mrrj izns'k yksd lsok vk;ksxuppsc.up.nic.in/samplecopy/pcs_2018_hindi.pdf · mrrj izns'k...

mRrj izns'k yksd lsok vk;ksx

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lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼ih-lh-,l-½ ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ijh{kk&2018]

rFkklgk;d ou laj{kd ¼,-lh-,Q-½@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh ¼vkj-,Q-vks-½ lsok ijh{kk&2018

vkWuykbu vkosnu izkjEHk gksus dh frfFk % 06/07/2018

vkuykbu ijh{kk 'kqYd cSad esa tek djus dh vfUre frfFk % 02/08/2018

vkuykbu vkosnu Lohdkj fd;s tkus dh vfUre frfFk%(Submit) 06/08/2018

fo'ks"k lwpuk %& ¼d½ ^^cSad esa “kqYd tek djus dh vfUre frfFk rd vH;fFkZ;ksa }kjk fu/kkZfjr “kqYd tekdjus dh gh n”kk esa mudk vku ykbu vkosnu Lohdkj gksxkA ;fn fu/kkZfjr vfUre frfFk ds ckn fdlhcSad esa “kqYd tek fd;k tkrk gS rks vH;FkhZ dk vku ykbu vkosnu Lohdkj ugha gksxk rFkk tek fd;k x;k“kqYd fdlh n”kk esa okil ugha gksxkA fu/kkZfjr vfUre frfFk rd “kqYd cSad esa tek djuk rFkk fu/kkZfjrvfUre frfFk rd vkosnu djus dk nkf;Ro vH;FkhZ dk gSA ;g Hkh lwfpr fd;k tkrk gS fd'Submit'fu/kkZfjr ijh{kk “kqYd ls de vFkok vf/kd tek dh xbZ /kujkf”k Hkh fdlh Hkh n”kk esa okil ugha dhtk;sxhA** vkuykbu vkosnu gsrq vH;fFkZ;ksa dks fu/kkZfjr dkye esa viuk eksckby ua0 nsuk gksxk¼[k½ftlds fcuk mudk iwjk ugha gksxkA blh eksckby ua0 ij Hkfo"; esa lHkhBasic Registrationlwpuk,a@funZs”k ,l ,e ,l }kjk Hksts tk;saxsAvku&ykbu vkosnu djus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, vko';d lwpuk

;g foKkiu vk;ksx dh ij Hkh miyC/k gSA blWebsite http://uppsc.up.nic.infoKkiu esa vkosnu djus gsrq *vku&ykbu* vkosnu i)fr (ON-LINE APPLICATIONSYSTEM) ykxw gSA vU; fdlh ek/;e ls izsf’kr vkosnu Lohdkj ugha fd;s tk;saxsA vr,o vH;FkhZvku&ykbu vkosnu gh djsaA**vku&ykbu vkosnu** djus ds lEcU/k esa vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lwfpr fd;k tkrk gS fd os fuEufyf[kr funsZ'kksadks HkyhHkk¡fr le> ysa vkSj rn~uqlkj vkosnu djsa%&1& vk;ksx dh ijWebsite http://uppsc.up.nic.in “ALL NOTIFICATIONS/ADVERTISEMENTS” Click ON-LINE ADVERTISEMENTvH;FkhZ }kjk djus ijLor% iznf'kZr gksxk] ftlesa fuEufyf[kr rhu Hkkx gSa%&

(i) User Instructions(ii) ViewAdvertisement(iii)Apply

mu leLr foKkiuksa dh lwph iznf”kZr gksxh ftuesa ^^vku&ykbu vkosnu i)fr** ykxw gSAUser Instruction esa vH;fFkZ;ksa dks vku&ykbu QkeZ Hkjus ls lEcfU/kr fn'kk&funsZ'k fn;s x;s gSaAvH;FkhZ buesa ls ftl foKkiu dks ns[kuk pkgsa] mlds lkeus dks“View Advertisement” Click

djsaA ,slk djus ij iwjs foKkiu ds lkFk vku&ykbu vkosnu dh izfdz;k ls lEcfU/kr Sample

Snapshots “Apply” ClickHkh iznf'kZr gksaxsA vkuykbu vkosnu gsrq ij djsaA**vku&ykbu vkosnu** djus dk dk;Z fuEukafdr rhu Lrjksa ij fd;k tk;sxk%&izFke Lrj& djus ij ijh{kk ds lkis{k iznf'kZr gksxkApply click 'Candidate Registration'

rFkk djus ij iznf'kZr'Candidate Registration' Click Basic Registration Form

gksxkA Hkjus ds Ik'pkr~ cVu ij djus ls iwoZ vH;FkhZBasic Registration Form Submit Click

Hkjh xbZ lwpukvksa dks Hkyh HkkWafr tkWap ysa ,oa ;fn dksbZ la'kks/ku djuk gks rks 'Click here to modify'

ij fDyd djsaA Hkjh xbZ lwpukvksa ls lUrq"V gksus ds i'pkr~ ij djsa]'Submit Application' Click

ftlds QyLo:i izFke pj.k dk iathdj.k iw.kZ gks tk;sxkA rRi'pkr~ 'Print Registration Slip'

iznf'kZr gksxh] ftl ij djds dh fizUV izkIr dj ysaAclick Registration Slipf}rh; Lrj& izFke pj.k dh izfØ;k iwjh djus ds i'pkr~ LØhu ij 'Click here to proceed for

payment' 'Fee to be deposited [in INR]'dSI'ku ds lkFk iznf'kZr gksxkA mDr dSI'ku ijfDyd djus ds i'pkr~ LVsV cSad dkMOPS (Multi option Payment System) Home

Page (Mode) (i) NET BANKINGiznf'kZr gksxk ftl ij Hkqxrku ds rhu ek/;e iznf'kZr gksaxs(ii) CARD PAYMENTS (iii) OTHER PAYMENT MODES. mDr ek/;eksa esa ls fdlh,d ek/;e }kjk fu/kkZfjr ijh{kk 'kqYd tek djus ds i'pkr~ “Payment Acknowledegment

Receipt (PAR)” iznf'kZr gksxh ftlesa ijh{kk 'kqYd tek djus dk iwjk fooj.k vafdr jgsxk] bldhfizUV ij fDyd djds izkIr dj ysaA'Print payment Receipt'r`rh; Lrj& f}rh; pj.k dh izfØ;k iwjh djus ds i'pkr~ 'Proceed for final submission of

application form ij fDyd djus ij QkesZV iznf'kZr gksxkA mDr QkesZV esa vkuykbu lwpuk,a Hkjuhgksaxh rFkk QksVks o gLrk{kj LdSu djds viyksM djuk gksxkA vH;FkhZ viuh QksVks o gLrk{kj fu/kkZfjrlkbt ¼lkbt dk mYys[k vku ykbu vkosnu esa fu/kkZfjr LFkku ij gksxk½ esa gh LdSu djsaA ;g Hkh /;kuj[ksa fd QksVks uohure vkSj vko{k rd gksuh pkfg;sA ;fn QksVks o gLrk{kj fu/kkZfjr vkdkj esa(Chest)

LdSu djds ugha fd;k tkrk gS rks vkosnu dks vkuykbu flLVe Lohdkj ugha djsxkA QksVks oUpload

gLrk{kj LdSu djds viyksM djus dh izfØ;k esa nh xbZ gSA vkosnu izk:i ij lHkh izfof"V;kWaifjf'k"V&1vafdr djus ds ckn dks djds vH;FkhZ vius }kjk Hkjh xbZ lwpukvksa dks ns[k ysa"PREVIEW" Click

fd lHkh lwpuk;sa lgh&lgh Hkjh xbZ gSa vkSj iwjh rjg lUrq"V gksus ds ckn gh vkuykbu vkosnu vk;ksx dksizsf"kr djus gsrq cVu dks djsaA vH;FkhZ }kjk leLr lwpuk;sa lgh&lgh funsZ'kkuqlkj"Submit" Click

vku&ykbu QkesZV esa Hkjdj vkosnu tek djus dh fu/kkZfjr vafre frfFk rd cVu dks"Submit"

Click "Submit" Clickdjuk vko';d gS] ;fn vH;FkhZ }kjk cVu dks ugha fd;k tk;sxk rksvkuykbu vkosnu dh izfØ;k iwjh ugha gksxh rFkk bldk nkf;Ro vH;FkhZ dk gksxkA cVu dks"Submit"

Click djus ds i'pkr~ vkosnu dk fizUV ysdj vH;FkhZ bls vius ikl lqjf{kr j[ksaA fdlh folaxfr dhn'kk esa mDr fizUV vk;ksx dk;kZy; esa vH;FkhZ dks izLrqr djuk gksxk vU;Fkk vH;FkhZ dk vuqjks/k Lohdkjugha fd;k tk;sxkA vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ;g Li’V fd;k tkrk gS fd izkjfEHkd ijh{kk ds Lrj ij os vius vfHkys[k,oa vkWuykbu vkosnu lEcU/kh gkMZ dkih vk;ksx dks izsf’kr u djsaA

lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼ih-lh-,l-½ ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ijh{kk&2018]

rFkklgk;d ou laj{kd ¼,-lh-,Q-½@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh ¼vkj-,Q-vks-½ lsok ijh{kk&2018

vkWuykbu vkosnu izkjEHk gksus dh frfFk % 06/07/2018

vkuykbu ijh{kk 'kqYd cSad esa tek djus dh vfUre frfFk % 02/08/2018

vkuykbu vkosnu Lohdkj fd;s tkus dh vfUre frfFk%(Submit) 06/08/2018

fo'ks"k lwpuk %& ¼d½

¼[k½

vku&ykbu vkosnu djus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, vko';d lwpuk

1&

(i) User Instructions(ii) ViewAdvertisement(iii)Apply

izFke Lrj&

f}rh; Lrj&

r`rh; Lrj&

ifjf'k"V&1

vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ;g Li’V fd;k tkrk gS fd izkjfEHkd ijh{kk ds Lrj ij os vius vfHkys[k,oa vkWuykbu vkosnu lEcU/kh gkMZ dkih vk;ksx dks izsf’kr u djsaA

2- vkosnu 'kqYd%& vku ykbu vkosnu dh izfØ;k esa izFke pj.k dh dk;Zokgh iw.kZ djus ds i'pkr~ f}rh;pj.k esa fn;s x;s funsZ'kksa ds vuqlkj Js.khokj ijh{kk 'kqYd tek djsaA izkjfEHkd ijh{kk gsrq Js.khokj fu/kkZfjr'kqYd fuEukuqlkj gSa%&(i )i vukjf{kr @vU; fiNM+k oxZ & ijh{kk 'kqYd :0 100@& vkuykbu izfdz;k 'kqYd :0 25@&+

;ksx :0 125@&=(ii)- vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr & ijh{kk 'kqYd :0 40@& vkuykbu izfdz;k 'kqYd :0 25@&+

;ksx :0 65@&=(iii)- fodykax Js.kh & ijh{kk 'kqYd vkuykbu izfdz;k 'kqYd :0 25@&NIL+

;ksx :0 25@&=(iv)- Lora=rk laxzke lsukuh ds vkfJr@HkwriwoZ lSfud@efgyk & viuh ewy Js.kh ds vuqlkj3- ,sls vH;FkhZ] tks m-iz- yksd lsok vk;ksx ls izfrokfjr fd;s x;s gSa rFkk mudh izfrokj.k vof/k lekIrugha gq;h gS] mudk Lohdk;Z ugha gksxkA ;fn izfrokj.k lEcU/kh rF;ksa dksBasic RegistrationfNikdj vkosnu dj Hkh nsrs gSa rks Hkfo"; esa fdlh Hkh Lrj ij ;g rF; izdk'k esa vkus ij u dsoy blijh{kk gsrq mudk vH;FkZu fujLr dj fn;k tk;sxk oju~ mUgsa leLr vkxkeh ijh{kkvksa@p;uksa lsizfrokfjr [email protected] vof/k c<+k;s tkus ds ckjs esa vk;ksx }kjk fopkj fd;k tk;sxkA vH;fFkZ;ksa }kjkbl lEcU/k esa vius vkosnu esa fd;k x;k nkok lR; ugha ik;s tkus ij vk;ksx }kjk mUgsa iz'uxr ijh{kkrFkk Hkfo"; esa vk;ksftr gksus okyh leLr ijh{kkvksa@p;uksa ls izfrokfjr djus dh dk;Zokgh rFkk vU;n.MkRed dk;Zokgh dh tk ldrh gSA4- lcfeV fd;s x;s vkosnu esa la”kks/ku% vkuykbu vkosnu djus ds ckn ;fn fdlh vH;FkhZ dksSubmitSubmit fd;s tk pqds vkosnu esa fdlh =qfV dk Kku gksrk gS rks ijh{kk dk uke ,oa HkrhZ dk izdkj]Registered Mobile Number, E-mail ID Aadhaar Number] rFkk ,sls ekeys ftuesala”kksf/kr Js.kh dk “kqYd vf/kd gS dks NksM+dj ¼bu izfof’V;ksa esa =qfV djus dh n”kk esa vH;FkhZ fu/kkZfjr“kqYd ds lkFk gh u;k vkWuykbu vkosnu dj ldrs gSa D;ksafd iwoZ esa tek fd;k x;k “kqYd fdlh Hkh n”kkesa lek;ksftr @ okil ugh fd;k tk;sxkA½ bls vkuykbu vkosnu tek djus dh fu/kkZfjr vafre frfFkds iwoZ la”kksf/kr djus gsrq vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ,d volj vuqeU; gS] ftldh izfdz;k fuEukuqlkj gS%&

vH;FkhZ dks esa dss“ Candidate Segment ‘Online application process’vUrxZr dks fDyd djuk gksxk] djus ds‘Modify Submitted Application’ (Click) Clicki”pkr~ iznf”kZr gksxh ftlesa vH;FkhZ dks jftLVªs”ku“Candidate Personal Details” Screenua0] tUefrfFk fyax fuokl rFkk Js.kh(Date of Birth), (Gender), (Domicile)(Category) Verification Code ProceedHkjuh gksxh rRi”pkr~ vafdr djus ds cknButton ‘Authentication through’ij fDyd djuk gksxk] ftlds i”pkr~ esa pkj fodYiiznf”kZr gksaxs] ;Fkk rFkkRegistered Mobile, Registered e-mail ID, Aadhaar No.OTP (One Time Password) mDr pkjksa fodYiksa esa ls vH;FkhZ }kjk ftl fodYi gsrq p;ufd;k tkrk gS] mlls lEcfU/kr lwpuk vafdr djus gsrq iznf”kZr gksxk] ftlesa okafNrOption Boxlwpuk vafdr djus ds i”pkr~ cVu dks fDyd djus ij iwoZ esa vkuykbu‘Proceed’ Submitvkosnu iznf”kZr gksxkA bl esa(Online Application Form) Online Application FormokafNr la”kks/ku ;FkkLFkku djus ds mijkUr vH;FkhZ }kjk Online Application Form Submitfd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g lqfo/kk vH;fFkZ;ksa dks djus dhOnline Application Form SubmitvfUre frfFk rd dsoy ,d ckj gh vuqeU; gksxhA”5- m0iz0 yksd lsok vk;ksx lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk&2018 rFkk lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjhlsok eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk&2018 ¼ftudk vk;kstu vk;ksx }kjk vyx&vyx fd;k tk;sxk½ esa izos'k dsfy, mi;qDr vH;fFkZ;ksa dk p;u djus gsrq bl foKkiu ds esa mfYyf[kr ftyksa ds fofHkUuifjf'k"V&2ijh{kk dsUnzksa ij ,d lfEefyr izkjfEHkd ijh{kk dk vk;kstu djsaxsA p;u eq[; ijh{kk ¼fyf[kr ijh{kk½rFkk lk{kkRdkj esa izkIr vadksa ds dqy ;ksx ds vk/kkj ij gksxkA vk;ksx }kjk vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ijh{kk dh frfFkrFkk dsUnz dh lwpuk bZ&izos'k i= ds ek/;e ls nh tk;sxhA izkIr vkosnu i=ksa dh la[;k ds vk/kkj ijvk;ksx ds fu.kZ;kuqlkj ftyk@dsanzksa dh la[;k ?kVkbZ@c<+kbZ tk ldrh gSA6- fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k%& orZeku esa lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ijh{kk gsrq lkekU; p;u dsvUrxZr fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k yxHkx 831 gSa rFkk fo”ks’k p;u ¼fnO;kaxtu½ gsrq fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k 01 gSAlgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk gsrq lgk;d ou laj{kd in ds fy, fjfDr;ksa dhla[;k 16 gS rFkk {ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh in gsrq fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k 76 gSA:0 9300&34800 xzsM is : 4600 ¼dsoy uk;c rglhynkj xzsM is :-4200½ ls :- 15600&39100 xzsM is: 5400 rd ds osrueku ds in lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@ fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ ijh{kk esa lfEefyr fd;s tkrs gSa ftudk fooj.k bl izdkj gS %&fMIVh dysDVj] iqfyl mik/kh{kd] [k.M fodkl vf/kdkjh] lgk;d laHkkxh; ifjogu vf/kdkjh] vflLVsUVdfe'uj ¼okf.kT; dj½] ftyk dek.MsUV gksexkMZ~l] dks"kkf/kdkjh@ys[kkf/kdkjh ¼dks"kkxkj½] xUuk fujh{kd,oa lgk;d phuh vk;qDr] v/kh{kd dkjkxkj] izcU/kd _.k ¼y?kq m|ksx½] izcU/kd foi.ku ,oa vkfFkZdlosZ{k.k ¼y?kq m|ksx½] vf/k'kklh vf/kdkjh Js.kh&1@lgk;d uxj vk;qDr] ftyk csfld f'k{kkvf/kdkjh@lg ftyk fo|ky; fujh{kd ,oa vU; led{kh; iz'kklfud in] lgk;d funs'kd m|ksx¼foi.ku½] lgk;d Jek;qDr] ofj"B izoDrk] ftyk f'k{kk ,oa izf”k{k.k lLaFkku ¼Mk;V½] vfHkfgr vf/kdkjh]lgk;d vk;qDr m|ksx] lkaf[;dh vf/kdkjh] lgk;d ys[kkf/kdkjh ¼dks"kkxkj½] okf.kT; dj vf/kdkjh]ftyk vYi la[;d dY;k.k vf/kdkjh] ftyk [kk| foi.ku vf/kdkjh] dk;Z vf/kdkjh ¼iapk;rh jkt½] milfpo ¼vkokl ,oa 'kgjh fu;kstu½] {ks=h; jk'kfuax vf/kdkjh] ftyk fiNM+k oxZ dY;k.k vf/kdkjh] uk;crglhynkj] ftyk cpr vf/kdkjh] ftyk iapk;r jkt vf/kdkjh] ftyk lekt dY;k.k vf/kdkjh]vf/k'kklh vf/kdkjh ¼uxj fodkl½] ys[kk vf/kdkjh ¼uxj fodkl½] ftyk iwfrZ vf/kdkjh Js.kh &2] vijftyk fodkl vf/kdkjh ¼lekt dY;k.k½] ;k=hdj@ekydj vf/kdkjh] ftyk fodykax dY;k.k vf/kdkjh]lgk;d lsok ;kstu vf/kdkjh] ys[kkf/kdkjh ¼LFkkuh; fudk;½] {ks=h; lsok;kstu vf/kdkjh] lgk;dfucU/kd ¼lgdkfjrk½] mi fucU/kd] lgk;d vfHk;sktu vf/kdkjh ¼ifjogu½] ftyk izkscs'ku vf/kdkjh]ftyk xUuk vf/kdkjh] m0iz0 d`f"k lsok lewg ^^[k** ¼fodkl 'kk[kk½] ftyk iz'kklfud vkf/kdkjh] ftykys[kk ijh{kk vf/kdkjh ¼foRr ys[kk ijh{kk vuqHkkx½] lgk;d fu;a=d fof/kd eki foKku ¼xzsM&1 ,oaxzsM&2½] ftyk dk;Zdze vf/kdkjh] ftyk ;qok dY;k.k ,oa izknsf'kd fodkl ny vf/kdkjh lwpukvf/kdkjh@ftyk lwpuk vf/kdkjh@iVdFkk ys[kd@Qhpj ys[kd@izHkkjh v¡xzsth] Je izorZu vf/kdkjh]vkcdkjh fujh{kd] iz/kkukpk;Z] jktdh; b.VjehfM,V dkyst ¼ckyd@ckfydk ½] [kk| lqj{kk vf/kdkjhmi;qZDr esa ls ftu inksa ds vf/k;kpu izkIr gks pqds gSa mUgsa ijh{kk gsrq lfEefyr dj fy;k x;k gS 'ks"k inksa esa lsftuds vf/k;kpu izkjfEHkd ijh{kk ds ifj.kke vkus rd izkIr gks tk;saxs] bl ijh{kk esa lfEefyr fd;s tk ldrs gSaAlgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk ds vUrxZr inokj osrueku] xzsM is rFkk in dhizkfLFkfr fuEuor gS%&

Ø0 la0 in dk uke osrueku@xzsM is@in dh izkfLFkfrlgk;d ou laj{kd :- 15]600@& ls :0 39]100@&] xzsM1-

is& :5400@&] lewg ^^[k^^ jktif=rA2- {ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh :- 9300@& ls :- 34]800@& xzsM

is :- 4800@& lewg ^^[k^^ jktif=r A

uksV%& 'kklu ds vuqj¨/k ij fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k ?kV&c<+ ldrh gSA7- vkj{k.k % m0iz0 dh vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa@m0iz0 dh vuqlwfpr tu tkfr;ksa@m0iz0 ds vU; fiNM+s oxksZads fy, vkj{k.k fo|eku 'kkldh; fu;eksa ds vuqlkj fn;k tk;sxkA blh izdkj {kSfrt vkj{k.k ds vUrxZrvkus okyh Jsf.k;ksa] ;Fkk& m0iz0 ds Lora=rk laxzke lsukfu;ksa ds vkfJr@m0iz0 dh efgykvH;fFkZ;ksa@mRrj izns'k ds HkwriwoZ lSfudksa@m0iz0 ds lekt ds fnO;kax vH;fFkZ;ksa dks Hkh fo|eku v|ru

2- vkosnu 'kqYd%&izkjfEHkd ijh{kk gsrq Js.khokj fu/kkZfjr

'kqYd fuEukuqlkj gSa%&(i )i

(ii)-

(iii)-

(iv)-3-

4- lcfeV fd;s x;s vkosnu esa la”kks/ku%

5-

ifjf'k"V&2

6- fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k%&

Ø0 la0 in dk uke osrueku@xzsM is@in dh izkfLFkfr1-

2-

uksV%& 'kklu ds vuqj¨/k ij fo'ks"k ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fjfDr;ksa dh la[;k ?kV&c<+ ldrh gSA7- vkj{k.k %

egRoiw.kZ1& lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk&2018 gsrq vkosnu djus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lwfprfd;k tkrk gS fd lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk dh f}rh; voLFkk vFkkZr eq[; ijh{kk¼fyf[kr½ ,oa lk{kkRdkj esa izos”k gsrq mUgsa lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½¼izkjfEHkd½ ijh{kk&2018 esa “kkfey gksuk gksxk ,oa mls mRrh.kZ djuk gksxkA2& lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk ,oa lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok¼lkekU; p;u@ fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ ijh{kk gsrq bPNqd vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ik=rk lEcU/khvko”;d eki n.Mksa dh iwfrZ gsrq ,d gh ¼dkWeu½ vkuykbu vkosnu djuk gksxkA3& vkuykbu vkosnu djus ds ckn ;fn fdlh vH;FkhZ dks fd;s tk pqds vkosnu esa fdlhSubmit Submit

=qfV dk Kku gksrk gS rks ijh{kk dk uke ,oa HkrhZ dk izdkj] Registered Mobile Number, E-mail ID,

Aadhaar Number rFkk ,sls ekeys ftuesa la”kksf/kr Js.kh dk “kqYd vf/kd gS dks NksM+dj ¼bu izfof’V;ksa esa=qfV djus dh n”kk esa vH;FkhZ fu/kkZfjr “kqYd ds lkFk gh u;k vkWuykbu vkosnu dj ldrs gSa D;ksafd iwoZesa tek fd;k x;k “kqYd fdlh Hkh n”kk esa lek;ksftr @ okil ugh fd;k tk;sxkA½ bls vkuykbu vkosnutek djus dh fu/kkZfjr vafre frfFk ds iwoZ la”kksf/kr djus gsrq vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ,d volj vuqeU; gS] ftldhizfdz;k foKkiu ds fcUnq la[;k 4 esa nh xbZ gSA

egRoiw.kZ1& lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk&2018 gsrq vkosnu djus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lwfprfd;k tkrk gS fd lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk dh f}rh; voLFkk vFkkZr eq[; ijh{kk¼fyf[kr½ ,oa lk{kkRdkj esa izos”k gsrq mUgsa lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½¼izkjfEHkd½ ijh{kk&2018 esa “kkfey gksuk gksxk ,oa mls mRrh.kZ djuk gksxkA2& lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk ,oa lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok¼lkekU; p;u@ fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ ijh{kk gsrq bPNqd vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ik=rk lEcU/khvko”;d eki n.Mksa dh iwfrZ gsrq ,d gh ¼dkWeu½ vkuykbu vkosnu djuk gksxkA3& vkuykbu vkosnu djus ds ckn ;fn fdlh vH;FkhZ dks fd;s tk pqds vkosnu esa fdlhSubmit Submit

=qfV dk Kku gksrk gS rks ijh{kk dk uke ,oa HkrhZ dk izdkj] Registered Mobile Number, E-mail ID,

Aadhaar Number rFkk ,sls ekeys ftuesa la”kksf/kr Js.kh dk “kqYd vf/kd gS dks NksM+dj ¼bu izfof’V;ksa esa=qfV djus dh n”kk esa vH;FkhZ fu/kkZfjr “kqYd ds lkFk gh u;k vkWuykbu vkosnu dj ldrs gSa D;ksafd iwoZesa tek fd;k x;k “kqYd fdlh Hkh n”kk esa lek;ksftr @ okil ugh fd;k tk;sxkA½ bls vkuykbu vkosnutek djus dh fu/kkZfjr vafre frfFk ds iwoZ la”kksf/kr djus gsrq vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ,d volj vuqeU; gS] ftldhizfdz;k foKkiu ds fcUnq la[;k 4 esa nh xbZ gSA

foKkiu la[;k% ,&2@bZ&1@2018fnukad% 06@07@2018

foKkiu la[;k% ,&2@bZ&1@2018fnukad% 06@07@2018

mifucU/kd] lgk;d vfHk;kstuvf/kdkjh ¼ifjogu½mifucU/kd] lgk;d vfHk;kstuvf/kdkjh ¼ifjogu½

fof/k Lukrd

ftyk csfld f'k{kk vf/kdkjh@lgftyk fo|ky; fujh{kd ,oa vU;led{kh; iz'kklfud in] ftykiz'kklfud vf/kdkjhA

ftyk csfld f'k{kk vf/kdkjh@lgftyk fo|ky; fujh{kd ,oa vU;led{kh; iz'kklfud in] ftykiz'kklfud vf/kdkjhA

LukrdksRrj mikf/kA

ftyk xUuk vf/kdkjh] m0iz0 d`f"k lsoklewg *[k* ¼fodkl 'kk[kk½Aftyk xUuk vf/kdkjh] m0iz0 d`f"k lsoklewg *[k* ¼fodkl 'kk[kk½A

d`f"k LukrdA

ftyk ys[kk ijh{kk vf/kdkjh ¼foRr ys[kkijh{kk vuqHkkx½Aftyk ys[kk ijh{kk vf/kdkjh ¼foRr ys[kkijh{kk vuqHkkx½A

okf.kT; LukrdA

lgk;d fu;a=d fof/kd eki foKku ¼Js.kh&1½@lgk;d fu;a=d fof/kd eki foKku ¼Js.kh&2½Algk;d fu;a=d fof/kd eki foKku ¼Js.kh&1½@lgk;d fu;a=d fof/kd eki foKku ¼Js.kh&2½A

,d fo"k; ds :Ik esa HkkSfrdh ;k ;kaf=dhvfHk;a=.k lfgr foKku esa Lukrd mikf/kA

lgk;d funs'kd m|ksx ¼foi.ku½] lgk;dfuns”kd m|ksx ¼gFkdj?kk½lgk;d funs'kd m|ksx ¼foi.ku½] lgk;dfuns”kd m|ksx ¼gFkdj?kk½

dyk] foKku ;k okf.kT; ;k izkS|ksfxdh esaLukrdksRrj mikf/k ;k oL=ks|ksx esa fdlh ekU;rkizkIr laLFkk ls LukrdksRrj mikf/k ;k oL=ks|ksx esade ls de Lukrd mikf/kA

lgk;d Jek;qDrA okf.kT;@fof/k ;k ,d fo"k; ds :i esa vFkZ'kkL=;k lekt'kkL= ds lkFk dyk esa LukrdA

ftyk dk;Zdze vf/kdkjhA lekt 'kkL= ;k lekt foKku ;k x`g foKku;k lekt dk;Z esa Lukrd mikf/kA

ofj"B izoDrk] ftyk f'k{kk ,oa izf'k{k.k laLFkkuA LukrdksRrj mikf/k ds lkFk f'k{kk LukrdA

ftyk izkscs'ku vf/kdkjhA euksfoKku ;k lekt 'kkL= ;k lkekftd dk;Z esaLukrdksRrj mikf/k ;k mlds led{k dksbZ vgZrk ;klkekftddk;Z dh fdlh ekU;rk izkIr laLFkk ls lkekftddk;Z dh fdlh 'kk[kk esa LukrdksRrj fMIyksekA

vfHkfgr vf/kdkjh@[kk| lqj{kk vf/kdkjh ¼,d½ Hkkjr esa fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlhfo'ofo|ky; ls jlk;u foKku esa LukrdksRrj dhmikf/k ;k ljdkj }kjk ekU;rk izkIr mlds led{kdksbZ vgZrk gks] ¼nks½ [kk| lqj{kk vf/kdkjh ds in ijlh/kh HkrhZ ds fy, fofgr vgZrk esa ls de ls de ,dvgZrk] tks fuEuor~ gS%& ekU;rk izkIr fdlhfo'ofo|ky; ls [kk| izkS|ksfxdh ;k Ms;jhizkS|ksfxdh ;k tSo izkS|ksfxdh ;k rsy izkS|ksfxdh ;kd`f"k foKku ;k i'kq fpfdRlk foKku ;k tSo jlk;ufoKku ;k lw{e tho foKku esa Lukrd dh mikf/k ;kjlk;u foKku esa LukrdksRrj dh mikf/k ;k vkS"kf/kesa mikf/k ;k dsUnz ljdkj }kjk vf/klwfpr dksbZ vU;led{k@ekU;rk izkIr vgZrk] ijUrq fdlh O;fDrdks] ftldk fofuekZ.k vk;kr ;k fdlh [kk| inkFkZds fodz; esa dksbZ foRrh; fgr gks] [kk| lqj{kkvf/kdkjh ds :i esa fu;qDr ugha fd;k tk;sxkA

lkaf[;dh vf/kdkjhA Hkkjr esa fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlh fo'ofo|ky; lsxf.kr ;k xf.krh; lkaf[;dh ;k lkaf[;dh ;k d`f"klkaf[;dh esa LukrdksRrj mikf/k ;k ljdkj }kjkmlds led{k ekU;rk izkIr dksbZ vgZrkA

Je izorZu vf/kdkjh vFkZ'kkL=@lekt '[email protected]; ds lkFk Lukrdmikf/k rFkk fof/k@Je laca/k@Je dY;k.k@Jefof/[email protected];@lekt 'kkL=@lekt dk;Z@lektdY;k.k@O;kikj izca/ku@dkfeZd izca/ku esa iksLVxzstq,V fMIyksek vFkok ijkLukrd mikf/kA

lwpuk vf/kdkjh ftyk lwpukvf/kdkjh@iVdFkk ys[kd@Qhpj ys[kd@izHkkjh vaxzsth

lwpuk vf/kdkjh ftyk lwpukvf/kdkjh@iVdFkk ys[kd@Qhpj ys[kd@izHkkjh vaxzsth

iz/kkukpk;Z] jktdh; b.VjehfM,Vdkyst ¼ckyd ;k ckfydk gsrq½iz/kkukpk;Z] jktdh; b.VjehfM,Vdkyst ¼ckyd ;k ckfydk gsrq½

Cont...

uksV%& ^^vH;fFkZ;ksa }kjk fof'k"V vgZrk okys inksa gsrq Li"V :i ls fodYi ^^gkWa^^ fn;s tkus dh fLFkfr esa ghmUgsa fof'k"V vgZrk okys inksa gsrq fopkj fd;k tk;sxkA**lgk;d ou laj{kd@ {ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk esa lfEefyr inksa gsrq%&¼d½ lgk;d ou laj{kd in gsrq%& vfuok;Z “kSf{kd vgZrk;sa& Hkkjr esa fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlhfo'ofo|ky; ls ;k le;≤ ij dsUnzh; ljdkj }kjk vuqeksfnr fdlh fons'kh fo'ofo|ky; ls de lsde ,d fo"k; vFkkZr~ ouLifr foKku] tho foKku] jlk;u foKku] HkkSfrd foKku] xf.kr] HkwxHkZ foKku]okfudh] lkaf[;dh ds lkFk Lukrd mikf/k ;k d`f"k esa Lukrd mikf/k ;k vfHk;a=.k esa Lukrd mikf/k ;kljdkj }kjk mlds led{k ekU;rk izkIr dksbZ vgZrk gksuk vko';d gSAvf/kekuh vgZrk%& ,sls vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ftUgksaus ¼ ½ de ls de 02 o"kks± rd izknsf'kd lsuk esa lsok dh gks ;ki¼ ½ ,u-lh-lh- dk ^ch* izek.k i= izkIr fd;k gks] vU; ckrksa ds leku gksus ij lh/kh HkrhZ ds ekeys esaiivf/keku fn;k tk,xkA¼[k½ {ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh in gsrq%& vfuok;Z 'kSf{kd vgZrk;sa&Hkkjr esa fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlhfo'ofo|ky; ls xf.kr] HkkSfrd foKku] jlk;u foKku] ouLifr foKku] tUrq foKku] okfudh] HkwxHkZfoKku] d`f"k] lkaf[;dh] m|ku foKku vkSj i;kZoj.k fo"k;ksa esa ls nks ;k vf/kd fo"k;ksa ds lkFk Lukrdmikf/k ;k d`f"k esa ;k vfHk;kaf=dh esa ;k i'kq fpfdRlk foKku esa Lukrd mikf/k /kkjd gks] ;k ljdkj }kjkmlds led{k ekU;rk izkIr dksbZ vgZrk /kkjd gksAvf/kekuh vgZrk%& vU; ckrksa ds leku gksus ij lh/kh HkrhZ ds ekeys esa ,sls vH;FkhZ dks vf/keku fn;ktk,xk ftlus&¼1½ izknsf'kd lsuk esa U;wure nks o"kZ dh vof/k rd lsok dh gks] ;k ¼2½ jk"Vªh; dSMsV dksjdk ^^ch** izek.k&i= izkIr fd;k gks] ;k ¼3½ fdlh [ksy esa jkT; dk izfrfuf/kRo fd;k gksAU;wure 'kkjhfjd ekud%& lgk;d ou laj{kd in gsrq& ¼1½ lh/kh HkrhZ ds fy, fdlh vH;FkhZ dks lsok esafu;qDr ugha fd;k tk,xk tc rd fd og Å¡pkbZ o lhus ds ?ksjs ds fy, uhps fofufnZ"V :i ls U;wureekud u j[krk gks&fyax Å¡pkbZ lhus dk ?ksjk ¼ iw.kZ Qqykus ds i'pkr~½ foLrkj1 2 3 4iq#"k 163 lseh- 84 lseh- 5 lseh-efgyk 150 lseh- 79 lseh- 5 lseh-ijUrq vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj xksj[kk] usikyh] vklkeh] es?kky;h; tutkfr] yík[kh] flfDdeh] HkwVkuh]x<+okyh] dqekÅ¡uh] ukxk vkSj v#.kk¡py izns'k ds ewyoa'k ds vH;fFkZ;ksa dh n'kk esa U;wure Å¡pkbZ dkekud fuEu izdkj gksxk&

fyax Å¡pkbZ1 2iq#"k 152-5 lseh-efgyk 145-0 lseh-

¼2½ iq#"k vH;fFkZ;ksa ls pkj ?kUVksa esa iwjh dh tkus okyh 25 fdyksehVj dh vkSj efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa ls pkj ?kUVsesa iwjh dh tkus okyh 14 fdyksehVj dh iSny pky ijh{k.k esa vgZrk izkIr djus dh vis{kk dh tk;sxhA blijh{k.k ds lapkyu dh O;oLFkk eq[; ou laj{kd] mÙkj izns'k }kjk dh tk;sxh ftlls fd bls fpfdRlkifj"kn dh cSBd ds lkFk&lkFk fd;k tk ldsA{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh in gsrq%&¼1½ lh/kh HkrhZ ds fy, fdlh vH;FkhZ dks lsok esa rc rd fu;qDr ugha fd;k tk,xk tc rd fd og Å¡pkbZo lhus ds ?ksjs ds fy, uhps fofufnZ"V U;wure ekud u j[krk gks%&fyax Å¡pkbZ lhus dk ?ksjk ¼ iwjk Qqykus ds i'pkr~½ QSyko1 2 3 4iq#"k 163 lseh- 84 lseh- 5 lseh-efgyk 150 lseh- 79 lseh- 5 lseh-ijUrq vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa vkSj xksj[kk] usikyh] x<+okyh vkSj dqekÅ¡uh ewyoa'k ds vH;fFkZ;ksa dh n'kk esaU;wure Å¡pkb;ksa dk ekud fuEu izdkj gksxk%&

fyax Å¡pkbZ1 2iq#"k 152-5 lseh-efgyk 145 lseh-

¼2½ iq#"k vH;fFkZ;ksa ls pkj ?kUVksa esa iwjh dh tkus okyh 25 fdyksehVj dh vkSj efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa ls pkj ?kUVsesa iwjh dh tkus okyh 14 fdyksehVj dh iSny pky ijh{k.k esa vgZrk izkIr djus dh vis{kk dh tk;sxhA blijh{k.k dh O;oLFkk izeq[k eq[; ou laj{kd] mÙkj izns'k }kjk bl izdkj dh tk;sxh fd fpfdRlk ifj"kndh cSBd ds lkFk leUo; LFkkfir jgsA'kkjhfjd LoLFkrk%& ¼1½lgk;d ou laj{kd in gsrq& fdlh vH;FkhZ dks lsok esa fdlh in ij fu;qDr ughafd;k tk;sxk tc rd fd ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd n`f"V ls mldk LokLF; vPNk u gks vkSj og fdlh ,sls'kkjhfjd nks"k ls eqDr u gks] ftlls mls vius drZO;ksa dk n{krkiwoZd ikyu djus esa ck/kk iM+us dhlEHkkouk gksA fdlh vH;FkhZ dks lh/kh HkrhZ }kjk fu;qfDr ds fy, vfUre :i ls vuqeksfnr fd;s tkus ls iwoZmlls ;g vis{kk dh tk;sxh fd og fpfdRlk ifj"kn dh ijh{kk mÙkh.kZ dj ysA fdlh efgyk vH;FkhZ¼2½dks ijh{k.k ds vk/kkj ij ckjg lIrkg ;k vf/kd dh xHkZorh ik;s tkus ij vLFkk;h :i ls vLoLFk ?kksf"krfd;k tk;sxkA izlwfr ds fnuk¡d ls N% lIrkg i'pkr~ LoLFkrk ds fy, mldk iqu% ijh{k.k fd;k tk;sxkA{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh in gsrq%& ¼1½ fdlh vH;FkhZ dks lsok esa fdlh in ij rc rd fu;qDr ugha fd;ktk;sxk tc rd fd ekufld vkSj 'kkjhfjd n`f"V ls mldk LokLF; vPNk u gks vkSj fdlh ,sls 'kkjhfjdnks"k ls eqDr u gks ftlls mls vius drZO;ksa dk n{krkiwoZd ikyu djus esa ck/kk iM+us dh lEHkkouk gksAfdlh vH;FkhZ dks lh/kh HkrhZ }kjk fu;qfDr ds fy, vfUre :i ls vuqeksfnr fd;s tkus ls iwoZ mlls ;g

uksV%&

lgk;d ou laj{kd@ {ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk esa lfEefyr inksa gsrq%&¼d½ lgk;d ou laj{kd in gsrq%&

vf/kekuh vgZrk%&

¼[k½ {ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh in gsrq%&

vf/kekuh vgZrk%&

U;wure 'kkjhfjd ekud%& lgk;d ou laj{kd in gsrq&

fyax Å¡pkbZ lhus dk ?ksjk ¼ iw.kZ Qqykus ds i'pkr~½ foLrkj

fyax Å¡pkbZ

¼2½

{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh in gsrq%&¼1½

fyax Å¡pkbZ lhus dk ?ksjk ¼ iwjk Qqykus ds i'pkr~½ QSyko

fyax Å¡pkbZ

¼2½

'kkjhfjd LoLFkrk%& ¼1½lgk;d ou laj{kd in gsrq&

¼2½

{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh in gsrq%& ¼1½

'kkldh; fu;eksa ds vuqlkj fjfDr;k¡ cuus ij vkj{k.k vuqeU; gksxkA m0iz0 ds lekt ds fnO;kax vH;fFkZ;ksa dsfy, 'kklu }kjk vf/klwfpr ¼fpfUgr½ fd;s x;s inksa ij fjfDr;ka cuus ij vkj{k.k vuqeU; gksxkAuksV%& ¼1½ vkj{k.k@vk;q esa NwV dk ykHk pkgus okys vH;FkhZ lacaf/kr vkjf{kr Js.kh ds leFkZu esa blfoLr`r foKkiu ds esa eqfnzr rFkk osclkbV ij miyC/k fu/kkZfjr izk:i ij l{ke vf/kdkjhifjf'k"V&3}kjk tkjh izek.k i= izkIr dj ysa ,oa tc muls vis{kk dh tk; rc os mls vk;ksx dks izLrqr djsaA ¼2½m0iz0 ds vkjf{kr Js.kh ds lHkh vH;FkhZ vkosnu esa viuh Js.kh@mi Js.kh vo'; vafdr djsaA ,d ls¼3½vf/kd vkjf{kr Js.kh@vk;q lhek esa NwV dk nkok djus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa dks dsoy ,d NwV] tks vf/kdykHkdkjh gksxh] nh tk;sxhA vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr] vU; fiNM+k oxZ] Lora=rk laxzke¼4½lsukuh ds vkfJr] fnO;kaxtu] HkwriwoZ lfSud rFkk efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa dks] tks mRrj izns”k jkT; ds ewyfuoklh ugha gSa] mUgsa vkj{k.k@vk;q esa NwV dk ykHk vuqeU; ugha gS] ,sls vH;FkhZ vukjf{kr Js.kh ds vH;FkhZekus tk;saxsA efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa ds ekeys esa firk i{k ls fuxZr tkfr@fuokl izek.k i= gh ekU; gksaxsA¼5½¼6½ HkwriwoZ lSfudksa gsrq lewg *x* ds inksa dh miyC/krk gksus dh n'kk esa fu;ekuqlkj vkj{k.k vuqeU; gksxkA¼7½ vH;fFkZ;ksa }kjk izkjfEHkd ijh{kk esa vius vkosnu esa ik=rk rFkk vkj{k.k dk ykHk izkIr djus gsrqftl [email protected] dk nkok fd;k x;k gS] mlds leFkZu esa leLr okWfNr izek.k&i=ksa dhLoizekf.kr izfr;kaW eq[; ijh{kk ds vkosnu i= ds lkFk layXu fd;k tkuk vfuok;Z gS] vU;Fkk mudknkok Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk,xkA8- vkikr deh'ku izkIr@vYidkfyd deh'ku izkIr vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ik=rk 'krsZa%& ¼dsoy vk;q esa NwV gsrq½vkikr deh'ku izkIr@vYidkfyd deh'ku izkIr vf/kdkjh] tks lsuk ls voeqDr ugha gq;s gSa fdUrq ftudhlSU; lsok esa o`f} iquokZl ds fy, dh xbZ gS] Hkh bl ijh{kk ds fy,++ 'kklukns'kla[;k&22@10@1976&dkfeZd&2&85] fnukad 30 tuojh] 1985 ds vuqlkj fuEufyf[kr 'krksZa ijvkosnu dj ldrs gSa %& ,sls vkosndksa dks Fky lsuk@ukS lsuk@ok;q lsuk ds l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh¼v½bl vk'k; dk izek.k i= izLrqr djuk gksxk fd mudh lsok esa o`f} iquokZl ds fy;s dh x;h gS vkSj mudsfo:) dksbZ vuq'kklukRed dk;Zokgh yfEcr ugha gSA ,sls vkosndksa dks ;Fkk le; ;g fyf[kr¼c½v.MjVsfdax izLrqr djuk gksxk fd vkosfnr in ds fy;s pqu fy;s tkus ij os vius dks lSU; lsok lsrRdky voeqDr djk ysaxsA vkikr@vYidkfyd deh'ku izkIr vf/kdkjh dks ;g lqfo/kk vuqeU; ughagksxh] ;fn mls lsuk esa LFkk;h deh'ku izkIr gks x;k gksA og R;kx i= nsdj lsuk ls voeqDr gqvk¼d½ ¼[k½gks ,oa og lsuk ls dnkpkj vFkok 'kkjhfjd v{kerk ds dkj.k vFkok Lo;a dh izkFkZuk i= ds vk/kkj ij¼x½voeqDr u gqvk gks vkSj ftls xzsP;qVh iznku dh xbZ gksA vkosnu i= djus dh vafre frfFk rdSubmit

