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Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
www.upmc.fr
Université Pierre et Marie Curie
MoOC Massive Open Online Course
concept
Yves Epelboin Directeur du SG TICE
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Warning
• MOOCs are an evolving subject
2013
2/04
12:30
The contents of this presentation will be valid only until
May be before!
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Context
• MOOCs : an international tsunami coming from the US
• Pressure from Brussels: official announcement to come mid-April
• European OER initiatives: TERENA MTF
• A visit to the US in November: – Pennsylvania U. – Drexel U. – Educause
MOOC A US vision: adaptable to Europe?
4
A very hot topic
less than 2 years
2 to 5 years
5 to 10 years
more than 10 years
obsolete before plateau
Plateau will be reached in:
MOOC
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
A socio-economic view
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Some US facts
• A technophile society
• An historical use of technology in Higher Education: – To attract customers – To solve the pedagogical difficulties – An old home work dream
• Some steps: – 2002: Western Governors University www.wgu.edu – 2004: OCW MIT : ocw.mit.edu – Khan Academy : www.khanacademy.org
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
The US university model
• A business model: – Students = customers
• Payment by study • Attractivity and publicity
– Local diploma, no state intervention – Profitability : few permanent staff (tenure) – Tuition pays for Research (non profit institutions) and for
profit institutions(Phoenix)
• Public universities: – Same model with some State funding
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
The economical crisis
• Tuition fees at an innaceptable level: – Over 10 000 $ in public universities – 40 000 – 60 000 $ private universities
• An abyssal students debt: 1000 Milliards $ – Mean value 25 000 $ in
2012 (15 000 $ in 2004) – 40 Millions loans
(20 Millions in 2004)
Source : Le Monde 23/03/2013
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Tuiton debt
• The number of borrowers : – 20 millions in 2004, 40 millions in 2012
• 40% under10 000 $, 30% under 25 000 $, 30% more than25 000 $
• A negative impact on the US economy First debt before housing!
Source : Le monde 23/03/2013
966 Millions US $
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Solutions
• Facts: – 30% students only in primary study – Many partial workers (services on campus…) – A trend to drastically reduce staff expense (tenure)
• Use of IT to reduce costs
MOOC
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
MOOC
• A massive course: over 140 000 students! – Few interactions with teachers – Pure distance learning – Automatic tests and peers controls – Certification at the end
• Certification is not credential – Not for free
• A high dropout rate (90%)
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
The main actors
• edX : Harvard, Berkeley, U. of Texas… www.edx.org
• Coursera : Stanford, EPFL, Edinborough… www.coursera.org
• Canvas : Brown, U. of C. Florida… www.canvas.net
• Udacity : private company www.udacity.com
• Futurelearn : Open University www.futurelearn.com
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
An important investment
• Course scenario renewed
• New documents and OER
• Massive use of short videos (chunks 5-7 mn) • New designed LMS:
– Large number of students in one course – Designed for little follow-up – Collaborative and social tools – Automatic quizzes
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
An important funding
• Finances : edX : 60 M$
• One course: 100 000 – 600 000 $
• A full time job to design a course
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Business model ?
Yet to come
The « generous
model» Open
Education : who is
funding?
The realistic model: call products, then on
payment (see Open University
UK)
Industrial product in
competition with
classical study but at
a lower price
A means to increase HE productivity
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Already a model taking shape
• A mass teaching model at lower cost
• Already not so open : – Option « Signature track » for certification (Coursera) – First grades to enter college (Arizona, Arkansas,
Cincinnati… • New recruiting model • To attract new customers already engaged in professional life (grants
for successful applicants…) • To decrease the tuition cost (Drexel)
– Industrial business model at lower price • Phoenix
• The concept of a new economical model for Higher Education
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
A new grading sytem
• 13/11/2012 Coursera: – 33 courses accepted as credits by renown universities such
as Stanford, Penn, Princeton, Brown, Berkeley… – Move from the OCW concept towards a pay model – A paying certification revolving towards a paying
graduation – Business model shared with the industry:
Wiley
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
… and now?
• « MOOCs as capital-biased technological change » J. Zevin The Magnet is always on, 17/12/2012
• edu@2025 R. Katz http://video.upmc.fr/differe.php?collec=S_edu_2025
• « Udacity has already partnered with more than 20 companies who verify and accept the certificates of course completion » S. Thrun, (Standford et Google) in CNN W. J. Bennett, 5/07/2012
Y. Epelboin UPMC-Sorbonne Universités TERENA march 2013
Models for Europe?
• The economical model: – Mass and open? – Less expensive distance learning model?
• The organization model: – Centralized : HE European model? – Competition among consortiums?
• European, national scale? • Merging with US consortiums?
• The funding problem – LMS – Support staff and teachers – Contents