstill should be cited)
Summarizing: You present the important ideas of a
source in briefer form and in your own writingstyle (doesnt need quotation marks, but stillshould be cited)
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Materials That Do NOT Require
Acknowledgement
In academic writing in the U.S., you should credit all
materials except:
Common knowledge
Ideas available in a wide variety of sources
Your own findings from primary or field research
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Understand Reasons to Credit Sources
Show that you are a knowledgeable and credibleresearcher.
Demonstrate fairnessthat you have considered multiplepoints of view.
Provide background for your research by placing it in thecontext of the work of others.
Help readers follow your thoughts and understand howyour ideas relate to those of others.
Point readers where to go to find more information onyour subject.
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IN-TEXT
CITATIONS
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Writing Resources Center 11
Sample In-text Citations
Basic Format for an in-text citation:
(Authors last name page number).
After a Direct Quotation:
In the debate over toothpaste brands, Nine out of ten
doctors choose Crest (Mills 106).
After a Paraphrase:
In arguments regarding brands of toothpaste, a majority
of doctors picked Crest (Mills 106).
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Sample In-Text Citations
When using sources in your paper, you may refer
to the author in the beginning of the sentence
setting up a quote, paraphrase or summary. In this
case you only need to cite the page number:
In the debate over toothpaste brands, Mills says
Nine out of ten doctors choose Crest (106).
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Writing Resources Center 13
Sample In-text Citations
Quotations more than 4 lines are indented 1 inchwith no quotation marks and double-spaced. Thepunctuation comes before the citation.
A recent study found the following:The placebo effect, which had been verified inprevious studies, disappeared when behaviors werestudied in this manner. Furthermore, the behaviors
were never exhibited again, even when real drugs
were administered. Earlier studies were clearlypremature in attributing the results to a placeboeffect. (Miele 276)
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Writing Resources Center 14
In-text Citations: Special Cases
If the source has no known author, then use an
abbreviated version of the title
Full title: California Cigarette Tax Deters SmokersCitation: (California 56)
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Internet Sources
Direct Quotations: Use the original sources languageverbatim (word for word) and include quotation marks as well
as an in-text citation.
Print source:
A traffic ticket is a public document because it is: (a) a document issued by apublic employee during the conduct of public business, (b) a record stored in agovernment database, and (c) an exhibit in a legal proceeding (Harrington 7).
Internet source:
A traffic ticket is a public document because it is: (a) a document issued by a
public employee during the conduct of public business, (b) a record stored in agovernment database, and (c) an exhibit in a legal proceeding (Harringtonpar. 3).
Note that a page or paragraph number appears in the citation.
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QUOTING,PARAPHRASING,
ANDSUMMARIZING
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Proportion: Using Quotations Sparingly
Novice writers may be tempted to over-quote. Over-quoting tends to weaken an argument:
The essay will tend to ramble and consequently will lack focus
The author may inadvertently reveal a very unpersuasive lack of
self-confidence
Quote only those parts of others writing that relate to yourclaim.
Quote only when necessary for establishing authority,making a clarification, providing context, pinpointing a
controversy, creating a dramatic effect, or showcasingeloquence.
Use paraphrasing and summarizing whenever possible.
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Avoiding Misuse of Sources
Frequently, students unintentionally misuse sources when
they attempt toparaphrase: to rephrase someone elses
ideas into your own words and sentence patterns.
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Paraphrasing
Samples to Review:
Original Sentence: The number of studentsentering UNC Charlotte has grown during the last
30 years. Author John White Page: 33
Paraphrased Sentence in MLA citation style:
Over the past three decades, UNC Charlotteexperienced increased student enrollment (White33).
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Paraphrasing
The rise of industry, the growth of cities, and the expansion of the
population were the three great developments of late nineteenth century
American history. As new, larger, steam-powered factories became a
feature of the American landscape in the East, they transformed farm
hands into industrial laborers, and provided jobs for a rising tide ofimmigrants. With industry came urbanization, the growth of large cities
(like Fall River, Massachusetts, where the Bordens lived), which became
the centers of production as well as of commerce and trade.
Williams, Joyce G., Eric Smithburn, and M. Jeanne Peterson, eds. Lizzie
Borden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s. Bloomington,
IN: TIS Publications, 1980. Print.