“kSf{kd ;ksX;rk@ik=rk dh lHkh 'krsZa iw.kZ gksuk vfuok;Z gSA9- oSokfgd izkfLFkfr%& ,sls fookfgr iq:"k vH;FkhZ] ftudh ,d ls vf/kd thfor iRuh gks rFkk efgykvH;FkhZ ftUgksaus fdlh ,sls O;fDr ls fookg fd;k gS ftldh igys ls gh ,d iRuh gks] ik= ugha gksaxs] tcrd fd egkefge jkT;iky us mDr 'krZ ls NwV iznku u dj nh gksA10- 'kSf{kd vgZrk %& lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@ fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ ijh{kk esa lfEefyr inksa gsrq%&vkosnu i= Lohdkj fd;s tkus dh vfUre frfFkrd vH;fFkZ;kas dks Hkkjr esa fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlh ekU;rk izkIr fo'ofo|ky; dh Lukrd fMxzh ;kled{k vgZrk vo'; /kkfjr djuh pkfg,A bldk mYys[k vH;FkhZ vius vku&ykbu vkosnu ds fu/kkZfjrLrEHk esa djsaA ¼fdUrq dfri; inksa gsrq fof'k"V vgZrk;sa Hkh gSa] ftudk fooj.k fuEuor~ gS %&

uksV%& ¼1½ifjf'k"V&3

¼2½¼3½

¼4½

¼5½¼6½¼7½

8- vkikr deh'ku izkIr@vYidkfyd deh'ku izkIr vf/kdkfj;ksa dh ik=rk 'krsZa%&

¼v½

¼c½

¼d½ ¼[k½¼x½

9- oSokfgd izkfLFkfr%&

10- 'kSf{kd vgZrk %&

¼d½ vfuok;Z vgZrk&¼,d½ Hkkjr esa fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlh fo”ofo|ky; ls ,d fo’k;ds :i esa fgUnh ds lkFk Lukrd mikf/k ;k ljdkj }kjk mldsled{k ekU;rk izkIr dksbZ mikf/kA¼nks½ i=dkfjrk esa fMIyksek ;k ikap o"kZ dk i=dkfjrk dk vuqHkoA¼[k½ vf/kekuh vgZrk&¼1½ lekpkj i=ksa vkSj if=dkvksa esa ys[k] iVdFkk vkSj Qhpj fy[kusdk vuqHkoA¼2½ Hkkjr esa fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlh fo”ofo|ky; ls ;k ljdkj}kjk mlds led{k ekU;rk izkIr fdlh laLFkk ls i=dkfjrk esaLukrd mikf/kA¼3½ ljdkj }kjk ekU;rk izkIr fdlh laLFkk ls laxhr @izdk'k&O;oLFkk@vfHku;@funsZ'ku bR;kfn esa fMIyksekA

¼,d½ Hkkjr esa fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlh fo”ofo|ky; lsLukrdksRrj mikf/k ;k ljdkj }kjk mlds led{k ekU;rk izkIrdksbZ mikf/kA¼nks½ f”k{kk foHkkx] mRrj izns'k dk ,y0Vh0 fMIyksek ;k ch0Vh0 ;kch0,M0 ;k fdlh fo”ofo|ky; dh dksbZ led{k mikf/kA¼rhu½ gkbZLdwy ;k b.VjehfM,V d{kkvksa ;k mijksDr ls mPprjd{kkvksa esa Hkkjr esa fof/k }kjk LFkkfir fdlh fo”ofo|ky; vFkokegkfo|ky; vFkok ljdkj }kjk ekU;rk izkIr fdlh ,slh laLFkk lsde ls de rhu o’kZ dk i<+kus dk vuqHkoA

Cont...

vis{kk dh tk;sxh fd og fpfdRlk ifj"kn }kjk fd, x;s ijh{k.k esa lQy ?kksf"kr gksA ijUrq inksUufr }kjkHkrhZ fd, x;s vH;FkhZ ls LoLFkrk lEcU/kh fpfdRlk izek.k&i= dh vis{kk ugha dh tk;sxhA ¼2½ fdlhefgyk vH;FkhZ dks ijh{k.k ds vk/kkj ij 12 lIrkg ;k vf/kd dh xHkZorh ik;s tkus ij vLFkk;h :i lsvLoLFk ?kksf"kr fd;k tk;sxkA izlwfr ds fnuk¡d ls 06 lIrkg i'pkr~ LoLFkrk ds fy, mldk iqu% ijh{k.kfd;k tk;sxkAuksV%& vH;FkhZ vkosnu djus ds iwoZ HkyhHkk¡fr ;g lqfuf”pr dj ysa fd os mi;qZDr 'kkjhfjd ;ksX;rk;sa j[krsgSaA11- ¼1-½ vk;q lhek%& lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU;@ fnO;kaxtu &cSdykWx@fo”ks’kp;u½ ijh{kk rFkk lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk gsrq%& vH;fFkZ;ksa dks 1 tqykbZ]2018 dks 21 o"kZ dh vk;q vo'; iwjh djuh pkfg, vksSj mUgsa 40 o"kZ ls vf/kd vk;q dk ugha gksuk pkfg,vFkkZr~ mudk tUe 2 tqykbZ] 1978 ls iwoZ rFkk 1 tqykbZ] 1997 ds ckn dk ugha gksuk pkfg,A fnO;kaxtugsrq vf/kdre vk;q lhek 55 o"kZ gS vFkkZr~ vH;FkhZ dk tUe 2 tqykbZ] 1963 ds iwoZ dk ugha gksuk pkfg,Aiz/kkukpk;Z] jktdh; b.VjehfM,V dkyst ¼ckyd ;k ckfydk gsrq½ in gsrq vH;fFkZ;ksa dks 1 tqykbZ 2018dks U;wure 30 o’kZ dh vk;q vo”; iwjh djuh pkfg, vkSj mUgsa 40 o’kZ ls vf/kd vk;q dk ugha gksuk pkfg,vFkkZr~ mudk tUe 2 tqykbZ 1978 ls iwoZ RkFkk 1 tqykbZ 1988 ds ckn dk ugha gksuk pkfg,A¼2½ vf/kdre vk;q lhek esa NwV %& ¼d½ m0iz0 ds vuqlwfpr tkfr] m0iz0 ds vuqlwfpr tu tkfr] m0iz0 dsvU; fiNM+s oxZ ds vH;fFkZ;ksa] m0iz0 ds oxhZd`r [ksyksa ds dq'ky f[kykfM+;ksa rFkk ¼miz- jkT; ljdkj dsdeZpkfj;ksa m0iz0 csfld f”k{kk ifj’knh; f”k{kd@f”k{k.ksRrj deZpkfj;ksa@vuqnkfur ek/;fed fo|ky;ksaesa dk;Zjr f”k{kdksa@deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, vf/kdre vk;q lhek esa 05 o"kZ dh NwV vuqeU; gksxhA ;g NwVdsoy m0iz0 ds ewy fuoklh vH;fFkZ;ksa dks gh vuqeU; gksxh vFkkZr mudk tUe 2 tqykbZ] 1973 ds iwoZ dkugha gksuk pkfg,A m0iz0 ds lekt ds fnO;kax vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, vf/kdre vk;q lhek 15 o"kZ vf/kd¼[k½gksxhA m- iz- ds vkikr deh'ku izkIr vf/kdkfj;ksa@vYidkfyd deh'ku izkIr vf/kdkfj;ksa@HkwriwoZ¼x½lSfudkas ds fy, ¼ftUgksaus lsuk esa 05 o"kZ dh lsok iwjh dj yh gks] lewg ^[k* ds inksa gsrq vf/kdre vk;q lhekesa 05 o"kZ dh NwV vuqeU; gksxh ijUrq lewg ^[k* ds inksa gsrq vkj{k.k ns; ugha gksxkA lewg ^x* ds inksa dhmiyC/krk dh fLFkfr esa½ fu;ekuqlkj vk;q lhek esa NwV ,oa vkj{k.k ns; gksxkAUkksV% bl fu;e esa fdlh vU; ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh lh&lSV izHkkfor dksbZ vH;FkhZ tks lfEefyr jkT;@izojv/khuLFk lsok ijh{kk] 2013 esa lfEefyr gqvk Fkk fdUrq vU;Fkk fLFkfr esa lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFklsok ¼lkekU; p;u@ fnO;kaxtu &cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ ijh{kk] 2018 gsrq bl fu;e esa mfYyf[kr “krksZ,oa n”kkvksa ds vuqlkj vk;q lhek dh fu”pk;d frfFk ds vUrxZr vf/ko;Ld gksus ds dkj.k vugZ gS] dkslfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@ fnO;kaxtu &cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ ijh{kk] 2018esa ,d vfrfjDr volj vuqeU; gksxkA12- lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ eq[;¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk rFkk lk{kkRdkj ,oa lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kkrFkk lk{kkRdkj ds lEcU/k esa dfri; lwpuk;sa%& ¼1½ izkjfEHkd ijh{kk esa lQy gksus okys vH;FkhZ gh eq[;¼fyf[kr ijh{kk½ esa lfEefyr fd, tk;saxs] ftlds fy, vk;ksx ds funZs'kkuqlkj lQy vH;fFkZ;ksa dks iqu%vkosnu djuk gksxk ,oa vukjf{kr ¼lkekU;½ vH;fFkZ;ksa] m-iz- ds vU; fiNM+s oxZ ds vH;fFkZ;ksa rFkk m- iz- dsckgj ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, ijh{kk 'kqYd :0 200@& ,oa vku&ykbu izfdz;k 'kqYd :0 25@&] ;ksx :0225@& rFkk m0iz0 ds vuqlwfpr tkfr@m0iz0 ds vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds vH;fFkZ;ksa gsrq ijh{kk 'kqYd :080@& ,oa vku&ykbu izfdz;k 'kqYd :0 25@& ;ksx :0 105@& fu/kkZfjr gSA {kSfrt vkj{k.k dsvUrxZr vkus okys m0iz0 ds fodykax vH;fFkZ;ksa dks eq[; ijh{kk gsrq dksbZ 'kqYd ns; ugha gS ijUrq mUgsavku&ykbu izfdz;k 'kqYd :0 25@& ek= nsuk gksxkA m0iz0 ds LorU=rk laxzke lsukuh ds vkfJr rFkkm0iz0 ds lsuk ds voeqDr vf/kdkjh@lSU; fo;ksftr deZpkjh@HkwriwoZ lSfud vH;FkhZ@mRrj izns'k dhefgyk vH;FkhZ] ftl ewy Js.kh ls lEcfU/kr gkasxs] mUgsa mlh [email protected] gsrq 'kqYd tek djuk gksxkA ¼2½lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ijh{kk rFkk lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk gsrq vH;fFkZ;ksa dksvyx& vyx vkuykbu vkosnu ,oa fu/kkZfjr “kqYd vk;ksx dks lcfeV@tek djuk gksxkA vk;ksx }kjkmDr nksuksa eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk,sa vyx&vyx vk;ksftr djk;h tk;saxhA vH;FkhZ lko/kkuh iwoZd¼3½uksV dj ysa fd eq[; ijh{kk esa os mlh vuqdzekad ij cSBsaxs tks mUgsa izkjfEHkd ijh{kk ds fy, vkoafVr fd;kx;k gSA eq[; ijh{kkvksa gsrq frfFk;kW rFkk ijh{kk dsUnz ckn esa vk;ksx }kjk fu/kkZfjr fd, tk;saxs] ftldh¼4½lwpuk bZ&izos'k i= ds ek/;e ls nh tk;sxhA dsoy ogh vH;FkhZ lk{kkRdkj ds fy, vkgwr fd;s tk;saxs¼5½tks eq[; ijh{kk ¼fyf[kr ijh{kk½ ds vk/kkj ij lQy ?kksf"kr gksaxsA vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lk{kkRdkj ds iwoZ¼6½fu/kkZfjr vkosnu i=kfn Hkjuk gksxkA fofHkUu inksa ds fy, vf/kekU;rk,a lk{kkRdkj ds le; ekaWxh¼7½tk;saxh] tks vfUre gksaxh vkSj rRi'pkr~ muesa dksbZ ifjorZu vuqeU; ugha gksxk ,oa bl laca/k esa =qfVlq/kkj@la'kks/ku gsrq dksbZ Hkh izR;kosnu@izkFkZuk i= Lohdk;Z ugha gksxkA ewy izek.k i=ksa dh tkWp¼8½lk{kkRdkj ds le; gksxh] ml le; vH;fFkZ;ksa dks nks QksVksxzkQ vius foHkkxk/;{k vFkok ml laLFkk dsiz/kku }kjk] tgkW mUgksaus vfUre f'k{kk ik;h gks vFkok fdlh jktif=r vf/kdkjh }kjk izekf.kr rFkk nks lknsQksVksxzkQ Hkh izLrqr djuk gksxkA dsUnz vFkok jkT; ljdkj ds v/khu dk;Zjr vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lk{kkRdkj¼9½ds le; vius lsok;kstd dk l{ke izkf/kdkjh }kjk fuxZr vukifRr izek.k i= izLrqr djuk gksxkA ¼10½lk{kkRdkj ds fy, lQy ?kksf"kr vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lk{kkRdkj esa mifLFkr gksuk vfuok;Z gksxkAuksV%& vH;fFkZ;ksa dks lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’kp;u½ ijh{kk rFkk lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk dh eq[; ijh{kk ¼fyf[kr ijh{kk½ds vkosnu i=ksaa esa fd;s tkus okys leLr nkoksa dh iqf"V esa Lo izekf.kr [email protected] i= layXu djukvfuok;Z gSA ;fn os leLr nkoksa dh iqf"V esa Lo izekf.kr [email protected] i= layXu ugha djrs gSa rks mudkvH;FkZu fujLr dj fn;k tk;sxkA½13- vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ vuqns'k%& ¼1½ m0iz0 yksd lsok vk;ksx ds fu.kZ; ds vuqlkj fdlh Hkh vH;FkhZdks vius vkosnu i= esa xyr rF;ksa dks] ftudh izek.k i= ds vk/kkj ij iqf"V ugha dh tk ldrh gS] nsus ijvFkok vU; fdlh dnkpkj ij vk;ksx dh iz'uxr ijh{kk rFkk vU; leLr ijh{kkvksa ,oa p;uksa ls vf/kdre05 o"kksZa rd izfrokfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA vk;ksx dk;kZy; esa vkosnu i= izkIr gks tkus ds i'pkr~¼2½vH;fFkZ;ksa dh Js.kh] miJs.kh] tUefrfFk rFkk eq[; ijh{kk ¼fyf[kr½ gsrq oSdfYid fo’k; vkfn esa ifjorZuvuqeU; ugha gSA bl lEcU/k esa =qfV lq/kkj@la'kks/ku gsrq dksbZ izR;kosnu Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk;sxkA ¼3½gkbZLdwy vFkok led{k mRrh.kZ ijh{kk ds izek.k i= esa vafdr tUefrfFk gh ekU; gksxhA vH;FkhZ dks ¼eq[;ijh{kk ds½ vkosnu i= ds lkFk gkbZLdwy vFkok led{k ijh{kk dk izek.k i= layXu djuk gksxkA tUefrfFkgsrq mDr izek.k i= ds vfrfjDr vU; dksbZ vfHkys[k ekU; ugha gksxk rFkk mDr izek.k i= layXu u djusij vkosnu i= fujLr dj fn;k tk;sxkA eq[; ijh{kk ds vkosnu i= ds lkFk vH;FkhZ dks 'kSf{kd¼4½;ksX;rkvksa ds lEcU/k esa fd;s x;s nkoksa dh iqf"V esa vadi=] izek.k i= ,oa mikf/k dh Lor% izekf.kr izfrlayXu djuk gksxkA nkoksa dh iqf"V esa izek.k i=@vfHkys[k layXu u djus ij vFkok izek.k i=@vad i=Lor% izekf.kr u gksus ij vkosnu i= vLohdr dj fn;k tk;sxkA lekt ds fnO;kax vH;fFkZ;ksa dks m0iz0¼5½yksd lsok ¼'kkjhfjd :i ls fodykax] Lora=rk laxzke lsukfu;ksa ds vkfJr vkSj HkwriwoZ lSfudkas½ ds fy,vkj{k.k ¼la'kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1997 dh /kkjk&2 esa mfYyf[kr fnO;kaxrk ls xzLr gksus lEcU/kh izek.k i= ;Fkkla'kksf/kr lifBr 'kklukns'k fnukad 03 Qjojh] 2008 tks fu/kkZfjr izk:i ij fnO;kaxrk izek.k i= nsus gsrql{ke fpfdRlkf/kdkjh@fo'ks"kK }kjk fuxZr ,oa eq[; fpfdRlkf/kdkjh }kjk izfr gLrk{kfjr gksa] izLrqr djusij 'kklu }kjk fpfUgr fd, x;s inksa ij gh vkj{k.k dk ykHk vuqeU; gksxkA vkosnu i= tek djus dh¼6½vafre frfFk rd HkwriwoZ lSfudksa dks lSU; lsok ls voeqDr gksuk vko';d gSA ijh{kk dh frfFk] le; rFkk¼7½dsUnzksa vkfn ds lEcU/k esa vuqdzekad lfgr bZ&izos'k i= ds ek/;e ls lwpuk nh tk;sxhA vH;fFkZ;ksa dksvkoafVr dsUnz ij gh ijh{kk nsuh gksxhA ijh{kk dsUnz ifjorZu vuqeU; ugha gksxk rFkk bl lEcE/k esa dksbZ HkhizkFkZuk i= Lohdk;Z ugha gksxkA tks vH;FkhZ dkykUrj esa foKkiu dh “krksaZ ds vuqlkj vgZ ugha ik;s¼8½tk;saxs] mudk vH;FkZu@p;u fujLr dj fn;k tk;sxk vkSj eq[; ijh{kk esa izos'k gsrq mudk dksbZ nkok ekU;ugha gksxkA vH;fFkZ;ksa ds vH;FkZu@p;u ds lEcU/k esa vk;ksx dk fu.kZ; vfUre gksxkA vkosnu Ik=¼9½fu/kkZfjr izk:i ij u gksus ij] vkosnu i= esa tUe frfFk dk mYys[k u djus ij] =qfViw.kZ tUe frfFk vafdrdjus ij] vf/ko;Ld ;k vYio;Ld gksus ij] eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk dsa vkosnu i= esa oSdfYid fo’k; dkmYys[k u gksus ij] U;wure 'kSf{kd vgZrk /kkfjr u djus ij] vkosnu i= izkIr fd, tkus gsrq fu/kkZfjr

uksV%& vH;FkhZ vkosnu djus ds iwoZ HkyhHkk¡fr ;g lqfuf”pr dj ysa fd os mi;qZDr 'kkjhfjd ;ksX;rk;sa j[krsgSaA11- ¼1-½ vk;q lhek%&

iz/kkukpk;Z] jktdh; b.VjehfM,V dkyst ¼ckyd ;k ckfydk gsrq½ in gsrq vH;fFkZ;ksa dks 1 tqykbZ 2018dks U;wure 30 o’kZ dh vk;q vo”; iwjh djuh pkfg, vkSj mUgsa 40 o’kZ ls vf/kd vk;q dk ugha gksuk pkfg,vFkkZr~ mudk tUe 2 tqykbZ 1978 ls iwoZ RkFkk 1 tqykbZ 1988 ds ckn dk ugha gksuk pkfg,A¼2½ vf/kdre vk;q lhek esa NwV %& ¼d½

¼[k½¼x½

UkksV% bl fu;e esa fdlh vU; ckr ds gksrs gq, Hkh lh&lSV izHkkfor dksbZ vH;FkhZ tks lfEefyr jkT;@izojv/khuLFk lsok ijh{kk] 2013 esa lfEefyr gqvk Fkk fdUrq vU;Fkk fLFkfr esa lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFklsok ¼lkekU; p;u@ fnO;kaxtu &cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ ijh{kk] 2018 gsrq bl fu;e esa mfYyf[kr “krksZ,oa n”kkvksa ds vuqlkj vk;q lhek dh fu”pk;d frfFk ds vUrxZr vf/ko;Ld gksus ds dkj.k vugZ gS] dkslfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@ fnO;kaxtu &cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ ijh{kk] 2018esa ,d vfrfjDr volj vuqeU; gksxkA12- lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ eq[;¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk rFkk lk{kkRdkj ,oa lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kkrFkk lk{kkRdkj ds lEcU/k esa dfri; lwpuk;sa%& ¼1½

¼2½

¼3½

¼4½¼5½

¼6½¼7½

¼8½

¼9½¼10½

uksV%&

13- vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, egRoiw.kZ vuqns'k%& ¼1½

¼2½

¼3½

¼4½

¼5½

¼6½¼7½

¼8½

¼9½

vfUre frfFk ds ckn vkosnu i= izkIr gksus ij rFkk vkosnu i= ds ?kks"k.kk i= ds uhps gLrk{kj u djus ijvkosnu i=@vH;FkZu fujLr dj fn;k tk;sxkA vk;ksx] vkosnu i= dh ljljh tkaWp ij vH;fFkZ;ksa dks¼10½vkSicfU/kd izos'k ns ldrs gSa] fdUrq ckn esa fdlh Hkh Lrj ij ;g ik;s tkus ij fd vH;FkhZ vgZ ugha Fkk] vFkokvkosnu i= izkjfEHkd Lrj ij gh Lohdkj djus ;ksX; ugha Fkk] mldk vH;FkZu fujLr dj fn;k tk;sxk vksSj;fn p;uksijkar laLrqr Hkh dj fn;k x;k gks rks vk;ksx dh laLrqfr okil ys yh tk;sxhA dnk'k;¼11½vFkkZr ijh{kk Hkou esa udy djus] vuq'kklughurk] nqO;Zogkj rFkk vU; vokaNuh; dk;Z djus ij vH;FkhZdk vH;FkZu fujLr dj fn;k tk;sxkA bu vuqns'kksa dh vogsyuk djus ij vH;FkhZ dks bl ijh{kk rFkk Hkfo";esa gksus okyh vU; leLr ijh{kkvksa@p;uksa ls izfrokfjr fd;k tk ldrk gSA bl lEcU/k esa vk;ksx dk fu.kZ;vafre gksxkA vk;ksx ls lHkh i=kpkj esa ijh{kk dk uke] foKkiu la[;k] jftLVªs'ku uEcj] tUefrfFk]¼12½firk@ifr dk uke rFkk vuqdzekad ¼;fn fn;k x;k gks½ dk mYys[k vo'; gksuk pkfg,A fu;qfDr gsrq¼13½p;fur vH;fFkZ;ksa dks fu;eksa esa visf{kr LokLF; ijh{k.k djkuk gksxkA izkjfEHkd ijh{kk ds vk/kkj ij¼14½eq[; ijh{kk esa izos'k gsrq fjfDr;ksa ds yxHkx 18 xquk rd vH;FkhZ lQy ?kksf"kr fd;s tk;saxs rFkk eq[;¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk ds ifj.kke ds vk/kkj ij lk{kkRdkj gsrq yxHkx rhu xquk rd vH;FkhZ cqyk;s tk;sxasA ¼15½Ldsfyax i)fr eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk ds oSdfYid fo’k;ksa esa ykxw jgsxhA ,sls vH;FkhZ tks in ds fy;s¼16½fu/kkZfjr vgZdkjh ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gks jgs gSa] os bl ijh{kk gsrq vkosnu u djsa] D;ksafd os ik= ugha gSaA ¼17½vH;FkhZ vks,evkj mRrj i=d dks Hkjus esa dsoy dkys cky IokbaV isu dk iz;ksx djsaA isafly ;k fdlh vU;isu dk iz;ksx dnkfi u djsaA vH;FkhZ dh lHkh izfof’V;ka] lgh lgh HkjasA bUgsaOMR Answer Sheet¼18½fjDr NksM+us vFkok =qfViw.kZ Hkjus dh fLFkfr esa mudh dk ewY;kadu ugh fd, tkusOMR Answer Sheet

dk fu.kZ; fy;k tk ldrk gS] ftlds fy, vH;FkhZ Lo;a mRrjnk;h gksxkA vks,evkj mRrj i=d esa Hkjh x;hlwpuk dks OgkbVuj] CysM vFkok jcj vkfn ls feVk;k ugha tk;sA nks izfr;ksaOMR Answer Sheets¼19½esa] ,d ewy izfr rFkk nwljh vH;FkhZ izfr jgsxhA ijh{kk lekfIr ds(Original Copy (Candidate's Copy½ ½i'pkr~ vH;FkhZ dh ewy izfr vUrjh{kd dks lkSai nsxsa rFkkOMR Answer Sheets (Original Copy½vH;FkhZ izfr vius lkFk ys tk;saxsA ¼20½ izkjfEHkd ijh{kk ds oLrqfu’B izdkjd(Candidate's Copy½iz”ui=ksa esa xyr mRrjksa ij n.M dh O;oLFkk fuEuor ykxw gksxh %&¼ ½Negative Marking

1- izR;sd iz”u ds fy, pkj oSdfYid mRrj gSA mEehnokj }kjk izR;sd iz”u ds fy, fn, x, ,d xyrmRrj ds fy, iz”u gsrq fu;r fd, x, vadks dk 1@3 ¼0-33½ n.M ds :i esa dkVk tk,xkA2- ;fn dksbZ mEehnokj ,d ls vf/kd mRrj nsrk gS rks bls xyr mRrj ekuk tk,xk] ;|fi fn, x, mRrjksaesa ls ,d mRrj lgh gksrk gS] fQj Hkh bl iz”u ds fy, mi;qZDrkuqlkj gh mlh rjg dk n.M fn;k tk,xkA3- ;fn mEehnokj }kjk dksbZ iz”u gy ugha fd;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ mEehnokj }kjk mRrj ugh fn;k tkrk gSrks ml iz”u ds fy, dksbZ n.M ugha fn;k tk,xkA¼21½ vuqlwfpr tkfr rFkk vuqlwfpr tutkfr vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, U;wure n{krk ekud (Minimum

Efficiency Standard) %30 fu/kkZfjr gS vFkkZr bu Jsf.k;ksa ds vH;FkhZ ;fn ¼izkjfEHkd@eq[;½ ijh{kk esa30 ls de vad izkIr djrs gSa rks os Js’Brk@p;u lwph esa lfEefyr ugha fd;s tk;saxsA blh izdkj] vU;%

Jsf.k;ksa ds vH;fFkZ;ksa ds fy, U;wure n{krk ekud 40 fu/kkZfjr gS(Minimum Efficiency Standard) %

vFkkZr~ ,sls vH;FkhZ ;fn izkjfEHkd@eq[; ijh{kk esa 40 ls de vad izkIr djrs gSa rks os Js’Brk@p;u lwph%

esa lfEefyr ugha fd;s tk;saxsA ,sls lHkh vH;FkhZ vk;ksx }kjk fu/kkZfjr U;wure n{krk ekud (Minimum

Efficiency Standard) ls de vad ikus ij vugZ ekus tk;saxsA vH;fFkZ;ksa ls lkekU; fgUnh ds¼22½vfuok;Z iz”ui= esa U;wure vad izkIr djus dh vis{kk dh tk;sxh tks ;Fkk fLFkfr] “kklu ;k vk;ksx }kjkvo/kkfjr fd;s tk;saxsA14- 'kkjhfjd ekin.M %& 'kkjhfjd ekin.M okys inksa tSls iqfyl mik/kh{kd] v/kh{kd dkjkxkj] ftykdekUMsUV gksexkM~lZ rFkk vkcdkjh fujh{kd vkfn miyC/k gksus dh n'kk esa lEcfU/kr lsokfu;ekoyh@vf/k;kpu ds vuqlkj mu ij 'kkjhfjd ekin.M ykxw jgsxk tks fd fuEuor gS %&

¼10½

¼11½

¼12½¼13½

¼14½

¼15½¼16½

¼17½

¼18½

¼19½

1-

2-

3-

¼22½

14- 'kkjhfjd ekin.M %&

vH;fFkZ;ksa dh Js.kh ÅapkbZ ¼lseh esa½ lhuk ¼lseh esa½

fcuk Qqyk, Qqykus ij

¼,d½ dsoy iq:’k vH;fFkZ;ksagsrq& vukjf{kr] ukxfjdksa dsvU; fiNM+s oxksZ vkSjvuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa

165

160

84

79

89

84¼nks½ vuqlwfpr tutkfr;k

¼rhu½ dsoy efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksagsrq& vukjf{kr] ukxfjdksa dsvU; fiNM+s oxksZ vkSjvuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa

152 ykxw ughaA

¼pkj½ vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ka 147 ykxw ughaA

ykxw ughaA¼ikap½ lHkh Jsf.k;ksa dh efgykvH;fFkZ;ksa gsrq U;wure otu

40 fdxzk

iqfyl mik/kh{kd in gsrq

ftyk dekaMsaV gksexkMZ~l in gsrq

vH;fFkZ;ksa dh Js.kh Å¡pkbZ ¼lseh esa½ lhuk ¼lseh esa½


¼,d½ iq:’k vH;FkhZ 165

150160

84

7984

89

8489

¼nks½ efgyk vH;FkhZ

¼rhu½ iq:’k vH;FkhZ dqek;w¡vkSj x<+oky eaMyksa vkSjvuqlwfpr tutkfr dsvH;fFkZ;ksa gsrq

vH;fFkZ;ksa dh Js.kh Å¡pkbZ ¼lseh esa½ lhuk ¼lseh esa½


¼,d½ iq:’k vH;FkhZ 167

147

152

81-2 86-2

v/kh{kd dkjkxkj in gsrq¼,d½ Å¡pkbZ& 168 lseh vkSj dqek;w¡ vkSj x<+oky laHkkx ds vH;fFkZ;ksa dh n”kk esa 163lseh ls de ughaA¼nks½ lhus dk ?ksjk 81-3 lseh ¼fcuk Qqyk,½ vkSj 86-3 lseh ¼Qqykus ij½ ¼rhu½ nf’V 6@6

v/kh{kd dkjkxkj in gsrq

vkcdkjh fujh{kd in gsrq

¼nks½ efgyk vH;FkhZ ¼vuq-tkfr@vuq-tu tkfr½

¼rhu½ vU; efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa gsrq

Cont...

lkekU; vuqns'k1& vfUre fu;r frfFk o le; ds i'pkr~ fdlh Hkh Lrj ds vkosnu i= fdlh Hkh n'kk esa Lohdkj ugha fd;stk;saxsA visf{kr lwpukvksa ls jfgr rFkk ,sls vkosnu i=] ftu ij vH;FkhZ ds QksVks vFkok gLrk{kj ughagksaxs] le; ls izkIr gksus ij Hkh fujLr fd;s tk ldrs gSA2& lHkh izdkj ls iw.kZ vkosnu tek djus dh fu/kkZfjr vfUre frfFk o le; rd vH;FkhZ }kjk 'ONLINEAPPLICATION' SUBMIT CLICKizfdz;k esa cVu dks djuk vfuok;Z gSA vH;FkhZ vius }kjk Hkjh x;hlwpukvksa dk fizUV izkIr dj ysa vkSj mls lqjf{kr j[ksaA fdlh folaxfr dh n'kk esa vH;FkhZ dks mDr fizUVvk;ksx dk;kZy; dks izLrqr djuk gksxk vU;Fkk vH;FkhZ dk vuqjks/k Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk;sxkA3& vkj{k.k@vk;q lhek esa NwV dk ykHk pkgus okys vH;FkhZ lacaf/kr vkjf{kr Js.kh ds leFkZu esa bl foLrrfoKkiu esa eqfnzr fu/kkZfjr izk:i ij l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk tkjh izek.k i= izkIr dj ysa ,oa tc¼ifjf'k"V&3½muls vis{kk dh tk;s rc os mls vk;ksx dks izLrqr djsaA ,d ls vf/kd vkjf{kr Js.kh@vk;q lhek esa NwV dknkok djus okys vH;fFkZ;ksa dks dsoy ,d NwV] tks vf/kd ykHkdkjh gksxh] nh tk;sxhA vuqlwfpr tkfr]vuqlwfpr tu tkfr] vU; fiNM+k oxZ] Lora=rk laxzke lsukuh ds vkfJr] fnO;kaxrk ls xzLr] HkwriwoZlSfud] efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa] dq”ky f[kykfM+;ksa rFkk m0iz0 jkT; ds deZpkfj;ksa@f'k{kdksa vkfn dks] tks m0iz0jkT; ds ewy fuoklh ugha gSa] mUgsa vkj{k.k@vk;q lhek dk ykHk vuqeU; ugha gSA ,sls vH;FkhZ vkukjf{kr Js.khds ekus tk;saxsA efgyk vH;fFkZ;ksa ds ekeys esa firk i{k ls fuxZr tkfr@fuokl izek.k&i= gh ekU; gksaxsA4& vk;ksx vH;fFkZ;ksa dks mudh ik=rk ds lEcU/k esa dksbZ ijke'kZ ugha nsrs gSa] blfy, mUgsa foKkiu dk lko/kkuhiwoZd v/;;u djuk pkfg;s vkSj rHkh vkosnu djsa tc lUrq"V gks tk;sa fd os foKkiu dh 'krksZa ds vuqlkj vgZ gSaAin ds fy, okafNr lHkh vgZrk,a vkosnu i= Lohdkj fd;s tkus dh vafre frfFk rd vo'; /kkfjr djuh pkfg,A5& Lora=rk laxzke lsukfu;ksa ds vkfJrksa dh Js.kh esa dsoy iq=] iq=h rFkk ikS= ¼iq= dk iq=@iq=h dk iq=½,oa ikSf=;kaW ¼iq= dh iq=h@iq=h dh iq=h] fookfgr@vfookfgr½ gh vkrs gSaA bl Js.kh ds vH;FkhZ vkj{k.kfo"k;d izek.k&i= 'kklukns'k la[;k&453@79&oh&1&15&1¼dk½ 14&2015] fnukad 07-04-2015 }kjkfu/kkZfjr izk:i ij ftykf/kdkjh ls izkIr dj izLrqr djsaA6& fdlh dnkpkj] fdlh egRoiw.kZ lwpuk dks fNikus] vfHk;kstu@vkijkf/kd okn yfEcr gksus] nks"k fl)gksus] ,d ls vf/kd thfor ifr ;k iRuh ds gksus] rF;ksa dks xyr izLrqr djus rFkk vH;FkZu@p;u dslEcU/k esa flQkfj'k djus vkfn d`R;ksa esa fyIr ik;s tkus ij vH;FkZu fujLr djus rFkk vk;ksx dh iz'uxrijh{kk o vkxkeh ijh{kkvksa ,oa p;uksa ls izfrokfjr djus dk vf/kdkj vk;ksx dks gksxkA(Debar)7& ;fn vH;FkhZ dks vku&ykbu vkosnu esa dksbZ dfBukbZ gks jgh gS rks nwjHkk"k }kjk vFkok Website ij“Contact us” ls viuh dfBukbZ@leL;k dk gy izkIr dj ldrs gSaA8& QksVks o gLrk{kj LdSu djds viyksM djus dh izfdz;k esa nh xbZ gSA izkjfEHkd ijh{kk gsrqifjf”k’V&1ftyksa dh lwph ij rFkk vkj{k.k lEcU/kh izek.k i=ksa dk uewuk ij miyC/k gSA blhifjf'k"V&2 ifjf'k"V&3izdkj ijh{kk dh ;kstuk ij] izkjfEHkd ijh{kk gsrq ikB~;dze ij rFkk lfEefyrifjf'k"V&4 ifjf'k"V&5jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu & cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ eq[; ijh{kk gsrq vuqns'k,oa ikB~;dze ij miyC/k gSA lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk gsrq eq[;ifjf'k"V&6¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk dh ijh{kk ;kstuk ,oa ikB~;Øe Øe”k% ij miyC/k gSAifjf”k’V&7 ,oa 8

Detailed Application FormAt the top of the page there is a Declaration. The candidates are advised to go through the

contentsof theDeclarationcarefully.Candidatehastheoptioneither toagreeordisagreewith the

contents of Declaration by clicking on 'I agree' or 'I do not agree' buttons. In case the candidate

opts to disagree, the application will be dropped, and the procedure will be terminated.

Accepting to agree onlywill submit the candidate'sOn-lineApplication.

Notification Details:

This section shows information relevant to notification.

Personal Details:

This section shows information about candidate's personal details i.e. Registration

Number, Candidate's Name, Father/Husband's Name, Gender, Date of Birth, UP domicile,

Category, Marital Status, Email-ID and Contact Number.

Other Details of Candidate

Other details of candidate shows the information details about UP Freedom Fighter, Ex

Army, service duration and your physical deformity.

Education & Experience Details

It shows your educational and experience details.

CandidateAddress, Photo & Signature details

Here you will see your complete communication address and photo with your signature.

Declaration Segment

At the bottom of the page there is a 'Declaration' for the candidates. Candidates are

advised to go through the contents of the Declaration carefully. After filling all above

particulars there is provision for preview your detail before final submission of application

form on clicking on “Preview” button. Preview page will display all facts/particulars that you

have mentioned on entry time if you are sure with filled details then click on “Submit” button

to finally push data into server with successfully submission report that you can print.

Otherwise using “Back” button option you can modify your details.

(CANDIDATES ARE ADVISED TO TAKE A PRINT OF THIS PAGE BY CLICKING ON

THE “PRINT” OPTIONAVAILABLE)

For Other Information:

For other information candidates are advised to select desired Option in 'Home Page' of

Commisision's website http://uppsc.up.nic.in

lkekU; vuqns'k1&

2&

3&¼ifjf'k"V&3½

4&

5&

6&

7&

8& ifjf”k’V&1ifjf'k"V&2 ifjf'k"V&3

ifjf'k"V&4 ifjf'k"V&5

ifjf'k"V&6ifjf”k’V&7 ,oa 8

Guide Lines for Scanning Photograph with Signature

1. Paste the Photo on any white paper as per the above required dimensions. Sign in the

Signature Space provided. Ensure that the signature is within the box.

2. Scan the above required size containing photograph and signature. Please do not scan

the complete page.

3. The entire image (of size 3.5 cm by 6.0 cm) consisting of the photo along with the

signature is required to be scanned, and stored in* .jpg, .jpeg, .gif, .tif, .png format on local

machine.

4. Ensure that the size of the scanned image is not more than 50 KB.

5. If the size of the file is more than 50 KB, then adjust the settings of the scanner such as

the DPI resolution, no. colours etc., during the process of scanning.

6. The application has to sign in full in the box provided. Since the signature is proof of

identify, it must be genuine and in full; initials are not sufficient. Signature in CAPITAL

LETTERS is not permitted.

7. The signature must be signed only by the application and not by any other person.

8. The signature will be used to put on the Hall Ticket and wherever necessary. If the

Applicant's signature on answer script, at the time of the examination, does not match the

signature on the Hall Ticket, the applicant will be disqualified.

Sample Image & Signature:-

ifjf”k’V & 2ftu uxjksa esa izkjfEHkd ijh{kk vk;ksftr dh tk;sxh os fuEu izdkj gSa%&vkxjk] bykgkckn] vktex<+] ckjkcadh] cjsyh] xksj[kiqj] bVkok] QStkckn] xkft;kckn] tkSuiqj] >kalh]

dkuiqj uxj] y[kuÅ] esjB] eqjknkckn] jk;cjsyh] 'kkgtgkaiqj] lhrkiqj] okjk.klh] eSuiqjh vkSj eFkqjkA

1.

2.

3.

4.

6.

7.

8.

ifjf”k’V & 2ftu uxjksa esa izkjfEHkd ijh{kk vk;ksftr dh tk;sxh os fuEu izdkj gSa%&vkxjk] bykgkckn] vktex<+] ckjkcadh] cjsyh] xksj[kiqj] bVkok] QStkckn] xkft;kckn] tkSuiqj] >kalh]

dkuiqj uxj] y[kuÅ] esjB] eqjknkckn] jk;cjsyh] 'kkgtgkaiqj] lhrkiqj] okjk.klh] eSuiqjh vkSj eFkqjkA

RegardingApplication:

1- On clicking “View Application status” option in candidate Segment page you can see

current status of candidate.

2- On clicking “Result” option in candidate Segment page candidate can see result status

of periodically.

3- “Interview/Exam Schedule” option in candidate Segment page candidate can see

interview and examination schedule details periodically.

4- On clicking “KeyAnswer Sheet” candidate can download key answer sheet.

5- On clicking “Admit Card/Hall Ticket” candidate can download their Admit Card using

with some basic credential of candidate.

6- On clicking “List of Rejected Candidate” candidate can view rejected candidate list.

7- On clicking “Syllabus” candidate can view syllabus of particular examination.

[Candidates applying on-line need NOT send hard copy of the On-line Application filled

by them on-line or any other document/ certificate/testimonial to the Uttar Pradesh Public

Service Commission. However they are advised to take printout of the On-line Application

and retain it for further communication with the UPPSC.] [The Candidates applying for the

examination should ensure that they fulfill all eligibility conditions for admission to

examination. Their admission at all the stages of the examination will be purely provisional

subject to satisfying the prescribed eligibility conditions]. UPPSC takes up verification of

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ifjf”k’V & 1The Procedure relating to upload Photo & Signature:-

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2-

3-

4-

5-

6-

7-

ifjf”k’V & 1

1.5

cm

He

igh

t=4

.5 c

m

with= 3.5 cm

Photo

Signature

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ifjf'k"V & 4

ijh{kk dh ;kstuk

lfEefyr jkT;@ çoj vèkhuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdy‚x@fo'ks"k p;u½ ijh{kk& rFkk2018lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vfèkdkjh ijh{kk & gsrq çfr;ksfxrk ijh{kk esa Øeokj rhu Lrj lfEefyr gSa ;Fkk2018% ¼ ½ çkjfEHkd ijh{kk ¼oLrqfu"B o cgqfodYih çdkj dh½] ¼ ½ eq[; ijh{kk ¼ijEijkxr çdkj dh vFkkZr fyf[kr1 2ijh{kk½ ¼ ½ ekSf[kd ijh{kk ¼O;fäRo ijh{kk½3

çkjfEHkd ijh{kk

lfEefyr jkT;@ çoj vèkhuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdy‚x@fo'ks"k p;u½ ijh{kk rFkk lgk;d oulaj{kd@ {ks=h; ou vfèkdkjh lsok ijh{kk gsrq çkjfEHkd ijh{kk nks vfuok;Z ç'ui=ksa dh gksxhA ftuds mÙkj i=dvks-,e-vkj- lhV ds :i esa gksaxsA lfEefyr jkT;@ çoj vèkhuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdy‚x@fo'ks"k p;u½ ijh{kk rFkk lgk;d ou laj{kd@ {ks=h; ou vfèkdkjh lsok ijh{kk gsrq çkjfEHkdijh{kk ds fy, ikBîØe bl foKkiu ds ifjf'k"V & esa mfYyf[kr gSA çR;sd ç'u&i= vadksa ds rFkk nks &nks5 200?k.Vs vofèk ds gksaxsA nksuksa ç'u i= oLrqfu"B o cgqfodYih; çdkj ds gksaxs ftuesa Øe'k% o ç'u gksaxsA çFke150 100ç'u i= iwokZgu % cts ls % cts rd rFkk f}rh; ç'ui= vijkà % cts ls lk;a % cts rdA9 30 11 30 2 30 4 30

uksV% ¼1½ çkjfEHkd ijh{kk dk f}rh; ç'ui= vgZdkjh gksxk ftlesa U;wure 33 ~ vad çkIr fd;k tkuk%

vfuok;Z gksxkA¼2½ ewY;kadu ds mís'; ls vH;ÆFk;ksa dks çkjfEHkd ijh{kk ds nksuksa ç'ui=ksa esa lfEefyr gksuk ckè;dkjh gSAvr,o ;fn dksÃ vH;FkÊ nksuksa ç'ui=ksa esa lfEefyr ugÈ gksrk gS rks og vugZ gks tk;sxkA(disqualify)

¼3½ vH;ÆFk;ksaa ds ;ksX;rkØe dk fuèkkZj.k muds çkjfEHkd ijh{kk ds çFke ç'ui= esa çkIr vadks ds(Merit)

vkèkkj ij fd;k tk;sxkA

ifjf'k"V & 4

ijh{kk dh ;kstuk

çkjfEHkd ijh{kk

Cont...

