kanonmdeblobis

analizi

mozardTa Soris Zaladobis

problemis gadasaWrelad

elene JorJolaZe

saqarTvelos parlamentis janmrTelobis dacvisa

da socialur sakiTxTa komiteti27-28 Tebervali, 2008

proeqtis mizani

1. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis maregulirebelifunqciis ganxorcielebis efeqtianobisgaanalizeba;

2. Tanamedrove moTxovnebTan saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisobis Seswavla;

3. saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi aqtebisa daucxoeTis ganviTarebuli qveynebis Sesabamisisakanonmdeblo bazis ganzogadeba da misiSedarebiTi analizi saqarTveloskanonmdeblobasTan.

gaanalizda• Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtebi;

• normatiul aqtebSi ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebi;

• saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Teoriul-samarTlebrivi mxare, kanonmdeblobis praqtikaSi gamoyeneba da saTanado Sedegebi;

• ucxoeTis qveynebis Sesabamisi normatiuli aqtebis analizi samarTlebrivi sistemis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT;

• zogierTi qveynis statistika kanonmdeblobis praqtikaSi gamoyenebis Taobaze.

saxelmwifos

maregulirebeli funqciis

ori mimarTuleba:L

2. prevenciuli _ aradamsjelobiTi RonisZiebebi, orientirebuli profilaqtikaze, anu SesaZlo kriminaluri Sedegebis Tavidan acilebaze

1. damsjelobiTi _ saxelmwifo iZulebis RonisZiebebi, orientirebuli ukve damdgari Sedegis mimarT

ganxilul iqna:

• saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi;

• saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsi;

• `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni;

• instruqcia, damtkicebuli saqarTvelos Sinagan

saqmeTa ministris 2006 wlis 17 maisis #635

brZanebiT `arasrulwlovanTa mier da maT

mimarT Cadenil danaSaulTa aRmkveTi

saqmianobis organizebis Sesaxeb~.

Aarasrulwlovnis definicia

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis mixedviT

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis

kodeqsis moqmedi redaqcia

arasrulwlovnad Tvlis pirs, romelsac

danaSaulis Cadenisas Seusrulda

ToTxmeti weli, magram ar Sesrulebia

Tvrameti weli.

arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli

sisxlis samarTlis kanonis normebi

arasrulwlovnebTan dakavSirebuli sisxlis samarTlis kanonis normebi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT:

1. kanoni arasrulwlovans ganixilavs, rogorc gansakuTrebulad dacul sikeTes –danaSaulis obieqts. arasrulwlovanTa mimarT Cadenili rigi danaSauli met sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas iwvevs, vidre srulwlovnis mimarT Cadenili;

2. kanoni arasrulwlovans ganixilavs daculi sikeTisa da marTlwesrigis xelmyofad _ danaSaulis subieqtad.

• arasrulwlovani ganixileba ra danaSaulis obieqtad, mis mimarT Cadenili danaSauli ufro mkacrad isjeba, vidre srulwlovnis mimarT. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi calkeul SemTxvevaSi danaSaulad acxadebs mxolod iseT qmedebebs, romlebmac SeiZleba ziani miayenon arasrulwlovan pirebs; magram sxva SemTxvevaSi igive qmedeba ar aris marTlsawinaaRmdego.

magaliTad, arasrulwlovnis dayolieba maTxovrobaze an sxva antisazogadoebriv qmedebaze iwvevs sisxlissamarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas, Tumca igive qmedeba, Cadenili srulwlovan pirTa mimarT samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas ar iwvevs (sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 171-e muxli).

• arasrulwlovani ganixileba ra

danaSaulis subieqtad, mas SesaZloa

daeniSnos saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli

sasjelis yvela saxe, garda

Tavisuflebis uvado aRkveTisa, anu mas

SeiZleba daeniSnos sasjeli an

aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis iZulebiTi

RonisZieba.

sakanonmdeblo SezRudvebi

sasjelis daniSvnisas

14-dan 16 wlamde arasrulwlovnisaTvis

dakisrebuli

• Tavisuflebis aRkveTa

ara umetes 10 wlisa;

• Tavisuflebis SezRudva

ara umetes 4 wlisa.

aRmzrdelobiTi xasiaTis

iZulebiTi RonisZiebebi

iTvaliswinebs:

• arasrulwlovnis gafrTxilebas;

• arasrulwlovnis sazedamxedvelod gadacemas;

• arasrulwlovnisaTvis zianis anazRaurebis movaleobis dakisrebas;

• arasrulwlovnis qcevis SezRudvas;

• arasrulwlovnis moTavsebas specialur aRmzrdelobiT an samkurnalo aRmzrdelobiT dawesebulebaSi.

