monitoreo y redución de emisiones de mercurio...monitoreo y redución de emisiones de mercurio...

Das Bild kann zurzeit nicht angezeigt werden.

20/06/2016

Monitoreo y Redución de Emisiones de Mercurio “Capacitación para mejorar la calidad del aire”

Lima, Peru 20 – 21 de Junio 2016

Minamata Convention on Mercury

Facts & Data

Prof. Dr. Florian Schindler Consultor GIZ, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas, Berlín

Dr. Sandra Bräutigam Consultora GIZ, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas, Berlín

Julika Tribukait (GIZ) Sector Project Environmental Policy and Sustainable Development Bonn, Germany


20/06/2016

El Convenio de Minamata sobre el Mercurio

Datos Importantes

Aplicaciones del Mercurio

Mercurio en la Cadena Alimentaria

Emisiones de Mercurio

Producción de Mercurio

Comercio mundíal del Mercurio

Agenda


20/06/2016

Contenido

The treaty was agreed at the fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC) in Geneva, Switzerland 19 January 2013. The text was adopted and opened for signature at the Conference of Plenipotentiaries held in Minamata and Kumamoto, Japan, from 9 to 11 October 2013.[1]

[1] http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Convention/tabid/3426/Default.aspx last visited on 28.05.16

Figure 1: International- MINAMATA Convention


20/06/2016

The Convention entered into force following the ratification by more than 50 countries.

Figure 2: Overview of Countries that have signed or ratified the Minamata convention[2]

[2] http://www.mercuryconvention.org/News/Newglobaltreatycutsmercuryemissions/tabid/3470/ on 20.3.15

Minamata convention

21/06/2016

Figure 3 Global mercury events timeline B [1]

[1] http://www.unep.org/PDF/PressReleases/Mercury_TimeToAct_hires.pdf , on 17.03.2015

Lima, Conference 2016


20/06/2016

Name: Hydrargyrum [2]

Hg –Mw = 200.59 g/mol

Contenido

Mercury is a silver-white coloured (shining) transition metal. What makes mercury unique is the fact that it is liquid at room temperature. It has a shiny appearance on its surface and in combination with its colour it is commonly known as “quicksilver:

Figure 4: Liquid Mercury flow at room temperature [1] .

[1] and [2] Source: 1 Fotolia or pls. see also under „Deutsche Welle (DW)“, Germany’s international broadcaster, http://www.dw.de/popups/popup_gallery/de_quecksilber.html on 28.05.2016

http://www.dw.de/popups/popup_gallery/de_quecksilber.html


20/06/2016

Figure 3: Periodic Table of Elements with mercury (marked in blue)

Source: http://searchpp.com/periodic-table-with-charges/mail.colonial.net on 24.01.2015

http://searchpp.com/periodic-table-with-charges/mail.colonial.net


20/06/2016 Misión de Evaluación del Programa 4E

The melting point of Mercury at -38.9° C and boiling point of 356.73 °C are exceptionally low for a metal.


20/06/2016

Toxicity of Mercury In spite of its beautiful appearance mercury is a toxic metal. Elemental mercury evaporates at room temperature and the vapours highly toxic and can cause both chronic and acute poisoning.

Figure 5: Mucous membranes in the lung[1]

[1] Source: https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/998/flashcards/60998/jpg/membranes_-_mucous21341005104874.jpg on 24.01.2015


20/06/2016

Figure 6: Mercury in the food chain[1]

[1] Source: http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/AQBasics/understand_toxics.cfm on 24.01.2015

Mercury compounds are often accumulated

in the food chain an effect which is called bio-accumulation or bio-magnification.


20/06/2016

Minamata, Japan was the place where the production of acetaldehyde using a mercury catalyst started in May 1932. The discharged wastewater went into the bay.

[1] Source: W. Eugene Smith in Wikipedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamata_disease on 04.01.2015

Minamata Disease - discovered in Minamata Japan, 1956

- Cause: release of CH3Hg in industrial wastewater by chemical factory

- Highly toxic methyl-mercury bio-accumulated in fish and shellfish

- The fish eaten by the local populace, resulted in mercury poisoning.

Figure 7:

Crippled hand of a Minamata

disease victim Film under :

http://www.mercuryconvention.org/Home/Video/tabid/3455/Default.aspx

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minamata_disease


20/06/2016

Natural emissions contribute approximately 70% of the total mercury emission worldwide and they are exceeding the approximately 30%of anthropogenic (man-made) emissions.

