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Electronic Instrument System – V 1.0

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DAFTAR ISI

DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................1

BAB 1 PRINSIP DASAR INSTRUMEN..................................................................

A. Persy!r!t!n Instrumen Pes!"!t.............................................................

B. #l!si$%!si Instrument Pes!"!t...............................................................

&. Instrumen P!nel D!n '!yout..................................................................

D. Illumin!tion System P!(! In(ic!tor D!n Instrument P!nel....................

E. Pen))olon)!n Instrumen P!(! P!nel...................................................11

F. T!n(!*T!n(! B!t!s P!(! Instrumen......................................................1+

BAB + PRINSIP DASAR PEN,U#URAN PADA INSTRUMENT..............................1-

A. Prinsi D!s!r Pen)u%ur!n #etin))i!n..................................................1-

B. Teori Pen)u%ur!n Te%!n!n....................................................................1/

&. Teori Pen)u%ur!n Suu........................................................................+1

BAB PITT STATI& S2STEM..........................................................................+3

A. Pitot Tu4e At!u Pitot 5e!(....................................................................+6

B. St!tic Vents..........................................................................................0

&. Sistem Pem!n!s P!(! Pitot 5e!(.........................................................1

D. &!r! Penem!t!n Pitot Tu4e D!n St!tic Port.......................................1

E. S%em! Pitot System P!(! AD& D!n DAD&...........................................+

BAB - EN,INE INSTRUMENT..........................................................................7

A. il Pressure In(ic!tor...........................................................................7

B. Fuel Pressure In(ic!tor.........................................................................3

&. 5i(r!ulic Pressure In(ic!tor.................................................................6

D. M!ni8ol( Pressure In(ic!tor..................................................................-0

E. Pressure S"itc....................................................................................-1

F. il Temer!ture In(ic!tor.....................................................................-+

,. &ylin(er 5e!( Temer!ture In(ic!tor 9&5T:........................................--

5. E;!ust ,!s Temer!ture In(ic!tor 9E,T:...........................................-7

I. T!cometer In(ic!tor............................................................................-6

<. Fuel =u!ntity In(ic!tin) System.........................................................../

#. Fuel Flo" In(ic!tor.............................................................................../3

'. Tor>uemeter In(ic!tor........................................................................../6

BAB / F'I,5T INSTRUMEN.............................................................................?1

A. Altimeter..............................................................................................?1

B. Vertic!l See( In(ic!tor 9VSI:..............................................................?/

&. Air See( In(ic!tor 9ASI:......................................................................?6

D. M!cmeter In(ic!tor............................................................................7+

E. ,yroscoic Instrument.........................................................................7-

F. Arti$si!l 5ori@ont!l In(ic!tor.................................................................76

,. Direction!l ,yro In(ic!tor....................................................................3-

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5. Turn An( B!n% In(ic!tor.......................................................................3?

I. Electronic Fli)t Instrumen System 9 EFIS :..........................................61

BAB ? NAVI,ASI INSTRUMENT.......................................................................6

A. Instrument '!n(in) System.................................................................6

B. Direct Re!(in) &om!ss......................................................................63

&. R!(io M!)netic In(ic!tor 9RMI:..........................................................10?D. Autom!tion Direction Fin(er 9ADF:....................................................10?

BAB 7 AUI''IAR2 INSTRUMENT..................................................................103

A. St!ll !rnin) System.........................................................................103

B. An)le 8 Att!c% In(ic!tor 9AA:.........................................................110

&. '!n(in) ,e!rs Position In(ic!tor........................................................111

D. Fl!s Position In(ic!tor......................................................................11

E. &loc% At!u Sto !tc.......................................................................11-

F. V!cuum ,!u)e At!u Suction ,!u)e...................................................11/

BAB 3 AUTPI'T........................................................................................117A. Autoilots D!n ACionics......................................................................113

B. Prinsi D!s!r Autoilot.......................................................................116

&. Prinsi #er! Autoilot........................................................................1+0

D. Autoilot &ontrol System...................................................................1++

E. #omonen Auto Pilot..........................................................................1+

F. Mo(e Autoilot....................................................................................1+-

,. Autoilot F!ilure.................................................................................1+-

5. Mo(ern Autoilot Systems.................................................................1+/

DAFTAR PUSTA#A.........................................................................................1+?

BAB 1 PRINSIP DASAR INSTRUMEN

A.Persyaratan Instrumen Pesawat

Instrumen !(! es!"!t u(!r! s!n)!tl! entin) %e4er!(!!ny! 4il!

es!"!t mel!%u%!n ener4!n)!n !(! m!l!m !ri cu!c! 4uru% (en)!n

!r!% temu y!n) s!n)!t !u (en)!n men)!run)i l!ut!n (!n (!r!t!n

y!n) 4e)itu lu!s r!s!ny! s!n)!t sulit t!n! (i4!ntu (en)!n er!l!t!n

y!n) (ise4ut (en)!n instrument.

P!(! su!tu es!"!t ter4!n) %!t! InstrumentG !(!l! su!tu !l!t y!n)

4er8un)si untu% mem4eri%!n (!t! !t!u in8orm!si %e!(! ener4!n)

tent!n) %on(isi %e(u(u%!n si%! (!n !r! es!"!t ter4!n) y!n)

(iy!%ini %e4en!r!nny!.

Instrument !(! es!"!t u(!r! 4ertuu!n untu% mem4!ntu ilot !(!

s!!t tin))!l l!n(!s 9t!%e oH: en)en(!li!n es!"!t (iu(!r!

9m!nouCerin): (!n men(!r!t%!n es!"!t 9l!n(in): (en)!n sel!m!t.

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,!m4!r 1. Ru!n) coc%it es!"!t

D!t! !t!u in8orm!si y!n) (iterim! ener4!n) (!!t 4eru! li)t (en)!nny!l! l!muny! !t!u 4eru! in(i%!tor (en)!n enunu%!n !n)%! !t!u

sim4olny!.

Den)!n enel!s!n terse4ut (i!t!s (!!t (it!ri% en)erti!n 4!"!

instrument (!!t meliuti %omonen li)t (!n !t!u in(i%!tor. Bis!

(i%!t!%!n se4u! in(i%!tor !stil! instrument tet!i instrument ti(!%

!ny! 4eru! in(ic!tor s!!.

Instrumen y!n) (ier)un!%!n (i(!l!m es!"!t !rusl! !l!t*!l!t y!n)

4ermutu (!n memili%i %eteliti!n y!n) tin))i. 5!l ini (i%!ren!%!n%esel!m!t!n ener4!n) !"!% es!"!t enum!n) (!n es!"!tny!

sen(iri seluruny! ter)!ntun) !(! %iner! instrument itu sen(iri.

Be4er!! ersy!r!t!n minimum y!n) !rus (ienui ole se4u!

instrument y!n) ter!s!n) !(! se4u! es!"!t !(!l!

1. 5!rus t!!n ter!(! )et!r!n. Instrument ti(!% 4ole 4er)et!r sel!m!

en)ine 4erut!r (!n !(! s!!t es!"!t t!%eoH m!uun !(! s!!t

l!n(in).

+. 5!rus t!!n %eut!n. Instrument !rus t!!n ter!(! ent!%!n !(!

s!!t l!n(in) !t!u %eti%! t!;yin) (i (!r!t. 5!rus mu(! (i l!%u%!n !ustment. Instrument !rus mu(! (il!%u%!n

enyetel!n (!n er4!i%!n. Ini !rus se)er! (il!%s!n!%!n untu%

men)in(!ri %es!l!!n enunu%%!n.

-. <!rum enunu%%!n 9ointer: !rus 4er)er!% ce!t te!t (!n ten!n).

<!rum enunu%%!n !(! in(i%!tor ti(!% 4ole 4eru4!*u4! "!l!u

%e(u(u%!n (!n osisi es!"!t 4eru4! (!n "!l!uun es!"!t

ter4!n) le4i tin))i (im!n! te%!n!n u(!r! sem!%in 4er%ur!n).

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/. Penunu%%!n !(! s%!l! !rus ter!n). 5!l ini !)!r (!!t (i li!t (!n (i

4!c! (en)!n el!s 4!i% !(! s!!t ter4!n) si!n) m!uun m!l!m

cu!c! 4uru% m!uun 4er%!4ut.

?. Instrument !rus mu(! (ile!s (!n (i!s!n) (i*settin) (!n

u%ur!nny! !rus st!n(!r.

7. Rin)!n (!n t!!n %!r!t 9!nti corrosion: sert! seim4!n) 94!l!nce:.!: M!teri!l J Alluminium Alloy Steel Alloy Pl!stic !n( E4onit.

4: U%ur!n (!n 4entu% sesu!i (en)!n 8un)si m!sin)*m!sin).

B.Klasifkasi Instrument Pesawat

#!l!u menurut %e)un!!n (!n tuu!n instrument es!"!t m!%!

instrument (!!t (i%l!si$%!n 4er(!s!r%!n 8un)siny!. #l!si$%!si 8un)si

instrument !(!l! se4!)!i 4eri%ut

1. En)ine instrument.En)ine Instrument !(!l! su!tu %elomo% instrument y!n) 4er8un)si

mem4eri%!n (!t! !t!u in8orm!si %e!(! ener4!n) tent!n) %on(isi

en)ine !(! %on(isi s!!t itu.

+. Fli)t instrument.

Fli)t Instrument !(!l! su!tu %elomo% instrument y!n) 4er8un)si

mem4eri%!n (!t! !t!u in8orm!si %e!(! ener4!n) tent!n) %on(isi

(!n si%! es!"!t s!!t itu.

. N!Ci)!si instrument.N!Ci)!si Instrument !(!l! su!tu %elomo% instrument y!n)

4er8un)si mem4eri%!n (!t! !t!u in8orm!si %e!(! ener4!n) tent!n)

!r! !t!u n!Ci)!si es!"!t s!!t mel!%s!n!%!n ener4!n)!n.

N!Ci)!si instrument (i)un!%!n untu% %eerlu!n n!Ci)!si es!"!t.

-. Au;illi!ry instrument.

Au;illi!ry instrument u)! (ise4ut se4!)!i miscellineous instrument.

Au;illi!ry instrument !(!l! su!tu %elomo% instrument y!n)

4er8un)si mem4eri%!n (!t! !t!u in8orm!si %e!(! ener4!n) tent!n)

suu se%it!r es!"!t %e!(!!n 8uel "!%tu (!n se4!)!iny!.Instrument y!n) ti(!% term!su% (!l!m %elomo% (i !t!s tet!i

s!n)!t (i4utu%!n %e4er!(!!ny! m!%! term!su% !u;illi!ry

instrument.

&onto instrument y!n) term!su% (!l!m %elomo% Ki)t instrument

!(!l!

1. Airsee( in(ic!torL m!c meter.

+. Altimeter in(ic!tor.

. Vertic!l see( in(ic!tor 9VSI:L r!te o8 clim4 in(ic!tor 9R&I:.

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-. Arti$si!l ori@ont!l in(ic!tor 9A5I:.

/. Turn !n( 4!n% in(ic!tor 9TB:L turn !n( sli in(ic!tor.

,!m4!r +. Fli)t instrument

&onto instrument y!n) term!su% (!l!m %elomo% en)ine instrument

!(!l!

1. RPM in(ic!torL t!cometer in(ic!tor.

+. Fuel Ko" in(ic!torL 8uel Ko" meter.. Fuel ressure in(ic!tor.

-. M!ni8ol( ressure in(ic!torL MAP.

/. il ressure in(ic!tor.

?. il temer!ture in(ic!tor.

7. &!r4ur!tor int!%e !ir temer!ture in(ic!torL &ATI 9untu% iston

en)ine:.

3. &ylin(er e!( temer!ture in(ic!tor 9untu% iston en)ine:.

6. Volt meterL!mere meter.

10. Tur4ine inlet !ir temer!ture in(ic!tor 9untu% et en)ine:.

11. E;!ust )!s temer!ture in(ic!torLE,T.

1+. Meter in(ic!tor 9untu% tur4o roeller en)ine:.

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,!m4!r . En)ine instrument

&onto instrument y!n) term!su% (!l!m %elomo% n!Ci)!tion instrument

!(!l!

1. M!)netic com!ss in(ic!tor.

+. #om!s n!Ci)!siL (irection!l )yroscoic in(ic!tor.

. R!(io m!)netic in(ic!torL RMI.

,!m4!r -. N!Ci)!si Instrument

&onto instrument y!n) term!su% (!l!m %elomo% !u;illi!ry instrument!(!l!

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1. Penunu% outsi(e !ir temer!ture in(ic!tor 9AT.

+. Penunu% cloc% !t!u sto"!tc.

. Penunu% 8uel >u!ntity in(ic!tor.

-. Penunu% l!n(in) )e!rs osition in(ic!tor.

/. Penunu% K!s osition in(ic!tor.

?. Penunu% C!cuum in(ic!tor !t!u suction )!u)e.7. Penunu% !ccelerometer !t!u , meter.

3. Penunu% !n)le o8 !tt!c% !t!u st!ll "!rnin) system.

,!m4!r /. Au;illi!ry instrument

Menurut c!r! %er!ny! instrument es!"!t (!!t (i4!)i men!(i -

9em!t: %elomo% y!itu

1. Mec!nic!l in(ic!tor. Instrument y!n) rinsi %er!ny! 4er(!s!r%!n

sistem )er!%!n me%!ni% y!n) (i)er!%%!n ole !lir!n u(!r! @!t c!ir

!t!uun 4e%er!ny! mesin. &ontony!J !ltimeter ASI VSI ressure

)!u)e suction )!u)e.

+. Electric!l in(ic!tor. Instrument y!n) rinsi %er!ny!

4er(!s!r%!n sistem %elistri%!n es!"!t. &ontony!J &5T E,T

!meremeter Coltmeter.

. ,yroscoic in(ic!tor. Instrument y!n) rinsi %er!ny! 4er(!s!r%!n

sistem erut!r!n !t!u )er!% memut!r (!ri )yro. &ontony!J Turn !n(

4!n% in(ic!tor ,yro ori@on in(ic!tor D,I !utoilot.

.Instrumen Panel Dan !ay"ut

In(i%!tor*in(i%!tor es!"!t u(!r! (item!t%!n !(! su!tu tem!t y!n)

(ise4ut (en)!n n!m! instrument !nel. Instrument P!nel terse4ut

terlet!% (i (!l!m coc%it. Untu% es!"!t*es!"!t y!n) 4er4!(!n le4!r

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(!n 4es!r !(! u)! 4e4er!! in(i%!tor y!n) (i tem!t%!n !(! c!4in

!t!u !ss!n)ers room.

Instrumen !nel !(!l! tem!t %e(u(u%!n !t!u tem!t (im!n!

instrumen*instrumen es!"!t ter4!n) ter!s!n). A(! 4e4er!! tye

enis instrument !nel (ili!t (!ri c!r! enem!t!n osisiny! y!itu J

M!in instrument !nel 9instrumen !nel ut!m!:.

Cere!( instrument !nel 9(i 4!)i!n !t!s:.

At te si(e instrument !nel 9(i 4!)i!n s!min):.

&ontrol e(est!l instrument !nel 9(i !nt!r! tem!t (u(u% ilot (!n

co*ilot:.

Penem!t!n osisi instrument !nel (i !tur se(emi%i!n ru! sein))!

(!!t (i li!t (!n (i 4!c! (en)!n el!s. In(i%!tor*in(i%!tor (!l!m

instrument !nel (i%elomo%%!n sesu!i 8un)siny! untu% memu(!%!n

(!l!m en)!m!t!nny!.

Untu% %eny!m!n!n (!l!m en)!m!t!n terse4ut %ursi tem!t (u(u%

ilot (!n co*ilot (!!t (i sesu!i%!n %e(e!n*4el!%!n) !t!u %e!t!s*

%e4!"!. instrument !nel ter4u!t (!ri 4!!n !lluminium !lloy %!ren!

si8!t*si8!tny! y!n) men)untun)%!n y!itu J

Rin)!n (!n t!!n lentur!n.

#u!t (!n %o%o 9ri)i(:. Ti(!% 4ersi8!t m!)net 9non m!)netic:.

Instrument !nel !rus (i c!t (en)!n "!rn! y!n) ti(!% menyil!u%!n

m!t! mis!lny! "!rn! it!m !t!u !4u*!4u mu(!. Pem!s!n)!n

instrument !nel !(! r!n)%! es!"!t ter4!n) 9(i 4!)i!n coc%it: (!!t

men))un!%!n (u! meto(e y!ituJ

Te K!n)e c!se meto(. P!(! c!r! ini 4!)i!n le%u%!n 9K!n)e: (!ri

instrument !nel (i!s!n) !(! r!n)%! es!"!t (en)!n

men))un!%!n mur 4!ut (!n se%ru. Te cl!m meto( !t!u K!n)eless meto(. P!(! c!r! ini instrument

!nel (i!s!n) !(! r!n)%! es!"!t (en)!n men))un!%!n eneit

9cl!m: y!n) ter(!!t (i4el!%!n) !nel.

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,!m4!r ?. T!mil!n t!t!let!% instrument

D.Illuminati"n System Pa#a In#i$at"r Dan Instrument Panel

P!(! s!!t ener4!n)!n m!l!m !ri !t!u !(! s!!t %on(isi en)li!t!n

9Cisi4ility: s!n)!t 4uru%. D!l!m mener4!n)%!n es!"!t s!n)!t

ter)!ntun) !(! in(i%!torin(i%!tor y!n) ter!s!n)

Untu% (!!t mem4!c! enunu%%!n !(! in(i%!tor sec!r! te!t (!n

teliti ener4!n) !rus memus!t%!n er!ti!nny! sec!r! terus menerus.

5!l ini (!!t menim4ul%!n r!s! leti (!n mem4!!y!%!n %esel!m!t!n

(!l!m ener4!n)!n. Untu% itul! es!"!t ter4!n) (ilen)%!i (en)!nsistem ener!n)!n.

D!l!m sistem ener!n)!n 9illumin!tion systemL li)tin) system:

(i)un!%!n l!mu y!n) sin!rny! 4er"!rn! mer! %!ren! "!rn! mer!

le4i mu(! (iser! ole m!t! (i4!n(in)%!n (en)!n "!rn!*"!rn!

l!inny!.

Ter(!!t ti)! m!c!m enis sistem ener!n)!n !(! es!"!t u(!r!

y!itu J

Fluorescent (i!l m!r%in)s !n( ultr! Ciolet Koo( li)tin).

<enis ini !(!l! y!n) ert!m! %!li (ier)un!%!n (!l!m sistem

ener!n)!n instrumen !(! es!"!t u(!r!. S%!l! enunu%%!n (!n

!n)%!*!n)%! y!n) ter(!!t !(! in(ic!tor (i c!t (en)!n seci!l

Kuorescent comoun( 94!!n c!mur!n !t!u seny!"! y!n) 4eri!r:.

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,!m4!r 7. Di!l m!r%in)s instrument y!n) meny!l!

Pem4eri!n "!rn! terse4ut (im!%su(%!n untu% memerce!t

en!8sir!n em4!c!!n s%!l! enunu%%!n (!n !n)%!*!n)%! !(!

in(ic!tor terse4ut.

Pill!r !n( 4ri()e li)tin).

P!(! sistem ini ti!*ti! in(ic!tor (ilen)%!i (en)!n l!mu*l!mu

tersen(iri se(!n) enyin!r!nny! (i !tur ole se4u! s"itc y!n)

terlet!% !(! 4!)i!n 4!"! !nel.

#onstru%si ill!r li)t !ssem4ly ter(iri (!ri l!mu i!r y!n)

(im!su%%!n %e (!l!m selu4un) 9ousin):. Selu4un) terse4ut(ilen)%!i (en)!n se4u! 4!ut 4erulir sert! (!!t (i!s!n) !(!

r!n)%! c!noy !t!u r!n)%! instrument !nel (en)!n osisi 60.

B!)i!n !t!s selu4un) (i4eri en(el! y!n) (ilen)%!i (en)!n %!c!

4er"!rn! mer!. <i%! l!mu (iny!l!%!n sin!r mer! !%!n

(i!nc!r%!n %e seluru ermu%!!n instrument !nel mel!lui %!c!

4er"!rn! mer! !(! selu4un)ny!

Bri()e li)tin) se4en!rny! !(!l! (u! l!mu y!n) %onstru%siny!

s!m! (en)!n ill!r li)t !ssem4ly tet!i (iu4un)%!n men!(i s!tuole su!tu %er!n)%!

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,!m4!r 3. Pill!r li)t (!n 4ri()e li)tin)

e()e tye li)tin).

e()e tye li)tin) !(!l! sistem ener!n)!n in(i%!tor y!n)

ter(!!t !(! ti!ti! in(i%!tor itu sen(iri. #onstru%siny! ter(iri (!ri

(u! %!c! %usus y!n) 4er4entu% !s!% (im!n! uun) m!sin)*

m!sin) %!c! (i 4u!t 4er4e(! le4!rny! 9uun) y!n) s!tu le4i le4!r(!ri l!inny!:. #e(u! %!c! terse4ut (i temel%!n men!(i s!tu (en)!n

osisi 4erl!"!n!n. Pener!n)!nny! men))un!%!n l!mu ?V (!n (i

let!%%!n (i 4!)i!n !t!s (!ri %!c! y!n) 4eruun) le4!r. &!r!

enyin!r!nny! !(!l! (en)!n mem!ntul%!n sin!r y!n) 4er!s!l (!ri

l!mu %e %!c! in(i%!tor %emu(i!n (!ri %!c! in(i%!tor (i !ntul%!n %e

s%!l! enuu%%!n (i!l ointer.

Sesu!i (en)!n u%um c!!y! (im!n! su(ut (!t!n) (!ri su!tu sin!r

!%!n s!m! (en)!n su(ut !ntulny!. M!%! (en)!n men))un!%!n (u!

4u! %!c! y!n) (i!s!n) sec!r! 4erl!"!n!n !%!n men(!!t%!n!ntul!n sin!r (!ri %!c! %e s%!l! enunu%%!n y!n) mer!t! %e

seluru ermu%!!nny!.

,!m4!r 6. #onstru%si "e()e tye li)tin)

E.Pen%%"l"n%an Instrumen Pa#a Panel

Instrument !nel se4!)!i tem!t em!s!n)!n 4erm!c!m*m!c!m

in(i%!tor es!"!t u(!r! (i%elomo%%!n men!(i 4e4er!! %elomo%

y!itu J

En)ine Instrument )rouin).Pen)elomo%%!n (!ri en)ine instrument ter)!ntun) (!ri %e!(!!n

en)ine itu sen(iri !(! es!"!t ter4!n) 4ermesin )!n(! 9multi

en)ine !ircr!8t: in(ic!torny! !rus (ilen)%!i (en)!n (uli%!t

in(ic!tor sesu!i uml! en)ine*ny!. 9(emi%i!n ul! untu% es!"!t*

es!"!t l!ti (en)!n %ursi (e!n*4el!%!n)L t!n(em se!t:. En)ine

instrument terlet!% (ise4el! %iri (!ri!(! instrument !nel 4!i%

instrument !nel (e!n !t!u 4el!%!n).

Fli)t instrument )rouin).

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Fli)t instrument terlet!% (i4!)i!n !t!s ten)! (!ri instrument !nel.

P!(! Ki)t instrument )rouin) !(! 4e4er!! in(ic!tor y!n)

(i%elomo%%!n (!l!m em!s!n)!nny! !(! !nel instrumen y!itu

Blin( Kyn) !nel !t!u 4!sic si;.

P!(! %elomo% ini !(! ? 4u! in(i%!tor y!n) (i!s!n)%!n sec!r!4erurut!n

,!m4!r 10. T!t!let!% 4!sic si; Ki)t instrument

B!sic T.

P!(! %elomo% ini !(! - 4u! In(ic!tor y!n) men!(i %unci y!n)

(isusun mem4entu% uru8 TG.

,!m4!r 11. T!t!let!% 4!sic T Ki)t instrument

N!Ci)!si instrument )rouin)

N!Ci)!si instrument terlet!% (iten)!*ten)! (!ri!(!

instrument !nel se(!n)%!n untu% AA in(ic!tor (!n in(e;er

li)t 4er!(! !lin) se4el! %iri instrument !nel (!n (!s4o!r(.

Au;illi!ry instrument )rouin)

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Au;illi!ry instrument terlet!% !(! 4!)i!n se4el! %!n!n (!ri!(!

insturment !nel.

F.Tan#a&Tan#a Batas Pa#a Instrumen

Untu% le4i memerce!t en!8sir!n em4!c!!n !n)%!*!n)%! !(!

s%!l! enunu%%!n in(i%!tor (!l!m en)oer!si!nny! erlu (i4eri%!nt!n(!*t!n(! tertentu y!n) 4eru! )!ris*)!ris 4usur (!n )!ris*)!ris r!(i!l

y!n) 4er"!rn!.

,!m4!r 1+. T!n(! "!rn! !(! instrument

!rn!*"!rn! y!n) (iili !nt!r! l!in J uti i!u %unin) (!n mer!.

!rn!*"!rn! terse4ut m!sin)*m!sin) memili%i !rti %usus mis!lny! J

PutiJ !(!l! 4!t!s minimum y!n) (iiin%!n (!l!m en)oer!si!n

5i!uJ !(!l! 4!t!s en)oer!si!n norm!lLnorm!l oer!tin) r!n)e.

#unin)J !(!l! 4!t!s !t!u (!er! erin)!t!nLc!ution oer!tin) r!n)e.

Mer!J !(!l! 4!t!s m!%simumLm!;imum oer!tin) r!n)e.

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BAB ' PRINSIP DASAR PEN(UKURAN PADA INSTRUMENT

A.Prinsi) Dasar Pen%ukuran Ketin%%ian

Atmos$r 4umi 4!)!i%!n selimut te4!l y!n) 4erl!is*l!is (!n

menyelimuti 4umi. Te4!l !tmos$r sen(iri 4elum (i%et!ui sec!r! !sti

tet!i %ir!*%ir! !nt!r! /00 s!m!i 700 n!utic!l mile.

U(!r! y!n) !(! (i !tmos$r ter(iri (!ri 4e4er!! )!s !nt!r! l!in 7/O

Nitro)en sert! +1/O %si)en (!n sis!ny! )!s*)!s y!n) l!in. '!is!n

u(!r! y!n) ter4!"! !%!n memi%ul 4e4!n 4er!t (!ri l!is!n !tmos$r

(i!t!sny! !t!u (en)!n %!t! l!in l!is!n y!n) (i!t!s !%!n mem4e4!ni

l!is!n y!n) (i4!"!ny!. Te%!n!n l!is!n !tmos$r (i !t!sny! ini !%!n

men)!%i4!t%!n te%!n!n !lin) 4es!r ter(!!t !(! l!is!n !lin)4!"!. M!%in %e!t!s te%!n!n !%!n 4er%ur!n). Be)itu ul! %e!(!t!n

u(!r! l!is!n !lin) 4!"! !lin) !(!t sem!%in %e!t!s %e!(!t!n

u(!r!ny! !%!n 4er%ur!n). Te%!n!n (!n %e!(!t!n u(!r! s!n)!t entin)

(!l!m (uni! ener4!n)!n.

P!(! !tmos$r ter(!!t 4e4er!! l!is!n y!itu se4!)!i 4eri%utJ

1. Troosere. '!is!n !lin) 4!"! !(! !tmos$r (im!n! m!nusi!

i(u. P!(! l!is!n ini suu !%!n 4er%ur!n) !(! seti! %etin))i!n

y!itu ti! n!i% 1000 8eet temer!ture turun 163&. '!is!n inimemuny!i 4!t!s !t!s se%it!r /0.000 8eet.

+. Str!tosere. P!(! l!is!n ini suu tet! */?/& (!n menc!!i suu

tertin))i 10&.

. Mesosere. Meru!%!n l!is!n ten)! !(! !tmos8er.

-. Termosere. P!(! l!is!n ini suu 4ert!m4! tin))i (en)!n

4ert!m4!ny! %etin))i!n.

/. Troo!use str!to!use (!n meso!use meru!%!n l!is!n !tmos$r

em4!t!s (!ri!(! l!is!n !t!s (!n l!is!n 4!"!ny!.

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,!m4!r 1. Stru%tur !tmos$r

Te%!n!n u(!r! !%!n sel!u 4eru4!*u4! !(! sei! "!%tu. Peru4!!n

te%!n!n u(!r! ini (ien)!rui ole eru4!!n suu !t!uun %e!(!t!n

9(ensity: u(!r!. Nil!i te%!n!n suu (!n (ensity y!n) 4eru4!*u4!

terse4ut !%!n memersu%!r (!l!m men)itun) %etin))i!n 9!ltitu(e:%ece!t!n (i u(!r! 9!ir see(: (!n %ece!t!n eru4!!n %etin))i!n 9r!te

o8 !ltitu(e: (!ri su!tu es!"!t.

I.&.A.N 9intern!tion!l commission 8or !eri!l n!Ci)!tion: mem4u!t st!n(!r

!tmos8er y!ituJ

1. Te%!n!n !tmos8er r!t!*r!t! !(! ermu%!!n l!ut s!m! (en)!n

101+/ m.4 !t!u +66+1 in5)

+. Suu r!t!*r!t! ermu%!!n l!ut 1/& !t!u /6F

. Suu u(!r! 4er%ur!n) 163& ti! n!i% 1000 8eet (!ri ermu%!!n l!ut1/& s!m!i %etin))i!n ?.036 8eet (en)!n suu */?/&. Di!t!s

%etin))i!n terse4ut suuny! tet! */?/&.

B.Te"ri Pen%ukuran Tekanan

Te%!n!n 9ressure: !(!l! uml! )!y! y!n) ter!(i er s!tu!n

en!m!n). S!tu!n te%!n!n y!n) (ier)un!%!n !(!l! %)Lcm+ .s i.

9oun(s er s>u!re inc: (!n inc 5) 9inc o8 Mercury:.

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Atmos$r 4umi y!n) ter(iri (!ri l!is!n u(!r! memuny!i te%!n!n !(!

ermu%!!n l!ut 9se! leCel: se4es!r +66+ inc 5) !t!u s!m! (en)!n 117

si !t!u l%)Lcm+. Te%!n!n u(!r! !(! se! leCel ini meru!%!n st!n(!r

te%!n!n !tmos$r (!n (i!%!i se4!)!i re8erensi untu% menentu%!n enis*

enis te%!n!n seerti te%!n!n !4solut 9!4solute ressure: )!)e ressure

9te%!n!n )!)e: (!n (iHerenti!l ressure. Te%!n!n sec!r! umum ter(iri!t!s ti)! y!itu

1.Te%!n!n !4solut 9!4solute ressure:

Te%!n!n !4solut !(!l! 4es!rny! te%!n!n y!n) en)u%ur!nny!

(imul!i (!ri nol 9(!l!m %e!(!!n C!cum:. Pen)u%ur!n te%!n!n !4solut

ini (!!t memer)un!%!n 4!rometer mercury !t!uun !neroi(

4!rometer. B!rometer mercury memer)un!%!n se4u! t!4un) %!c!

y!n) s!l! s!tu uun)ny! tertutu r!!t (!n (iisi enu (en)!n

c!ir!n mercury (!n %emu(i!n uun) y!u) ter4u%! (im!su%%!n %e(!l!m )el!s y!n) u)! 4erisi c!ir!n mercury (en)!n osisi te)!%.

&!ir!n mercury (!l!m t!4un) %!c! !%!n turun in))! !(! ru!n)!n

y!n) !m! !(! 4!)i!n !t!s.

D!l!m %e!(!!n (emi%i!n te%!n!n !tmos$r !(! ermu%!!n mercury

(!l!m )el!s !%!n memert!!n%!n osisi mercury !(! t!4un) %!c!

(!l!m %e!!(!!n C!cum 9!m!: (!n (en)!n (emi%i!n ter!(i

eru4!!n tin))i ermu%!!n. Selisi tin))i ermu%!!n ini !!4il!

(iu%ur !(! se! leCel !(!l! +66+ inci (!n ini !(!l! meru!%!n

te%!n!n u(!r! !(! se! leCel.

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,!m4!r 1-. B!rometer mercury

Aneroi( 4!rometer memer)un!%!n %!sul se4!)!i sensin) element

9elemen er!s!: seerti !(! )!m4!r. #!sul ini ter(iri (!ri (u! 4u!

lemen)!n corru)!te( met!l y!n) (i lem men!(i s!tu (im!n!

ru!n)!n 4!)i!n (!l!m ini (i4u!t !m! u(!r! 9C!cum: (!n (i!nt!r!

%e(u! lemen)!n ini (i!s!n)%!n srin) 9er: untu% men)im4!n)i

te%!n!n !tmos$r.

Aneroi( 4!rometer ini 4e%er! !t!s (!s!r eru4!!n te%!n!n !(!

4!)i!n lu!r (!ri %!sul eru4!!n te%!n!n !(! 4!)i!n lu!r (!ri

%!sul !%!n menye4!4%!n en)em4!n)!n !t!u enyusut!n %!sul

%!ren! !(!ny! !%si (!ri srin). !!4il! te%!n!n (ilu!r %!sul

4ert!m4! 4es!r m!%! c!sule ini menyusut in))! te%!n!n (i lu!r

t!(i s!m! 4es!r (en)!n !%si (!ri !(! srin) (!n (emi%i!n u)!

se4!li%ny! !!4il! te%!n!n (i lu!r 4er%ur!n) m!%! srin) !%!nmen(oron) %!sul men)em4!n) in))! men(!!t%!n !%si (!ri

srin) (!n te%!n!n (i lu!r %!sul s!m! 4es!r.

Per)er!%!n %!sul ini (iterus%!n mel!lui leCer (!n me%!nisme )i)i

y!n) !%irny! memut!r%!n ointer untu% mem4eri%!n enunu%%!n

!(! (i!l y!n) (!!t (i %!li4r!si%!n men!(i si !t!uun inc 5).

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,!m4!r 1/. Aneroi( 4!rometer

+.Te%!n!n )!)e 9)!)e ressure:

,!)e ressure !(!l! 4es!rny! te%!n!n (i !t!s te%!n!n st!n(!r

!tmos$r 9se4!)!i titi% nol !(!l! se4es!r te%!n!n !tmos$r !(! se!

leCel:. Se4!)!i conto !!4il! su!tu )!)e ressure in(ic!tor

menunu%%!n te%!n!n se4es!r 10 si m!%! ini 4er!rti menunu%%!n

te%!n!n 10 si (i!t!s te%!n!n st!n(!r !tmos$r !t!u (en)!n %!t! l!in

!!4il! te%!n!n ini %it! u%ur (en)!n !4solut ressure in(ic!tor !%!n

menunu%%!n 10 si 1-7 si !t!u s!m! (en)!n +-7 si.

Untu% mence)! %e%eliru!n em4!c!!n !nt!r! te%!n!n !4solut

(en)!n te%!n!n )!)e m!%! 4i!s!ny! (i4eri%!n t!n(! !(! s!tu!n

te%!n!nny! t!n(! y!n) menunu%%!n te%!n!n !4solut (it!m4!%!n

uru8 Q!Q (i4el!%!n) s!tu!nny! seerti 10 si ! 910 si !4solut: (!n

t!n(! untu% s!tu!n )!)e (en)!n men!m4!%!n uru8 Q)Q (i4el!%!n)

s!tu!n te%!n!nny! seerti 10 si ) 910 si )!)e y!n) 4i!s!ny!

ti(!% (ic!ntum%!n:.

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,!m4!r 1?. ,!u)e ressure

P!(! (!s!rny! te%!n!n )!)e (iu%ur (en)!n !l!n mem4eri%!n

te%!n!n !(! en!m!n) y!n) su(! (itentu%!n (!n men)u%ur

4es!rny! )!y! y!n) ter!(i !%!n tet!i (!l!m en))un!!nny! !(!

instrumen es!"!t ter4!n) te%!n!n y!n) 4es!r (i u%ur (en)!n

memer)un!%!n me%!nisme Bour(on Tu4e 9T!4un) Bour(on: seerti

!(! )!m4!r.

Bour(on tu4e !(!l! su!tu !l!t y!n) ter4u!t (!ri met!l 9lo)!m: y!n)

4!)i!n (!l!mny! 4erlo4!n) (!n memuny!i en!m!n) oC!l

9ellitic!l s!e: y!n) %emu(i!n (i 4en)%o%%!n in))! 4er4entu%

4ul!n s!4it 9cresent moon:. S!l! s!tu uun)ny! ter4u%! untu%

men)u4un)%!n (en)!n sum4er te%!n!n (!n uun) y!n) s!tu l!)i

tertutu (!n (!!t 4er)er!%.Uun) y!n) (!!t 4er)er!% ini

(iu4un)%!n (en)!n leCer sector )e!r (!n ointer. Bes!rny!

er)er!%!n tu4e 9t!4un): ini !%!n menentu%!n 4es!rny! enunu%!n

(!ri te%!n!n. Te%!n!n (i (!l!m 4our(on tu4e 4erus!! untu%

melurus%!n 4entu%ny! y!n) melin)%!r er)er!%!n y!n) %ecil ini

(iterus%!n mel!lui leCer sector )e!r (!n inion untu% memut!r%!n

ointer.

Untu% en)u%ur!n te%!n!n y!n) rel!ti8 ren(! (!!t (ier)un!%!n

c!sule !t!u 4ello"s Te%!n!n y!n) !%!n (iu%ur (im!su%%!n %e

(!l!m 4ello"s (im!n! s!l! s!tu uun)ny! 4e4!s 4er)er!% (!n uun)

l!in ti(!% 4er)er!% 9$;e(:. Te%!n!n y!n) (im!su%%!n %e (!l!m

4ello"s ini !%!n men)!%i4!t%!n er)er!% uun) y!n) 4er)er!% 4e4!s

(!n sel!nutny! (iterus%!n mel!lui leCer sector )e!r (!n inionuntu% memut!r ointer.

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,!m4!r 17. Me%!nisme 4our(on tu4e

.Te%!n!n (i8erensi!l 9(iHerenti!l ressure:

DiHerenti!l ressure !(!l! er4e(!!n !nt!r! (u! te%!n!n.

Per4e(!!n ini erlu (i%et!ui !!4il! !nt!r! %e(u! te%!n!n terse4ut

s!lin) 4er%!it!n seerti !nt!r! te%!n!n (i (!l!m (!n (i lu!r %!4ines!"!t. Per4e(!!n ini (!!t (iu%ur (en)!n memer)un!%!n 4ello"s

!t!uun (en)!n (i!r!)m 9(i!8r!)m! !t!u mem4r!n:.

P!(! )!m4!r menunu%%!n en))un!!n (i!8r!)m! untu% men)u%ur

er4e(!!n te%!n!n (i (!l!m c!4in (!n (i lu!r c!4in.

Di!8r!)m! memis!%!n ru!n)!n te%!n!n men!(i (u! s!l! s!tu

(iu4un)%!n (en)!n te%!n!n %!4in (!n y!n) s!tu l!)i (iu4un)%!n

(en)!n u(!r! lu!r. A!4il! ter!(i er4e(!!n te%!n!n m!%!

(i!8r!)m! ini !%!n 4er)er!% %e !r! te%!n!n y!u) le4i ren(! (!n

4es!rny! )er!%!n ter)!ntun) (!ri 4es!rny! er4e(!!n !nt!r! %e(u!

te%!n!n terse4ut. P!(! ten)!*ten)! (!ri (i!8r!)m! (i!s!n)%!n

leCer untu% men))er!%%!n sector )e!r y!n) sel!nutny! memut!r%!n

ointer (!n mem4eri%!n enunu%!n er4e(!!n te%!n!n !(! (i!l.

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,!m4!r 13. DiHerensi!l ressure

Sistem (!ri !(! ressure instrument 9instrumen te%!n!n: !(!

es!"!t (itin!u (!ri u4un)!n !nt!r! in(i%!tor (!n sum4er te%!n!n

!(! (u! m!c!m y!itu J Direct Re!(in) In(ic!tor 9sistim em4!c!!n

l!n)sun): (!n Remote In(ic!tin) System 9sistem em4!c!!n ti(!%

l!n)sun):.

Direct re!(in) in(i%!tor memuny!i u4un)!n l!n)sun) !nt!r!

in(i%!tor (en)!n sum4er te%!n!n !t!u (en)!n %!t! l!in 4!"!te%!n!n (!ri sistem l!n)sun) %e ln(i%!tor (en)!n me(i! y!n) s!m!

seerti !lny! oil ressure in(i%!tor.

Remote in(ic!tin) system memer)un!%!n tr!nsmitter 9er!nt!r!:

untu% menerus%!n te%!n!n (!ri sistem %e in(i%!tor.

Tr!nsmitter ini 4is! 4eru! &!sule !t!u Di!r!)m! y!n)

(iu4un)%!n (en)!n i! #!iler %e in(i%!tor (im!n! (i (!l!mny! (i

isi (en)!n c!ir!n seerti 5e!t!ne 9!r!n y(roc!r4on: y!n)

(ier)un!%!n se4!)!i me(i! untu% memin(!%!n te%!n!n (!ri

sistem.

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r menunu%%!n en))un!!n c!sule (!n (i!8r!)m! se4!)!i

tr!nsmitter untu% remote in(ic!tin) system.

Disc srin) (i 4!)i!n 4el!%!n) (i!r!)m y!n) 4erus!! mem4!"!

s"itc %e osisi menentu%!n (il!"!n ole elic!l srin) y!n)

ten(ensiny! mem4u%! s"itc. Tensi (!ri elic!l srin) (!!t (i stel

9!(ust!4le: y!n) (im!%su(%!n !)!r su!y! osisi s"itc (!!t

(i!tur (!l!m %e!(!!n tertutu !(! te%!n!n y!n) (iin)in%!n.

,!m4!r 16. #onstru%si (iHerensi!l ressure

.Te"ri Pen%ukuran Su*u

P!n!s !(!l! su!tu 4entu% ener)i y!n) (imili%i 4en(! !%i4!t )er!%!n

mole%ul*mole%ul 4en(! terse4ut. Sem!%in !n!s su!tu 4en(! m!%!

sem!%in 4es!r )et!r!n (!n )er!%!n (!ri mole%ul*mole%ulny!. Bes!rny!

9%u!ntit!s: !n!s y!n) (imili%i su!tu 4en(! ter)!ntun) (!ri 4es!rny!

temer!tur m!ss! 4en(! (!n 4!!n 9m!teri!l: 4en(! itu.

Temer!tur !(!l! su!tu u%ur!n tin)%!t %e!n!s!n !t!u %e(in)in!n

su!tu 4en(! y!n) ti(!% (!!t (iu%ur. Temer!tur (!ri su!tu 4en(! !ny!

(!!t (i4!n(in)%!n (en)!n y!n) l!in (im!n! er4e(!!n itu (!!t(ili!t. M!%! (!ri itu nil!i en)u%ur!n temer!tur !(!l! er4!n(in)!n

(!ri er4e(!!n temer!tur.

Meto(e*meto(e y!n) (i)un!%!n !(! en)u%ur!n temer!ture

(i(!s!r%!n !(! eru4!!n*eru4!!n si8!t 4e4er!! 4en(! ter!(!

!n!s eru4!!n*eru4!!n ini (!!t (isimul%!n se4!)!i 4eri%utJ

1. Ben(! !%!n men)!l!mi emu!i!n 9e;!nsion: !!4il! temer!turny!

4ert!m4! sein))! en)u%ur!n temer!ture 4i!s (i(!!t (en)!n

men)!m4il uml! en)em4!n)!n y!n) s!m! untu% %en!i%!n

temer!ture y!n) s!m!.

++

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



+. Ben(! c!ir!n 9li>ui(s: y!n) !!4il! (in!i%%!n temer!turny!

men)!%i4!t%!n er)er!%!n (!ri mole%ul*mole%ulny! (!n !%!n

meru4! 4entu% (!ri c!ir!n men!(i u!. Pen!m4!!n temer!ture

terse4ut !%!n men)!sil%!n eru4!!n te%!n!n u!.

. Ben(! men)!l!mi eru4!!n t!!n!n listri% !!4il! ter!(i eru4!!n

temer!ture (en)!n (emi%i!n eru4!!n temer!ture (itentu%!n(en)!n eru4!!n t!!n!n.

-. A!4il! !(! (u! met!l y!n) 4er4e(! (is!m4un) !(i s!tu m!%! !%!n

tim4ul )!y! )er!% listri% ter)!ntun) (!ri er4e(!!n temer!ture

!nt!r! %e(u! uun) s!m4un)!nny!.

Tie*tie en)u%ur!n suu ter4!)i (u! y!ituJ

1. Non Electric!l

P!(! tie ini (en)!n 4ere(om!n !(! eru4!!n si8!t su!tu 4en(!

!%i4!t en!m4!!n temer!ture (en)!n men))un!%!n c!ir!n 4en(!!(!t (!n )!s.

!: Pemu!i!n c!ir!n 9e;!nsion o8 ! li>ui(:.

Den)!n men))un!%!n su!tu t!4un) )el!s y!n) memuny!i

lu4!n) %ecil s!tu 4ul4 y!n) cu%u 4es!r !(! uun)ny! y!n) (iisi

(en)!n mercury !t!u !l%ool. &ontony! !(!l! termometer.

4: Pemu!i!n lo)!m 9e;!nsion o8 ! soli(:.

Elemen en)u%ur y!n) (ier)un!%!n !(! c!r! ini !(!l! met!l

stri ter4u!t (!ri (u! lo)!m 9met!l: y!n) 4er4e(! (!n (i l!s

9"el(e(: men!(i s!tu. Met!l stri ini %emu(i!n (iuntir 9t"iste(:

(!n !(! s!tu uun)ny! (i!s!n)%!n ointer (!n uun) s!tuny!

(i!s!n)%!n !(! instrument c!se. A!4il! ter%en! !n!s y!n)

4er4e(! (!ri %etet!!n met!lny! m!%! met!l stri ini men)!l!mi

eru4!!n si8!t 9e;!nsion: y!n) 4er4e(! (!n men)!%i4!t%!n

teruntirny! 9t"ist: met!l stri terse4ut y!n) se%!li)us

men))er!%%!n ointer (!n mem4eri%!n enunu%!n !(! (i!l.

,!m4!r +0. &onto instrument (en)!n met!l t"ist

+

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r +1. &onto enem!t!n instrumen (en)!n 4imet!llic coil

,!m4!r ++. #onstru%si instrument (en)!n 4imet!llic coil

&!r! ini 4!ny!% se%!li (i!%!i !(! instrumen etunu%

temer!tur u(!r! lu!r 9outsi(e !ir temer!tur: y!n) (!!t %it!

li!t (ile%!t%!n !(! "in(siel( !(! %e4!ny!%!n es!"!t %ecil.

+-

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



c:Pemu!i!n )!s 9e;!nsion o8 ! )!s:.

Me(i! y!n) (i!%!i !(!l! (en)!n metyl clori(e 94er4entu% )!s

!(! temer!ture st!n(!r: y!n) (im!su%!n (!l!m su!tu 4ul4

4ul4 ini (i!s!n)%!n !(! temer!ture y!n) !%!n (iu%ur y!n)

teru4un) (en)!n 4our(on tu4e.

Me(i! en)u%ur!n suu y!n) (i!%!i !(!l! metyl clori(e

94er4entu% )!s !(! temer!tur st!n(!r: y!n) (im!su%%!n (!l!m

su!tu 4ul4. Bul4 ini (i!s!n)%!n !(! tem!t (im!n! temer!tur

!%!n (iu%ur. Bul4 (iu4un)%!n %e 4our(on tu4e se4u! i!

%!iler. Peru4!!n temer!tur !(! 4ul4 !%!n men)!%i4!t%!n

emu!i!n )!s sein))! men!i%!n te%!n!n (!l!m 4our(on tu4e.

,!m4!r +. &onto 4ul4 !(! oil tem

Te%!n!n y!n) m!su% %e Bour(on tu4e !%!n men))er!%%!n ointer

(!n mem4eri%!n enunu%%!n !(! (i!l y!n) su(! (i%!li4r!si%!n

men!(i s%!l! temer!tur.

+. Electric!l

P!(! tie ini (en)!n men))un!%!n listri%. Pen))un!!n c!r!*c!r!

listri% !(! (u! m!c!m y!ituJ

!: Peru4!!n t!!n!n

Si8!t*si8!t %elistri%!n su!tu lo)!m 9met!l: seerti u)! !lny!

(imensi $si%ny! 4eru4! (en)!n eru4!!n temer!ture.

Resistor ini !(! umumny! ter4u!t (!ri 4!!n ni%el !t!uun

l!tinum.

,!m4!r (i4!"! menunu%%!n su!tu resistor (i4u!t (!ri %!"!t

ni%el y!n) !lus (i)ulun) !(! inti mic! (i!s!n)%!n !(!

tem!t (im!n! temer!turny! !%!n (iu%ur.

+/

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r +-. Temer!ture 4ul4

Tie*tie temer!ture 4ul4 y!ituJ

1: Stem 9sensitiCe temer!ture 4ul4:+: Ti 9sensitiCe temer!ture 4ul4:

: Flus 9mounte( surCiCe tye temer!ture 4ul4: temer!ture

4ul4 y!n) 4i!s!ny! (i!s!n)%!n !(! s%in es!"!t untu%

men)u%ur temer!ture u(!r! lu!r

,!m4!r +/. Tie*tie temer!ture 4ul4

Ter(!!t (u! (!s!r untu% %!li4r!si (!ri temer!tur 4ul4 (i !t!s

y!itu y!n) s!tu memuny!i t!!n!n /0 m !(! temer!tur

nol (er!!t celcius (!n s!tuny! l!)i (en)!n t!!n!n 603 m

!(! temer!tur nol (er!!t celcius.

In(i%!tor (!ri en)u%ur!n temer!tur (en)!n eru4!!n t!!n!n

9resist!nce tye: ini 4is! men))un!%!n c!r! "e!tstone 4ri()e

in(ic!tor !t!n (en)!n su!tu r!tiometer.

+?

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r +?. 9!: e!tstone 4ri()e 94: R!tiometer

4: Termo electric

Du! 4u! %!"!t (!ri 4!!n y!n) 4er4e(! y!n) (is!m4un)%!n

!(! m!sin)m!sin) uun)ny! (en)!n l!s in))! mem4entu% loo

!%!n men)!sil%!n er4e(!!n te)!n)!n !!4il! ter!(ier4e(!!n temer!ture !nt!r! %e(u! uun) terse4ut m!%! !rus

listri% !%!n men)!lir (!ri uun) y!n) le4i tin))i %e uun) y!n)

le4i ren(! temer!turny! sensin) elemen ini (in!m!%!n

termo%oel.

Bes!rny! te)!n)!n y!n) (i!sil%!n ter)!ntun) (!ri enis lo)!m

y!n) (ier)un!%!n (!n 4es!rny! er4e(!!n temer!tur !(!

%e(u! uun)ny!.

Uun) y!n) (ier)un!%!n se4!)!i temer!tur sensin) (ise4ut ot unction (!n uun) y!n) (iu4un)%!n (en)!n in(i%!tor (ise4ut

col( unction. <enis*enis %om4in!si lo)!m y!n) 4i!s!ny! (i!%!i

untu% tenmo%oel ini !(!l! 4!!n (!ri coer – const!nt!n (!n

4!!n cromel – !lumel.

(r"u)

Metals an#

$"m)"sitti"n

Ma+imum

Tem)eratur,

-"ntinu"u

s

A)li$ati"nP"siti/e

wire

Ne%ati/e

0ire

Base

metal

&oer 9&u: &onst!nt!n9Ni -0O?0O:

-00 &ylin(er*e!(temer!tureme!surement

Iron 9Fe: &onst!nt!n9Ni -0O?0O:

3/0

&romel9 Ni60O &r10O:

Alumel9Ni60OAl+O: Si Mn

1100 E;!ust*)!stemer!tureme!surement

+7

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Rate

metal

Pl!tinum9Pt:

Ro(ium –l!tinum 9R1O Pt37O:

1-00 Not utili@e(in!ircr!8ttemer!turein(ic!tin) system

Termo%oel enis coer – const!nt!n !(! m!s! y!n) l!lu

(i!%!i untu% men)u%ur temer!tur %e!l! silin(er (!ri motor

iston !%!n tet!i (e"!s! ini !r!n) (i!%!i %!ren!%em!mu!nny! ter4!t!s !(! temer!tur y!n) rel!ti8 ren(! (!n

(en)!n (i%etemu%!nny! iron %onst!nt!n y!n) memuny!i

%em!mu!n le4i tin))i se4!)!i en))!nti coer – const!nt!n

untu% en)u%ur!n temer!tur %e!l! silin(er. &rom*!lumel

memuny!i %em!mu!n y!n) le4i tin))i (!ri %e(u! enis

termo%oel (i !t!s (!n (i)un!%!n !l!t en)u%ur temer!tur

e;!ust )!s (!ri motor tur4in !t!u t!il ie temer!tur u)!

(!!t (i)un!%!n !(! motor iston untu% temer!tur e;!ust )!s

(!n tur4in inlet temer!tur (!ri e;!ust (riCen tur4o c!r)er.

Termo%oel y!n) (i!%!i !(! es!"!t u(!r! ter4!)i men!(i

(u! tie y!ituJ

1: Sur8!ce cont!ct. Di(es!in untu% en)u%ur!n temer!ture (!ri

%omonen y!n) soli( (!n (i!%!i se4!)!i elemen sensor

temer!ture !(! %e!l! silin(er. Termo%oel tie ini

4er4!!n coer*iron. Sur8!ce cont!ct 4er4entu% soe y!n)

(i!s!n) (en)!n memer)un!%!n 4!ut !(! 4!)i!n e!(

cylin(er !(! 4!)i!n y!n) !lin) !n!s !t!u 4er4entu%"!ser y!n) (!!t (i!s!n)%!n !(! 4usi.

+: Immersion. Di(es!in untu% en)u%ur!n temer!ture )!s (!n

(i!%!i se4!)!i elemen sensor temer!ture )!s !(! motor

tur4in. Termo%oel tie ini 4er4!!n crom*!lumel.

Se(!n)%!n untu% %!4el*%!4elny! (i4un)%us (en)!n isol!si

%er!mi% (item!t%!n met!l rotection se!t y!n) 4er4entu%

ro4e. Pro4e termo%oel ini (i 4en!m%!n %e (!l!m !lir!n )!s

9)!s stre!m: !(! tem!t*tem!t y!n) (itentu%!n.

+3

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS


– V 1.0Electronic Instrument System

,!m4!r +7. Prinsi termoele%tri%

BAB PIT2T STATI S3STEM

Pitot st!tic system !(!l! s!l! s!tu system y!n) !%!n sel!lu 4!)i!n (!ri

su!tu es!"!t u(!r! mul!i (!ri es!"!t y!n) se(er!n! 9%ecil: s!m!i

es!"!t y!n) 4es!r !t!u mo(ern. Pen)erti!n !%!n (!s!r*(!s!r 4e%er!ny!

system ini s!n)!t entin) untu% seor!n) !li te%ni% es!"!t u(!r!

terut!m! (!l!m menc!ri se4!4*se4!4 %erus!%!n y!n) ter!(i !(! system

ini. #e%ur!n)!n men)erti!n !%!n c!r!*c!r! 4e%er! (!ri itot st!tic system

!%!n (!!t men)!%i4!t%!n %esulit!n (!l!m mel!%u%!n er!"!t!n !t!u

er4!i%!n.

+6

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r +3. Sistem itot

,!m4!r Menunu%!n (i!)r!m (!ri su!tu (!s!r system itot st!tic itot

st!tic tu4e (iu4un)%!n (en)!n !ir see( in(ic!tor !ltimeter Certic!l see(

in(ic!tor ole itot line (!n st!tic line y!n) (ilen)%!i (en)!n (r!in y!n)

4er8un)si untu% mem4u!n) %otor!n y!n) !(! !(! itot line m!uun st!tic

line.

Sistem Pitot st!ti% ter(iri (!riJ

Pitot tu4e

St!ti% Vent

Air see( in(ic!tor

Vertic!l see( in(ic!tor

Altimeter

M!cmeter 9!ny! ter(!!t !(! es!"!t et:

A.Pit"t Tu4e Atau Pit"t 5ea#

#!t! itot 4er!s!l (!ri enemuny! seor!n) 4er%e4!n)s!!n er!ncis y!n)

4ern!m! 5enry Pitot. Pitot tu4e (ise4ut u)! itot e!( !t!u ressure

e!(. <enis*enis te%!n!n u(!r! y!n) !(! !(! itot e!( !(!l! J

Din!mic PressureJ (ise4ut u)! itot ressure r!m ressure im!ctressure

St!tic ressureJ (ise4ut u)! !m4ient ressure !tmoseric

ressure

,!m4!r +6. #onstru%si itot e!(

P!(! %onstru%si (!l!m itot e!( ter(!!t lu4!n) (i4!)i!n (e!n y!n)

men)!(! l!n)sun) !r! !lir!n u(!r! y!n) !%!n men)!sil%!n itot

ressure (!n ter(!!t u)! lu4!n) st!tic y!itu lo4!n) y!n) !%!n

0

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



men)!sil%!n te%!n!n st!tic. 'u4!n) st!tic ini 4er!(! (i4!)i!n s!min)

(!ri !(! itot e!( (!n ti(!% men)!(! l!n)sun) !r! !lir!n u(!r!.

P!(! 4!)i!n itot e!( u)! (ilen)%!i (en)!n !l!t em!n!s 9e!tin)

element: y!n) 4er8un)si untu% men)il!n)%!n es (i se%elilin) itot e!(

sein))! lu4!n)*lu4!n) y!n) !(! ti(!% tertutu es. D!l!m itot e!(

u)! (ilen)%!i (en)!n "!ter tr! untu% mence)! m!su%ny! !ir %e

(!l!m sistem itot. Bentu% itot e!( (isesu!i%!n (en)!n (im!n! itote!( terse4ut !%!n (i!s!n).

,!m4!r 0. Pitot e!(

B.Stati$ 6ents

Se4elum ter4!n) ener4!n) !rus memeri%s! st!tic Cent. 'u4!n) ini

!rus sel!lu ter4u%!. Bil! st!tic ole tertutu !t!u tersum4et %!ren!

sesu!tu !l m!%! er!n)%!t instrument !ltimeter (!n Certic!l see(

in(ic!tor ti(!% 4er8un)si. Untu% itu ener4!n) !rus memili sum4er

te%!n!n !ltern!te st!tic source.

,!m4!r 1. St!tic Cent

Bil! st!tic ressure !t!u !tmoseric ressure (i(!!t mel!lui lu4!n)

st!tic ole y!n) !(! !(! itot e!( m!%! !%!n !(! u(!r! 4erte%!n!n

y!n) m!su% mel!lui lu4!n) st!tic ole terse4ut. 5!l ini !%!n

1

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



men)!%i4!t%!n %es!l!!n (!l!m en)u%ur!n %!ren! u(!r! 4erte%!n!n

y!n) m!su% 4u%!n murniny! st!tic ressure.

,!m4!r +. St!tic line

Untu% men)in(!ri !l terse4ut st!tic oles ti(!% l!)i 4er!(! !(! itot

e!(. Mel!in%!n (iis!%!n (!n umumny! 4er!(! !(! 8usel!)e. St!tic

oles y!n) ter(!!t !(! 8usel!)e (ise4ut se4!)!i st!tic Cent. &!r!

untu% memerole te%!n!n !tmos$r (en)!n men))un!%!n st!tic Cent

!u le4i 4!i% !silny! (i4!n(in)%!n men))un!%!n st!tic ole y!n)

ter(!!t !(! itot e!(. St!tic Cent !(! es!"!t umumny! ter4entu%

(!ri met!l Cent l!te.

.Sistem Pemanas Pa#a Pit"t 5ea#

Pitot e!( (ilen)%!i !l!t em!n!s 9itot e!ter: y!n) ter4u!t (!ri

elemen em!n!s y!n) (ilet!%!n (i4!)i!n (!l!m (!ri i! itot.