Aarasrulwlovnis definicia

saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis mixedviT

14 wlidan 18 wlamde piri ganixileba

arasrulwlovnad,

14 wlamde piri _ mcirewlovnad.

saqarTvelos sisxlis

samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsi icnobs aRkveTis

RonisZiebis Semdeg saxeebs:

• braldebulis dapatimreba;

• girao;

• piradi Tavdeboba;

• samxedro mosamsaxuris sardlobismeTvalyureobaSi gadacema;

• arasrulwlovani braldebulismeTvalyureobaSi gadacema.

sisxlis samarTlis saproceso

kodeqsis Tanaxmad

• dapatimreba, rogorc wesi, argamoiyeneba arasrulwlovan pirTamimarT. ZiriTadad unda moxdes maTimeTvalyureobaSi gadacema;

• arasrulwlovani braldebulismeTvalyureobaSi gadacema aris aRkveTisRonisZiebis erT-erTi yvelaze msubuqiforma;

• praqtikaSi arasrulwlovanbraldebulTa mimarT aRkveTisRonisZiebis saxed umTavresadgamoiyeneba girao an dapatimreba.

saqarTvelos parlamentis mier 2007

wels am sferoSi ganxorcielebuli

mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi:

1. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTliskodeqsSi Setanil iqna cvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad,

arasrulwlovanTaTvis gamkacrdasisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobagarkveul danaSaulze, SemcirdaSeracxadobis asaki _ sisxlissamarTlebrivipasuxismgebloba dawesda 12 wlidan;

2. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlissaproceso kodeqsSi Setanil iqnacvlileba, romlis Tanaxmad,

dadginda arasrulwlovnis mier Cadenili

danaSaulis saqmis warmoebis ganxorcielebamxolod im mosamarTleebis, prokurorebisada gamomZieblebis mier, romlebmac gaiaresspecialuri momzadeba pedagogikasa dafsiqologiaSi.

es garemoeba mniSvnelovani da pozitiurinovaciaa saproceso kanonmdeblobaSi da, faqtobrivad, Tanamedrove evropuligamocdilebis gaziarebas warmoadgens.

3. `patimrobis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos

kanonSi Setanil iqna cvlilebebi, romlebic 2008 wlis 1 ivlissamoqmeddeba. am cvlilebebis Tanaxmad,

1. erTmaneTisagan gaimijna TormetidanToTxmet wlamde da ToTxmetidan Tvrametwlamde arasrulwlovanTaaRmzrdelobiTi dawesebulebebi;

2. am kategoriis msjavrdebulTaTvisdawesda gansxvavebuli mopyrobis wesebi.

prevenciuli xasiaTis saxelmwifoebrivi

zemoqmedebis RonisZiebebis gamoyenebis sakiTxebs

awesrigebs instruqcia, damtkicebuli

saqarTvelos Sinagan saqmeTa ministris 2006 wlis

17 maisis #635 brZanebiT `arasrulwlovanTa mier

da maT mimarT Cadenil danaSaulTa aRmkveTi

saqmianobis organizebis Sesaxeb~. am instruqciis

Tanaxmad:

• arasrulwlovanTa problemebze muSaobakriminaluri policiis departamentisinspeqtorebis kompetencias ganekuTvneba;

• maTi saqmianoba emyareba zonaluri dayofisprincips;

• erTi inspeqtoris sakuratoro zonaSi ar undaiyos 18 wlamde asakis 4000 arasrulwlovanzemeti.

instruqciis xarvezad SeiZleba

CaiTvalos:

• saTanadod ar aris mowesrigebuliarasrulwlovanTa inspeqtorebis meurveobisada mzrunvelobis organoebis koordinaciissakiTxi;

• ar aris daregulirebuli socialuri muSakebiskoordinaciis sakiTxi;

• cxadia, rom saSualod 4 aTasiarasrulwlovniT dasaxlebul teritoriazeinstruqciiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebisganxorcielebas erTi inspeqtori veruzrunvelyofs.

bralis Seracxadobis

asakobrivi zRvari ucxo

qveynebSi

• asaki, romlis dadgomis Semdegac pirs braladSeeracxeba mis mier CadenilimarTlsawinaaRmdego qmedeba, yvelgan identuriar aris da damokidebulia ama Tu im qveyanaSidamkvidrebul kulturul-istoriultradiciebze. amJamad bralis Seracxaobis asakisxvadasxva qveynis mixedviT 7 wlidan 18 wlamdemeryeobs;

• evropis umetes qveynebSi sisxlis samarTlispasuxismgeblobis minimaluri asaki 14 welia.

