models and non standard model with neutrinos pilar hernández university of valencia/ific
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Models and Non Standard Model with Neutrinos
Pilar Hernández University of Valencia/IFIC
SM + massive ns
Fogli et al 2012 (after T2K, Double-CHOOZ, Daya Bay, RENO)
3n mixing:
Standard 3 n scenario
The flavour observables:
Masses Angles CP-phases
m12
< m22, m3
2 q12,q23,q13 , d a1, a2
Good prospects for CP volation
Coloma, Donini, Fernandez-Martinez,PH arXiv:1203.5651
New dofs puzzle
Neutrinos are massive -> there must be new dofs in the SM
New dofs puzzle
Neutrinos are massive -> there must be new dofs in the SM
Weinberg
?
SM
nSM
The good nSM
• Explanation for the neutrino-charged lepton hierarchy
The n flavour puzzle I
Why are neutrino masses so light ?
The good nSM
• Explanation for the neutrino-charged lepton hierarchy
• Explain the pattern of mixing
CKM
PMNS
Gonzalez-Garcia, Maltoni
PDG 2007
VCKM =
Differences are striking!
The n flavour puzzle II
The good nSM
• Explanation for the neutrino-charged lepton hierarchy
• Explain the pattern of mixing• Explain other open problems: DM, matter-
antimatter, oscillation anomalies, cosmology anomalies…
Massive Neutrinos & fundamental questions in Particle Physics and
Cosmology
Growth of structure
DM ?
DE ?
Baryons ?
Structure of the vacuum ?
Flavour Puzzle: twice as many pieces ?
Outlier I: LSND anomaly
-
LSND vs KARMEN
Appearance signal with very different
Not yet disproved at an acceptable level of confidence…
Pinning down the New physics scale
TeVGeVMeVkeVeV
Leptogenesis
Hierarchy problem or SUSY ?
SUSY GUTs
meV
Pinning down the New physics scale
TeVGeVMeVkeVeV
CMB, LSS Leptogenesis
LFV processes, Precision tests, LHC Hierarchy problem or SUSY ?
SUSY GUTs
meV
Neutrino osc.
Nucleosynthesis
bb0n
Baryogenesis
The good nSM
• Explanation for the neutrino-charged lepton hierarchy
• Explain the pattern of mixing• Explain other open problems: DM, matter-
antimatter, oscillation anomalies, cosmology anomalies…
• Do so, in a predictable and testable way !
No signal of SUSY/solution-of-hierarchy-problem at the LHC (yet)…
Occam’s razor
Pinning down the New physics scale
TeVGeVMeVkeVeV
Warm DM ?Hierarchy ?
GUT ?
meV
LSND, reactor anomalies?Extra radiation ?
Matter/antimatter asymmetry ?
1) Decoupling physics
2) LHC reach
3) LSND reach
Ruchayskiy’s talk
Effective Theories of Neutrino Masses(model-independent)
If L >> v low-energy effects should be well described by an effective field theory:
Oid built from SM fields satisfying the gauge symmetries
Only one with d=5: Weinberg’s operator or neutrino masses !
Weinberg; Buchmuller, Wyler;…
Generically d=6 operators: rich phenomenology
d=6 phenomenology
Long list of flavoured-operators
• rare lepton decays: m -> e g • Z, W decays• rho parameter• W mass, …• violations of universality, unitarity,…
But…
la -> lb g
If just neutrino masses:
If also d=6 operators @one loop
MEG
Could d=6 be stronger ?
Yes if two independent scales in d=5, d=6 from a symmetry principle: lepton number Cirigliano et al 05, Kersten,Smirnov 07 ; Abada et al 07
Ld=5~LLN >> Ld=6 ~ LLFV ~ TeV
Origin of lepton/quark flavour violation linked to the LEW
Lepton number breaking scale higher and responsible for the gap between n and remaining fermions
Are d=6 flavour structures related to neutrino masses ?