2- lfEefyr jkT;@ çoj vèkhuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu & cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½ ijh{kkgsrq eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk ds fy, fuèkkZfjr fo"k; % eq[; ijh{kk esa fuEufyf[kr vfuok;Z rFkk oSdfYidfo"k; gksaxs ftudk ikBîØe bl foKkiu ds ifjf'k"V& 6 esa mfYyf[kr gSaA vH;ÆFk;ksa dks eq[; ijh{kk gsrqoSdfYid fo"k;ksa dh lwph esa ls dksÃ ,d fo"k; pquuk gksxk ftlds nks ç'u&i= gksaxsA

¼v½ vfuok;Z fo"k;- lkekU; fgUnh vad1 150- fucUèk vad2 150- lkekU; vè;;u] çFke ç'u&i= vad3 200- lkekU; vè;;u] f}rh; ç'u&i= vad4 200

5 200- lkekU; vè;;u] r`rh; ç'u&i= vad6 200-lkekU; vè;;u] prqFkZ ç'u i= vad

vfuok;Z fo"k;ks ;Fkk lkekU; fgUnh] fucUèk rFkk lkekU; vè;;u&çFke ç'u i=] f}rh; ç'u i=] r`rh;ç'u – i= ,oa prqFkZ ç'u& i= ijEijkxr çdkj ds gksxsaA bu ç'u&i=ksa ds gy djus(Conventioal)

dh vofèk ?kUVs gksxhA blds vfrfjä oSdfYid fo"k; ds ç'u&i=ksa gsrq ?kUVs dk le; fuèkkZfjr gSaA3 3oSdfYid fo"k; dk çR;sd ç'u i= vadks dk gksxkA200uksV % ¼ ½ ?k.Vs okys ç'ui= dk ijh{kk le; iwokZUg - cts ls - cts rd rFkk vijkUg cts ls1 3 9 30 12 30 2lk;a cts rd gksxkA vH;FkÊ ls lkekU; fgUnh ds vfuok;Z ç'u&i= esa U;wure vad çkIr djus dh5vis{kk dh tk;sxh tks ;Fkk fLFkfr] 'kklu ;k vk;ksx }kjk voèkkfjr fd;s tk;saxsA oSdfYid fo"k; ds lHkhç'u&i=ksa esa [k.M gksaxsA çR;sd [k.M esa pkj&pkj ç'u gksaxsA vH;FkÊ dks dqy ik¡p ç'uksa ds mÙkj2fy[kus gksaxsA çR;sd [k.M ls de ls de nks&nks ç'u gy djuk vko';d gSA

3- O;fäRo ijh{kk@ekSf[kd ijh{kk ¼dqy vad 100½ % ;g ijh{kk vH;ÆFk;ksa dh lkekU; tkx:drk] cqf)]pfj=] vfHkO;fä dh {kerk] O;fäRo ,oa lsok ds fy, lkekU; mi;qärk dks –f"V esa j[krs gq;s lkekU;vfHk:fp ds fo"k;ksa ls lEcfUèkr gksxhA

ifjf'k"V&5lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu & cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½

ijh{kk rFkk lgk;d ou laj{kd@ {ks=h;ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk nksuksa ls lEcfU/kr izkjfEHkd ijh{kk gsrq ikB~;Øe

iz'ui=&1 lkekU; v/;;u&Ivof/k&nks ?k.Vs

vad & 200& jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRo dh lkef;d ?kVuk;sa& Hkkjr dk bfrgkl ,oa Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu& Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy& Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk HkkSfrd] lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd Hkwxksy& Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ,oa 'kklu& lafo/kku] jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] iapk;rh jkt] yksduhfr] vf/kdkfjd eqís¼jkbV~l b';wt½ vkfn& vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fodkl&lrr fodkl] xjhch] vUrfoZ"V tulkaf[;dh;] lkekftd {ks= dsbfuf'k;sfVo vkfn& i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh lEcU/kh lkekU; fo"k;] tSo fofo/krk ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu bl fo"k; esafo"k; fo'ks"kKrk dh vko';drk ugha gS& lkekU; foKku---------------------& jk"Vªh; o vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRo dh lelkef;djk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRo dh lkef;d ?kVuk;sa%?kVukvksa ij vH;fFkZ;ksa dks tkudkjh j[kuh gksxhA& bfrgkl ds vUrxZr Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds lkekftd]Hkkjr dk bfrgkl ,oa Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu%vkfFkZd ,oa jktuhfrd i{kksa dh O;kid tkudkjh ij fo'ks"k /;ku nsuk gksxkA Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkUnksyuij vH;fFkZ;ksa ls Lora=rk vkUnksyu dh izd`fr rFkk fo'ks"krk] jk"Vªokn dk vH;qn; rFkk Lora=rk izkfIr dsckjs esa lkekU; tkudkjh visf{kr gSA& Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk HkkSfrd] lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd Hkwxksy% fo'o Hkwxksy esaHkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy%fo"k; dh dsoy lkekU; tkudkjh dh ij[k gksxhA Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy ds vUrxZr ns'k ds HkkSfrd] lkekftd,oa vkfFkZd Hkwxksy ls lEcfU/kr iz'u gksaxsA& Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ,oa 'kklu&lafo/kku] jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] iapk;rh jkt] yksduhfr] vkf/kdkfjdizdj.k vkfn% Hkkjrh; jkT; O;oLFkk] vFkZO;oLFkk ,oa laLd`fr ds vUrxZr ns'k ds iapk;rh jkt rFkklkeqnkf;d fodkl lfgr jktuhfrd iz.kkyh ds Kku rFkk Hkkjr dh vkfFkZd uhfr ds O;kid y{k.kksa ,oaHkkjrh; laLd`fr dh tkudkjh ij iz'u gksaxsA& vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fodkl& lrr fodkl] xjhch vUrfoZ"V tulkaf[;dh;] lkekftd {ks= dsbfuf'k;sfVo vkfn% vH;fFkZ;ksa dh tkudkjh dk ijh{k.k tula[;k] i;kZoj.k rFkk uxjhdj.k dh leL;kvksarFkk muds lEcU/kksa ds ifjizs{; esa fd;k tk;sxkA& bl fo"k; esai;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh lEcU/kh lkekU; fo"k; tSo fofo/krk ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu%fo"k; fo'ks"kKrk dh vko';drk ugha gSA vH;fFkZ;ksa ls fo"k; dh lkekU; tkudkjh visf{kr gSA& lkekU; foKku ds iz'u nSfud vuqHko rFkk izs{k.k ls lEcfU/kr fo"k;ksa lfgr foKku dslkekU; foKku%lkekU; ifjcks/k ,oa tkudkjh ij vk/kkfjr gksaxs] ftldh fdlh Hkh lqf'kf{kr O;fDr ls vis{kk dh tkldrh gS] ftlus oSKkfud fo"k;ksa dk fo'ks"k v/;;u ugha fd;k gSAuksV% vH;fFkZ;ksa ls ;g visf{kr gksxk fd mÙkj izns'k ds fo'ks"k ifjizs{; esa mi;qZDr fo"k;ksa dk mUgsa lkekU;ifjp; gksA

iz'ui=&2

3- O;fäRo ijh{kk@ekSf[kd ijh{kk ¼dqy vad 100½ %

ifjf'k"V&5lfEefyr jkT;@izoj v/khuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu & cSdykWx@fo”ks’k p;u½

ijh{kk rFkk lgk;d ou laj{kd@ {ks=h;ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk nksuksa ls lEcfU/kr izkjfEHkd ijh{kk gsrq ikB~;Øe

iz'ui=&1 lkekU; v/;;u&Ivof/k&nks ?k.Vs

vad & 200

jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRo dh lkef;d ?kVuk;sa%

Hkkjr dk bfrgkl ,oa Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu%

Hkkjr ,oa fo'o dk Hkwxksy%

Hkkjrh; jktuhfr ,oa 'kklu&lafo/kku] jktuhfrd O;oLFkk] iapk;rh jkt] yksduhfr] vkf/kdkfjdizdj.k vkfn%

vkfFkZd ,oa lkekftd fodkl& lrr fodkl] xjhch vUrfoZ"V tulkaf[;dh;] lkekftd {ks= dsbfuf'k;sfVo vkfn%

i;kZoj.k ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh lEcU/kh lkekU; fo"k; tSo fofo/krk ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu%

lkekU; foKku%

uksV%

iz'ui=&2

lkekU; v/;;u&IIvof/k&nks ?k.Vs

vad & 200& dkfEizgsUlu ¼foLrkjhdj.k½& vUroSZ;fDrd {kerk ftlesa lEizs"k.k dkS'ky Hkh lekfgr gksxkA& rkfdZd ,oa fo'ys"k.kkRed ;ksX;rkA& fu.kZ; {kerk ,oa leL;k lek/kkuA& lkekU; ckSf)d ;ksX;rkA& izkjfEHkd xf.kr gkbZLdwy Lrj rd& vadxf.kr] chtxf.kr] js[kkxf.kr o lkaf[;dhA& lkekU; vaxzsth gkbZLdwy Lrj rdA& lkekU; fgUnh gkbZLdwy Lrj rdAizkjfEHkd xf.kr ¼gkbZLdwy Lrj rd½ ds ikB~;Øe esa lfEefyr fd;s tkus okys fo"k;1- vadxf.kr%¼1½ la[;k i)fr% izkd`frd] iw.kkZad] ifjes;&vifjes; ,oa okLrfod la[;k;sa] iw.kkZad la[;kvksa ds foHkktd,oa vfoHkkT; iw.kkZad la[;k;saA iw.kkZad la[;kvksa dk y?kqÙke lekioR;Z ,oa egÙke lekioR;Z rFkk muesalEcU/kA¼2½ vkSlr¼3½ vuqikr ,oa lekuqikr¼4½ izfr'kr¼5½ ykHk&gkfu¼6½ C;kt& lk/kkj.k ,oa pØo`f)¼7½ dke rFkk le;¼8½ pky] le; rFkk nwjh2- chtxf.kr¼1½ cgqin ds xq.ku[k.M] cgqinksa dk y?kqÙke lekioR;Z ,oa egÙke lekioR;Z ,oa muesa lEcU/k] 'ks"kQyizes;] ljy ;qxir lehdj.k] f}?kkr lehdj.k¼2½ leqPp; fl)kUr% leqPp;] mi leqPp;] mfpr mileqPp;] fjDr leqPp;] leqPp;ksa ds chplafØ;k;sa ¼la?k] izfrNsn] vUrj] lfefer vUrj½] csu&vkjs[k3- js[kkxf.kr%¼1½ f=Hkqt] vk;r] oxZ] leyEc prqHkZqt ,oa o`Ùk dh jpuk ,oa muds xq.k lEcU/kh izes; rFkk ifjeki ,oamuds {ks=Qy]¼2½ xksyk] ledks.kh; o`Ùkkdkj csyu] ledks.kh; o`Ùkkdkj 'kadq rFkk /ku ds vk;ru ,oa i`"B {ks=QyA4- lkaf[;dh% vkadM+ksa dk laxzg] vkadM+ksa dk oxhZdj.k] ckjEckjrk] ckjEckjrk caVu] lkj.kh;u] lap;hckjEckjrk] vkadM+ksa dk fu:i.k] n.MpkVZ] ikbZ pkVZ] vk;r fp=] ckjEckjrk cgqHkqt] lap;h ckjEckjrkoØ] dsUnzh; izo`fÙk dh eki& lekUrj ek/;] ekf/;dk ,oa cgqydA

General English Upto Class X Level

1. Comprehension

2. Active Voice and Passive Voice

3. Parts of Speech

4. Transformation of Sentences

5. Direct and Indirect Speech

6. Punctuation and Spellings

7. Words meanings

8. Vocabulary & Usage

9. Idioms and Phrases

10. Fill in the Blanks

lkekU; fgUnh ¼gkbZLdwy Lrj rd½ ds ikB~;Øe esa lfEEfyr fd;s tkus okys fo"k;¼1½ fgUnh o.kZekyk] fojke fpUg¼2½ 'kCn jpuk] okD; jpuk] vFkZ¼3½ 'kCn&:i¼4½ laf/k] lekl¼5½ fØ;k;sa¼6½ vusdkFkhZ 'kCn¼7½ foykse 'kCn¼8½ i;kZ;okph 'kCn¼9½ eqgkojs ,oa yksdksfDr;ka¼10½ rRle ,oa rn~Hko] ns'kt] fons'kh ¼'kCn HkaMkj½¼11½ orZuh¼12½ vFkZcks/k¼13½ fgUnh Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx esa gksus okyh v'kqf);k¡¼14½ m0iz0 dh eq[; cksfy;k¡

ifjf'k"V&6lfEefyr jkT;@ çoj vèkhuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdy‚x@fo'ks"k

p;u½ ijh{kk dh eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk gsrq funsZ'k rFkk ikB;Øe1- vk;ksx ços'k i= ds fcuk fdlh Hkh vH;FkÊ dks eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk esa lfEefyr gksus dh vuqefr ugÈnsaxsA fdlh Hkh vH;FkÊ ds ijh{kk esa ços'k gsrq vgZrk@ ik=rk ds lEcUèk esa vk;ksx dk fu.kZ; vafre gksxkA2- vH;ÆFk;ksa dks lpsr fd;k tkrk gS fd mÙkj iqfLrdk esa dsoy fuèkkZfjr LFkku ij gh viuk vuqØekadfy[ksa vU;Fkk n.MLo:i muds vadksa esa dVkSrh dh tk;sxhA vH;FkÊ mÙkj iqfLrdk esa dgÈ Hkh viuk uke ufy[ksa vU;Fkk mUgsa ijh{kk ds fy;s vugZ ?kksf"kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA 3- ;fn vH;FkÊ dh gLrfyfivLi"V@viBuh; gS rks mlds çkIrkadksa ds dqy ;ksx esa ls dVkSrh dh tk ldrh gSA 4-+ vH;FkÊ ç'u&i=ksads mÙkj vaxzsth jkseu fyfi esa vFkok fgUnh nsoukxjh fyfi esa vFkok mnwZ Qkjlh fyfi esa fy[k ldrs gSijUrq mUgsa Hkk"kk ds ç'u&i= dk mÙkj tc rd dh ç'u esa vU;Fkk fuÆn"V u gks vfuok;Z :i ls mlhHkk"kk esa fy[kuk gksxkA 5- ç'u&i= dsoy vaxzsth fyfi esa o fgUnh nsoukxjh fyfi esa gksaxsA 6- lkekU;vè;;u ,oa oSdfYid fo"k; ds ç'u&i=ksa dk ikBîØe vU;Fkk mfYyf[kr fooj.k ds vfrfjä] fdlhfoÜofo|ky; ls Lukrd fMxzhèkkjh vH;FkÊ ls visf{kr Lrj dk gksxkA

lkekU; fgUnh¼1½ fn;s gq, x| [k.M dk vocksèk ,oa ç'uksÙkjA ¼2½ la{ksi.kA ¼3½ ljdkjh ,oa vèkZljdkjh i= ys[ku] rkjys[ku] dk;kZy; vkns'k] vfèklwpuk] ifji= ¼4½ 'kCn Kku ,oa ç;ksx ¼v½ milxZ ,oa çR;; ç;ksx] ¼c½foykse 'kCn] ¼l½ okD;ka'k ds fy, ,d 'kCn ¼n½ orZuh ,oa okD; 'kqf) ¼5½ yksdksfä ,oa eqgkojsA

lkekU; v/;;u&IIvof/k&nks ?k.Vs

vad & 200

1- vadxf.kr%¼1½ la[;k i)fr%

¼2½¼3½¼4½¼5½¼6½¼7½¼8½2- chtxf.kr¼1½

¼2½

3- js[kkxf.kr%¼1½

¼2½4-

lkekU; fgUnh ¼gkbZLdwy Lrj rd½ ds ikB~;Øe esa lfEEfyr fd;s tkus okys fo"k;¼1½¼2½¼3½¼4½¼5½¼6½¼7½¼8½¼9½¼10½¼11½¼12½¼13½¼14½

ifjf'k"V&6lfEefyr jkT;@ çoj vèkhuLFk lsok ¼lkekU; p;u@fnO;kaxtu&cSdy‚x@fo'ks"k

p;u½ ijh{kk dh eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk gsrq funsZ'k rFkk ikB;Øe

lkekU; fgUnh

Cont...

lkekU; v/;;u&A1- Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds bfrgkl esa izkphu dky ls vk/kqfud dky rd ds dyk izk:i] lkfgR; ,oaokLrqdyk ds egRoiw.kZ igyw “kkfey gksaxsA2- vk/kqfud Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ¼1757 bZ0 ls 1947 bZ0 rd½& egRoiw.kZ ?kVuk,a] O;fDrRo ,oa leL;k,abR;kfnA3- Lora=rk laxzke& blds fofHkUu pj.k vkSj ns”k ds fofHkUu Hkkxksa ls blesa viuk ;ksxnku nsus okysegRoiw.kZ O;fDr@mudk ;ksxnkuA4- Lora=rk ds i”pkr~ ns”k ds vanj ,dhdj.k vkSj iquxZBu ¼1965 bZ0 rd½A5- fo”o ds bfrgkl esa 18 oha lnh ls chloha lnh ds e/; rd dh ?kVuk,a tSls Ýkalhlh ØkfUr 1789]vkS|ksfxd Økafr] fo”o ;q+)] jk’Vªh; lhekvksa dk iqu% lhekadu] mifuos”kokn] mifuos”kokn dh lekfIr]jktuhfrd n”kZu “kkL= tSls lkE;okn] iwWthokn] lektokn] ukthokn] Qklhokn bR;kfn ds :i vkSjlekt ij muds izHkko bR;kfn “kkfey gksaxsaaA6- Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj laLd`fr dh eq[; fo”ks’krk,aA7- efgykvksa dh lekt vkSj efgyk&laxBuksa esa Hkwfedk] tula[;k rFkk lEc) leL;k,a] xjhch vkSjfodklkRed fo’k;] “kgjhdj.k] mudh leL;k,a vkSj muds j{kksik;A8- mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k vkSj oS”ohdj.k dk vfHkizk; vkSj mudk Hkkjrh; lekt ds vFkZ O;oLFkk] jkT;O;oLFkk vkSj lekt lajpuk ij izHkkoA9- Lkkekftd l”kDrhdj.k] lkEiznkf;drk] {ks=okn vkSj /keZfujis{krkA10- fo”o ds izeq[k izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dk forj.k& ty]fefV~V;kW ,oa ou] nf{k.k ,oa nf{k.k iwoZ ,f”k;k esa¼Hkkjr ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ esa½A11- HkkSfrd Hkwxksy dh izeq[k fof”k’Vrk,a& Hkwdai] lqukeh] Tokykeq[kh fØ;k,Wa] pØokr] leqnzh ty /kkjk,a]iou ,oa fge lfjrk,aA12- Hkkjr ds lkeqfnzd lalk/ku ,oa mudh laHkkO;rkA13- Ekkuo izokl& fo”o dh “kj.kkFkhZ leL;k& Hkkjr& miegk}hi ds lanHkZ esaA14- lhekUr rFkk lheka,& Hkkjr mi& egk}hi ds lanHkZ esaA15- tula[;k ,oa vf/kokl& izdkj ,oa izfr:i] uxjhdj.k]LekVZ uxj ,oa LekVZ xzkeA16- mRrj izns”k dk fo”ks’k Kku&bfrgkl] laLd`fr] dyk] lkfgR;] okLrqdyk] R;ksgkj] yksd&u`R; lkfgR;]izknsf”kd Hkk’kk,a] /kjksgjsa] lkekftd jhfr&fjokt ,oa i;ZVuA17- m0iz0 dk fo”ks’k Kku& Hkwxksy&ekuo ,oa izzkd`frd lalk/ku] tyok;q] fefV~V;kWa] ou oU;&tho] [knkuvkSj [kfut] flapkbZ ds lzksrA

lkekU; v/;;u&AA1- Hkkjrh; lafo/kku& ,sfrgkfld vk/kkj] fodkl] fo”ks’krk,a] la”kks/ku] egRoiw.kZ izko/kku rFkk vk/kkjHkwrlajpukA lafo/kku ds vk/kkjHkwr izko/kkuksa ds fodkl esa mPpre U;k;ky; dh HkwfedkA2- la?k ,oa jkT;ksa ds dk;Z rFkk mRrjnkf;Ro] la?kh; <kaps ls lacaf/kr fo’k; ,oa pqukSfr;ka] LFkkuh; Lrj ij“kfDr;ksa vkSj foRr dk gLrkarj.k vkSj mldh pqukSfr;kaA3- dsUnz&jkT; foRRkh; lEcU/kksa esa foRr vk;ksx dh HkwfedkA4- “kfDr;ksa dk i`Fkd~dj.k] fookn fuokj.k ra= rFkk laLFkk,aA oSdfYid fookn fuokj.k ra=ks dk mn; ,oamudk iz;ksxA5- Hkkjrh; laoS/kkfud ;kstuk dh vU; izeq[k yksdrkaf=d ns”kksa ds lkFk rqyukA6- laln vkSj jkT; fo/kkf;dk& lajpuk] dk;Z] dk;Z&lapkyu] “kfDr;kW ,oa fo”ks’kkf/kdkj rFkk lacaf/krfo’k;A7- dk;Zikfydk vkSj U;k;ikfydk dh lajpuk] laxBu vkSj dk;Z& ljdkj ds ea=ky; ,oa foHkkx] izHkkodlewg vkSj vkSipkfjd@vukSipkfjd la?k rFkk “kklu iz.kkyh esa mudh HkwfedkA tufgr okn¼ih0vkbZ0,y0½A8- tu izfrfuf/kRo vf/kfu;e dh eq[; fo”ks’krk,aA9- fofHkUu laoS/kkfud inksa ij fu;qfDr] “kfDr;kW] dk;Z rFkk muds mRrjnkf;RoA10- lkafof/kd] fofu;ked vkSj fofHkUu v/kZ&U;kf;d fudk;] uhfr vk;ksx lesr& mudh fo”ks’krk,a ,oadk;ZHkkxA11- ljdkjh uhfr;ksa vkSj fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa fodkl ds fy, gLr{ksi] muds vfHkdYiu rFkk dk;kZUo;u dsdkj.k mRiUu fo’k; ,oa lwpuk lapkj izkS|ksfxdh ¼vkbZ0lh0Vh0½A12- fodkl izfØ;k,a&xSj ljdkjh lxaBuksa dh Hkwfedk] Lo;a lgk;rk lewg] fofHkUu lewg ,oa la?k]vfHknkrk] lgk;rkFkZ laLFkk,a] laLFkkxr ,oa vU; va”k/kkjdA13- dsUnz ,oa jkT;ksa }kjk tula[;k ds vfr laosnu”khy oxksZ ds fy, dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk,a vkSj bu;kstukvksa dk dk;Z& fu’iknu] bu vfr laosnu”khy oxksZ dh j{kk ,oa csgrjh ds fy, xfBr ra=] fof/k]laLFkku ,oa fudk;A14- LokLF;] f”k{kk] ekuo lalk/kuksa ls lacaf/kr lkekftd {ks=@lsokvksa ds fodkl ,oa izca/ku ls lacf/krfo’k;A15- xjhch vkSj Hkw[k ls lacaf/kr fo’k; ,oa jktuSfrd O;oLFkk ds fy, budk fufgrkFkZA16- “kklu O;oLFkk] ikjnf”kZrk vkSj tokcnsgh ds egRoiw.kZ i{k] bZ&xousZl&vuqiz;ksx] ekWMy] lQyrk,a]lhek,a vkSj laHkkouk,a] ukxfjd pkVZj] ikjnf”kZrk ,oa tokcnsgh vkSj laLFkkxr o vU; mik;A17- yksdra= esa mHkjrh gqbZ izo`fRr;ksa ds lanHkZ esa flfoy lsokvksa dh HkwfedkA18- Hkkjr ,oa vius iM+kslh ns”kksa ls mlds laca/kA19- f}i{kh;] {ks=h; vkSj oSf”od lewg vkSj Hkkjr ls lacaf/kr vkSj@vFkok Hkkjr ds fgrksa dks izHkkfor djusokys djkjA20- Hkkjr ds fgrksa ,oa vizoklh Hkkjrh;ksa ij fodflr rFkk fodkl”khy ns”kksa dh uhfr;ksa rFkk jktuhfr dkizHkkoA21- egRoiw.kZ varjkZ’Vªh; laLFkku] laLFkk,a vkSj eap& mudh lajpuk] vf/kns”k rFkk mudk dk;Z HkkxA22- m0iz0 ds jktuSfrd] iz”kklfud] jktLo ,oa U;kf;d O;oLFkkvksa dh fof”k’V tkudkjhA23- {ks=h;] izkUrh;] jk’Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ’Vªh; egRo ds lelkef;d ?kVukØeA

lkekU; v/;;u&AAA1- Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fu;kstu] mn~ns”; ,oa miyfC/k;kW] uhfr ¼,u0vkbZ0Vh0vkbZ0½ vk;ksx dh Hkwfedk]

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lkekU; v/;;u&AAA1-

2- xjhch ds eqn~ns] csjkstxkjh] lkekftd U;k; ,oa lekos”kh lao`f)A3- ljdkj ds ctV ds vo;o rFkk foRrh; iz.kkyhA4- izeq[k Qlysa] fofHkUu izdkj dh flapkbZ fof/k ,oa flapkbZ iz.kkyh] d`f’k mRikn dk HkaMkj.k] <qykbZ ,oafoi.ku] fdlkuksa dh lgk;rk gsrq bZ&rduhdhA5- vizR;{k ,oa izR;{k d`f’k lgk;dh rFkk U;wure leFkZu ewY; ls tqM+s eqn~ns] lkoZtfud forj.kiz.kkyh&mn~ns';] fØ;kUo;u] ifjlhek,a] lqn`<+hdj.k [kkn~; lqj{kk ,oa cQj Hk.Mkj] d`f’k lEcfU/krrduhdh vfHk;ku VsDukykth fe”kuA6- Hkkjr esa [kkn~; izlaLdj.k o lacaf/kr m|ksx&dk;Z{ks= ,oa egRo] LFkku fu/kkZj.k] m/oZ o v/kksizokgvko”;drk,a] vkiwfrZ J`[kayk izca/kuA7- Hkkjr esa Lora=rk ds i”pkr~ Hkwfe lq/kkjA8- Hkkjr essa oS”ohdj.k rFkk mnkjhdj.k ds izHkko] vkS|ksfxd uhfr esa ifjorZu rFkk buds vkS|ksfxd lao`f)ij izHkkoA9- vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk% ÅtkZ] canjxkg] lM+d] foekuiRru rFkk jsyos vkfnA10- foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh&fodkl ,oa vuqiz;ksx ¼nSfud thou ,oa jk’Vªh; lqj{kk esa] Hkkjr dh foKku ,oaizkS|ksfxdh uhfr½A11- foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh esa Hkkjrh;ksa dh miyfC/k;ka] izkS|ksfxdh dk ns”kthdj.kA uohu izkS|ksfxfd;ksa dkfodkl] izkS|ksfxdh dk gLrkUrj.k] f}vuqiz;ksxh ,oa ØkfUrd vuqiz;ksx izkS|ksfxfd;kWaA12- lwpuk ,oa lapkj izkS|ksfxdh] varfj{k izkS|ksfxdh] daEI;wVj] ÅTkkZ L=ksrksa] uSuks izkS|ksfxdh] lw{e thofoKku] tSo izkS|ksfxdh {ks= esa tkx:drkA ckSf)d lEink vf/kdkjksa ,oa fMftVy vf/kdkjksa ls lEcfU/kreqn~nsA13- i;kZoj.kh; lqj{kk ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh ra=] oU; thou laj{k.k] tSo fofo/krk] i;kZoj.kh; iznw’k.k ,oa{kj.k] i;kZoj.kh; la?kkr vkadyuA14- vkink% xSj&ikjEifjd lqj{kk ,oa laj{kk dh pqukSrh ds :i esa] vkink mi”keu ,oa izcU/kuA15- vUrjkZ’Vªh; lqj{kk dh pqukSfr;Wk%a vk.kqfod izlkj ds eqn~ns] vfrokn ds dkj.k rFkk izlkj] lapkj rU=]ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk rFkk lkekftd rU=h;rk] lkbcj lqj{kk ds vk/kkj] euh ykmUMfjax rFkk ekuorLdjhA16- Hkkjr dh vkUrfjd lqj{kk dh pqukSfr;ka% vkradokn] Hkz’Vkpkj] izfrfonzksg rFkk laxfBr vijk/kA17- lqj{kk cyksa dh Hkwfedk] izdkj rFkk “kklukf/kdkj] Hkkjr dk mPp j{kk laxBuA18- mRrj izns”k ds vkfFkZd ifjn`’; dk fof”k’V Kku%& mRrj izns”k dh vFkZ O;oLFkk dk lkekU; fooj.k]jkT; ds ctVA d`f’k] m|ksx] vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk ,oa HkkSfrd lalk/kuksa dk egRoA ekuo lalk/ku ,oa dkS”kyfodkl] ljdkj ds dk;ZØe ,oa dY;k.kdkjh ;kstuk,aA19- d`f’k] ckxokuh] okfudh ,oa i'kqikyu ds eqn~nsA20- mRrj izns”k ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ esa dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk vkSj ukxfjd lqj{kkA

lkekU; v/;;u& IV

� lEcU/k] ekuoh; fØ;kdykiksa esa uhfr”kkL= dk lkjrRo] blds fu/kkZjduhfr”kkL= rFkk ekuoh; vUr%vkSj ifj.kke % uhfr”kkL= ds vk;ke] futh vkSj lkoZtfud laca/kksa esa uhfr”kkL=Aekuoh; ewY;&egku usrkvksa] lq/kkjdksa vkSj iz”kkldksa ds thou rFkk muds mins”kksa ls f”k{kk] ewY; fodflrdjus esa ifjokj] lekt vkSj “kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa dh HkwfedkA� varZoLrq ¼daVsUV½] lajpuk] dk;Z] fopkj rFkk vkpj.k ds ifjizs{; esa bldk izHkko ,oa laca/k]vfHko`fRr%uSfrd vkSj jktuhfrd vfHk:fp] lkekftd izHkko vkSj lgefr iSnk djukA� flfoy lsok ds fy, vfHk:fp rFkk cqfu;knh ewY;] lR;fu’Bk] fu’i{krk rFkk xSj& rjQnkjh]oLrqfu’Brk] lkoZtfud lsok ds izfr leiZ.k Hkko] detksj oxksZa ds izfr lgkuqHkwfr] lfg’.kqrk rFkk d:.kkA� vo/kkj.kk,a rFkk vk;ke] iz”kklu vkSj “kklu O;oLFkk esa mudh mi;ksfxrk vkSj iz;ksxAlaosxkRed cqf)%� Hkkjr rFkk fo”o ds uSfrd fopkjdksa rFkk nk”kZfudksa dk ;ksxnkuA� fLFkfr rFkk leL;k,a] ljdkjh rFkk futhyksd iz”kkluksa esa yksd@flfoy lsok ewY; rFkk uhfr”kkL= %laLFkkuksa esa uSfrd ljksdkj rFkk nqfo/kk,a] uSfrd ekxZn”kZu ds L=ksrksa ds :i esa fof/k] fu;e] fu;eu rFkkvarjkZRek] tokcnsgh rFkk uSfrd “kklu O;oLFkk esa uSfrd ewY;ksa dk lqn`<+hdj.k] varjkZ’Vªh; laca/kksa rFkkfuf/k O;oLFkk ¼QafMx½ esa uSfrd eqn~ns] dkjiksjsV “kklu O;oLFkkA� yksd lsok dh vo/kkj.kk] “kklu O;oLFkk vkSj bZekunkjh dk nk”kZfud“kklu O;oLFkk esa bZekunkjh%vk/kkj] ljdkj esa lwpuk dk vknku&iznku vkSj ikjnf”kZrk] lwpuk dk vf/kdkj] uhfrijd vkpkj lafgrk]vkpj.k lafgrk] ukxfjd ?kks’k.kk i=] dk;Z laLd`fr] lsok iznku djus dh xq.koRrk] yksd&fuf/k dkmi;ksx] Hkz’Vkpkj dh pqukSfr;kaA� mi;qZDr fo’k;ksa ij ekeyk laca/kh v/;;u ¼dsl LVMh½A

¼1½ d`f"k iz”ui= & izFke¼[k.M&v½

ikfjfLFkfrdh; foKku vkSj mldh izklafxdrkA izkd`frd lalk/ku ,oa mldk laj{k.k izcU/kuA Qlyksa dsmRiknu rFkk forj.k esa okrkoj.kh; dkjdA Qlyksa dh o`f) ij tyok;qoh; rRoksa dk izHkkoA 'kL;Øeij Ik;kZoj.kh; ifjorZu dk izHkkoA iznwf"kr i;kZoj.k rFkk mlls lEcfU/kr ck/kkvksa dk ekuo] i'kq rFkkQly ij izHkkoAmRRkj izns'k ds fofHkUu d`f’k tyok;q {ks= esa 'kL;Øe iz.kkyh vf/kd mRiknu rFkk vYidkyhuiztkfr;ksa dk 'kL;Øe iz.kkyh esa cnykoA cgq'kL;u] cgqeaftyh fjys rFkk varjk'kL; dhvo/kkj.kh; ,oa lexfr'khy [kk| mRiknu ls lEcfU/kr egRoA izns'k ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa [kjhQ rFkkjch ekSleksa esa mRikfnr eq[; vukt] nygu] frygu] js'kk] 'koZgjk rFkk uxnh Qlyksa ds mRiknugsrq laLrqr fof/k;kWaAokfudh dk egRo ,oa fo'ks"krk,aA lkekftd okfudh rFkk d`f"k okfudh ds lUnHkZ esa fofHkUu izdkj dsokfudh ikS/kksa dk izo/kZuA [kjirokj mudh fo'ks’krk;sa rFkk fofHkUu Qlyksa ds lkFk mudk lg;ksx oxq.kuA [kjirokj dk lao/kZu] tSfod rFkk jklk;fud fu;aU=.kA e`nk fuekZ.k dh fof/k;ka rFkk dkjd]Hkkjrh; e`nkvksa dk oxhZdj.k] vk/kqfud ladYiukvksa lfgrA e`nkvksa ds [kfut yo.k rFkk dkcZfudla?kVd rFkk e`nk mRikndrk cuk;s j[kus es a mudh HkwfedkA leL;kRed e`nk,a Hkkjr es a mudkfoLrkj ,oa lq/kkjA e`nk rFkk ikS/kk s a es a vko';d iks'kd rRoks a ikni rRoks a o vU; ykHkdkjh rRoks adh izkfIr rFkk muds forj.k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] mudh fØ;k,a rFkk pØ.kAukbVªk stu dk lgthoh rFkk vlgthoh fLFkjhdj.kA moZjdrk ds fl)kUr] ewY;kadu rFkkfoosdiw.kZ moZjd iz;ksxA ty lEHkj ds vk/kkj ij e`nk laj{k.k izcU/kuA igkM+h] in igkM+hrFkk ?kkfV;ks a es vijnu o viokg dk izcU/k rFkk budks izHkkfor djus okyh fØ;k,a rFkkdkjdA “kq’d Hkwfe d`f’k rFkk mlls lEcfU/kr leL;k,aA o’kkZ/khu d`f’k {ks=ksa esa d`f’k mRiknu esafLFkjrk ykus dh rduhdA tSfod [ksrh dh vko”;drk rFkk voljA

¼[k.M&c½“kL; mRiknu ls lEcfU/kr ty mi;ksx {kerkA flpkbZ Øe ds vk/kkjHkwr ekud flapkbZ ty ds cknviokg dks de djus dh fof/k;ka] tykØkar Hkwfe ls ty fudklA d`f’k {ks= izcU/ku dk fu;kstu o ys[kk esaegRo o y{k.k rFkk mldk {ks=] d`f’k fuos”kksa rFkk mitksa dk foi.ku vkSj ewY;ksa dk mrkj p<+ko ,oa mudhykxr O;;A lgdkfjrk dk d`f’k vFkZO;oLFkk esa egRo] fofHkUu izdkj dh d`f’k iz.kkfy;kas rFkk mudhfdLeksa rFkk mudks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdA d`f’k foLrkj egRo rFkk Hkwfedk] d`f’k foLrkj dk;ZØeksa dkewY;kadu] folj.k lapkj o ubZ rduhdksa dk vuqlj.kA d`f’k ;a=hdj.k rFkk d`f’k mRiknu o xzkeh.kjkstxkj esa mudh HkwfedkA izlkj dk;ZdrkZvksa o fdlkuksa ds fy, izf”k{k.k dk;ZØeA izlkj fof/k;ka rFkkdk;ZØe izf”k{k.k ,oa Hkze.k] d`f’k foKku dsUnz] d`f’k Kku dsUnz ,u-,-Vh-ih-o- vkbZ oh-,y-ih-A

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lkekU; v/;;u& IV

uhfr”kkL= rFkk ekuoh; vUr%

vfHko`fRr%

laosxkRed cqf)%

yksd iz”kkluksa esa yksd@flfoy lsok ewY; rFkk uhfr”kkL= %

“kklu O;oLFkk esa bZekunkjh%

¼1½ d`f"k iz”ui= & izFke¼[k.M&v½

¼[k.M&c½

Cont...

d`f’k iz”u i= & AA¼[k.M&v½

vkuqokaf'kdrk vkSj fofHkUurk] esaMy dk vkuqokaf”kdrk fu;e] Øksekslkse vkuqokaf”kdrk fl)kUr]dksf”kdknzO;h oa”kkxfrA fyax lgyXu] fyax izHkkfor rFkk fyax lhfer xq.kA Lor% vkSj izsfjr mRifjorZuAmRifjorZu esa jlk;uksa dk egRoA Qlyksa dk mn~xe rFkk ?kjsywdj.kA [ksrksa es mxk;h tkus okyh izeq[kikni tkfr;ksa ls lacaf/kr tkfr;ksa dh vkdkfjdh rFkk fofHkUurk ds Lo:iA Qly ds lq/kkj ds dkjd vkSjbuesa fofHkUurk dk mi;ksxAizeq[k Qlyksa ds lq/kkj esa ikni&iztuu fl)kUrksa dk mi;ksxA Loijkx.k vkSj ijijkx.k okyh Qlyksa dhtuu fof/k;kaA iqu% LFkkiu] p;u] ladj.k] uj oU/krk rFkk Lo;a vlaxfrA iztuu esa mRifjorZu rFkkcgqxqf.krrk dk mi;ksxA cht izkS|ksfxdh rFkk mldk egRoA chtksa dk mRiknu] lalk/ku] Hk.Mkj.k rFkkijh{k.kA jk’Vªh; o jkT; dh cht fuxeksa dh cht mRiknu esa HkwfedkA mUur fdLeksa ds chtksa dk lalk/ku ofoi.kuA'kjhj fØ;k foKku dk d`f’k foKku esa egRoA izksVksIykTe ds jlk;fud o HkkSfrd xq.k] fu’ks/k] i`’Bryruko]izlkj vkSj vlelA ty dk vo”kks’k.k rFkk LFkkukUrj.k] ok’iksRltZu vkSj ty dh ferO;f;rkA

¼[k.M&c½izfØ.o ¼bUtkbZe½ vkSj ikni jatdA izdk”k la”ys’k.k dh vk/kqfud ladYiuk,¡ rFkk bu fØ;kvksa dksizHkkfor djus okys dkjdA ok;oh; o vok;oh; “oluA o`f) o fodkl] nhi dkfyrk vkSj clUrhdj.kAikni fu;kedksa dh dk;Zfof/k rFkk d`f’k mRiknu esa egRoA izeq[k Qy] lfCt;ksa rFkk “kksHkkdkjh Qlyksa dhvisf{kr tyok;q rFkk budh [ksrh dh la>s’Vu izFkk] lewg vkSj bldk oSKkfud vk/kkjA Qy o lCthrksM+us ds igys o ckn dh laHkky o lalk/kuA lCth o Qyksa ds ifjj{k.k dh fof/k;kaA ifjj{k.k rduhdhrFkk midj.kA Hkwn`’; o iq’ih; ikS/kksa] blds lkFk “kksHkkdkjh ikS/kks a dh [ksrhA m|ku ,oa blds Hkkx]m|ku dh vfHkdYiuk vkSj jpukA izns”k ds Qy] lCth o “kksHkkdkjh ikS/kks a dh chekfj;ka vkSj dhVrFkk buds fu;a=.k djus dh fof/k;kaA ,dhd`r dhV o jksx izcU/kuA dhVuk”kh nokvksa dh lajpuk]Qly lqj{kk ds ;a= rFkk mudh ns[k&js[kA vukt vkSj nygu ds Hk.Mkj esa uk”kd dhV] HkaMkjxksnkeksa dh LoPNrk rFkk muds lEcU/k esa lko/kkuh vkSj vuqj{k.kA Hkkjr esa [kk| mRiknu vkSjmi;ksx dh izo`fRr;kaA jk’Vªh; o vUrjkZ’Vªh; [kk| uhfr;kaA leFkZu ewY; ij vuktksa dh [kjhnnkjh] forj.klaj{k.k o mRiknu dh leL;k,aA

¼2½ izkf.k foKku¼iz'u i=&1½

¼vdkMsZVk] dkMsZVk] ikfjfLFkfrdh] O;ogkfjdh tSo lakf[;dh vkSj vkfFkZd izkf.k foKku½[k.M&v vdkMsZVk vkSj dkMsZVk

1- tho fofo/krk% 2- izksVkstksvk%fuEufyf[kr Qkbye ds lkekU; losZ{k.k] oxhZdj.k vkSj ijLij lEcU/kpyu] iks"k.k] tuu ekuo] ijthoh &izksVkstksvk ,oa jksx uky ra=] dadky rFkk tuu]3-iksfjQsjk& 4-ukbMsfj;k% 5- IysVhgsfYeUFkht%cgq:irk] izoky fHkfRr;ka] esVktsusfllA ijthoh vuqdwyu rFkk ijiks"kh&ijthoh lEcU/kA ikWyhdhVk esa vuqdwyh fofdj.kA ØLVsf'k;k esa ykokZ& izk:i6- ,susfyMk% 7- vkFkksZiksMk%rFkk ijthfork ] >haxk ds mikax] vkFkksZiksMk esa n`f"V vkSj 'olu] dhVksa esa lkekftd thou rFkkdk;kUrj.kA 'olu] eqDRkk fuekZ.kA lkekU; laxBu] ykokZ&izk:i rFkk8- eksyLdk% 9- bdkbuksMesZVk%ca/kqrkA mRifRr] prq"iknksa dh mRifRrA 'olu] izokl] Qq¶Qql ehuA10- dkMsZVk% 11- filht% 12-,sfEQfc;k% 13- jsIVhfy;k% 14-fpjfMEHkrk rFkk 'kkodhtuu] iSr`r ns[kHkkyA djksfV&izk:i] MkbukslkWjA,soht% 15- eSesfy;k%ok;oh; vuqdwyu] 'olu] izokl] mM~M;u&foghu i{khA nUr &foU;kl] izksVksFkhfj;krFkk esVkfFkfj;k] ;wFkhfj;k ds peZ O;qRiUUkA

¼[k.M&c ikfjfLFkfrdh] O;ogkfjdh] tSo lakf[;dh rFkk vkfFkZd izkf.k foKku½1- ikfjfLFkfrdh % vtSo rFkk tSo dkjd] varjktkrh; rFkk vakrjtkrh; lEca/k] ifjfLFkfrdh; vuqØe]thokse ds fofHkUu izdkj] thoHkwjlk;u pØ] [kk| tky] vkstksu irZ rFkk tho eaMy] ok;q] ty rFkk Fkydk iznw’k.kA izkf.k O;ogkj ds izdkj] O;ogkj esa gkeksZu RkFkk Qhjkseksu dh Hkwfedk] izkf.k2-O;ogkfjdh%O;ogkj ds v/;;u dh fof/k;ka] tSfod y;A izfrp;u fof/k;ka] ckjackjrk&caVu rFkk3- tSo lakf[;dh %dsUnzh; izo`fRr ds eki] ekud fopyu rFkk ekud =qfV] lglEcU/k rFkk lekJ;.k] dkbZ&oxZ rFkk Vh&ijh{k.kA Qlyksa ¼/kku] puk vkSj xUuk½ vkSj laxzfgr vuktksa ds dhV ihM+d] ekSu4- vkfFkZd izkf.k foKku%ikyu] js'kedhV ikyu] yk[k dhV ikyu] eRL; ikyu vkSj lhi ikyuA

izkf.kfoKku¼iz'ui=&AA½

¼dksf'kdk tSfodh] vkuqoaf'kdh] fodkl] oxhZdj.k foKku] tSojlk;u] dkf;Zdh rFkk ifjo/kZu tSfodh½¼[k.M&v½

¼dksf'kdk TkSfodh] vkuqoaf'kdh] fodkl vkSj oxhZdj.k foKku½]1- dksf'kdk tSfodh& izkddsUnzhdh rFkk lqdsUnzdh dksf'kdk;sa] lqdsUnzdh dksf'kdkvksa dh bYdsVªku ekbZØksaLdksfid lajpuk] dksf'kdk f>Yyh& lajpuk] dk;Z RkFkk vfHkxeu fØ;kfof/k;ka] dksf'kdk vaxd& lajpukrFkk dk;Z] dksf'kdk dadky] dksf'kdk pØ dksf'kdk foHkktu& lelw=.k rFkk v/kZlw=.k] rdqZ& fuekZ.k rFkkxq.klw= xfrA2- vkuqoaf'kdh % oa'kkxfr dh esaMy ds fu;e] lqdsUnzdh xq.klw=ksa dh lajpuk] egk xq.klw= rFkk ySEicqz'kxq.klw=] lgyXurk] thu ladYiuk] thu ekufp=.k] fyax xq.klw= rFkk fyax fu/kkZj.k] fyax lgyXufo'ks"kd] thu vU;ksU;fØ;k ¼lgizHkkfork] cgq ,yhy ?kkrd thu] izcy thu] vcy thu rFkk vusd thohoa'kkxfr½ fofHkUurk& izdkj rFkk lzksr] xq.klw=h rFkk thuh mRifjorZu] ekuo ds vkuqoaf'kd jksx ¼nk=dksf'kdk vjDrrk] Mkmu] VuZj rFkk DykbuQsYVj ds lay{k.k½] izkddsfUnzfd;ksa rFkk lqdsUnzfd;ksa esa thufu;eu rFkk vfHkO;fDRk] iqu;ksZxt Mh ,u , izkSn~;ksfXkdh &ewy fl)kUr ] midj.k] laokgd rFkk mi;ksx]ikjthuh izkf.kA3- fodkl thouksRifRr& fl)kUr rFkk izk;ksfxd lk{;] fodkl& fl)kUr] izkd`frd oj.k] fofHkUurk ],yhy ckjEckjrk x.ku ¼gkMhZ&okbuoxZ iz.kkyh½] tkfr rFkk mitkfr dh ladYiuk] tkfr mn~Hkou dhfØ;kfof/k] }hih; tkfr] xksidrk& flagkoyksdu rFkk fofHkUu izdkj A4- oxhZdj.k foKku& ofxZdh ds fl)kUr] izkf.kukei)fr] thok'e] HkwoSKkfud egkdYi] v'o rFkk gkFkhdh tkfro`Rr] ekuo dh mRifRr ,oa fodkl] tUrqvksa dk egk}hih; forj.k] fo'o ds izkf.k &HkkSxkSfydifje.My rFkk mudh vfHky{kf.kd izkf.ktkrA

¼[k.M&c½tSojlk;u] dkf;Zdh rFkk ifjo/kZu tSfodh

1- tSojlk;u% dkcksZgkbMsªV% izksVhu] olk RkFkk U;wDyhd vEyksa dh lajpuk] oxhZdj.k rFkk tSfod dk;Z] Mh,u , dk okVlu& fØd izfr:i] vkuqoaf'kdh dwV] izksVhu& tSo la'ys"k.k] tSfod vkDlhdj.k]mPp&ÅtkZ ;ksfxd] bysDVªkWu vfHkxeu J`[kayk] vkDlhdj.kh QkLQksjhys'ku] Xykbdksfyfll] Vh lh ,@dzsCl pØ] ,Utkbe& ukei)fr] oxhZdj.k] ,Utkbe lfØ;rk izHkkou dkjd rFkk fØ;k dh fØ;kfof/k]foVkfeu&vkgkjh; lzksr tSojklk;fud dk;Z] vYirk y{k.k] vfrfoVkfeurk ,] lgt rFkk mikftZrizfrj{kk] izfrj{kk dksf'kdk;sa] bequksXykscqfyu] lkbVksdkbu ¼bUVjY;wfdu½A2- dkf;Zdh ¼Lrfu;ksa ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa½% leLFkkiu] [kqyk rFkk cUn ifjlapj.k ra=] raf=dktu rFkkis'khtud gn;] jDRk&lajpuk] dk;Z] Ldanu rFkk jDRk lewg] vkDlhtu rFkk dkcZuMkbZvkDlkbMvfHkxeu] g`n&pØ] g`n; xfr dk ra=dh; rFkk gkeksZuh fu;eus] 'olu dh fØ;kfof/k rFkk mldkfu;eu] ew=&fuekZ.k] o`Dd ds leLFkSfrd dk;Z] rkivuqlkjd rFkk rkifu;ked izkf.k;ksa esa rkifu;eu]raf=dk vkosx& raf=dk{kh; rFkk varxzZFkuh izs"k.k] raf=isz"kh] dkcksZgkbMsªV] izksVhu] olk rFkk U;wDyhd veyksadk ikpu rFkk vo'kks"k.k] ikpd jlksa ds lzko dk fu;a=.k] is'kh&izdkj] lajpuk rFkk ladqpu &fØ;kfof/k]ekuo us= rFkk d.kZ dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Z] izdk'kxzg.k] Jo.k rFkk larqyu dh fØ;kfof/k] gkeksZu& varlzkoh]ijklzkoh rFkk Lolzkoh] gkeksZu ds izdkj% gkeksZu fØ;k dh fØ;kfof/k] gkeksZu xzkgh ds izdkj] v/k'psrd]

d`f’k iz”u i= & AA¼[k.M&v½

¼[k.M&c½

¼2½ izkf.k foKku¼iz'u i=&1½

¼vdkMsZVk] dkMsZVk] ikfjfLFkfrdh] O;ogkfjdh tSo lakf[;dh vkSj vkfFkZd izkf.k foKku½[k.M&v vdkMsZVk vkSj dkMsZVk

1- tho fofo/krk% 2- izksVkstksvk%3-iksfjQsjk& 4-

ukbMsfj;k% 5- IysVhgsfYeUFkht%6- ,susfyMk% 7- vkFkksZiksMk%

8- eksyLdk% 9- bdkbuksMesZVk%10- dkMsZVk% 11- filht% 12-

,sfEQfc;k% 13- jsIVhfy;k% 14-,soht% 15- eSesfy;k%

¼[k.M&c ikfjfLFkfrdh] O;ogkfjdh] tSo lakf[;dh rFkk vkfFkZd izkf.k foKku½1- ikfjfLFkfrdh %

2-O;ogkfjdh%3- tSo lakf[;dh %

4- vkfFkZd izkf.k foKku%

izkf.kfoKku¼iz'ui=&AA½

¼dksf'kdk tSfodh] vkuqoaf'kdh] fodkl] oxhZdj.k foKku] tSojlk;u] dkf;Zdh rFkk ifjo/kZu tSfodh½¼[k.M&v½

¼dksf'kdk TkSfodh] vkuqoaf'kdh] fodkl vkSj oxhZdj.k foKku½]1- dksf'kdk tSfodh&

2- vkuqoaf'kdh %

3- fodkl thouksRifRr&

4- oxhZdj.k foKku&

¼[k.M&c½tSojlk;u] dkf;Zdh rFkk ifjo/kZu tSfodh

1- tSojlk;u% dkcksZgkbMsªV%

2- dkf;Zdh ¼Lrfu;ksa ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa½%

ih;w"k] voVq] ijkoVq] vXU;k'k;] tun rFkk fifu;y xzfUFk;ksa ds gkeksZu dh HkwfedkA vkrZo pØ dk fu;eu]jtksn'kZu rFkk jtksfuo`fRrA3-ifjo/kZu tSfodh& czsfd;ksaLVksek] es<d rFkk dqDdqV esa ;qXedtuu] fu"kspu] fonyu rFkk xSLVqzyu¼danqdu½] vaM ds izdkj] es<d rFkk dqDdqV ds xSLVqzyk ds fu;fr ekufp=] es<d rFkk dhVksa esa dk;karj.krFkk mldk gkeksZuh fu;a=.k] dqDdqV esa Hkwz.k ckº; dykvksa dk fuekZ.k] Lruh esa vijk &izdkj] laxBdifj?kVuk] efLr"d] us= rFkk g`n; dk vaxfodkl] iqutZuu] ifjo/kZu dk vkuqoaf'kd fu;a=.kA

¼3½ jlk;u foKku& izFke iz'u i=ijek.kq lajpuk% n & czkXyh lehdj.k] gksbtsucxZ dk vfu'prrk dk fl)kUr] Dok.Ve ;kakf=dh;vkWijsVj rFkk JkWfMtj rjax lehdj.k] rjax Qyu dk HkkSfrd egRo rFkk bldh fo'ks"krk,a ¼lkekU;hd`rykWfEcd½ vjh; forj.k rFkk ,oa d{kdksa dh vkd`fr;ka ,d foeh; ckDl esa d.k] bysDVªkfud]s, p, d

ÅtkZvksa dk Dok.Vhdj.k ¼gkbMªkstu ijek.kq dk xq.kkRed v/;;u ikmyh dk viotZu fLk)kUr]vf/kdre pØ.k dh cgqyrk dk gq.M fu;e] vkQckÅ fl)kUr] ijek.kqvksa dk bysDVªkfUkd foU;kl]ijkykjsf'k;e rRoksa dks lfEefyr djrs gq, vkorZ rkfydk dh nh?kZ iz.kkyhA rRoksa ds xq.kksa esa vkorZrk tSlsfd ijek.kq ,oa vk;fud f=T;k,a] vk;uu foHko] bysDVªkUk ca/kqrk rFkk ty;kstu ÅtkZAukfHkdh; ,oa fofdj.k jlk;u% ukfHkdh; cy] ukfHkdh; LFkkf;Ro vuqikr] ukfHkdh; ca/ku mtkZA rRoksan/p

dk d`f=e rRokUrj.k rFkk ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k;sa] ukfHkd fo[k.MUk rFkk laxyu] jsfM;ks,fDVork dh cyxfrdh] jsfM;ksa ,fDVo leLFkkfud rFkk mudh mi;ksfxrk,] jsfM;ks dkcZu dky fu/kkZj.k] fofdj.k jlk;udh izkjfEHkd tkudkjhAjklk;fud vkca/ku% la;kstdrk vkcU/k fl)kUr ¼gkbVyj yanu rFkk ikmfyax &LysVj ds fl)kUr½ladj.k] oh-,l-bZ- ih vkj fl)kUr] lekax rFkk fo"keakx f}ijek.kqd v.kqvksa dh vkf.od d{kd ÅtkZ Lrjvkjs[k] vkca/k Øe] vkca/k nS/;Z] ,oa vkca/k lkeF;Z flXek rFkk ikbZ vkca/k] gkbMªkstu vkca/k] vk;fud vkca/kdh fo”ks’krk,a] rFkk [k.M ds rRoksa dk jlk;u rFkk [k.M ds rRoksa dk lkekU; xq.k% rRoksa dhS P S P

jlk;fud lfØ;rk rFkk lewg izo`fRr;ka] muds gkbMªkbMksa] gSykbMksa rFkk vkDlkbMksa dk jklk;fudvkpj.kAladze.k rRoksa dk jlk;u% lkekU; fo”ks’krk,a] ifjorhZ vkDlhdj.k voLFkk,a] tfVyksa dk fuekZ.k] mudk jaxrFkk pqEcdh; ,oa mRizsfjdh; xq.kA vk;fud f=T;kvksa] vkDlhdj.k voLFkkvksa rFkk pqEcdh; xq.kksa dhn`f’V ls 4 vkSj 5 ladze.k rRoksa ,oa muds vuq:Ik 3 rRoksa dk rqyukRed v/;;uAd d d

ySFksukbMksa rFkk ,fDVukbMksa dk jlk;u% ySFksukbMksa] ladqpu] vkDlhdj.k voLFkk,a] ySFksukbMksa rFkk,fDVukbMksa ds i`FkDdj.k dk fl)kUr] muds ;kSfxdksa dk pqEcdh; rFkk LisDVªeh xq.kAmi lgla;kstu jlk;u% mi lgla;kstu ;kSfxdksa dk ouZj fl)kUr uke i)fr dh vkbZ-;w- ih,-lh-(IUPAC) iz.kkyh izHkkoh ijek.kq Øekad] mi lg la;kstu ;kSfxdksa esa leko;ork] la;kstdrk ca/k fl)kUrrFkk mldh lhek,a] fØLVy {ks= fl)kUr v’VQydh;] prq’Qydh; rFkk oxZ ryh; tfVyksa esa d{kdksad

dk fØLVy {ks= foikVuA rFkk blds eku dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd 1 ls 9 rd ds fy, fØLVyΔ d d

{ks= LFkkf;Ro ÅtkZvksa dh x.kuk] nqcZy rFkk izcy {ks= ds v’VQydh; tfVy] LisDVªks jklk;fud Js.khA3 laØe.k /kkrq tfVyksa ds bysDVªkfud LisDVªe] bysDVªkfud mRrstu ds izdkj] bysDVªkfud mRrstu dsd

fy, lsysD”ku fu;eAtSo vdkcZfud jlk;u % tSfod izØeksa esa vfuok;Z rFkk lq{e ekf=d rRo /kkfRod gheksXyksfcu rFkkek;kXyksfcu ds lUnHkZ esa /kkfRodikjfQzfjUl] dSfYl;e vk;u ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ esa {kkjh; rFkk e`nk{kkjh;/kkrq vk;uksa dk tSfod egRoAfuEukafdr vdkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dk fuekZ.k] muds xq.k /keZ rFkk mi;ksx% Hkkjh ty] cksfjd ,flM] Mkbcksjsu]gkbZMªkftu] gkbZMªkDlhySfeu] iksVSf”ke MkbØksesV] iksVSf”k;e ijeSxusV] lYQsV rFkkCe (iv) Ti (III)

lYQsVAcgqyd% volknu] izdk”k fodh.kZu] “;kurk rFkk ijlkj.k nkc] fof/k;kW }kjk cgqydksa ds v.kqHkkj dk KkrdjukA la[;k ek/; rFkk Hkkj ek/; v.kqHkkj] cgqydkas dh izR;kLFkrk rFkk fØLVyrkA cksjkthu] flyhdksurFkk QkLQksukbfVªfyd gSykbM cgqydAjklk;fud Å’ek xfrdh% Å’ek xfrdh Qyu] Å’ek xfrdh ds izFke rFkk f}rh; fu;e] laHkou]mnkfluhdj.k rFkk ngu Å’ek] Å’ek ;ksx dk gsl dk fu;e] rki nkc ,oa vk;ru ifjorZu ls ,UVªksih esaifjorZuA fxCl gsYegkYV lehdj.k] lkE; ,oa Lor% vfHkfØ;k dh dlkSVh] fofHkUu HkkSfrdh& jlk;fudvfHkfØ;kvksa esa Å’ek xfrdh dk mi;ksx] jklk;fud foHko dh /kkj.kk] fxCt&M;wgse lehdj.k]Dykfl;l& Dysisjku lehdj.k] ruqfoy;uksa ds lgtkr xq.k /keksZ dh Å’ekxfrdh foospukAjklk;fud cy xfrdh % vfHkfØ;k dh v.kqdrk rFkk dksfV] osx fLFkjkad rFkk fof”k’V osx fLFkjkad] “kwU;dksfV] izFke dksfV rFkk f}rh; dksfV vfHkfØ;k;sa] v)Z vk;qdky] vfHkfØ;k dksfV Kkr djus dh fof/k;ka]rki xq.kkad] vkjghfu;l lehdj.k] lfØ;.k ÅtkZ] vfHkfØ;k osx dk laxV~V fl)kUr] fLFkj voLFkklfUudVu] vfHkfØ;k osx dk laØe.k voLFkk fl)kUr] izFke dksfV dh Øekxr mRØe.kh; rFkk ik”kZovfHkfØ;k,aAizkoLFkk lkE;% (Pb-izkoLFkk ?kVd rFkk Lora=rk dh dksfV] ,d ?kVd ¼ty rFkk lYQj½ rFkk nks ?kVdAg) fudk; dk izkoLFkk vkjs[k] uUlZV dk forj.k fu;eA forj.k fu;e dk vuqiz;ksxAfo|+qr jlk;u% izcy fo|qr vi?kV~; dk fl)kUr& lfØ;rk xq.kkad dk fMckbZg~;wdy fl)kUr fo|qrpkyu ds fu;e vfHkxeukad] vfHkxeukad Kkr djuk ¼fgVkQZ rFkk xfr”khy lhekad fof/k½ bysDVªksM rFkkbysDVªksM foHko] gkbZMªkstu bysDVªksM] dyksey bysDVªksM] xSycsfud lsy dk bZ0,e0,Q0] vfHkxeu lfgrrFkk vfHkxeu jfgr lkUnz.k lsy] nzo taD”ku foHko rFkk bZ/ku lsyABksl voLFkk dk jlk;u% fØLVy ra= fØLVyksa esa lfefr ds rRo] f=foe tkyd rFkk ,dd lsy] xksydksadk lqladqyu] ‘kVdks.kh; lqladqyu] ?ku lqladyu] ckMh lsUVMZ D;wfcd iSfdax milgla;kstu ØaekdrFkk f=T;k vuqikr izHkkoA ,Dl& fdj.k foorZu ds fy, czSx dk fu;e] ikoMj fof/k }kjk NaCI,KCI

rFkk ftad lYQkbM dh fØLVy lajpuk,aAi`’B jlk;u% dksvkxqys”ku] gkMhZ&lqYt :y& dksykbMksa dk LFkkf;Ro rFkk mu ij vkos’k dk mn~xe]fo|qr xfrdh foHko] fofHkUu izdkj ds vf/k”kks’k.k lerkih] mRizsj.k] ,Utkbe mRizsj.k ¼ekbdsfyl&esaVulehdj.k½LisDVªk % jeu LisDVªe % jeu izHkko] LVksd rFkk izfrLVksd js[kk;sa] rFkk rhozrk vUrj] ikjLifjd viotZudk fu;eA bysDVªkuh LisDVªe % bysDVªkuh mRrstu] QSad& dkW.Mke fl)kUr] izfrnhfIr rFkk LQqj nhfIrAlkE;koLFkk % HkkSfrdh rFkk jklk;fud vfHkfØ;kvksa esa lkE;koLFkk] lkE;koLFkk dk Mk;fufed izd`fr]jlk;fud lkE;koLFkk dk fu;e] lkE; fLFkjkad] lkE; dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] yh&”ksfVfy;jfl)kUr] izcy rFkk nqcZy fo|qr vi?kV~;] dkeu vk;u izHkko] ikyhcsfld vEyksa dk vk;uhdj.k] vEyh;cy] ih0,p0 dh vo/kkj.kk] yo.kksa dk ty vi?kVu] cQj fcy;u] gs.Mjlu lehdj.k] vYi foys; dhfoys;rk rFkk foys;rk xq.kkadA

jlk;u foKku& f}rh; iz”u i=1& lkekU; dkcZfud jlk;u % vfrla;qXeu] vLFkkuhdj.k ,oe~ buds vuqiz;ksx] bysDVªku Lusgh]gkbZMªkstu cU/k] ,sjkseSfVdrk vkSj izfr ,sjkseSfVdrkA2& jklk;fud fØ;k fof/k % jlk;fud vfHkfØ;kvksa ds fu/kkZj.k gsrq lkekU; fof/k;kW %¼ ½ xfrdi

leLFkkfud izHkko] ikjxeu iz;ksx] e/;orhZ foik’ku ¼VSªfiax½] m’ekxfrdh fu;ed cuke xfrdh fu;edvfHkfØ;k;saA¼ii½ dkoZ/kuk;u] dkcZ_.kk;u eqDr ewyd] dkoZfUl rFkk ostkbu ds LFkkf;Ro] cuusfØ;k”khy e/;orhZ %dh fof/k] T;kferh] izd`fr ¼bysDVªku Lusgh rFkk ukfHkd Lusgh½ rFkk vfHkfØ;k;saA¼ ½ dkcZu % dkcZu f}vkoU/k ij czksehu] dkohZu ,oe ij ,sflM ¼vkDlhjsu dk cuuk½iii ;ksx vfHkfØ;k;sa %dh bysDVªku Lusgh ;ksx vfHkfØ;k;sa] gkbMªksoksjslu& vkDlhdj.k] vkDlhejD;wjslu& MhejD;wjslu ,oe~

3-ifjo/kZu tSfodh&

¼3½ jlk;u foKku& izFke iz'u i=ijek.kq lajpuk%

ukfHkdh; ,oa fofdj.k jlk;u%

jklk;fud vkca/ku%

ladze.k rRoksa dk jlk;u%

mi lgla;kstu jlk;u%

tSo vdkcZfud jlk;u %

fuEukafdr vdkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dk fuekZ.k] muds xq.k /keZ rFkk mi;ksx%

cgqyd%

jklk;fud Å’ek xfrdh%

jklk;fud cy xfrdh %

izkoLFkk lkE;% (Pb-

Ag)

fo|+qr jlk;u% izcy fo|qr vi?kV~; dk fl)kUr&

Bksl voLFkk dk jlk;u%

i`’B jlk;u%

LisDVªk % jeu LisDVªe %

lkE;koLFkk %

jlk;u foKku& f}rh; iz”u i=1& lkekU; dkcZfud jlk;u %

2& jklk;fud fØ;k fof/k % jlk;fud vfHkfØ;kvksa ds fu/kkZj.k gsrq lkekU; fof/k;kW %

fØ;k”khy e/;orhZ %

;ksx vfHkfØ;k;sa %

Cont...

vk;MksysDVksukbtsluAczksehu dk la;qXeh MkbZu ds lkFk 1]2 vkSj 1]4 ;ksx vfHkfØ;k;saA dh eqDreksyd ;ksx vfHkfØ;k;saAHBr

dkcZu] vkDlhtu] lYQj rFkk ukbVªkstu ukfHkd Lusgh vfHkdeZdksa dk dkcksfuy lewg ds lkFk ukfHkdLusgh ;ksx vfHkfØ;k;saA¼ rFkk vfHkfØ;kvksa dh fØ;k fof/k] vfHkfØ;kvksa dk½ E1,E2 E1cb E2iv foyksiu vfHkfØ;k;sa%vfHkfoUlk; ¼lsVtsQ rFkk gkQeSu½] dksi foyksiu vfHkfØ;kA¼ ½v izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k;sa%

rFkk fØ;k fof/k ASN1 SN2¼ ½a

bysDVªku Lusgh ,sjkseSfVd izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k;sa % eksuks izfrLFkkfir csUthuksa ds fy;s¼ ½b

vfHkfoU;kl ,oe~ fØ;k”khyrkA3& vfHkfØ;k;sa ,oa iqufoZU;kl vfHkfØ;k;sa %

,yMksy la?kuu Dyslu la?kuu uksosukxsy vfHkfØ;k] fofVx vfHkfØ;k]¼ ½I vfHkfØ;k;sa %ekbdsy ;ksx] ekful vfHkfdz;k] ijfdu] jk;ej&Vheku vfHkfdz;k] dSfutkjks vfHkfdz;k rFkk osUtksbula?kuuA

fiusdky & fiusdksyhu] gkQeku] csdeku] djfV;l iqufoZU;kl¼ ½ii iqufoZU;kl vfHkfdz;k;sa %rFkk dkoZ/kuk;uksa dh iqufoZU;kl vfHkfdz;k;saA4& f=foe jlk;u% dkbjy dsUnz ds dkj.k /kzqo.k ?kw.kZdrk% ,d rFkk nks dkbjy dsUnzks okys ;kSfxdksa dkR,S ukedj.kA izfrfcEch rFkk vizfrfcEch :iksa dk xq.k/keZA jklk;fud fof/k }kjk jSlsfed feJ.k dki`FkDdj.kA T;kferh leko;ork% ukedj.kA foo`r J`a[kyk okys ;kSfxdksa ¼ &C;wVsu]2&¶yksjksbFksuksy]E,Z n

1]2& bFksu Mk;kRu] 1]2 MkbZ&¶yksjksbFksu½ dk la:i.kA lkbDyksgsDlsu] ,dy izfrLFkkfir rFkkf}izfrLFkkfir lkbDyksgsDlsuksa dk la:i.kA5&LisDVªfedh%& ¼ ½ LisDVªfedh% bysDVªkfud laØe.k ds izdkj] o.kZewyd ¼dzkseksQksj½] o.kZo/kZdi UV

¼vkDlksdzkse½] o.kksZrd'khZ foLFkkiu] o.kZo/kZd foLFkkiuA la;qfXer ikyhuksa rFkk dkoksZfuy ;kSfxd ds maxλ

dh x.kuk ds fy;s oqMoMZ rFkk Qkbtj fu;eA¼ ½ buQzkjsM LisDVªfedh%ii ruu vko`fRk;ksa dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjdA¼ ½ LisDVªfedh%iii 1HNMR ewy fl)kUr] dsfedy f”k¶V] fLiu&fLiuvU;ksU; fdz;k rFkk ;qXeukadAlk/kkj.k ;kSfxdksa dh lajpuk fu/kkZj.k ds fy, rFkk ij vk/kkfjr iz”uAUV, IR 1HNMR

6&dkcZfud cgqyd% cgqyhdj.k dh fdz;kfof/k] vkS|ksfxd egRo ds cgqyd ¼ikfy,sekbM] ikfy,LVj]vkWjyku] ih0oh0lh0] Vs¶yku] ,l0ch0vkj0] ,u0ch0vkj0½7& dkcksZgkbMªsVl% ekukslSdjkbMl ¼Xywdksl rFkk izDVksl½ dk jlk;uA Xywdksl rFkk QzDVksl dh pdzh;lajpukA ifjorhZ /kqzo.k ?kw.kZu] ,fiesjktslu] vekMksjh iqufoZU;kl] MkblSdjkbMl ¼ekYVksl rFkk lqdzksl½A8& isjhlkbfDyd vfHkfdz;k;sa% oxhZdj.k rFkk mnkgj.k] oqMoMZ&gkQeku fu;e] bysDVªkslkbfDydvfHkfdz;k;sa] lkbDyks,Mh”ku ¼A 2$2 A rFkk A 4$2 A½ vfHkfdz;k;saA9& fo’kepØzh; ;kSfxd% ik;jkWy] ¶;wVku rFkk Fkk;ksQhu ds cukus dh fof/k;ka] ,sjkseSfVdrk rFkkvfHkfdz;k;saA10& Ik;kZoj.kh; jlk;u foKku% Okk;qiznw’kd ,oa muds fo'kkDr izHkko] vkstksu ijr dk fo?kVu]ukbVªkstu ds vkDlkbM dk izHkko] ¶yksjks Dyksjks dkcZu rFkk vkstksu ijr ij mldk izHkko] iknix`gizHkko] vEy o’kkZA

¼4½ HkkSfrd foKku% izFke iz”u&i=;kaf=dh] Å’eh; HkkSfrdh rFkk rjax ,oa nksyu % ¼1½ ;kaf=dh % laj{k.k fu;e] la?kê] izkpy] izdh.kZuizPNsn] nzO;eku dsUnz rFkk iz;ksx”kkyk ra= HkkSfrd jkf”k;ksa ds :ikUrj.k ds lkFkA jnjQksMZizdh.kZuA fu;r cy {ks= ds Hkhrj jkdsV dh xfrA jksVsfVax Ýse vkWQ fjQjsUlA dksfj;ksfyl cyAn`<+ fi.Mksa dh xfrA ?kq.kZu djrh oLrqvksa dh xfrdhA tM+Rok?kw.kZ] tM+Ro VsaljA xksyk] fjax] csyu]fMLd dk tM+Rok?kw.kZA dks.kh; laosx] cyvk?kw.kZ ¼cyk?kw.kZ] Vki dk izsfllu] xkbjkLdksi] dsUnzh;cyA O;qRØeoxZ fu;e ds vUrxZr xfr] dsiyj ds fu;eA d`f=e mixzg dh xfr ¼HkwfLFkj mixzg Hkh½]izR;kLFkrk fu;rkad ,oa muds chp vUrZlEcU/kA xSyhfy;u lkisf{kdrkA fof”k’V lkisf{kdrkfl)kUr] ekbdsYlu eksjys dk iz;ksxA ykjsUt dk :ikUrj.k] osxksa ds ;ksx dk fu;eA nzO;eku dkosx ds lkFk ifjorZu] nzO;eku&ÅtkZ lerqY;rk o rjy xfrdh] /kkjkjs[kh; ,oa fo{kksHk cgko] jsuksYMla[;k] “;kurk] ladh.kZ ufydk ls nzoksa ds izokg lEcU/kh ikbyksth dk lw=] cuksZyh dk lehdj.krFkk mlds lkekU; vuqiz;ksxA¼2½ Å’ek HkkSfrdh % m’ekxfrdh ds fu;e] ,.Vªkih] dkuksZpØ] lerkih; rFkk :nzks’e ifjorZuA Å’ekxfrd foHko] gsYegksYt rFkk fxc ds QyuA eSDlosy lEcU/kA Dykfl;l& Dysijku lehdj.kAmRØe.kh; lsyA twy& dsfYou izHkkoA LVhQku cksYeSu fu;eA xSlksa dk xR;kRed fl)kUrA osx dsforj.k dk eSDlosy fu;eA ÅtkZ dk lefoHkktu] xSlksa dh fof”k’V Å’ek] e/;&eqDr iFk czkmuh xfrAd`f’.kdk fofdj.kA Bkslksa dh fof”k’V Å’ek] vkbUlVhu rFkk MhokbZ fl)kUr A ohu dk fu;e] IySad dkfu;e] lkSj fu;rkadA lkgk dk Å’eh; vk;uhdj.k dk fl)kUr rFkk u{k=h; LisDVªeA :}ks’e fopqEcdu}kjk fuEu rki mRiknu rFkk ruq “khryuA _.kkRed rki dh vo/kkj.kkA¼3½ rjax ,oa nksyu % nksyu ljy vkorZxfrA nzO;eku fLizax rFkk ,ylh ifjiFkA vizxkeh rFkk izxkehrjaxsA voeafnr ljy vkorZxfr] iz.kksfnr nksyu rFkk vuquknA vuqukn dh rh{.krkA rjax lehdj.kAgkjeksfud gyA lery rFkk xksyh; rjaxs] rjaxksa dk v/;kjksi.kA nks vfHkyEcor ljy vkorZxfr;kafylktw vkd`fr;kaA vkorhZ rjaxksa dk Qqfj;j fo”ys’k.k&oxZ rFkk f=dks.kh; rjaxsA dyk rFkk lewg osx]foLianA¼4½ izdkf'kdh% gkbxsu dk fl)kUrA vk;ke ,oa rjaxkxz dk foHkktu] Ýusy ckbfizTe U;wVu&fjaxekbdsylu b.VjQsjksehVj] Ýsczhijk] b.VjÝsjksehVjA foorZu&Ýusy rFkk ÝkugksaQj Qwfj;s :ikUrj.kds :i esa foorZuA vk;rkdkj ,oa o`Rrkdkj }kjdksa ls Ýusy rFkk ÝkugksaQj foorZuA lh/ksdksj] ,dyrFkk cgqfLyVksa ls foorZu] xzfVax dh foHksnu {kerkA izdkf”kr midj.kA jsys dk ekudA /kzqo.k] /kz qforizdk”k ¼js[kh;] o`Rrh; rFkk nh?kZo`Rrh;½ dk mRiknu rFkk lalwpuA C:LVj&fu;e] f}oviorZu dkgkbxsu fl)kUrA izdk”kh; ?kw.kZu] iksykjhehVj]] yslj Jksr ¼ghfy;e uh;ksu] :ch rFkk v/kZ pkydMk;ksM½ LFkkuh; ,oa lkef;d dyk lEc)rk dh vo/kkj.kkA gksyksxzkQh fl)kUr rFkk vuqiz;ksxAMkIyj izHkkoA

HkkSfrd foKku% f}rh; iz”u&i=¼oSn~;qr rFkk pqEcdRo] vk/kqfud HkkSfrdh rFkk bysDVªkfudh½

1- oSn~;qr rFkk pqEcdRo% dwyEc dk fu;e] oSn~;qr {ks=] xkl dk fu;e] oSn~;qr foHko] le:i {ks= esa lekaxijkoSn~;qr rFkk vukosf”kr xksyh; pkyd gsrq ik;lk ,oa ykIykl ds lehdj.k] fcUnq vkos”k rFkk vuUrlapkyd ryA oSn~;qr /kkjk] fdjpkQ dk fu;e rFkk blds vuqiz;ksx% âohV LVksu lsrq] dsfYou Mcy fczt]QSjhQkLVj fcztA ck;ks& lsoVZ fu;e rFkk mlds vuqiz;ksxA ,Eih;j dk ifjiFkh; fu;e rFkk vuqiz;ksxApqEcdh; izsj.k rFkk {ks= rhozrk] pqEcdh; “ksy o`Rrkdkj dqaMyh ds v{k ij pqEcdh; {ks=] gsYe gksYtdqaMyh] oSn~;qr pqEcdh; izsj.k] QSjkMs ,oa ySUt dk fu;eA Lo ,oa vU;ksU; izsjdRo] izR;korhZ /kkjk] ,y lhvkj ifjiFk] Js.kh ,oa lekUrj vuqukn ifjiFk] xq.krk xq.kkadA eSDlosy ds lehdj.k rFkk oSn~;qr pqEcdh;rjaxkas dh vuqizLFk izd`frA ikbZf.Vax osDVjA nzO;ksa esa pqEcdh; {ks= izfr vuq Qsjksa izfrQsjks rFkk QsjhpqEcdRo ¼xq.kkRed mikxe ek=½] “kSfFkY;rkA2- vk/kqfud HkkSfrdh% gkbMªkstu ijek.kq dk cksj fl)kUr] bysDVªku fLiuA LVuZ&xjySd iz;ksx rFkkLFkkfud Dok.Vhdj.kA ijek.kq dk osDVj ekMy] LisDVªeh in] izdkf”kr ,oa ,Dl&js LisDVªkA LisDVªehjs[kkvksa dh lw{e lajpuk rFkk ;qXeuA theku izHkkoA ikmyh dk viotZu fl)kUrA nks lerqY; rFkkj-j I-s

fHkUu bysDVªkuksa dh LtsDVªeh inA bysDVªkfud cS.M LisDVªk dh LFkwy rFkk lw{e lajpukA jeu izHkkoA

iv foyksiu vfHkfØ;k;sa%

izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k;sa%¼ ½a

¼ ½b

3& vfHkfØ;k;sa ,oa iqufoZU;kl vfHkfØ;k;sa %¼ ½I vfHkfØ;k;sa %

¼ ½ii iqufoZU;kl vfHkfdz;k;sa %

4& f=foe jlk;u%

5&LisDVªfedh%&

¼ ½ buQzkjsM LisDVªfedh%ii

¼ ½ LisDVªfedh%iii 1HNMR

6&dkcZfud cgqyd%

7& dkcksZgkbMªsVl%

8& isjhlkbfDyd vfHkfdz;k;sa%

9& fo’kepØzh; ;kSfxd%

10& Ik;kZoj.kh; jlk;u foKku%

¼4½ HkkSfrd foKku% izFke iz”u&i=;kaf=dh] Å’eh; HkkSfrdh rFkk rjax ,oa nksyu % ¼1½ ;kaf=dh %

¼2½ Å’ek HkkSfrdh %

¼3½ rjax ,oa nksyu %

¼4½ izdkf'kdh%

HkkSfrd foKku% f}rh; iz”u&i=¼oSn~;qr rFkk pqEcdRo] vk/kqfud HkkSfrdh rFkk bysDVªkfudh½

1- oSn~;qr rFkk pqEcdRo%

2- vk/kqfud HkkSfrdh%

izdk”k oSn~;qr izHkko] ØkEiVu izHkko] Mh czkxyh rjaxsA rjaxd.k }SrrkA vfuf”prrk dk fl)kUrADok.Ve ;kaf=dh dh vfHk/kkjk,aA JkSfMaxj lehdj.k dk vuqiz;ksx ¼1½ ckDl esa fLFkr d.k rFkk ¼2½ infoHko ds vkjikj xfr esaA ,d foeh; gkeksZfud nksyd] vkbxu ewY; rFkk vkbxu QyuA jsfM;ks/kkfeZrk]vYQk] chVk rFkk xkek fofdj.kA vYQk {k; dk izkjfEHkd fl)kUr] ukfHkdh; cU/ku ÅtkZ] eklLisDVªksLdksih] lseh ,Eihfjdy ekl QkewZyk] ukfHkdh; fo[k.Mu rFkk lay;uA izkjfEHkd fj,DVj HkkSfrdhAewy d.k rFkk muds oxhZdj.kA rhoz rFkk nqcZy vUrZfdz;kA d.kRofj=] LkkbDyksVªku] js[kh; Rofj=]vfrpkydrk dk izkjfEHkd KkuA3- bysDVªkfudh % mtkZ cS.M ds vk/kkj ij Bkslksa dk pkyd] dqpkyd ,oa v/kZpkyd esa oxhZdj.kA uStrFkk okã v)Zpkyd A ih ,u laf/k] i”o ,oa vXu vfHkur ih ,u laf/kA FkfeZLVj] tsuj Mk;ksM] lkSj lsyAfn’Vhdj.k] izo/kZu nksyu] jsfM;ks vko`fRr rjaxksa ds ekMqys”ku rFkk lalwpu esa Mk;ksM rFkk VªkaftLVj dkmi;ksx] VªkaftLVj vfHkxzg.kA cqfy;u cht xf.kr] ykftd xsV rFkk muds lR; rkfydk muds dqNmi;ksxA ,Mj rFkk loVSªEVjA

¼5½ Xkf.kr & izFke iz”ui=1& jSf[kd chtxf.kr ,oa vkO;wg& lfn”k lef’V;kWa] mi lef’V;kWa] vk/kkj ,oa foek] foHkkx lef’V]funsZ”kkadA jSf[kd :ikUrj.k] jSf[kd :ikUrj.k dh tkfr ,oa “kwU;rk] jSf[kd :ikUrj.k dk vkO;wgfu:i.kA jSf[kd Qyud] }Sr lef’V] jSf[kd :ikUrj.k dk ifjorZ] vfHkyk{kf.kd eku] “kwU;dkjh cgqin]dSys&gSfeYVu izes;A vkarj xq.ku lef’V] dk”kh&”koktZ vlfedk] ykafcd lfn”k] ykafcd iwjd]izlkekU; ykafcd leqPp; ,oa vk/kkj] ifjfer foeh; lef’V ds fy;s xzke&f”k’V ykafcdhdj.k izØeAvkO;wg dh tkfr] lksikud :i] rqY;rk] laokZxlerk rFkk mi:irk] fofgr :iksa esa leku;u] ykafcd]lefer] fo’ke lefer gfeZVh ,oa fo’ke gfeZVh vkO;wg] muds vfHkyk{kf.kd eku] f}?kkrh rFkk gfeZVh :iksads ykafcd rFkk ,fdd leku;u] /kukRed fuf”pr f}?kkrh :i] lgdkfyd leku;uA2& dyu& lhek,a] lkUrR;] vodyuh;rk] ek/;eku izes;] Vsyj izes;] vfu/kk;Z :i] mfPp’V ,oafufEu’B] Li”khZ ,oa vfHkyEc] vuUrLi”khZ] oØrk] vUokyksi ,oa dsUnzt] vkaf”kd vodyu] oØ vuqjs[k.k]cgqpjksa ds Qyuksa dh lkaUrR;rk ,oa vodyuh;rk] vkaf”kd vodyt ds Øe dh vkarfjdifjorZu”khyrk] varfufgZr Qyu izes;] tSdksfc;u] f}d ,oa f=d lekdy ¼dsoy izkfof/k;kWa½] ohVk ,oaxkek Qyuksa dk vuqiz;ksx] {ks=Qy] odzi`’B ,oa vk;ru] xq:Ro dsUnzA3& nks ,oa rhu foekvksa dh oS”ysf'kd T;kfefr& f}?kkr dk O;kid lehdj.k] “kkado fudk;] laukfHk“kkado dk /kqzoh; lehdj.k rFkk mlds xq.kA f=foeh; funsZ”kkad] lery] ljy js[kk] xksyk “kadq] vkSjcsyuA dsUnzh; “kkadot] ijoy;t] “kkadot dk leryh; dkV] tud js[kk,Wa] laukfHk “kkadotA4& lk/kkj.k vody lehdj.k& vody lehdj.k dh dksfV rFkk ?kkr] izFke dksfV rFkk izFke ?kkr dhjSf[kd ,oa ;Fkkor vody lehdj.k] izFke dksfV ds lehdj.k tks izFke ?kkr ds u gksa] fofPk= gy]yEcdks.kh; la{ksnhA vpj xq.kkadks okys mPp dksfV ds jSf[kd lehdj.k] iwjd Qyu rFkk fo”ks’k lekdyAPkj xq.kkadks okys f}dksfV ds jSf[kd vody lehdj.k % ,d Kkr gy ls nwljk Kkr djuk] izlkekU; :i]vfu/kkZfjr xq.kkad fof/k] izkpy fopj.k fof/kA5& lfn”k ,oa izfn”k fo”ys’k.k& lfn”k chtxf.kr] vfn”k pj ds lfn’k Qyuksa ds vodyu ,oalekdyu] xzsfM;aV] MkbotZsUl ,oa dyZ ds dkrhZ;] csyuh ,oa xksyh; funsZ”kkdksa esa fu:i.k rFkk mudsHkkSfrd fuoZpu] mPprj dksfV ds vodyt] lfn”k lfedk,a ,oa lfn”k lehdj.k] xkÅl rFkk LVksDlizes;A lef’V oØ] oØrk rFkk ,sBu] lsjsV&QsusV lw=A6&LFkSfrdh ,oa xfrdh& dfYir dk;Z] lUrqyu dk LFkk;hRo] dSVujh] ,d leku lkEkF;Z dh dSVujh]rhu foek esa cyksa dk larqyuA ljy js[kh; xfr] ljy vkorZ xfr] f=T; ,oa vuqizLFk fn”kkvksa rFkkLi”khZ; ,oa vfHkyEc fn”kkvksa esa osx ,oa Roj.k] izfrjks/kh ek/;e esa xfr] O;o:) xfr] vkosxh cyksa dsv/khu xfr dsiyj ds fu;e] dsUnzh; cyksa ds v/khu d{kk;sa] ifjorhZ nzO;eku dh xfrA

xf.kr& f}rh; iz”ui=1& chtxf.kr% lewg] pØh; lewg] milewg] milewg dk lgleqPp;] ykxzkat izes;] izlkekU; milewg]lewgksa dh lekdkfjrk] [k.M lewg] vk/kkjh rqY;dkfjrk izes;] Øep; lewg] dsyh izes;A oy;] mioy;]xq.ktkoyh] iw.kkZadh; izkar] iw.kkZadh; izkar dk foHkktu {ks=] ;wfDyMh; izkar] eq[; xq.ktkoyh izkar] {ks= ijcgqinh; oy;] vf}rh; xq.ku[kaMu izkarA2& okLrfod fo”ys’k.k% nwjhd lef’V ,oa vuqØeksa ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ esa mudh lkafLFkfrdh] vfHklkjhvuqØe] dkS”kh vuqØe] vfHklj.k ds fy;s dkS”kh fud'k] vuUr Js.kh ,oa mudk vfHklj.k] okWa inn

ijh{k.k] /kukRed inksa dh Js.kh] vuqikr ,oa ewy ijh{k.k] lhek rqyukRed ijh{k.k] y?kqx.kdh; vuqikrijh{k.k] la?kuu ijh{k.k] lkekU; vuqØe esa fujis{k ,oa laizfrca/kh ijh{k.k] vkcsy ,oa fMfj[ys izes;]R

fdlh vUrjky ij Qyuksa ds vuqØe ,oa Js.kh dk ,d leku vfHklj.k] fo;jLVªkl ijh{k.k] vkcsy ,oaM-

fMfj[ys ijh{k.k] lhek&Qyu ds fy;s lkarR;] in’k% lekdyuh;rk ,oa vodyuh;rk] ifjc) Qyuksa dsfy;s lekdyu dk jheku fl)kURk] lrr Qyu dh lekdyuh;rk] dyu dh ekSfyd izes;] vuqfprlekdyu ,oa muds vfLrRo ds fy;s n”kk;sa] E;w ijh{k.kA3& lfEeJ fo”ys’k.k% oS”ysf’kd Qyu] dkS”kh&jheku lehdj.k] dkS”kh izes;] dkS”kh dk lekdyu lw=]oS”ysf’kd Qyu dk ?kkr Js.kh fu:i.k] Vsyj Js.kh] ykWjsUV Js.kh] fofp=rkvksa dk oxhZdj.k] dkS”kh vo”ks’kizes;] dUVwj lekdyuA4& vkaf”kd vodyu lehdj.k% vkaf'kd vody lehdj.kksa dks cukuk] izFke dksfV ds vkaf”kd vodylehdj.k] izFke dksfV ds jSf[kd dYi vkaf”kd vody lehdj.kksa ds gy] izFke dksfV ds vjSf[kdvkaf”kd vody lehdj.k ds fy;s “kkfiZV fof/k] vpj xq.kkadksa okys f}rh; dksfV ds jSf[kd vkaf”kdvody lehdj.k rFkk muds fofgr :i] dafir rarq dk lehdj.k] rki lehdj.k] ykIykl lehdj.k,oa muds gyA5& ;kaf=dh% O;kihd`r funsZ”kkad] O;kihd`r xfr] gksyksukseh vkSj xSj&gksyksukseh fudk;] laj{kh {ks= esagksyksukeh fudk; ds fy;s Mh,sycVZ fl}kUr ,oa ykxzkat lehdj.k] O;kihd`r vkosx] gSfeYVu lehdj.k]tM+Ro ,oa xq.ku vk?kw.kZ] eq[; v{k] fnd~ dksT;k okyh js[kk ds ifjr% tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ] vkosxh;(I,m,n)

nh?kZo`Rrt] n`<+ fiaMksa dh f}foeh; xfrA6& rjy xfrdh% lkarR; lehdj.k] xfr foHko] /kkjk xfr] iFk js[kk] laosx ,oa mtkZA v’;ku izokg%vk;yj vkSj cjukSyh dk xfr lehdj.k] f}foeh; nzoh; xfr] lfEeJ foHko] laosx ,oa mtkZ] mn~xe ,oavfHkxe] f}d ,oa muds izfrfcEc ¼js[kk ,oa o`Rr ds lkis{k½A7& la[;kRed fo”ys’k.k % ,d pj ds chtxf.krh; rFkk vchth; lehdj.kksa dk f}foHkktu]jsxqyk&QkfYl rFkk U;wVu&jkQlu fof/k;ksa }kjk gy rFkk muds vfHklj.k] varosZ”ku ¼U;wVu vkSj ykxzkat½,oa =qfV inksa lfgr la[;kRed vodyu lw=Ala[;kRed lekdyu% leyach fu;e] flailu fu;elk/kkj.k vody lehdj.kksa dk la[;kRed gy% vk;yj fof/k] :axs&dqV~Vk fof/kA

¼6½ Hkwxksy % izFke iz”u &I

[k.M& v % HkkSfrd Hkwxksy1- Hkw& vkdfjdh % i`Foh dh mRifRr ,oa lajpuk] Hkwlapyu] IysV foorZu rFkk ioZr fuekZ.k] Hkwlarqyu]Tokykeq[kh fØ;k] vi{k; ,oa vijnu] vijnu pØ] LFkykd`fr;ksa dk Øe& fodkl&unh;] fgekuh] iou]lkxjh rFkk dkLVZ] iqu:RFkku ,oa cgqpØh; Hkw& vkd`fr;kWA2- tyok;q foKku % ok;qe.My dk la?kVu ,oa ljapuk] lw;kZfHkrki ,oa m’ek ctV] ok;qe.Myh; nkc ,oaiou] vknzZrk ,oa o`f’V] ok;q jkf”k;kW ,oa okrkxz] pØokr& mRifRr] ifjlapj.k ,oa lEcfU/kr ekSle] fo”otyok;q dk oxhZdj.k& dksisu rFkk FkkUFkZosVA3- leqnz foKku % leqnzry dk mPpkop Lo:i] yo.krk] leqnzh /kkjk,a ,oa Tokj&HkkVk] leqnzh fu{ksi ,oa

3- bysDVªkfudh %

¼5½ Xkf.kr & izFke iz”ui=1& jSf[kd chtxf.kr ,oa vkO;wg&

2& dyu&

3& nks ,oa rhu foekvksa dh oS”ysf'kd T;kfefr&

4& lk/kkj.k vody lehdj.k&

5& lfn”k ,oa izfn”k fo”ys’k.k&

6&LFkSfrdh ,oa xfrdh&

xf.kr& f}rh; iz”ui=1& chtxf.kr%

2& okLrfod fo”ys’k.k%

3& lfEeJ fo”ys’k.k%

4& vkaf”kd vodyu lehdj.k%

5& ;kaf=dh%

6& rjy xfrdh%

7& la[;kRed fo”ys’k.k %

¼6½ Hkwxksy % izFke iz”u &I

[k.M& v % HkkSfrd Hkwxksy1- Hkw& vkdfjdh %

2- tyok;q foKku %

3- leqnz foKku %

Cont...

izoky fHkfRr;kWA4- feV~Vh ,oa ouLifr% mRifRr] oxhZdj.k ,oa fo”o& forj.k] feV~Vh ,oa ouLifr dh lg&thfork] tSoleqnk; ,oa vuqØeA5- ikfjfLFkfrdh rU= % ikfjfLFkfrdh dh ladYiuk] ikfjfLFkfrdh rU= dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Ziz.kkyh]ikfjfLFkfrdh rU= ds izdkj] izeq[k thokse] ikfjfLFkfrd rU=ksa ij ekuo dk izHkko rFkk oSf”odikfjfLFkfrdh; eqn~nsA

[k.M & c % ekuo Hkwxksy6- HkkSxksfyd fpUru dk dze& fodkl % Hkkjrh;] teZu] Qzkalhlh] fczfV”k rFkk :lh Hkwxksy osRrkvksa ds;ksxnku] ekuo& Hkwxksy ds ijaijkxr fparu Qyd& fu”p;okn] lEHkookn] izns”kokn( le& lkekf;dfparu Qyd% izR;{kokn] lkaf[;dh; ØkfUr( Hkwxksy esa ekWMy ,oa ra=( HkkSxksfyd fpUru esa vfHkuoizo`fRr;ka ¼vkpkjijd] ØkfUrdkjh] ekuorkokn] mRrjvk/kqfudokn ,oa ikfjfLFkfrdh fpUru Qyd dsfo”ks’k lUnHkZ esa½A7- Ekkuo Hkwxksy% izeq[k izkd`frd izns”kksa esa ekuo fuokL;] ekuo dk vH;qn; ,oa ekuo iztkfr;ka] lkaLd`frdfodkl ,oa voLFkk,a% izeq[k lkaLd`frd ifje.My] tula[;k dh o`f) ,oa forj.k] vUrjk’Vªh; izotu]tukafddh; laØe.k rFkk le& lkef;d tula[;k leL;k;saA8- vf/kokl Hkwxksy % vf/kokl Hkwxksy dh ladYiuk( xzkeh.k vf/kokl&izd`fr] mRifRr] izdkj ,oa izfr:i(uxjh; vf/kokl( mRifRr] izfr:i] izfØ;k;sa ,oa ifj.kke( dsUnz LFky fl)kUr] uxjksa dk oxhZdj.k] uxjksadk inkuqØe] uxjksa dh vkdkfjdh ] xzke&uxj lEcU/k& uxjh; izHkko {ks= ,oa uxj mikUr] Hkkohizo`fRr;kWA9- vkfFkZd Hkwxksy % vk/kkjHkwr ladYiuk;sa % lalk/ku dh ladYiuk] oxhZdj.k] laj{k.k ,oa izcU/ku( d`f’k dhizd`fr ,oa izdkj] d`f’k Hkwfe& mi;ksx ds vofLFkfrijd fl)kUr] fo'o ds d`f’k izns”k( izeq[k Qlysa( [kfut,oa ÅtkZ lalk/ku& LFkkfud miyC/krk] Hk.Mkj rFkk mi;ksx ,oa mRiknu izfr:i( fo”o ÅtkZ ladV ,oafodYi dh [kkst( m|ksx % vkS|ksfxd vofLFkfr ds fl)kUr] izeq[k vkS|ksfxd izns”k( izeq[k m|ksx&yksgkrFkk bLikr] dkxt] oL=] isVªks&jlk;u] Lopkfyr okgu rFkk iksr fuekZ.k& muds vofLFkfrd izfr:i(varjjk’Vªh; O;kikj] O;kikfjd iz[k.M] O;kikfjd ekxZ] iRru ,oa Hkwe.Myh; O;kikfjd dsUnz] oS”ohdj.k ,oafo”o esa vkfFkZd fodkl ds fl)kUr ,oa izfr:i] laofguh; fodkl dh ladYiuk ,oa mikxeA10- jktuhfrd Hkwxksy % jk’Vª ,oa jkT; dh ladYiuk] lhekUr] lhek;sa ,oa cQj {ks=] g`n;LFky ,oa fjeyS.Mfl)kUr] la?kokn] fo”o ds le& lkef;d Hkw&jktuhfrd eqn~nsA

Hkwxksy % f}rh; iz”u i= & Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy[k.M & ¼v½ HkkSfrd ,oa ekuo Hkwxksy

1- izkd`frd Lo:i % HkkSfedh; Øe ,oa lajpuk] mPpkop ,oa viokg] feV~Vh ,oa izkd`frd ouLifr] feV~VhvoØe.k rFkk fuoZuhdj.k] Hkkjrh; ekulwu dh mRifRr ,oa izfØ;k] tyok;q izns”k] Hokd`frd izns”kA2- oU; tho] jk’Vªh; m|ku] vHk;kj.;] tSo eaMy vkjf{kr {ks=] tSo fofo/krk gkV&LikVA3- osVySUM] i;ZVu& lalk/ku ,oa vkfFkZdh] izkd`frd ladV ,oa vkink rFkk izcU/ku] i;kZoj.kh; eqn~nsA4- tula[;k ,oa vf/kokl& forj.k ,oa o`f)] tula[;k dh lajpkukRed fo”ks’krk;sa] xzkeh.k vf/kokl&izdkj] izfr:i rFkk vkdkfjdh] uxjh; vf/kokl& uxjksa dh igpku ,oa oxhZdj.k] inkuqØe ,oa izHkko{ks=] uxjhdj.k] uxjh; uhfr] uxj fu;kstu] NksVs uxjksa dh Hkwfedk] LekVZ flVh rFkk LekVZ foystA5- jktuhfrd O;oLFkk& ,sfrgkfld ifjizs{; esa ,drk ,oa fofo/krk] jkT; iquxZBu] izknsf”kd psruk ,oajk’Vªh; leUo;u] dsUnz jkT; lEcU/k ds HkkSxksfyd vk/kkj] Hkkjr dh vUrjkZ’Vªh; lhek,a rFkk Hkw&jktuhfrd leL;k;sa] Hkkjr ,oa fgUn egklkxj dh Hkw&jktuhfr] Hkkjr ,oa n{kslA

[k.M& ¼c½ vkfFkZd ,oa izknsf”kd Hkwxksy6- Hkkjrh; d`f’k dh fo”ks’krk,a] catj Hkwfe dh leL;k;sa ,oa lq/kkj] Qly izfr:i ,oa xgurk] d`f’kxrn{krk ,oa mRikndrk] gfjr ØkfUr ds izHkko] d`f’k izns”k] d`f’k& ifjfLFkfrdh izns”k] tksr& vkdkj izfr:i]Hkwfe lq/kkj] lL; la;kstu izns”k] d`f’k dk vk/kqfudhdj.k ,oa d`f’k fu;kstuA7- lalk/ku& forj.k izfr:i] lafpr Hk.Mkj ,oa mRiknu] [kfutksa dh ifjiwjdrk] ÅtkZ lalk/ku] dks;yk]isVªksfy;e] ty fo|qr] cgqns”kh; unh ?kkVh ifj;kstuk;sa] ÅtkZ ladV rFkk fodYi dh [kkst] leqnzhlalk/ku] tSfod lalk/kuA8- m|ksx& vkS|ksfxd fodkl] izeq[k m|ksx& yksgk ,oa bLikr] oL=] dkxt] lhesUV] moZjd] phuh rFkkisVªks& jlk;u] vkS|ksfxd laf'y’V ,oa izns”k] vkS|ksfxd uhfrA9- ifjogu ,oa O;kikj & jsyekxZ ,oa lM+d ra=] ukxfjd mÏ;u ,oa ty ifjogu dh leL;k;sa ,oalEHkokuk,a] vUrjizknsf”kd O;kikj] vUrjkZ’Vªh; O;kikj] izeq[k cUnjxkg ,oa O;kikj dsUnz] mnkjhdj.kA10- izknsf”kd fodkl ,oa fu;kstu &izknsf”kd fodkl dh leL;k;sa ,oa {ks=h; fodkl j.kuhfr] cgqLrjh;fu;kstu] fu;kstu izns”k] egkuxjh;] tutkrh;] ioZrh;] lw[kk ihfM+r izns”kksa gsrq fu;kstu rFkk tykxe{ks= izcU/ku] izknsf”kd fodkl esa fo’kerk;sa] iapo’khZ; ;kstuk,a rFkk lacguh; fodkl gsrq fu;kstuA

¼7½ vFkZ”kkL=&izFke iz”ui=[k.M d% vkfFkZd fl)kUr

1- vFkZ”kkL= esa larqyu] miHkksDrk O;ogkj& x.kukokpd rFkk Øeokpd izR;kxe] dher izHkko] ekWx dkfu;e] ekWx dh yksp rFkk blds izdkj] miHkksDrk vfrjsdA2- mRiknu dk fl)kUr % mRiknu Qyu] izfrQy ds fu;e] mRiknu dk larqyu] ykxr oØ rFkk vk;oØA3- cktkj dh lajpuk % iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk] ,dkf/kdkj] ,dkf/kdkfjd izfr;ksfxrk] };kf/kdkj rFkkvYikf/kdkj esa dher fu/kkZj.kA4- miknku ds dkjdksa dh dhersa % etnwjh] yxku] C;kt rFkk ykHk] lef’VHkkoh forj.k fl)kUr& fjdkMksZ]ekDlZ rFkk dkYMj ds fl)kUrA5- dY;k.k vFkZ”kkL= % ijsVks vuqdwyrerk] {kfriwjd fl)kUr & dkYMj] fgDl rFkk lfdrksOLdh mikxe]lkekftd dY;k.k QyuA6- jk’Vªh; vk; % ladYiuk] vo;o rFkk vkdyu fof/k;kW] jkstxkj] vk; rFkk C;kt nj fu/kkZj.k ds fl)kUr& Dykfldh;] dsUlh; rFkk dsUlksijkUr ¼ ½ fopkj] O;kikj pØksa ds fl)kUrAIS-LM

7- eqnzk % eqnzk ifjek.k fl)kUr & fofHkUu mikxe ¼Mku isfVufdu rFkk feYVu ÝhMesu lfgr½] eqnzk vkiwfrZfl)kUr] eqnzk xq.kd] eqnzk&LQhfr ds fl)kUr & izdkj rFkk fu;a=.kA8- ekSfnzd rFkk cSfdax O;oLFkk % dsUnzh; cSad] okf.kfT;d cSdsa] eqnzk rFkk iwath cktkj ds dk;Z] lk[k fuekZ.krFkk lk[k fu;a=.k] ekSfnzd izcU/ku dh fof/k;kWA

[k.M % [k1- vkfFkZd fodkl ds ekid] fodkl”khy jk’Vªksa esa vkfFkZd fodkl dh izfØ;k] xqUukj feMZy rFkk dqtusV~lds vkfFkZd fodkl lEcU/kh fopkjA2- fu;kstu rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl] fu;kstu rFkk cktkj dh cnyrh Hkwfedk] futh rFkk lkoZtfudlk>snkjhA3- vkfFkZd lao`f) ds fl)kUr& gsjkM Mksej ekMy] ysfol dk vkfFkZd fodkl ekMy] vkfFkZd lao`f) dhn”kk,W& jksLVkso] larqfyr rFkk vlarqfyr lao`f) fl)kUrA4- ekuo iwath rFkk vkfFkZd lao`f)] “kks/k o fodkl ,oa vkfFkZd lao`f)] fuEu Lrjh; larqyu tky] ØkfUrdU;wure iz;kl izR;kxeA5- lkoZtfud for% lkoZtfud oLrq,W ,oa ckg~;rk;sa % lkoZtfud O;; ds fl)kUr rFkk izHkko] djkjksi.k dsfl)kUr] djk?kkr] djkikr rFkk dj foorZu] djksa ds izHkkoA6- jktdks’kh; uhfr rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl] ctV&?kkVksa ds izdkj rFkk muds vFkZO;oLFkk ij iM+us okys

4- feV~Vh ,oa ouLifr%

5- ikfjfLFkfrdh rU= %

[k.M & c % ekuo Hkwxksy6- HkkSxksfyd fpUru dk dze& fodkl %

7- Ekkuo Hkwxksy%

8- vf/kokl Hkwxksy %

9- vkfFkZd Hkwxksy %

10- jktuhfrd Hkwxksy %

Hkwxksy % f}rh; iz”u i= & Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy[k.M & ¼v½ HkkSfrd ,oa ekuo Hkwxksy

1- izkd`frd Lo:i %

2-3- osVySUM] i;ZVu&4- tula[;k ,oa vf/kokl&

5- jktuhfrd O;oLFkk&

[k.M& ¼c½ vkfFkZd ,oa izknsf”kd Hkwxksy6-

7- lalk/ku&

8- m|ksx&

9- ifjogu ,oa O;kikj &

10- izknsf”kd fodkl ,oa fu;kstu &

¼7½ vFkZ”kkL=&izFke iz”ui=[k.M d% vkfFkZd fl)kUr

1- vFkZ”kkL= esa larqyu] miHkksDrk O;ogkj&

2- mRiknu dk fl)kUr %

3- cktkj dh lajpuk %

4- miknku ds dkjdksa dh dhersa %

5- dY;k.k vFkZ”kkL= %

6- jk’Vªh; vk; %

7- eqnzk %

8- ekSfnzd rFkk cSfdax O;oLFkk %

[k.M % [k1-

2-

3- vkfFkZd lao`f) ds fl)kUr&

4-

5- lkoZtfud for% lkoZtfud oLrq,W ,oa ckg~;rk;sa %

6-

izHkko] lkoZtfud _.k rFkk mldk izcU/kuA7- vUrjkZ’Vªh; O;kikj ds fl)kUr & rqyukRed ykHk] O;kikj dh “krsZa rFkk izLrko oØ] O;kikj ls YkkHk]O;kikj lao`f) ds batu ds :i esaA8- fofue; nj fu/kkZj.k ds fl)kUr] Hkqxrku larqyu lek;kstu % oSdfYid fof/k;kWa] Lora= O;kikj cukelaj{k.k] rVdj rFkk vH;a”k] fons”kh _.k rFkk fons”kh _.k izcU/ku] vUrjkZ’Vªh; ekSfnzd rFkk O;kikjlaLFkk,WaA

vFkZ”kkL= & f}rh; iz”ui=Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk

[k.M& d1- vYi fodkl dh ewyHkwr fo”ks’krk,W ,oa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk] jk’Vªh; vk; rFkk izfr O;fDr vk; % izk:i]izo`fRr;kWa] lexz rFkk {ks=h; lfEeJ.k vkfn] Hkkjr esa vk; dh fo’kerk,W rFkk {ks=h; vlUrqyuA2- tula[;k o`f) rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl] Hkkjr dh tux.kuk,W] Hkkjr dh tula[;k dh fo”ks’krk,W]tukafddh; ykHkka”k rFkk tula[;k uhfr] Hkkjr esa ekuo lalk/ku fodkl] Hkkjr esa “kgjhdj.k rFkk vkfFkZdfodkl] efgyk ,oa vkfFkZd fodklA3- vk/kkfjd lajpuk rFkk Hkkjr eas vkfFkZd fodkl& gky dh j.kuhfr rFkk fu’iknu] “kgjh vk/kkfjdlajpuk fodkl rFkk lkoZtfud& futh Hkkxhnkjh] ÅtkZ {ks=&ÅtkZ ds L=ksr% ikjEifjd rFkk xSj&ikjEifjd ÅtkZ] ÅtkZ ladVA4- Hkkjr esa izkd`frd lalk/ku rFkk vkfFkZd fodkl] ikfjfLFkfrdh vlUrqyu rFkk i;kZoj.kh; iznw’k.k]i;kZoj.kh; vi{kj.k rFkk fu;a=.k ds mik;A5- Hkkjrh; d`f’k % mRiknu rFkk mRikndrk] Qly izk:i esa ifjorZu] d`f’k esa laLFkkxr lq/kkj] uohu d`f’kj.kuhfr] d`f’k lak[k rFkk minku] [kk| izlaaLdj.k] d`f’k dher uhfr] [kk| lqj{kk] fo”o O;kikj laxBurFkk Hkkjrh; d`f’kA6- Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl rFkk lajpuk % vkS|ksxhdj.k dh j.kuhfr] futhdj.k] fofuos'k] lw{e] y?kqrFkk e/;e m|e] vkS|ksfxd uhfr izLrko rFkk muesa ifjorZu] Hkkjrh; m|ksxksa esa fons”kh iwath] izfof/k rFkkfodkl] Hkkjr esa Je lq/kkjA7- lsok {ks= rFkk Hkkjr esa fodkl % egRo rFkk fu’iknu] vUrjkZ’Vªh; rqyukA

[k.M & [k1- Hkkjr esa ekSfnzd laLFkk,Wa& Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad] okf.kfT;d cSad] cSfdx rFkk xSj cSfdax foRrh; laLFkk,Wa]Hkkjr esa ekSfnzd uhfr ds mn~ns”; rFkk midj.k] u;h O;oLFkk ds vUrxZr Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad dh Hkwfedk]Hkkjr esa bZ&cSfdaxA2- Hkkjrh; ctVh; izo`fRr;kW rFkk jktdks'kh; uhfr] la?k ljdkj rFkk mRrj izns”k ljdkj dh lkoZtfudvk; rFkk lkoZtfud O;; ds eq[; L=ksr o izo`fRr;kW] la?kh; ctV esa fofHkUu ?kkVs rFkk jktdks’kh;lqn`<+hdj.k] Hkkjrh; dj lajpuk] Hkkjr esa oLrq rFkk lsok dj] ,DV jktdks’kh; la?kokn rFkk HkkjrFRBM

esa dsUnz& jkT; foRrh; lEcU/kA3- Hkkjr esa fons”kh O;kikj& ek=k] la?kVd rFkk fn”kk] Hkqxrku lUrqyu dh fLFkfr] fons”kh O;kikj uhfr rFkkmik;] :i;s dh ifjorZuh;rk] d`f’k fu;kZr {ks=] fo'ks’k vkfFkZd {ks= vkfn A4- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij ds fufgrkFkZ] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk fo”o O;kikjTRIPS,TRIMS,GATS

laxBu % eqn~ns rFkk izxfr] Hkkjr esa fons”kh iwWth& fons”kh izR;{k fuos”k ¼,dy czk.M rFkk cgq czk.M½] fons”khlaLFkkxr fuo”k vkfn] rFkk dk;ZØeAMake in India Start ups

5- Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fu;kstu& vkSfpR;] fu’iknu rFkk ewY;kadu] fodsUnzhd`r fu;kstu] uhfr vk;ksx% bldsdk;Z ,oa dk;Ziz.kkyh] lao`f) rFkk fodkl esa fu;kstu rFkk cktkj ds e/; lEcU/k] Lons”kh vo/kkj.kkA6- Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k fodkl rFkk :ikUrj.k & fofHkUu dk;ZØe] eujsxk] dkS”ky fodkl dk;ZØe& /;s; rFkkmiyfC/k;kWaA7- u;h vkfFkZd uhfr& f}rh; ih<+h lq/kkj] Hkkjr esa fu/kZurk rFkk csjkstxkjh ds e/; lEcU/k] fu/kZurkfuokj.k dk;ZØe] xzkeh.k etnwjh rFkk xzkeh.k jkstxkj] Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa dh izxfr] la?k ljdkj}kjk gky esa fy;s x;s dneA

¼8½ lekt”kkL= % izFke iz”ui=lkekU; lekt”kkL= ¼[k.M&v½

1- lkekftd ?kVukvksa dk v/;;u ,oa lekt”kkL= ds ewyHkwr vk/kkj] lekt”kkL= dk mn~Hko bldhizd`fr rFkk v/;;u {ks=A v/;;u fof/k% oLrqfu’Brk dh lEkL;k ,oa lkekftd foKkuksa esa ekiu lEcU/khfopkj] fun”kZu ,oa izdkj “kks/k izk:i& o.kZukRed] vUos'k.kkRed ¼xos'k.kkRed½ rFkk iz;ksxkRed] rF;ksa dsladyu dh izfof/k;ka& voyksdu] lk{kkRdkj vuqlwph ,oa iz”ukoyhA2- lS)kfUrd ifjizs{; % izdk;Zokn% jsMfDyQ czkmu] eSfyuksLdh vkSj eVZuA la?k’kZ fl)kUr% dkyZekDlZ]jkYQ MsgjsuMkQZ vkSj ysfol dkstjA izrhdkRed vUr%fdz;kokn%] lh0 ,p- dwys] th0 ,p0 ehM] vkSj gcZVZCywejA lajpuk okn % ysohLVªkl] ,l0,Q0 usMsy] iklZUl ,oa eVZuA3- lekt”kkL= ds vxz.kh fopkjd % vxLr dksar& izR;{kokn ,oa foKkuksa dk laLrj.k] gjcVZ Lisalj&lko;oh lkn`”;rk ,oa mn~fodkl dk fl)kUrA dkyZ ekDlZ& }UnkRed HkkSfrdokn ,oa fojlu ¼oSjkX;½]bekbZy nqj[khe& JefoHkktu] /keZ dk lekt”kkL=] eSDloscj& lkekftd fØ;k ,oa vkn”kZ izk:iA4- lkekftd Lrjhdj.k ,oa foHksnhdj.k % vo/kkj.kk] Lrjhdj.k ds fl)kUr& ekDlZ] oscj] Msfol ,oa ewj%Lo:i] tkfr ,oa oxZ] izfLFkfr ,oa Hkwfedk] lkekftd xfr”khyrk&izdkj] O;kolkf;d xfr”khyrk&vUr%ih<+hxr rFkk vUrjkih<+hxr xfr”khyrkA

[k.M&c5- fookg] ifjokj rFkk ukrsnkjh % fookg ds izdkj ,oa Lo:i] lkekftd fo/kkuksa dk izHkko] ifjokj&lajpuk,oa izdk;Z] ifjokj ds cnyrs izfreku] ifjokj lRrk ,oa ukrsnkjh] ledkyhu lekt esa fookg ,oa fyaxHksndh HkwfedkA6- lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl % vo/kkj.kk] lkekftd ifjorZu ds dkjd ,oa fl)kUr] lkekftdvkUnksyu ,oa ifjorZu] lkekftd uhfr ,oa fodkl esa jkT; dk gLr{ksi] xzkeh.k :ikUrj.k dh j.kuhfr;kalkeqnkf;d fodkl dk;ZØe] lefUor xzkeh.k fodkl dk;ZØe] xzkeh.k ;qokvksa gsrq Lo;a jkstxkj rFkktokgj jkstxkj ;kstuk] lekos”kh fodkl ,oa lrr fodklA7- vkfFkZd ,oa jktuSfrd O;oLFkk % laifRr dh vo/kkj.kk] JefoHkktu ds lkekftd vk;ke] fofu;e dsizdkj] vkS|ksxhdj.k] uxjhdj.k ,oa lkekftd fodkl] “kfDr dh izd`fr& oS;fDrd] lkeqnkf;d]vfHktuksUeq[k] oxZxr] jktuSfrd lgHkkfxrk ds Lo:i& turkaf=d ,oa fujadq”kA8- /keZ] foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh % vo/kkj.kk] iajijkxr ,oa vk/kqfud lektksa eas /kkfeZd fo”okl ,oa /kkfeZdHkwfedk,a] foKku dk vk/kkj] foKku dk lkekftd mRrjnkf;Ro ,oa fu;a=.k] foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh dslkekftd ifj.kkeA9- tula[;k ,oa lekt % tula[;k dk vkdkj] izo`fRr;kWa] xBu ,oa izokl o`f)] Hkkjr esa tula[;k dhleL;k,a] tula[;k f”k{kkA

Lkekt”kkL= % f}rh; iz”u&i=Hkkjrh; lkekftd O;oLFkk

1- Hkkjrh; lekt ds vk/kkj% ijaijkxr Hkkjrh; lkekftd laxBu&/keZ] deZ dk fla)kUr] vkJe O;oLFkk]iq:’kkFkZ ,oa laLdkjA lkekftd lkaLd`frd xR;kRedrk& ckS)] bLyke rFkk if”pe dk izHkko] fujarjrkrFkk ifjorZu ds mRrjnk;h dkjdA2- Lkkekftd Lrjhdj.k % tkfr O;oLFkk& mRifRr] lkaLd`frd lajpkukRed n`f’V] tkfr ds cnyrsizfreku] tkfr ,oa oxZ] lekurk rFkk lkekftd U;k; laca/kh fopkj] Hkkjr esa d`’kd ,oa vkS|ksfxd oxZ

7- vUrjkZ’Vªh; O;kikj ds fl)kUr &

8- fofue; nj fu/kkZj.k ds fl)kUr] Hkqxrku larqyu lek;kstu %

vFkZ”kkL= & f}rh; iz”ui=Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk

[k.M& d1- vYi fodkl dh ewyHkwr fo”ks’krk,W ,oa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk] jk’Vªh; vk; rFkk izfr O;fDr vk; %

2-

3- vk/kkfjd lajpuk rFkk Hkkjr eas vkfFkZd fodkl&

4-

5- Hkkjrh; d`f’k %

6- Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd fodkl rFkk lajpuk %

7- lsok {ks= rFkk Hkkjr esa fodkl %[k.M & [k

1- Hkkjr esa ekSfnzd laLFkk,Wa&

2-

3- Hkkjr esa fons”kh O;kikj&

4-

5- Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fu;kstu&

6- Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k fodkl rFkk :ikUrj.k &

7- u;h vkfFkZd uhfr&

¼8½ lekt”kkL= % izFke iz”ui=lkekU; lekt”kkL= ¼[k.M&v½

1-

2- lS)kfUrd ifjizs{; %

3- lekt”kkL= ds vxz.kh fopkjd %

4- lkekftd Lrjhdj.k ,oa foHksnhdj.k %

[k.M&c5- fookg] ifjokj rFkk ukrsnkjh %

6- lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa fodkl %

7- vkfFkZd ,oa jktuSfrd O;oLFkk %

8- /keZ] foKku ,oa izkS|ksfxdh %

9- tula[;k ,oa lekt %

Lkekt”kkL= % f}rh; iz”u&i=Hkkjrh; lkekftd O;oLFkk

1- Hkkjrh; lekt ds vk/kkj%

2- Lkkekftd Lrjhdj.k %

Cont...

lajpuk] e/;e oxZ dk mn;] tutkfr;kas esa oxZ] nfyr psruk dk mn~Hko ,oa fodklA3- fookg] ifjokj ,oa ukrsnkjh % fofHkUu u`tkrh; lewgksa esa fookg] bldh cnyrh izo`fRr;ka ,oa Hkfo’;]ifjokj& lajpkukRed ,oa izdk;kZRed igyw] cnyrs izfreku] fookg ,oa ifjokj ij lkekftd fo/kkuksa dkizHkko] ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk esa {ks=h; vUrj ,oa mldk ifjofrZr Lo:iA4- vkfFkZd ,oa jktuSfrd O;oLFkk% ttekuh O;oLFkk] HkwLokfeRo O;oLFkk] Hkwfelq/kkj] mnkjhdj.k ,oaoS”ohdj.k ds lkekftd vkfFkZd ifj.kke] vkfFkZd fodkl ds lkekftd fu/kkZjd] lekos”kh fodkl ,oalrr fodkl] gfjr ØkfUr] turkaf=d jktuhfrd O;oLFkk dh dk;Z iz.kkyh ,oa Lo:i] jktuSfrd ny ,oamudh jpuk] jktuSfrd vfHktuksa dh lajpuk] ifjorZu ,oa mUeq[krk] “kfDr dk fodsUnzhdj.k ,oajktuSfrd lgHkkfxrk] fodkl esa jktuSfrd izHkkoA5- f”k{kk vkSj lekt% ijaijkoknh ,oa vk/kqfud lekt esa f”k{kk ds vk;ke] “kS{kf.kd vlekurk ,oa ifjorZu]f”k{kk ,oa lkekftd xfr”khyrk] lekt ds detksj oxksZ dh f”k{kk dh leL;k;saA6- tutkrh;] xzkeh.k ,oa uxjh; lkekftd laxBu % tutkrh; leqnk;ksa dh fof”k’V fo”ks’krk,a vkSjmudk forj.k] tutkfr ,oa tkfr] ijlaLd`frxzg.k] lkRehdj.k ,oa ,dhdj.k dh izfØ;k,a] tutkfr;ksadh lkekftd leL;k,a vkSj vfLerkA xzkeh.k leqnk; ds lkekftd&lkaLd`frd vk;ke] ijEijkoknh“kfDr lajpuk] tura=hdj.k ,oa usr`Ro] lkeqnkf;d fodkl dk;ZØe ,oa iapk;rhjkt] xzkeh.k :ikUrj.kdh uohu j.kuhfr;kaA uxjh; leqnk;ksa esa ijEijkxr laLFkkvksa dh fujarjrk ,oa ifjorZu ¼ukrsnkjh] tkfr]O;olk; vkfn½ uxjh; leqnk; esa oxZ lajpuk ,oa xfr”khyrk] u`tkrh; fofo/krk ,oa lkeqnkf;d,dhdj.k] uxjh; iM+ksl] xzkeh.k uxjh;&fHkUurk] tukafddh; ,oa lkekftd lkaLd`frd izpyuA7- /keZ vkSj lekt% fofHkUu /kkfeZd lewgks dk vkdkj] o`f) vkSj {ks=h; forj.k] vUrj /kkfeZd vUr% fØ;k,avkSj mldh vfHkO;fDrA /keZ ifjorZu] lkEiznkf;d ruko] /keZ fujis{krk] vYila[;d in rFkk /kkfeZd:f<+okfnRkk dh leL;k;saA8- tula[;k dh xR;kRedrk % fyax] vk;q oSokfgd fLFkfr] iztuurk ,oa e`R;q ds lkekftd lkaLd`frd i{k]tula[;k foLQksV dh leL;k] lkekftd euksoSKkfud lkaLd`frd ,oa vkfFkZdA tukafddh; uhfr ,oaifjokj dY;k.k dk;ZØe] tula[;k o`f) ds fu/kkZjd rRo ,oa ifj.kkeA9- ukjh vkSj lekt% ukjh dk tula[;kRed fooj.k] mudh izfLFkfr esa ifjorZu] fof”k’V leL;k;sa& ngstvR;kpkj] HksnHkko] ukjh ,oa cPpksa ds dY;k.k laca/kh dk;ZØe] ?kjsyw fgalk vf/kfu;e&2005] dk;ZLFky ij;kSu mRihM+u&2013-10- ifjorZu ,oa fodkl ds vk;ke% lkekftd ifjorZu ,oa vk/kqfudhdj.k] lwpd izo`fRr] lkekftdifjorZu ds lzksr&vkUrfjd ,oa ckáA lkekftd ifjorZu dh izfØ;k,a&laLd`frdj.k] if”pehdj.k ,oavk/kqfudhdj.kA ifjorZu ds izsjd&tulapkj] f”k{kk ,oa lEizs'k.kA vk/kqfudhdj.k ,oa fu;ksftr ifjorZudh leL;k;saA fu;kstu dh oSpkfjdh ,oa j.kuhfr] iapo'khZ; ;kstuk,a] xjhch mUewyu ds dk;ZØe]i;kZoj.k] csdkjh vkSj uxjh; fodkl ds dk;ZØe] lkekftd lq/kkj vkUnksyu% d`’kd] fiNM+k oxZ] efgykrFkk nfyr ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ esaA

¼9½ n'kZu”kkL= % izFke iz”u&i=n”kZu”kkL= dk bfrgkl ,oa leL;k;sa

¼[k.M&v½1- IysVks % 2- vjLrw % 3- MsdkVZ%izR;;&fl)kUr] vkdkj] nzO;] dkj.krk] i)fr] vkRek] bZ”oj] eu&”kjhj}Srokn] nzO;] xq.k vkSj i;kZ;] losZ”ojokn] fpn.kq] bZ”oj] 6- YkkWd%4- fLiukstk% 5- ykbcfuRt%Kku&fl)kUr] tUetkr izR;;ksa dk [k.Mu] nzO; ,oa xq.k] vewRrZ izR;; dk [k.Mu] tM+nzO; dk7- cdZys%[k.Mu] ewyxq.k rFkk xkS.kxq.k ds Hksn dk [k.Mu] izR;;okn Kku& fl)kUr] la”k;okn] vkRek]8- áwe %dkj.krk izkxuqHkfod ,oa vuqHkotU; Kku] fo”ys’k.kkRed ,oa la”ys’k.kkRed fu.kZ;]9- dkaV %la”ys’k.kkRed izkxuqHkfod fu.kZ; dh lEHkkouk] ns”k] dky ,oa dksfV;ka] izKk ¼jhtu½ ds izR;; ]bZ”oj&vfLrRo&lk/kd ;qfDr;ksa dh vkykspuk }U}kRed i)fr] fujis{k izR;;okn]10- gsxsy % 11 ¼v½ ewj%lkekU;xr er dk leFkZu] izR;;okn dk [k.Mu o.kZu&fl)kUr] viw.kZ izrhd] rkfdZd11 ¼c½ jlsy %ijek.kqokn] vk.kfod rF;A ljy rdZokD;] vFkZ dk fp=&fl)kUr] dFku ,oa fun”kZu12- foV~xsUlVkbu%dk Hksn lR;kiu fl)kUr] rRoehekalk dk fujlu] vfuok;Z rdZokD;ksa dk Hkk’kk;h13- rkfdZd Hkkookn %fl)kUr gqlyZ&lar`fRr”kkL=h; iz.kkyh] psruk dh fo’k;kis{kkA14- lao`fRr”kkL= % 15- vfLrRookn %¼fddsZxkMZ ,oa lk=Z½& vfLrRo ,oa lkj] LorU=rk ,oa p;u] mRrjnkf;Ro ,oa izkekf.kd vfLrRo] 16-DokWbu % 17- LVªklu %vkewy vuqokn] O;fDr& fl)kUrA

[k.M&c1- pkokZd% 2- tSun”kZu %Kku& fl)kUr] HkkSfrdokn] lr~ dk fl)kUr] L;k}kn rFkk lIrHkaxhu;] cU/ku,oa eks{k] izrhR;leqRikn] {kf.kdokn] uSjkRE;okn] ckS)n”kZu ds lEiznk;]3- ckS)n”kZu % 4- lka[;& ;ksx%izd`fr] iq:’k] dkj.krk&fl)kUr] eks{k] v’Vkax;ksx] fpRrHkwfe] bZ”oj] izek.k] vkRek]5- U;k;&oS”ksf’kd %eks{k] bZ”oj rFkk bZ”oj ds vfLrRo ds fy;s ;qfDr;kWa] inkFkZ] dkj.krk&fl)kUr] ijek.kqokn] 6- ehekalk %Kku& fl)kUr] izek] izek.k] Lor%izek.;okn] “kadj] jkekuqt ,oa e/o&czge] bZ”oj] vkRek]7- osnkUr %tho] txr] ek;k] vfo|k] v/;kl] eks{kA

n”kZu”kkL=% f}rh; iz”u i= ¼lkekftd& jktuSfrd n”kZu ,oa /keZ&n”kZu½¼[k.M&v½

1- lkekftd vkSj jktuSfrd vkn”kZ% lekurk] U;k;] Lora=rk 2- laizHkqrk 3- O;fDr rFkk jkT;] 4- yksdra=%]vo/kkj.kk rFkk izdkj] 5- lektokn rFkk ekDlZokn] 6- ekuookn] 7- /keZfujis{krkookn] 8- cgqlaLd`frokn]9- n.M ds fl)kUr] 10- fgalk] vfgalk] loksZn;] 11- fyax&lekurk] 12- oSKkfud n`f’V ,oa izxfr] 13-ikfjfLFkfrdh&n”kZuA

¼[k.M&c½1- /keZ] /keZ”kkL= rFkk /keZ n”kZu] 2- /keZ rFkk uSfrdrk] 3- bZ”oj fo’k;d vo/kkj.kk;sa % oS;fDrd]voS;fDrd] izd`froknh] 4- bZ”oj ds vfLrRo ds fy, izek.k] 5- vkRek dh vejrk] 6- eks{k] 7- /kkfeZd Kku %cqf)] nsoh izdk'kuk rFkk jgL;okn] 8- bZ”oj foghu /keZ] 9- v”kqHk dh leL;k] 10- /kkfeZd lfg’.kqrkA

¼10½ Hkw& foKku % iz”ui=& izFkelkekU; Hkw& foKku] Hkw vkd`fr] lajpuk Hkw& foKku] thok”e foKku vkSj Lrfjdh

1- lkekU; Hkw& foKku & czg~ek.M dh mRifRrA lkSj e.My ds xzgA i`Foh dh vkarfjd lajpukA “kSyksa dhvk;q fu/kkZj.k dh fofHkUu fof/k;kW ,oa i`Foh dh vk;qA Tokykeq[kh% izdkj] dkj.k] ,oa mRikn] Tokykeq[khifV~V;kW¡A HkwdEi % dkj.k] izHkko ,oa forj.kA }hi pki] leqnzh [kkb;k¡ ,oa e/; egklkxjh; dVd]egk}hih; foLFkkiu] leqnz ry foLrkj.k rFkk IysV foorZfudhA egk}hiksa ,oa egklkxjksa dh mRifRrA2- Hkw& vkd`fr foKku&vi{k; ,oa vijnuA Hkwvkd`frd izfdz;k,a ,oa Hkwvkd`fr pØA mPpkop y{k.k ,oabudk lajpukvksa ,oa vkf’edh ls lEcU/kA Hkkjr ds Hkwvkd`frd y{k.kA izokg iz.kkyh ,oa mudk egRoAok;q] unh] fgeun] leqnzrVh; ,oa dkLVZ izfØ;k,a ,oa LFky:iA3- lajpkukRed HkwfoKku& izfrcy rFkk fod`fr dh vo/kkj.kkA fod`fr lwpdA 2& ,oa 3& foekvksa esafod`fr ,oa mudk HkwoSKkfud egRoA oyu] Hkza”k] ,oa laf/k;ksa dh T;kferh ,oa oxhZdj.kA fo’ke foU;klizdkj ,oa egRoA js[kh; ,oa ryh; lajpuk;sa vkSj mudk egRoA Hkkjr ds izeq[k foorZfud y{k.kA4- thok”e foKku& lw{e& ,oa LFkwy& thok”e] lwpd thok”e] foLFkkfid thok”e ,oa mudk egRoAthok”eksa ds ifjj{k.k dh ifjfLFkfr;k¡A ckbZokYo] xSLVªksikM] ,seksukbM] czSfd;ksikM] VªkbyksckbV] ,fdukbMrFkk izokyksa dh vkd`fr] fodklh; izo`fRr ,oa HkwoSKkfud forj.kA dkykuqØe esa d”ks:dh thouA ?kksM+s ,oagkFkh dk fodklA xksaMokuk ouLifr ,oa mudk thokf’edh; egRoA5- Lrfjdh& Lrfjdh ds fl)kUr] Lrfjdh; oxhZdj.k] ukedj.k] Hkw& oSKkfud dkykuqØeA Hkkjr dsfofHkUu HkwoSKkfud “kSylewgksa dh vkf’edh] forj.k] thok’e/kkfjrk rFkk vkfFkZd egRo ¼/kkjokM+ lqijxzqi]dMIik lqijxzqi] foU/;u lqijxzqi] MsDdu VSªi ,oa f”kokfyd lqijxzqi½A

Hkw&foKku % iz”ui=&f}rh;fØzLVyfoKku] izdk”kh; [kfut foKku] [kfut foKku] “kSy foKku] vkfFkZd Hkw& foKku ,oa

vuqiz;qDr HkwfoKkuA

3- fookg] ifjokj ,oa ukrsnkjh %

4- vkfFkZd ,oa jktuSfrd O;oLFkk%

5- f”k{kk vkSj lekt%

6- tutkrh;] xzkeh.k ,oa uxjh; lkekftd laxBu %

7- /keZ vkSj lekt%

8- tula[;k dh xR;kRedrk %

9- ukjh vkSj lekt%

10- ifjorZu ,oa fodkl ds vk;ke%

¼9½ n'kZu”kkL= % izFke iz”u&i=n”kZu”kkL= dk bfrgkl ,oa leL;k;sa

¼[k.M&v½1- IysVks % 2- vjLrw % 3- MsdkVZ%

4- fLiukstk% 5- ykbcfuRt%7- cdZys%

8- áwe %9- dkaV %

10- gsxsy % 11 ¼v½ ewj%11 ¼c½ jlsy %

12- foV~xsUlVkbu%13- rkfdZd Hkkookn %14- lao`fRr”kkL= % 15- vfLrRookn %

16-DokWbu % 17- LVªklu %

[k.M&c1- pkokZd% 2- tSun”kZu %

3- ckS)n”kZu % 4- lka[;& ;ksx%5- U;k;&oS”ksf’kd %

6- ehekalk %7- osnkUr %

n”kZu”kkL=% f}rh; iz”u i= ¼lkekftd& jktuSfrd n”kZu ,oa /keZ&n”kZu½¼[k.M&v½

1- lkekftd vkSj jktuSfrd vkn”kZ% lekurk] U;k;] Lora=rk 2- laizHkqrk 3- O;fDr rFkk jkT;] 4- yksdra=%vo/kkj.kk rFkk izdkj] 5- lektokn rFkk ekDlZokn] 6- ekuookn] 7- /keZfujis{krkookn] 8- cgqlaLd`frokn]9- n.M ds fl)kUr] 10- fgalk] vfgalk] loksZn;] 11- fyax&lekurk] 12- oSKkfud n`f’V ,oa izxfr] 13-ikfjfLFkfrdh&n”kZuA

