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TRANSCRIPT
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Nhm 2
Tm hiucc qu trnh nng cpphn onC4
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1. ngdng
Butadien
Snxutcc polime Cc chtha hctrung gian
Cao su
styren-butadien
NhaABS
Latex
styren-butadien
Adiponitril
Clopro
pen
Cc
chtkhc
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Butadien
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A. ctrngha l caqu trnh
tctinh khit, qu trnhphisdngnhiuphngphp tchphctp. Trong cng nghipqu trnh tch bao gm:
+Trch lybngmuiamoni ng(I)+ Chngtrch ly
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Yu cucadung mi sdngtrong
chngtrch ly
Hpthchnlccaovi
diolefin
Khnnghatan cao
bntttrong iukintch
Snc v gichpl
Dtinhnh
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B. Qu trnh tch
a. Hydro ha chnlccc hpchtaxetilen trong hnhp
+ Cnthitcho qu trnh trch ly butadienbngmuiamoni.
Viqu trnh chngtrch ly sgip lm gimbtcc hpchtaxetilen v thunlicho qu trnh tch
+ Tinhnh pha lng
+ 10-600C, 0.5-1 Mpa
+ Thitbc chalpxc tc trn csPd
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b. Trch lybngmuiamoni ng(I)
+ chng Esso pht trin Msau ThchinII
+ Chyudng snxutbutadien tehdroha n-butan,n-buten.Quy trnh nhsau:
HpthsbTrn/ lngv lm giu dung
dchamoni
Nhhpthbnggia nhit
Thu hiamoniacTinh chbutadien
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c. Chngtrch ly
Nhn chung quy trnh chngtrch ly snxutbutadien tinhnhtheo quy trnh sau:
Chngtrch ly Thu hidung mi sdng
Chngsiu phn onphntrchRancphn ontch
butadien
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Cng nghNippon Zeon
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Cng nghcaBASF
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ContentsTng quan phn on C41
Tch isobuten2
Tch 1 - buten3
Kt lun4
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Tng quan phn on C4Cut % Khilng Cut % KhilngC3 0.3 trans 2 - buten 6.6
n - Butan 5.2 Isobuten 27.4
Isobutan 1.3 Butadien 37.0
1 - Buten 16.0 Axetylen 0.4
cis 2 buten 5.3 C5+ 0.5
Bng 1.1: Thnh phn phn on C4Thnh phn
im si oC
1.013 MPA
bay hi
tng i 40
oC
Nhit kt
tinh oC d204
Propylen - 47.7 3.15 -185.3 0.514Propan -42.1 2.65 -187.7 0.501Propadien -34.5 2.95 -136.0 -Propyn -23.2 2.0 -102.7 -Isobutan -11.7 1.2 -159.6 0.557Isobuten -6.9 1.02 -140.4 0.5941-buten -6.3 1.00 -185.4 0.5951,3-butadien -4.4 0.99 -108.9 0.621n-butan -0.5 0.87 -138.4 0.579Trans-2-buten +0.9 0.85 -105.6 0.604Cis-2-buten +3.7 0.79 -138.9 0.621Vinylacetylen +5.6 0.82 - -1butyn +8.1 0.70 -125.7 0.6501,2-butadien +10.9 0.6 -136.2 0.6522-but n +2 .0 0. - 2.2 0.6 1
Bng 1.2:Tnh cht vt l c bn ca thnh phn phn on C4
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Tch isobuten
Hydrat haChuynha isobuten
thnh tetra butanol.Sau , tch ri
dehydrat ha thuisobuten
Tchisobuten
Ete haTnghpMTBE
(Metyl tert- butyl ete)
t isobuten. Sau ,
cracking MTBE toisobuten
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Ngoi ra cn mt s phng php: este ha to t-butyl
axetat (Hoechst), hp th trn sng phn t (Union Carbide)
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Hydrat ha
Trong trng hp s dng axit m c th c th s mt mtmt lng ln axit do to thnh cc hp cht sulfat v polyme.