Fun)siny! !(!l! untu% mence)! tertutuny! lu4!n)*lu4!n) i! itot

!%i4!t (!ri em4entu%!n es.

+

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r . Pitor e!ter

P!(! enunu%!n in(ic!tor i%! e!ter 4e%er! norm!l m!%! l!mu

in(ic!tor 4er"!rn! !m4er !%!n meny!l! i%! itot e!ter ti(!% 4e%er!

m!%! l!mu in(ic!tor 4er"!rn! mer! y!n) meny!l!.

D.ara Penem)atan Pit"t Tu4e Dan Stati$ P"rt

Pitot*e!( !t!uitot tu4e ini sel!lu (ilet!%%!n (i 4!)i!n lu!r es!"!t (i

m!n! u(!r! men)!lir (en)!n ten!n) 4e4!s (!ri )!n))u!n !lir!n u(!r!

9!ir Ko" (istur4!nces: mis!l%!nJ te%!n!n u(!r! y!n) (ise4!4%!n ole

ut!r!n 4!lin)*4!lin). Ini 4ertuu!n !)!r u(!r! y!n) m!su% mel!luilu4!n) y!n) ter(!!t !(! itot e!( (!n te%!n!n (in!mis m!uun

te%!n!n st!tis m!si murni nil!iny!. Artiny! u(!r! (en)!n

te%!n!nte%!n!n y!n) (ise4!4%!n ole 4!)i!n*4!)i!n l!in (!ri 4!(!n

es!"!t ti(!% i%ut m!su% %e (!l!m lu4!n)*lu4!n) itot e!(.

,!m4!r -. Penem!t!n itot !(! es!"!t

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Pitot e!( ini 4i!s!ny! (i!s!n) (i 4!)i!n 4!"! s!y! !t!u (i (e!n

s!y! 9le!(in) e()e:. P!(! es!"!t*es!"!t et %!(!n) (i!s!n) (i

4!)i!n 8usel!)e nose section (i !t!s Certic!l st!4ili@er 9$n:. Pitot e!(

!rus (i!s!n) se!!r (en)!n oros lon)itu(in!l es!"!t (en)!n

lu4!n)ny! men)!(! %e(e!n !t!u %e!r! (!ri m!n! u(!r! (!t!n)

men)!lir.

Se(!n)%!n st!tic Cent 9lu4!n) st!tis: (i!s!n) !(! 4!)i!n s!min)

4!(!n es!"!t 98usel!)e s%in: !l ini untu% memer%ecil !(!ny!

te%!n!n (in!mis y!n) (ise4!4%!n )er!%!n y!"in) (!ri es!"!t.

E.Skema Pit"t System Pa#a AD Dan DAD

Untu% es!"!t y!n) le4i 4es!r (en)!n er8orm! tin))i system itot

st!tic !%!n le4i rumit.

-

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r /. S%em! itot system st!tic

Pes!"!t y!n) ter4!n) !(! %etin))i!n tertentu (i m!n! suu 4is!

mele4ii */0 F m!%! !%!n 4eren)!ru !(! te%!n!n u(!r! y!n)

m!su% %e itot tu4e. P!(! %etin))i!n ini !lir!n u(!r! (i se%it!r es!"!t

!%!n ti(!% st!4il (!n 4eru4!*u4!. 5!l ini men)!%i4!t%!n st!tic

ressure !(! itot tu4e !%!n ti(!% %onst!nt.

/

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r ?. AD& Tele(yne 6000-TAS

St!tic ressure y!n) ti(!% %onst!nt !%!n mem4u!t enunu%!n ointer

instrumen men!(i ti(!% !%ur!t. Untu% men)!t!si !l itu instrumen

!n!lo) !%!n (iu4un)%!n (en)!n er!n)%!t Air D!t! &omuter 9AD&:.

Per!n)%!t AD& ini 4er8un)si untu% men)en(!li%!n su!tu sistem

instrument. utut er!n)%!t AD& 4eru! listri% y!n) 4er)un! untu%

men))er!%%!n motor serCo !t!u (i)un!%!n se4!)!i inut (!l!m sistem

4erte%!n!n unit %ontrol ener4!n)!n (!n sistem l!inny!.

Sel!in er!n)%!t AD& !(! u)! er!n)%!t Di)it!l Air D!t! &omuter9DAD&:. Per!n)%!t DAD& (i)un!%!n !(! es!"!t mo(ern. Inut (!n

ootut (!ri DAD& !(!l! siny!l (i)it!l. DAD& ini men)ol! (!t! (!ri

tr!ns(userL sensor instrument. utut tr!ns(userL sensor instrument

!n!lo) (i %onCersi men!(i siny!l (i)it!l. #onCersi siny!l %e (!t! (i)it!l

ini untu% memu(!%!n %omuter (!l!m men)ol! (!n men!mil%!n

in8orm!si y!n) le4i !%ur!t. Untu% men)%onCersi siny!l !n!lo) !(!

instrument men!(i siny!l (i)it!l men))un!%!n er!n)%!t An!lo) to

Di)it!l &onCerter sec!r! teris!.

?

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r 7. 5!sil roses DAD& (it!mil!n (!l!m l!y!r instrument

5!sil ol!!n (!t! instrument DAD& !%!n (it!mil%!n !(! l!y!r coc%it

ilot men))un!%!n 4us (!t! (i)it!l. Pen))un!!n AD& (!n DAD& ini !%!n

memermu(!%!n ilot (!l!m mener4!n)%!n es!"!t (!n

menye(er!n!%!n sistem instrument es!"!t.

7

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r 3. S%em! DAD&

BAB 7 EN(INE INSTRUMENT

En)ine Instrumen !(!l! su!tu %elomo% instrument y!n) 4er8un)si untu%

mem4eri%!n (!t! !t!u in8orm!si %e!(! !"!% es!"!tL ener4!n) tent!n)

%on(isi en)ine !(! %on(isi s!!t itu. Be4er!! instrumen es!"!t u(!r!

y!n) term!su% en)ine instrumen !(!l!J

3

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



il Pressure In(ic!tor

Fuel Pressure In(ic!tor

5i(r!ulic Pressure In(ic!tor

M!ni8ol( Pressure In(ic!tor

Pressure s"itc

il Temer!ture In(ic!tor &ylin(er 5e!( Temer!ture

In(ic!tor

E;!ust ,!s Temer!ture

In(ic!tor

9E,T :

T!cometer In(ic!tor

Fuel =u!ntity In(ic!tin)

System

Fuel Flo" In(ic!tor

Tor>ue Meter In(ic!tor

A.2il Pressure In#i$at"r

il ressure in(ic!tor (ierlu%!n untu% men)et!ui 4es!rny! te%!n!n oli

y!n) (i)un!%!n untu% melum!si 4e!rin)s (!n 4!)i!n*4!)i!n en)ine

y!n) 4er)er!%. S%!l! enunu%%!n !(! in(i%!tor men))un!%!n s!tu!n

Poun(s Per S>u!re IncLPSI (!n !(! u)! y!n) men))un!%!n s!tu!n

#)Lcm+.

,!m4!r 6. il ressure in(ic!tor

Pen)u%ur!n te%!n!n oli (il!%u%!n (en)!n men))un!%!n 4our(on tu4e

y!n) (iu4un)%!n (en)!n i! %ecil ter4u!t (!ri lo)!m.

6

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r -0. S%em! me%!ni% oil ressure in(ic!tor

B.Fuel Pressure In#i$at"r

Fuel ressure in(ic!tor (ierlu%!n untu% mem4eri%!n erin)!t!n !(!ny!

%e)!)!l!n oer!si en)ine !%i4!t %erus!%!n !(! sistem 4!!n 4!%!r

mem4eri enunu%!n 4!"! 8uel men)!lir %e (!l!m sistem (en)!n

te%!n!n const!nt (!n u)! untu% mem4eri%!n t!n(! !(!ny! )!n))u!n

!(! sistem !lir!n 8uel y!n) m!su% %e en)ine.

,!m4!r -1. Fuel ressure in(ic!tor

Sistem me%!nis 8uel ressure in(ic!tor men))un!%!n ressure

(iHerenti!l instrument. D!l!m ressure (iHerenti!l !(! 8uel ressure

in(ic!tor ter(!!t 4our(on tu4e !t!u 4ello"s. Penunu%!n !rum ointer

-0

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



!(! (i!l meru!%!n er4e(!!n te%!n!n (!l!m sistem 4!!n 4!%!r

(en)!n te%!n!n !tmos$r !(! ti! %etin))i!n.

Pen)!li%!si!n 8uel ressure in(ic!tor !(! es!"!t y!n) 4er*en)ine

le4i (!ri s!tu m!%! sistem te%!n!nny! (i )!4un) men!(i s!tu.

Me%!nisme untu% m!sin)*m!sin) en)ine (i 4u!t teris!. M!sin)*m!sin)

8uel ressure in(ic!tor en)ine memuny!i 4our(one tu4e (!n

enunu%!n !rum ointer !(! (i!l.

Pen))!4un)!n sistem te%!n!n ini 4ertuu!n untu% men)ur!n)i 4er!t

instrumen sec!r! %eseluru!n (!n u)! untu% men)em!t tem!t (!l!m

coc%it. S%!l! enunu%%!n te%!n!n !(! In(ic!tor men))un!%!n s!tu!n

Poun(s Per S>ure IncLPSI. Bi!s!ny! (ier)un!%!n !(! es!"!t y!n)

memuny!i en)ine le4i (!ri s!tu.

.5i#rauli$ Pressure In#i$at"r

5i(r!ulic ressure in(ic!tor (ierlu%!n untu% mem4eri%!n enunu%!n!(! sistem y(r!ulic. Me%!nisme %er!ny! (i!%!i untu% men!i%%!n (!n

menurun%!n l!n(in) )e!r !t!u K! (!n 4r!%es !(! %e4!ny!%!n

es!"!t.

Me%!nisme %er!ny! (il!%u%!n (en)!n men))un!%!n 4our(on tu4e (!n

%em!mu!n enunu%!n te%!n!n 4is! menc!!i +000 Psi. Sel!in

men))un!%!n 4our(one tu4e u)! 4is! u)! men))un!%!n sensor

te%!n!n ele%tri% y!n) (i!s!n) !(! sistem i(roli%. Sensor ini (i !s!n)

!(! te%!n!n y!n) !%!n (iu%ur. Sel!nutny! 4es!r!n te%!n!n (i%onCersi

men!(i 4es!r!n listri% (!n (il!nut%!n %e coc%it untu% enunu%!n (i!lointer i(r!ulic ressure in(ic!tor.

,!m4!r -+. Sensor te%!n!n ele%tri% !(! i(r!ulic system

-1

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Sum4er te%!n!n untu% sistem ini (i!sil%!n (!ri om! i(roli% y!n)

(iut!r ole en)ine !t!u (iut!r ole su!tu motor listri%. In(i%!tor !(!

sistem ini !ny! 4e%er! sel!m! sistem i(roli% (i)un!%!n.

D.Mani8"l# Pressure In#i$at"r

M!ni8ol( ressure in(ic!tor (i)un!%!n !(! es!"!t y!n) men))un!%!n

iston en)ine. D!l!m iston en)ine c!mur!n 8uel (!n u(!r! (!l!mcom4usion c!m4er s!n)!t memen)!rui ten!)! en)ine.

M!ni8ol( ressure in(ic!tor (i)un!%!n untu% men)et!ui 4es!rny!

te%!n!n !4solute (!l!m int!%e m!ni8ol( se4elum int!%e C!lCe. In(ic!tor

ini s!n)!t entin) !(! es!"!t ter4!n) y!n) men))un!%!n iston

en)ine %!ren! ten!)! y!n) (i!sil%!n ole mesin !%!n se4!n(in)

(en)!n 4!ny!%ny! c!mur!n !nt!r! u(!r! (!n 4!!n 4!%!r untu%

em4!%!r!n. S%!l! enunu%%!n !(! m!ni8ol( ressure in(ic!tor

men))un!%!n s!tu!n Inc 5).

,!m4!r -. S%em! %onstru%si m!ni8ol( ressure in(ic!tor

D!l!m s%em! %onstru%si m!ni8ol( ressure in(ic!tor. ini ter(iri (!ri

!neroi( c!sule (!n lin%!)e 94!t!n) en)u4un): untu% menerus%!n

)er!%!n (!ri c!sule %e !rum enunu%!n (i!l ointer.

Te%!n!n m!ni8ol( m!su% %e c!sule mel!lui (!min) tu4e 9t!4un)

ere(!m: y!n) ter(iri (!ri i! %!iler (en)!n 4entu% melin)%!r !(!

4!)i!n 4el!%!n) rum! instrumen. D!min) tu4e ini 4er)un! se4!)!i

en)!m!n y!itu untu% mence)! %erus!%!n instrumen !%i4!t ter!(iny!

4!c% $rin) !(! en)ine.

Sel!m! en)ine ti(!% 4erut!r m!ni8ol( ressure in(ic!tor mem4eri%!n

enunu%!n te%!n!n 4!rometer setem!t. A!4il! en)ine 4erut!r i(lin)

m!%! te%!n!n !(! m!ni8ol( le4i ren(! (!ri te%!n!n 4!rometer

setem!t 9%ir!*%ir! 1+ s!m!i 1/ inc 5):.

-+

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



#erus!%!n m!ni8ol( ressure in(ic!tor 4i!s!ny! ter!(i !(!

me%!nismeny! y!n) !t! 4en)%o% (s4 9ointer ti(!% 4is! 4er)er!%:

sein))! !rus (i)!nti (en)!n instrumen y!n) m!si 4!i%.

,er!%!n (!ri %!sul 9!%i4!t !(!ny! te%!n!n m!ni8ol( y!n) m!su%: !%!n

men))er!%%!n 4!t!n) en)u4un) (!n sel!nutny! !%!n men))er!%%!n

!rum enunu%%!nLPointer !(! In(ic!tor. P!(! s!!t mesin 4e%er! !(!

ut!r!n ren(!LI(le RPM enunu%%!n In(ic!tor le4i ren(! (!rite%!n!n u(!r! setem!t 9%ir!*%ir! 1+*1/ Inc 5):.

E.Pressure Swit$*

Pressure s"itc (ierlu%!n untu% men(ete%si !!4il! ter!(i te%!n!n

(!l!m sistem terl!lu ren(! !t!u terl!lu tin))i. A!4il! ter!(i te%!n!n

y!n) terl!lu ren(! !t!u terl!lu tin))i m!%! ressure s"itc !%!n

mem4eri%!n erin)!t!n. In(i%!si (!ri erin)!t!n terse4ut !(!l! 4eru!

l!mu (!n su!r! y!n) 4i!s!ny! (item!t%!n !(! instrumen !nel

(!l!m coc%it.

,!m4!r --. Pressure s"itc

&!r! %er! me%!ni ressure s"itc (i)er!%%!n ole te%!n!n. Te%!n!n ini

!%!n men))er!%%!n %ont!% s"itc ele%tri% y!n) !(! (i (!l!m ressures"itc. Pressure s"itc (!!t 4e%er! !%i4!t !(!ny! te%!n!n !(!

ressure inlet y!n) le4i tin))i (!ri !(! !tmoseric ressure.

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r -/. #onstru%si me%!ni% ressure s"itc

F.2il Tem)erature In#i$at"r

il temer!ture in(ic!tor (ierlu%!n untu% men)et!ui temer!tur oil

y!n) (i)un!%!n untu% melum!si en)ine. Sistem enunu%!n oli ter(iri

(!ri resist!nsi sensin) element 9temer!ture ro4e: in(i%!tor (!n %!4el*

%!4el 9"ires: untu% men)u4un)%!n ro4e (en)!n in(i%!torny!.

,!m4!r -?. il temer!ture in(ic!tor

Seti! en)ine 9untu% multi en)ine: memuny!i sistem enunu%%!n oil

temer!ture. Resist!nce sensin) element 9temer!ture ro4e:

(item!t%!n !(! s!lur!n i! outlet oil ressure um. Temer!ture

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



ro4e ini ter(iri (!ri se4u! resistor y!n) sensiti8 ter!(! eru4!!n

suu oil temer!ture.

,!m4!r -7. Sensin) ro4e

#en!i%!n !t!u enurun!n suu oil temer!ture !%!n menye4!4%!n nil!i

t!!n!n (!ri resistor 4eru4!. Resistor !(! temer!ture ro4e ini

(iu4un)%!n %esu!tu r!n)%!i!n ele%troni% 4ri()e circuit. <!rum

enunu%!n (i!l ointer !%!n 4er)er!% 4il! ter(!!t %eti(!%seim4!n)!n

t!!n!n (!l!n 4ri()e circuit.

,!m4!r -3. S%em! electric oil temer!ture in(ic!tor

Peru4!!n t!!n!n !(! temer!ture ro4e !%!n men)!%i4!t%!n

%eseim4!n)!n !(! 4ri()e circuit 4eru4!. Sein))! !rus listri% y!n)

men)!lir (!n %!%i m!sin)*m!sin) t!!n!n 4ri()e circuit !%!n 4eru4!.

-/

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Peru4!!n !rus listri% !(! 4ri()e circuit memen)!rui er!%!n (eKe%si

me(!n m!)net !(! moCin) coil y!n) teru4un) (en)!n ointer. S%!l!

enunu%!n !rum ointer y!n) su(! (i%!li4r!si 4er%is!r !nt!r! +/& *

1/0&.

,!m4!r -6. S%em! 4ri()e circuit oil temer!ture in(ic!tor

(.ylin#er 5ea# Tem)erature In#i$at"r -5T

&ylin(er e!( temer!ture in(ic!tor (ierlu%!n untu% men)et!ui

temer!ture cylin(er e!( !t!u 4!rrel !(! en)ine en)ine y!n)

4eren(in)in u(!r!. &ylin(er e!( temer!ture in(ic!tor ter(iri (!ri

se4u! in(i%!tor termo%oel (!n termo%oel le!(s 9%!4el

termo%oel:. Termo%oel (i!s!n) !(! m!ster cylin(er untu% r!(i!l

en)ines !t!u !(! 4!)i!n cylin(er e!( y!n) men(!!t en(in)in!n!lin) se(i%it.

,!m4!r /0. &ylin(er 5e!( Temer!ture in(ic!tor

-?

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Termo%oel ini ter(iri (!ri (u! 4u! %!"!t (!ri 4!!n y!n) 4er4e(!

y!n) (is!m4un)%!n !(! m!sin) – m!sin) uun)ny! (en)!n l!s in))!

mem4entu% loo !%!n men)!sil%!n er4e(!!n te)!n)!n !!4il! ter!(i

er4e(!!n temer!tur !nt!r! %e(u! uun) terse4ut. D!l!m er4e(!!n

temer!tur terse4ut ter(!!t !lir!n !rus listri% (!ri uun) y!n) le4i

tin))i temer!turny! %e uun) y!n) le4i ren(! temer!luruy!. Sensin)

elemen ini (ise4ut termo%oel.

Bes!rny! te)!n)!n y!n) (i!sil%!n ter)!ntun) (!ri enis lo)!m y!n)

(ir)un!%!n (!n 4es!rny! er4e(!!n temer!tur !(! %e(u! uun)ny!.

Uun) %!"!t y!n) (ier)un!%!n se4!)!i temer!tur sensin) (ise4ut ot

unction (!n uun) y!n) (iu4un)%!n (en)!n in(i%!tor (ise4ut col(

unction. <enis*enis %om4in!si lo)!m y!n) 4i!s!ny! (i!%!i untu%

termo%oel ini !(!l! 4!!n (!ri coer – const!nt!n (!n 4!!n cromel

– !lumel.

,!m4!r /1. S%em! cylin(er e!( temer!ture in(ic!tor

Termocoule le!(s ini memuny!i !n!n) y!n) st!n(!r y!itu 1/ 8eet

+/ 8eet (!n 0 8eet (!n m!sin)*m!sin) memuny!i st!n(!r t!!n!nse4es!r + m. Untu% men(!!t%!n t!!n!n y!n) ser!)!m (en)!n

!n!n) y!n) 4er4e(! m!%! (i!%!i %!4el y!n) u%ur!nny! 4er4e(! ul!

y!itu untu% le!( 1/ 8eet (ier)un!%!n %!"!t 9"ire: no. 1? le!( +/ 8eet

memer)un!%!n no. 1- (!n untu% y!n) / 8eet (i)un!%!n no. 1+.

Pen)!m!t!n sec!r! teliti (!n !%ur!t ter!(! In(ic!tor ini s!n)!t

(ierlu%!n %!ren! !!4il! temer!ture !(! e!( cylin(er terl!lu tin))i

(!!t menye4!4%!n ter!(iny! em4!%!r!n (!l!m com4usion c!m4er

ti(!% semurn! 9(ise4ut Deton!si:. 5!l ini !%!n men)ur!n)i ten!)! y!n)

(i!sil%!n ole mesin (!n mem4!!y!%!n %esel!m!t!n ener4!n)!n.

-7

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Untu% men(!!t%!n enunu%!n temer!tur y!n) se4en!rny! m!%!

erlu (ier4!n(in)%!n ter!(! eru4!!n temer!tur !(! col(

unction. &!r! men)!t!siny! (en)!n men))un!%!n 4imet!llic sir!l

srin). Uun) lu!r (!ri 4imet!llic sir!l srin) (i!s!n)%!n !(! s!l!

s!tu control srin) (!ri in(i%!tor. Den)!n (emi%i!n in(i%!tor ini ti(!%

!ny! (i)er!%%!n ole Colt!)e (!ri termo%oel !%!n tet!i u)! ole

temer!tur se%elilin) in(i%!tor itu sen(iri.

,!m4!r /+. &!r! em!s!n)!n termo%oel

,!m4!r /. Pro4e cylin(er e!( temer!ture

-3

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Pem!s!n)!n termo%oel untu% cylin(er e!( temer!ture in(ic!tor

!(!l! !(! s!r%*lu) 94usi: y!n) (ise4ut )!s%et tye termocoule

!t!u (im!su%%!n (!l!m lu4!n) tersen(iri !(! cylin(er e!( untu%

4!yonet tye termo%oel

5.E+*aust (as Tem)erature In#i$at"r -E(T

E,T (i)un!%!n untu% men)et!ui temer!ture )!s 4u!n) !(! en)ine.

E,T meru!%!n in(i%!tor 8!ctor y!n) %ritis (!l!m en)oer!si!n mesin

es!"!t ter4!n). A!4il! E,T n!i% mele4ii 4!t!s y!n) (itentu%!n

(!!t menye4!4%!n %erus!%!n !(! %omonen mesin. Pen)u%ur!n E,T

(il!%u%!n (en)!n melet!%%!n sensor temer!tur !(! 4!)i!n tur4in

outlet temer!ture 9TT: !t!u en)u%ur!n E,T (!!t (il!%u%!n !(!

tur4in inlet temet!rure 9TIT:.

,!m4!r /-. Termo%oel E,T

Sistim enunu%!n E,T y!n) (i!%!i umumny! !(!l! TT. 5!l ini%!ren! sistim TIT memuny!i %eru)i!n*%eru)i!n seerti uml!

termo%oel y!n) (i4utu%!n le4i 4!ny!% (!n temer!tur se%elilin) (i

m!n! termo%oel terse4ut (item!t%!n le4i tin))i.

Be4er!! termo%oel (i!s!n) (i se%elilin) tur4in c!se (!n

(item!t%!n !(! !r!% tertentu s!tu s!m! l!inny!. R!n)%!i!n

termo%oel ini (iu4un)%!n sec!r! !r!lel s!tu s!m! l!in. M!%su(

-6

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



(ir!n)%!i !r!rel ini untu% men(!!t%!n r!t!*r!t! temer!tur !(!

m!sin) – m!sin) termo%oel !t!u (en)!n %!t! l!in temer!tur r!t!*r!t!

(!ri e;!ust )!s y!n) tel! mele"!ti tur4in.Electronic Instrument System

,!m4!r //. Penem!t!n termo%oel E,T

,!m4!r /?. S%em! termo%oel E,T

Untu% in(i%!tor !(! e;!ust )!s temer!ture (!!t memer)un!%!n

moCin) coil !t!u moCin) m!)net. Te)!n)!n outut (!ri termo%oel E,T

terse4ut (!l!m miliColt. Te)!n)!n %elu!r!n termo%oel ini meru!%!n

/0

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS


– V 1.0

!sil er4e(!!n !nt!r! ot unction (!n col( unction (!n %emu(i!n !rus

listri% terse4ut (i!lir%!n %e in(i%!tor mel!lui resistor y!n) (!!t (iu4!*

u4!. S%!l! enunu%!n E,T 4is! menc!!i suu 1000&.

I.Ta$*"meter In#i$at"r

T!cometer !(!l! su!tu instrumen y!n) (i)un!%!n untu% menunu%!n

%ece!t!n 4erut!r cr!n%s!8t !(! iston en)ine (!n %ece!t!n m!inmotor !(! motor tur4in. S%!l! enunu%!nny! !(! iston en)ine

(iitun) (!l!m s!tu!n Rot!tion Per Minute 9RPM:. Se(!n)%!n s%!l!

enunu%!n !(! motor tur4in (iitun) (!l!m s!tu!n Present!se RPMLO

RPMG.

,!m4!r /7. T!cometer

&!r! %er! en)u%ur!n t!cometer in(ic!tor ter(iri (u! enis y!itu

Pen)u%ur!n sec!r! me%!ni%.

Pen)u%ur!n sec!r! ele%tri%!l.

1.T!cometer in(ic!tor (en)!n sistem me%!ni%

In(ic!tor enis ini 4e%er!ny! men))un!%!n sistem centri8u)!l.

Sein))! (ise4it se4!)!i centri8u)!l tye t!cometer in(ic!tor.

Se4!)!i sensor ut!r!n s!8t en)ine y!n) teru4un) (en)!n

in(ic!tor y!n!) !(! (i coc%it memer)un!%!n Ke;i4le c!4le.

In(i%!tor !%!n 4er%er! 4il! en)ine tel! 4e%er!.

!: T!cometer in(ic!tor enis Ky"ei)t

P!(! t!cometer enis Ky"ei)t in(ic!torny! ter(iri (!ri

%omonen%omonen seerti sin(le y!n) (iut!r ole Ke;i4le

(riCe s!8t Ky"ei)t y!n) teru4un) (en)!n sin(le sli(in)

coll!r y!n) 4e4!s 4er)eser !(! sin(el y!n) 4erut!r coil

/1

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



srin) se%tor )e!r inion )e!r ointer. &oil srin) ini 4er)un!

untu% menst!4il%!n )er!%!n Ky"ei)t.

/+

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r /3. Fly"ei)t t!cometer in(ic!tin) (eCice

4: T!cometer in(ic!tor enis m!)netic (r!) cu

P!(! t!cometer enis m!)netic (r!) cu in(i%!tor ini

4er(!s!r%!n in(u%si ut!r!n m!)net erm!nent y!n) (i)er!%%!n

ole Ke;i4le (riCe s!8t.

A!4il! motor 4erut!r m!%! erm!nen m!)net y!n) teru4un)

(en)!n Ke;i4le (riCe s!8t !(! in(i%!tor !%!n 4erut!r s!m!

(en)!n ut!r!n motor. #!ren! !(!ny! )er!% rel!ti8 !nt!r!

erm!nen m!)net (en)!n (!r) cu m!%! (r!) cu !%!n

men(!!t in(u%si !rus 4erut!r 9e((y current:.

Arus 4erut!r 9e((y current: ini menim4ul%!n me(!n m!)net

!(! (r!) cu. 5!l ini menim4ul%!n re!%si tor>ue (!n me(!n*

me(!n m!)net (!n menye4!4%!n (r!) cu 4erut!r terus

menerus se!r! (en)!n ut!r!n erm!nent m!)net (!n ointer

men(!!t ut!r!n y!n) s!m! (en)!n (r!) cu. Untu%men)in(!ri erut!r!n (r!) cu y!n) terus menerus m!%! !(!

s!8t en)u4un) (en)!n ointer (i!s!n) srin) 9!ir*srin):

y!n) su(! (i%!li4r!si%!n untu% men)im4!n)i re!%si tor>ue

sein))! (r!) cu !%!n 4erenti !(! osisi tertentu !!4il!

tor>ue terse4ut su(! seim4!n) (en)!n tensi (!ri srin).

/

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r /6. M!)netic (r!) cu t!cometer in(ic!tin) (eCice

+.T!cometer in(ic!tor (en)!n sistem ele%tri%!l

Se4!)!i en))!nti sistem me%!ni% m!%! (i%em4!n)%!n en))un!!n

t!cometer ele%tri%. T!cometer ele%tri% (i4!)i men!(i (u! enis

y!itu

!: D& t!cometer system 9men))un!%!n D& ,ener!tor:

,!m4!r ?0. S%em! D& t!cometer system

/-

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Sistem ini men))un!%!n se4u! D& )ener!tor y!n) se(er!n!

(iut!r ole en)ine (i m!n! !rus listri% y!n) (i!sil%!n

(iterus%!n %e su!tu Coltmeter y!n) su(! (i%!li4r!si%!n men!(i

s%!l! RPM (i coc%it. Te)!n)!n !rus listri% y!n) (i!sil%!n D&.

)ener!tor ini 4er4!n(in) lurus (en)!n 4es!rny! ut!r!n en)ine.

Den)!n (emi%i!n enunu%!n (!ri Coltrneter !(!l! menunu%%!n4es!rny! ut!r!n en)ine seti! menit 9RPM:.

4: A& t!cometer system 9men))un!%!n !ltern!tor )ener!tor:

,!m4!r ?1. S%em! A& t!cometer system

T!cometer y!n) 4!ny!% (!n umum (i!%!i untu% enunu%!n

en)ine RPM !(!l! (en)!n men))un!%!n !ltern!tor ti)! !se

y!n) (iut!r ole en)ine. Arus A& ti)! !se (i m!n!8re>uensiny! (itentu%!n ole 4es!rny! RPM en)ine. Arus (!ri

!ltern!tor ini (i!lir%!n %e su!tu syncronous motor ti)! !se

!(! t!cometer in(i%!tor.

#ece!t!n ut!r!n motor !(! in(i%!tor (itentu%!n ole 8re>uensi

!rus y!n) (i!sil%!n !ltern!tor )ener!tor (!ri ut!r!n en)ine.