¼[k.M&c½1- /keZ] /keZ”kkL= rFkk /keZ n”kZu] 2- /keZ rFkk uSfrdrk] 3- bZ”oj fo’k;d vo/kkj.kk;sa % oS;fDrd]voS;fDrd] izd`froknh] 4- bZ”oj ds vfLrRo ds fy, izek.k] 5- vkRek dh vejrk] 6- eks{k] 7- /kkfeZd Kku %cqf)] nsoh izdk'kuk rFkk jgL;okn] 8- bZ”oj foghu /keZ] 9- v”kqHk dh leL;k] 10- /kkfeZd lfg’.kqrkA

¼10½ Hkw& foKku % iz”ui=& izFkelkekU; Hkw& foKku] Hkw vkd`fr] lajpuk Hkw& foKku] thok”e foKku vkSj Lrfjdh

1- lkekU; Hkw& foKku &

2- Hkw& vkd`fr foKku&

3- lajpkukRed HkwfoKku&

4- thok”e foKku&

5- Lrfjdh&

Hkw&foKku % iz”ui=&f}rh;fØzLVyfoKku] izdk”kh; [kfut foKku] [kfut foKku] “kSy foKku] vkfFkZd Hkw& foKku ,oa

vuqiz;qDr HkwfoKkuA

1- fØLVy foKku& fØLVyh; ,oa vfØLVyh; Bksl] f=foe lewg] tkydA fØLVyksa dk 32 lefefr oxksZesa oxhZdj.kA feyj] okbl] gjeu& ekSxsu izrhdA v{kh;] vfHky{k.kA ?kuh;] VSVªkxksuy] gsDlkxksuy]vkFkksZjksfEcd] ,dukrk{k] ,df=urk{k lewgksa ds lkekU; oxZ ds lefefr vo;o ,oa vkd`fr;kaA ;eyu ,oa;eyu fu;eA fØLVy folaxfr;k¡A fØLVy foKku esa ,Dljs foorZu dk vuqiz;ksxA2- izdk”kh; [kfut foKku& izdkf”kdh ds lkekU; fl)kUrA lenSf”kdrk rFkk vlenSf”kdrkA lkekU;iksysjkbTM izdk”k ,oa Økl iksylZ esa [kfutksa ds izdk'kh; xq.kA izdk”kh; b.MhdsfVªDlA3- [kfut foKku& fØLVy jlk;u ds vo;oA [kfutksa esa izdh.kZuA ca/kksa ds izdkj] vk;ksfud f=T;k]leUo; la[;k] le:firk] cgq:firk rFkk dwV:firkA flfydsVksa dk lajpukRed oxhZdj.kA “kSyfuekZ.kdkjh [kfutksa ds HkkSfrd] jklk;u ,oa izdk”kh; xq.kksa dk v/;;u ¼vksyhfou] ,EQhcksy] QsYMLikj]QsYM~LiSFkk;M] DokVZ~t xkusZV] ekbdk rFkk ,Y;wfeuksa& flfydsV½A4- “kSy foKku& eSXek& mRifRr rFkk HkkSfrd xq.kA ,d&nks&,oa rhu& dEiksusUV Qst] Mk;xzkeAvYckbV& ,uksFkkZbV] isfjDyst&flfydk] Mk;IlkbM& vYckbV&,uksFkkZbV izØe ,oa mudh mi;ksfxrkAckosu dk vfHkfØ;k fl)kUrA eSXeh; foHksnu rFkk Lokaxhdj.kA vkXus; “kSyksa dk xBu] lajpuk rFkkoxhZdj.kA Hkkjrh; mnkgj.kksa ds lkFk xzsukbV] cslkYV] vYdykbu] vYVªkeSfdd] ,ukFkksZlkbV ,oapkuksZdkbV vkXus; “kSyksa dk v/;;uA volknh “kSyksa ds fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k,aA Mk;tsusfll rFkkfyfFkfQds”kuA volknh “kSyksa dk xBu ,oa lajpuk rFkk mudk egRoA volknh “kSyksa dk oxhZdj.kADykLVhd ,oa uku DykLVhdA Hkkjh [kfut rFkk mudk egRoA fu{ksi i;kZoj.k] volknh lay{k.kh rFkkmnxe {ks= dh izkjfEHkd vo/kkj.kk,aA volknh “kSyksa dh “kSy o.kZuk ¼dkaXyksesjsV] czsfD”k;k] lS.MLVksu]vkdksZt] xzsosd] “ksy] ykbeLVksu ,oa ch0,p0D;w0A osUVoFkZ iSekukA dk;kUrjh izfdz;k;sa rFkk dk;karj.k dsizdkj] dk;kUrj.k dh dksfV;ka] tksu rFkk lay{k.kh] rFkk vkjs[kA dk;karfjr “kSyksa dkACF, AKF AFM

xBu] lajpuk rFkk ukedj.kA izeq[k dk;Urfjr “kSyksa dh “kSy o.kZuk rFkk “kSy tuuA ft;ksykbV]xzhuf”kLV] ,EQhcksykbV] xzSuqykbV ,oa bDyksxkbV lay{kf.k;ksa dk fooj.kA5- vkfFkZd HkwfoKku &v;Ld [kfut] xSax rFkk VsujA [kfut fu{ksiksa ds fuekZ.k dh izfdz;k,aA v;Ldlagfr;ksa dh vkd`fr ,oa lajpukA v;Ld fu{ksiksa dk oxhZdj.kA v;Ld LFkkuhdj.k ds fu;=a.kAesVSykstsuhA /kkfRod ,oa v/kkfRod [kfut fu{ksiksa dk v/;;uA Hkkjr ds rsy] izkd`frd xSl ,oa dks;yk{ks=ksa dk v/;;uA mRrj izns”k dh [kfut lEinkA [kfut vFkZ”kkL=] jk’Vªh; [kfut uhfr] [kfutksa dklaj{k.k rFkk mi;ksfxrkA6- vuqiz;qDr HkwfoKku& iwosZ{k.k ,oa vUos'k.k rduhdh dh ewy vko”;drk,aA [kuu ds izeq[k fl)kUrAlSaifyax] [kfut lTthdj.kA vfHk;U=.k dk;ksZ] cka/k] lqjax] lsrq rFkk lM+dksa gsrq HkwoSKkfuddlkSfV;kWA e`nk foKku ,oa Hkwty foKku ds ewy rRoA ,fj;y QksVks rFkk mixzg fp=ksa dkHkwoSKkfud vUos'k.kks a esa mi;ksxA

¼11½ euksfoKku izFke iz”u&i=ewyHkwr euksoSKkfud izØe

1- euksfoKku % ifjp;] fo’k; oLrq] foKku esa euksfoKku dk LFkku] lS)kfUrd mikxe]mn~nhiu&vuqfØ;k] ekuorkoknh] laKkukRed ,oa lwpuk izØe.kA2- fof/k;kWa % iznRr ladyu dh fof/k;kW] izd`froknh fujh{k.k rFkk lk{kkRdkj] O;fDro`Rr] ijh{k.k] ekifu;karFkk iz”ukoyhA3- O;ogkj ds tSfod vk/kkj % dsUnzh;] ifj/kh; rFkk Lok;Rr rfU=dk&ra= dh :i js[kk] efLr’d dsizdk;ksZ dk LFkkuhdj.k] izefLr’dh; xksyk/kksZ dh fof”k’Vrk,a] raf=dk vkosx ,oa mudk laogu] lxzkgdksadh O;oLFkk] vUr%L=koh rU= ,oa “kkjhfjd o`f) ,oa O;fDrRo fuekZ.k esa mldh HkwfedkA4- O;ogkj dh mRifRr rFkk fodkl % iztuukRed vk/kkj] i;kZoj.kh; dkjd] ckyiks’k.k] oapu] lkaLd`frddkjd] is'kh; rFkk dkS”ky fodkl] Hkk’kk fodklA5- vo/kku ,oa izR;{kijd izfØ;k,a % Dykfldh euksHkkSfrdh rFkk ladsr laKkiu fl)kUr] vo/kkukRedizfØ;k,a] p;ukRed vo/kku rFkk la?k`r vo/kku] izkR;f{kd laxBu] vkd`fr] o.kZ rFkk xgjkbZ ds izR;{k.k]izR;{kijd LFkS;Z] fLFkjrk& vfLFkjrk fojks/kkHkkl] izR;{kijd laosnu”khyrk rFkk izR;{kkRed lqj{kk%dsUnzh; fu/kkZjdA6- vf/kxe izfØ;k,a% vuqcU/ku% Dykfldh] uSfefDrd ,oa izs{k.kkRed] okfpd vf/kxe] fof/k;kWa ,oa izØe]foyksiu] foHksnu rFkk lkekU;hdj.kA7- Le`fr % dwVladsru& lajpukRed] /oU;kRed rFkk “kCnkFkZ fo’k;d }Sr dwV ladsru] laosnh] Le`fr]vYidkfyd] nh?kZdkfyd Le`fr] o`RrkRed] “kCnkFkZ fo’k;d rFkk izfdz;kRed] jpukRedrk Le`fr] foLej.k%ds fl)kUrA8- leL;k lek/kku] rdZuk rFkk fpUru % leL;k lek/kku ds izØe rFkk fu/kkZjd vkxeukRed rFkkfuxeukRed] rdZuk] ifjdYiuk ijh{k.k] Hkk’kk rFkk fopkj.k] g~oksfQZ;u fopkj rFkk mudh lekykspuk]fpUru esa lwpuk izØe.kA9- laosx % Lo:i rFkk fodkl] laosx ds fl)kUr&nSfgd] laKkRed rFkk fojks/kh izØe] laosx ds ladsrd]laosxksa dh igpkuA10- vfHkizsj.k % vfHkizsfjr O;ogkjksa ds ekunaM] vfHkizsj.kk] izØe ,oa izdkj] vfHkizsj.kk dk ekiu] cfgjLFkcuke vUrLFk vfHkizsj.kkA11- euksoSKkfud izdk;ksZ esa oS;fDrd fofHkUuk;sa % lkekU; ekufld ;ksX;rk % lS)kfUrd mikxe% fLijeSu]FklZVu] fxyQMZ] tsUlu ouZu] LVuZoxZ vkSj ts0ih0 nkl rFkk fi;kts] l`tu”khyrk rFkk l`tukRedfpUruA

euksfoKku f}rh; iz”u&i=vuqiz;qDr ifjizs{; esa euksfoKku

1- vuqiz;qDr foKku ds :i esa euksfoKku % vuqiz;qDr cuke ewyHkwr foKku] euksfoKku dk Lo:i ,oa{ks=&lkekftd] lkeqnkf;d] vkS|ksfxd] fo|ky;h] LokLF; rFkk i;kZoj.kh;A2- oS;fDrd fHkUurk;sa ,oa ekiu % O;fDrxr fHkUurkvksa dk Lo:i ,oa lzksr] euksfoKkfud ekiuhdj.kijh{k.k fuekZ.k ,oa ekudhdj.k] fo”oluh;rk ,oa oS/krk] ekud ØkWl oS/khdj.kA3- O;fDrRo ewY;kadu % O;fDrRo ewY;kadu ds eqn~ns] vkRe vfHkys[k eki] iz{ksi rduhd] vuqfØ;k “kSfy;ka]Vh , Vh] jks”kkdZ rFkk ,e0,e0ih0vkbZ0] tSls egRoiw.kZ ekidksa ls ifjp;A4- euksoSKkfud fod`fr;ka ,oa ekufld LokLF; % ekufld fod`fr;ksa dk oxhZdj.k ¼Mh ,l ,e prqFkZ½euksLuk;qfod] euksfonyu ,oa euksnSfgd fod`fr;ksa ds y{k.k ,oa mudh mRifRr] izfrcy dk izokj.k ,oaekufld LokLF;A5- lkekftd leL;k ,oa euksfoKku% vfHko`fRr ,oa iwokZxzg% laKkukRed ,oa vfHkizs.kkRed lzksr] lkekftdiwokZxzg dk fuokj.k] lkekftd vUr}ZU}% dkj.k ,oa lek/kkuA6- lkekftd izHkko% izHkko] fu;a=.k rFkk “kfDr] izHkko ds vk/kkj] lkekftd lqxehdj.k lewgksa ds usr`Rofu’iknu easa lewg lEcU/kh dkjdA7- m|ksxksa ,oa laxBuksa esa euksfoKku % deZpkjh p;u] izf”k{k.k ,oa fu’iknu vkdyu] lad`R; lEcU/khvfHko`fRr;ksa ,oa O;ogkj] laxBuksa esa vfHkizsj.kkRed la:i] laxBukRed laizs’k.k] laxBukRedizHkkoksRikndrkA8- “kS{kf.kd ifjizs{; esa euksfoKku % fo|ky; lkekthdj.k ds vfHkdrkZ ds :i esa] fo|kyh; cPpksa dkvf/kxe] vfHkizsj.kk rFkk laosfxd leL;k,a] “kS{kf.kd miyfC/k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] “kS{kf.kdfu’iknu esa lq/kkj gsrq gLr{ksi] fof”k’V Js.kh ds cPpksa dh f”k{kkA9- uSnkfud ifjizs{; esa euksfoKku% euksfpfdRlk dk Lo:i ,oa y{;] euksfo'ys’.kkRed O;fDr dsfUnzrfpfdRlk] lewg rFkk O;ogkj euksfpfdRlk,a] lkeqnkf;d ekufld LokLF;] chekjh jksd&Fkke ,oa LokLF;

1- fØLVy foKku&

2- izdk”kh; [kfut foKku&

3- [kfut foKku&

4- “kSy foKku&

5- vkfFkZd HkwfoKku &

6- vuqiz;qDr HkwfoKku&

¼11½ euksfoKku izFke iz”u&i=ewyHkwr euksoSKkfud izØe

1- euksfoKku %

2- fof/k;kWa %

3- O;ogkj ds tSfod vk/kkj %

4- O;ogkj dh mRifRr rFkk fodkl %

5- vo/kku ,oa izR;{kijd izfØ;k,a %

6- vf/kxe izfØ;k,a% vuqcU/ku%

7- Le`fr % dwVladsru&

8- leL;k lek/kku] rdZuk rFkk fpUru %

9- laosx % Lo:i rFkk fodkl] laosx ds fl)kUr&

10- vfHkizsj.k %

11- euksoSKkfud izdk;ksZ esa oS;fDrd fofHkUuk;sa %

euksfoKku f}rh; iz”u&i=vuqiz;qDr ifjizs{; esa euksfoKku

1- vuqiz;qDr foKku ds :i esa euksfoKku %

2- oS;fDrd fHkUurk;sa ,oa ekiu %

3- O;fDrRo ewY;kadu %

4- euksoSKkfud fod`fr;ka ,oa ekufld LokLF; %

5- lkekftd leL;k ,oa euksfoKku%

6- lkekftd izHkko%

7- m|ksxksa ,oa laxBuksa esa euksfoKku %

8- “kS{kf.kd ifjizs{; esa euksfoKku %

9- uSnkfud ifjizs{; esa euksfoKku%

Cont...

izorZuA10- i;kZoj.kh; euksfoKku % O;ogkj esa i;kZoj.k dh Hkwfedk] oS;fDrd LFkku] /ofu iznw’k.k] HkhM+ rFkkok;qe.Myh; iznw’k.k dk izHkko] fu’ks/kkRed izHkkoksa dks de djus gsrq gLr{ksiA

¼12½ ouLifr foKku % izFke iz”u&i=lw{e tho foKku] jksx foKku] ikni fofo/krk rFkk vkd`fr tuu

1- lw{ethoh foKku& lw{etho fofo/krk] ok;q ty rFkk e`nk lw{e foKku dk izkjafHkd Kku] lw{etholaØe.k rFkk jks/k {kerk foKku dk lkekU; fooj.k] d`f’k] m|ksx] vkS’kf/k rFkk i;kZoj.k ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ esalw{etho foKku ds vuqiz;ksxA2- ikni jksx foKku& laØe.k dh fof/k] cpko izfØ;k] ikni chekfj;ksa dk jksd&Fkke fo’kk.kq] thok.kq dodrFkk xksyd`fe }kjk mRiUu egRoiw.kZ ikni jksx% rEckdw dk ekstSd] iihrs dh ifRr;ksa dk dyZ] flVªyoSâdj] xsgwWa dk jLV] tkS dk LeV] vkyw dk fiNSrh vaxekjh] xUus dk yky foxyu] xsgwW dh b;j dkdy]cktjk dk bjxV] /kfu;k dk LVse xky vjgj dh Eykfu ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ esaA3- ikni fofo/krk& fo’kk.kq thok.kq] “kSoky dod] czk;ksQkbVk] VsfjMksQkbVk rFkk vuko`rchth thok”elfgr dk oxhZdj.k] lajpuk] iztuu] thou pØ rFkk vkfFkZd egRoA4- vkdkfjdh %& tM+] ruk] iRrh] Qy] Qwy dh vkdkfjdh] f}rh;d o`f)A5- Hkzw.k foKku& y?kq chtk.kq/kkuh] y?kqchtk.kqtuu] uj;qXedksfn~Hkn] xq: chtk.kq /kkuh] xq: chtk.kq tuurFkk eknk& ;qXedksfn~Hkn fu’kspu] H:.k rFkk Hkzw.kiks'k dk fodklA6- oxhZdj.k& oxhZdj.k ds fl)kUr] vko`rchth ds oxhZdj.k dh i)fr;kWa ¼ csUFke ,oa gwdj] r[rktku½ouLifrd ukedj.k ds fu;e] dheksVsDlkukeh] jSuudqyslh] eSxzksfy;slh] czSfldslh] ekyoslh] Qscslh]jkstslh] ,fi;slh] dqdjfcVslh] ,LVsjslh] :ch,slh] ,ikslkbuslh lksyuslh] ,sdSuFkslh] ochZuslh] ySfeuslh];wQksacksa;slh] ,jhdslh] vkWfdZMslh] iks,lhA7- vkd`fr tuu& lglEcU/k] /kqfork] lefefrr] iw.kZ”kfDrrk] Årdks ,oe~ vaxks dk foHksnu rFkkiqu:Riknu dksf”kdk] Ård] vax rFkk thonzO;d lac)Zu dh fof/k;ka vkSj vuqiz;ksxA lksekDyksuyfofHkUurk dkf;d ladj rFkk dksf”kdk nzO; ladjA

ouLifr foKku % f}rh;& iz”u i=dksf”kdk tho foKku] vuqoaf”kdh dkf;Zdh] tSo jlk;u] ifjfLFkfrdh rFkk vkfFkZd ouLifr foKku

1- dksf”kdk tho foKku& dksf”kdk thou dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Z dh bdkbZ ds :i esa vlhe dsUnzhdh rFkklalhe dsUnzhdh dksf”kdkvksa dh vfrlw{e lajpuk] IykTek] f>Yyh] ,.MksIykfTed jsfVdqye] gfjr yod]ekbVksdkWf.Mª;k jkbckslkse] xkYthdk; rFkk dsUnzd dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Z] dksf”kdk pØ dk foLr`rv/;;u] lq=h ,oe~ v)lw=h foHkktu xq.klq=ksa esas la[;kRed ,oe~ jpukRed ifjorZu rFkk muds dksf”kdkfoKkfud rFkk vkuqoaf”kd izHkkoA2- vkuqoaf”kdh& es.Msy ds oa”kkxfr ds fu;e] thuksa dh vU;ksU; v/kkeu fØ;k] lgyXurk rFkk thufofu;e] dodksa] thok.kqvksa vkSj fo'kk.kqvksa esa vkuqoaf”kd iqu;ksZtu] thu izfrfp=.k] fyax lgyXurk fyaxfu/kkZj.k dksf”kdk nzO;h; oa”kkxr] ikYtehMl vuqokaf”kdh rFkk thu dh ladYiuk vkuqoaf”kdh dksMA3- vk.kfod vkuqoaf”kdh & Mh ,u , vkuqoaf”kd inkFkZ ds :i esa Mh ,u , dh lajpuk rFkk izfrd`fr] izksVhula”ys’k.k esa U;wDyhf;d vEyksa dk dk;ZHkkj ¼VªkUlfØI”ku rFkk VªkUlys”ku½ vkSj thu vfHkO;fDr dkfofu;eu] mRifjorZu vkSj fodkl] Mh ,u , fod`r ,oe~ lq/kkj thu izo/kZu] thu iquZfoU;kl vkSjvkWUdksthuA vkuqoaf”kd vfHk;kaf=dh% jsfLVªD”ku ,Utkbe] dyksfuax thu okgd ¼PBR-322, PT1

ysEcMk&Qkt½ iqulZ;ksftr Mh ,u , thu LFkkuUrj.k] vkuqoaf”kd vfHk;kaf=dh dk ekuo dY;k.k esavuqiz;ksxA4- dkf;Zdh vkSj tSo jlk;u& ikniksa dk tylaca/k] vo'kks’k.k] ty laogu vkSj ok’iksRltZu] [kfut iks’k.kvkSj vk;u vfHkxeu] izdk”k] la'ysf’kr inkFkksZ a dk LFkkukUrj.k] vko”;d ekbØks rFkk eSØks rRo vkSjmuds dk;ZA dkcksZgkbMªsV~l dh jlk;fudh vkSj oxhZdj.k] izdk”k la”ys’k.k% fØ;k fof/k] izdk”kla”ys’k.k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] rFkk pØ izdk”k “olu] izfd.o rFkk lgizfd.o]C3 C4

izfd.o dh fØ;k fof/k] xkSM+ miiph ¼,YdsykW;M] LVhjkW;M] VihaUl] fyfiM~½ ikni “olu rFkkfd.ou] ukbVªkstu ;kSfxdhdj.k rFkk ukbVªkstu miip;] izksVhu dh lajpuk vkSj la”ys’k.k] iknio`f) xfr;ka rFkk th.kZrk] o`f) gkWjeksu] o`f) fofu;eu vkSj mudh jklk;fud izd`fr d`f’k ,oe~m|ku d`f’k esa mudk dk;ZHkkj vkSj egRo] iq’iu dh dkf;Zdh] ySfxad vfu'ksP;rk] cht dk vadqj.kvkSj izlqfIrA5- ikfjfLFkfrdh & ikfjfLFkfrdh dk foLrkj] ifjfLFkfrdh dkjd] ikni leqnk; vkSj ikni vuqØe.k]thoe.My dh ladYiuk] vtSfod vkSj tSfod ?kVd] ifjfLFkfr ra= lajpuk vkSj dk;Z] ifjfLFkfrra= esaÅtkZ dk izokgA ikfjfLFkfrdh dh vuqiz;ksfxd vfHkeq[krk;sa& izkd`frd laink vkSj mldk laj{k.kladVkiUu vkSj fo”ks’k {ks=h VSDlk] iznq’k.k vkSj mldk fu;a=.kA6- vkfFkZd ouLifr foKku & ikniksa dk Hkkstu] rUrq fVEcj] vkS’k|] jcj] is; inkFkZ] elkys] jsftu vkSjxksan jatd] ok’i”khy rsy] dhVuk”kh tSo moZjd] vydkjd ikni] ÅtkZjksi.k rFkk isVªks'kL; ds L+=ksrds :i esaA

¼13½ fof/k izFke iz”u&i=¼[k.M&v½ laoS/kkfud fof/k ,oa iz”kklfud fof/k

1- lafo/kku lkafo/kkfud fof/k] lkafo/kkfud ifjikfV;kWa] lafo/kkuokn2- Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ds eq[; rRo rFkk izd`fr3- la?kokn] v/;{kh; cuke lalnh; izdkj dh ljdkj] “kfDr i`FkDdj.k dk fl)kUr] fof/k dk “kklu4- ekSfyd vf/kdkj% izd`fr rFkk jkT; ds uhfr funs”kd rRo ,oa ekSfyd nkf;Roksa ls lEcU/kA ekSfydvf/kdkj rFkk ekuokf/kdkj fof”k’Vr%] lerk dk vf/kdkj] Hkk’k.k ,oa vfHkO;fDr dh Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj]izk.k ,oa nSfgd Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj] /keZ] laLd`fr ,oa f”k{kk laca/kh vf/kdkj] lkafo/kkfud mipkj dkvf/kdkj] lwpuk dk vf/kdkj] fu%”kqYd rFkk vfuok;Z f”k{kk dk vf/kdkj] efgykvksa rFkk cPpksa ds vf/kdkj5- jk’Vªifr dh lkafo/kkfud fLFkfr rFkk eaf=ifj’kn ls mlds lEcU/k] jkT;iky dh lkafo/kkfud fLFkfr rFkkmldh “kfDr;kWa6- mPpre U;k;ky; rFkk mPp U;k;ky;% mudh “kfDr;kWa rFkk vf/kdkfjrk] tufgrokn7- la?k rFkk jkT;ksa ds e/; fo/kk;h “kfDr;ksa dk forj.k] la?k] jkT;ksa rFkk Lok;Rr laLFkkvksa ds iz”kklfud,oa foRrh; lEcU/kA8- uSlfxZd U;k; ds fl)kUr% mHkjrs vk;ke rFkk U;kf;d izo`fRr;kWaA9- izR;k;ksftr fo/kku] bldh lkafo/kkfudrk rFkk bl ij U;kf;d ,oa fo/kk;h fu;a=.kA10- la?k rFkk jkT;ksa ds v/khu lsok;sa% fu;qfDr;kW] lsok “krsZ rFkk lkafo/kkfud lqj{kkA la?k yksd lsok vk;ksxrFkk jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx% dk;Z rFkk “kfDr;kWa11- vkikr micU/k12- fuokZpu vk;ksx dk;Z RkFkk “kfDr;kWa13- lalnh; fo”ks’kkf/kdkj ,oa mUeqfDr;kWa14- lafo/kku dk la”kks/ku15- vEcqM~leSu% yksdiky] yksd vk;qDr bR;kfn

¼[k.M&c½ vUrjkZ’Vªh; fof/k1- vUrjkZ’Vªh; fof/k dh izd`frA

10- i;kZoj.kh; euksfoKku %

¼12½ ouLifr foKku % izFke iz”u&i=lw{e tho foKku] jksx foKku] ikni fofo/krk rFkk vkd`fr tuu

1- lw{ethoh foKku&

2- ikni jksx foKku&

3- ikni fofo/krk&

4- vkdkfjdh %&5- Hkzw.k foKku&

6- oxhZdj.k&

7- vkd`fr tuu&

ouLifr foKku % f}rh;& iz”u i=dksf”kdk tho foKku] vuqoaf”kdh dkf;Zdh] tSo jlk;u] ifjfLFkfrdh rFkk vkfFkZd ouLifr foKku

1- dksf”kdk tho foKku&

2- vkuqoaf”kdh&

3- vk.kfod vkuqoaf”kdh &

4- dkf;Zdh vkSj tSo jlk;u&

5- ikfjfLFkfrdh &

6- vkfFkZd ouLifr foKku &

¼13½ fof/k izFke iz”u&i=¼[k.M&v½ laoS/kkfud fof/k ,oa iz”kklfud fof/k

1-2-3-4- ekSfyd vf/kdkj%

5-

6- mPpre U;k;ky; rFkk mPp U;k;ky;%7-

8- uSlfxZd U;k; ds fl)kUr%9-10- la?k rFkk jkT;ksa ds v/khu lsok;sa%

11-12-13-14-15- vEcqM~leSu%

¼[k.M&c½ vUrjkZ’Vªh; fof/k1-

2- lzksr% laf/k] :f<+ lH; jk’Vªksa }kjk ekU;rk izkIr fof/k ds lk/kkj.k fl}kUr] fof/k fu/kkZj.k ds fy;sleuq'kaxh lk/kuA3- vUrjkZ’Vªh; fof/k vkSj jk’Vªh; fof/k ds chp lEcU/k] Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa vUrjkZ’Vªh; “kkfUr ,oa lqj{kk dkifjo/kZu vkSj vUrjkZ’Vªh; djkjksa dks izHkkoh djus lEcU/kh fo/kk;u ds micU/kA4- jkT; ekU;rk vkSj jkT; mRrjkf/kdkjA5- jkT;ksa ds jkT; {ks=% vtZu vkSj [kksus dh jhfr;kaA6- leqnz% vUrnsZ”kh; ty ekxZ] {ks=h; lehiLr {ks=] egk}hih; mirV] vuU; vkfFkZd ifj{ks= rFkk jk’Vªh;vf/kdkfjrk ls ijs leqnzA7- vkdk”kh; {ks= rFkk foeku lapkyuA8- okg~; vUrfj{k% okg~; vUrfj{k dh [kkst rFkk mi;ksxA9- O;fDr] jk’Vªh;rk] jkT;ghurk] vUrjkZ’Vªh; ekuokf/kdkjoknh fof/k ds ekSfyd fl)kUr&vUrjkZ’Vªh;izlafonk;sa vkSj lelkef;d fodkl] ekuokf/kdkj vkSj jk’Vªh; fof/k esa bldk izorZu&jk’Vªh; ekuovf/kdkj vk;ksx10- jkT;ksa dh vf/kdkfjrk] vf/kdkfjrk dk vk/kkj] vf/kdkfjrk ls mUeqfDrA11- izR;iZ.k rFkk vkJ;A12- jktuf;d rFkk dklqayh; izfrfuf/kA13- laf/k;kWa % fuekZ.k mi;kstu rFkk i;ZolkuA14- jkT; mRrjnkf;RoA15- la;qDr jk’Vª mn~ns”; vkSj fl)kUr] izeq[k vax] mudh “kfDr;ka vkSj dk;ZA16- vUrjkZ’Vªh; fooknksa ds “kkfUriw.kZ fuiVkjs dh jhfr;kaA17- cy dk fof/kiw.kZ voyEc% vkØe.k] vkRej{kk vkSj gLr{ksiA18- ijek.kq vL=ksa ds iz;ksx dh oS/krk] ijek.kq vkSj jklk;fud vL=ksa ds ijh{k.k ij jksd] ijek.koh;vizlkj lfU/k] lh0Vh0,l0Vh0A19- vUrjkZ’Vªh; vkradokn] jkT; izofrZr vkradokn] vUrjkZ’Vªh; vkijkf/kd U;k;ky;20- uo vUrjkZ’Vªh; vkfFkZd O;oLFkk vkSj ekSfnzd fof/k% fo”o O;kikj laxBu] Vh0vkj0vkbZ0ih0,l0] xSV]vUrjkZ’Vªh; eqnzk dks’k vkSj fo”o cSad

fof/k% f}rh;&iz”u&i=vijk/k dh ladYiuk] vko”;d RkRo] vijk/k dh rS;kjh ,oa iz;Ru¼d½ vijk/k fof/k & ¼v½ ¼c½

Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrkA1- Lkk/kkj.k viokn]A2- Lka;qDr ,oa vkUof;d nkf;RoA3- nq’izsj.kA4- vkijkf/kd 'kM+;a=A5- jkT; ds fo:) vijk/kA6- yksd “kkafr ds fo:) vijk/kA7- ekuo “kjhj ds fo:) vijk/kA8- laifRr ds fo:) vijk/kA9- efgykvksa ds fo:) vijk/kA10- ekugkfuA11- flfoy vf/kdkj laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1955A12- Hkz’Vkpkj fujks/kd vf/kfu;e 1988A¼[k½ vid`R; fof/k&1- vid`R;&nkf;Ro dh izd`frA2- nks’k ij vk/kkfjr nkf;Ro ,oa dBksj nkf;RoA3- lkafof/kd nkf;RoA4- jkT; nkf;Ro lfgr izfrfufgr nkf;RoA5- lkekU; izfrj{kkA6- la;qDr vid`R; drkZA7- mis{kkA8- mipkjA9- ekugkfuA10- mirki ¼U;wlsal½A11- 'kM+;a=A12- feF;k dkjkokl rFkk fo}s'kiw.kZ vfHk;kstuA¼x½ lafonk fof/k ,oa okf.kfT;d fof/k&1- lafonk dk Lo:i vkSj fuekZ.k@bZ&lafonkA2- ekud :IlafonkA3- lEefr nwf’kr djus okys dkjdA4- “kwU;] “kwU;dj.kh;] voS/k vkSj vizorZuh; lafonk;saA5- lafonkvksa dk vuqikyuA6- lafonkRed nkf;Ro dk mUekspuA7- lafonk uSjk’;A8- lafonk dYiA9- lafonk Hkax ds fo:) mipkjA10- {kfriwfrZ ¼bUMsfeuVh½] xkjaVh ,oa chek lafonkA11- vfHkdj.k dh lafonkA12- eky fodz; rFkk voØ; ¼gk;j ijpst½A13- Hkkxhnkj dk fuekZ.k] nkf;Ro rFkk fo?kVuA14- ijØkE; fyf[kr vf/kfu;e] 1881A¼?k½ ledkyhu fof/kd fodkl&1- tufgr ;kfpdk dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk Ik;kZoj.k fof/kA2- lwpuk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e & 2005A3- oSdfYid fookn lek/kku&ladYiuk] izdkj@laHkkouk,aA4- izfr;ksfxrk fof/k ds y{;] mn~ns”; rFkk eq[; fo”ks’krk,aA5- vfHkopu lkSnkA6- lwpuk izkS|ksfxd vf/kfu;e&2000 ds vUrxZr nhokuh nkf;Ro ¼/kkjk;sa 43 ls 64½ rFkk vkijkf/kd nkf;Ro¼/kkjk,sa 65 ls 75½A

2- lzksr%

3-

4-5- jkT;ksa ds jkT; {ks=%6- leqnz%

7-8- okg~; vUrfj{k%9-

10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17- cy dk fof/kiw.kZ voyEc%18-

19-20- uo vUrjkZ’Vªh; vkfFkZd O;oLFkk vkSj ekSfnzd fof/k%

fof/k% f}rh;&iz”u&i=¼d½ vijk/k fof/k & ¼v½ ¼c½

1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-¼[k½ vid`R; fof/k&1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-¼x½ lafonk fof/k ,oa okf.kfT;d fof/k&1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-¼?k½ ledkyhu fof/kd fodkl&1-2-3-4-5-6-

¼14½ i'kqikyu ,oa i”kqfpfdRlk foKku%izFke iz”u&i=

¼Hkkx&v½¼v½ i'kq iks’k.k % jkseUFkh ,oa vjkseUFkh i”kqvksa esa ikpu fdz;k] iks’kd rRokas dh nqX/k mRiknu ds fy;svko”;drk;sa] iks’kd rRo ,oa muds i”kq “kjhj esa dk;Z] [kk| inkFkksZ dk oxhZdj.k] [kk| ekud] vkgkj dsfl)kUr vkSj larqfyr vkgkj dh x.kuk] lkbZyst ,oa ^gs* ds :i esa pkjksa dk laj{k.k] fuEu xq.koRrk okyspkjksa dk mipkj] ikpu fdz;k esa fodjksa dk dk;Z] egRo] [kfut iks’k.k% i”kqvksa ds fy;s [kfut dk lzksr]dk;Z] deh ds y{k.k o vko”;drk,a] fcVkfeu% i”kqvksa ds fy;s budk lzksr] dk;Z] deh ds y{k.k]vko”;drk,a] U;klxhZ ¼gkjeksUl½% U;klxhZ dk mRiknu ,oa izttu esa dk;Z] dkczksgkbVªsl] izksVhu ,oafy;sM~l ¼olk½ dk mikip;u] [kk| ;ksfxd ,oa ;ksxt {ks= ,oa deh ds y{k.k] vko”;drk,a] izksck;ksfVd,oa izhck;ksfVd dk Msjh i”kqvksa ds dqddqV ds iks’k.k esa mi;ksxA izkd`frd vkink esa i”kqvksa dk f[kykuk]ikpdrk fo”ks’k.kkad] xksoa”k cPpksa] vkslj] lkaM] xk;sa] HkSal dk [kkuik] izlo ds igys ,oa i”pkr xk;ksa dksf[kykuk] foVkfeUl ,oa [kfutksa dk vkilh lEcU/k] ÅtkZ ,oa izksVhu ds fy, [kk| inkFkksZ dk ewY;kaduAvaMk nsus okyh eqxhZ ,oa czk;yj dh vko”;drk,a ,oa vkgkj dh x.kukA¼c½ i”kq nSfgdh okrkoj.k lEcU/kh % vuqdwyu ,oa n”kkuqdwyu o bldk] o`f) dkjd] o`f) ds ekid]rkidze QyLo:i ruko dk fu;a=.k ds <ax ¼lnhZ] xehZ½] i”kq “kjhj lEcU/kh% jkseUFkh o vjkseUFkh i”kqvksa esadkcksZgkbMsV] izksVhu ,oa olk dk ikpu] “kks’k.kA uj ,oa eknk ds iztuu vaxksa dk dk;Z] nqX/k {kj.k nSfgdh]nqX/k dk fuldkju ,oa vojks/k ¼:dkoV½] “kqdzk.kq tuu] vaM tuu] oh;Z laxzg.k] ewY;kadu] ruohdj.k],oa laj{k.k] oh;Z dk fgehdj.k] oh;Z ruqdj.k] d`f=e xkHkkZ/kku fof/k;kW] LruxzkafFk;ksZ ds fu;a=.k] esaU;klxhZd dk;Z] eklxq.koRrk] mRiknu ,oa iztuu ij budk izHkko] O;kuk ¼izlo½] tsj dk :duk]fMLVksfd;k ¼vlkekU; izlo½

¼Hkkx&c½¼l½ i”kq/ku mRiknu ,oa izcU/k% Hkkjr esa Msjh m|ksx dk fodflr ns”kksa ls rqyuk] fefJr ,oa fof”k’VQkfeZx] Msjh QkfeZx dk vkjEHk ,oa laxBu] Msjh QkfeZx esa lkekU; dk ,df=rdj.k] Msjh i”kqvksa dh {kerkdks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] twV¼>q.M½ dk vfHkys[ku] vk; O;; ctVhdj.k] dher fu/kkZj.k ;kstuk,a]dkfeZd izcU/ku] Msjh i'kqvksa ,oa dqddqVksa dk vkoklh; izcU/ku] Msjh i'kqvksa ds cPpksa] vkslj] xk;s dkizcU/ku] LoPN nqX/k mRiknu] dqDdVksa ,oa Msjh i'kqvksa dk vkfFkZd fo”ys’k.k] xksoa”k] HkSal] HksM+] cdjh] lwdj],oa dqddqVksa ds izcU/k lEcU/kh lkekU; leL;k;sa] xksdqy fe”ku] jk’Vªh; Msjh ifj;kstuk] vfHkys[kuizcU/ku] nqX/k iz.kkyh&<ax] fl)kUr] lkekU; Msjh izfdz;kvksa dk izcU/ku] nqX/k mRiknu dk ifjO;;]pkjkxkg izcU/ku]¼n½ nqX/k ,oa nqX/k mRikn izkS|ksfxdh % nw/k dk ladyu ,oa ifjokguA nw/k dk laxzg.k ,oa xq.koRrk ijh{k.kAnw/k dh ifjHkk’kk] laxBu ,oa iks’kk/kZA nw/k ds HkkSfrd ,oa jklk;fud xq.kA nw/k dk vo”khru] fuL;Unu]fueZyhdj.k] izFkdhdj.k rFkk ekudhdj.kA nw/k dk laekxhdj.k] ikLrqjhdj.k] futZuhdj.k] iSdsftax ,oaforj.kA nw/k ds nks’k] mlds dkj.k o fuLrkj.kA nw/k ds izdkj% ekudhd`r nw/k] VksUM nw/k] McyVksUM nw/k]iqufufeZr nw/k] iqufefJZr nw/k] lqxfU/kr ,oa fQYM feYdA nw/k la;a= dh lQkbZ o futhZohdj.kA tkeu omldk mitkiu djukA [kksvk] Nsuk] iuhj] ngh] yLlh] Jh[k.M] o dqYQh dk mRiknu] iSdsftax] mit,oa laxBuA ?kh dk mRiknu ,oa Js.khdj.kA vkblØhe] eD[ku] pht] la?kfur] ok’ihd`r ,oa “kq’d nq/k dkmRiknu ,oa xq.koRrk ijh{k.kA ch0vkbZ0,l0 ,oa ,Q0,l0,l0vkbZ0,0 ds vuq:i nw/k ,oa nw/k inkFkksZ dsekudA nw/k ds miksRiknksa dk mi;ksx&Ogs] NkN ,oa lizsVk nw/kA

i'kqikyu ,oa i'kqfpfdRlk foKku%f}rh; iz”u i=%

¼Hkkx&v½¼v½ lkekU; vkuqoaf”kdh ,oa i”kq iztuu % i”kqvksa dk jk’Vªh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ;ksxnku] ikS/kksa ,oa i'kqvksa dkvkilh lEcU/k] i”kqvksa ,oa nw/k mRiknu lkaf[;dh] oa”kkxfr ,oa fofHkUurk] oa”kkxr esaMy fu;e] I;wVs”ku¼mRifjorZu½] lkbVksiyktfed oa”kkukZrk] tuunzaO;] laj{k.k] xksoa”k] HkSlk] cdjh] HksM+] lwdj] ,oa dqDdqVksadh tkfr;kW] iztuu dh fof/k;kWa ,oa iz.kkyh] p;u fof/k;ka] p;u xq.kkad ,oa vUr% iztuu xaq.kkd] oh;Z dk,d=hdj.k] ewY;kadu] d`f=e xHkkZ/kku dh fof/k;kW] gkMhZ ohuoxZ fu;e] tula[;k ,oa oh;Zer tksfu ,dvUr% iztuu xq.kkad thuksVkbi ckjEckjrkA¼c½ LokLF; ,oa LoPNrk % xksoa”k ,oa dqDdqV dk “kkjhfjd lajpuk mRrd foKku rduhdh] fgehdj.k]iSjkfQfudj.k] vUr% LFkfirZr djuk] jDr dh fQYe ¼ijr½ cukuk ,oa iz;kad esa vkus okys vfHkjatu]lkekU; mRrdh vfHkjatu] jDr xk; dh Hkzw.k foKku] jDr dh VkbZdh] i”kq LokLF; o ikpu] “kks’k.k]mRlZtu] “olu fØ;k] U;kL;kZ xzfUFk;ka] ty] ok;q rFkk vkDlh; osVujh LoPNrkA

¼Hkkx&c½¼l½ i”kq chekfja;k % izfrj{kk ,oa Vhdkdj.k% izfrj{kk dh fof/k;kW ,oa fl)kUr] jksxksa dk oxhZdj.k] xkSo”ka]HkSl] HksM+] cdjh] lwdj] dqDdqV dh chekfj;ksa dh yksdkpkj izd`fr] y{k.k] funku] fu;a=.k ,oa mipkjfo”ks’krk,a& ,FkzsDV] xyk?kksVw] yxM+h cq[kkj] FkuSyk] Vhoh] tksUl chekjh] [kqjidk] eqWgiDdk] fLMjisLV]jscht] VªkabisUlksfe;kfll] ik;jksIykteksfll] Vªkbdkseksfu,fll] ,DVksuksoSf”yksfll] ,SDVksekbdksfll]iSjksa Qsflyksafyl] nqX/kToj] vQkjk] uotkyk cU/k dh chekfj;kW% dqDdqV chekfj;ka% ys vkpkj izd`fr] funkuy{k.k] fu;a=.k] mipkj fo”ks’krk% jkuh[ksr] Qkxqu ikul] jkfo;u Y;wdksfll] esjsDl] xqEckjksa ds fy;s]lwdj dh chekfj;kWa LokbZuToj] gke dkyjk] [kqtyh] gke¶yw] [kqjidk] eqgiDdk] ikDl]¼n½ osVjujh yksd LokLF; % tquksfll] ifjHkk’kk] tqusfVd chekfj;ksa dk i'kqvksa o if{k;ksa QSyko o oxhZdj.k]i”kq fpfdRlk /keZ”kkL=% i”kq jksx ds jksdFkke rFkk i”kq ds xq.kksa dks lq/kkjus ds fy, fu;e ,oa vf/kfu;eAi'kq fpfdRlk fof/kd ijh{k.k gsrq uewuk ysus ds fy, izfdz;k rFkk fof/k;daA i”kq fpfdRld ds drZO; ,oaHkwfedkA o/k”kkyk ls izkIr miksRikn rFkk mudk vkfFkZd mi;ksxA¼;½ izlkj % izlkj ds fl)kUr] /kkj.kk] mn~ns”; rFkk ewy n”kZu] xzkeh.k fdlkuksa dks f”kf{kr djus dhfofHkUu fof/k;kaA u;h] rduhd dk fuekZ.k] mldk LFkkukUrj.k rFkk iqu% ewY;kadu] u;h rduhd dsLFkkukUrj.k esa leL;k,a ,oa ck/kk;sA xzkeh.k fodkl ds fy, i”kqikyu iz;kstuk;saA

