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Modeling and Analysis of State-of-the-art VM-based Cloud Management Platforms

Saif U. K. Malik, Samee U. Khan, Senior Member, IEEE, Surdarshan K. Srinivansan, Member, IEEE

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CLOUD COMPUTING (2013)

報告者： 計財 15 100071018 韋自鴻 計財 15 100071020 楊佑濬

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Introduction

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What is Cloud Computing?

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Cloud Computing structureApplication

Social Computing, Enterprise, ISV,…

Programming languageWeb 2.0 介面 , Mashups, Workflows, …

ControlQos Neqotiation, Ddmission Control, Pricing, SLA Management, Metering…

VirtualizationVM, VM management and Deployment

User Level

User-Level Middleware

Core Middleware

System Level

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現有的雲端運算服務Windows GoogleAmazon Yahoo ......

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Type of Cloud Computing Industry

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Features of cloud computing

Large scale

Virtualization

High reliability

High versatility High Scalabilitypay-as-you-go

Low Cost

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Cloud Computing IndustryInfrastructure as a Service Delivers computer infrastructure such

as virtualization, storage, and networking that offers incremental scalability.

infrastructure stack: Full OS access Firewalls Routers Load balancing

IaaS

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Cloud Computing IndustryExamples Flexiscale AWS: EC2 (Amazon Elastic Compute

Cloud)

IaaS

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Cloud Computing IndustryPlatform as a Service

Provide a platform for system administrators and developers to build, test and deploy custom applications

Expensive cost management system Popular services Storage Database Scalability

IaaS

PaaS

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Cloud Computing IndustryExamples Google App Engine AWS: S3 (Simple Storage Service) Microsoft Azure

IaaS

PaaS

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Cloud Computing IndustrySoftware as a Service

Do not manage hardware and software

Simple operation (browser) Pay per use Instant Scalability Security Reliability

IaaS

PaaS

SaaS

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Cloud Computing IndustryExamples Google Docs CRM Financial Planning Human Resources Word processing Salesforce.comIaaS

PaaS

SaaS

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Comparison table ServiceProperty

AmazonEC2

GoogleApp Engine

MicrosoftAzure

YahooHadoop

架構 Iaas/Paas Paas Paas Software

服務型態 Compute/Storage

Web application

Web and non-web

Software

管理技術 OS on Xen hypervisor

Application container

OS through Fabric

controller

Map / Reduce Architecture

使用者介面 EC2 Command-line

tools

Web-based Administration

console

Windows Azure portal

Command line and web

APIs yes yes yes yes

收費 yes maybe yes no

程式語言 AMI (Amazon Machine Image)

Python .NET framework

Java,

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Open Source IaaS the most widely used open source hypervisors in the

recent IaaS providers: (a) Xen (b) KVM three open source state-of-the-art VM-based cloud

management platforms : (a) Eucalyptus (b) Open Nebula (c) Nimbus

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Eucalyptus The less level of customization that makes it

appropriate for a private company, where one needs a cloud for own use and wants to avoid mistakes from the users.

The best feature is compatible with Amazon EC2.

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Open Nebula the highest level of customizability that allow users

to switch almost every component from the underlying Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) to the frontend.

Open Nebula is suitable in an experimental environment, where one wants to explore every component and crack new results from the computational perspective.

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Nimbus Nimbus also provides a high level of customization.

However, the major portion of customization in Nimbus is available to the administrator.

Nimbus is more suitable for an environment, where one is less interested in technical details of the systems, but requires a broad level of customization, such as cooperative scientific communities.

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Modeling and Analysis of the systems

In this study, we made an effort to diminish the level of abstraction through detailed modeling and formal analysis of the platforms being discussed.

We have used High Level Petri Nets (HLPN) and Z language for the modeling and analysis of the systems.

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High Level Petri Nets (HLPN)

HLPN is used to: (a) simulate the systems and (b) provide mathematical representation, to analyze the behavior and structural properties of the system.

The model of the systems will help analyze: (1) the interconnection of the components and

processes . (2) the fine-grain details of the flow of information

amongst the processes. (3) how the information is processed.

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Z3 solver First, we performed the automated verification of the

models by Checking technique using Satisfiability Modulo Theories Library (SMTLib) and Z3 solver.

Then, Z3 solver is used to check either the model satisfies the properties or not.

Second, to verify the feasibility of the models as the number of VMs scales and verify the correctness.

The results generated reveals that the models are working correctly.

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Modeling and Analysis of VM-based Cloud Management Platforms

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Eucalyptus Architecture

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HLPN of Eucalyptus

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Conclusion for Eucalyptus Supports corporate enterprise computing setting The administration space is separated from the user

space. Easy to deploy on top of the existing resource. Suitable for experimentation because of having

modular design open source in nature.

Users are only allowed to use the system through web interface

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Open Nebula Architecture

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HLPN of Open Nebula

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Conclusion for Open Nebula The level of customization available of Open Nebula

is suitable for researchers who wish to combine cloud system with other technologies.

The centralized nature makes administration easier Higher level of customization makes it ideal for

research

Users need to have some technical expertise Users can make a mistake while providing config for

a VM

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Nimbus Architecture

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HLPN of Nimbus

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Conclusion for Nimbus Provides different resources leases to different users

as a mean of scheduling The flexibility and customization available to

perform experiment Workspace tools can operate with Xen hypervisor

and as well as KVM.

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Verification of Models Using SMT-Lib and Z3 Solver

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Kripke structure and Computational Tree

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CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

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CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK

In future, we will analyze, model, and verify some other cloud management platforms, such as OpenStack, oVirt, and ECP.

Moreover, we will also perform a detailed feasibility analysis of the aforesaid platforms under different SLA constraints.