Module 4Planning SP

What’s in Module 4

Opportunities for SP

Different SP models

Communication plan

Monitoring and evaluating

Working session

Opportunities for SP

In what contexts will SP processes be needed?

List some examples from your own experience

Opportunities for SP: examples

Policy development e.g. development of Namibia’s Coastal White Paper

Programme assessment e.g. development of transboundary TDA/SAP in a Large Marine Ecosystem

Development planning e.g. preparation of Integrated Development Plan (IDP) for a municipality

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) e.g. proposed windfarm In

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Source: UNEP

Source: UNEP

What mechanisms have had success to increase the connection between local government and their constituents?

Connecting government and their constituents...

Integrated Development Planning (IDP) processes in South Africa

IDP forums ward committee meetings road shows budget processes stakeholder meetings, forums and individual

consultations

“Community-driven development is the process by

which community groups assume control and authority

over decisions and resources in development projects,

which affect their lives.

This means reversing control and accountability from

the central authorities to community organisations in

the initiation, planning, implementation, operation,

maintenance and evaluation of development projects

with agencies playing a supportive role.”

To borrow from Thami Ngwenya…

Genuine public participation

assumes two things:

(1) that government creates itself as

accountable, transparent and open, with clear

structures and processes for enabling

participation, and

(2) that civil society actively takes advantage of

available mechanisms for participation, or

engages in creating such mechanisms where

none exist. Source: Kabemba (2003)

Different SP models

Let’s review what a SP process might entail…

1. Define what you want to achieve, what are the objectives?

2. Who are the stakeholders and what is their interest/ potential role in the process?

3. Plan communication/ participationactivities (there may be several rounds)

4. Don’t assume it’s a success, measure and adjust approach

In 4 simple steps...

A “belt and braces” approach

Define preliminary objectives Rough stakeholder mapping Awareness drive / baseline study / survey Full stakeholder analysis Prepare participation plan Conduct cycle of participatory/communication

activities as appropriate for audience / project Measure results

Process suggested by A. LOUPPE, a French governance expert:

SURVEY

starting from individual needs

expression

DEBATE

making crucial themes,tension lines and

partnership opportunitiesemerge

PROJECT DESIGN

associating citizensor users awareness

with technicalor political expertise

IMPLEMENTATION

getting support fromthe citizen standing

either as,

- adressee - co-producer

- assessor

Louppe’s process

Effective participation...

River basin management planning in Scotland

Comunication plan

How to put it all together?

How do we ensure smooth implementation of the SP process and its communication activities?

Write down some ideas of what should be included in a communication plan

How to start?

Start from the needs expressed by

stakeholders and identify the communication

objectives we want to achieve before

undertaking specific activities

What we need to know

Who is the Target Audience?

What are the Key Messages for stakeholders?

Which Communication Tools are most suitable?

What are the Implementation Details?

Communication plan: example

Target Audience / Stakeholder Group

Aim Communication Tools

Who to Action?

By When?

Costs?

Monitoring and evaluating

How can we measure that the participation is successful?

Are there indicators which can be used?

What would one want to measure?

Time to write down some ideas…

Stakeholder participation is not a single event with easily quantifiable results. The measures of its success are thus by nature often qualitative.

Measure against objectives initally set for stakeholder engagement!

measure empowerment and capacity issues (e.g., changes in stakeholders’ knowledge, perceptions, practices);

take into account limitations due to language, gender, economic, and cultural contexts and biases;

be disaggregated by gender, socioeconomic status, indigenous or minority community membership, government, and private sector in order to assess progress made within different stakeholder groups.

Indicators should...

Source: ELI

Examples of indicators...

Numbers of stakeholder workshops/meetings and attendance levels of various stakeholder groups

Number of women, indigenous groups, or other traditionally under-represented stakeholders represented at meetings, workshops, or on stakeholder institutions

Number of comments received

Quality and timeliness of information available to stakeholders

Capacity of stakeholders to contribute meaningfully to decision making

Representation of stakeholder values in decisionsSource: ELI

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1. Define a set of communication objectives. How will these address the interests of the project and of stakeholder groups?

2. Does it make sense to group stakeholders by interest/geography/demographic into target groups?

3. Identify one or more communication initiatives/ opportunities for stakeholder input (i.e. broad campaigns)

4. Outline what mix of media/techniques would be most appropriate to engage each of the relevant target audience groups in each of the broad campaigns suggested above.

Scenario: working session(use one of the course scenarios)

Based on the stakeholder analysis done earlier, draw up a basic communication plan: