Erich Benischek, Owner Blaue Lagune Vienna

2nd November 2018

奥地利Blaue Lagune装配式建筑事务所总监，奥地利可持续建筑发展委员会

2018年11月2号

Modern Prefabricated Construction:

Yesterday – Today – Tomorrow

现代化预制建造: 昨天 – 今天 – 明天

YESTERDAY

昨天

Milestones

里程碑

France 1516:

Leonardo da Vinci designed a standard house and disassembles it afterwards in

single elements, then these elements are produced in central workshops

17th century:

English seafarers build houses made of prefabricated wooden elements

America 18th century:

The prefabrication of elements forces the fast colonisation of the continent

20th century:

On going development of the prefabrication:

o The German artist Konrad Wachsmann developed a new prefabricated house

system, his most prominent client: Albert Einstein

o The architect Walter Gropius presented his own developed prefabricated

houses

Since 1980:

Individuality in spite of prefabrication, ongoing improvement of the quality,

development of high technical standards

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Development in Europe

欧洲的发展

4

Northern Europe (Norway, Sweden, Finland):

Wood is a traditional building material, high

market share of prefabricated houses

Central Europe (Austria, Germany, Italy,

Slovenia, Switzerland):

Austria is a driving force in the modern

prefabricated construction business, with a

market share of more than 30%.

Market shares of prefabricated houses in

Germany, Switzerland and Italy are increasing

Eastern Europe (Hungary, Czech Republic,

Poland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Russia)

Strong development of prefabricated houses in

the past 10 years

British Islands: (Great Britain, Ireland)

Currently strong interest in modern

prefabricated construction

TODAY

今天

Agriculture

农业

Construction Industry – Today’s Situation

建造业 – 今天的现状

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Productivity Growth from 1940s to 2016

从20世纪40年代到2016年的生产力增长

Manufacturing

制造业

Retail

零售业

Construction

建造业

1,512

760

699

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Therefore the construction industry is the worst performing industry regarding

productivity, digitalization and innovation. For this reason the global economy looses

around 1.6 trillions Dollar p.a.

It is time to call the construction industry, which hasn’t changed its basic model for 150

years, in question and to raise the productivity and quality by using new innovative

methods.

所以从生产力、数字化和创新等方面来看，建造行业是表现最差的行业。这造成的全球

经济损失约为1.6万亿美元。

现在是时候，提高对基本模式停滞了150年的建造行业的重视，并通过新的创新方法提

高其生产力和质量。

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Construction Industry – Today’s Situation

建造业 – 今天的现状

Definition

定义

A prefabricated house is a building,

built of prefabricated floor-to-

ceiling large panel-wall elements,

as well as prefabricated ceiling

and roof elements. It is produced in

a production facility regardless of

weather conditions. Afterwards it is

transported to the building site

and is erected on a prepared

substructure.

预制装配式房屋是一种建筑形式，由

预制面板墙元件以及预制吊顶和屋顶

元件构成。无论天气条件如何，它都

能在生产设施中生产。然后将其运输

到建筑工地并装配在准备好的基础结

构上。8

Benefits of Prefabrication

预制建筑的优势

High product quality due to the production regardless of weather conditions

Higher accuracy due to a detailed pre-planning and an accurate cut by modern

control

Precise installation of the home technology components already in the factor

High-quality execution, little construction defaults on the site

Very precisely calculated time and process plans

Quick assembly, no improvising on the site

Low emissions

Less noise pollution to residents

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Economic Benefits 经济效益

Lower industrial hourly rate in the production facility and on site 降低生产和施工

环节的工业时间成本

Lower effort for the construction supervision on site 现场施工监理工作量减少

Low on-site overheads 现场管理费用降低

Clear description of costs; No “surprises” during the construction phase

明确的成本描述; 在施工阶段没有“意外”

The construction costs can be reduced further by better know-how 通过更好的技

术方案可以进一步降低建设成本

During operation of the building: Low Life-Cycle-Costs, as there are no/little

construction defaults during the construction of the building 在建筑物运营期间：生

命周期成本低，因为在建筑物施工期间没有或很少有施工误差

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Technologies 技术

There is no common rule to see which technology is better or worse. There is only one

technology, which is suitable for this specific construction project, relying on its

demands and possibilities.