Altern!tor )ener!tor y!n) (iut!r ole en)ine men)!sil%!n !rus

A& ti)! !s! y!n) %emu(i!n (is!lur%!n mel!lui %!"!t*%!"!t

listri% %e syncronous motor. Arus ti)! !se ini menim4ul%!n

me(!n m!)net y!n) 4erut!r !(! st!tor (!ri syncronous motor.

Rotor (!ri syncronous motor ini 4eru! m!)net erm!nen y!n)

!%!n men)i%uti !r! me(!n m!)net y!n) 4erut!r (!n !silny!

rotor (!ri syncronous motor ini !%!n 4erut!r se4es!r ut!r!n

!ltern!tor. Syncronous motor terse4ut (ier)un!%!n memut!r

se4u! m!)net (i (!l!m (r!) cu. Sein))! menye4!4%!n (r!)

cu 4erut!r (!n men))er!%%!n in(ic!tin) nee(le 9ointer:.

9.Fuel :uantity In#i$atin% System

Fuel >u!ntity in(ic!tin) system 4er8un)si untu% men)et!ui uml!4!!n 4!%!r (!l!m t!n% es!"!t u(!r!. Tuu!n enunu%!n 8uel >u!ntity

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



!(!l! !)!r ener4!n) (!!t men)oer!si%!n es!"!tny! sesu!i

(en)!n uml! 4!!n 4!%!r y!n) !(!.

,!m4!r ?+. Fuel >u!ntity in(ic!tin)

Penunu%!n uml! 4!!n 4!%!r 4i!s! (!l!m s!tu!n Colume !t!u (!l!m

s!tu!n 4er!t. P!(! umumny! s!tu!n 8uel >u!ntity y!n) (i)un!%!n!(!l! s!tu!n 4er!t. Penunu%!n (!l!m '4s !nt!r! 0 – -+0 '4s.

#euntun)!n men))un!%!n s!tu!n 4er!t !(!l!

S!tu!n 4er!t men)u%ur uml! 4!!n 4!%!r y!n) se4en!rny! (!!t

(i!%!i untu% oer!si su!tu en)ine. S!tu!n 4er!t ti(!% (ien)!rui

ole (ensity 9%e!(!t!n: (!n temer!tur.

Ber!t 4!!n 4!%!r (!!t l!n)sun) mem4eri%!n )!m4!r!n (!l!m )ross

"ei)t 94er!t %eseluru!n: (!ri su!tu es!"!t.

A(! 4e4er!! tie 8uel >u!ntity in(ic!tin) system y!n) 4er4e(! (!l!m

rinsi %er! (!n %onstru%siny!. Se(!n)%!n en))un!!n (!ri tie*tie ini

ter)!ntun) !(! tie es!"!t (!n sistem 4!!n 4!%!rny!. Tie 8uel

>u!ntity in(ic!tin) system 4er(!s!r%!n rinsi %er! (!n %onstru%siny!

y!ituJ

1. Direct re!(in) In(ic!tor

,!m4!r ?. S%em! (irect re!(in) 8uel >u!ntity

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Sistem ini men))un!%!n el!mun) y!n) 4er)er!% n!i% turun (i!t!s

ermu%!!n 8uel (i (!l!m t!n% se4!)!i en))er!% 4eCel )e!r untu%

memut!r m!)net. P!(! uun) l!in (ilu!r t!n% ter(!!t ointer y!n)

ter4u!t (!ri m!)net sein))! er)er!%!n m!)net (!l!m t!n% y!n)

sesu!i (en)!n tin))i ren(!ny! ermu%!!n 8uel !%!n (ii%uti ole

ointer untu% mem4eri%!n enunu%!n uml! 8uel (i (!l!m t!n%

+. D& electric!l In(ic!tor

,!m4!r ?-. S%em! electric!l 8uel >u!ntity

Prinsi %onstru%si 8uel >u!ntity in(ic!tin) system y!n) men))un!%!n

D& electric!l ter(iri (!ri el!mun) tr!nsmittin) !rm (!n resistor.

Pel!mun) 4er)er!% n!i% turun sesu!i (en)!n tin))i ren(!ny!

ermu%!!n 4!!n 4!%!r (i (!l!m t!n% )er!%!n ini (iterus%!n ole

tr!nsmitter !rm untu% menunu%%!n 4es!r %ecilny! !r)! (!ri

resistor.

In(ic!tor y!n) (i)un!%!n !(!l! su!tu moCin) m!)net instrument.

Peru4!!n uml! 8uel (i (!l!m t!n% !%!n men)!%i4!t%!n eru4!!n

!r)! t!!n!n (!ri tr!nsmitter sein))! menye4!4%!n eru4!!n

4es!r !rus y!n) men)!lir mel!lui coil A (!n B !(! in(ic!tor. Bes!r

%ecilny! !rus !(! coil terse4ut !%!n menentu%!n 4es!r %ecilny!

me(!n m!)net y!n) tim4ul. Perm!nen m!)net y!n) !(i s!tu (en)!n

ointer !%!n 4er)er!% %e !r! coil y!n) memuny!i me(!n m!)net

le4i 4es!r.

P!(! %e!(!!n %oson) m!%! nil!i t!!n!n !(! tr!nsmitter le4i

4es!r (!ri t!!n!n R !rus listri% mel!lui coil A le4i 4es!r sein))!

ointer 4er)er!% %e !r! E 9Emty:. D!l!m %e!(!!n seten)! enu

!r)! t!!n!n tr!nsmitter s!m! 4es!r (en)!n R sein))! !rus listri%

!(! %e(u! coil men)!lir s!m! 4es!r me(!n m!)net y!n) tim4ul

u)! s!m! 4es!r (!n !%i4!tny! osisi ointer 4er!(! (i ten)! –

ten)!. A!4il! t!n% (iisi enu m!%! nil!i t!!n!n !(! tr!nsmitter

le4i %ecil (!ri R !rus listri% y!n) men)!lir mel!lui coil B le4i 4es!r

(!n me(!n m!)net y!n) tim4ul u)! men)!lir le4i 4es!r !%i4!tny!ointer men)!r! %e F 9Full: (!n s!tu!n Colume 9)!llon !t!u liter:.

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#eru)i!n 8uel >u!ntity in(ic!tin) system y!n) men))un!%!n sistem

D& electric!l !(!l!

T!n% tr!nsmitter memuny!i %omonen*%omonen 4er)er!% !l

ini (!!t menye4!4%!n 4!!y! %ususny! %ont!% !nt!r!

tr!nsmitter !rm (!n resistor y!n) (i!liri !rus listri% 94!!y!erci%!n 4un)! !i:.

Penunu%%!n ti(!% te!t (en)!n eru4!!n osisi (!ri es!"!t.

Pemu!i!n 4!!n 4!%!r (i (!l!m t!n% !%i4!t ert!m4!!n

temer!ture men!(i%!n enunu%%!n in(i%!tor 4ert!m4! !%!n

tet!i y!n) se4en!rny! 8uel >u!ntity ti(!% t!m4!.

.&!!citor 8uel >u!ntity in(ic!tor

,!m4!r ?/. &!!citor 8uel >u!ntity

D!l!m er%em4!n)!n en)u%ur!n 8uel >u!ntity mul!i men))un!%!n

c!!cit!nce 4ri()e. Sistem ini men))un!%!n rinsi eru4!!n

%!!sit!nsi. &!!sit!nce 4ri()e !(!l! se4u! 4!l!nce( circuit

9r!n)%!i!n %eseim4!n)!n: y!n) ter(iri (!ri In(uctor A*B &!!sitor&1 in(uctor B*& &!!sitor &+ (!n in(i%!tor.

,!m4!r ??. &ircuit electric c!!citor 8uel >u!ntity

A!4il! nil!i (!ri %e(u! in(uctor (!n %e(u! c!!sitor s!m! 4es!r

m!%! em4!t!n terse4ut (!l!m %e!(!!n seim4!n) 94!l!nce(:. Ini

%!ren! !se !rus (!ri %e(u! r!n)%!i!n ini !(!l! 130 (er!!t s!tu

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s!m! l!in !%i4!tny! ti(!% !%!n !(! !rus listri% y!n) men)!lir mel!lui

in(i%!tor.

,!m4!r ?7. Ilustr!si c!!citor 8uel >u!ntity

Bes!rny! nil!i %!!sit!nsi (!ri su!tu c!!sitor (!l!m r!n)%!i!n

terse4ut ter)!ntun) !(!J

'u!s ermu%!!n (!ri l!t c!!citor.

<!r!% !nt!r %e(u! l!t.

Bes!rny! (iele%tric const!nt 9(iele%tri% %onst!nt!: (!ri me(i!

emis! %e(u! l!t terse4ut.

&!!sitor ini y!n) (i!%!i untu% en)u%ur!n uml! 4!!n 4!%!r

(i4u!t (!ri (u! 4u! l!t !t!u le4i y!n) (i4entu% melin)%!r

4er4entu% silin(er 9(ise4ut (en)!n sensin) ro4e: (im!n! l!t 4!)i!n

lu!r 4erlu4!n) – lu4!n) sein))! 8uel (!!t m!su% (i!nt!r! %e(u!

l!t.

'u!s ermu%!!n (!ri l!t (!n !r!% !nt!r %e(u! l!t terse4ut !(!l!

tet! !(i !ny! (iele%tri% %onst!nt! y!n) (!!t 4eru4!. U(!r!(i)un!%!n se4!)!i (iele%tri% emis! !!4il! t!n% (!l!m %e!(!!n

%oson) (im!n! %onst!nt!*ny! s!tu P!(! 8uel (!l!m %on(isi enu

(!n (i)un!%!n se4!)!i (iele%tri% emis! !(! m!%! (iele%tri%

%onst!nt*ny! se%it!r (u!.

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,!m4!r ?3. Penem!t!n c!!citor 8uel >u!ntity

A!4il! t!n% terisi enu ro4e !%!n memuny!i %!!sit!nsi y!n) !u le4i 4es!r (!ri!(! "!%tu t!n% (!l!m %e!(!!n %oson). P!(!

s!!t seti! ter!(i eru4!!n isi t!n% !nt!r! enu (!n %oson) !%!n

mem4eri%!n su!tu eru4!!n %!!sit!nsi y!n) 4ert!ut!n.

,!m4!r ?6. R!n)%!i!n 8uel >u!ntity system tie D& c!!sitiCe

A!4il! %!!sit!nsi (!ri ro4e 4eru4! %!ren! eru4!!n ermu%!!n

8uel m!%! !mli$er !%!n menerim! si)n!l 4!"! r!n)%!i!n 4ri()e

ti(!% seim4!n). Amli$er !%!n memer4es!r si)n!l terse4ut (!n

men)u4un)%!nny! !(! motor serCo (u! !se !(! in(i%!tor (!n

in(u%tor !(! tr!ns8orm!tor (!ri r!n)%!i!n 4ri()e. P!se listri% !(!

in(u%tor tr!nsmorm!tor y!n) teru4un) seri (en)!n c!!sitor !%!n

4er)eser 600. Motor serCo ini ti(!% !ny! memut!r ointer mel!in%!n

u)! men))er!%%!n re4!l!ncin) otentiometer !)!r su!y! ointer

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4erenti menunu% !(! osisi y!n) te!t setel! r!n)%!i!n 4ri()e

seim4!n).

&!r! enyetel!n r!n)%!i!n len)%! 8uel >u!ntity system tie D&

c!!sitiCe

Pert!m! J T!n% (i%oson)%!n %emu(i!n emty !(ustmentotentiometer (i)er!%%!n in))! in(ic!tor menunu% !(! osisi

emty.

#e(u! J T!n% (iisi enu %emu(i!n 8ull !(ustment otentiometer

(i)er!%%!n in))! in(ic!tor menunu% !(! osisi 8ull.

K.Fuel Fl"w In#i$at"r

Fuel Ko"meter in(ic!tor 4er8un)si untu% men)et!ui em!%!i!n 4!!n

4!%!r sel!m! en)ine 4e%er!. Fuel Ko"meter (itunu%!n (!l!m s!tu!n

l4sL!m !t!u #)L!m. Instrumen ini !(! umumny! (ier)un!%!n !(!es!"!t*es!"!t multi en)ine y!n) 4es!r !%!n tet!i !(! es!"!t –

es!"!t %ecil u)! %!(!n)*%!(!n) (!!t %it! um!i.

Fuel Ko" in(ic!tor !(! y!n) 4e%er! sec!r! me%!ni% (!n !(! u)! y!n)

4e%er! sec!r! ele%tri%!l. Sec!r! me%!ni% men))un!%!n rinsi 4our(on

tu4e se(!n)%!n ele%tri%!l men))un!%!n tr!nsmitter.

Prinsi %er! 8uel Ko"meter (i)er!%%!n sec!r! ele%tri%!l. Fuel Ko"meter

y!n) (ier)un!%!n !(! iston en)ine ter(iri (!ri se4u! Ko"meter

tr!nsmitter (!n se4u! in(ic!tor.

Tr!nsmitter ini 4i!s!ny! (iu4un)%!n (en)!n s!lur!n 8uel y!n) %elu!r

(!ri %!r4ur!tor menuu 8uel 8ee( C!lCe. Fuel m!su% mel!lui 8uel inlet y!n)

(i!r!%!n !(! m!terin) C!ne y!n) !%!n men)!%i4!t%!n C!ne 4er)er!%

4erut!r 9s"in) : !(! orosny!. A!4il! )!y! y!n) tim4ul !%i4!t !lir!n

8uel s!m! 4es!r (en)!n tensi (!ri srin) m!%! C!ne !%!n 4erenti

4er)er!%.

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,!m4!r 70. #onstru%si 8uel Ko" in(ic!tor

Den)!n 4eru4!ny! osisi C!ne !%!n men)!%i4!t%!n eru4!!n osisi

rotor y!n) (i!liri !rus listri% (i (!l!m st!tor y!n) 4eru! coil

(iu4un)%!n r!n)%!in ele%trini% se)iti)!. P!(! st!tor !%!n tim4ul si)n!l

y!n) %emu(i!n (i%irim%!n %e st!tor (!ri

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in(ic!tor. Sein))! rotor (!ri in(i%!tor !%!n 4er)er!% se4es!r )er!%!n

rotor tr!nsmitter (!n !!4il! su(! s!m! !%!n 4erenti !(! osisi

terse4ut. Rotor (!ri in(i%!tor ini (ier)un!%!n untu% men))er!%%!n

ointer (!n mem4eri%!n enunu%%!n !(! s%!l! y!n) su(!

(i%!li4r!si%!n men!(i uml! 4!!n 4!%er y!n) men)!lir seti! !m.

,!m4!r 71. S%em! electric 8uel Ko" in(ic!tor

!.T"r;uemeter In#i$at"r

Tor>uemeter In(ic!tor y!n) 4er8un)si untu% men)et!ui ten!)! (!ri

en)in (en)!n c!r! men)u%ur te%!n!n y!n) (itim4ul%!n ole

tor>uemeter system. Tor>ueneter system meru!%!n 4!)i!n (!ri mesin

itu sen(iri (!n ter(!!t (i (!l!m re(uction )e!r !ssem4ly (i !nt!r!

cr!n%s!8t (!n roeller s!8t.

#onstru%si (!ri sistem ini ter)!ntun) (!ri enis en)ine !%!n tet!i rinsi

(!n sistem %er!ny! s!m! y!itu (en)!n ten(ensi 4erut!r 4e4er!!

4!)i!n (!ri re(uction )e!r y!n) %emu(i!n (it!!n ole iston !(!

y(r!ulic cylin(er y!n) (item!t%!n !(! c!se )e!r.

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,!m4!r 7+. S%em! tor>uemeter

il (!ri en)ine oil system (i!lir%!n %e (!l!m cylin(er mel!lui se4u!

om! tor>uemeter y!n) %usus (!n menyer! 9!4sor4: 4e4!n y!n)

(ise4!4%!n )er!%!n iston. il (i (!l!m silin(er men)!sil%!n te%!n!n

y!n) se4!n(in) (en)!n 4e4!n !t!u tor>ue y!n) (itim4ul%!n ole en)ine

(!n te%!n!n ini (iin(!%!n %e su!tu tor>ue ressure in(ic!tor y!n)ter(!!t (i !nel instrumen. Seti! en!m4!!n o"er (!ri en)ine !%!n

men)!%i4!t%!n tor>ue 4ert!m4!. Den)!n (emi%i!n 4e4!n !(! iston

4ert!m4! (!n iston 4er)er!% menutu lu4!n) 4lee(.

Den)!n sem!%in menutuny! lu4!n) 4lee( m!%! te%!n!n oil (i (!l!m

cylin(er 4ert!m4! (!n enunu%!n !(! in(i%!tor 4ert!m4!. A!4il!

4e4!n !t!u tor>ue terse4ut su(! seim4!n) (en)!n te%!n!n oil m!%!

iston 4erenti 4er)er!% (!n )er!%!n ointer u)! 4erenti !(! osisi

ter!%ir ini.

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BAB < F!I(5T INSTRUMEN

Fli)t instrument !(!l! su!tu %elomo% instrument y!n) 4er8un)si untu%

men)ontrol en)emu(i!n es!"!t ter4!n) y!n) meliuti %ece!t!n

%etin))i!n %emirin)!n (!n 4elo%!n sert! 4es!rny! su(ut n!i% (!n turunse4u! es!"!t ter4!n) sel!m! (!l!m en)oer!si!nny!. Be4er!!

In(ic!tor y!n) term!su% (!l!m %elomo% Ki)t instrument !(!l! J

Altimeter In(ic!tor.

Vertic!l See( In(ic!tor 9VSI: !t!u R!te o8 &lim4 In(ic!tor 9R&I:.

Air See( In(ic!tor !t!u M!c Meter In(ic!tor.

Arti$ci!l 5ori@ont!l In(ic!tor 9A5I:.

Turn !n( B!n% In(ic!tor !t!u Turn !n( Sli In(ic!tor.

A. Altimeter

Altimeter !(!l! su!tu instrumen y!n) (i!%!i untu% men)et!ui

%etin))i!n es!"!t ter4!n) ter!(! su!tu l!n(!s!n !t!u tin))i es!"!t

ter!(! ermu%!!n l!ut. Altimeter in(ic!tor men))un!%!n itot st!tic

system se4!)!i sum4er ten!)! en))er!%ny!.

,!m4!r 7. Altimeter in(ic!tor

Penunu%%!n !(! in(ic!tor men))un!%!n s!tu!n FEETG. Pressure

!ltimeter se4etulny! !(!l! se4u! 4!rometer !t!u en)u%ur te%!n!n

!t!u en)u%ur er4e(!!n te%!n!n y!n) !sil en)u%ur!nny! (iny!t!%!n

(!l!m s!tu!n 8eet. Altimeter in(ic!tor u)! (i%en!l (en)!n n!m!

4!rometer in(ic!tor !t!u ressure !ltimeter.

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,!m4!r 7-. T!4el te%!n!n !tmos$r

Pem4!c!!n in(ic!tor ini teren)!ru u)! ole eru4!!n te%!n!n (i

t!n! y!n) (ise4!4%!n %!ren! eru4!!n*eru4!!n %e!(!!n !tmos$r

meliuti te%!n!n temer!ture (!n %elem4!4!n u(!r! L umi(ity.

Se4!)!im!n! (i%et!ui 4!"! u(!r! (i ermu%!!n 4umi le4i !(!t

(!ri!(! u(!r! (i !t!sny!. <!(i sec!r! se(er!n! !ltimeter ini

sesun))uny! !(!l! se4u! 4!rometer lo)!m 9!neroi( 4!rometer: y!n)

em4!c!!nny! (!l!m s!tu!n (!l!m 8eet. A!4il! %etin))i!nny! m!%in

4ert!m4! m!%! te%!n!n u(!r!ny! m!%in 4er%ur!n). #!ren! )!s

memu!i 4il! te%!n!n 4er%ur!n) m!%! uml! 4!)i!n*4!)i!n u(!r! !(!

%es!tu!n isi u)! 4er%ur!n). Den)!n en)erti!n l!in 4er!t enis u(!r!

men!(i %ecil !t!u %e!(!t!nny! men!(i tiis. Te%!n!n u(!r! y!n)

4er4e(!*4e(! !(! %etin))i!n y!n) 4erl!in!n ini (i!%!i !(! !ltimeter

untu% menunu%%!n eru4!!n %etin))i!n.

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



1. &!r! %er! (!n %onstru%si !ltimeter in(ic!tor

,!m4!r 7/. &!r! %er! me%!ni% !ltimeter

!: Me%!nisme (i (!l!m !ltimeter in(ic!tor ter(iri (!ri + !t!u 4u!!neroi( lo)!m !m! u(!r!. Men)em4!n) (!n men)emisny!

!neroi( %!ren! !(!ny! te%!n!n st!tic.

4: Me%!nisme ini ter!s!n) (i (!l!m c!se instrument y!n) %e(!

u(!r! 9!ir ti)t:.

c: In(ic!tor (iu4un)%!n (en)!n te%!n!n !tmos$r mel!lui lu4!n)

st!tic 9st!tic e!( !t!u st!tic Cent:.

Aneroi( y!n) ter(!!t (i (!l!m c!se instrument !%!n

men)em4!n) 4il! es!"!t n!i%. 5!l ini (ise4!4%!n %!ren!te%!n!n (i (!l!m !neroi( le4i 4es!r (!ri te%!n!n st!tic.

Aneroi( y!n) ter(!!t (i (!l!m c!se instrument !%!n

men)%erut 4il! es!"!t turun. 5!l ini (ise4!4%!n %!ren!

te%!n!n (i(!l!m !neroi(

le4i %ecil (!ri te%!n!n st!tic.

Men)em4!n) (!n men)%erutny! !neroi( ini (is!m4un)%!n

(en)!n (iterus%!n mel!lui se4u! tu!s me%!ni%. Tu!s me%!ni%

ini !(! s!tu uun)ny! (iu4un)%!n !(! roc%in) s!8t

sein))! 4erut!r. Roc%in) s!8t ini memut!r )e!r y!n) (i

u4un)%!n (en)!n 9ti)!: 4u! !rum enunu% (i!l ointer.

<!rum enunu% (i!l ointer !%!n (i!m 4il! ter!(i

%eseim4!n)!n te%!n!n u(!r! (i (!l!m !neroi( (!n (i (!l!m

c!se instrument.

(: Se4u! enunu%!n counter !(! sisi se4el! %!n!n s%!l!

enunu%%!n terli!t s%!l! 4!rometri% (!l!m s!tu!n Inc 5) !t!u

Mili4!r y!n) (iu4un)%!n (en)!n ro(! – ro(! )i)i %e @erro settin)

%no4.

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,!m4!r 7?. #onstru%si me%!ni% !ltimeter

e: Untu% men)%ore%si %es!l!!n en)u%ur!n !ltimeter y!n)

(ise4!4%!n ole eru4!!n temer!tur y!n) memen)!rui

!neroi( m!%! !(! me%!ni% !ltimeter (i)un!%!n 4i*met!lic stri

!t!u 4i*met!llic u*srin). Bi*met!llic usrin) !(!l! er (en)!n

4entu% uru8 U (!n (i4u!t (!ri l!is!n y!n) 4er!s!l (!ri (u!

lo)!m y!n) 4er4e(! %oesien mu!iny! sein))! 4il! ter!(i

eru4!!n suu m!%! mulut uru8 U !%!n m!%in ter4u%! !t!u

m!%in tertutu

+. &!r! mem4!c! !ltimeter in(ic!tor

Altimeter in(ic!tor (ilen)%!i (en)!n 9ti)!: 4u! !rum enuu%!n

(i!l ointer

!: <!rum !n!n) menunu%%!n r!tus!n 8eet !rum en(e% ri4u!n

8eet (!n !rum !n!n) (en)!n se)iti)! (i uun)ny! menunu%%!n

ulu!n ri4u 8eet.

4: 1 ut!r!n !rum !n!n) s!m! (en)!n 1000 8eet

c: 1 ut!r!n !rum en(e% s!m! (en)!n 10.000 8eet

. #es!l!!n – %es!l!!n !(! !ltimeter in(ic!tor

!: Instrument error

A(!l! %es!l!!n y!n) (ise4!4%!n ole usi! umur (!ri in(ic!tor

y!n) menye4!4%!n 4er%ur!n)ny! el!stisit!s er!l!t!n en))er!%

(!l!m in(ic!tor. Bes!rny! %es!l!!n ti(!% 4ole mele4ii 0

!t!u – -/ 8eet !(! ermu%!!n l!ut.

4: Position error !t!u inst!ll!tion error

?3

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A(!l! %es!l!!n y!n) (ise4!4%!n %!ren! itot tu4e ti(!%

men)!(! enu %e !r! !ir Ko" 9!lir!n u(!r!: (!n te%!n!n

(in!mis y!n) mem!su%i st!tic e!( !t!u st!tic Cent.

c: '!) error 9ysterisis error:

A(!l! %es!l!!n y!n) (ise4!4%!n %!ren! terl!m4!tny! te%!n!n

(!l!m c!se instrument untu% menyesu!i%!n (iri (en)!n te%!n!n

!tmos$r. #es!l!!n ini terut!m! ter!(i 4il! es!"!t menu%i%!t!u men!n!% (en)!n t!!m.

-. <enis – enis %etin))i!n L !ltitu(e

!: In(ic!te( !ltitu(e. A(!l! tin))i y!n) (i4!c! (!ri !ltimeter

in(ic!tor.

4: Pressure !ltitu(e. A(!l! tin))i y!n) (i4!c! !(! !ltimeter

in(ic!tor !!4il! s%!l! 4!rometric (i set !(! +6 6+ inc ) !t!u

101+/ mili4!r.

c: True !ltitu(e. A(!l! tin))i es!"!t ter!(! ermu%!!n l!ut 9se!leCel:.

(: A4solute !ltitu(e. A(!l! tin))i es!"!t ter!(! su!tu l!n(!s!n

9(!t!r!n:.

,!m4!r 77. <enis %etin))i!l !ltitu(e

B.6erti$al S)ee# In#i$at"r -6SI

Vertic!l see( in(ic!tor !t!u r!te o8 clim4 in(ic!tor !t!u Certic!l Celocity

in(ic!tor 4er8un)si untu% men)et!ui %ece!t!n n!i% turun (!n

%ece!t!n Certic!l (!ri es!"!t s!!t mel!%u%!n ener4!n)!n.

?6

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,!m4!r 73. Vertic!l see( in(ic!tor

Vertic!l see( in(ic!tor 9VSI: men))un!%!n itot st!tic systemG se4!)!i

sum4er ten!)! en))er!%ny!. S%!l! enunu%!n (i!l ointer Certic!l

see( inc!tor men))un!%!n s!tu!n 8eet er menit.

1.#onstru%si Certic!l see( in(ic!tor ter(iri (!ri

Di!r!)m! !t!u !neroi(

In(ic!tin) element

Meterin) unit !t!u !rum enunu% (!n s%!l!

Di!r!)m! 4er!(! (i (!l!m c!se instrument y!n) %e(! u(!r! (!n

(i4u!t (!ri 4!!n y!n) ti(!% mu(! teren)!ru ole eru4!!nsuu u(!r! lu!r.

,!m4!r 76. &!r! %er! me%!ni% VSI

&!se instrument (iu4un)%!n (en)!n te%!n!n u(!r! Atmos$r mel!lui

lu4!n) st!tic (!n c!ill!ry tu4e mel!lui lu4!n) en)ontrol. 'u4!n)

en)ontrol ini %!(!n)%!(!n) (in!m!%!n Meterin) unit !t!u

restricte( core. Te%!n!n u(!r! !tmos$r m!su% l!n)sun) %e 4!)i!n

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(!l!m (!ri (i!r!)m! mel!lui lu4!n) st!tic 9st!tic Cent st!tic tu4e

(!n c!ill!ry tu4e:.

'u4!n) en)ontrol ini %usus (i4u!t untu% men)%ore%si %es!l!!n

y!n) (ise4!4%!n %!ren! eru4!!n %e!(!t!n u(!r! 9(ensity: (!n

eru4!!n

temer!tur. Untu% en)ontrol!n ini (i!%!i %le (ur!l 9(iHuser C!lCe!ssem4ly:

,!m4!r 30. #onstru%si VSI

<!rum enunu% (i!l ointer !%!n 4er!(! !(! osisi ori@ont!l 9!m

6: !(! s!!t es!"!t ter4!n) lurus (!n men(!t!r 9str!i)t !n( leCel

Ki)t:. 5!l ini 4er!rti s%!l! !(! in(ic!tor menunu% titi% nol 90:.

<!rum enunu% (i!l ointer !%!n 4er)er!% %e !t!s !(! s!!t es!"!t

clim4in)in) (!n !%!n 4er)er!% %e 4!"! !(! "!%tu es!"!t

(escen(in).

+.&!r! %er! Certic!l see( in(ic!tor 9VSI:

Vertic!l see( in(ic!tor sec!r! sensiti8 men)u%ur er4e(!!n te%!n!n

!tmos$r y!n) (ise4!4%!n %!ren! eru4!!n %etin))i!n. Bil! es!"!t

ter4!n) 4eru4! %etin))i!nny! m!%! te%!n!n st!tic !%!n 4eru4! u)!. Te%!n!n u(!r! (i (!l!m (i!r!)m! !%!n 4eru4! le4i ce!t

(!ri!(! te%!n!n u(!r! (i (!l!m t!4un) in(ic!tor sein))!

(i!r!)m! !%!n 4er)er!%.

Bil! es!"!t ter4!n) men(!t!r 9leCel Ki)t: m!%! te%!n!n (i (!l!m

(i!r!)m! !%!n s!m! (en)!n !tmos$r. Sel!m! es!"!t m!si

4er)er!% n!i% !t!u turun m!%! sel!m! itu !%!n ter(!!t er4e(!!n

te%!n!n !nt!r! (i!8r!)m! (!n rum! instrumen.

M!%in ce!t es!"!t n!i% !t!u turun !%!n m!%in 4es!r er4e(!!nte%!n!n terse4ut. Bil! es!"!t 4erenti n!i% !t!u turun (en)!n %!t!