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An Unacceptable Paraphrase Is
Too Close to the Original
The increase of industry, the growth of cities, and the explosion of the
population were three large factors of nineteenth century America. As
steam-driven companies became more visible in the eastern part of the
country, they changed farm hands into factory workers and provided jobs
for the large wave of immigrants. With industry came the growth of large
cities like Fall River where the Bordens lived, which turned into centers of
commerce and tradeas well as production.
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Acceptable Paraphrase
According to Williams, Smithburn, and Peterson, Fall River, where the
Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the
Nineteenth century. Steam-powered production had shifted labor from
agriculture to manufacturing, and as immigrants arrived in the U.S., they
found work in these new factories. As a result, populations grew, and largeurban areas arose. Fall River was one of these manufacturing and
commercial centers (200).
Williams, Joyce G., Eric Smithburn, and M. Jeanne Peterson, eds. LizzieBorden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s. Bloomington,IN: TIS Publications, 1980. Print.
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What Makes a Good Paraphrase?
Uses your own words and sentence patterns
Demonstrates your inferential thought processes
Rather than being merely a faithful reproduction of the
ideas in source text, an effective paraphrase is one that
expresses your perspective.
Includes a citation.
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Acceptable Paraphrase with Quotation
According to Williams, Smithburn, and Peterson, Fall River, where the
Borden family lived, was typical of northeastern industrial cities of the
nineteenth century. As labor shifted from agriculture to manufacturing, the
demand for workers transformed farm hands into factory workers, and
created jobs for immigrants. In turn, growing populations increased thesize of urban areas. Fall River was one of these manufacturing hubs that
were also centers of commerce and trade (200).
Williams, Joyce G., Eric Smithburn, and M. Jeanne Peterson, eds. LizzieBorden: A Case Book of Family and Crime in the 1890s. Bloomington,IN: TIS Publications, 1980. Print.
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Paraphrasing Accurately
Include all main points, in the order of the original.
State the authors meaning in your own words and sentence
structures.
If you use language from the original, enclose in quotation
marks.
Include an in-text citation.
Provide a complete citation in your Works Cited.
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INCORPORATINGOUTSIDE
MATERIAL
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Incorporating Outside Material
When incorporating outside material, the Framing
techniquecan situate outside material into your
text clearly:
Introduce the material. Give the quote or paraphrase.
Explain (or respond to) the material and how itrelates to, or proves, the point you are making.
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Paraphrasing
Incorporating paraphrasing into your paragraphs: Paraphrased sentence: Over the past three decades, UNC
Charlotte experienced increased student enrollment (Smith33).
Your paragraph:
Because I am new to the area, I decided to learn aboutUNC Charlottes past. I interviewed John Smith, aCharlotte historian about the schools history. Through this
interview, I found out that over the past three decades,UNC Charlotte experienced increased student enrollment(Smith 33). This news was interesting because I did notknow that our school grew so much over the past 30 years.
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Paraphrasing Practice
Synopsis: You are writing a paper for English
arguing that everyone on campus should get a flushot. Below is a direct quote from one of MissEakers students from your interview.
Original Material: Miss Eakers class was
canceled last Friday because she came down withthe flu.
Student: Jennifer Pooler
1) Paraphrase Sentence2) Use the Framing Technique to incorporate your
paraphrase into a paragraph.
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MLA Documentation Resources
UNCC Writing Resources Center (WRC)
Purdue U. Online Writing Lab (OWL)
UNCC Atkins Library
http://www.uncc.edu/writing/link.htmlhttp://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/http://library.uncc.edu/display/?dept=reference&format=open&page=1125http://library.uncc.edu/display/?dept=reference&format=open&page=1125http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/http://www.uncc.edu/writing/link.html -
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Writing Resources Center (WRC)
Locations:
220 Fretwell
109 Atkins Library
Phone:
704-687-HELP (4357)
E-mail:
Web:http://wrc.uncc.edu/
Appointments:
http://rich65.com/uncc/
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mailto:[email protected]://wrc.uncc.edu/http://rich65.com/uncc/http://rich65.com/uncc/http://wrc.uncc.edu/mailto:[email protected]