没有一般性的规则可以判断哪种技术更好或更差。但仅有一种技术适用于一个特定的建造项目，基于其需求和可能性。

The mostly used construction technologies are:

最常用的建造技术体系有：

Concrete double wall construction, precast concrete parts 混凝土双层墙体结构，预制混凝土构件

Steel frame construction 钢框架结构

Wooden frame construction木框架结构

Solid wood construction (CLT)实木建造(CLT)11

Prefabrication (Precast Concrete Parts)

预制（预制混凝土构件）

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Prefabrication (Precast Concrete Parts)

预制（预制混凝土构件）

13

Concrete Double Wall Construction混凝土双层墙结构

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Factory made integrated core insulation

工厂制造的集成芯绝缘

Prefabricated exterior shell 预制外壳

Connecting rod

连杆

Factory made integrated reinforcement

工厂制造的集成加固机构

In-situ concrete (filling on site)

工厂制造的集成加固机构

Prefabricated interior shell

预制内壳

Concrete Double Wall Construction混凝土双层墙结构

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Heat-insulated walls

隔热墙

Prefabrication (Steel Frame Construction)

预制 (钢框架结构)

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Prefabrication (Steel Frame Construction)

预制 (钢框架结构)

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Steel Frame Construction钢框架结构

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1Ceiling Construction 吊顶结构

1 gypsum panel +

vapour barrier 石膏板+ 防潮层2 Fixing systems 固定系统3 Insulation 绝缘层4, 5 OSB board or trapezoidal plate

OSB板或梯形板6 Concrete floor screed

混凝土地台砂浆底层7 Floor covering 楼层面板

Wall Construction

1 Façade coat 外墙表皮2 Insulation 绝缘层3 Wind foil风箔4 OSB board OSB板5 Insulation between the steel profiles

钢材剖面之间的绝缘6 Vapour barrier + OSB board + gypsum panel

防潮层 + OSB板+ 石膏板

Wood – Sustainable and Energy-efficient

木材 – 可持续和高效节能

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Natural renewable resource 自然可再生资源

Enormous load capacity with low own weight 极高的负载能力和很轻的自重

CO2-neutral (stores carbon) 碳中和 (存储碳)

Lowest grey energy* compared with other construction materials

与其他建材相比需要最低的灰度能源

Energy-efficient in construction and during lifetime (Thermal insulation 15-times better than concrete)

建造和生命周期内高效节能（隔热性能比混凝土好15倍）

Positive indoor climate, due to wood absorbing of moisture.

由于木材吸收水分，可创造良好的室内气候环境。

* Energy expenditure for production, storage and transport of a construction material

In Austria every 40 sec. “regrows“ a woodhouse.

在奥地利，每40秒钟”再生”一栋木屋。

Prefabrication (Wooden Frame Construction)

预制 (木框架结构)

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Prefabrication (Wooden Frame Construction)

木框架结构

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Prefabrication (Wooden Frame Construction)

木框架结构

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Wooden Frame Construction实木建造 (CLT)

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OSB-4 15mm

OSB-4 18mm sealed airtight

Installation level

Wooden bar

Cellulose insulation

Thermal insulation system made

of wood fibre panels 60mm

Plaster system 8mm

OSB-4定向纤维板 15毫米

绝缘层

OSB-4板 18毫米密封气密

木栏

纤维素绝缘层

由60毫米的木纤维板制成的保温绝缘系统

8毫米灰泥系统

Gypsum panel 石膏板

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Solid Wood Construction (CLT)

实木建造

Floor construction 地板结构

Flat roof 平屋顶 Sattleback roof 鞍形屋顶

Wall-/ Ceiling construction 墙体或吊顶结构

HoHo

in Vienna,

Austria

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First 84m high multi-storey

building with

24 storeys worldwide.

Total floor space: 25,000 m²

Built with cross laminated

timber (CLT), staircase and

elevator shaft made of

concrete

Savings of 2,800 tons of

CO2 due to wooden

construction, resulting in

less cement and steel

usage

Life Cycle Tower in

Dornbirn, Austria

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8-storey wood-hybrid house

(wood/concrete)

Built with cross laminated

timber (CLT), staircase and

elevator shaft made of concrete

Total floor space: 2,319 m²

Passive house

Certificates: LEED-Platinum,

ÖGNI-Platinum (= Austrian

Sustainable Building Council),

DGNB-Platinum (= German

Sustainable Building Council)

Individual – different building configurations are possible

Cost-efficient due to prefabrication

Short construction period

High quality

Low burden of noise and dirt

个性化 – 可以创建不同的建筑形式

预制能够节省成本

建造周期短

高质量

噪音和灰尘污染负担低

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Further Development: Modular Construction

未来发展：模块式建造

Modern Modular Construction现代模块化建造

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7-storey Apartment Building in Oslo, Norway

挪威奥斯陆的7层公寓楼

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Student Dorm “Woodie“ in Hamburg, Germany

德国汉堡的学生公寓” Woodie”

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”Out of 7.4 billion people living on earth today 2 billion are children under the age of 16

years. In the coming16 years these 2 billion will need their own homes, jobs and

infrastructure.

In 1930 a total of 2 billion people lived on earth. This means, that we will need to

rebuild the world of 1930 in the coming 16 years.

If we were to do so according to Central European standards, we would need 1.000

billion tons of concrete and bricks. These are neither available nor producible.