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l!in ter4!n) men(!t!r %em4!li m!%! er4e(!!n te%!n!n terse4ut

!%!n se)er! il!n) %!ren! %e(u! ru!n)!n y!itu (i!8r!)m! (!n

rum! instrumen s!lin) 4eru4un)!n. Per4e(!!n te%!n!n inil! y!n)

menye4!4%!n (i!8r!)m! men)em4!n) (!n men)emis.

!: P!(! s!!t es!"!t ter4!n) men(!t!r 9str!i)t !n( leCel Ki)t:

m!%! te%!n!n (i (!l!m (i!r!)m! !%!n s!m! (en)!n te%!n!n!tmos$r.

,!m4!r 31. Posisi es!"!t ter4!n) men(!t!r

4: A!4il! es!"!t clim4in) te%!n!n st!tic (i (!l!m (i!r!)m!

!%!n 4eru4! le4i ce!t (!ri!(! te%!n!n u(!r! (!ri (!l!m c!se

instrument sein))! (i!r!)m! !%!n men)emis.

,!m4!r 3+. Posisi es!"!t ter4!n) clim4in)

c: A!4il! es!"!t 4er)er!% (escen(in) m!%! te%!n!n u(!r! (i

(!l!m (i!r!)m! !%!n menyesu!i%!n (en)!n te%!n!n st!tic

se(!n)%!n te%!n!n (!l!m c!se instrument !%!n le4i l!m4!t

menyesu!i%!n %!ren! u4un)!n %e !tmos$r !rus mel!lui

c!li4r!te( le!% !t!u lu4!n) en)ontrol sein))! te%!n!n (i(!l!m

(i!r!)m! !%!n le4i 4es!r (!n men)em4!n).

7+

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r 3. Posisi es!"!t ter4!n) (escen(in)

(: Sel!m! es!"!t 4er)er!% n!i%–turun m!%! er4e(!!n te%!n!n

st!tic !nt!r! (i!r!)m! (en)!n c!se instrument m!si !(!.

e: Bil! es!"!t 4erenti n!i%–turun 9leCel Ki)t: m!%! er4e(!!n

te%!n!n (i!r!)m! (en)!n c!se instrument !%!n il!n).

8: Men)em4!n) (!n men)emisny! (i!r!)m! !%!n (iterus%!n

mel!lui se4u! tu!s me%!ni% y!n) !%!n memut!r%!n roc%in)

s!8t. Roc%in) s!8t ini !%!n memut!r%!n se%tor 4er)i)i y!n)

sel!nutny! memut!r%!n !rum enunu% !(! s%!l! enunu%%!n.

.Air S)ee# In#i$at"r -ASI

Airsee( in(!c!tor 4er8un)si untu% menunu%%!n %ece!t!n )er!%

es!"!t ter!(! u(!r! (i se%elilin)ny!. Airsee( in(!c!tor 9ASI:men))un!%!n itot st!tic system se4!)!i sum4er ten!)! en))er!%ny!.

Airsee( In(ic!tor 4e%er! !t!s (!s!r te%!n!n st!tic (!n te%!n!n

(in!mis. S%!l! enunu%%!n in(ic!tor (iny!t!%!n (!l!m s!tu!n %notG

!t!u mG.

,!m4!r 3-. Air see( in(ic!tor

#eter!n)!n J

7

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



1 #NT 1 N!utic!l Mile Per 5our 9u%ur!n Mil '!ut:

11/ Mile Per 5our 9MP5: 1 MP5 1?06#ML5

?.030 Feet Per 5our

,!m4!r 3/. &!r! %er!

ASI 1. &!r! %er! !irsee( in(ic!tor 9ASI:

!: Se4u! (i!r!)m! (!l!m in(ic!tor (iu4un)%!n (en)!n itot

tu4e mel!lui !ir ressure (yn!mic line. A!4il! es!"!t 4er)er!%

m!u m!%! te%!n!n u(!r! (in!mis m!su% mel!lui lu4!n) itot

tu4e sein))! menye4!4%!n (i!r!)m! men)em4!n).Men)em4!n) (!n men)emisny! (i!r!)m! sesu!i (en)!n

4es!r %ecilny! te%!n!n (in!mis y!n) m!su% mel!lui itot tu4e.

4: Te%!n!n y!n) m!su% (!l!m (i!8r!)m! (is!min) (in!mis u)!

!(! te%!n!n st!tis %e(u! te%!n!n ini (in!m!%!n te%!n!n itot

9itot ressure:.

Te%!n!n st!tis ini ti(!% ter)!ntun) !(! %ece!t!n !(i (i!8r!)m!

!rus 4e4!s (!ri en)!ru te%!n!n ini. Untu% men)il!n)%!n

en)!ru te%!n!n st!tis (i!8r!)m! (item!t%!n (!l!m c!seinstrument y!n) %e(! u(!r! (!n (iu4un)%!n (en)!n te%!n!n

!tmos$r mel!lui lu4!n) st!tic 9st!tic Cent:.

Den)!n (emi%i!n st!tic ressure y!n) ter(!!t (!l!m (i!8r!)m!

(inetr!l%!n (en)!n st!tic ressure y!n) 4er!(! (i lu!r (i!8r!)m!.

<!(i (i!8r!)m! !ny! men)em4!n) (!n men)emis %!ren!

en)!ru te%!n!n (in!mis s!!

7-

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r 3?. Men)em4!n) (!n men)emisny! (i!r!)m!

c: ,er!%!n men)em4!n) (!n men)emisny! Di!r!)m!

(iterus%!n mel!lui se4u! tu!s me%!ni% y!n) !%!n memut!r

Roc%in) S!8t sel!nutny! men))er!%%!n se%tor 4er)i)i.

,!m4!r 37. ,er!%!n (i!l ointer !%i4!t te%!n!n (in!mis (!n

st!tic

(: Se%tor 4er)i)i !%!n men))er!%%!n !rum enunu%%!n (i!l ointer!(!

In(ic!tor.

+. #es!l!!n*%es!l!!n !(! !irsee( in(ic!tor 9ASI:.

!: Instrument error. A(!l! %es!l!!n y!n) (ise4!4%!n ole %ur!n)

semurn!ny! sistem tr!nsmisi !t!u sistem en))er!% (!l!m

in(ic!tor.

4: Position error !t!u inst!ll!tion error. A(!l! %es!l!!n y!n)

(ise4!4%!n ole osisi !t!u %e(u(u%!n itot tu4e ti(!%

men)!(! enu %e !r! !lir!n u(!r!. Sein))! te%!n!n

(in!mis ti(!% seenuny! m!su% %e(!l!m itot tu4e. #e!(!!n ini

ter!(i 4il! es!"!t clim4in) (escen(in) (!n !(! s!!t lo"see(.

7/

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,!m4!r 33. Posisi itot e!( ti(!% se!!r (en)!n !ir Ko"

c: &omressi4ility error. A(!l! %es!l!!n y!n) (ise4!4%!n ole

%ece!t!n es!"!t y!n) terl!lu tin))i. P!(! %on(isi ini ter!(i

em!m!t!n u(!r! (i (!l!m ron))!*ron))! itot tu4e. P!(!

%ece!t!n (i 4!"! +/0 #notsL-/0 #ilometer Per <!m

comressi4ility error (!!t (i !4!i%!n. Tet!i !(! #ece!t!n

tin))i !rus (ieritun)%!n.

. Istil! – istil! !(! !irsee( in(ic!tor 9ASI: (i !nt!r!ny! A(!l! J

!: In(ic!te( !irsee(. A(!l! 4es!rny! %ece!t!n y!n) (itunu%%!n

ole !rum !(! !irsee( in(ic!tor.

4: &!li4r!te( !irsee(. A(!l! in(ic!te( !irsee( y!n) su(!

(i%ore%si ter!(! %es!l!!n–%es!l!!n in(ic!tor (!n %es!l!!n

%e(u(u%!nLosition error.

c: E>uiC!lent !ir see(. A(!l! c!li4r!te( !ir see( y!n) su(!

(i%ore%si ter!(! comressi4ility.(: True !ir see(. A(!l! e>uiC!lent !ir see( y!n) su(! (i%ore%si

ter!(! %e!(!t!n u(!r! 9(ensity: (!n suu 9temer!ture:.

D.Ma$*meter In#i$at"r

M!c meter in(ic!tor !(!l! u)! en)u%ur %ece!t!n es!"!t ter4!n)

y!n) menunu%%!n er4!n(in)!n !nt!r! True Air See( 9TAS: (en)!n

%ece!t!n su!r! 9See( 8 Soun(: sec!r! terus menerus.

7?

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r 36. M!cmeter in(ic!tor

M!c num4er (!ri su!tu es!"!t ter4!n) (i (e$nisi%!n se4!)!i su!tu

er4!n(in)!n True Air See( 9TAS: ter!(! %ece!t!n su!r! (i su!tu

%etin))i!n (im!n! es!"!t se(!n) ter4!n). Per4!n(in)!n ini (iny!t!%!n

(!l!m !n)%! (ecim!l.

Penunu%%!n m!c num4er s!n)!t entin) 4!)i seor!n) ener4!n)

es!"!t mo(ern y!n) 4er%ece!t!n tin))i %!ren! &RITI&A' MA&5

NUMBERG es!"!t ter4!n) 4ers!n)%ut!n ti(!% 4ole (il!m!ui (emi

8!%tor %e!m!n!n (!l!m ener4!n)!n.

Bil! (il!m!ui !%!n !(! mole%ul*mole%ul u(!r! y!n) mem4eri%!n

te%!n!n y!n) 4es!r !(! FUSE'A,E S#ING !t!u (ise4ut S5&# AVEG

y!n) 4er!%i4!t es!"!t !%!n 4er)et!r (!n sulit (i%en(!li%!n l!)i.

M!c num4er ti(!% ter)!ntun) !(! temer!ture u(!r! !%!n tet!i!ny! ter)!ntun) (!ri te%!n!n itot (!n te%!n!n st!ti% s!!.

Bis! (irumus%!n (en)!n

Me%!nisme m!cmeter in(ic!tor ter(iri (!ri + (i!8r!)m!. Di!8r!)m!

ert!m! !(!l! y!n) men)u%ur er4e(!!n te%!n!n (in!mis 9itot: (!n

te%!n!n st!ti% 9seerti !(! ASI: y!n) (ise4ut (en)!n (ise4ut !irsee(

(i!8r!)m!. Di!8r!)m! %e(u! !(!l! y!n) men)u%ur er4e(!!n te%!n!n

st!ti% (en)!n C!%um 9seerti !(! !ltimeter: y!n) (ise4ut (en)!n!ltitu(e (i!8r!)m!. #!l!u (u! (i!8r!)m! terse4ut (im!su%!n %e (!l!m

se4u! c!se instrumen y!n) %e(! u(!r! (!n (iu4un)%!n (en)!n st!tic

Cent m!%! !%!n (i(!!t m!c num4er 9M:.

77

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,!m4!r 60. Me%!nisme %er! m!cmeter

73

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Pen)em4!n)!n (!ri !irsee( (i!8r!)m! (!n !ltitu(e (i!8r!)m!

(iterus%!n mel!lui m!ins!8t (!n rin)in) !rm %e r!tio !rm (!n %e !rum

enunu%!n (i!l ointer. 5u4un)!n me%!nisme terse4ut (i4entu%

se(emi%i!n ru! sein))! )er!%!n (!ri ointer se4!n(in) (en)!n !n)%!

m!c 9 M :

E.(yr"s$")i$ Instrument

,yroscoe In(ic!tor !(!l! In(ic!tor y!n) 4e%er!ny! 4er(!s!r%!n

erut!r!nL)!y! ut!r. Den)!n en)erti!n l!in J ,yroscoe !(!l! su!tu

4en(! (i(!l!m In(ic!tor y!n) 4er4entu% seerti ro(! 4ol! y!n) 4erut!r

!(! orosny!. ,yroscoe ter4u!t (!ri met!l (en)!n 4er!t tertentu (!n

(i!s!n) !(! su!tu r!n)%! %usus. Ro(! 4ol! ini (ise4ut )ym4!lG.

,!m4!r 61. B!)i!n )yroscoes

,!m4!r 6+. ,yroscoes

,!m4!r 6. Posisi )yro (!l!m osisi 4ern!)!i lo%!si

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1. Ter(!!t + m!c!m )ym4!l y!n) mem4entu% se4u! )yroscoe y!itu J

!: Inner )ym4!l.

4: uter )ym4!l.

+. ,yroscoe memuny!i s!tu !t!u le4i 4i(!n) ut!r. ,yro (!!t

4erut!r 4e4!s !(! %e ti)! sum4u y!itu

!: Sinnin) Fre(om !(! sum4u 'on)itu(in!l 9;. ;:

4: Tiltin) Fre(om !(! sum4u '!ter!l 9y. y:

c: Veerin) Fre(om !(! sum4u Vertic!l 9@. @:

,!m4!r 6-. Sum4u ut!r )yroscoe

A!4il! ,yro 4erut!r (en)!n %ece!t!n y!n) cu%u 4es!r m!%!

,yro !%!n men)!m4il su!tu %e(u(u%!n (!n !%!n tet! !(!

%e(u(u%!n terse4ut sel!m! ti(!% !(! )!y! (!ri lu!r y!n)

memen)!ruiny!.

. Si8!t*si8!t )yro y!ituJ

!: Ri)i(ity in s!ce 9%etet!!n:. Si8!t !(! )yro untu%

memert!!n%!n oros ut!rny! sein))! !%!n sel!lu menunu%

!r! y!n) s!m! !t!u rotor )yro !%!n tet! !(! 4i(!n) ut!rny!.

&onto See(! !!4il! 4er!l!n 9ro(!ny! 4erut!r: see(! ini

memuny!i %est!4il!n !(i ti(!% !tu m!%in ce!t see(!

terse4ut 4er!l!n i! !%!n m!%in st!4il. Demi%i!n u)! (en)!n

rotor )yro m!%in ce!t ut!r!n rotorny! !%!n m!%in st!4il.9ri)i(:.

30

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Bes!rny! ri)i(ity ter)!ntun) !(! %ece!t!n su(ut (!ri )yro

4er!t (!ri m!ss! )yro terse4ut (!n !n!n) !ri*!ri oros )yro.

4: ,yro Precession. Si8!t !(! )yro untu% meru4! su(ut !r!

4i(!n) ut!r )yro. Ar! (!ri recession ter)!ntun) !(! )!y!

y!n) men))!n))u (!n !r! (!ri ut!r!n )yro rotor

i!l! si8!t %e(u! (!ri )yro y!itu eru4!!n su(ut !r! (!ri 4i(!n)

ut!r )yro. Ar! (!ri recession ter)!ntun) (!ri )!y! y!n)

men))!n))u (!n !r! (!ri ut!r!n )yro rotor.

A!4il! !(! su!tu )yro y!n) se(!n) 4erut!r (i4eri%!n )!y!

)!n))u 60 (er!!t se!r! (en)!n ut!r!n )yro m!%! )yro

recession*ny! !%!n terus !(! sel!m! )!y! )!n))u m!si

(i4eri%!n s!m!i 4i(!n) ut!r (!ri )yro se)!ris (en)!n 4i(!n)

)!y! )!n))u.

M!%in 4es!r )!y! )!n))u 9e;tern!l 8orce: m!%in 4es!r

recession*ny!. M!%in 4es!r !ri !ri m!%in ce!t erut!r!n )yro

m!%in %ecil recessiny!. Untu% el!sny! er!ti%!n )!m4!r

,!m4!r 6/. ,!y! )yro

recession -. ,yroscoe (i)er!%%!n (!n (iut!r

(en)!n (u! c!r! y!itu

!: Men))un!%!n C!cuum system !t!u suction system

Ter(!!t (u! c!r! untu% memut!r )yro rotor 4il! men))un!%!n

C!cuum system !t!u suction system y!itu

Men))un!%!n C!cuum um

2!n) mem!%!i om! C!%um !!4il! mesin es!"!t

4e%er!!%!n memut!r om! C!%um sein))! om! C!%um

memuny!i (!y! is! se4es!r 10 inc 5). Pom! C!%um

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



(iu4un)%!n (en)!n rum!*rum! instrumen )yro mel!lui

i!*i! en)u4un). Pom! C!cum !%!n men)is! u(!r!

(!l!m rum!L%ot!%*%ot!% instrumen.

#!ren! u(!r! (!l!m c!se instrumen (iis! m!%! te%!n!nny!

men!(i 4er%ur!n). Ber%ur!n)ny! te%!n!n ini menye4!4%!n

!(! semrot!n u(!r! lu!r y!n) m!su% %e (!l!m c!se

instrumen.

Semrot!n u(!r! 9!ir et: ini (i)un!%!n untu% memut!r ro(!*

ro(! )yro 9)yro rotor:. Te%!n!n 10 inc 5) le4i (!ri cu%u

untu% memut!r )yro instrumen (im!n! te%!n!n y!n)

(i4utu%!n !ny! %ur!n) le4i - inc 5) sein))! se4u!

relie8 C!lCe (i)un!%!n untu% menurun%!n te%!n!n men!(i -

inc 5).

P!(! sistem ini u)! (ilen)%!i (en)!n s!rin)!n u(!r! 9!ir

$lter: )un!ny! untu% mence)! %otor!n*%otor!n u(!r! lu!ry!n) i%ut m!su% %e (!l!m lu4!n) oros ut!r )yro.

1: Bil! en)ine 4e%er! C!cuum um u)! !%!n 4erut!r.

Pom! C!%um men)!sil%!n (!y! is!!n se4es!r W 10

inc 5).

,!m4!r 6?. Sum4er en))er!% sistem )yro enis C!cuum um

+: Mel!lui i! en)u4un) C!cuum um (iu4un)%!n

(en)!n c!se instrument )yro. V!cuum um !%!n

men)is! u(!r! y!n) 4er!(! (!l!m c!se instrument.

#!ren! u(!r! (!l!m c!se instrumen (iis! m!%!

te%!n!nny! men!(i 4er%ur!n). Ber%ur!n)ny! te%!n!n ini

menye4!4%!n !(! semrot!n u(!r! lu!r y!n) m!su% %e(!l!m c!se instrumen.

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: Semrot!n u(!r! 9!ir et: ini (i)un!%!n untu% memut!r

)yro rotor. Te%!n!n 10 inc 5) le4i (!ri cu%u untu%

memut!r )yro instrumen (im!n! te%!n!n y!n) (i4utu%!n

!ny! %ur!n) le4i - inc 5) sein))! se4u! relie8 C!lCe

(i)un!%!n untu% menurun%!n te%!n!n men!(i - inc 5).

P!(! sistem ini u)! (ilen)%!i (en)!n !ir $lter y!n)

4er)un! untu% mence)! %otor!n*%otor!n u(!r! lu!r y!n)i%ut m!su% %e (!l!m lu4!n) oros ut!r )yro.

Men))un!%!n Century tu4e

Menggunakan prinsip tekanan udara rendah yang melalui tabung venturi.

Ventury tu4e y!n) 4erte%!n!n le4i ren(! (!ri u(!r!

se%elilin)ny! (iu4un)%!n (en)!n i! %e (!l!m c!se

instrument )yro.

,!m4!r 67. Sum4er en))er!% sistem )yro enis Century tu4e

U(!r! (!l!m %ot!% instrumen 4erem4us %e lu!r menuu

t!4un) Centuri y!n) memuny!i te%!n!n y!n) le4i ren(!

!t!u teris! ole t!4un) Centuri. Sein))! (i (!l!m c!se

instrumen ter!(i en)ur!n)!n te%!n!n u(!r! sein))!

mel!lui i! y!n) 4eru4un)!n (en)!n u(!r! lu!r ter!(il!

semrot!n u(!r! lu!r %e (!l!m %ot!% instrumen. Semrot!nu(!r! lu!r inil! y!n) (i)un!%!n untu% memut!r rotor

instrumen )yro.

Sistim ini memuny!i %eru)i!n*%eru)i!n (i4!n(in)%!n (en)!n

sum4er en))er!% listri% terut!m! es!"!t ter4!n) 4es!r

y!n) memuny!i %em!mu!n ter4!n) tin))i 9i)t !ltitu(e

!ircr!8t:. Sem!%in tin))i es!"!t itu ter4!n) sem!%in ren(!

te%!n!n u(!r! y!n) (!!t menye4!4%!n ter!(iny!

enyusut!n te%!n!n. Demi%i!n u)! ter!(! instrumenny!

sen(iri y!n) m!n! umumny! instrumen )iro sistem C!%um

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4!ny!% men))un!%!n 4e!rin)s. P!(! "!%tu tertentu !%!n

le4i mu(! men)!l!mi %erus!%!n terut!m! ter!(! u(!r!

y!n) lem4!4. M!%! (!ri itu sistem Century tu4e ini !r!n) (i

!%!i.

4: Men))un!%!n electric!l 9D& !t!u A&: J

D& 1- Volt m!uun +3 Volt 9y!n) (i!sil%!n (!ri 4!ttery L

!ccu:

A& 11/ Volt 9y!n) (i!sil%!n (!ri inCerter m!uun

!ltern!tor:

Sum4er ten!)! en))er!% rotor )yro y!n) men))un!%!n listri% (c

(en)!n te)!n)!n 1- C(c m!uun +3 C(c men))un!%!n rinsi

conCention!l erm!nent m!)net. In(ic!tor y!n) men))un!%!n

rinsi ini !(!l! turn 4!n% in(ic!tor !t!u turn sli in(ic!tor.

Sum4er ten!)! en))er!% rotor )yro y!n) men))un!%!n listri%A& te)!n)!n 11/ Volt -00 5@ !se. In(ic!tor y!n)

men))un!%!n rinsi !rus A& !(!l! !rti$si!l ori@ont!l in(ic!tor

9A5I: (!n (irection!l )yroscoic in(ic!tor 9D,I:.

F.Artifsial 5"ri="ntal In#i$at"r

Arti$si!l ori@ont!l in(ic!tor 9A5I: (i)un!%!n untu% men)et!ui !t!u

menunu%%!n si%! es!"!t !t!u )er!%!n es!"!t ter!(! sum4u

lon)itu(in!l !;is (!n sum4u l!ter!l !;is. In(ic!tor ini seol!*ol!

men))!nti%!n )!ris ori@on 4umi.

,!m4!r 63. Arti$si!l ori@ont!l in(ic!tor

Arti$ci!l ori@on in(ic!tor 4is! (ise4ut u)! (en)!n m!n! )yro ori@on

(!n %!(!n) (ise4ut u)! !ttitu(e in(ic!tor. Intrumen ini men))un!%!n

rinsi %er! s!ce )yro. Dim!n! )yro memuny!i ti)! si%! )er!% y!n)

4e4!s y!itu itcin) rollin) (!n y!"in). Arti$si!l ori@ont!l in(ic!tor

men))un!%!n C!cuum system !t!u suction system !t!u electric!l

system se4!)!i sum4er ten!)! en))er!%ny!.

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,!m4!r 66. ,er!%%!n si%! es!"!t

1. Rotor )yro !(! in(ic!tor memuny!i ti)! si%! )er!% y!n) 4e4!s

y!itu

!: Si%! R''IN, Men))elun(un) %e s!min)

I!l! si%! (im!n! es!"!t 4erut!r mel!lui sum4u lon)itu(in!l.

4: Si%! PIT&5IN, Men)!n))u%

I!l! si%! (im!n! es!"!t 4erut!r mel!lui sum4u l!ter!l.

Bil! osisi es!"!t n!i% (ise4ut clim4in).

Bil! osisi es!"!t turun (ise4ut (escen(in).

c: Si%! 2AIN, Men))elen)

I!l! si%! (im!n! es!"!t 4erut!r mel!lui sum4u Certic!l.

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,!m4!r 100. Penunu%!n t!mil!n A5I

+. &!r! %er! !rti$si!l ori@ont!l in(ic!tor

!: Men))un!%!n Century tu4e !t!u C!cuum um

Ventury tu4e (i!s!n) se!!r (en)!n sum4u lon)itu(in!l untu%

men(!!t%!n !ir stre!m. Bil! men))un!%!n C!cuum um !ir

stre!m (i(!!t%!n (!ri re(uction )e!r y!n) teru4un) (en)!n

cr!n% s!8t en)ine.

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,!m4!r 101. #onstru%si me%!ni% A5I

4: Men))un!%!n electric!l systemP!(! )yro ori@on y!n) (i)er!%%!n ole listri% !(! (!s!rny!

men))un!%!n %onstru%si me%!ni% y!n) s!m! (en)!n )yro

ori@on y!n) (i)er!%%!n ole !ir C!cuum. ,yro ori@on y!n)

men))un!%!n ele%tri%!l ter(!!t Certic!l )yroscoe.

,!m4!r 10+. #onstru%si ele%tri%!l A5I

Vertic!l )yroscoe men))un!%!n motor !se enis s>uirrel

c!)e in(uction y!itu y!n) ter(iri (!ri se4u! rotor y!n) 4erut!r

+1.000 rm. 'istri% untu% men))er!%%!n rotor ini men))un!%!n

te)!n)!n 11/ VA& -00 5@ P!se.

P!(! instrument )yro ori@ont!l enyim!n)!n )ym4!l (!!t ter!(i

%!ren! !(!ny! )ese%!n (!ri !(! 4e!rin) (!n erut!r!n 4umi !t!u

er)er!%%!n es!"!t itu sen(iri. M!%! (!ri itu )yro ori@ont!l !rus

(ilen)%!i (en)!n se4u! !l!t en)!tur y!n) (in!m!%!n en)!tur

sistem ere%si 9erection system:.

Erection system ini 4er)un! untu% mene)!%!n %em4!li (!n men!)!

oros rotor )yro !(! osisi te)!%. A(! 4e4er!! erection system !(!em!%!i!n )yro ori@ont!l y!ituJ

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1.Sistem me%!ni%J

!: Sistim me%!ni% siri te)!% 9en(ulous C!ne unit:

&!r! %er! sistem ini (i(!s!r%!n u(!r! y!n) %elu!r (!ri (!l!m

c!se rotor. Unit (!ri sistem ini (i!s!n) (i 4!)i!n 4!"! c!se

rotor )yro (!n ter(iri (!ri em!t 4u! is!u 9en(el!: sec!r!

4er!s!n)!n !(! (u! 4u! oros y!n) s!lin) 4ersil!n)!n. U(!r!(!ri c!se rotor !%!n %elu!r mel!lui - en(el! setel! rotor

4erut!r.

Re!%si u(!r! y!n) %elu!r (!ri lu4!n) en(el! !%!n menim4ul%!n

)!y! !(! c!se*ny!. #!ren! en)!ru (!ri !(! 4er!tny! m!%!

u(!r! y!n) %elu!r (!ri lu4!n) en(el! 4er8un)si se4!)!i )!y!

%ontrol ter!(! )iro (!ri re!%si u(!r!. Bil!m!n! )iro su(!

4er(iri te)!% l!)i m!%! !lir!n u(!r! y!n) %elu!r (!ri - lu4!n)

en(el! !%!n ter4!)i s!m! sein))! re!%si te%!n!n u(!r!ny! un

s!m! (!n )!y! result!nte seti! sum4u 4er!(! (!l!m %e!(!!nseim4!n).

,!m4!r 10. Ere%si sistem me%!ni% siri te)!%

4: Sistem me%!ni% tie 4ol! 94!ll tye erection unit:

Unit ini memer)un!%!n )!y! resesi y!n) (i!%i4!t%!n !(!ny!

4er!t (!ri !(! 4ol!*4ol! !(! irin)!n ut!r y!n) (ilet!%%!n (i

c!se )yro.

<uml! 4ol!*4ol! terse4ut ter)!ntun) !(! tie instrumenny!.

Bol! (!!t 4er)er!% 4e4!s (!n (i)un!%!n untu% mem4eri%!n

re!%si 4il! ter!(i resesi y!n) (itim4ul%!n ole en)!ru

ut!r!n 4umi (!n )ese%!n 4ol! m!uun %eti(!%seim4!n)!n (!ri

!(! oer!siny! )iro itu sen(iri.

Ru!n)!n 4ol! (i4u!t se(emi%i!n ru! sein))! (!!t men)!tur

)er!% 4ol! terse4ut 4il! )yroscoe mirin) sein))! m!ss! 4ol!

(i%em4!li%!n sesu!i (en)!n %e(u(u%!n !(! irin) ere%siny!

untu% men(!!t%!n )!y! y!n) (ierlu%!n.

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Bol!*4ol! !%!n 4eru4! osisi se"!%tu ol(er 4erut!r. Tet!i

titi% 4er!t tet! (i us!t irin)!n ere%si. Den)!n %e!(!!n

(emi%i!n titi% 4er!t 4er!(! !(! us!t titi% 4er!t. le %!ren! itu

)!y! (ise%it!r sum4u 4er!(! (!l!m %e!(!!n seim4!n).

,!m4!r 10-. Ere%si sistem me%!ni% tie 4ol!

+. Sistem tor>ue motor (!n tom4ol (!t!r 9tor>uemotor (!n leCellin)

s"ict system: Sistem ini (i)un!%!n !(! )yro ori@on y!n)

oer!siny! (i)er!%%!n ole listri%. Sistem ini ter(iri (!ri (u! 4u!

tor>ue motor y!n) (ioer!si%!n ole mercury leCellin) s"itc 9tom4ol

(!t!r (en)!n !ir r!%s!: y!n) (i!s!n) se!!r (en)!n sum4u

melint!n) (!n s!tu l!)i se!!r (en)!n sum4u (e!n (!n 4el!%!n).

S"itc y!n) (i!s!n) melint!n) (i)un!%!n untu% men(ete%si

eru4!!n roll 9)!y! )ulin): !(! )yroscoe (!n (iu4un)%!n(en)!n tor>ue motor (i m!n! tor>ue y!n) te!t ter!(i !(! sum4u

itc 9itc !;is:. S"itc y!n) (i!s!n) !(! sum4u (e!n (!n

4el!%!n) )yro (i)un!%!n untu% men(ete%si eru4!!n itc (i m!n!

tor>ue y!n) te!t ter!(i !(! sum4u )ulin) 9roll !;is:.