(cd=5) ab ~ (cd=6)ab~ mn
All flavour violating effects determined by neutrino masses and mixings
Minimal Flavour Violation Chivukula, Georgi; Buras et al.;D’Ambrosio et al; Cirigliano et al; Davidson et al, Gavela, et al
Unfortunately not the case for most popular models of neutrino mass (ex. Type I seesaw)
?
BSM and Neutrino Masses(Up->Down approach)
New physics scale
Type I see-saw: interchange a heavy singlet fermion
Minkowski; Gell-Mann, Ramond Slansky; Yanagida, Glashow…
New physics scale
Type II see-saw: interchange a heavy triplet scalar
Konetschny, Kummer; Cheng, Li; Lazarides, Shafi, Wetterich …
New physics scale
Type III see-saw: interchange a heavy triplet fermion
Foot et al; Ma; Bajc, Senjanovic…
New physics scale
Also from loops ! Zee-Babu
Systematic exploration of 1-loop generated Weinberg interaction
Bonnet et al 2012
Effective see-saw theories
Also d=6 operators
Type I
Type III
Type II
Gavela, Broncano, Jenkins; Abada, et al
Non-unitarity in mixing !
Type I SeesawMost general (renormalizable) Lagrangian compatible with SM gauge symmetries:
Y: 3 x nR MN: nRx nR
ms
mn
Ye
One scale see-saw models
Type I or III + (approx) Lepton number
mn
M2N/
m
Inverse Seesaw
Y unsuppressed: -> LFV effects at LHC, large m-> e g, etc -> heavier spectrum MN, Yv
v MN/m
Direct Seesaw
mn
nR
L= +1 -1 +1
Wyler, Wolfenstein; Mohapatra, Valle; Branco, Grimus, Lavoura, Malinsky, Romao,…
Kersten,Smirnov 07; Abada et al 07; Gavela,et al 09
Minimal Flavour type I seesaw model
Only two extra Weyl fermions + SM
Y, Y’ complex vectors, , , ’ L m m numbers
Gavela, Hambye, Hernandez, PH 09
Neutrino masses & mixings determine Y up to a global normalization (and Majorana phase)
Normal hierarchy
Inverted hierarchy
Minimal type I seesaw model
Also Raidal, Strumia, Turzynski 2004; Ibarra et al 2010
NH
IH
Complementarity of CLFV and neutrino oscillations
Gavela, Hambye, Hernandez, PH 09
Dinh, Ibarra, Molinaro, Petcov 2012
CLFV within reach
LLFV ~ TeV: direct searches at LHC ?
Generically it is needed
• Gauge interactions of extra fields for large enough production (ex. type II and type III)
• Low enough masses for kinematical constraints
Keung, Senjanovic;…
Type II: Han et al;Garayoa, Schwetz; Kadastik,et al ; Akeroyd, et al; Fileviez et al, del Aguila et al
Type III: Franceschini et al; Arhrib et al; Eboli et al…
Eboli, Gonzalez-Fraile, Gonzalez-Garcia 2011
Minimal Flavour See-saw III at LHC
CMS-PAS-HIG-12-005
Type II seesaw
In order to accommodate a new
• Need at least four (ns ≥1) distinct eigenstates • Apparently CP violating effect needed (signal LSND/MB anti-n not MB n) ns ≥ 2 • Tension appearance (signal) and disappearance (no signal) ?
• Tension with cosmology ?
LSND anomaly
Outlier II: reactor anomaly
Re-calculation of reactor fluxes:old fluxes underestimated by 3%:
Mueller et al, ArXiv: 1101.2663
Outlier III: Cosmology
Sterile species favoured by LSS and CMB
Nucleosynthesis:
Hamann et al, ArXiv: 1006.5276
Izotov, Thuan
3+2 neutrino mixing modelParametrized in terms of a general unitary 5x5 mixing matrix (9 angles, >6 phases physical)
Kopp, Maltoni, Schwetz (KMS) arXiv:1103.4570 Giunti, Laveder, (GL) arXiv:1107.1452
Significant improvement over 3n scenario, but tension appearance/disappearance remains
Pheno 3+ns mixing models ?