“It’s high time to rethink building “

Werner Sobek, on the occasion of the awards ceremony for the Fritz-Leonhardt-Preises, July 4, 2015

今天生活在地球上的74亿人口中有20亿是16岁以下的儿童。在未来16年，这20亿人将需要自己的住房、工作岗位和基础设施。

在1930年共有20亿人生活在地球上。这意味着，我们需要在未来16年内建设出1930年的整个世界。

如果我们按照目前中欧的标准进行建设，我们需要1000亿吨混凝土和砖块。既没有这些资源，也不可能生产得出来。

“现在迫切需要重新思考建筑形式 “

Werner Sobek，在Fritz-Leonhardt-Preises颁奖典礼上，2015年7月4日31

TOMORROW 未来

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Population Living in Cities 城市人口

Statista 2018

Today:

More than 50 % of

the global population

2050:

Around 66 % of

the global population

今天:

超过 50 % 的世界人口生活在城市中

2050:

大约 66 % 的世界人口生活在城市中

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Smart City is a collective term for

overall development concepts to

build cities more efficiently,

technologically advanced,

sustainably and socially

inclusive.

智慧城市是一个整体发展理念的集

成术语，旨在提高城市的运作效率，

技术先进性，可持续性和社会包容

性。

Our cities are turning SMART

我们的城市正在变得智能化

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Future cities need flexible structures, which can adapt to ever changing

conditions.

Smart administration (e.g. reclassification shall be possible more rapidly,

adaption of legal framework conditions, …)

Smart Development – High influx into cities creates pressure on developing a

new living environment

Our everyday life revolves around working and living. The separation of

working and living creates traffic.

How does a location have to be in order to combine working, living and society?

Which trading- and commercial spaces do we need nowadays?

What requirements do we have regarding our living spaces and how can these

requirements be implemented?

Requirements for Tomorrow‘s Construction Sector

对未来建造行业的要求

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Building Information Modelling (BIM) 建筑信息模型 (BIM)

Method of optimizing planning, execution and management of buildings by using computer

programs. All relevant data will be digitally modulated, combined and collected.

Prefabrication / Modular Construction预制 / 模块化建造

• Fast

• Efficient

• Sustainable (Energy Production, reduced usage of resources,

emission-free)

• Highly flexible and adaptable for buildings

• Conversion and subsequent use of buildings

• Recycling of waste products caused by the waste disposal

• Reuse of building components

Answer: Smart Construction 智能建造

Recycling of Wooden Components回收木制部件

Wood growth Use of wood

Direct use

e.g. chip board

Thermal use

or

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• water

• sand

• gravel

Recycling of Concrete Components回收混凝土部件

Concrete Building made of

concrete

Fresh Concrete Recycling

Hardened Concrete

Recycling

Not hardened concrete or

mortar is washed out and

is used for the production

of new concrete.

Concrete caused by

dismantling measures is

shredded. The concrete

chips are used for the

production of new

concrete.

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Cradle to Cradle® Principal摇篮到摇篮® 原则

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In Cradle to Cradle® inspired buildings only materials, which flow in biological or

technical production cycles, are used. Hence, they serve as a resource and their

impacts are positive for people and their environment.

在摇篮到摇篮®设计理念的建筑中，仅使用可在生物或技术生产中循环的材料。所以它们可以作为一种资源，对人们及其环境的影响是正面的。

Reuse of building components建筑构件再利用

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Environmental Relief

• Avoidance of waste

• Saving of raw materials

• Saving of energy

• CO2 reduction

Economic Benefits

• Gaining of reusable materials

• Minimization of disposal costs

• Energy saving

• Revenues due to the sale of

components

Future Supreme Discipline

• Dismantling of buildings

• Disassembling of the

buildings in their single

components

• Reuse of these components

when building new buildings

(different configurations

possible)

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High Residential Comfort高舒适度住宅

Detached House:

Griffner Haus GmbH

Wooden frame construction

Living area: 165 m²

独栋式住宅:

Griffner Haus GmbH

木质框架结构

实用面积: 165 m²

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Liveable Living Areas in Urban Space

城市内的宜居空间

5-storey residential building:

Wood cube

Solid wood construction, staircase

and elevator shaft made of concrete

Total floor space: 1.500 m², 7 units

Saving of 8.500 t CO2 due to wooden

construction

Passive house

5层住宅建筑:

Wood cube

实木建造，楼梯和电梯井由混凝土制成

总建筑面积: 1.500 m², 7个单元

实木建造方式节省了8500吨CO2排放

被动式节能屋

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Only the sky is the limit只有天空才是极限

Oakwood Tower

Project in London

Height: 300 m

伦敦橡木塔高度：300米

I m p r e s s u m

Owner and Editor:

Fertighauszentrum "Blaue Lagune"

Verwaltungs GmbH & Co. KG

Mariahilfer Straße 84

1070 Vienna, AUSTRIA

Content and all details in this presentation are based on current knowledge and experience. They are no confirmation or covenant in a

legal sense. The specific circumstances of the individual case have to be considered at any time. All rights reserved, mistakes and errata

expected. Circulation, duplication or use of contents of this brochure also only in extracts are explicitly forbidden. November 2018

Imprint

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