,!m4!r 10/. Ere%si sistem me%!ni% ele%tri%

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Susun!n %onstru%si sistem ere%si in !(!l! !(!l!

!:Pitc tor>ue motor ter!s!n) (i4el!%!n) coil (!n st!tor !(! rin)4!)i!n lu!r.

4:Roll tor>ue motor y!itu ter!s!n) !(! rin) lu!r (!n st!tor !(! c!se

)yro

(.Dire$ti"nal (yr" In#i$at"r

Direction!l )yro in(ic!tor (i)un!%!n untu% men)et!ui !t!u

menunu%%!n !r! es!"!t sel!m! (!l!m ener4!n)!nny! 9seerti

!lny! m!)netic com!ss in(ic!tor: (!n mem4eri in8orm!si %e!(!

ener4!n) tent!n) 4es!rny! (er!!t enyim!n)!n (!ri !r! semul!.

Direction!l )yro in(ic!tor meru!%!n %om!s 4u!t!n.

,!m4!r 10?. Direction!l )yro in(ic!tor

D,I 4is! (ise4ut %om!s 4u!t!n !t!u %om!s n!Ci)!si. D,I

men))un!%!n )yroscoe se4!)!i sum4er ten!)! en))er!%ny! (im!n!

)yro terse4ut (!!t (i)er!%%!n (en)!n C!cuum um !t!u (en)!n

electric!l system.

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,!m4!r 107. #onstru%si me%!ni% D,I

S%!l! enunu%%!n !(! D,I !(!l! su!tu l!t lo)!m y!n) memuny!i(er!!t ?0 (im!n! seti! )!ris 4erinterC!l / 9seerti !lny! m!)netic

com!ss: (!n (ilen)%!i (en)!n lu44er line 9)!ris enuntun: se4!)!i

e(om!n em4!c!!n. Penyim!n)!n enunu%%!n !(! D,I ti(!% 4ole

mele4ii /.

Den)!n mene%!n (!n memut!r tom4ol !(! in(ic!tor s%!l!

enunu%%!n (!!t (isel!r!s%!n (en)!n m!)netic com!ss in(ic!tor.

D!l!m 8un)siny! se4!)!i enunu% !r! (irection!l )yro in(ic!tor le4i

4!i% (!ri!(! m!)netic com!ss (im!n! D,I t!n! 4!ny!% men)!l!mi)!n))u!n m!uun %es!l!!n y!n) (ise4!4%!n !(!ny! le!(in)

9%eter(e!n!n: !t!u l!))in) 9%eter4el!%!n)!n: seerti !lny! y!n)

(i!l!mi ole m!)netic com!ss.

#eun))ul!n D,I 4il! (i4!n(in)%!n (en)!n m!)netic com!ss in(ic!tor

!(!l! se4!)!i 4eri%ut J

!: D,I ti(!% teren)!ru ole )!y! %em!)net!n.

4: Be4!s (!ri !yun!n (!n enunu%!nny! s!n)!t e%!.

c: Penunu%%!n In(ic!tor ti(!% teren)!ru ole )er!%!n es!"!t

!(! s!!t J

Pes!"!t mel!%u%!n )er!%!n rollin).

Pes!"!t mel!%u%!n )er!%!n itcin).

Pes!"!t mel!%u%!n )er!%!n y!"in).

5.Turn An# Bank In#i$at"r

Turn !n( 4!n% in(ic!tor 4er8un)si untu% men)et!ui 4!"! es!"!t

mem4u!t su!tu 4elo%!n (!n menunu%%!n 4es!r*%ecilny! su(ut 4elo%!n

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terse4ut. Turn !n( 4!n% in(ic!tor men))un!%!n rinsi )yroscoe

se4!)!i en))er!%ny!.

,!m4!r 103. Turn sli in(ic!tor

Instrumen ini term!su% instrumen ut!m! (i (!l!m en))un!!n

instrumen ter4!n) 4ut! 94lin( Kyin) instrument:. P!(! es!"!t*es!"!t

4es!r seerti es!"!t tr!nsort (!n es!"!t y!n) le4i %omle% l!)i

instrumen ini (i)un!%!n ole ener4!n) untu% mem4!ntu mel!%u%!n

)er!%!n*)er!%!n mem4elo% (en)!n su(ut y!n) te!t sesu!i (en)!n

rose(ure es!"!tny!.

1. Turn in(ic!tor

Turn 4!n% in(ic!tor ter(iri (!ri (u! me%!nisme 1: Me%!nisme

!rum ointer y!n) (i%ontrol )yroscoe untu% menunu%%!n l!u4elo%!n 9r!te o8 turn: +: Me%!nisme untu% men)et!ui (!n

menunu%%!n %emirin)!n 94!n%:.

,!m4!r 106. Turn 4!n% in(ic!tor sesu!i sum4u es!"!t

Untu% men)et!ui sim!n)!n l!u 4elo%!n m!%! (i(!s!r%!n !(!

si8!t )yroscoe (!n )yroscoe recession 9enyim!n)!n )yroscoe:.

,yroscoe y!n) !(! !(! turn 4!n% in(ic!tor ini 4er4e(! (en)!n

)yroscoe y!n) !(! !(! instrumen (irection!l )yro in(ic!tor !t!u!(! )yroscoe ori@on. ,yroscoe y!n) !(! !(! turn 4!n%

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in(ic!tor !ny! memuny!i s!tu rin) )ym4!l (!n srin) y!n)

men)u4un)%!n rin) )ym4!l (en)!n c!se y!n) 4er)un! untu%

mem4!t!si )er!% !(! sum4uny!.

Bil! instrument 4er!(! !(! osisi norm!l %!ren! (it!!n ole srin)

m!%! sum4u ut!r )yroscoe !%!n tet! ori@ont!l (!n !rum ointer

tet! !(! enunu%!n nol 9@ero:. #!ren! ut!r!n rotor m!%! si8!tri)i(ity !%!n men!!n osisi ini.

A!4il! es!"!t 4elo% %e %iri rin) )ym4!l !(! sum4u lon)itu(in!l

!%!n u)! 4er4elo% tet!i %!ren! )er!%!n ini (ite%!n ole ri)i(ity

m!%! rotor !%!n recess 9menyim!n):.

Ar! enyim!n)!n !rum ointer (i(!!t (!ri si8!t*si8!t )yroscoe.

Su!tu 4elo%!n %e %iri menye4!4%!n 8orce 9)!y!: y!n) mene%!n

sum4u 4!)i!n (e!n (!ri rin) )ym4!l. 5!l ini !%!n men(oron) rotor

!(! titi% F. #emu(i!n ten!)!*ten!)! (oron) ini (iin(! 600

se!r!ut!r!n rotor 9(i titi% P: y!n) menye4!4%!n rin) )ym4!l menyim!n)

9tilt: !(! sum4u lon)itu(in!l.

Alur %er! ini meru!%!n rinsi (!s!r untu% men(ete%si l!u 4elo%!n

es!"!t 9r!te o8 turn:. Untu% enunu%!n mem4!t!si su(ut

enyim!n)!n 9!n)ul!r (eKection: m!%! rin) )ym4!l (i !s!n)i

srin) y!n) teru4un) (en)!n c!se. ,yroscoe y!n) menyim!n)

!t!u mirin) !%!n men!ri% srin) terse4ut (!n mence)! )er!% )iro

le4i l!nut. Den)!n %!t! l!in srin) 8orce meru!%!n u%ur!n l!u

4elo%!n !(! instrument turn 4!n% in(ic!tor .

,!m4!r 110. #onstru%si turn sli in(ic!tor

Su!tu sistem ere(!m )et!r!n 9oscill!tion (!mer: u)! (i!s!n)

(!n (!!t (isesu!i%!n 9!ust!4le: in))! ointer eru4!!n !r!

4elo%!n menuu%%!n l!u 4elo%!n y!n) ce!t (!n te!t.

Turn 4!n% in(ic!tor 9r!te )iro: ti(!% memerlu%!n su!tu erectin)

(eCice seerti !lny! !rti$ci!l ori@on %!ren! enunu%!n sel!lu(i%em4!li%!n ole !(!ny! srin) 9er:. <u)! se4!4 l!in !(!l! %!ren!

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!(! turn 4!n% in(ic!tor %ece!t!n ut!r rotor ti(!% terl!lu tin))i

%ir!*%ir! !ny! !nt!r! -000 * -/00 Rm.

D!l!m turn 4!n% in(ic!tor ter(!!t (u! in(ic!tor y!n) (i!(i%!n

s!tu !)!r memu(!%!n (!l!m memonitor )er!%!n es!"!t ter4!n).

Su!tu enyim!n)!n (!ri !rum ointer mem4eri in8orm!si tent!n)

4es!rny! (er!!t 4elo%!n es!"!t. Se(!n)%!n tem!t (im!n! 4ol!it!m 4er!(! mem4eri in8orm!si %emirin)!n es!"!t. In(ic!tor ini

4e%er! 4er(!s!r%!n si8!t enyim!n)!n (!n ri)i(ity (!ri ,yroscoe.

+.Sli in(ic!tor !t!u 4!n% in(ic!tor

Penunu%!n !(! instrumen turn !n( 4!n% in(ic!tor (is!min)

enunu%!n r!te o8 turn u)! (ilen)%!i (en)!n sli in(ic!tor

instrumen. Sli in(ic!tor ini untu% menunu%%!n !!%! es!"!t

su(! te!t !(! su(ut %emirin)!nny! !(! su!tu l!u em4elo%!n

y!n) (i%een(!%i. Al!t ini (!!t 4e%er! 4er(!s!r%!n !t!s (u!

m!c!m )!y! y!ituJ

,!y! )r!Cit!si

,!y! centri8u)!l

,!m4!r 111. Turn coor(in!tor

Prinsi me%!nisme sli in(ic!tor !(! (u! c!r! y!itu

Mem!%!i em4er!t (en)!n ointer

Me%!nisme em4er!t !(! sli in(ic!tor (en)!n mem!n8!!t%!n

)!y! )r!$t!si. ,!y! )r!Cit!si men!!n em4er!t in))! !rum

ointer menunu% nol.

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,!m4!r 11+. Posisi em4er!t !(! si%! es!"!t

<i%! (!l!m norm!l Ki)t )!y! )r!Cit!si !%!n men!!n em4er!t

in))! !rum ointer menunu% nol. ,!m4!r (i 4!"! meru!%!n

conto es!"!t 4elo% %e %iri !(! su(ut (en)!n %ece!t!n

tertentu.

P!(! s!!t es!"!t mem4elo% in(ic!tor c!se (!n s%!l! ointer

4er)er!% 4ers!m!*s!m! (en)!n es!"!t. S!!t 4elo% ini ter!(i

)!y! centri8u)!l y!n) men(oron) em4er!t %e lu!r (!ri titi%

4elo%!n tet!i !!4il! su(ut em4elo%!n te!t m!%! )!y!

)r!Cit!si (!n )!y! centri8u)!l !%!n s!m! 4es!r (!n !rum ointer

tet! !(! osisi nol (!n se)!ris (en)!n result!nte (!ri !(!

%e(u! )!y! terse4ut.

,!m4!r 11. ,!y! centri8u)!l le4i 4es!r (!ri )!y! )r!$t!si

<i%! su(ut em4elo%!n %ur!n) 9un(er 4!n%e(: m!%! es!"!t

!%!n s%i( 9terlem!r %e lu!r (!ri 4elo%!n:. D!l!m !l ini )!y!

centri8u)!l le4i 4es!r (!ri !(! )r!Cit!si sein))! em4er!t (!n

!rum 4er)er!% %e lu!r.

Demi%i!n u)! se4!li%ny! !!4il! su(ut em4elo%!n (ier4es!r

9oCer 4!n%e(: m!%! es!"!t !%!n ter!(i sli. 5!l ini %!ren!

)!y! )r!Cit!si !%!n le4i 4es!r (!ri!(! )!y! centri8u)!l

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sein))! !rum ointer (!n em4er!t !%!n 4er)er!% 4erl!"!n!n

(en)!n !(! "!%tu un(er 4!n%e(.

Mem!%!i t!4un) y!n) 4erisi c!ir!n 9inclinometer:.

P!(! sli in(ic!tor tie 4ol! (en)!n )el!s melen)%un)

9inclinometer: !(! rinsiny! !(!l! s!m! (en)!n tieem4er!t (!n !rum. Per4e(!!n !ny! terlet!% !(! )er!%!n (!ri

4ol! (im!n! )er!%!nny! 4erl!"!n!n (en)!n tie em4er!t (!n

!rum %!ren! )!y! y!n) 4e%er! l!n)sun) !(! 4ol!ny!.

P!(! s!!t 4elo% 9turnin): )!y! y!n) 4e%er! !(! 4ol! !(!l! )!y! 4er!t

9)r!$t!si: (!n )!y! centri8u)!l. <i%! %e(u! )!y! terse4ut ti(!% s!m!

m!%! !%!n ter!(i S'IP !t!u S#ID .

NRMA' J Ter!(i !!4il! r!te o8 turn se4!n(in) (en)!n su(ut !n)le o8

4!n%. Bol! !%!n 4er!(! (i ten)! 9@ero:. S'IP J Ter!(i !!4il! r!te o8 turn terl!lu el!n 4il! (i4!n(in)%!n

(en)!n su(ut !n)le o8 4!n%. Bol! !%!n %e !r! turnin) 9 %ur!n)

ru((er:.

S#ID J Ter!(i !!4il! r!te o8 turn le4i 4es!r (!ri!(! !n)le o8 4!n%.

P!(! %on(isi ini 4ol! !%!n %elu!r 9terl!lu 4!ny!% ru((er:.

,!m4!r 11-. Penunu%!n 4!n% in(ic!tor

Sum4er en))er!% turn !n( 4!n% in(ic!tor (en)!n listri% !rus se!r!umumny! (en)!n men))un!%!n Colt!se 1+ Colt !t!u +- Colt D&.

I.Ele$tr"ni$ Fli%*t Instrumen System - EFIS

D!l!m er%em4!n)!n te%nolo)i intrument es!"!t u(!r! tel!

men)!(osi te%nolo)i microrosesor y!n) men))un!%!n screen monitor

(!n multi8unction!l sisl!y 9MFD:. #euntun)!n (!ri en))un!!n

te%nolo)i microrosesor ini s!n)!t mem4!ntu (!l!m %erumit!n !ne%

instrument (!n mem4!ntu ener4!n) untu% mem8o%us%!n !(! !l!l

instrument y!n) entin) s!!.

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Sel!in itu en))un!!n microosesor u)! (im!%su(%!n untu%

men)em!t ru!n) (!n 4er!t instrument. Pes!"!t %elu!r!n ter4!ru

%e4!ny!%!n su(! men))un!%!n te%nolo)i microrosesor ini.

Fli)t instrument su(! men))un!%!n meto(e EFIS 9electronic Ki)t

instrument system: (!l!m men!mil%!n in(i%!torny!. D!l!m t!mil!n

l!y!r EFIS !%!n men!mil%!n semu! Ki)t instrument. T!mil!n EFISter(iri (!ri EADI 9electronic !ttitu(e (irector in(ic!tor: (!n E5SI

9electronic ori@ont!l situ!tion in(ic!tor:. EFIS memuny!i c!r! %er!

men))un!%!n sistem (i)it!l.

,!m4!r 11/. T!mil!n l!y!r EFIS

BAB > NA6I(ASI INSTRUMENT

A.Instrument !an#in% System

Instrument l!n(in) system 9I'S: meru!%!n instrument ele%troni%! y!n)

8un)si se4!)!i sistem em!n(u en(!r!t!n es!"!t u(!r!. Sistem ini

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mem4!ntu es!"!t u(!r! untu% men(!r!t te!t !(! centre line 9)!ris

ten)!: run"!y (!n (en)!n su(ut en(!r!t!n y!n) te!t.

Pem!n(u!n (il!%u%!n !)!r ilot men)et!ui !r!% es!"!t ter!(!

!re! en(!r!t!n 9touc(o"n @one: !(! run"!y.

Pem!n(u!n (il!%u%!n untu% men)!tur osisi %!n!n %iri 9center line:

es!"!t sein))! (!!t l!n(in) (en)!n te!t (i )!ris ten)!l!n(!s!n.

Pem!n(u!n (il!%u%!n untu% men)!tur osisi !t!s 4!"! es!"!t

sein))! (!!t l!n(in) (en)!n te!t !(! su(ut W 0 ter!(!

l!n(!s!n.

Ber(!s!r%!n 8un)si em!n(u!!n ter(!!t ti)! %omonen er!l!t!n y!n)

ter(!!t X!(! I'S y!itu J M!r%er 4e!con 'oc!li@er ,li(e sloe.

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,!m4!r 11?. S%em! %er! instrument l!n(in) system

1.M!r%er 4e!con

2!itu er!l!t!n n!Ci)!si y!n) mem4eri%!n in8orm!si 4eru! !u(io

(!n Cisu!l untu% men)et!ui !r!% es!"!t ter!(! run"!y. Ter(iri

(!ri M 9uter M!r%er: MM 9Mi((le M!r%er: IM 9Inner M!r%er:.

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,!m4!r 117. M!r%er 4e!con

uter m!r%er 9M:

uter m!r%er !(!l! er!l!t!n n!Ci)!si y!n) mem!nc!r%!n

)elom4!n) ele%trom!)neti% untu% mem4eri%!n in8orm!si %e ilot4!"! osisi es!"!t 4er!(! !(! !r!% 7 – 1+ #m (!ri tresol(

9uun) run"!y:. Per!l!t!n em!nc!r outer m!r%er (ilet!%%!n !(!

!r!% 7 – 1+ #m (!ri uun) run"!y sein))! !(! s!!t es!"!t

4er!(! te!t (i !t!s outer m!r%er m!%! es!"!t !%!n menerim!

in8orm!si 4!"! es!"!t 4er!(! !(! !r!% 7*1+ %m (!ri

tresol(.

In8orm!si y!n) (iterim! es!"!t 4eru! i(enti$%!si n!(! !n!n)

terutusutus 9(!s tone: 9YYY YYY: sec!r! terus menerus s!m!i

es!"!t ti(!% l!)i 4er!(! !(! !nc!r!n siny!l outer m!r%er !t!uti(!% 4er!(! (i !t!s er!l!t!n outer m!r%er.

Sel!in ter(en)!r (!s tone ilot u)! !%!n memonitor in(ic!tor

l!mu 4er"!rn! 4iru y!n) !%!n meny!l! s!!t es!"!t menerim!

siny!l outer m!r%er.

Mi((le m!r%er 9MM:

S!m! !lny! seerti outer m!r%er mi((le m!r%er u)!

mem!nc!r%!n )elom4!n) ele%trom!)neti% untu% mem4eri%!n

in8orm!si %e ilot (en)!n !r!% y!n) 4er4e(! (!ri M y!itu 10/0

#m (!ri tresol( 9uun) run"!y:. Per!l!t!n em!nc!r outer

m!r%er (ilet!%%!n !(! !r!% 10/0 #m (!ri uun) run"!y

sein))! !(! s!!t es!"!t 4er!(! te!t (i !t!s outer m!r%er

m!%! es!"!t !%!n menerim! in8orm!si 4!"! es!"!t 4er!(!

!(! !r!% 10/0 %m (!ri tresol(. P!(! !re! ini ilot !rus

su(! men)!m4il %eutus!n !!%! (i! su(! si! (!n !(!

osisi y!n) te!t untu% l!n(in) !t!u ti(!%. <i%! ilot mer!s! 4elum

si! l!n(in) (i! !rus se)er! memutus%!n untu% )o !rroun(

9%em4!li l!)i !(! osisi en(e%!t!n:.

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In8orm!si y!n) (iterim! es!"!t 4eru! i(enti$%!si n!(! !n!n)

(!n sin)%!t 4er)!nti!n 9(!s (ot tone: 9YYY o YYY: sec!r! terus

menerus s!m!i es!"!t ti(!% l!)i 4er!(! !(! !nc!r!n siny!l

mi((le m!r%er !t!u ti(!% 4er!(! (i !t!s er!l!t!n mi((le m!r%er.

Sel!in ter(en)!r (!s (ot tone ilot u)! !%!n memonitor

in(ic!tor l!mu 4er"!rn! !m4er y!n) !%!n meny!l! s!!t es!"!tmenerim! siny!l mi((le m!r%er.

Inner m!r%er 9IM:

Inner m!r%er ti(!% seerti m!r%er 4e!con l!inny! inner m!r%er

!r!n) (i!%!i !(! 4!n(!r u(!r! (i In(onesi! %eren! !r!%

!n(!n) 9Cisi4ility: ilot m!si rel!ti8 4!i%. Inner m!r%er 4i!s!ny!

(i)un!%!n (i 4!n(!r u(!r! y!n) 4er!(! !(! (!er! 4ers!lu (!n

4er%!4ut (im!n! Cisi4ility (e%!t. Per!l!t!n ini mem!nc!r%!n

)elom4!n) ele%trom!)neti% untu% mem4eri%!n in8orm!si %e ilot

(en)!n !r!% -/0 m (!ri tresol( 9uun) run"!y:.

In8orm!si y!n) (iterim! es!"!t 4eru! i(enti$%!si n!(! sin)%!t

terutusutus 9(ot tone: 9YYY o YYY: sec!r! terus menerus s!m!i

es!"!t ti(!% l!)i 4er!(! !(! !nc!r!n siny!l inner m!r%er !t!u

ti(!% 4er!(! (i !t!s er!l!t!n inner m!r%er.

Sel!in ter(en)!r (ot tone ilot u)! !%!n memonitor in(ic!tor

l!mu 4er"!rn! uti y!n) !%!n meny!l! s!!t es!"!t

menerim! siny!l mi((le m!r%er.

+. 'oc!li@er

2!itu er!l!t!n n!Ci)!si y!n) mem4eri%!n in8orm!si men)en!i

%elurus!n es!"!t (en)!n )!ris ten)! l!n(!s!n

,!m4!r 113. 'oc!li@er

'oc!li@er 4e%er! !(! r!n)e 8re%uensi 103.00 * 11+.00 M@ (en)!n

!r!% erseulu!n )!nil. Perseulu!n )en! (i)un!%!n untu% VR

9V5F mni(irection!l R!(io R!n)e:. Se4!)!i conto I'S III 9%o(e

4!n(!r! Su%!rno 5!tt!: run"!y 07 ri)t memili%i 8re%uensi loc!li@er

110./0 M@ se(!n)%!n 8re%uensi VR*ny! !(!l! 11.?0 M@.

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Fre%uensi ini (i!nc!r%!n ole !nten! c!rrier y!n) (ilet!%%!n (i

ten)! !nt!r! !nten! 1/0 5@ (!n 60 5@. Anten! loo mem!nc!r%!n

siny!l y!n) %emu(i!n (imo(ul!si%!n (en)!n 8re%uensi c!rrier (i

u(!r!. Mo(ul!si seerti ini (ise4ut S!ce Mo(ul!tion. Anten!

'oc!li@er ter(iri (!ri 1?*+- 4u! !ntenn! loo (!n 1 4u! !nten!

c!rrier.

. ,li(e sloe

2!itu Per!l!t!n N!Ci)!si y!n) mem4eri%!n in8orm!si su(ut

en(!r!t!n es!"!t W 0 ter!(! run"!y. ,li(e sloe 4er8un)si

untu% men)!r!%!n es!"!t !)!r (!!t men(!r!t !(! su(ut

luncur tertentu sec!r! !m!n sein))! terin(!r (!ri %emun)%in!n

ZCersoot m!uun ZUn(ersoo(.

,!m4!r 116. ,li(e sloe

Per!l!t!n n!Ci)!si )li(e sloe ti(!% !u 4er4e(! (en)!n loc!li@er

!(! 4entu% mo(ul!si (!n 8re%uensi loony!. ,li(e sloe u)!

mem!nc!r%!n 8re%uensi c!rrier (!n loo. ,li(e sloe mem4eri%!n

in8orm!si su(ut en(!r!t!n 0 (en)!n men)%om4in!si%!n 8re%uensi

loo 1/0 5@ (!n 60 5@ men))un!%!n + 4u! !nten! Certi%!l (!l!m 1

4u! ti!n). Su(ut 0 (i!sil%!n i%! loo 1/0 5@ se4!n(in) (en)!n

1/0 5@.

#e(u! 8re%uensi ini !%!n (i4!n(in)%!n setel! (iterim! ole es!"!t

u(!r! untu% meli!t !!%! es!"!t su(! memm4entu% su(ut 0

!t!u 4elum. In(ic!tor y!n) terli!t (i coc%it es!"!t 4eru! !rum

se4!)!i t!n(! su(ut 0.

<i%! es!"!t men(!!t%!n 8re%uensi loo (omin!n 1/0 5@ !rum

!%!n 4er)er!% %e !t!s !rtiny! su(ut en(!r!t!n es!"!t terl!lu

ren(! !t!u es"!t t!lu ren(! untu% l!n(in) m!%! ilot !rus

men!i%%!n es!"!t s!m!i !rum te!t (i ten)!. Be)itu u)!

se4!li%ny! i%! es!"!t men(!!t%!n 8re%uensi loo (omin!n 60 5@

!rum !%!n 4er)er!% %e 4!"! !rtiny! su(ut en(!r!t!n es!"!t

4er!(! terl!lu 4es!r !t!u es!"!t terl!lu tin))i untu% l!n(in) m!%!

ilot !rus menurun%!n %etin))i!n es!"!t s!m!i !rum te!t (i

ten)!.

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



S!!t %omosisi 8re%uensi loo 1/0 5@ (!n 60 5@ seim4!n) !rtiny!

es!"!t 4er!(! !(! su(ut en(!r!t!n y!n) !m!n 9te!t: (!n

es!"!t su(! (!l!m osisi y!n) 4en!r untu% l!n(in).

Anten! )li(e sloe (i!s!n) 4u! 4ertin)%!t Certi%!l 1 4u! !nten!

c!rrier (i!s!n) (i!nt!r! + 4u! !nten! loo seerti )!m4!r (i

4!"!.B.Dire$t Rea#in% "m)ass

Direct re!(in) m!)netic com!ss (i)un!%!n untu% men)et!ui !t!u

menunu%%!n !r! es!"!t sel!m! (!l!m ener4!n)!nny! !t!u !r!

es!"!t ter!(! m!)net 4umi m!uun ter!(! s!l! s!tu !r!

9mis!lny! ut!r! sel!t!n timur (!n 4!r!t: sesu!i (en)!n meri(i!n

m!)net 4umi.

,!m4!r 1+0. M!)netic com!ss

Prinsi %er! !(! %om!s m!)net (i(!s!r%!n !t!s su!tu re!%si !nt!r!

me(!n m!)net (!ri erm!nent m!)net (!n me(!n m!)net (i se%elilin)

4umi. Direct re!(in) m!)netic com!ss meru!%!n !l!t n!Ci)!si y!n)

entin) (!l!m ertolon)!n ert!m! (i (!l!m es!"!t. D!l!m %e!(!!n

(!rur!t m!)netic com!ss in(ic!tor (i)un!%!n se4!)!i (!s!r

enunu%%!n (!n eritun)!n 4!)i In(ic!tor y!n) l!in 9D,I (!n RMI:.

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,!m4!r 1+1. M!)net 4umi

M!)netic com!ss (i)un!%!n !(! es!"!t ter4!n) %ecil 9es!"!t (ulu:

se4!)!i enunu% !r! y!n) ut!m!. Se(!n)%!n !(! es!"!t ter4!n)

se%!r!n) y!n) memuny!i er!l!t!n instrument y!n) le4i len)%!

9seerti in(ic!tin) com!ss (!n ertolon)!n !(C!nce( n!Ci)!si l!in:

M!)netic com!ss (i)un!%!n se4!)!i re8erensi enunu% !r!.

Sec!r! rinsi m!)net memuny!i ti)! si8!t umum y!itu

M!)net erm!nen !%!n sel!lu men!ri% oton)!n*oton)!n 4esi (!n

4!!.

D!y! t!ri% m!)net erm!nen !%!n 4er%onsentr!si !(! ti!*ti!

uun)ny!.

A!4il! m!)net erm!nen (i)!ntun)%!n ori@ont!l m!%! i! !%!n(i!m (!n menunu% !r! ut!r! (!n sel!t!n.

,!m4!r 1++. Si8!t m!)net erm!nen

Uun) m!)net y!n) menunu% ut!r! (ise4ut %utu4 ut!r! (!n uun) y!n)

menunu% sel!t!n (ise4ut u)! %utu4 sel!t!n. A!4il! (u! 4u! m!)net(i4!"! 4ers!m!*s!m! (!n uun) (en)!n uun) (i(e%!t%!n l!lu uun)*

uun) (!ri !(! %e(u! m!)net itu s!lin) t!ri%*men!ri% m!%! uun)*uun)

(!ri !(! %e(u! m!)net itu !(!l! ti(!% sen!m! 9%utu4 ut!r! (!n %utu4

sel!t!n:. Tet!i !!4il! %e(u! uun)*uun) m!)net itu s!lin) tol!%*

menol!% m!%! %e(u! uun)*uun) m!)net itu sen!m! y!itu %utu4

sel!t!n (en)!n %utu4 sel!t!n !t!u %utu4 ut!r! (en)!n %utu4 ut!r!. Si8!t*

si8!t %em!)net!n terse4ut (i !t!s !(!l! s!l! s!tu u%um %em!)net!n.

,!y! t!ri% men!ri% !t!u tol!%menol!% !nt!r! %e (u! %utu4 4er4!n(in)

ter4!li% (en)!n %u!(r!t !r!% !nt!r! m!)net (en)!n m!)net.

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Momen m!)net (!ri !(! su!tu m!)net memuny!i su!tu ten(ensi

untu% memut!r%!n !t!u (iut!r ole m!)net l!in.

Momen m!)net inil! y!n) (i!%!i se4!)!i sy!r!t untu% men(es!in

%om!s !(! es!"!t ter4!n). #e%u!t!n momen se(emi%i!n ru! (!n

sistem (ete%si m!)net !%!n se)er! 4ere!%si (en)!n )!y! me(!n

m!)net 9(ien)!rui ole !n!n) (!n %e%u!t!n %utu m!)net !rus

(ier!ti%!n:.