Assumes a general mass matrix for 3+ns neutrinos: what is that model ?
3xns3x3
Assumes a general mass matrix for 3+ns neutrinos:
Gauge invariance
Effective theory: MLL parametrizes our ignorance about the underlying dynamics (eg. a model with nR > ns, where the heavier states are integrated out)
Pheno 3+ns mixing models ?
Type I see-saw models
Light sterile states! De Gouvea, hep-ph/0501039De Gouvea, J. Jenkins, Vasudevan hep-ph/0608147
Minimal modelsMost general (renormalizable) Lagrangian compatible with SM gauge symmetries:
Donini, PH, Lopez-Pavon, Maltoni 2011; De Gouvea et al 2011;
3+2 minimal much more predictive than 3+2 pheno
Inverse Hierarchy
Normal Hierarchy
Heavy-light mixings are predicted up to a complex angle z45 and two CP phases !
Heavy-Light Mixings
Suppressed in and
Suppressed only in
3+2 MM vs 3+2 PM vs 3n
Donini, PH, Lopez-Pavon, Maltoni, Schwetz ‘12
e m t
Large tau mixings to heavy states
Heavy-Light Mixings
Constraint on
Constraint on
Significant improvement over 3n scenario, but large tension appearance/disappearance in m sector remains (MINOS CC high energy)
Tension with cosmology that favours extra lighter states
New info from T2K ND ?
BUT….
We are still lacking an independent confirmation of LSND at the same level of confidence…
New experimental programme ahead by SBL: Mauri’s Talk
?
A hierarchy ?
Conclusions •A espectacular experimental progress in neutrino physics has openeda whole new flavour sector in the SM
•But neutrino masses require new dofs and most probably a new energy scale
•No hint of the scale…
SUSY-GUTs
1015GeV0 TeV
Dirac n
Rich phenomenology: must be explored systematically !
n’s have the highest score at bringing surprises…
….ask these people
BACKUPS
Flavour Symmetries ?
A lot of work has been devoted to justify the tri-bimaximal mixing features of U:
But data is getting further away from TB…
Incorporating deviations very model dependent…
Or Anarchy ?
Doing just fine…
De Gouvea, Murayama 2012
Dark portals
Only two gauge and Lorentz invariant combinations in SM with d <4
Bosonic
Fermionic
Any hidden sector singlet under SM gauge group can couple to the dark portals
Schabinger, Wells 05Patt Wilczek 06
MiniBOONE- n
-
Low energy excess…but not expected if LSND right
Neutrino run 200 MeV ≤ En ≤ 3 GeV
MiniBOONE-n
-
Compatible with LSND !
Anti-Neutrino run
475-1250MeV 1250-3000MeV
Excess 20.9 ±13.9 3.8±5.8
LSND-best fit 22 3.5
–
Leptogenesis
Most interesting and robust implication with these models
Works out in Type I Fukuyita, Yanagida,… Type II Ma,Sarkar, Hambye Type III Hambye, Li, Papucci, Notari, Strumia
Recent progress: flavoured leptogenesis -> follow dynamics of Le, Lm, Lt
Relaxing bound on light neutrino mass
Abada, et al; Nardi, et al
Leptogenesis stew
M
,,
ND
S>
10 9 G
eV
mn <
few
eV
But neutrino mass matrix does not provide the exact recipe!
L vi
olat
ion
CP
vio
latio
n
Type II with LLFV << LLN
LLN = MD2/m LLFV = MD
If m=0 -> exact L
LFV could be measurable from d=6 operators and fully correlated with neutrino oscillations
Spectacular effects at LHC also fully correlated with neutrino oscillations
m-> e gChakrabortty, Ghosh, Rodejohann
See-saw II: Pair-production of charged triplet scalars
pp-> H++ H-- -> l+l+l-l-
Flavour structure one-to-one to mn ! BR(H++ -> la+lb+ ) ~ |Mab|2
Han et al;Garayoa, Schwetz; Kadastik,et al ; Akeroyd, et al; Fileviez et al
Keung, Senjanovic;…