¼15½ Lkakf[;dh% iz”u i= izFke% izkf;drk fl)kUr rFkk lakf[;dh ds iz;ksx[k.M ¼v½%& izkf;drk fl)kUr

izfrn”kZ lef’V rFkk ?kVuk,a] izkf;drk dh fpj izfrf’Br ,oa vfHkx`ghrh; ifjHkk’kk;sa] ;ksx izkf;drk dsfu;e] izfrcaf/kr izkf;drk] ?kVukvksa dh vukfJrrk] la;qDr izkf;drk izes;] cs;t izes; rFkk bldsiz;ksxA ;kn`fPNd pj& vlr~r rFkk lr~rA bldk caVu Qyu] caVu Qyu ds ewy xq.k/keZ] f}pjh; caVurFkk lacaf/kr mikar ,oa izfrcaf/kr caVuA izR;k”kk] vk?kwZ.k tud rFkk vfHky{k.k Qyu] ekdksZo rFkk “ksch”ksovlfedk] izkf;drk esa vfHklj.k] vukfJr ,oa le:ih cafVr ;kn`fPNr pjksa gsrq o`gr la[;kvksa dk fucZyfu;e rFkk dsUnzh; lhek izes;A dqN ekud vlrr rFkk lrr caVu ;Fkk f}in] Iokalk] gkbijT;kferh;]T;kferh;] _.kkRed f}in] cgqin ,dleku] izlkekU;] pj ?kkrkadh;] xkek] chVk rFkk dkW”khA f}pjizlkekU; caVuA

[k.M& ¼c½%& lakf[;dh ds iz;ksxU;wure oxZ fof/k] lglaca/k rFkk jSf[kd lekJ;.k] vk?kw.kZ xq.ku lglaca/k] dksfV lglaca/k] varoxZlglaca/k rFkk lglaca/k vuqikr] rhu pjksa gsrq vkaf”kd ,oa cgq lglaca/k rFkk lekJ;A izR;sd dks’B esaizs{k.kksa dh leku la[;k okyk ,d & fn”k ,oa f}& f”k izlj.k fo”ys’k.k] izk;ksfxd vfHkdYiuk& izk;ksfxdvfHkdYiuk ds ewy fl)kUr] iw.kZr ;kn`fPNdhd`r vfHkdYiuk] ;kn`fPNdhd`r [k.Md vfHkdYiuk] ySfVuoxZ vfHkdYiuk] 2 rFkk 2 cgqmiknkuh iz;ksx] vizkIr {ks= dh izkfof/kdA tukaddh; vkadM+ks ds lzksr]2 3

fLFkr ,oa LFkkoj lef’V;ka] iztuu rFkk eR;Zrk ds eki] thou lkj.kh] lkekU; lef’V o`f) izk:iAlwpdkad rFkk blds mi;ksx] ySlfi;j] ik'ks] ek”kZy] ,MoFkZ vkSj fQ”kj ds lwpdkad] lwpdkad gsrqijh{k.k] ewY; lwpdkad rFkk thou fuokZg lwpdkad dh lajpukA dky Js.kh rFkk blds ?kVd] miufr

¼14½ i'kqikyu ,oa i”kqfpfdRlk foKku%izFke iz”u&i=

¼Hkkx&v½¼v½ i'kq iks’k.k %

¼c½ i”kq nSfgdh okrkoj.k lEcU/kh %

¼Hkkx&c½¼l½ i”kq/ku mRiknu ,oa izcU/k%

¼n½ nqX/k ,oa nqX/k mRikn izkS|ksfxdh %

i'kqikyu ,oa i'kqfpfdRlk foKku%f}rh; iz”u i=%

¼Hkkx&v½¼v½ lkekU; vkuqoaf”kdh ,oa i”kq iztuu %

¼c½ LokLF; ,oa LoPNrk %

¼Hkkx&c½¼l½ i”kq chekfja;k %

¼n½ osVjujh yksd LokLF; %

¼;½ izlkj %

¼15½ Lkakf[;dh% iz”u i= izFke% izkf;drk fl)kUr rFkk lakf[;dh ds iz;ksx[k.M ¼v½%& izkf;drk fl)kUr

[k.M& ¼c½%& lakf[;dh ds iz;ksx

rFkk ekSleh lwpdkad Kkr djuk] vkofrZrk& oØ rFkk lglaca/k& fp= fo”ys’k.k] fopjkarj fof/kALkakf[;dh% iz”u i= f}rh;%& lkaf[;dh; vuqefr rFkk izcU/ku

[k.M%& ¼v½ lkaf[;dh; vuqefrvkdydksa ds xq.k/keZ] laxrrk] vufHkurrk] n{krk] i;kZI;rrk rFkk iw.kZrk] Øsej jko ifjca/k U;wureizlj.k vufHkur vkdyu& jko&CySdosy izes;A vkdyu fof/k;ka vk?kw.kZ fof/k rFkk vf/kdre laHkkforkfof/k] varjky vkdyuA ljy ,oa la;qDr ifjdYiuk] =qfV;ksa ds nks izdkj] Økafrd Js=] lkFkZdrk Lrj]ifjeki ,oa “kfDr Qyu& vufHkur ijh{k.k] “kDre vkSj ,d lekur% “kDre ijh{k.k] usesu& fi;lZuizesfjdk rFkk blds iz;ksx laHkkfor& vuqikr ijh{k.kA dkbZ oxZ] vkSj caVuksa ij vk/kkfjr ijh{k.k]t, z F

o`gr izfrn”kZ ijh{k.kA Øe izfrn”kZt rFkk ijkl dk caVu] vizkpyh; ijh{k.k ;Fkk fpUg ijh{k.k] ekf/;dkijh{k.k] ju ijh{k.k] foYdkDlu& eke fgoVuh ijh{k.kAU

[k.M& ¼c½ lkaf[;dh; izcU/kulapkyu izfØ;k] “kks/k leL;kvksa] jSf[kd izksxzke leL;k rFkk ljy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa vkjs[kh; gy] flEIysDlfof/k] jSf[kd izdeu leL;k dk }Sr] fu;ru ,oa ifjogu leL;kA “kwU;& ;ksx f}ekuoh; ØhM+k] “kq) ,oafefJr ;qfDr;ka] ØhM+k dk eku] ewyHkwr izes; 2 2 fØM+kvksa dk gyA izfrn”kZ losZ{k.k dh izd`fr ,oa O;kfIr].

izfrp;u cuke laiw.kZ x.kuk] ifjfer lef’V;ksa esa izfrLFkkiu jfgr rFkk izfrLFkkiu lfgr ljy;kn`fPNd izfrp;uA Lrfjr izfrp;u rFkk vkcaVu fl)kUr] leku ifj.kke ds xqPN gsrq xqPN izfrp;uAvkdyu dh vuqikr] xq.ku ,oa lekJ;.k fof/k;ka rFkk f)”k% izfrp;u] leku izFke pj.kh; bdkb;kssa okyhf}pj.kh; izfr p;u] Øec) izfrp;uA lkaf[;dh xq.krk fu;a=.k] pjksa rFkk izxq.kksa gsrq fu;a=.k& fp=]Lohd`fr] izfrp;u] rFkk oØ mRiknd rFkk miHkksDrk tksf[ke] rFkkOC,ASN ATI AQL,AOQL LTPD

dh vo/kkj.kk] ,dy rFkk f)’k% izfrp;u ;kstukA lksiku& izfØ;k,a ijh{k.k& enksa dk lksikuhdj.k]ijh{k.k lead] ijh{k.k& fl)kUr] lekukUrj ijh{k.k] lR; lead] ijh{k.k dh fo”oluh;rk rFkk oS/krkA

¼16½ j{kk v/;;u izFke iz'u i=L=krsftd fopkj dk fodkl

¼[k.M & v½1- vo/kkj.kk ,oa fl)kUr&¼v½ L=krftd fopkj dh vo/kkj.kk,a ,oa ?kVdA¼c½ lkekftd lEcU/k rFkk vUrj &jkT;ksa ds la?k"kZ ds Lrj ij mldh izklafxdrkA¼l½ ;q)&fl)kUr rFkk dkj.k] euksoSKkfud vk;ke] ijek.kq ;qx esa ijEijkxr ;q) i)fr] lhfer;q)] ,u-ch-lh- ;q)deZ rFkk fuEu rhozrk la?k"kZ ¼,y-vkbZ-lh-½A2- L=krftd fpUrd&¼v½ 19oha 'krkCnh rdA¼d½ euq vkSj dkSfVY;& ;q) n'kZuA¼[k½ eSfd;koSyh& ;q) dyk dk iqutkZxj.kA¼x½ tksfeuh& tu lsuk ¼ekl vkehZ½ dh vo/kkj.kk] L=krsth] lkefjdh rFkk laHkkfjdhA¼?k½ DYkktfoV~t& ;q) ij vkSj mldk jktuhfr] L=krsth rFkk lkefjdh ls lEcU/kA¼c½ 19oha 'krkCnh ls f}rh; egk;q) rd&¼d½ ,aftYl vkSj ekDlZ& lkekftd ØkfUr;ksa dh lSU; vo/kkj.kkA¼[k½ Y;wMsuMkSQZ& lEiw.kZ ;q) dh teZu vo/kkj.kkA¼x½ ysfuu] VªkV~Ldh] LVkfyu& ;q) dh lksfo;r vo/kkj.kkA¼?k½ fyfMygkVZ& lhfer nkf;Ro rFkk xfr'khy j{kk dk fl)kUrA¼M½ ts-,Q-lh- Qqyj& xfr'khy ;q+) i)fr dh vo/kkj.kk] VSadks dk vkxeu rFkk [kkbZ ;q) i)frdk iruA3- ty] Fky] ok;q rFkk ØkfUrdkjh ;q) i)fr ds fl)kUr&¼v½ ,-Vh- egku& lkeqfnzd 'kfDRk dk fl)kUr] egk}hih; fl)kUr rFkk ukS&lSfud L=krsthA¼c½ gsyQksMZ efd.Mj& g`n; LFky ¼gkVZ yS.M½ fl)kUrA¼l½ MqgsV] fepsy rFkk losZLdh& ok;q ;q) i)fr ds fl)kUrA¼n½ ekvks&Rls&rqax rFkk 'kh xqosjk& ØkfUr rFkk L=krsth dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk xqfjYyk ;q) i)fr dhlkefjdhA4- lSU; 'kfDr ds vkfFkZd igyw&¼v½ j{kk ds vkfFkZd fl)kUrA¼c½ jk"Vª&jkT; dk ;q) lkeF;Z rFkk ;q) dky esa lalk/kuksa dh xfr'khyrk dh fof/k;kaA¼l½ ;q)ksRrj vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk iqufuZek.kA¼n½ 'kL= lgk;rk] 'kL= O;kikj rFkk nkrk &izkIrdrkZ O;ogkjA5- fo'o ;q) &¼v½ 'kL=] fl)kUr rFkk lkefjdhA¼c½ izFke fo'o;q) ds dkj.kA¼l½ 'kL=ksa esa ØkfUr rFkk ty] Fky rFkk ok;q ;q) i)fr esa rduhdh izxfrA¼n½ nks egk;q)ks ds vUrjky ¼1918&1939½esa rduhdh fodklA¼;½ f}rh; egk;q) esa fe= jk"Vªksa dh L=krsthA¼j½ izFke rFkk f}rh; egk;q)ksa ds nkSjku mPp&rduhdh 'kL=ksa dk lekos'ku rFkk igqpkus okyhiz.kkyh ¼fMysojh flLVe½ esa ØkfUrA

¼[k.M& c½6- f}rh; egk;q)ksRrj ikjEifjd rFkk ijek.kq vL= rFkk lafLFkfr;k&¼d½ egkfouk'k ds 'kL=ksa dk mn;% ikjEifjd] ijek.kq] tSfod rFkk jklk;fudA¼[k½ ijek.kq ;q) i)fr ds fl)kUr& fizosfUVo okj] izh,efVo vVSd] eSflo fjVSfy;s'ku A¼x½ ikjEifjd e;knksgu dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk fl)kUrA¼?k½ fyfMy gkMZ] vkUnzs O;wQjs] okbZ gjdkch] gsujh fdflUtj rFkk ds0 lqczgefu;e ds fopkjksa dslnaHkZ esaa ijek.kq e;knksgu dh vo/kkj.kk rFkk fl)kUrA7- 'kL= fu;U=.k rFkk fu&'kL=hdj.k&¼d½ vo/kkj.kk;sa] mn~ns';] ifjfLFkfr;kWa rFkk rRoA¼[k½ fofHkUu mikxeA¼x½ vkfFkZd fodkl ij izHkkoA8- lSU; dk;Zdykiksa esa ØkfUr&¼d½ uohu rduhfd;ksa dk mn;A¼[k½ y?kq 'kL=ksa rFkk fuEu rhozrk la?k"kksZ esa ØkfUrA¼x½ uohu lkefjfd;ksa rFkk mUur foLQksVd ;qfDRk;ksa ¼vkbZ-bZ-Mh-½ dk mn; rFkk mudk izHkkoA9- la?k"kZ lek/kku&¼d½ la?k"kZ% mn~Hko] izdkj rFkk LOk:iA¼[k½ la?k"kZ% lek/kku ds fl)kUr rFkk fof/k;kaA

Lkakf[;dh% iz”u i= f}rh;%& lkaf[;dh; vuqefr rFkk izcU/ku[k.M%& ¼v½ lkaf[;dh; vuqefr

[k.M& ¼c½ lkaf[;dh; izcU/ku

¼16½ j{kk v/;;u izFke iz'u i=L=krsftd fopkj dk fodkl

¼[k.M & v½1- vo/kkj.kk ,oa fl)kUr&¼v½¼c½¼l½

2- L=krftd fpUrd&¼v½¼d½ euq vkSj dkSfVY;&¼[k½ eSfd;koSyh&¼x½ tksfeuh&¼?k½ DYkktfoV~t&¼c½¼d½ ,aftYl vkSj ekDlZ&¼[k½ Y;wMsuMkSQZ&¼x½ ysfuu] VªkV~Ldh] LVkfyu&¼?k½ fyfMygkVZ&¼M½ ts-,Q-lh- Qqyj&

3- ty] Fky] ok;q rFkk ØkfUrdkjh ;q) i)fr ds fl)kUr&¼v½ ,-Vh- egku&¼c½ gsyQksMZ efd.Mj&¼l½ MqgsV] fepsy rFkk losZLdh&¼n½ ekvks&Rls&rqax rFkk 'kh xqosjk&

4- lSU; 'kfDr ds vkfFkZd igyw&¼v½¼c½¼l½¼n½5- fo'o ;q) &¼v½¼c½¼l½¼n½¼;½¼j½

[k.M& c½6- f}rh; egk;q)ksRrj ikjEifjd rFkk ijek.kq vL= rFkk lafLFkfr;k&¼d½ egkfouk'k ds 'kL=ksa dk mn;%¼[k½ ijek.kq ;q) i)fr ds fl)kUr&¼x½¼?k½

7- 'kL= fu;U=.k rFkk fu&'kL=hdj.k&¼d½¼[k½¼x½8- lSU; dk;Zdykiksa esa ØkfUr&¼d½¼[k½¼x½9- la?k"kZ lek/kku&¼d½¼[k½

Cont...Cont...

¼x½ fo'oklksRiknd mik;ksa dh rduhdA¼?k½ vUrjkZ"Vªh; 'kkfUr ds lk/ku& 'kkfUr l`tu] 'kkfUr iks"k.k rFkk 'kkfUr fuekZ.k A10- 'kkfUr ds fpUrd&¼d½ egkRek xka/kh & la?k"kZ lek/kku] ;q) rFkk vUrZjk"Vªh; lqj{kk ij fopkjA¼[k½ tokgj yky usg: & jk"Vªh; lqj{kk] fodkl rFkk xqV & fujis{krk ij fopkjA

j{kk v/;;u f}rh; iz'u i=jk"Vªh; lqj{kk¼[k.M& v½

1- ifjpk;d&¼v½ jk"Vª] jkT; rFkk jk"Vª & jkT; dh izeq[k vo/kkj.kk,aA¼c½ jkT; dh mRifRr ds fl)kUrA¼l½ jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dh mRifRr] vo/kkj.kk] mn~ns'; rFkk mikxeA2-lqj{kk vk;ke& vkUrfjd lqj{kk] okg~; lqj{kk] ekuoh; lqj{kk] lexz lqj{kk] vke lqj{kk] lekulqj{kk rFkk lkbcj lqj{kkA3- lqj{kk Lrj & O;fDRkxr] lg & jk"Vªh;] jk"Vªh;] {ks=h; rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh;A4- jk"Vªh; 'kfDRk&¼d½ jk"Vªh; 'kfDRk dk ladYiukRed <akpkA¼[k½ 'kfDRk dh vo/kkj.kk esa vifj'kq)rkA¼x½ jk"Vª &jkT; dh 'kfDRk dh :ijs[kkA¼?k½ jk"Vªh; 'kfDRk ds ewrZ ,oa vewZr rRoA¼M½ jk"Vªh; 'kfDr ds vk/kkj ,oa lhek;saA5- [krjksa dk o.kZØe&¼d½ [krjs rFkk pqukSfr;kas dh vo/kkj.kkA¼[k½ jk"Vªh; lqj{kk izfrekuA¼x½ [krjksa dk vocks/ku ¼izR;{khdj.k½ vkUrfjd ,oa okg~;A¼?k½ [krjksa dk fu/kkZj.k rFkk [krjksa dk fo'ys"k.kA6- lqj{kk ds oSdfYid izfr:i&¼d½ 'kfDRk LkUrqyuA¼[k½ vkard dk lUrqyuA¼x½ lkewfgd j{kkA¼?k½ lkewfgd lqj{kkA¼M-½ xqV &fujis{krkA7- lqj{kk izcU/ku&¼d½ j{kk ,oa lqj{kk uhfr;ksa rFkk lafLFk;ksa dh vo/kkj.kk] la?kVd] ,oa izfriknu rFkk lg& lEcU/kA¼[k½ jk"Vªh; ewY;ksa] jk"Vªh; fgr rFkk L=krftd laLd`frA¼x½ Økafrd ljapuk dk ladVh;@ vkikrh izcU/ku] Hks/krk fo'ys"k.k rFkk laj{k.kA¼?k½ vkink izcU/ku% vo/kkj.kk rFkk egRo] izkd`frd rFkk ekuo fufeZr vkink;sa ,oa jk"Vªh; vkinkizcU/ku uhfrA8- lqj{kk layXurk&¼d½ ikjEifjd % {ks=h; v[kaMrk rFkk fooknA¼[k½ xSj& ikjEifjd% vfHk'kklu ¼ ½ foIyo vkradoknA¼ ½ ¼ ½I II III

¼x½ lkekftd vfLFkjrk ds lzksr% vkfFkZd Hks/krk /kkfeZd :<+okfnrk lkEiznkf;d@oxhZ;¼ ½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½i ii iiii

dV~Vjokfnrk iztkrh; rFkk Hkk"kk;h ladh.kZrk ekuokf/kdkjksa dk oapu vYila[;dksa dk neuA¼ ½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½iv v vi

9- 'kL= izlkj&¼d½ jk"Vªh;] {ks=h; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; lqj{kk esa 'kL= izlkj ,d vojks/k ds :i esa A¼[k½ nf{k.kksRrj ,f'k;k esa NksVs gfFk;kjksa ,oa gYds vL=ksa dk izlkjA¼x½ ukfHkdh; vL=ksa dk izlkjA

¼[k.M& c½10& Hkkjr dh lqj{kk [kkst&¼d½ ,Sfrgkfld fojklr] Hkw&jkTkuSfrd rFkk Hkw&L=krftd fufeRRkA¼[k½ ¼A½ ¼AA½ ¼AAA½Hkkjrh; j{kkuhfr dk vkdkj 1858 vkSj 1947 ds e/; 1947&1962 1962&1971¼ ½ 1971 ls vkt rdAiv¼x½ ikfdLrku ,oa phu ds laeq[khu Hkkjrh; lqj{kk mf}Xurk ¼vkt rd½A11- Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dh leL;kRed tfVyrk;sa&¼d½ fo'o L=krftd izakx.k esa Hkkjr& ledkyhu] izo`fRr;ka] foLr`r iM+ksl esa Hkkjrh; lqj{kkpqukSfr;kaA¼ ikfdLrku ds ikjEifjd] vk.kfod ,oa iz{ksikL= dk;ZØe rFkk mudk Hkkjr dh lqj{kk ij[k½izHkkoA¼x½ Hkkjr&phu lhek fookn% fLFkfr;ka ,oa [k.Mu & e.Mu] lhek fookn ds lek/kku gsrq iz;kl]Hkkjr o phu ds e/; lg;ksxkRed lqj{kk dk <akpkA¼?k½ ckaXykns'k] usiky] HkwVku] E;kaekj]Jhyadk] ekynho vkSj vQXkkfUkLrku ds lkFk Hkkjr dsL=krftd rFkk vU; fgrksa dh ikjLifjdrkA¼M-½ 'khr & ;q)ksRrj dkyhu nf{k.k ,f'k;k] ,f'k;k & iz'kkUr L=krftd okrkoj.k esa okg~;'kfDRk;ksa dh Hkwfedk rFkk Hkkjr dh xzkgrk,aA¼Pk½ Hkkjr rFkk nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ iM+ksfl;ksa dks fo'okl rFkk lqj{kk l`tu mik;ksa dh vko';drkA¼N½ {ks=h; lqj{kk es nf{k.k ,f'k;kbZ {ks=h; laXkBu ,d ekMy ds :i esa A12- foKku] izkS|ksfxdh rFkk Hkkjrh; lqj{kk&¼d½ jk"Vªh; lqj{kk esa oSKkfud rFkk izkS|ksfxd vk/kkjA¼[k½ Hkkjr ds fy, lekdfyr foKku uhfr dh vko';drkA¼x½ Hkkjr dk j{kk vkS|ksxhdj.k rFkk miyfC/k;kaA¼?k½ Hkkjr ds 'kks/k ,oa fodkl esa] izxfr rFkk lqj{kk ds fy;s rduhdh fodklA¼M½ j{kk gsrq fuos'k dh vko';drk ,oa uSxe m|ksx dh Hkwfedk] 'kkldh;&futh lgHkkfxrk ,oafons'kh fuos'kA¼Pk½ Hkkjr dk vUrfj{k dk;ZØe rFkk miyfC/k;kaA13- Hkkjrh; ukfHkdh; uhfr rFkk fodYi&¼d½ Hkkjr dh ukfHkdh; 'kfDRk dh vko';drk A¼[k½ Hkkjr dh ukfHkdh; lEcfU/kr uwru [kkstsa rFkk miyfC/k;kaA¼x½ Hkkjr dh ukfHkdh; lS)kfUrd lafLFkfrA¼?k½ Hkkjr dk iz{ksikL= dk;ZØeA14- fgUnegklkxj rFkk Hkkjrh; lqj{kk xzkgrk,a&¼d½ fgUn egklkxj {ks= rFkk mlds prqfnZd fo|eku L=krftd ifjos'kA¼[k½ fgUn egklkxj {ks= ls lEcfU/kr Hkkjr dh lqj{kk leL;k;saA¼x½ Hkkjr dh lkeqnkf;d lqj{kk rFkk ukS lSfud 'kfDRk ds iz{ksi.k dh vko';drkA¼?k½ Hkkjr dk rnh; izcU/ku rFkk lq>koA15- Hkkjr dh vkUrfjd lqj{kk&¼d½ Hkkjr esa fuEu rhozrk la?k"kZ ¼yksbUVsuflVh dkuf¶YkDV½ tEew &d'ehj rFkk iwoksZRrj {ks= dsfo'ks"k lanHkZ esaA¼[k½ vkUrfjd lqj{kk leL;kvksa dh igpku rFkk lsuk ds mi;ksx dh ifjfLFkfr;ka& rdZ&fordZA¼x½ vkUrfjd lqj{kk esa lwpuk lqj{kk dk egRoA¼?k½ xqIrpj rU= rFkk jk’Vªh; lqj{kk esa mldh izklafxdrk] vkbZ-lh-Vh- dk mi;ksx rFkk lq>koA

¼x½¼?k½ vUrjkZ"Vªh; 'kkfUr ds lk/ku&10- 'kkfUr ds fpUrd&¼d½ egkRek xka/kh &¼[k½ tokgj yky usg: &

j{kk v/;;u f}rh; iz'u i=jk"Vªh; lqj{kk¼[k.M& v½

1- ifjpk;d&¼v½ jk"Vª] jkT; rFkk jk"Vª &¼c½¼l½2-lqj{kk vk;ke&

3- lqj{kk Lrj &4- jk"Vªh; 'kfDRk&¼d½¼[k½¼x½¼?k½¼M½5-¼d½¼[k½¼x½¼?k½6-¼d½¼[k½¼x½¼?k½¼M-½7- lqj{kk izcU/ku&¼d½¼[k½¼x½¼?k½

8- lqj{kk layXurk&¼d½ ikjEifjd %¼[k½ xSj& ikjEifjd%¼x½

9- 'kL= izlkj&¼d½¼[k½¼x½

¼[k.M& c½10& Hkkjr dh lqj{kk [kkst&¼d½¼[k½ ¼A½ ¼AA½ ¼AAA½

¼x½11- Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dh leL;kRed tfVyrk;sa&¼d½ fo'o L=krftd izakx.k esa Hkkjr&

[k½

¼x½ Hkkjr&phu lhek fookn%

¼?k½

¼M-½ 'khr &

¼Pk½¼N½12- foKku] izkS|ksfxdh rFkk Hkkjrh; lqj{kk&¼d½¼[k½¼x½¼?k½¼M½

¼Pk½13- Hkkjrh; ukfHkdh; uhfr rFkk fodYi&¼d½¼[k½¼x½¼?k½14- fgUnegklkxj rFkk Hkkjrh; lqj{kk xzkgrk,a&¼d½¼[k½¼x½¼?k½15- Hkkjr dh vkUrfjd lqj{kk&¼d½

¼[k½¼x½¼?k½

16- Hkkjr dk lexz lqj{kk ifjn`'; rFkk j{kk rS;kjh17- Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; lqj{kk L=krth dh vfuok;Zrk

¼17½ izcU/k% izFke iz'u i=ijh{kkfFkZ;ksa ls vis{kk dh tkrh gS fd os izcU/k ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ls ifjfpr gksaxsA os fl)kUr dks O;ogkjesa fo'o O;oLkk; ds lanHkZ esa] lkekU;r% vkSj Hkkjr esa O;olk; ds fof'k"V lUnHkZ esa ykxw dj ldsxsA bldsfy, muls vk'kk dh tkrh gS fd os ml okrkoj.k ls ftlesa Hkkjr esa O;oLkk; gksrk gS] Hkyh Hkkafr ifjfprgksaxsA mUgsa fofHkUu fØ;kRed {ks=ksa esa fo'ys"k.k vkSj fu.kZ;u dh izcU/kdh; fof/k;ksa ds Kku o mi;ksx dslk/kuksa dh tkudkjh Hkh gksxhA1- izca/k vo/kkj.kk ,oa fodkl& izca/k dh vko/kkj.kk ,oa egRo izcU/k& foKku ,oa dyk] izcU/k ,oa iz'kkluesa vUrj] izcU/k dh Hkwfedk ,oa mRrjnkf;Ro izcU/k ds fl)kUr] izfrf"Br Ldwy] uo&izfrf"BRk Ldwy]vk/kqfud izcU/k Ldwy] izcU/k ds fo)kUkkas dk ;ksxnkuA2- fu;kstu ,oa fu.kZ;u% fu;kstu & izd`fr] izdkj] egRrk ,oa lhek;sa] ;kstuk ds mn~ns';] uhfr;ka]fu;kstu vk/kkj] iwokZuqeku dh rduhd] fu.kZ;u izdkj] izfØ;k] foosdiw.kZ fu.kZ;u bldh lhek;saA3-laXkBu ,oa laxBUkkRed O;ogkj% laxBu& vo/kkj.kk] izcU/k dk foLrkj] vf/kdkj ,oa mRrjnkf;Ro]vf/kdkj&vFkZ] izdkj] lzksr] vf/kdkj dk izR;k;kstu& izR;k;kstu ds ekxZ esa vojks/k] vf/kdkjksa dkdsUnzh;dj.k ,oa fodsUnzhdj.k] laxBUkkRed O;ogkj& vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRrk] O;fDRkxr ,oa lkewfgdO;ogkj] laxBukRed ifjorZu] ifjorZu dk izfrjks/k] la?k"kZ izcU/kuA4- funs'ku% fl)kUr ,oa rduhdsa] vfHkizsj.k & fl)kUr] eSLyksa] glZcxZ eSdxzsxj] eSDYkhySaM rFkk vU;fo}kuksa ds ;ksxnku] vkdfLed fl)kUr] ,e-ch-vks- usr`Ro&izdkj] ,d lQy usrk ds xq.k] usr`Ro dsfofHkUu fl)kUr] laisz"k.k] izfØ;k] Lrj] izdkj] lEisz"k.k lEca/kh vojks/k] izHkkodkjh laizs"k.k ds mik;A5- fu;a=.k ,oa leUo;& fu;a=.k izfØ;k] izHkkodkjh fu;a=.k dh iwoZ n'kk;sa fu;a=.k dh fof/k;ka&ctVjhrFkk xSj &ctVjh] leUo; &fl)kUr] rduhdsa rFkk leUo; lEcU/kh vojks/kA6- O;olkf;d i;kZoj.k& O;olkf;d bdkbZ rFkk i;kZoj.k esa vUrlZEca/k] O;kolkf;d uSfrdrk rFkk'kklu] ekSfnzd uhfr] jktdks’kh; uhfr] fons'kh iwath rFkk fons'kh lg;ksx] j.kuhfr &vo/kkj.kk ,oaLrj] fo'ys"k.k] iksVZj dk Qkbo QkslZ ekMy oSY;wpsu fo'ys"k.k] ch-lh-th- eSfVªDl] ewySWOT

n{krk,AizcU/k% f}rh; iz'u i=

[k.M&1foi.ku izca/k& foi.ku dh vo/kkj.kk] foi.ku feJ.k( foi.ku vuqla/kku( foi.ku okrkoj.k( foi.ku;kstuk( foi.ku foHkfDRkdj.k( yf{kr cktkj RkFkk fLFkfrdj.k( mRikn j.kuhfr;ka] mRikn thou pØ(miHkksDRkk vfHkizsj.k( czk.M izcU/ku( foØ; lao/kZu( foKkiu( foozsârkvksa dk izca/ku( ewY; fu/kkZj.k(foi.ku J`[kayk&[kqnjk izcU/ku( b.VjusV foi.ku( xzkgd lEcU/k izcU/ku( Hkkjr esa xzkeh.k foi.ku(vUrjkZ"Vªh; foi.ku( foi.ku vads{k.k ,oa fu;a=.k( foi.ku uhfr'kkL=A

[k.M&2mRiknu izcU/k% mRiknu izca/k dk vFkZ ,oa izd`fr( mRiknu iz.kkfy;ksa ds izdkj( mRiknu fu;kstu rFkkfu;a=.k ] yhu rFkk yphyh mRiknu iz.kkfy;ka( fofHkUu mRiknu iz.kkfy;ksa ds fy, ekxZ fu/kkZj.k]ynku rFkk vuqØe.k( LFky p;u rFkk la;U= foU;kl( lkexzh izcU/ku( mRiknu lajpuk] jgfr;kizcU/ku( vkiwfrZ J`[kyk izcU/ku( m|e Jksr fu;kstu( lEiw.kZ xq.koRrk izcU/ku] N% flxek] ihbZvkjVh¼iVZ½ lhih,e( vif'k"V izcU/kuA[k.M 3 foRrh; izcU/k% vFkZ ,oa {ks=] QeZ dh foRrh; vko';drkvksa dk vuqeku( iwath <akps dk fu/kkZj.k(iawth ykxr( dk;Z'kkhy iawth dk izcU/ku( iawth cktkj] lsch dh fou;eu Hkwfedk] osUpj iawth] E;wpqvyQ.M] ykHkakl uhfr] usV cSfdax rFkk ,uih, izcU/ku] m|eksa dk iquXkZBu foy; ,oa vf/kxzg.k] fuos'kfu.kZ;] tksf[ke dk fo'ys"k.k] yht dh foRr O;oLFkk] fons'kh foue; cktkjA[k.M& 4& ekuo lalk/ku izcU/k% ekuo lalk/ku dh izd`fr] ekuo lalk/ku ds izcU/ku dk {ks=] dk;Zfo'ys"k.k rFkk dk;Z vfHkdYi] HkrhZ rFkk p;u] izf'k{k.k rFkk fodkl] dSfj;j ;kstuk] 360 va'k fu"iknuvkdyu] Jfedksa dh izcU/ku esa Hkkxhnkjh] blksi] Hkkjr eas Je la?k] lqj{kk dY;k.k] gM+rky] NVuh]rkykcUnh] lek/kku] ekuo lalk/ku vads{k.k] yphyh dk;Zdkjh 'krZ] Lox`g ls dk;Z] LosPNk ls vodk'kxzg.k ¼oh-vkj*-,l-½ okg; lzksrhdj.kA

¼18½ jktuhfr foKku ,oa vUrjkZ’Vªh; lEcU/k iz”u i=&A¼Hkkx&v½

jktuhfrd fl)kUr & jktuhfrd foKku dh ifjHkk’kk izd`fr ,oa fo’k; {ks=] jktuhfr foKku ds v/;;uds fofHkUu mikxe&ijEijkxr] O;ogkjoknh] O;oLFkk fl)kUr o ekDlZoknh fl)kUrAjkT; & ifjHkk’kk] mRifRr ds fl)kUr rFkk jkT; ds dk;kZs ls lEcfU/kr fl)kUr&mnkjoknh] O;fDroknh]lektoknhlEizHkqrk dk vFkZ] izdkj o fl)kUrvf/kdkj & vFkZ] izdkj o fl)kUrLora=rk& vFkZ] izdkj o fl)kUrlekurk & vFkZ] izdkj o fl)kUr] lekurk o Lora=rk esa lEcU/kU;k;& vFkZ] izdkj o fl)kUriztkra= dk vFkZ] izdkj o fl)kUr& mnkjokn] lektokn o ekDlZoknljdkj ds izdkj& ,dkRed o la?kkRed] lalnkRed ,oa v/;{kkRedAjktuhfrd laLFkk;sa& O;oLFkkfidk] dk;Zikfydk o U;k;ikfydk] jktuhfrd ny o ncko lewg] fuokZpuiz.kkyhjktuhfrd n”kZu&¼v½ Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd fpard& euq] dkSfVY;] xkW/kh] ,e0,u0 jkW;] vEcsMdj¼c½ ik”pkR; fopkjd& IysVks] vjLrw] eSfd;kosyh] gkWCl] ykWd] :lks] fey] ghxy] xzhu] ykLdh] ekDlZ]xzkE”kh] gUuk vkjs

¼Hkkx&c½Hkkjrh; “kklu vkSj jktuhfr%&Hkkjrh; jk’Vªokn& jk’Vªokn ds mn; ds dkj.k] caxHkax vkUnksyu] vlg;ksx vkUnksyu] lfou; voKkvkUnksyuHkkjrh; lafo/kku dk fuekZ.k& fczfV”k “kklu dh fojklr] lafo/kku dh fo”ks’krk,a] ekSfyd vf/kdkj odrZO;] jkT; ds uhfr funsZ”kd rRo] lafo/kku la”kks/ku] dsUnz&jkT; lEcU/kla?k ljdkj&jk’Vªifr] iz/kkuea=h o eaf=ifj’kn] laln] loksZPp U;k;ky;jkT; ljdkj& jkT;iky] eq[;ea=h o eaf=ifj’kn] jkT; fo/kku e.My] mPp U;k;ky;LFkkuh; Lo”kklu& uxjikfydk o uxj fuxe] 74okW lafo/kku la”kks/ku] iaph;rhjkt&73oka lafo/kkula”kks/kujktuhfrd izfØ;k& jktuhfr esa tkfr] {ks=okn] Hkk’kkokn] lkEiznkf;drk] jktuhfrd ny ,oa ncko lewgvkSj mudh Hkwfedk] jk’Vªh; ,dhdj.kla?k yksd lsok vk;ksx] m0iz0 jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx] fuokZpu vk;ksx] uhfr vk;ksx] ekuokf/kdkj

16- Hkkjr dk lexz lqj{kk ifjn`'; rFkk j{kk rS;kjh17- Hkkjr dh jk"Vªh; lqj{kk L=krth dh vfuok;Zrk

¼17½ izcU/k% izFke iz'u i=

1- izca/k vo/kkj.kk ,oa fodkl&

2- fu;kstu ,oa fu.kZ;u%

3-laXkBu ,oa laxBUkkRed O;ogkj%

4- funs'ku%

5- fu;a=.k ,oa leUo;&

6- O;olkf;d i;kZoj.k&

izcU/k% f}rh; iz'u i=[k.M&1

foi.ku izca/k&

[k.M&2mRiknu izcU/k%

[k.M 3 foRrh; izcU/k%

[k.M& 4& ekuo lalk/ku izcU/k%

¼18½ jktuhfr foKku ,oa vUrjkZ’Vªh; lEcU/k iz”u i=&A¼Hkkx&v½

jktuhfrd fl)kUr &

jkT; &

lEizHkqrk dk vFkZ] izdkj o fl)kUrvf/kdkj &Lora=rk&lekurk &U;k;&iztkra= dk vFkZ] izdkj o fl)kUr&ljdkj ds izdkj&jktuhfrd laLFkk;sa&

jktuhfrd n”kZu&¼v½ Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd fpard&¼c½ ik”pkR; fopkjd&

¼Hkkx&c½Hkkjrh; “kklu vkSj jktuhfr%&Hkkjrh; jk’Vªokn&

Hkkjrh; lafo/kku dk fuekZ.k&

la?k ljdkj&jkT; ljdkj&LFkkuh; Lo”kklu&

jktuhfrd izfØ;k&

Cont...Cont...

vk;ksxAjktuhfr foKku ,oa vUrjkZjk’Vªh; lEcU/k iz”u i=&AA

¼Hkkx&v½vUrjkZ’Vªh; lEcU/k& vFkZ] izd`fr rFkk {ks=vUrjkZ’Vªh; jktuhfr ds fl)kUr& vkn”kZoknh] ;FkkFkZoknh] O;oLFkk rFkk fu.kZ; fuekZ.k fl)kUrAfons”kuhfr ds fu/kkZjd rRo& jk’Vªfgr o oSpkfjdh]jk’Vªfgr ds lk/ku& jk’Vªokn] lkezkT;okn] mifuos”kokn]“kfDr larqyu dk fl)kUr] lkewfgd lqj{kk]vUrjkZ’Vªh; lEcU/k esa vUrjkZ’Vªh; fof/k ,oa jktu; dh Hkwfedk]la;qDr jk’Vª dk xBu rFkk Hkwfedk“khr;q)ksRrj dky esa cnyrh gqbZ vUrjkZ’Vªh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk]“kL= nkSM+ o “kL= fu;a=.k]fuxqZV vkUnksyu dh Hkwfedk o izklafxdrk]{ks=h; laxBu& bZ0;w0] vkfl;ku] ,isd] lkdZubZ vUrjkZ’Vªh; vkfFkZd O;oLFkk& MCyw0Vh0vks0] mnkjhdj.k] futhdj.k o fo”ohdj.kvUrjkZ’Vªh; jktuhfr esa ledkyhu eqn~ns& ekuokf/kdkj] i;kZoj.k] vkradokn] ijek.kq izlkj

¼Hkkx&c½1- la;qDr jkT; vesfjdk] :l o phu dh fons”k uhfr;kW2- Hkkjr dh fons”k uhfr rFkk vejhdk] :l rFkk phu ds lkFk lEcU/k3- Hkkjr dk iM+kslh ns”kksa ls lEcU/k4- fQfyLrhu leL;k rFkk vjc btjk;y la?k’kZ5- r`rh; fo”o vkSj vUrjkZ’Vªh; lEcU/kksa esa bldh Hkwfedk6- mRrj nf{k.k laokn] nf{k.k&nf{k.k lg;ksx7- fgUn egklkxj leL;k;sa vkSj lEHkkouk;sa

¼19½ bfrgkl iz”u 1 ¼[k.M&d½-

1- 2-Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ds vkjafHkd dky ds v/;;u ds lzksr ,oa n`f’Vdks.kA vkjafHkd i”kqpkj.k ,oa d`f’kleqnk;] iqjkrfRod lk{; ¼uoik’kf.kd ,oa rkez ik’kf.kd laLd`fr;ka½A flU/kq lH;rk% blds mn~xe rFkk3-izd`fr ,oa âklA Hkkjr esa ¼2000bZ iwoZ ls 500 bZ iwoZ rd ½ cLrh dk Lo:i] vFkZO;oLFkk] lkekftd4-laxBu] /keZ% iqjkrkfRod ifjizs{;A mRrj Hkkjrh; lekt rFkk laLd`fr dk fodkl% oSfnd xzaFkks dk lk{;5-¼lafgrkvksa ls lw=ksa rd½A egkohj rFkk cq) dh f”k{kk ledkyhu lekt jkT; fuekZ.k rFkk uxjhdj.k ds6-izkjfEHkd pj.kA ex/k dk mn; ekS;Z lkezkT;] v”kksd ds f”kykys[k] mldk /kEe ¼/keZ½ ekS;Z dkyhu jkT;7-dh izd`frA mRrjh rFkk izk;}hih; Hkkjr esa ekS;ksZRrj dky jktuhfrd ,oa iz”kklfud bfrgkl]8&9lekt] vFkZO;oLFkk] laLd`fr rFkk /keZ rfeyde ,oa bldk lekt laxe xzaFkA xqIrdky esa rFkk10&11xqIrksRrj dky esa Hkkjr ¼750 bZ0 rd½ mRrjh rFkk izk;}hih; Hkkjr dk jktuhfrd bfrgkl] lkearhO;oLFkk rFkk jktuhfrd lajpuk esa ifjorZu] vFkZO;LFkk] lkekftd lajpuk] laLd`fr] /keZA 12- vkjafHkdHkkjrh; lkaLd`frd bfrgkl dh fo’k;oLrq Hkk’kk,a ,oa xzaFk dyk rFkk LFkkiR; ds fodkl ds izeq[k pj.k]izeq[k nk”kZfud fopkjd ,oa fopkj/kkjk,a foKku rFkk xf.kr lacaf/kr fopkjA

¼[k.M&[k½13- 750bZ0 ls 1200 bZ0 rd mRrj Hkkjr ds izeq[k jktoa”k rFkk jktuhfrd lajpuk] jktiwr jktoa”kksa dkmn; rFkk pksy lkezkT;A14- vjcksa dh fla/k fot; vkSj xtuoh lkezkT;] bLyke dk vkxeu vkSj lwQhokn] vycs:uh rFkk mldkHkkjrh; foKku rFkk lH;rk dk v/;;uA15- Hkkjr ¼750bZ0 ls 1200bZ0 rd½% vFkZO;oLFkk] lekt] lkfgR;] izeq[k ,sfrgkfld xzUFk] LFkkiR; dyk dhizeq[k “kSfy;ka] /kkfeZd fopkj rFkk laLFkk,a] HkfDr vkUnksyu dk mn;A16- Xkksj vkØe.k% vkfFkZd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd ifj.kke rFkk lYrur dh LFkkiukA17- lYrur dky rFkk jktuSfrd jktoa”k% xqyke] f[kyth] rqxyd] lS;n rFkk yksnh oa”k] izeq[k,sfrgkfld lzksr rFkk fons”kh ;kf=;ksa ds o`RrkUr] lYrurdkyhu lekt ,oa laLd`frA18- {ks=h; jktoa”kks dk mn;% cgeuh rFkk fot;uxj jkT;A19- eqxydky% ckcj] gqek;wW] lwjdky] vdcj] tgkaxhj] “kkgtgka] vkSjxatsc] eqxy lkezkT; dk irueqxydkyhu lekt] laLd`fr iz”kklu ,oa vkfFkZd ifjorZu] ;wjksih; O;kikfjd dEifu;ksa dk vkxeuA20- f”kokth vkSj is”kokvksa rFkk ejkBksa dk mRd'kZ] fl[k “kfDr dk mn;] ikuhir dk rhljk ;q)A21- eqxydky ds bfrgkl ds lzksr% Qkjlh rFkk ns”kt] fons”kh ;kf=;ksa ds o`RrkUrA

bfrgkl iz”u i=&AA¼[k.M d½

1- Hkkjr esa vaxszth “kklu dh LFkkiuk& bZLV bf.M;k dEiuh vkSj {ks=h; “kfDr;ksa ds lkFk lEcU/kA

2- vkSifuosf”kd vFkZ O;oLFkk& fVªcwV iz.kkyh] lEifRr dk viokg ¼Mªsu vkQ osYFk½ rFkk vukS|ksxhdj.k]foRrh; ,oa Hkw& jktLo O;oLFkk;sa ¼tehankjh] jS;rckjh vkSj egkyokjh O;oLFkk½] iz”kklfud uhfr;kW ,oa1857 rd fczfV”k jkT; dh lajpuk ¼laoS/kkfud fodkl lfgr½A

3- vkSifuosf'kd “kklu dk fojks/k& vkjfEHkd fonzksg] dkj.k] Lo:i ,oa 1857 ds fonzksg dk izHkko] 1858 ,oamlds ckn fczfV”k jkT; dk iquxZBuA

