mário dias; antónio castañera; cátia viana. m. dia… · 2-hidroxi-etilflurazepam...

Mário Dias; António Castañera; Cátia Viana

EMCDDA, 15 October 2014

http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/

Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses

87% of psychodrugs included in top 100 of substances with the highest number of sales in

2012 in Portugal are included in post mortem toxicological screening.

Psychodrugs in 2012 accounted for 55% of drug sales with action on Central Nervous

System

Psychodrugs drugs in 2012 accounted for 14% of total drug sales

DH

D

Evolution of Psychodrugs (DHD) by pharmacotherapeutic subgroup between 2000 and 2012

http://www.infarmed.pt/portal/page/portal/INFARMED/MONITORIZACAO_DO_MERCADO/OBSERVATORIO/ESTATISTICA_DO_MEDICAMENTO/EstMed-2011.pdf

25 % of all packages sold in

2011

56%






24,5 % of all packages sold in

2012

55%








65% of the telephone calls received in CIAV are associated to intoxication with drugs


Total = 6636

anxiolytics

antidepressants

antipsychotics

66%


Distribution of positive results by pharmacotherapeutic subgroup in post-mortem cases

80,7%

6,2% 7,3%

2,6% 1,3% 0,9% 0,3% 0,2% 0,4%

Psicofármacos Analgesicos estupefacientes

Anticonvulsivantes Anestésicos Locais

Anticoagulantes Beta bloqueantes

Vasodilatadores Antiaritmicos

Outros

Ano 2013

Antiarrhythmics

Beta Blockers

Analgesics narcotics

Local anaesthetics

Psychodrugs

Anticonvulsivants

Anticoagulants

Vasodilators

Others

Antidepressants

Amitriptyline

Citalopram

Clomipramine

Diltiazem

Dosulepine

Fluoxetine

Fluvoxamine

Maprotiline

Mianserine

Mirtazapine

nor-clomipramine

Nor-sertraline

Nortriptiline

Paroxetine

Quetiapine

Sertraline

Trazodone

Trimipramine

Venlafaxine


Distribution of psychodrugs by pharmacotherapeutic subgroup in post-mortem cases

Anxiolytics (Benzodiazepines)

Antipsychotics

Antidepressants 79,6%

14,8% 5,6%

Antipsychotics

Amisulpride

Ciamemazine

Chlorpromazine

Clozapine

Dothiepine

Haloperidol

Levomepromazine

Melperone

Olanzapine

Risperidone

Tiapride

Ano 2013

Anxiolytics

(benzodiazepines )

2-hidroxi-etilflurazepam

7-amino-clonazepam

a-Hidroxi-alprazolam

a-hidroxi-midazolam

Alprazolam

Bromazepam

Chlordiazepóxide

Clobazam

Clonazepam

Demoxepam

Desalquilflurazepam

Diazepam

Estazolam

Flurazepam

Lorazepam

Midazolam

Nordiazepam

Oxazepam

Temazepam

Zolpidem


South Centre North Total

Positives (Bzp) 436 260 493 1189

Positive (Bzp+EtOH) 60 65 67 192

(%) 13,8 25 13,6 16,15

Range (g/L) 0,1 - 4,23 0,1 - 4,17 0,1 - 5 0,1 - 5

Média (g/L) 1,09 1,38 1,53 1,34

Median 0,82 1,13 1,12 1,025

Benzodiazepines / Ethanol

%

Anfet./Met 4 0,34

Cocaíne 11 0,93

Cannabis 16 1,35

Methadone 35 2,94

Opiates 44 3,70

Antipsychotics 139 11,69

Antidepressants 334 28,09

Pesticides 11 0,93

Tramadol 52 4,37

Outhers 180 15,14

Benzodiazepines / Other Substances

n= 1189



0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

<18 years 19-24 years 25-34 years 35-49 years >=50 years

Male

Women

%

mário dias; antónio castañera; cátia viana. m. dia… · 2-hidroxi-etilflurazepam...

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