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Ml)C Ll)C
Loi n6i dau
Loi earn on
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Phlln 1. CONG NGH~ sAN XUAT MI cHiNH
Clll({fllg 1 : T6ng quaD ve IDtehinh
I. Khai quat v~ ml chfnh
1.1. Khai ni~m
1.2.Vai tro cua ml chfnh va L-AG
1.2.1. Vai tro cua L-AG
1.2.2. Vai tro cua ml chfnh
1.2.3. Mi chfnh la gia vi an toaD
II. Tfnh chat cua ml chfnh
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11.1.Tfnh chat ly h9C
11.2.Tfnh chat boa h9C
11.2.1. Phan lIng mat nuac
11.2.2. Phan lIng philo buy a nhi~t de:>cao
11.2.3. Tac d",ng cua pH
11.2.4. Tac d",ng cua cac yeu to khac
11.2.4.1. Tac d",ng cua axit vo co
11.2.4.2. Tfnh ho~t quang
III. Lich sir ml chfnh
IV. Tlnh hlnh san xuat ml chfnh teen tM giai va a Vi~t Nam
Cltl({fllg 2: Cae phuong phap san xuat IDtehinh
I. Cac phuong philp san xuat ml chfnh
1.1. Phuong philp t6ng hgp hoil h9C
1.2. Phuong philp thuy philo protit
1.3. Phuqng phap len men
1.4. Phuong philp ket hgp
II. Nguyen li~u san xuat ml chfnh
11.1.Nguyen li~u dung cho phuong phap thuy philn
11.2.Nguyen li~u dung cho phuong phap len men
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11.2.1. Tinh b(>tsan
II.2.1.1. Thanh pMn va du t<;tocua tinh b(>tsan
II.2.1.2. Thu nh~n glucoza tit tinh b(>tsan
II.2.2. Ri duang mla
II.2.2.1. Thanh pMn ri duang mla
II.2.2.2. Thanh pMn cac chat sinh twang
II.2.2.3. Vi sinh v~t trang ri duang mla
II.2.2.4. Ll!c d~m cua riduang mla
11.2.2.5. M(>ts6 phuang phap xu I;' ri duang mla
II.2.3. Nguyen li~u khac
Clll({fllg/II ..San xuat 011chinh Mng plmong phap thuy pIlau
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I. Phuang phap trao d6i ion
II. Phuang phap mu6i hydric axil glutamic
11.1.Gi.'\i thfch cac di6u ki~n ky thu~t trang quy trlnh
II.1.I. Xu I;' cac nguyen li~u
II.I.I.I. Che bien keo pratit cua d~u
II. 1.1.2. CM bien keo pratit cua b(>tml
II.I.2. Che bien nguyen li~u
II. 1.2. 1. Thuy pMn
II. 1.3. L9C
11.1.4. Co d~c
11.1.5. Lam l<;tnh- ket tinh
II.1.6. Hut 19C
11.1.7. Tiiy rua
11.1.8. Trung boa 1
II.1.9. Trung boa 2 v.akhu t<;tpchat11.1.10. Tinh che
II.I.II. Lam l<;tnhket tinh
II. 1.12. ~y tam - rua
II.1.13. Say kho
II. 1.14. Nghi6n va ray
ILl .15. Dong goi - baa quail
III. Phuang phap di~m d!ng di~n
IlL 1. Nguyen I;' chung
IIL2. Quy trlnh san xuat
III.2.I. Ph6i li~u va thuy pMn
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III.2.2. Lam ngu<)i
111.2.3.Trung boa 1
1II.2A. LQc
111.2.5.Trung boa 2
III.2.6. Co d~c
111.2.7.Lam ngu<)i
111.2.8. LQc
III.2.9. Gia nhi~t axil boa
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III.2.lO. Ep IQc
IV. Phuong phap sinh tbng hQ'paxil amin ho~c phuong phap len men thl!c te
IV .1. Tach chung tu tl! nhien
IV.2. Dinh tint va dint luQ'ngt~o thanh
IV .2. 1.Phuong phap vi sinh v~t
IV.2.2.Dung khoanh giay nho
IV.2.3. Phuong phap do dC)dlJc
IV.2A. Dung phuong phap sac ky long ho~c di~n di
IV.3. Ket qua nghien Ct1utren the giai
IVA. Nghien cuu sinh Iy cac chung ho~t dC)ng
IV A.1. Nguon cacbon
IVA.2. Nguon nitrogen
IVA.3. Cac chat sinh truang
IVAA. Cac muoi khoang
IVA.5. Nhi~t dC)nuoi cay
IVA.6. pH moi truang
IVA.7. Anh huang cua penicilin va cac chat wong tl!