B!!n m!teri!l m!)net 4u!t!n ter4!)i men!(i (u! enis !r( iron 94esi

%er!s: (!n so8t iron 94esi lun!%:. Istil! ini (i)un!%!n untu% mem4eri

4erm!c!m*m!c!m si8!t %em!)net!n sesu!i (en)!n m!teri!l y!n) (!!t

(i4u!t. M!teri!l seerti co4!lt (!n tun)sten !(!l! tie !r( m!teri!l

%!ren! m!teri!l terse4ut sulit untu% (i!(i%!n m!)net tet!i se%!li !(i

m!)net i! !%!n t!!n l!m! seerti !lny! erm!nent m!)netism

9m!)net tet!:.

M!teri!l y!n) (i)olon)%!n (!l!m so8t m!teri!l !(!l! m!teri!l y!n)mu(! (i!(i%!n m!)net seerti silicon (!n 4i!s!ny! si8!t

%em!)net!nny! mu(! il!n).

1.&!r! %er! m!)netic com!ss in(ic!tor

Su!tu eristi"! y!n) ter!(i !(! se4u! es!"!t ter4!n) y!n) !%!n

ter4!n) !ny! memuny!i tuu!n untu% ter4!n) (!ri su!tu titi% %e

titi% l!in !(! su!tu 4!)i!n 4umi (en)!n c!r! y!n) ce!t (!n te!t

(en)!n men))un!%!n n!Ci)!si u(!r!.

,!m4!r 1+. ,!ris )!y! m!)net 4umi

Permu%!!n 4umi (i4!)i men!(i )!ris*)!ris lint!n) (!n )!ris*)!ris

4uur y!n) mem4eri%!n sistim %isi*%isi 9! )ri( system: untu% su!tu

enem!t!n (!n !r!. M!)net %ecil y!n) 4erut!r ter)!ntun) 4!i%

itu (i u(!r! !t!u men)em4!n) !(! c!ir!n (i se4u! c!se !%!n

sel!lu menyesu!i%!n sen(iri (en)!n )!ris*)!ris )!y! m!)net 4umi.Pen))un!!n %om!s ini se4!)!i !to%!n 9re8erensi: n!Ci)!si.

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,!m4!r 1+-. #onstru%si m!)netic com!ss

Sum4er ten!)! en))er!% m!)netic com!ss in(ic!tor ini !(!l!

)!y! %em!)net!n. Penunu%%!n !(! in(ic!tor men))un!%!n s!tu!n(er!!tG. Ter(iri (!ri 4e4er!! )!ris (im!n! seti! )!ris 4erinterC!l

/0. B!)i!n met!l y!n) men)!n(un) 4esi (!n %!"!t*%!"!t 9c!4le:

y!n) (i!liri !rus listri% cen(erun) men!ri% m!)net !(! com!ss

in(ic!tor (!n !%!n menye4!4%!n ter!(iny! %es!l!!n 9error: (!l!m

enunu%!!nny!. #es!l!!n*%es!l!!n ini y!n) (ise4ut (eCi!siG.

+.Persy!r!t!n m!)netic com!ss in(ic!tor

Untu% (!!t (i)un!%!n sec!r! te!t (!n esien m!%! seti!

instrument m!)net com!ss !rus memenui sy!r!t y!itu

osisiny! )!rus sel!lu (!t!r

9ori@ont!lity: sensiti8 9sensitiCity: !erio(i%L(e!( 4e!t 9!rio(icity:.

!: 5ori@ont!lity

B!)i!n ut!m! (!ri se4u! %om!s !(!l! 4!t!n) m!)net !t!u

!rum m!)net. Untu% men(!!t%!n su!tu enunu%!n y!n) te!t

(!n e$sien !(! %om!s !rum m!)net !rus 4en!r*4en!r (!l!m

osisi men(!t!r !t!u ori@ont!l.

Untu% memenui %etentu!n (i !t!s 4!t!n) m!)net (i)!ntun)%!n

!(! su!tu r!n)%! y!n) melen)%un) %emu(i!n (itumu !t!u

(is!n))! ole iCot y!n) (ilet!%%!n (i !t!s se4u! m!)%o% 9cu:.

Sec!r! %eseluru!n !l!t ini menyeru!i su!tu 4!ntul en(ulum

9en(ulous system:.

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,!m4!r 1+/. #onstru%si m!)netic com!ss

Su(! men!(i si8!t %em!)net!n m!%! 4!t!n) m!)net y!n)

ter)!ntun) 4e4!s !%!n sel!lu lurus se)!ris (en)!n )!ris )!y!

m!)net 4umi. Ar! )!ris*)!ris )!y! m!)net ti(!% sel!luori@ont!l. Sem!%in (e%!t %e %utu4 m!)net 4umi )!ris)!ris

)!y!ny! !%!n sem!%in lurus Certi%!l. M!%in !u 4!t!n) m!)net

(!ri e>u!tor m!)net 4umi m!%! m!)net terse4ut m!%in

menun(u% %e 4!"!.

M!%in (e%!t (en)!n %utu4*%utu4 m!)net 4umi m!%in sulit untu%

menco4! melet!%%!n 4!t!n) m!)net !(! osisi men(!t!r.

5in))! !(! su!tu 4!t!s (!er! tertentu mul!i (!ri lint!n) 70

ut!r! !t!u sel!t!n %e !t!s m!)net %om!s (i es!"!t su(!

ti(!% 4er8un)si l!)i.

#esimul!n (!ri %eter!n)!n (i!t!s i!l! 4!"! em4!c!!n

instrument m!)net %om!s y!n) !lin) te!t i%! es!"!t

ter4!n) (!l!m osisi ter4!n) lurus (!n (!t!r 9str!i)t !n( 'eCel

Ki)t:.

4: SensitiCity

Sy!r!t %e(u! y!n) !rus (ienui !)!r m!)net %om!s (!!t

(i!%!i sec!r! e$sien !(!l! !rus sensitiCe. SensitiCity !t!u

%ee%!!!n su!tu %om!s (itentu%!n ole 4e4er!! 8!ctor !nt!r!l!in 4!"! seti! 4!t!n) m!)net y!n) ter)!ntun) 4e4!s !%!n

sel!lu melurus%!n (en)!n )!ris*)!ris )!y! m!)net 4umi

sein))! %em!mu!n melurus (!ri 4!t!n) m!)net 4umi terse4ut

s!n)!t ter)!ntun) (!ri %u!t !t!u lem!ny! )!y! m!)net 4umi

y!n) memen)!ruiny!.

2!n) (im!%su( )!y! m!)net 4umi (isini i!l! )!ris*)!ris )!y!

y!n) !r!ny! men(!t!rL ori@ont!l. F!%tor y!n) l!in !(!l!

momen m!)net !rtiny! m!%in 4es!r momen m!)net su!tu

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4!t!n) m!)net %om!s m!%! %om!s !%!n le4i sensitiCe (!l!m

menunu% !r! Ut!r! (!n Sel!t!n.

Momen m!)net ter)!ntun) (!ri !n!n) 4!t!n) m!)net (!n

%e%u!t!n me(!n m!)netny!. 5!l ini 4is! (ienui (en)!n

mem!s!n) (u! in))! - 4!t!n) m!)net !(! unit %om!s.

Den)!n 4!ny!% 4!t!n) m!)net m!%! %utu4*%utu4 m!)netny!!%!n %u!t. Den)!n %utu4 m!)net y!n) %u!t m!%! %om!s !%!n

senstitiCe. #ee%!!n u)! (!!t 4ert!m4! (en)!n %onstru%si

(!ri %om!sny! sen(iri

B!t!n) m!)net y!n) ter)!ntun) 4e4!s memuny!i titi% ut!r

y!n) (is!n))! ole se4u! !rum !t!u iCot y!n) (item!t%!n %e

(!l!m su!tu m!n)%u% s!ire 9s!ire cu: (!n menumu

!(! su!tu eny!n))! 9suort:.

Den)!n %onstru%si %om!s seerti (i!t!s m!%! %oe$sien )eser!n9iCot 8riction: (!!t (ier%ecil. P!(! enis %om!s (en)!n

enunu%%!n Certic!l 9Certic!l c!r( com!ss: (i(!l!m m!n)%u%

!t!u ru!n)!n %om!s 9com!ss 4o"l: (iisi (en)!n su!tu c!ir!n.

&!ir!n ini (is!min) (im!%su( untu% memer%ecil %oe$sien

)eser!n u)! se%!li)us untu% melum!si 9lu4ric!tion: iCot (!n

m!n)%u%ny!.

c:Aerio(i%L(e!( 4e!t 9!rio(icity:

Su!tu unit m!)net %om!s (im!n! 4!t!n) m!)nitny! menunu%

!r! ut!r! (!n sel!t!n %utu4 m!)nit 4umi %emu(i!n 4!t!n)m!)net terse4ut (iru4! !r!ny! m!%! unit %om!s terse4ut

!%!n 4erossil!si 9oscill!te: terle4i (ulu %emu(i!n !%!n %em4!li

menunu% !r! ut!r! (!n sel!t!n %utu4 m!)net 4umi. Ten(ensi

ossil!si inil! y!n) (ise4ut erio(e !t!u cycle.

2!n) (im!%su( (en)!n !erio(i% !(!l! !!4il! unit m!)nit

%om!s (isele"en)%!n !r! %utu4*%utu4ny! m!%! untu% %em4!li

%e !r! semul! t!n! !rus men)!l!mi ossil!si (!n

enunu%%!nny! !rus te!t seerti semul! ti(!% men))eser

9oCersootin):. Untu% ini (i!%!i 4e4er!! c!r! !nt!r! l!inJ

P!n!n) 4!t!n) m!)net (ieren(e% sein))! momenny!

%ecil.

Di (!l!m m!n)%u% 9cu: !t!u (!l!m ru!n)!n %om!s

9com!ss 4o"l: (iisi (en)!n su!tu c!ir!n %usus y!n)

8un)siny! !(!l! se4!)!i ere(!m 9(!min): ossil!si. P!(!

enis %om!s y!n) l!in ere(!m ossil!si (!!t u)! mem!%!i

se!s!n) %!"!t ere(!m 9(!min) "ire: y!n) (i!s!n)%!n

men(!t!r (!n s!lin) te)!% lurus.

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. #es!l!!n – %es!l!!n !(! com!ss

!: V!ri!tion

V!ri!tion !(!l! su!tu )!ris*)!ris (!ri su!tu %utu4*%utu ilmu

Bumi y!n) (i!%!i se4!)!i !to%!n (!l!m ilmu ener4!n)!n (!n

ti(!% s!m! (en)!n %utu4*%utu4 m!)net 4umi y!n) (!!t %it!

li!t !(! )!m4!r !(! et! Ameri%! Seri%!t )!ris*)!ris C!ri!sis!m! y!itu melint!n) ter!(! ne)!r! terse4ut sein))! %e(u!

%utu4ny! se!!r m!%! ti(!% erlu em4etul!n A%!n tet!i untu%

)!ris !r)onic timur %es!l!!n C!ri!si !rus (i%ur!n)%!n (!ri true

course untu% men(!!t%!n m!)netic course 4e)ituun )!ris*

)!ris 4!r!t m!)netic course y!n) le4i 4es!r (!ri!(! true

course. Pem4etul!n (il!%u%!n sec!r! eritun)!n y!n) teliti

9m!tem!tic!l comut!tion: ole ener4!n).

,!m4!r 1+?. ,!ris C!ri!tion

4: DeCi!tion 9(eCi!si:

B!)i!n met!l y!n) men)!n(un) 4esi (!n %!"!t*%!"!t 9c!4le:

y!n) (i!liri !rus listri% cen(erun) men!ri% m!)net !(! %om!s

(!n !%!n menim4ul%!n %es!l!!n 9error:.

#es!l!!n ini y!n) (ise4ut (eCi!si. Den)!n !(!ny! %es!l!!n*

%es!l!!n ini es!"!t erlu (i!(!%!n s"in) com!s (i m!n!

%es!l!!n terse4ut (i%ore%si s!m!i se%ecil mun)%in. Untu%

men)!(!%!n s"in) com!ss m!%! es!"!t (i4!"! %e %om!srose y!itu su!tu !lur y!n) ter(e%!t (i lu!r l!n(!s!n y!n) m!n!

tem!t terse4ut ti(!% !(! me(!n m!)net (!ri lu!r. 'i!t )!m4!r

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,!m4!r 1+7. &om!ss rose

-. S"in) com!ss

Betul%!n %e(u(u%!n %om!s (!l!m es!"!t sein))! lu44er line

(!l!m %om!s se!!r (en)!n osisi (!ri !(! es!"!t. Put!r (!n!tur scre" en)!tur !(! m!)neti% %omens!tor sein))! titi% 9(ot:

y!n) !(! !(! %omens!tor itu 4ertemu (en)!n titi% 9(ot: !(!

m!sin)*m!sin) en)!tur.

Pes!"!t (i!r!%!n se!n!n) )!ris m!)net ut!r! (en)!n %on(isi

en)ine 4erut!r sert! er!n)%!t %elistri%!n (!n r!(io (ii(u%!n

(im!n! !l!t !l!t terse4ut memen)!rui !(!ny! (eCi!si

9enyim!n)!n: com!ss m!)netic. &!t!t (eCi!si y!n) !(! !(!

!r! ini. D!n sel!nutny! es!"!t !r!%!n !(! osisi sel!t!n

(emi%i!n u)! c!t!t (eCi!siny!. Sein))! (!!t (iitun)%oe$cienny! y!itu %o$cien &. Di m!n! (eCi!si ut!r! (i%ur!n)i (eCi!si

sel!t!n (i4!)i (u!.

Atur scre" en)!tur ut!r! * sel!t!n 9 N*S : sesu!i (en)!n

en)ur!n)!n !t!u en!m4!!n (!ri !(! enunu%!n %om!s

(en)!n !sil (!ri %oecien &. Demi%i!n u)! untu% %it! itun)

%oe$ecien B y!itu (eCi!tion 9(eCi!si: timur %ur!n)i (eCi!si 4!r!t

(i4!)i (u! sein))! enunu%!n !r! 4!r!t (i%ur!n)i !t!u (it!m4!

(en)!n %oecien B. Put!r (ot 9titi%: !(! %omens!tor (!n li!t

enunu%%!n !(! %om!s s!m!i menunu% lu44er*line (!n !n)%!!(! (i!l sesu!i (en)!n !sil %ore%si.

Setel! %ore%si %oecien B 4!rul! se%!li l!)i !(! ti!*ti! titi%

(!l!m %om!s rose %it! eri%s! sein))! %it! men(!!t%!n su!tu

(!8t!r enunu%!n %om!s y!n) !%!n %it! c!t!t !(! %!rtu %om!s

9com!ss c!r(: y!n) !%!n %it! temel (!l!m ru!n)!n ilot y!n)

mu(! (ili!t se4!)!i !to%!n (!l!m menentu%!n !r! ter4!n)

es!"!t terse4ut.

!: Al!s!n (il!%u%!n s"in) com!ss

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Se4!)!i er!l!t!n enunu% !r! 4!)i es!"!t ter4!n) m!)netic

com!ss in(ic!tor !rus men(!!t%!n %!li4r!si sec!r! 4er%!l!

(en)!n c!r! (il!%u%!n s"in) com!ss 5!l ini 4ertuu!n untu%

mem4etul%!n s!m!i se%ecil mun)%in ter!(iny! %es!l!!n*

%es!l!!n (!l!m enunu%%!n.

A!4il! ter!(i enyim!n)!n enunu%%!n m!%simum +/(!n *+/.

Seti! + t!un usi! em!%!i!n. 9se!% 4!ruLel!%s!n!!n S"in)

&om!ss ter!%ir:

Seti! mel!%s!n!%!n en))!nti!n En)ine es!"!t "in)s (!n

Ki)t control system.

Pes!"!t men!l!ni er4!i%!n tin)%!t 4er!t 94!i% ter!(!

en)ine m!uun !ircr!8t structure:.

4: T!t!c!r! (!n ersy!r!t!n mel!%s!n!%!n s"in) com!ss J

'!%s!n!%!n (i tem!t y!n) lu!s (!n !u (!ri )e(un) !t!u

4!n)un!n y!n) men)!n(un) m!)net !t!u ten!)! listri%.

Petu)!s ti(!% (iiin%!n men))un!%!n 4!r!n) erlen)%!!n

y!n) men)!n(un) 4esi !t!u m!)net 9sen!t! !rloi cincin (ll:.

.Ra#i" Ma%neti$ In#i$at"r -RMI

R!(io m!)netic in(ic!tor 4er8un)si se4!)!i com!ss ADF (!n VR

,!m4!r 1+3. RMI 4er"!rn! %unin) ADF 4er"!rn! i!u com!ss

4er"!rn! uti

D.Aut"mati"n Dire$ti"n Fin#er -ADF

Autom!tion (irection $n(er 4er8un)si untu% menentu%!n !r! 4e!rin)

!t!u !r! e!(in) es!"!t ter!(! su!tu st!tion r!(io y!n) se(!n)

(iterim!. Sel!in itu (en)!n 4er(!s!r%!n (u! !t!u le4i st!tion r!(io

y!n) (iterim! (!!t (i%et!ui osisi es!"!t 4er(!s!r%!n et!ener4!n)!n.

11+

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,!m4!r 1+6. ADF 4e!rin) st!tion

&!r! %er! sistem ADF 4e!rin) st!tion !(!l! %e!l! es!"!t (i!n))!sel!lu men)!(! %e !r! ut!r!. Be!rin) In(ic!tor y!n) ter(!!t (i

es!"!t men!mil%!n !r! Be!rin) su!tu r!(io st!tion rel!tiCe ter!(!

!r! i(un) es!"!t.

11

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,!m4!r 10. Penunu%!n t!rc% ADF in(ic!tor

BAB ? AU@I!!IAR3 INSTRUMENT

Au;illi!ry 9miscell!neous: instrument !(!l! er!l!t!n (i(!l!m se4u!

es!"!t ter4!n) y!n) (ier)un!%!n untu% men)et!ui %e!(!!n es!"!t

(im!n! instrument terse4ut ti(!% term!su% (!l!m en)ine instrument Ki)t

instrument (!n n!Ci)!tion instrument.

Au;illi!ry J Per!l!t!n 4!ntu

Miscell!neous J Ru!*ru! <enis*enis.

Au;illi!ry instrument t!m4!!n ini (im!%su(%!n untu% mem4eri%!n in(i%!sietunu% %e!(! ener4!n) y!n) l!in !)!r (!!t men)et!ui %e!(!!n

11-

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



es!"!t sec!r! le4i !sti !(! "!%tu mener4!n)%!n es!"!tny!

sein))! !%!n le4i men!min %esel!m!t!n ener4!n)!n (!n u)! ter4!n)

y!n) le4i menyen!n)%!n. M!c!m*m!c!m instrumen t!m4!!n !(!

se4u! es!"!t ter4!n) !nt!r! l!in J

St!ll !rnin) System

An)le 8 Att!c%

'!n(in) ,e!rs Position

In(ic!tor

Fl!s Position In(ic!tor

&loc% !t!u Sto !tc

V!cuum ,!)e !t!u Suction

,!u)eA.Stall 0arnin% System

St!ll "!rnin) system 4er8un)si untu% men)in)!t%!n ener4!n) !!4il!

es!"!t su(! men(e%!ti %e!(!!n st!ll. St!ll "!rnin) system

menunu%%!n %ece!t!n es!"!t su(! s!n)!t ren(! (!n es!"!t

men(e%!ti %e!(!!n st!ll !t!u %eil!n)!n (!y! !n)%!t 9li8t:. Per!l!t!n

st!ll "!rnin) system ter(iri (!ri (u! m!c!m y!itu

!: Electric st!ll "!rnin) system.

Men))un!%!n se4u! li8t tr!n(ucer !t!u st!ll "!rnin) C!ne y!n)

(item!t%!n !)!% menonol %elu!r !(! le!(in) e()e "in) !(!

4!)i!n ten)!. Penem!t!n st!ll "!rnin) C!ne !(! titi% st!)n!si

9st!)n!tion oint: y!itu titi% (im!n! !lir!n u(!r! teris! men!(i

(u! 4!)i!n. Se4!)i!n men)!lir (i !t!s s!y! (!n se4!)i!n l!)i

men)!lir (i 4!"! s!y!.

,!m4!r 11. St!ll "!rnin) C!ne

A!4il! 4!)i!n nose section es!"!t n!i% su(ut u(!r! y!n)men)!lir men!4r!% s!y! !%!n 4ert!m4!. Sein))! st!)n!tion

oint 4er)er!% turun. P!(! %ece!t!n se%it!r /*10 %nots (i !t!s

st!llin) see( st!ll "!rnin) C!ne !%!n ter!n)%!t (!n

men))er!%%!n se4u! micros"itc.

Micros"itc ini !%!n meny!l!%!n se4u! l!mu 4er"!rn! mer!

!(! instrument !nel !t!u mem4unyi%!n se4u! 4u@@er untu%

men)in)!t%!n ener4!n) 4!"! es!"!t ter4!n) men(e%!ti

st!ll.

11/

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



4: Non electric st!ll "!rnin) system.

Sistem ini men))un!%!n me%!nisme !lir!n u(!r! y!n) mel!lui

se4u! Ci4r!tin) ree(. Non electric st!ll "!rnin) system ini s!m!

se%!li ti(!% ter)!ntun) !(! sistem %elistri%!n !%!n tet!i

(i)er!%%!n ole !lir!n u(!r! mel!lui se4u! Ci4r!tin) ree(.

P!(! s!!t es!"!t norm!l Ki)t 9leCel Ki)t: lu4!n) u(!r! y!n)ter(!!t !(! (!er! se4elum st!ll "!rnin) ree( men(!!t

te%!n!n ositi (!n !%i4!tny! ree( ti(!% 4er)et!r 9un*Ci4r!te:.

,!m4!r 1+. 'u4!n) Ci4r!tin) ree(

Tet!i 4il! !n)le o8 !tt!c% 9AA: 4ert!m4! (!er! y!n)

4erte%!n!n ren(! (i!t!s st!)n!tion oint 4er)er!% %e!t!s lu4!n)

m!su% %e ree( (!n !silny! ree( mul!i 4er)et!r.

Seti! eru4!!n !n)le o8 !tt!c% !%!n men)!%i4!t%!n eru4!!n

n!(! 9tone: (!ri )et!r!n ree( sein))! ilot (!!t men)et!ui

se4er!! !u (!ri %e!(!!n st!ll (en)!n men(en)!r%!n 4es!r*

%ecilny! n!(! y!n) (itim4ul%!n ole Ci4r!tin) ree(.

B.An%le 28 Atta$k In#i$at"r -A2A

An)le o8 !tt!c% in(ic!tor 4er8un)si untu% menunu%%!n 4es!r %ecilny!

su(ut ser!n) !(! %e!(!!n norm!l untu% men)in(!ri ter!(iny! st!ll

11?

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



sin (!n i) sin% r!te. AA meru!%!n r!n)%!i!n en))!nti (!ri st!ll

"!rnin) system.

,!m4!r 1. An)le o8 !tt!c% in(ic!tor

&!r! %er! in(ic!tor ini memer)un!%!n me%!nisme y!n) seenis (en)!n

electric st!ll "!rnin) C!ne !%!n tet!i C!ne ini 4u%!n men))er!%%!n

micros"itc untu% meny!l!%!n l!mu !t!u men)i(u%!n 4u@@er

mel!in%!n C!ne terse4ut (i)un!%!n men))er!%%!n su!tu resistor.

,!m4!r 1-. #onstru%si !n)le o8 !tt!c% in(ic!tor

Peru4!!n !rus men)!lir %!ren! eru4!!n !r)! t!!n!n resistor ini

!%!n men))er!%%!n ointer (!ri in(ic!tor !(! %e!(!!n !n)le o8 !tt!c%

y!n) 4es!r %ecil !t!u te!t !(! osisi norm!l !t!uun (!l!m osisi

clim4in).

,!m4!r 1/. Pro4e (!n slots !(! c!se tr!nsmitter

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Tr!nsmitter (!ri system ini le4i rumit (!ri !(! enis C!ne. Pro4e y!n) (i

tem!t%!n !(! !lir!n u(!r! 9!ir stre!m: (!n (u! cel! 9slots: se4!)!i

!l!n m!su% u(!r! %e (!l!m (u! 4u! ru!n)!n !(! c!se tr!nsmitterny!.

#e(u! ru!n)!n ini (iis!%!n ole se4u! !((le y!n) 4er)er!% (en)!n

mel!lui se4u! s!8t untu% men))er!%%!n se4u! C!ri!4le resistor.

Susun!n (emi%i!n ini men)!sil%!n )er!%!n !lus 9smoot: (!ri resistor

!(! seti! !n)le o8 !tt!c%.

,!m4!r 1?. #ontru%si ro4e !(! c!se tr!nsmitter

.!an#in% (ears P"siti"n In#i$at"r

'!n(in) )e!rs osition in(ic!tor 4er8un)si untu% menunu%%!n osisi

l!n(in) )e!rs (!l!m %e!(!!n UP '&#G !t!u DN '&#G. ,er!%!n

l!n(in) )e!rs !(! s!!t GUPG !t!u DNG (i)er!%%!n ole se4u!motor listri% (en)!n men))un!%!n !rus listri% D&.

D!l!m %e!(!!n (!rur!t %!ren! l!n(in) )e!rs (!!t (i)er!%%!n sec!r!

m!nu!l (en)!n c!r! memut!r cr!n%in) !n(le y!n) !(! (i coc%it

(e!n y!n) !ny! (!!t (i)un!%!n untu% '!n(in) ,e!rs Do"nG. 9'i!t

,!m4!r ?*?:

#onstru%siny! ter(iri (!ri

1: Motor '!n(in) ,e!rs.

+: In(ic!tor.

: &ont!ct Arm.

-: 'oc%e( S"itc.

/: Tr!nsmitter.

?: #!4el*#!4el Pen)u4un) Arus 'istri%.

'!n(in) ,e!rs memili%i 4e4er!! osisi y!n) (!!t (ili!t !(!

In(ic!tor

1: Tulis!n UPG 4er!rti l!n(in) )e!rs 4er!(! !(! osisi terli!t %e!t!s 9retr!ct!4le: (!n '&#ED.

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+: ,!m4!r DNG 4er!rti l!n(in) )e!rs 4er!(! !(! osisi

mem!n!n) %e 4!"! 98ull (o"n: (!n '&#ED.

: ,!m4!r [EBRA &RSS LLLLG 4er!rti l!n(in) )e!rs (!l!m %e!(!!n

tr!nsisi !t!u 4!tter!y oH 94ur4le:. 4er!(! !(! osisi ti(!% !m!n

sert! ti(!% ter%unci 9trou4le:.

!rnin) !(! l!n(in) )e!rs osition in(ic!tor

1: ell !rnin) 'i)t. '!mu ini 4er!(! (iten)! 4!)i!n %iri !t!s

(!ri instrument !nel y!n) 4er8un)si mem4eri%!n ny!l! l!mu

s!!t !%!n mel!%u%!n en(!r!t!n !)!r se)er! ener4!n)

men)!%ti8%!n l!n(in) )e!r (o"n. '!mu !%!n m!ti (en)!n

sen(iriny! !!4il! 'L, su(! !(! osisi DN (!n loc%.

+: M!ster &!ution 'i)t. <u)! 4eru! l!mu mer! y!n) 4er!(! (i

ten)!*ten)! 4erse4el!!n (en)!n "eel "!rnin) li)t. M!ster

c!ution li)t !%!n meny!l! 4il! sistem l!n(in) )e!r s!!t tr!nsisi!t!u men)!l!mi trou4le L%on(isi 4ur4le. '!mu ini u)! !%!n

meny!l! 4il! seti! sistem !!un (!l!m es!"!t ter4!n)

men)!l!mi Lter!(i su!tu )!n))u!n %erus!%!n.

: 'L, !n(le 'i)t. '!mu y!n) 4er!(! (i (!l!m l!n(in) )e!r

!n(le. '!mu !%!n meny!l! s!!t 'L, osisi tr!nsisi. '!mu !%!n

m!ti !!4il! osisi 'L, su(! !(! osisi UP loc% m!uun DN

loc%. '!mu ini !%!n terus meny!l! !!4il! s!l! s!tu (!ri %eti)!

l!n(in) )e!r men)!l!mi 4ur4leG.

-: 5orn 4er8un)si se4!)!i em4eri erin)!t!n 4eru! su!r! 4e%er!

sec!r! 4ers!m!!n (en)!n "eel "!rnin) 'i)t. 5orn !%!n

4ererti 4ersu!r! (en)!n sen(iriny! !!4il! osisi 'L, su(! !(!

osisi UP loc% m!uun DN loc%. Su!r! orn (!!t (iil!n)%!n

s!!t 4ersu!r! (en)!n mene%!n s"itc orn SI'EN&E y!n) terlet!%

(i !nel se4el! %iri (!ri instrument !nel.

&!r! %er! l!n(in) )e!rs osition in(ic!tor !mir s!m! (en)!n K!

osition in(ic!tor. 5!ny! s!! !(! r!n)%!i!n l!n(in) )e!rs osition

in(ic!tor (it!m4!%!n se4u! loc% s"itc. #e)un!!n (!ri r!n)%!i!n

t!m4!!n ini !(!l! untu% menunu%!n %!l!u l!n(in) )e!r su(! (!l!m

%e!(!!n UP (!n loc%e( !t!u DN (!n loc%e(. 'oc%*s"itc ini

(iu4un)%!n (en)!n %eti)! %!"!t en)u4un) !nt!r! tr!nsmitter (!n

in(ic!tor.

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,!m4!r 17. &!r! %er! l!n(in) )e!rs osition in(ic!tor

D.Fla)s P"siti"n In#i$at"r

Position in(ic!tor seerti K! osition in(ic!tor (!n l!n(in) )e!r in(ic!tor

!(! es!"!t ter4!n) !(!l! enunu%!n ti(!% l!n)sun) (!ri su!tu

)er!%!n me%!nis. Fl!s osition in(ic!tor 4er8un)si untu% menunu%%!n

osisi K!s !(! es!"!t ter4!n) sein))! ener4!n) (!!t meli!t

osisi K!s mel!lui in(ic!tor y!n) 4er!(! (i coc%it. 9K!s meru!%!n

!u;illi!ry Ki)t control system (!l!m es!"!t ter4!n):.