Table 1– Global Mercury Emissions by natural sources for 2008 [1]

[1] Source: http://www.atmos-chem-phys.org/10/5951/2010/acp-10-5951-2010.pdf on 24.01.2015


20/06/2016

Figure 8: Anthropogenic Mercury Emissions[1]

[1] Source: 2013, January, UNEP, Global Mercury Assessment, Sources, Emissions, Re leases, and Environmental Transport, Division of Technology, Industry and Economics (DTIE), Chemicals Branch, p. 21

The atmosphere in industrialised countries is often contaminated with mercury vapours:


20/06/2016

Figure 9: Mercury Emissions

worldwide – visualised [1]

[1] Source: Artic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) website http://public.tableausoftware.com/views/GlobalMercuryEmissions/Dashboard1?:embed=y&:display_count=no&:showVizHome=no#1 last visited on 17.10.2015


20/06/2016

In nature mercury is found soft, red to reddish brown ores known as “cinnabar”:

Figure 10: Mercury ore = Cinnabar[1]

[1] Source: Natural Pigments – website on 25.05.2015 http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://www.naturalpigments.

Cinnabar is composed of mercury and sulphur represented by the chemical formula of mercury sulphide HgS All chemical compounds of HgS and they are insoluble in water. Other mercury ores / minerals include corderoite (Hg3S2Cl2), livingstonite (HgSb4S8), montroydite (HgO), and calomel (HgCl).

http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http://www.naturalpigments.com/media/wysiwyg/blog/cinnabar.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.naturalpigments.com/art-supply-education/vermilion-cinnabar-toxicology-test-results&h=1400&w=1400&tbnid=MwAv2yMfExwt2M:&zoom=1&tbnh=90&tbnw=90&usg=__bG6J91DvL4-lWQynkd5d87vlc7M=&docid=pFaB6e1Fffa0DM


20/06/2016

Period 1981-1985

1986-1989

1990-1995

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Recorded annual, global primary production (in metric tons) 5,500-

7,100 4,900-6,700

3,300-6,100

2,600-2,800

2,500-2,900

2,000-2,800

2,100-2,200 1,800

Figure 11: Mining & Production of mercury [1]

[1] Source: 2010, October, Khaidarkan mercury, ercury mining in Kyrgyzstan HttpM://www.chem.unep.ch/mercury/Sector-Specific-Information/Brochure_Kyrgy.pdf

Obtaining exact data of extracted mercury is not possible due to the fact that many countries do not report their primary mercury production (mining) in statistical yearbooks. Ref: AMAP/UNEP Technical Report, 2013

[2] Sources: See http://www.chem.unep.ch/mercury/Report/Chapter7.htm, Estimated world production of primary (mined) mercury (metric tons), as reported by the US Geological Survey and by Hylander & Meili (2002) for the year 2000.

Table 2: Recorded global primary production of mercury [2]

http://www.chem.unep.ch/mercury/Report/Chapter7.htm


20/06/2016

Example from South America A small town in the mountains of Chile has been the site of large-scale gold and copper mining since 1891. Air pollution in this region is so severe that the government classified the town as a “Saturated Zone” – indicating the dangers of breathing the air around the mine. Samples taken around the site found 100 micrograms per cubic meter of mercury in the air, which is 100 times higher than the WHO health standard. Blacksmith estimates that 20,000 people may be affected by this pollution. …Currently, the Blacksmith Institutes inventory estimates that over 1.5 million people are affected by mercury pollution from mining and ore processing, with most pollution problems of this nature occurring in Southeast Asia and Africa….

Ref: Blacksmith Institute, http://www.worstpolluted.org/projects_reports/display/89 02.01.2015

http://www.worstpolluted.org/projects_reports/display/89 02.01.2015


20/06/2016

Figure 12: Schematic Mercury Trade Flow Map [1] The Data collection is from 2007, prior to the export bans in the European Union (2011) and the USA (2013).

[1] Ref. http://www.zoinet.org/web/sites/default/files/publications/MercuryTradeMap2011.pdf on 17.01.2015

Supply and Trade of Mercury worldwide


20/06/2016

More Information:

Convención de Minamata

Ref. http://www.unep.org/chemicalsandwaste/Mercury/ReportsandPublications/tabid/3593/Default.aspx l ast visited on 30.05.2016


20/06/2016

Símbolo: Contacto:

Prof. Dr. F. Schindler (PhD) Letzkauer Steig 14, 13503 Berlin

Alemania Tel. +49 (0) 30 322 99 363 Fax +49 (0) 30 55 52 61 24 Movil +49 (0)151 1462 98 50

e-Mail: [email protected]

web: www.beuth-hochschule.de/fsi Get a personal impression from us!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2bItNXHAHs

Sculpture "Pez-Peste"

mailto:[email protected]

blocked::http://www.beuth-hochschule.de/fsi

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J2bItNXHAHs

monitoreo y redución de emisiones de mercurio...monitoreo y redución de emisiones de mercurio...

Documents