IVA.8. LuQ'ng oxy boa tan
IVA.9. Anh huang cua dau pha bQt
V. Quy trlnh san xuat ax it glutamic t~i hai Nha may Tham Duong- ThuQ'ng Hai,Trung QL:OC
V.I. Giong vi khwln va each giG'giong
V.2. Nhan giong cap 1
V.3. Nhan giong cap 2
VA. Nhan giong cap 3
V.5. Len men cong nghi~p
V.6. Co d4C
V.7. Ket tint axil glutamic va ehe t~oml ehinh
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Clll(O'ng 4.. Nghien cnll hoim chinh san xmlt mt chinh theo phuO'ngpllap leu men
I. Qua trinh len men L-AG
1.1. cac vi sinh v~t co kha nang sinh L-AG 67
1.1.1. cac vi sinh v~t co ngu6n goc tl! nhien
1.1.2. cac vi sinh v~t dqt bien
1.2. cac yell to iinh huang den sl! htnh thanh L-AG
1.2.1. Ngu6n cacbon
1.2.2. Ngu6n nita
1.2.3. Ngu6n muoi VOC(jkhac
1.2.4. Ngu6n cac chat dieu boa sinh truang
1.2.5. Ngu6n cac chat khac
1.2.6. Anh huang cua pH
1.2.7. Anh huang cua nhi~t dq
1.2.8. Anh huang cua h~ thong gio va khuay
1.2.9. Anh huang cua vi~c cling cap di~n tv
1.2.10. Anh huang cua thl!c khu~n th~
1.3. cac yell to dieu boa qua trinh leu men1.3.1. Biotin
1.3.1.1. SI! hap thl;lbiotin cua te baa
1.3.1.2. Tac dl;lng cua biotin
1.3.1.3. Biotin va con quang trao d6i glucoza
1.3.1.4. Biotin va chu trinh glyoxylat
1.3.1.5. cac chat thay the biotin
1.3.2. cac chat khang biotin
1.3.2.1. Penicilin G (PO)
1.3.2.2. cac chat co lac dl;lng tuong tl! PO
1.3.3. Dieu chinh khii nang ban tham cua te baa
I.3.3 .1. S~rgiiii ph6ng axit amin tl! do nqi baa
1.3.3.2:Bien tinh te baa dan den khii nang sinh L-AG
1.3.3.3. SI! thay d6i lipit a mang te baa
1.4. Co sa khoa h<;>ccua Sl!hlnh thanh L-AG
1.4.1. Tit duang glucoza1.4.2. Tit axetat
1.4.3. Tit benzoat
1.4.4. Tit n-alkan
1.4.4.1.Tit n-dodecan
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1.4.4.2.TiT11-tetradecan
1.5. Co che ti;loaxil glutamic cua chung Micrococcus glutamicus
1.5.1. TiTnguon cacbon la sacarit theo chu ky Embden- Mayerhaf
1.5.2. cac san pham cua qua trinh len men L-AG
1.5.2.1.San ph<1mchfnh ;
1.5.2.2. San ph<1mph~
1.5.2.2.1. Axit lactic
1.5.2.2.2.Axit sucxinic
1.5.2.2.3. Axit a- xetoglutaric
1.5.2.2.4. Glutamin va san ph<1mkhac
1.5.2.3. SI!ch~ch huang ti;losan ph<1mchfnh
1.6. cac phuong phap v~n hanh quy trlnh len men L-AG
1.6.1. Phuong phap len men
1.6.1.1. Phuong phap len men gian doi;ln
1.6.1.2. Phuong phap len men lien t~c
1.6.2. Len men trong moi truang ngheo biotin khong b6 sung co chat
1.6.3. Len men duai dieu ki~n ngheo amoniac
1.6.4. Len men trong moi truang giau biotin
1.6.4.1. Ky thu~t dieu khi~n sinh khoi trong moi truang giau biotin
1.6.4.2. Ky thu~t len men b6 sung co chat
1.6.4.3. Len men b6 sung co chat trong moi truang giau biotin
1.6.5. Ky thu~t len men b6 sung COchat trong moi truang ngheo biotin
1.7. Phuong phap nang caD hi~u suat len men L-AG
1.8.M<)tso hi~n tuqng bat thuang trong len men axit glutamic va bi~n phap xu ly .