Penunu%!n in(ic!tor (iny!t!%!n (!l!m ersen 9O: (im!n! 100 O 4er!rtiK! 4er)er!% se4es!r 0 (er!!( lus minus + (r!!( (o"n. Fl! s"itc

leCer memuny!i ti)! osisi UP – FF – DN.

,!m4!r 13. Fl! osition in(ic!tor

,er!%!n K!s (i%ontrol ole se4u! motor K!s y!n) men))un!%!n !rus

listri% D&. Su!tu sistem K! osition in(ic!tor ter(iri (!ri tr!nsmitter

in(ic!tor (!n %!4el*%!4el en)u4un) !rus listri% y!n) (ier)un!%!n

untu% men!l!n%!n system ini (i!m4il (!ri system listri% es!"!t itusen(iri.

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Tr!nsmitterny! ter(iri (!ri se4u! )ulun)!n t!!n!n y!n) melin)%!r (!n

cont!ct !rm y!n) (!!t 4erut!r cont!ct !rm 4erut!r !(! oros (i

ten)!*ten)! )ulun)!n t!!n!n (im!n! %e(u! uun) (!ri !rm ini

(i)er!%!n ole )er!%!n K! mel!lui en))er!%*en))er!% me%!nis

)er!%!n K! menye4!4%!n oros tr!nsmitter 4erut!r sein))! cont!ct

!rm 4erut!r (!n !rus listri% (!!t men)!lir mel!lui (u! titi% (i se%elilin)

)ulun)!n.

,!m4!r 16. &!r! %er! K! osition in(ic!tor

Bil!m!n! !(! eru4!!n !r! me(!n m!)net !%i4!t eru4!!n osisi

cont!ct !rm m!%! ol!ri@e( motor (!ri in(ic!tor !%!n 4erut!r (!n

melurus%!n (iri (en)!n osisi me(!n m!)net y!n) ter!(i. M!%! (en)!n

(emi%i!n rotor !%!n menunu%!n osisi (!ri tr!nsmitter !rm osisi ini

(iru4! men!(i (er!!t er)er!%!n (!ri K! !(! in(ic!torny! (i

coc%it.

E.l"$k Atau St") 0at$*

&loc% (i)un!%!n untu% men)et!ui !t!u menunu%%!n "!%tu. Be%er!

sec!r! mec!nic!l !t!u electric!l sein))! ener4!n) (!!t

menyesu!i%!n l!n)sun) untu% men)et!ui limit!si !t!u 4!t!s!n "!%tu

!(! s!!t men)oer!si%!n es!"!t ter4!n).

,!m4!r 1-0. &loc% !t!u sto "!tc

&loc% ini !(!l! st!n(!r( 1+ !m 7 !ri. Men))un!%!n srin) "oun(

cloc% 9mec!nic!l system: (en)!n se4u! enunu% (eti% y!n) (!!t

(i%ontrol. <!rum enunu% (eti% ini u)! (!!t (ier)un!%!n se4!)!i sto

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"!tc. P!(! 4e4er!! es!"!t ter4!n) mo(ern cloc% su(!

men))un!%!n (i)it!l system (!n electric!l system.

P!(! cloc% (en)!n mec!nic!l system !(! (u! 4u! control %no4 !(!

in(ic!tor ini. 2!itu y!n) s!tu !(! 4!)i!n su(ut %iri 4!"! (i!%!i untu%

mem4eri ten!)! 9"in(in): (!n enyetel!n 9settin):. 2!n) %e(u! !(!l!

us 4utton %no4 y!n) terlet!% !(! su(ut %!n!n !t!s. Tom4ol ini(ier)un!%!n untu% st!rt * sto (!n men)em4!li%!n !rum enunu%

(eti% %e osisi !m 1+Lreset

Be%er!ny! %no4 y!n) %e (u! ini 4erurut!n (im!n! !!4il! (ite%!n !%!n

st!rt (ite%!n l!)i !%!n sto (!n se%!li te%!n l!)i men!(i reset. Den)!n

%!t! l!in seti! te%!n!n !(! %no4 ini !%!n 4eru4!.

F.6a$uum (au%e Atau Su$ti"n (au%e

V!cuum )!)e 9suction )!)e: !(!l! in(ic!tor y!n) 4er)un! untu%menunu%%!n 4es!rny! en)ur!n)!n te%!n!n u(!r! !t!u menunu%%!n

uml! te%!n!n %eren(!!n (!ri u(!r! C!cuum ressure y!n) (i!sil%!n

ole C!cuum um.

V!cuum um !(!l! er!l!t!n y!n) (i)un!%!n untu% men))er!%%!n

)yroscoe y!n) ter(!!t (!l!m (irection!l )yroscoic in(ic!tor (!n

!rti$si!l ori@ont!l in(ic!tor.

S%!l! enunu%%!n !(! en)u%ur %eC!%um!n men))un!%!n s!tu!n inc

o8 mercury 9Inc 5): (en)!n limit!si !nt!r! 0 – 10 9norm!lly -/ * /-Inc 5):.

&!r! %er! sistem en)u%ur %eC!%um!nJ

1: Pen)u%ur %eC!%um!n !(!l! in(ic!tor y!n) ter(iri (!ri se4u!

(i!r!)m! y!n) (iu4un)%!n (en)!n s!lur!n C!%um %e C!cuum

um D,I (!n A5I.

+: Bil! en)ine 4e%er! m!%! C!cuum um u)! 4e%er! untu%

men)is! u(!r! (i (!l!m ()i !i (!n suction )!)e. M!%! D,I

(!n A5I (!n suction )!)e u)! 4e%er!.: A%i4!t 4er%ur!n)ny! te%!n!n u(!r! (i (!l!m (i!r!)m! suction

)!)e menye4!4%!n (i!r!)m! men)emis. ,er!%!n ini

(iterus%!n %e roc%in) s!8t )e!r unit !ir srin) y!n) !%irny!

men))er!%%!n !rum enunu%%!n (i!l ointer !(! in(ic!tor %e

su!tu !r)! %eC!%um!n.

-: A(!un sum4er u(!r! y!n) (iis! !(!l! u(!r! (!ri coc%it

es!"!t ter4!n) (im!n! 4es!r*%ecilny! is!!n u(!r! (!!t

(i!tur (en)!n menyetel se4u! suction re)ul!tin) C!lCe.

1++

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



,!m4!r 1-1. Suction )!)e

1+

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



BAB AUT2PI!2T

Pilot otom!tis 9(!ri 4!!s! In))risJ !utoilot: !(!l! sistem me%!ni%!l

ele%tri%!l !t!u i(roli% y!n) mem!n(u !(! se4u! %en(!r!!n t!n!

c!mur t!n)!n (!ri m!nusi!. Umumny! ilot otom!tis (iu4un)%!n (en)!nes!"!t tet!i ilot otom!tis u)! (i)un!%!n (i %!!l (en)!n istil! y!n)

s!m!.

Se%!r!n) ini !utoilot meru!%!n sistem y!n) s!n)!t mut!%ir y!n)

m!mu mel!%u%!n tu)!s y!n) s!m! sel!y!%ny! seor!n) ilot y!n) su(!

s!n)!t terl!ti. P!(! %eny!t!!nny! untu% 4e4er!! rose(ur (!n rutinit!s

ener4!n)!n !utoilot 4!%!n le4i 4!i% (!ri !(! se!s!n) t!n)!n

m!nusi!.

Sistem ilot otom!tis terse4ut (!!t mener4!n)%!n es!"!t sec!r! lurus(!n r!t! menurut !r! %om!s t!n! c!mur t!n)!n ilot sein))!

menc!%u 30O (!ri %eseluru!n 4e4!n %er! ilot (!l!m ener4!n)!n

sec!r! umum. Sistem ilot otom!tis lurus*(!n*r!t! ini m!si umum se%!r!n)

ini le4i mur! (!n meru!%!n enis ilot otom!tis y!n) !lin) (ierc!y!.

Sistem terse4ut u)! memili%i tin)%!t %es!l!!n ter%ecil %!ren! %ontrolny!

y!n) ti(!% rumit. A"!% es!"!t y!n) 4e%er! (i (!l!m es!"!t Boein) 777

!ny! men)!"!si (!n men)ece% sistem !utoilot %!ren! semu! er!l!t!n

4eroer!si sec!r! otom!tis.

Autoilot ti(!% !ny! mem4u!t ener4!n)!n men!(i le4i l!nc!r tet!i

u)! le4i !m!n (!n le4i e$sien. Autoilot men)u4un)%!n in(i%!tor

%etin))i!n men))un!%!n )yriscoe (!n com!ss m!)netic %e ru((er

eleC!tor (!n !ileron.

1+-

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,!m4!r 1-+. ,er!%%!n es!"!t

A.Aut")il"ts Dan A/i"ni$s

Pilot !utom!tis !t!u !utoilot meru!%!n seer!n)%!t er!l!t!n untu%

men)en(!li%!n es!"!t lu!r !n)%!s! 9s!cecr!8t: es!"!t u(!r!

9!ircr!8t: %!!l l!ut misil 9eluru %en(!li: (!n %en(!r!!n l!in t!n!

interCensi t!n)!n m!nusi! sec!r! %onst!n. B!ny!% or!n) 4er!n))!!n

4!"! !utoilot !ny! ter(!!t !(! es!"!t u(!r! se4!)!im!n! y!n)serin) %it! (!!ti (!l!m seti! es!"!t ter4!n) s!!t ini n!mun !(!

(!s!rny! rinsi %er!ny! !(!l! s!m! (im!n!un !l!t ini (i!s!n).

D!l!m (uni! es!"!t u(!r! le4i (i%en!l (en)!n se4ut!n Autom!tic

Fli)t &ontrol System 9AF&S:. AF&S meru!%!n s!l! s!tu 4!)i!n (!ri

!ircr!8tQs !Cionics 9sistem ele%troni% (!n er!l!t!n y!n) (i)un!%!n untu%

men)en(!li%!n sistem*sistem entin) (!ri es!"!t ter4!n) (!n

ener4!n)!n:. Sistem en)en(!li!n ener4!n)!n meliuti sistem

ele%troni% untu% %omuni%!si n!Ci)!si (!n cu!c!. Pen))un!!n !"!l AF&S

!(!l! untu% mem4eri%!n 4!ntu!n 4!)i ilot sel!m! t!! ener4!n)!n.

1+/

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&ontony! %eyi%! ter4!n) lurus (!t!r !(! %etin))i!n tertentu. B!ny!%

l!)i y!n) 4is! (il!%u%!n ole sistem !utoilot seerti mem4u!t es!"!t

4erm!nuCer (en)!n s!n)!t te!t seerti men(!r!t%!n es!"!t !(!

%on(isi !r!% !n(!n) nol 9@ero Cisi4ility:.

!l!uun ter(!!t 4!ny!% C!ri!si (!ri sistem !utoilot %e4!ny!%!n

sistem !utoilot (!!t (i%l!si$%!si%!n 4er(!s!r%!n uml! 4!)i!n9!rtLsur8!ce: y!n) (i%en(!li%!n. Untu% mem4!ntu mem!!miny! %it!

erlu 8!mili!r (en)!n ti)! 4!)i!n en)en(!li (!s!r 94!sic control sur8!ce:

y!n) memen)!rui %iner! es!"!t. B!)i!n en)en(!l!i (!s!r )er!%

es!"!t u(!r! y!itu eleC!tor ru((er !ileron.

Sistem !utoilot m!mu men)en(!li%!n s!l! s!tu !t!u semu! 4!)i!n*

4!)i!n terse4ut. Ber(!s!r%!n uml! 4!)i!n y!n) (i%en(!li%!n inil!

sistem !utoilot (i4!)i l!)i men!(i ti)!.

Sin)le*!;is !utoilot 9!utoilot sum4u tun))!l: !ny! men)en(!li%!ns!l! s!tu (!ri %eti)! 4!)i!n t!(i 4!)i!n y!n) (i%en(!li%!n 4i!s!ny!

!ileron. Tie se(er!n! (!ri !utoilot ini (i%en!l u)! (en)!n "in)

leCeler %!ren! (en)!n men)en(!li%!n roll 9)er!%!n

4er)ulin)L4erut!r es!"!t: !l!t en)en(!li ini !%!n men!)! s!y!

es!"!t (!l!m %e!(!!n st!4il.

T"o*!;is !utoilot 9!utoilot (u! sum4u : men)en(!li%!n eleC!tor (!n

!ileron.

Tree*!;is !utoilot 9!utoilot ti)! sum4u: men)en(!li%!n %eti)!

sistem en)en(!li terse4utJ !ileron eleC!tor (!n ru((er.

#em!mu!n !utoilot (!!t (i4!)i (!l!m 4e4er!! %!te)ori y!itu

#!te)ori I. D!!t (ier)un!%!n s!m!i %etin))i!n es!"!t +008t

#!te)ori II. D!!t (ier)un!%!n s!m!i %etin))i!n es!"!t 1008t

#!te)ori III. D!!t (ier)un!%!n s!m!i es!"!t (!!t men(!r!t

sec!r! otom!tis

B.Prinsi) Dasar Aut")il"t

Auto ilot meru!%!n su!tu system y!n) 4e%er! sec!r! otom!tis untu%

men)em4!li%!n osisi es!"!t ter4!n) 4il! %elu!r (!ri osisi !t!u !r!

y!n) tel! (itentu%!n. Auto ilot u)! (ier)un!%!n untu% memeli!r!

%est!4il!n es!"!t !(! sum4u ori@ont!l (!n l!ter!l.

#e)un!!n !utoilot !(!l! untu% men)ur!n)i tu)!s ener4!n) (!l!m

ener4!n)!n !r!% !u y!n) (!!t menim4ul%!n %ete)!n)!n (!n

%eleti!n. P!(! (!s!rny! system !utoilot ter(iri (!riJ

1+?

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1: ,yro untu% men(ete%si osisi es!"!t ter4!n) unit ini (in!m!%!n

SENSR

+: Amli$er !t!u comuter untu% memer%u!t siny!l y!n) (i!sil%!n

sensor )un! men!l!n%!n serCo motor

: SerCo motor untu% men))er!%!n control %en(!li

System !uto ilot 4e%er! !t!s (!s!r siny!l listri% y!n) (i!sil%!n (!l!munit sensor sensor unit (iu4un)%!n %e instrument seerti system

%om!s turn !n( 4!n%.

Sein))! %!l!u es!"!t menyim!n) (!ri !r!ny! m!%! system )yro

y!n) 4er!(! (i(!l!m instrument !%!n 4eru4! osisiny! men)!sil%!n

Colt!se in(u%si !t!u (ise4ut siny!l listri%. Siny!l listri% terse4ut (iru4!

men!(i ten!)! me%!nis ole serCo motor untu% men))er!%!n %emu(i.

Sistem !uto ilot ter(iri (!ri ti)! c!nel y!itu

Ru((er &!nel

Aileron &!nnel

EleC!tor c!nnel

.Prinsi) Kera Aut")il"t

Se4en!rny! y!n) men!(i !ntun) (!ri sistem en)en(!li ener4!n)!n

otom!tis mo(ern !(!l! se4u! %omuter (en)!n 4e4er!! rosesor

y!n) 4er%ece!t!n tin))i. Untu% men(!!t%!n %eint!r!n y!n)

(i4utu%!n untu% men)en(!li%!n es!"!t rosesor 4er%omuni%!si

(en)!n sensor y!n) (ilet!%%!n !(! 4!)i!n*4!)i!n en)en(!li ut!m!.Prosesor ini u)! m!mu men)umul%!n (!t! (!ri sistem (!n er!l!t!n

es!"!t ter4!n) l!in term!su% )yroscoe !ccelerometer !ltimeter

%om!s (!n in(i%!tor %ece!t!n u(!r! 9!irsee( in(ic!tor:.

1+7

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,!m4!r 1-. Prinsi (!s!r !utoilot

Prosesor (!l!m AF&S !%!n men)!m4il (!t! inut %emu(i!n (en)!n

men))un!%!n eritun)!n y!n) %omle%s untu% mem4!n(in)%!nny!

(en)!n en)!tur!n mo(e en)en(!li. Settin) mo(e en)en(!li(im!su%%!n ole ilot y!n) men(e$nisi%!n (et!il ener4!n)!n. Mis!lny!

mo(e en)en(!li men(e$nisi%!n 4!)!im!n! %etin))i!n es!"!t

(itentu%!n. A(! u)! mo(e en)en(!li l!in seerti menentu%!n

%ece!t!n u(!r! (!n !lur ener4!n)!n.

Peritun)!n terse4ut menentu%!n !!%! es!"!t tel! men!l!n%!n

erint! y!n) (i!tur ole mo(e en)en(!li !t!u 4elum. Prosesor

%emu(i!n men)irim%!n si)n!l %e 4er4!)!i unit serCo mec!nism. SerCo

mec!nism !t!u serin) (isin)%!t serCo meru!%!n !l!t y!n)

mem4eri%!n en)en(!li!n me%!nis !(! su!tu !r!% tertentu. S!tu serCo

1+3

7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



cu%u untu% semu! 4!)i!n %en(!li y!n) term!su% (!l!m sistem

!utoilot. SerCo !%!n menerim! instru%si %omuter (!n men))un!%!n

motor !t!u y(r!ulic untu% men))er!%%!n 4!)!i!n %en(!li es!"!t

men!min es!"!t 4er!(! (!l!m osisi (!n !lur y!n) te!t.

,!m4!r 1--. S%em! en)en(!li!n ru((er

Ilustr!si (i!t!s menunu%%!n 4!)!im!n! elemen*elemen (!s!r (!ri

sistem !utoilot (iu4un)%!n. Untu% menye(er!n!%!nny! !ny! s!tu

4!)i!n %en(!li 9y!itu ru((er: y!n) (itunu%%!n seti! 4!)i!n %en(!li

!%!n memili%i susun!n y!n) s!m! seerti y!n) (ierli!t%!n !(!

ilustr!si (i!t!s. Terli!t 4!"! s%em! (!s!r (!ri !utoilot t!m!% seerti

se4u! loo 9r!n)%!i!n tertutu: (en)!n sensor en)irim (!t! %e

%omuter !utoilot y!n) memroses in8orm!si (!n men)irim si)n!l %e

serCo (!n serCo !%!n se)er! men))er!%%!n 4!)i!n %en(!li y!n) !%!n

meru4! osisi es!"!t (!n %emu(i!n !%!n mem4u!t (!t! 4!ru y!n)

(i%irim %e sensor (!n %eseluru!n roses ini !%!n (iul!n)i l!)i. <enis

8ee(4!c% loo (i!t!s !(!l! sistem oer!si (!ri !utoilot.

D.Aut")il"t "ntr"l System

Autoilot meru!%!n s!l! s!tu conto (!ri sistem %ontrol. Sistem %ontrol

4ertin(!% 4er(!s!r%!n !(! en)u%ur!n (!n !mir sel!lu memili%i

(!m!% !(! nil!i y!n) (iu%urny!.

,!m4!r 1-/. 'oo control system

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



Sistem en)en(!li ener4!n)!n otom!tis 4e%er! (en)!n c!r! loo

tertutu. &onto control system !(! sin)le*!;is !utoilot y!n) u)!

(ise4ut (en)!n "in) leCeler seerti y!n) tel! (i%emu%!%!n (i!t!s.

1. Pilot men)!tur mo(e en)en(!li!n untu% men!)! osisi s!y! !(!

su!tu leCel tertentu.

+. B!)!im!n!un !t!u "!l!uun (!l!m %e!(!!n u(!r! y!n) ten!n)

s!y! es!"!t !%!n turun.. Sensor y!n) terlet!% (i s!y! !%!n men(ete%si enurun!n s!y! ini

(!n %emu(i!n men)irim si)n!l %e %omuter !utoilot.

-. #omuter !utoilot memroses (!t! (!n meny!t!%!n 4!"! s!y!

es!"!t ti(!% l!)i 4er!(! !(! leCel y!n) (iin)in%!n.

/. #omuter !utoilot men)irim si)n!l %e serCo untu% men)en(!li%!n

!ileron es!"!t. Si)n!l y!n) (i%irim meru!%!n se4u! erint! y!n)

s!n)!t sesi$% y!n) memerint!%!n serCo untu% mem4u!t su!tu

enyesu!i!n y!n) te!t.

?. Seti! serCo memili%i se4u! motor ele%tri% %!"!t %!4el untu%men!ri% %!4el !ileron. #eti%! %!"!t %!4el terse4ut 4er)er!% 4!)i!n

%en(!liun !%!n i%ut 4er)er!% men)i%uti !r! er)er!%!n %!"!t

%!4el.

7. #!ren! !ileron (isesu!i%!n 4er(!s!r%!n !(! (!t! inut s!y!

es!"!t !%!n 4er)er!% %em4!li %e leCel semul!.

3. #omuter !utoilot men)!us erint! %eti%! sensor y!n) terlet!% (i

s!y! es!"!t men(ete%si 4!"! s!y! tel! 4er!(! !(! leCel y!n)

(iin)in%!n l!)i.

6. SerCo 4erenti men))un!%!n te%!n!n ter!(! %!"!t %!4el !ileron

untu% men))er!%%!n s!y! es!"!t.

'oo seerti y!n) (itunu%%!n !(! (i!)r!m 4lo% (i!t!s 4e%er! sec!r!

%ontinyu sel!m! 4e4er!! %!li (!l!m s!tu (eti% meli4!t%!n 4!ny!%

rosesor untu% men)en(!li%!n 4!ny!% 4!)i!n %en(!li. B!%!n 4e4er!!

es!"!t ter4!n) memili%i %omuter en(oron) otom!tis 9!utotrust

comuters: untu% men)en(!li%!n )!y! (oron) mesin. Sistem !utoilot

(!n sistem !utotrust m!mu 4e%er! 4ers!m!*s!m! untu% mel!%u%!n

m!nuCer*m!nuCer y!n) s!n)!t %omle%s.

E.K"m)"nen Aut" Pil"t

P!(! (!s!rny! %omonen !uto ilot ter(iri !t!s em!t m!c!m unit

(it!m4! 4e4er!! unit l!inny! seerti s"itc (!n l!in*l!in. #eem!t unti

terse4ut y!ituJ

1: &omm!n( element

Unit comm!n( element (i%er!%!n sec!r! m!nu!l untu% mem4eri%!n

siny!l !)!r es!"!t mel!%u%!n m!neuCer seerti clim4 (iCe (!n

se4!)!iny!. Dis!min) itu system n!Ci)!si u)! meru!%!n siny!linut ter!(! system !utoilot

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



+: Sensin) Element

Sensin) element ter(iri (!ri D,I turn !n( 4!n% ori@on )yro (!n

sensin) l!in y!n) (ier)un!%!n untu% men)ontrol %etin))i!n es!"!t

: &omutin) element

&omutin) element ter(iri (!ri serCo !mli$er !t!u (ise4ut u)! comuter.

Amli$er menerim! siny!l (!ri sensin) element (!n memer%u!tny!. Siny!l*siny!l itu men)!%i4!t%!n 4erut!rny! serCo motor untu%

men))er!%!n ru((er !ileron (!n eleC!tor sesu!i (en)!n siny!l inut

y!n) (iterim!

-: utut Element

utut elemen meru!%!n serCo motor y!n) men))er!%!n control

sur8!ce. P!(! umumny! es!"!t memuny!i serCo motor untu%

men))er!%!n !ileron eleC!tor (!n ru((er

F.M"#e Aut")il"t

Be%er!ny! !utoilot (!!t (i4u!t (!l!m 4er4!)!i enis. 5!l ini

(itentu%!n ole sum4er siny!l m!n! y!n) se(!n) (ier)un!%!n sec!r!

!%ti8. Mo(e oer!si !utoilot meliutiJ

1: B!sic mo(e

B!sic mo(e meru!%!n inner loo y!n) 4ertu)!s %usus untu%

memert!!n%!n st!4ilis!si es!"!t sel!m! ter4!n)

+: &omm!n( mo(e&omm!n( mo(e (i!n))! se4!)!i outer loo ter(iri (!ri m!nu!l

control e!(in) !ltitu(e ol( !irsee( loc% (!n n!Ci)!tion !ir r!(io

4e!m

: &oor(in!tion !n( correction

P!(! "!%tu !utoilot men))er!%!n !ileron !)!r es!"!t mem4elo%

siny!l (i4eri%!n %e roll c!nnel (!n y!" c!nel untu% memerole

%oor(in!si y!n) 4!i% !nt!r! mem4elo%ny! (!n mirin)ny! es!"!t.

Demi%i!n u)! s!!t es!"!t mem4elo% m!%! siny!l (i4eri%!n %e

itc c!nel untu% men))er!%!n eleC!tor %e !t!s untu% men!m4!

li8t sein))! mence)! es!"!t ten(ensi es!"!t untu% (ecen(in)

sel!m! men)!(!%!n turn

-: S!8ety !n( limit!tion

Untu% men!min 4!"! !utoilot 4e%er! se4!)!im!n! mestiny! (!n

ti(!% !%!n men)ur!n)i %esel!m!t!n ener4!n)!n m!%! system

!utoilot (ilen)%!i (en)!n system ence)! 4!!y! (!n %erus!%!n

y!n) (i%en!l (en)!n s!8ety 8e!ture y!n) ter(iri (!ri interloc% system

!utom!tic cut oH (!n serCo tor>ue limitter

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(.Aut")il"t Failure

Autoilot 4is! 4er8un)si (en)!n 4!i% (!n 4is! u)! )!)!l. M!s!l! y!n)

!lin) serin) (itemui !(! sistem !utoilot !(!l! %e)!)!l!n 98!ilure:

serCo 4!i% %!ren! motorny! y!n) 4uru% !t!uun %one%si y!n) 4uru%.

Sensor osisi un 4is! u)! ti(!% 4er8un)si sein))! men)!sil%!n ti(!%

!(! (!t! inut %e %omuter !utoilot. Untun)ny! sistem !utoilot untu%es!"!t ter4!n) (ir!nc!n) su!y! !m!n (!ri %e)!)!l!n*%e)!)!l!n

terse4ut. Untu% men)enti%!n sistem !utoilot s!n)!t se(er!n!

ener4!n) !ny! erlu mel!%u%!n emutus!n sistem !utoilot (en)!n

c!r! men!ri% tu!s o"er s"itc !utoilot !t!u !!4il! c!r! terse4ut

m!si 4elum 4er!sil (!!t u)! (il!%u%!n (en)!n men!ri% !utoilot

circuit 4re!%er.

Be4er!! %ecel!%!!n es!"!t ter4!n) (ise4!4%!n %!ren! ener4!n)

y!n) )!)!l untu% memutus%!n sistem en)en(!li ener4!n)!n

!utom!tis. Pener4!n) 4erenti 4erus!! untu% men)!tur en)en(!li!ny!n) (il!%u%!n !utoilot ti(!% m!mu mem!!mi men)!! es!"!t

ti(!% mel!%u%!n erint! y!n) (i4eri%!n. le se4!4 itul! men)!!

!(! s%en!rio %on(isi y!n) (emi%i!n ro)r!m*ro)r!m intru%si

ener4!n)!n s!n)!t mene)!n)%!n untu% (ir!%te%%!n. Pener4!n) !rus

t!u 4!)!im!n! men))un!%!n seti! $tur y!n) terse(i! !(! AF&S

9!utom!tic Ki)t control system: (!n ener4!n) u)! !rus t!u

4!)!im!n! memutus%!n sistem AF&S (!n ter4!n) t!n! men))un!%!n

sistem terse4ut.

Pes!"!t u)! !rus men)i%uti !("!l m!iten!nce y!n) %et!t untu%men!min semu! sensor (!n serCo 4e%er! (en)!n 4!i%. Penyesu!i!n

(!n er4!i%!n !!un y!n) (il!%u%!n ter!(! %omonen*%omonen

ut!m! erlu (il!%u%!n enyesu!i!n l!)i ter!(! %omuter !utoilot.

Mis!lny! !!4il! !(! er4!i%!n !(! instrumen )yro m!%! erlu

(il!%u%!n en)!tur!n ul!n) !(! %omuter !utoilot.

5.M"#ern Aut")il"t Systems

B!ny!% sistem !utoilot mo(ern su(! m!mu menerim! (!t! )lo4!l

ositionin) system 9,PS: y!n) ter!s!n) !(! es!"!t. Penerim! ,PS

(!!t menetu%!n osisi es!"!t (i u(!r! (en)!n men)%!l%ul!si !r!%

es!"!t (!ri ti)! !t!u le4i s!telit y!n) teru4un) (!l!m !rin)!n ,PS.

Dilen)%!i (en)!n !l!t em4eri in8orm!si osisi terse4ut !utoilot (!!t

mel!%u%!n le4i (!ri men!)! es!"!t tet! 4er!(! !(! osisi (!n

%etin))i!n y!n) s!m!. B!%!n sistem !utoilot m!mu mel!%u%!n

erenc!n!!n ener4!n)!n y!n) 4!i%.

Sistem !utoilot ter4!ru m!mu mel!%u%!n seluru renc!n!

ener4!n)!n. #e4!ny!%!n et %omersi!l tel! memili%i %em!mu!nuntu% mel!%u%!n erenc!n!!n ener4!n)!n "!l!uun !ny! ses!!t

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7/23/2019 Modul-EIS



4!%!n es!"!t*es!"!t %ecilun tel! (ilen)%!i (en)!n sistem

!utoilot y!n) c!n))i.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Aircr!8t Instrument #el!s I #em(i%4u( RI +01

Aircr!8t Instrument An( Autoilot #el!s I #em(i%4u( RI +01

ACi!tion M!inten!nce Tecnici!n 5!n(4oo% Air8r!me * Volume + U.S.

De!rtment Tr!nsort!tion +01+

Instrument Kyin) !n(4oo% U.S.De!rtment o8 tr!nsort!tion +001

Tren))ono 2usu8 (!n Priyono R!!ro Instrumen Pes4!n) I

De(i%4u( Dir(i% Menen)! #euru!n

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