Cng ngh Esso, Petrotex s dng axit vi nng 60-65%wt, tuy nhin cho hiu sut thp v tinh khit ca sn
phm khng vt qu 96%wt.
Cng ngh CFR, BASFs dng axit c nng 40-45%wt, nhit
thp, hiu sut t 90-95%, tinh khit trn 99%
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Quy trnh cng ngh CFR Phn ng chnh:
(CH3)2C=CH2+ H2O
+
(CH3)3C-OH Ho
298= -50 kJ/Mol
iu kin cng ngh:
p sut: 0.4 0.5 Mpa Nhit : 50oC
Xc tc: axit sulfuric 50%wt
Nguyn liu: hm lng acetylen v butadien < 1% khi lng
Hiu sut: 87 - 93%, tinh khit 99 99.8%
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Quy trnh cng ngh CFR
Quy trnh cng ngh CFR
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Ete haGiai on 1: Tng hp MTBE
Phn ng to MTBE:(CH3)2C=CH2+ CH3OH (CH3)3C-O-CH3 H
o298= -37kJ/Mol (1)
iu kin cng ngh: Phn ng xy ra trong pha lng
Nhit : 50 - 85 oC
p sut : 0.7 1.5 Mpa Xc tc : nha trao i cation
Thit b p xc tc tng c nh, dng ng chm hoc thit b CDva phn ng va chng ct ( Catalytic Distillation)
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Giai on 2: Cracking MTBE Qu trnh da trn phn ng thu nhit:
(CH3)3C-O-CH3(CH3)2C=CH2+ CH3OH
iu kin cng ngh: Phn ng tin hnh trong pha kh Nhit : 150 300 oC ( ti u 275oC) p sut cng thp cng tt, nhng phi thu hi isobuten
trong pha lng T l hi nc: H2O/ MTBE l 5/1 Xc tc axit: nha trao i cation hoc axit polyphosphoric Hiu sut: 95-98%, chn lc 99,9% i vi isobuten v 94% i
vi metanol
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Gii thiu cng ngh cracking Isobuten ca IFP
Ete ha
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Oligome ha nng cp isobuten c chia lm 2 loi:
oligome ha ng th
oligome ha d th.
Cng ngh selectopol ca IFP Xc tc: H3PO4 / SiO2 hoc H3PO4 /Al2O3 Nhit : 120oC
p sut 1 - 4 MPa
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Oligome ha
Cng ngh selectopol ca IFP
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Nng cp 1 - Buten
Hp phS dng cc Zeolit c
kch thc 3 10 tch loi HC mnhthng ra khi HC mchnhnh.Mt s cng ngh:olefin siv ca UnionCarbide, Sorbutene caUOP
Tch1 - buten
Hydro-isome haChuyn ha 1 butenthnh 2 buten c gi cao.Mt s cng ngh:
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Hp ph sng phn t
Cng ngh Sorbutene ca UOP
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Hydroisome ha Nguyn liu: phn on C4ca qu trnh steamcracking
cha 10 -15%wt 1 buten
Nhit : 100oC, p sut: 1,5 2 Mpa.
Xc tc : Pd, Re, Pt/ -Al2O3
Qu trnh c tin hnh trong dng hydro Hiu sut 90 95%
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Hydroisome ha
Cng ngh hydro isome ha 1 buten thnh 2 buten
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Kt lun Olefin ca phn on C4 sau khi c tinh ch c gi tr kinh t
cao
Cc quy trnh cng ngh u hot ng trn nguyn tc hp ph,chng ct do da vo c tnh ca Olefin trong phn on C4
nh gi hiu qu ca cng ngh, la chn nng cp c cng
ngh ph hp vi iu kin vn hnh ca tng sn phm.
nh hng quy m sn xut trong cng nghip.
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Nhm 2: C chui