1.8.1. Thai ky tiem phat keD dai
1.8.1.1. Giong qua gia
1.8.1.2. Thanh trung moi truang khong tot
1.8.2. Qua trinh len men ch~m chi;lPdo moi truang chua nhieu s~t
1.8.3. Sv d~ng ure khong dung muc1.8.3.1. Du ure ban dau
1.8.3.2 Thieu ure ban dau
1.8.4. Moi truang thieu biotin
1.8.5. pH ban dau thap
1.8.6. Thieu oxy hoa tan
1.8.7. Nhieu dau pha b<;>t
1.8.8. Giong chet ho~c kern phat tri~n
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1.8.9. T<;lptrung trong len men axil glutamic va bi~n phap pbOng chong
1.8.9.1. D~c di~m mQt so t<;lPkhuftn1.8.9. 1.LVi khuftn sinh bao tu
1.8.9.1.2. Thl!c khuan th~ (Bacterophage hay phage)
1.8.9.2.MQt so bi~n phap pbOng, chong nhiem trung
1.8.9.2.1. Bi~n phap thiet bi
1.8.9.2.2.Phuong phap rang ngh~
1.8.9.2.3. Su d~ng boa chat 110
1.8.10. cac yell to imh huang toi tar d~ng cua boa chat
1.8.10.1. Nong dQ
1.8.10.2. Thai di~m b6 sung boa chat
1.9. Dieu ki~n khu trung moi truang
1.10. Hi~n tuCJngnhiem thl!c khuftn th~ on boa
1.10.1. Giang nhiem thl!c khuftn th~ on bOa
1.10.2. Phuong phap phong ngua va xu ly dich men nhiem thl!c khuan th~ on boa
1.10.2.1. Xu ly l<;limoi truang va tier giong moi
II. Day chuyen rang ngh~ san xuat mt chinh theo phuong phap len men
11.1. Sa do day chuyen
11.2.Thuyet minh day chuyen
11.2.1. Cong do<;lnthuy phan
11.2.1.1. Phuong phap thuy phan bang enzim
11.2.1.2. Phuong phap thuy phan bang H2SO4
11.2.1.3. Phuong phap thuy phan bang HCl
11.2.2. Trung boa
II.2.3. Ep lQc
II.2.4. Cong do<;lnlen men
II.2.4.1. Giang - chung
II.2.4.2. Moi truang
II.2.4.3. Bao quan giong11.2.4.4. Thuan boa
II.2.4.5. Len men
II.2.4.6. Len men cap II
11.2.4.7. Xu ly lire va dati pha bQt
II.2.4.8. Xu ly khOng khiII.2.4.9. Un men l6'n
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11.2.5.Cong do~n trao d6i ion 177
11.2.5.1.Pha eM dieh men 178
11.2.5.2.Xu ly h~tnhlJaresin 17811.2.5.3.Trao d6i ion 179
11.2.5.4. Sa do thiet bi trao d6i ion 186
11.2.6.Tach axil glutamic 187
11.2.7.Axit boa axil glutamic 188
11.2.8.Lam l~nh ket tinh 188
11.2.9.Cong do~n trung bOaket tinh 188
11.2.9.1.Trung bOa1 .. 189
11.2.9.2.Trung boa 2 189
11.2.10.Co d~e ket tinh 190
11.2.11.Say ml ehinh 191
11.2.12.Sang ml ehinh 192
11.2.13.Bao g6i 192
III. Sa do qua trlnh SilOxuat ml ehinh (Phl;lll;le) 192
Ph/in II ..CONG NGHt SANXUAT MOT s6 SANPHAM LEN MEN CO TRUYEN
Lei giai thi~uMa dati
Ch[(O'l1g5: Cong ngh~ san xmlt eae san ph~m len men tir thiiy san
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1. Cong ngh~ san xuat nuae mAm
1.1. Dnh hlnh nghien etru va san xuat nuae mAm
1.2. Nguyen li~u san xuat nuae mAm
1.3. Cong ngh~ san xuat nuae mAm
1.3.1. Cong ngh~ san xU<ltnuae mAm dai ngay
1.3.2. Cong ngh~ san xuat vimg cat Hai (Hai Phong)
1.3.3. Phuong phap gai, Den eua mien Trung
1.3.4.Ph lOng phap san xuat nuae mAm a PM Quae