asaki q v e y a n a

7 egvipte, indoeTi, kviprosi, quveiTi, nigeria, axali gvinea, samx.

afrika, singapuri, honkongi bangladeSi

8 Sotlandia, Sri-lanka, zambia, kaimanis kunZulebi, indonezia

9 eTiopia, malta, omani

10 inglisi, avstralia, axali zelandia, kameruni, malaizia, saudis

arabeTi, uelsi, fiji, Crd. irlandia

11 TurqeTi

12 niderlandebi, san-marino, korea, maroko, meqsika, iamaika, israeli,

kanada, uganda,

13 estoneTi, monako, nigeria, saberZneTi, safrangeTi

14 avstria, bosnia-hercegovina, bulgareTi, germania, iaponia, italia,

latvia, litva, rumineTi, slovenia, ungreTi, taivani, CineTi,

xorvatia, aSS-is zogierTi Stati

15 dania, islandia, laosi, norvegia, poloneTi, slovakeTi, fineTi,

SvedeTi, CexeTi

16 andora, belgia, espaneTi, luqsemburgi, mozambiki, portugalia, Cile

18gvinea, ekvadori, venesuela, kolumbia

minimaluri asakobrivi

zRvari

minimaluri asakobrivi zRvari

qveyana sisxlis

samarTlis

pasuxismgeblobis

saSualo

skolis

damTavrebis

qorwinebis

gogonebi/vaJebi

dasaqmebis

inglisi, uelsi 10 16 16 16

niderlandebi 12 16 16 16

safrangeTi 13 16 18 16

avstria 14 15 15/18 15

germania 14 15 16 15

italia 14 14 16 15

dania 15 16 15 15

fineTi 15 16 18* 15

islandia 15 16 18 16

norvegia 15 16 18* 15

SvedeTi 15 16 18* 16

minimaluri asakobrivi

zRvari* gansakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi dasaSvebia 18 wlamde, magram qveda zRvari

dazustebuli ar aris.

minimaluri asakobrivi zRvari

qveyana sisxlis

samarTlis

pasuxismgeblobis

saSualo

skolis

damTavrebis

qorwinebis

gogonebi/vaJebi

dasaqmebis

TurqeTi 11 14 14/15 13

rumineTi 14 14 15/18 15

CexeTi 15 15 16 15

poloneTi 15 18 16 15

estoneTi 13 15 15 15

latvia 14 15 16 15

portugalia 16 15 16 15

espaneTi 16 16 14 16

slovenia 14 15 18* 15

arasrulwlovanTa

sasamarTlo sistema

• evropis TiTqmis yvela qveyanaSi sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli

danaSaulis CadenaSi mxilebul

arasrulwlovan pirs asamarTlebs

arasrulwlovanTa saqmeebis sasamarTlo.

• evropis qveynebis umetesobaSi

saxelmwifos midgoma orientirebulia

prevenciul da ara damsjelobiT

RonisZiebaTa gamoyenebaze.

SedarebiTma analizma aCvena1. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba, miuxedavad calkeuli

pozitiuri cvlilebisa, saWiroebs srulyofas samarTlebriviurTierTobebis maregulirebeli funqciis efeqtianiganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT;

2. saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis erT-erT mniSvnelovan xarvezadSeiZleba miviCnioT saqarTvelos administraciulsamarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis, am sakmaod moqnilisamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sistemis, arasaTanadogamoyeneba;

3. saqarTvelos administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsSiSesabamisi cvlilebis Setana _ arasrulwlovanTa calkeuliantisazogadoebrivi qmedebisaTvis administraciulipasuxismgeblobis daweseba, saxelmwifo organoebis xelSiefeqtiani saSualeba gaxdeba arasrulwlovanTa danaSauliswinaaRmdeg brZolaSi. amasTanave, saTanado praqtikuliimplementaciis pirobebSi igi kargi safuZveli iqnebaarasrulwlovanTa danaSaulebis dekriminalizaciisaTvis.

am sferoSi Catarebulma

gamokvlevebma cxadyo:

• mTeli msoflios masStabiT arasrulwlovanTamarTlmsajulebis sistema Soris arissrulyofilebisagan;

• problemas warmoadgens ara TviT es sistema an misdasaxvewad SerCeuli meTodebi, aramed is socialuriTu ekonomikuri faqtorebi, romlebic SesabamissamarTaldarRvevebs warmoqmnis. yovelive amisgaTvaliswinebiT mniSvnelovania am Zireuli mizezebisgamovlena da aRmofxvra;

• dasasrul, rac yvelaze mniSvnelovania, prioritetiunda mieniWos ara damnaSaveobis winaaRmdeg brZolas, aramed damnaSaveobis prevencias.

didi madloba

yuradRebisaTvis