1.3.5. Cong ngh~ san xuat nuae mAm ngAn ngay
1.4. Thanh philo h6a h<;>eeua nuae mAm
1.4.1. Thanh phan axit amiD1.4.2. cae vitamin
1.4.3. Hgp chat vo CO
1.4.4. Thanh phan nita
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II. C6ng ngh~ san xuat m<)tso san ph~m leu men tit thuy san lIen the giaiILL Balao Balao
11.2.Burong bangus
11.3.Burong isda
11.4. Itoi malangpu
11.5. Ika Shiokara
11.6.Kung cham
11.7.Kusaya
11.8.Pia chao
11.9.Pia cham
11.10. Pia paeng Daeng11.11. Pia Ra
11.12. Plasom
11.13. Saeoojeot
11.14. Sam Fug
11.15. Tai Pia
11.16. Nvac m~m va cae san ph~m tucmg tl!
11.16.1. BagoongII. 16.2.Belaean
II. 16.3.Budu
11.16.4. Nam Pia
11.16.5. Patis
11.16.6. Shotsuru
11.16.7. M~m oem Vi~t Nam
11.16.8. M~m ca tho Vi~t Nam
Clll((/l1g6 ..Cong ngh~ sitUxuat cae san phftm fir th~tva sua
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I. C6ng ngM san xuat cae san ph~m leu men tit thit
1.1. C6ng ngh~ san xuat oem ehua
1.2. M<)tso,c6ng ngh~ san xuat san ph~m thit 1en men a cae nvae Chau A
1.2.1. Longanisa1.2.2. Nham
1.2.3. Salami
1.2.4. Tapa
1.2.5. Toeino
1.2.6. Nem ehua Vi~t Nam
II. C6ng ngh~ san xuat cae san ph~m leu men tit sua
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11.1.Phomat va cae san phAlli wang tl!11.1.1. Phomat Camembert
11.1.2. Phomat Chedar
11.1.3. Phomat Cottage
11.1.4. Phomat Cottage (Philippin)11.1.5. Gouda
11.1.6. Kesong Puti
11.1.7. Kesong puti 211.1.8. Mozzarella
11.1.9. Romano
11.1.10. Phomat Thl,lYS9
11.2. Sua chua va nhG'ng san ph<1mwang tl!11.2.1. Curd
11.2.2. Dadhi
11.2.3. Yoghurt
CIIl(O'/lg7 ..Cong ngh~ san xmlt cae san philm len men tit d~u nflUh va h~t ngfi coc
I. Thanh phan hoa hQc cua h<;ttd~u nanh
II. C6ng ngh~ ten men h<;ttd~u nanh
11.1. San xwit d~u phl,l11.2. San xuat chao
11.2.1. C6ng ngh~ san xuat chao
11.2.2. Quy trlnh san xuat chao banh
11.2.3. Giai thfch guy trlnh e6ng ngh~
11.2.4. Chao (Vi~t Nam)
11.3. San xuat nude cham
11.3.1. Vi sinh v~t trong san xuat nude cham
11.3.2. C6ng ngh~ san xuat
11.3.3. Tane Koji
III. C6ng ngh~ san xuat wang
111.1.Nguyt~n li~u san xuat wong
111.1.1. l\guyen li~u giau gluxit111.1.2.Mu6i
111.1.3.Nude
111.2.Vi sinh v~t dung trong san xuat wong
111.3.Ky thu~t silOxuat wong thu c6ng
IlIA. K9 thu~t san xuat wang c6ng nghi~p
IIIA.1. cae giai do<;tnsan xuat
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III.4.2. Gia tri dinh du6'ng eua wang
III.5. MQt s6 san pham wang cd truyen
III.5.1. M6e wang (Vi~t Nam )
III.5.2. Tuang bac (Vi~t Nam)
III.5.3. Tuang nam (Vi~t Nam)
III.5A. Tuang d~e (Vi~t Nam)
IV. MQt s6 eong ngh~ 1en men cae san pham truyen th6ng ChIlli AIV.1. MISO va cae san pham wang tl!
IV .1.1.Rishiho Miso
IV.1.2.Kome Ama Miso
IV.1.3.Kome Kara Miso
IV. 1A.Mame miso
IV.1.5.Miso
IV.1.6.Mugi misoIV.1.7.Tao Chiew
IV.2. Natto va nhii'ng san phftm wang tI!
IV.2.1. Rama natto
IV.2.2.Itoniki natto
IV.2.3. Thua Nao
IV.3. cae san pham d~u nlmh 1en men d<;lngpaste va cae san pham wang tl! kMe
IV.3.1.Doenjang
IV.3.2.KoehujangIV.3.3.Tao si
IV.3A. Taueo eair
IV.3.5. Tauco radar
IV.3.6. Tausi
IVA. Nuoe cham va cae san pham wang tl;ltu d~u nanh
IV.4.1. Ce Iew
IVA.2. Keeap asin
IVA.3. Keeap manis
IVAA. Kieap Kaeang Soya
IVA.5. Koikuehi Shoyu
IVA.6. Saichikomi Shoyu
IVA.7. Soya sauce
IVA.8. Toyo 297
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IV.5. Tempeh va nhU'ngsan pharo wang tt,r
IV.5.l. Dage
IV.5.2. Oncom Hitam
IV.5.3. Tenpeh
IV.5A. Tempeh (Singapor)
IV.5.5. Tempeh Benguk
IV.5.6. Tempeh Kedelai
IV.6. D(,lmwang
IV.6.l. PhuO'ng pMp san xuat
IV.6.2. Luu ycae c6ng do(,lnchinh
IV.6.2.1. XiI ly nguyen li~u
IV.6.2.2. Nu6i nam moc A. oryzae
IV.6.2.3. Thuy phan
IV.6.2A. Len men ph~
IV.7. Nuac cham (Vi~t Nam)
Cll/tang 7 ..Cong ngh~ san xuat cae san ph.1m len men tir rau qua
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I. C6ng ngh~ san xuat fall, qua moDi chua Vi~t Nam
1.1. Co' s6 ly thuyet cua qua tduh moDi chua Tauqua
1.2. M9t so c6ng ngh~ moDi chua fall, qua
1.2.1. Muoi chua bar di
1.2.2. Muoi chua di by1.2.3. Muoi ca
1.2A. Muoi ca chua
1.2.5. Muoi dua lea (dua chu9t)
II. C6ng ngh~ san xuat cae san pharo leu men tu fall, qua 6 cae nuac Chao A11.1.Atchara
11.2. Baechoo kim chi
11.3.Dongchimi
IIA. Gundn;k
11.5. Kakdu ;i
11.6.Pak gad dong
11.7. Sayur Asin
11.8.Takana Zuke
11.9.Takuan Zuke
11.10. Burong mango
11.11. Burong Prutas
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III. ca moDi
IV. Dua chu(>tmoDi
V. Dua muoi
VI. l111;lchdua
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C/!l(O'1lg9: Cong ngh~ san xuat DIrac Dong len men
I. C6ng ngh~ san XUeltm(>tsolo<;liruqu di,icsan cua Vi~t Nam
1.1. COng ngh~ san XUeltruqu nep than
1.2. Cong ngh~ san XUeltruqu "de', ruqu "lang Van"
1.3. C6ng ngh~ san xuilt rugu can
II. Cong ngh~ cac lo<;lido Dong len men tren the giai
11.1. Brem Bali
11.2. Bubod
11.3.Bubju
11.4.Lambanog
11.5.Mirin
11.6.Sake
11.7. Shochu
11.8. Takju
III. Men lam ruqu (Vi~t Nam)
IV. RuQ'U ncp
C/ll((YIlg10: Cong ngh~ san xuat DIrac Dong len men tir di phe va ca cao
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I. Len men ca phe
1.1.cac qua trinh chuyen boa trong len men
1.2.Vi sinh v~t trong leu men ell pheII. Len men ca caD
11.1.Phuang pMp len men h<;ltcacao
11.2.Vi sinh v~t trong qua trinh len men
Tai li~utham khao
Ml;ICll;lC
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