4- vkSifuosf”kd “kklu dk lkekftd& lkaLd`frd izHkko% “kkldh; lkekftd lq/kkj ds mik;] izkP;vkafXyd fookn] vaxzsth f”k{kk ,oa izsl dk vkxeu] bZlkbZ fe”kufj;ksa ds fdz;kdyki] caxky ,oa ns”k ds vU;Hkkxksa esa gq, lkekftd ,oa /kkfeZd lq/kkj vkUnksyuA

5- vkfFkZd uhfr;kW& 1858 ls 1914 rd% jsyos] Hkkjrh; d`f’k dk O;olk;hdj.k] Hkwfeghu Jfedksa ,oa xzkeh.k_.kxzLrrk esa c<+ksRrjh] vdky] fczfV”k m|ksx ds fy, Hkkjr ,d cktkj] Mªsu fl)kUrA

6- Hkkjrh; jk’Vªokn dk vkjfEHkd pj.k& lkekftd i`’BHkwfe] jktuhfrd laxBuksa dk xBu] izkjfEHkdjk’Vªoknh ;qx ds nkSjku d`’kd ,oa tutkrh; fonzksg] Hkkjrh; jk’Vªh; dkaxzsl dh LFkkiuk] dkaxzsl dkujeiaFkh pj.k] eqfLye yhx dk tUe] 1909 dk Hkkjrh; ifj’kn~ vf/kfu;e] 1919 dk Hkkjr ljdkjvf/kfu;eA

7- nks egk;q)ksa ds chp Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk% m|ksx rFkk laj{k.k dh leL;k] d`f’k lEcU/kh ladV] xzsVfMizs”ku] vksVkokdjkj rFkk i{kikriw.kZ laj{k.k] Je laxBuksa dk fodkl] fdlku vkUnksyuA

8- gkse :y vkanksyu] xkW/kh ds usr`Ro esa jk’Vªokn& xkW/kh ds fopkj vkSj tu tkx:drk dh fof/k;kW ,oavU; vkUnksyu] jkT;ksa esa gq, tu vkanksyu rFkk jk’Vªh; vkanksyu ds vU; rRo% ¼,½ Hkkjr ,oa fons”k esa gq,dzkfUrdkjh vkanksyu ¼ch½ LojkftLV] mnkjoknh] izfrlaosnh lg;ksx ¼lh½ Hkkjr esa okeiaFk dk mn; ¼Mh½lqHkk'k pUnz cksl ,oa bf.M;u us”kuy vkehZA

9- lkEiznkf;drk dk fodkl& dkj.k vU; lEcfU/kr ?kVuk;sa] eqfLye yhx] fgUnw egklHkk vkfn] jk’Vªh;vkanksyu ,oa efgyk;saA

10- lkfgfR;d ,oa lkaLd`frd fodkl& VSxksj] izsepUn] lqczkefu;e Hkkjrh] bdcky mnkgj.k ds :i esaA

jktuhfr foKku ,oa vUrjkZjk’Vªh; lEcU/k iz”u i=&AA¼Hkkx&v½

vUrjkZ’Vªh; lEcU/k&vUrjkZ’Vªh; jktuhfr ds fl)kUr&fons”kuhfr ds fu/kkZjd rRo&jk’Vªfgr ds lk/ku&

¼Hkkx&c½1-2-3-4-5-6-7-

¼19½ bfrgkl iz”u 1 ¼[k.M&d½-

1- 2-3-

4-5-

6-7-

8&910&11

¼[k.M&[k½13-

14-

15- Hkkjr ¼750bZ0 ls 1200bZ0 rd½%

16- Xkksj vkØe.k%17-

18- {ks=h; jktoa”kks dk mn;%19- eqxydky%

20-21-

bfrgkl iz”u i=&AA¼[k.M d½

1- Hkkjr esa vaxszth “kklu dh LFkkiuk&

2- vkSifuosf”kd vFkZ O;oLFkk&

3- vkSifuosf'kd “kklu dk fojks/k&

4- vkSifuosf”kd “kklu dk lkekftd&

5- vkfFkZd uhfr;kW&

6- Hkkjrh; jk’Vªokn dk vkjfEHkd pj.k&

7- nks egk;q)ksa ds chp Hkkjr dh vFkZO;oLFkk%

8- gkse :y vkanksyu] xkW/kh ds usr`Ro esa jk’Vªokn&

9- lkEiznkf;drk dk fodkl&

10- lkfgfR;d ,oa lkaLd`frd fodkl&

11- Lora=rk dh vksj& 1935 dk vf/kfu;e] dkaxzsl dk eaf=e.My ¼1937&1939½] ikfdLrku vkanksyuA

12- 1945 ds ckn dh ygj ¼ fonzksg] rsyaxkuk fonzksg vkfn½] laoS/kkfud okrkZ;sa rFkk lRrk gLrkUrj.k]RIN

Lora=rk ,oa foHkktuA

¼[k.M [k½

13- iqutkZxj.k] /keZ lq/kkj vkanksyu ,oa izfr/keZ lq/kkj vkanksyu] *izcks/ku^& dky] dkUV] :lks vkfn] ;wjksids ckgj *izcks/ku^& dk foLRkkj] lektoknh fopkjksa dk mn;A

14- vk/kqfud jktuhfr dk mn;& ;wjksih; jkT;&iz.kkyh] vesfjdh dzkfUr] Qzklhlh dzkfUr ¼1789&1815½,oa mlds ifj.kkeA

15- vkS|ksfxd dzkfUr& dkj.k ,oa lekt ij izHkko] vU; ns”kksa esa gq, vkS|ksxhdj.kA

16- jk’Vª jkT; iz.kkyh& 19oha “krkCnh esa jk’Vªokn dk mn;] teZuh ,oa bVyh dk ,dhdj.k] jk’Vªh;rkvksads vkfoHkkZo ls lkezkT;ksa dk fo?kVuA

17- lkezkT;okn ,oa mifuos”kokn& ,VykafVd ikj dk nkl O;kikj] ,f”k;kbZ fot;] lkezkT; ds izdkj%cLrhokys ,oa cLrh jfgr % ykrhuh vesfjdk] nf{k.kh vQzhdk] b.Mksusf”k;k] vkLVªsfy;k vkfnA

18- dzkfUr;kW rFkk izfr dkzfUr;kW] 19oha “krkCnh esa ;wjksih; dzkfUr;kW& 1917 dh :lh dzkfUr] Qklhoknh izfrdzkfUr& bVyh rFkk teZuh] 1949 dh phuh dzkfUr] 19- izFke ,oa f}rh; fo”o;q)& dkj.k] ifj.kke ,oavU; ?kVuk;saA

20- “khr;q)& nks xqVksa dk vkfoHkkZo ,oa vU; lacaf/kr ?kVuk;sa] r`rh; nqfu;kW dk mn; ,oa xqV fujis{krk]la;qDr jk’Vªla?k ,oa fooknksa dk lek/kkuA

21- mifuos”k ,oa mudh Lora=rk& ykrhuh vesfjdk ¼cksfyfo;k½] vjch nqfu;k ¼felz½] nf{k.k vQzhdk%jaxHksn uhfr ,oa yksdra= dh vksj] nf{k.kh&iwoZ ,f”k;k ¼fo;ruke½A

22- mifuos”kokn dk var rFkk vfodklhdj.k& vkSifuosf”kd lkezkT;ksa dk fo?kVu] fodkl ds vojks/kdkjd&¼ykrhuh vesfjdk] vQzhdk ,oa ,f”k;k½A

23- lksfo;r la?k dk fo?kVu ,oa ,d /kzqoh; fo”o& dkjd] ifj.kke ,oa vU; ?kVuk;as] oS”ohdj.kA

¼20½ lekt dk;Z izFke iz'ui=¼lekt dk;Z ds vk/kkj % vo/kkj.kk] ,sfrgkfld fodkl ,oa iz.kkfy;kWa½

¼Hkkx&1½lekt dk;Z& vo/kkj.kk] ifjHkk"kk;sa ,oa lEcfU/kr vo/kkj.kk;sa% lekt lsok lekt dY;k.k] lkekftdlqj{kk ,oa lkekftd lq/kkj mn~ns';] ekU;rk;sa] fl)kUr ,oa izdk;Z] lekt dk;Z ,oa lkekftd U;k;]lekt dk;Z ,oa ekuo vf/kdkjAlekt dk;Z% lekt dk;Z vH;kl dk lEkku vk/kkj] n'kZu ,oa ewY; rFkk Hkkjr o"kZ esa lekt dk;Z ,dO;oLkk; ds :i esa A;w0ds0] ;w0,l0,0 rFkk Hkkjr o"kZ esa ,sfrgkfld fodklAoS;fDRkd lekt dk;Z% vo/kkj.kk] mn~ns';] vaxHkwr] izfØ;k;sa rFkk drkZ&lsokFkhZ lEcU/kAlkewfgd lekt dk;Z& vo/kkj.kk] mn~ns';] fl)kUr] fuiq.krk;sa rFkk lkewfgd lekt dk;ZdrkZ dhHkwfedkA

¼Hkkx&2½lkeqnkf;d laxBu% vo/kkj.kk] pj.k ,oa <ax] fl)kUr% lkeqnkf;d fu;kstu ,oa leqnk; lesdu]lkeqnkf;d laxBu drkZ dh Hkwfedk] lkeqnkf;d laXkBu ,oa lkeqnkf;d fodklAlekt dY;k.k iz'kklu% vko/kkj.kk] ifjHkk"kk;s rFkk lekt dk;Z dh ,d iz.kkyh ds :i esa lekt dY;k.kiz'kkluAlEcfU/kr vo/kkj.kk;sa% lkekftd iz'kklu ,oa yksd iz'kklu] iksLMdkcZ] fu.kZ; ysus dh izfØ;k]laxBukRed fodkl ,oa ykxr& fgr YkkHk fo'ys"k.k] ikjnf'kZrk ,oa mRrjnkf;Roiw.kZrk] Vhe fuekZ.k ,oausr`RoAlekt dk;Z vuqla/kku% vo/kkj.kk] lkekftd vuqla/kku ,o alekt dk;Z vuqla/kku] lkekftd vuqla/kku dspj.k] vuqla/kku izjpuk] fun'kZu] vkadM+ksa ds ladyu ds L=ksr] midj.k ,oa <ax] vkdM+ksa dk izØe.k]vakdM+ksa dk fo'ys"k.k ,oa izfrosnu] lgHkkxh vuqlU/kkuAlkekftd fØ;k% vo/kkj.kk] izk:i ,oa j.kuhfr;ka] lkekftd fØ;k ,oa lkekftd vkUnksyu] iSjoh] ykfcax,oa latky] loksZn;] vUR;ksn; ,oa yksd'kfDRk ds vfHkxeAlekt dk;Z vH;kl ds vk;ke% lesfdr] ikfjfLFkfrdh] O;oLFkk ifjorZu] vkewypwy ifjorZu ¼jsfMdy½,oa lkekU;hd`r ¼tuZfyLV½A

lekt dk;Z f}rh; iz'ui=lkeftd leL;kvksa dk cks/k ,oa lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi ds {ks=

¼Hkkx&A½lkekftd leL;k& vo/kkj.kk ,oa lkekftd leL;k ds v/;;u gsrq vfHkxeAlekt dk;Z gLr{ksi& vo/kkj.kk] vko';drk] egRo ,oa vfHkxeAifjokj ,oa lEcfU/kr leL;k;sa& ifjokj% vo/kkj.kk ,oa izdkjlEcfU/kr leL;k;sa& ngst] cky fookg] rykd] ikfjokfjd fgalk] fyo&bu&fjys'kuf'ki ls tqM+seqnns] dk;Zjr nEifRr;ksa okys ifjokj] fyax vlekurk] izoklh eqf[k;k okys ifjokjAbu {ks=ksa esa lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi dh izd`fr ,oa rduhfd;kaAdetksj oxZ rFkk buls lEcfU/kr leL;k;sadetksj oxZ& vo/kkj.kk ,oa fo”ks’krk;salacaf/kr oxksZ dh leL;k;sa& vuqlwfpr tkfr@vuqlwfpr tutkfr@vU; fiNM+s oxZ@xSjvf/klwfpr tutkfrAbu {ks=ksa esa lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi dh izd`fr ,oa rduhfd;kaAvo/kkj.kk;sa] buls lacaf/kr eqn~ns ,oa leL;k;sa& tkfrokn] lEiznk;okn] Uk`tkfr;rk] vkradokn]foLFkkiu] okrkoj.kh; {kj.kAbu {ks=ksa esa lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi dh izd`fr ,oa rduhfd;kaAfopyu ls lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk;sa] eqn~ns ,oa leL;k;sa& cky HkxksM+kiu] vkokjkxnhZ] cky vijk/k]vijk/k] lQsniks'k vijk/k] laxfBr vijk/k] os';ko`fRr] lkbcj vijk/k] vkRegR;k rFkk ,M~lAbu {ks=ksa esa lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi dh izd`fr ,oa rduhfd;kaAlkekftd cqjkbZ;ksa ls lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk;sa] eqn~ns ,oa LkeL;k;sa& 'kjkc[kksjh] eknd nzO; O;lu]fHk{kko`fRr] Hkz"VkpkjAbu {ks=ksa esa lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi dh izd`fr ,oa rduhfd;kaAlkekftd lajpuk ls lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk;sa] eqn~ns ,oa leL;k;sa& xjhch] csjkstxkjh] cU/kqvk etnwj]cky etnwj] vlaxfBr {ks= ds etnwj] dU;kHkwz.k gR;kAbu {ks=ksa esa lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi dh izd`fr ,oa rduhfd;kaAdY;k.kdkjh jkT;& vo/kkj.kk ,oa fo'ks"krk,adsUnzh; lekt dY;k.k ifj"kn& lajpuk ,oa izdk;Z

¼Hkkx&AA½lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi ds {ks=% vo/kkj.kk] laoS/kkfud ,oa fo/kk;h izR;qRrj] uhfr;ka ,oa dk;ZØe& cky

11- Lora=rk dh vksj&

12-

¼[k.M [k½

13- iqutkZxj.k] /keZ lq/kkj vkanksyu ,oa izfr/keZ lq/kkj vkanksyu] *izcks/ku^&

14- vk/kqfud jktuhfr dk mn;&

15- vkS|ksfxd dzkfUr&

16- jk’Vª jkT; iz.kkyh&

17- lkezkT;okn ,oa mifuos”kokn&

18- dzkfUr;kW rFkk izfr dkzfUr;kW] 19oha “krkCnh esa ;wjksih; dzkfUr;kW&

20- “khr;q)&

21- mifuos”k ,oa mudh Lora=rk&

22- mifuos”kokn dk var rFkk vfodklhdj.k&

23- lksfo;r la?k dk fo?kVu ,oa ,d /kzqoh; fo”o&

¼20½ lekt dk;Z izFke iz'ui=¼lekt dk;Z ds vk/kkj % vo/kkj.kk] ,sfrgkfld fodkl ,oa iz.kkfy;kWa½

¼Hkkx&1½lekt dk;Z&

lekt dk;Z%

oS;fDRkd lekt dk;Z%lkewfgd lekt dk;Z&

¼Hkkx&2½lkeqnkf;d laxBu%

lEcfU/kr vo/kkj.kk;sa%

lekt dk;Z vuqla/kku%

lkekftd fØ;k%

lekt dk;Z vH;kl ds vk;ke%

lekt dk;Z f}rh; iz'ui=lkeftd leL;kvksa dk cks/k ,oa lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi ds {ks=

¼Hkkx&A½lkekftd leL;k&lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi&ifjokj ,oa lEcfU/kr leL;k;sa&lEcfU/kr leL;k;sa&

detksj oxZ rFkk buls lEcfU/kr leL;k;sadetksj oxZ&lacaf/kr oxksZ dh leL;k;sa&

vo/kkj.kk;sa] buls lacaf/kr eqn~ns ,oa leL;k;sa&

fopyu ls lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk;sa] eqn~ns ,oa leL;k;sa&

lkekftd cqjkbZ;ksa ls lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk;sa] eqn~ns ,oa LkeL;k;sa&

lkekftd lajpuk ls lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk;sa] eqn~ns ,oa leL;k;sa&

dY;k.kdkjh jkT;&dsUnzh; lekt dY;k.k ifj"kn&

¼Hkkx&AA½lekt dk;Z gLr{ksi ds {ks=%

Cont...Cont...

fodkl] ;qok fodkl] efgyk l'kfDRkdj.k] detksj oxksZ dk fodkl] o`)kas dk dY;k.k] fnO;kax tuksa dkdY;k.k] xzkeh.k fodkl] uxjh; lkeqnkf;d fodkl] fpfdRldh; ,oa euf'pfdRldh; lekt dk;Z]m|ksx eas lekt dk;Z] lq/kkjkRed lekt dk;Z] fo|ky;h lekt dk;Z] 'kgjh efyu cfLr;kaA

¼21½ u` foKku % iz”u i=&A1- ¼1½ ekuofoKku% vFkZ] {ks= ,oa fodkl¼2½ ekuofoKku dk vU; fo’k;ksa ls lEcU/k% bfrgkl] vFkZ”kkL=] lekt”kkL=] euksfoKku] jktuhfr foKku]tSo foKku rFkk vkS’kf/k foKkuA¼3½ ekuofoKku dh izeq[k “kk[kk,a] muds {ks= ,oa izklafxdrkA2- ¼1½ ekuo mn~fodkl rFkk ekuo dk vkfoHkkZo % tSfod mn~fodkl] mn~fodkl ds fl)kUr& izkxMkfoZuhMkfoZuh] rFkk mRrj MkfoZuhA mn~fodkl dk vk/kqfud laf”y’V fl)kUrA¼2½ O;ofLFkrh foKku ,oa ofxZdh] izeq[k izkbesV ofxZdh] gksfeukbfMvk ,oa gksfefuMh dh O;ofLFkrdh]ekuo ,oa okujkHk esa “kjhj&jpukRed rqyuk] m/oZ lafLFkrh ds dkj.k dadky esa gq, ifjorZu ,oa bldsifj.kkeA¼3½ ekuo dh mRifRr ,oa mn~fodkl] fuEufyf[kr iwoZ izfruwru thok’e izbesV~l dh tkfro`fRrdfLFk fr] y{k.k ,o a forj.k& vkfjvk s fiFk sdl] nf{ k. k ,o a i wo Z vQ z hdhgksfefuM~l&Iyhft;uFkzk Wil] vkWLVª syksfiFksdl vQzhdkul] isjkUFkzkil] vkWLVª syksfiFksdljkscLVl rFkk lEcfU/kr fLi”kht3- ¼1½ gkseks dk mn; % gkseks bjsDVl ,oa ledkyhuA¼2½ fu;UMjFky ekuo% gkseks fuUMjFkysfUll ,oa vU; iqjkru gkseks lsfi;Ul] izksxzsflofu;UMjFky&Dykfld fu;UMjFky ¼yk&”kSikys&vkWlk½ izksxzsflo fu;UMjFky ¼ekmUV dkjesykbV~l½¼3½ jksMsf”k;u ekuo A¼4½ gkseks lsfi;Ul lsfi;Ul ¼mPp izkfruwru½ dkzs&eSXuu] pkUlysM ,oa xzhekYMh4- ¼1½ ekuo vkuqoaf”kdh % vFkZ] {ks= ,oa “kk[kk,a] bldk vU; foKkuksa ls lEcU/k¼2½ ekuo ifjokj esa vkuqoaf”kdh fl)kUrksa ds v/;;u dh i)fr ¼oa”ko`{k v/;;u] ;qXe v/;;u] ikfyrlarku] lg&;qXe i)fr] tSo jklk;fud i)fr;kW] izfrj{kd i)fr;kW] Mh ,u , rduhdA½¼3½ ekuo & ifjokj v/;;u lEcU/kh esUMsfy;u vkuqoaf”kdrk] ,dy dkjd] cgq dkjd] ekuo esa cgqvkuqoaf”kdrkA vkuqoaf”kd cgq:iokn ,oa ifjo/kZu] esUMyh; ikWiqys”ku gkMhZ& osucxZ fu;e] vUr% ladjrk]vkuqoaf”kd Hkkj] jDr&lEcU/kksa rFkk eesjs&QqQsjs HkkbZ&cguksa ds oSokfgd lEcU/kksa esa vkuqoaf”kdrk dkizHkkoA¼4½ ekuo esa xq.klw= ,oa xq.klw=h; foiFkxeu i)fr rFkk forj.k] vkuqoaf”kdh ijke”kZA5- iztkfr dh vo/kkj.kk% iztkfr rFkk iztkfrokn] iztkrh; oxhZdj.k] ekuo eas u`tkrh; oxZ& fo”ks’krk,W ,oaforj.kA6- ikfjfLFkfrdh; ekuofoKku% vo/kkj.kk ,oa i)fr;k¡] tSo& lkaLd`frd vuwdwyuA7- ¼1½ ekuo o`f) rFkk fodkl % vo/kkj.kk rFkk o`f) ,oa fodkl dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] o`f) dsv/;;u dh i)fr;kW¼2½ tuu”kfDr iztuu{kerk] tUenj ,oa e`R;qnj dks izHkkfor djus okys tSfod ,oa lkekftd&ikfjfLFkfrdh; dkjdA8- “kkjhfjd ekuofoKku rFkk ekuo vkuqoaf”kdh dh mi;ksfxrkA9- ¼1½ izkxSfrgkfld iqjkrRo ds fl)kUr izkxSfrgkfld laLd`fr;ksa dh foLr`r :ijs[kk % ¼A½ ¼AA½iqjkik’kk.ke/;ik’kk.k uo ik’kk.k rkezik’kk.k¼pkYdksfyfFkd½ rkez&dkaL; ;qx¼AAA½ ¼ ½iv ¼ ½v

¼2½ frfFk% fu/kkZj.k dh izfof/k;k¡& lkis{k rFkk fujis{k frfFk fu/kkZj.kA10- ¼1½ laLd`fr dh izd`fr% laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk dh vo/kkj.kk ,oa fo”ks’krk,a] u`tkrh; dsUnzLFkrk ,oaLkakLd`frd lkis{koknA¼2½ lekt dh izd`fr% lekt dh vo/kkj.kk] lekt vkSj laLd`fr] lkekftd laLFkk] lkekftd lewg]lkekftd laLrj.kA¼3½ fookg% ifjHkk’kk ,oa lkoZHkkSfedrk] fookg ds fu;e] vUrfoZokg] cfgfoZokg] vuqykse] foykse]fudVkfHkxeu] fookg ds izdkj&¼,dfookg] cgqfookg½] fookg ds izdk;Z] fookg ds fu;e ¼vf/kekU;½ vkSjfookg vnk;xh ¼o/kw/ku] ngst½¼4½ ifjokj] x`gLFkh ,oa x`glewg% ifjHkk’kk vkSj lkoZHkkSfedrk] izdk;Z vkSj izdkj ¼lajpuk] jDr lEcU/k]fookg vkSj mRrjkf/kdkj ds lanHkZ esa½] uxjhdj.k dk izHkkoA¼5½ ukrsnkjh% jDr lEcU/kh ,oa fookg lEcU/kh] oa”k ds izdkj ,oa fu;e ¼,dh;] f}i{kh;] f}js[kh;]mHk;i{kh;½] oa”k lewg ds izdkj ¼yhfu;st] xks=] QSzVjh] ekWbVh rFkk fdUMªsM½] ukrsnkjh “kCnkoyh¼o.kkZukRed vkSj oxkZRed½A11- vkfFkZd laxBu% vkfFkZd ekuofoKku dk vFkZ] {ks= vkSj egRo] vkSipkfjd rFkk rkfydk ppkZ] f”kdkjvk[ksVd rFkk [kk|&laxzgd] eNyh idM+us okys] pkjkxkg] ikS/k ckxokuh] rFkk d`f’k ij fuHkZj jgus okysleqnk;ksa esa mRiknu] forj.k rFkk fofu;e; dks fu;af=r j[kus okys fu;e ¼ikfjLifjdrk] iqufoZrj.k rFkkcktkj½12- jktuSfrd laxBu % izdkj&cS.M] tutkfr] vf/kuk;dokn] jkt”kkgh] jkT;] lRrk] izkf/kdkj ,oa oS/krkdh vo/kkj.kk] lkekftd fu;U=.k] ljy lektksa esa dkuwu ,oa U;k;A13- /keZ% /keZ ds v/;;u esa ekuo”kkL=h; n`f’Vdks.k ¼fodkloknh] euksoSKkfud rFkk izdk;Zoknh½],dbZ”ojokn] cgqnsoRookn] feFkd ,oa vuq’Bku] tutkrh; ,oa d`’kd lektksa esa tknqbZ& /kkfeZd fo”oklkasds :i ¼vkRekokn] thookn] oLrqiwtkokn] izd`frokn ,oa VksVeokn½] /keZ] tknw rFkk foKku esa vUrj]tknqbZ& /kkfeZd fdz;kvksa ds fu’iknd ¼iqtkjh] “kkeu] fpfdRld] tknwxj o vks>k½14- ekuo”kkL=h; fl)kUr % “kkL=h; mn~fodklokn&ekWxZu] Vkbyj]Qzstj] & izlkjokn& fczfV”k]i ii

teZu] rFkk vesfjdu izdk;Zokn& eSfyuksoLdh]lajpukRed izdk;Zokn& jsMfDyQ czkmu &iii iv

lajpukokn& ysoh LVªkWl & laLd`fr o O;fDrRo& csusfMDV]ehM] fyUVu] dkfMZuj] dksjk&Mq&ckW;t &v vi

uomn~fodklokn&pkbYM] OgkbV]LVqoVZ lkaLd`frd HkkSfrdrkokn& ekfou gSfjlvii

15- ¼1½ lkaLd`frd ekuofoKku esa vuqlU/kku i)fr%& ekuofoKku esa {ks=& dk;Z ijEijk] izfof/k] i)frrFkk i)fr”kkL= esa vUrj] rF; ladyu ds rjhds& ifjos{k.k] lk{kkRdkj] vuqlwph] iz”ukoyh] dslfgLVªh]dslLVMh rFkk oa”kkoyh] lwpukvksa ds f}rh;d L=ksrA¼2½ vUrZ& lkaLd`frd v/;;u ,oa fu;fU=r rqyukA

u` foKku iz”u i=&II

1- Hkkjrh; laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk dk mn; ,oa fodkl% izkxSfrgkfld ¼iqjkik’kk.k] e/;ik’kk.k] uoik’kk.k ,oarkezik’kk.k½] vk| ,sfrgkfld ¼flU/kq lH;rk½A2- Hkkjr dk tulkaf[;dh; js[kk fp=% Hkkjrh; tula[;k esa u`tkrh; rFkk Hkk’kk;h rRo vkSj mudkforj.kA3- ikjEifjd Hkkjrh; lekt dh lajpuk ,oa izdk;Z% o.kkZJe] iq:’kkFkZ] deZ] _.k vkSj iqutZUeA4- Hkkjr esa tkfr O;oLFkk% lajpuk ,oa fo”ks’krk,a% o.kZ ,oa tkfr] izHkqtkfr] tkfr&xfr”khyrk] ttekuhizFkk] tutkfr&tkfr fujUrjrkA5- ifo= ladqy] izd`fr% ekuo vkSj thokRe ladqyA6- Hkkjrh; lekt ¼tutkfr;ksa lfgr½ ij /keksZ dk izHkko% ckS)] tSu] bLyke rFkk bZlkb;rA7- Hkkjr esa ekuo foKku dk mn; ,oa fodkl% vkjfEHkd fo}ku&iz”kkldksa dk ;ksxnkuA tutkfr&tkfrv/;;uksa esa ekuo “kkfL=;ksa dk ;ksxnkuA

¼21½ u` foKku % iz”u i=&A1- ¼1½ ekuofoKku%¼2½ ekuofoKku dk vU; fo’k;ksa ls lEcU/k%

¼3½2- ¼1½ ekuo mn~fodkl rFkk ekuo dk vkfoHkkZo %

¼2½

¼3½

3- ¼1½ gkseks dk mn; %¼2½ fu;UMjFky ekuo%

¼3½¼4½4- ¼1½ ekuo vkuqoaf”kdh %¼2½

¼3½ ekuo &

¼4½5- iztkfr dh vo/kkj.kk%

6- ikfjfLFkfrdh; ekuofoKku%7- ¼1½ ekuo o`f) rFkk fodkl %

¼2½

8-9- ¼1½ izkxSfrgkfld iqjkrRo ds fl)kUr izkxSfrgkfld laLd`fr;ksa dh foLr`r :ijs[kk % ¼A½ ¼AA½

¼AAA½ ¼ ½iv ¼ ½v

¼2½ frfFk%10- ¼1½ laLd`fr dh izd`fr%

¼2½ lekt dh izd`fr%

¼3½ fookg%

¼4½ ifjokj] x`gLFkh ,oa x`glewg%

¼5½ ukrsnkjh%

11- vkfFkZd laxBu%

12- jktuSfrd laxBu %

13- /keZ%

14- ekuo”kkL=h; fl)kUr %

15- ¼1½ lkaLd`frd ekuofoKku esa vuqlU/kku i)fr%&

¼2½ vUrZ&u` foKku iz”u i=&II

1- Hkkjrh; laLd`fr vkSj lH;rk dk mn; ,oa fodkl%

2- Hkkjr dk tulkaf[;dh; js[kk fp=%

3- ikjEifjd Hkkjrh; lekt dh lajpuk ,oa izdk;Z%4- Hkkjr esa tkfr O;oLFkk%

5- ifo= ladqy] izd`fr%6- Hkkjrh; lekt ¼tutkfr;ksa lfgr½ ij /keksZ dk izHkko%7- Hkkjr esa ekuo foKku dk mn; ,oa fodkl%

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22- flfoy vfHk;kÇ=dh (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

PAPER-I

PART-A

(a) Theory of Structures: Simple stress and strain, Elastic constants, Axially loaded

compression members, Shear force and bending moment, Theory of simple bending,

Shear stress distributions across sections, Beams of uniform strength.

Deflection of beams: Mecaulay's method, Mohr's moment area method, Conjugate beam

method, Unit load method, Elastic stability of columns,

Castiglianio's theorems I and II, unit load method of consistent deformation applied to

beams and pin jointed trusses. Slope-deflection and moment distribution methods.

Rolling loads and influences lines: Influence lines for shear Force and Bending moment at

a section of a beam. Criteria for maximum shear force and bending moment in beams

traversed by a system of moving loads. Influences lines for simply supported plane pin

jointed trusses.

Arches: Three hinged, two hinged and fixed arches, rib shortening and temperature

effects.

Matrix mehods of analysis: Force method and displacement method of analysis of

indeterminate beams and rigid frames.

Plastic-analysis of beams and frames: Theory of plastic bending, Plastic analysis statical

method, Mechanism method.

Unsymmetrical bending: Moment of inertia, position of Neutral axis and Principal axes,

Calculation of bending stresses.

(b) Design of Concrete structures: Concept of mix design. Reinforced concrete:

Working stress and limit state method of design. Recommendation of B.I.S. Codes. Design

of one- way and two-way slabs, stair-case, slabs, simple and continuous beams of

rectangular, T and L sections. Compression members under direct load with or without

eccentricity.

Cantilever and Counter-fort type retaining walls.

Water Tanks: Design requirements for rectangular and circular tanks resting on ground.

Prestressed Concrete: Methods and systems of prestressing, anchorages, Analysis and

design of sections for flexure based on working stress, loss of prestress. Earthquake

Resistant Design of Buildings as per BIS codes.

Introduction to computer aided design of structure

(c) Steel Structural : Factors of safety and load factors. Riveted, bolted and welded joints

and connections. Design of tension and compression members, beams of built up section,

riveted and welded plate girders, gantry girders, stancheons with battens and lacings.

PART-B

(a) Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties, types of fluids and their role in fluid motion.

Kinematics and dynamics of fluids flow: velocity and acceleration, stream lines,

equation of continuity, irrotational and rotational flow, velocity potential and stream

functions.

Continuity, momentum, energy equations Navier Stokes equation, Euler's equation

of motion Bernoulli's equation. Applications to fluid flow problems e.g. pipe flow, sluice

gates, weirs, etc.

Laminar Flow: Laminar and turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate, laminar sub-layer,

smooth and rough boundaries, submerged flow, drag and lift forces.

Turbulent flow through pipes: Characteristics of turbulent flow, velocity distribution and

variation of pipe friction factor, Hydraulic grade line and total energy line.

(b) Hydraulics: Uniform and non-uniform flows, momentum and energy correction

factors, specific energy and specific force, critical depth, gradually varied flow,

classification of surface profiles, control section, step method of integration of varied flow

equations, rapidly varied flow, hydraulic jump. Surges.

Hydraulic Machines and Hydropower: Hydraulic turbines and their classification, choice

of turbines, performance parameters, controls, Characteristics, specific speed, Principles

of hydropower development.

(c) Geotechnical Engineering: Soil types and structure, gradation and particle size

distribution,Atterberg's limits.

Flow through porous media: Effective stress and pore water Pressure, permeability

concept, field and laboratory determination of permeability, Seepage pressure, quick sand

condition.

Compaction of soil: Laboratory and field tests. Compressibility and consolidation theory,

consolidation settlement analysis. Shear strength determination Mohr coulomb theory.

Stress distribution in soils Boussinesque and Westergaard's analysis, Earth pressure

theory and analysis for retaining walls, application for sheet piles and Braced excavation.

Bearing capacity of soil:Approaches for analysis, fields tests, settlement analysis, stability

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of slopes.

Foundation: Type and selection criteria for foundation of structures, Design criteria for

foundation, Analysis of distribution of stress for footings and pile, pile group action, pile

load tests.

Subsuface exploration of soils, Ground improvement and soil stablisation techniques.

flfoy vfHk;kf+=adh (CIVIL ENGINEERING)

PAPER-II

PART-A

(a) Construction Technology, Planning and Management:

Building Materials: Physical Properties of construction materials with respect to their use,

Stones, Bricks, Tiles, Lime, Cement, Mortars, Concrete,

Timber: Properties, defects and common preservation treatments, Ferro cement, fibre

reinforced cement High strength concrete.

Use and selection of materials for various uses e.g. Low cost housing, mass housing, High

rise buildings.

Building Constructions: Masonry Constructions using Brick, stone construction

detailing and strength characteristics.

Paints, varnishes, plastics, water proofing and damp proofing materials, Detailing of walls,

floors, roofs staircases doors and windows. Plastering, pointing , flooring , roofing and

construction features.Common repairs in buildings.

Principle of planning of buildings for residents and specific use, Building code provisions

and use.

Basic principles of detailed and Approximate estimating, specifications, rate analysis,

principles of valuation of real property. Machinery for earthwork, concreting and their

specific uses, Factors affecting selection of construction equipments, operating cost of

equipments.

Construction activity, schedules, organizations, Quality assurance principles. Basic

principle of network, CPM and PERT uses in construction monitoring, Cost optimization

and resource allocation. Basic principles of Economic analysis and methods.

Project Profitability: Basic principles of financial planning, simple toll fixation criterions.

(b) Surveying: Common methods and instruments for distance and angle measurement

for Civil Engg.works, their use in plane table, traverse survey, leveling, triangulation,

contouring and topographical maps. Basic principles of photogrammetry and remote

sensing. Introduction to Geographical information system.

(c) Highway Engineering: Principles of Highway alignments, classification and

geometrical design, elements and standards for roads.

Pavement structure for flexible and rigid pavements, Design principles and methodology.

Construction methods and materials for stabilized soil, WBM, Bituminous works and CC

roads.

Surface and sub-surface drainage arrangements for roads, culvert structures.

Pavement distresses and strengthening by overlays.

Traffic surveys and their application in traffic planning, Typical design features for

channelized, intersection rotary etc., signal designs, standard traffic signs and markings.

(d) Railway Engineering: Permanent way, ballast, sleeper, chair and fastenings, points

crossings, different types of turn outs, cross-over, setting out of points, Maintenances of

track, super elevation, creep of rails, ruling gradients, track resistance, tractive effort, curve

resistance, Station yards and station, station buildings, platform sidings turn outs, Signals

and interlocking, Level Crossings.

PART- B

(a) Water Resources Engineering:

Hydrology: Hydrologic cycle, precipitation, evaporation , transpiration, infiltration, overland

flow, hydrograph, flood frequency analysis, flood routing through a reservoir, channel flow

routing- Muskingam method.

Ground Water flow: Specific yield, storage coefficient, coefficient of permeability,

confined and unconfined aquifers, radial flow into a well under confined and unconfined

conditions. Open wells and Tubewells.

Ground and surface water resources, single and multipurpose projects, storage capacity of

reservoirs, reservoir losses, reservoir sedimentation.

Water requirements of crops, consumptive use, duty and delta, irrigation methods and their

efficiencies.

Canals: Distribution systems for canal irrigation, canal capacity, canal losses, alignment of

main and distributory canals, most efficient section, lined canals and their design, regime

theory, critical shear stress, bed load.

Water logging: causes and control, salinity.

Canal structures: Design of head regulators, canal falls, aqueducts, metering flumes and

canal outlets.

Diversion head work: Principles and design of weirs on permeable and impermeable

foundation, Khosla's theory.

Storage works: Types of dams, design, principle of gravity and earth dams, stability

analysis.

Spillways: Spillway types, energy dissipation.

River training: Objectives of river training, methods of river training and bank protection.

(b) Environmental Engineering:

Water Supply: predicting demand for water, impurities of water and their significance,

physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis, waterborne diseases, standards for

potable water.

Intake of Water: Water treatments: principles of coagulation, flocculation and

sedimentation, slow, rapid and pressure filters, chlorination, softening, removal of tests,

odour and salinity.

Sewerage Systems: Domestic and industrial wastes, storm sewage, separate and

combined systems, flow through sewers, design of sewers.

Sewage Characterisation: BOD,COD, solids, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and TOC.

Standards of disposal in normal water course and on land.

Sewage Treatment: Working principle, units, chambers, sedimentation tank, trickling

filters, oxidation ponds, activated sludge process, septic tank, disposal of sludge, recycling

of waste water.

Solid waste management: Collection and disposal in rural and urban contexts,

management of solid waste.

Environmental pollution: Sustainable development, Radioactive wastes and disposal.

Environmental impact assessment for thermal power plants, mines, river valley projects.

Air and water pollution control acts.

flfoy vfHk;kf+=adh

23. MECHANICAL ENGINEERING: PAPER-I¼;kaf=d vfHk;kf+=adh½(PART-A)

1. Kinematic and dynamic anyalysis of planer mechanisms, belt andTheory of Mechines:

chain drives, gears and gear train, cams, flywheel and governors. Balancing of rotating

and reciprocating masses, single and multi cylinder Engines.

2. Vibrating systems, single degree freedom systems, naturalMechanical Vibrations:

frequency, damped and forced vibrations, resonance, force transmissibility, two degree of

freedom systems, vibration absorbers, whirling of shafts and critical speeds.

3. Stress and strain, elastic constants, uniaxial loading, thermalMechanics of Solids:

stress, two dimensional stress analysis, principal stresses, generalised Hook's law, total

and distorsion strain energy, theories of failures, bending and shear stresses in beams,

Torsion of shafts, Close coiled Helical springs, Thin and thick pressure versels, rotating

discs, Buckling of columns.

4. Basic concept of structure of solids, crystalline materials,Engineering Materials:

crystal defects, alloys and binary phase diagrams, structures and properties of common

engineering materials. Basics of polymers, ceramics and composite materials; Iron-

Carbon equilibrium diagram, heat treatment of steels.

(PART-B)

5. Machine tool Engineering, Merchant's force analysis, Taylor'sManufacturing Science:

tool life equation, conventional machining, NC and CNC machining Processes, jigs and

fixtures, standard forming and welding processes.

6. EDM, ECM, Ultrasonic machining, waterNon Convensional Machining Processes:

jet machining etc, application of lasers and plasmas, energy rate calculations. Metrology:

concept of fits and tolerances, tools and gauges, comparators, inspection of length,

position, profile and surface finish.

7. Product development, value analysis, Break-evenManufacturing Management:

analysis, forecasting techniques, Operation Scheduling, Capacity Planning, Assembly

line balancing, CPM and PERT, Inventory control, ABC Analysis, EOQ model, material

requirement planning, job design, job standards, method study and work measurements.

8. Quality analysis, control charts, acceptance, sampling, total qualityQuality Management:

management, Operations research, linear programming, graphical and simplex methods,

Transportation and assignmentmodels, single Serve queueing model,Value Engineering.

¼;kaf=d vfHk;kf+=adh½ MECHANICAL ENGINEERING: PAPER-II

(PART-A)

1. Laws of thermodynamics and their applications; T-ds equations,Thermodynamics:

Maxwell and Clapeyron equation and their uses;Availability and irreversibility.

2. Properties and classification of fluids, Manometry, forces onFluid Mechanics:

immersed sunfaces, stability of floating bodies, Kinematics and dynamics of

incompressible fluids. Laminar and turbulent boundary layer flows. Bernoulli's equation,

fully developed flow through pipes.

3. Modes of heat transfer, One dimensional steady and unsteadyHeat Transfer:

conduction. Heat transfer through extended surfaces. Free and forced convective heat

transfer, Empirical correlations in laminar and turbulent flows, Heat Exchangers, Radiation

heat transfer laws, shape factor, heat exchange between black and gray surfaces.

4. Vapour compression, vapour absorption, steamRefrigeration and Air Conditioning:

jet and air refrigeration systems, Desirable properties of refrigerants, eco- friendly

refrigerants,Analysis of compressors, condensers, expansion valves and evaporaters.

(PART- B)

5. Classification, Thermodynamic cycles of operation, PerformanceI.C Engines:

Calculations, Heat balance sheet, Combustion in S.I and C.I Engines, normal and

abnormal combustion, knocking and detonation. Effect of variables on knocking and

detonation, Fuels used in S.I and C.I Engines, Fuel injection, carburetion and multi point

fuels injection (MPFI) Supercharging, Engine cooling, Emission and Control, Turboprop

and Rocket Engines.

6. Modern steam Generators, Rankine cycle, Modified RankineSteam Engineering:

cycle and analysis, Natural and artificial draught, flow of steam in convergent and

divergent nozzles, pressure at throat for maximum discharge, super saturated flow in

nozzles, Wilson line.

7. Classification, Continuity, momentum and energy equations, FlowTurbomachines:

analysis in axial and centrifugal compressors and turbines, Dimensional analysis and

modelling. Performance of Pumps, Compressors and turbines.

8. Site selection for Steam, Hydro Nuclear and Gas PowerPower Plant Engineering:

Plants, dust removal equipments, fuel handling and cooling water system.

Thermodynamic analysis of steam and gas turbine power plants, governing of turbines.

Solar, Wind and Nuclear Power Plants, Economic power generation.

24. ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING:¼fon~;qr vfHk;kf+=adh½PAPER-I

(IE.M. Theory: Analysis of Electrostatic and magetostatic Fields, Laplace, Poisson &

Maxwell's equation. Electromagnetic wave equations. Poynting's Theorem. Waves on

transmission lines. Wave-guides. Microwave resonators.

(ii) Networks & Systems: Systems and signals, Network Theorems and their

applications. Transient and steady-state analysis of systems. Transform techniques and

circuit analysis, Coupled circuits. Resonant circuits, Balanced three-phase circuits.

Network functions. Two-port network. Network parameters. Elements of network

synthesis. Elementary active networks.

(iii) Electrical & Electronic Measurement & Instrumentation: Basic methods of

Measurement. Error analysis, Electrical Standards. Measurement of voltage, current,

power, energy, power-factor, resistance, inductance, capacitance, frequency and loss-

angles. Indicating instruments. DC and AC Bridges, Electronic measuring instruments.

Multi-meter, digital voltmeter, frequency counter, Q-meter, oscilloscope, techniques,

special purpose CRO's. Transducers and their classifications. Thermo-couple, thermistor,

RTD, LVDT, strain-gauges. Piezo-electric transducers etc.,Application of tranducers in the

measurement of non-electrical quantities like pressure, temperature, displacement,

velocity acceleration, flow-rate etc.; Data-acquisition systems.

(iv) Analog & Digital Electronics: semiconductors, semiconductor diodes & zener-

diode, Bi-polar junction transistor and their parameters. Transistor biasing, analysis of all

types of amplifiers including feedback and D.C. amplifiers; Operational amplifiers and their

application; Feedback oscillators: Colpitts and Hartley types, waveform generators; Multi-

vibrators; Boolean algebra. Logic gates Combinational and sequential digital circuits.

Semiconductor memories. A/D & D/A converters; Microprocessor. Number system and

codes, elements of microprocessors & their important applications.

¼;kaf=d vfHk;kf+=adh½

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Cont...Cont...

(v) Electrical Machines: D.C. Machines: commutation and armature reaction,

characteristics and performance of motors and generators; Applications, starting and

speed control. Synchronous generators: Armature reaction, voltage regulation, parallel

operation. Single- and Three-phase Induction motors: Principle of operation, performance

characteristics, starting, speed control. Synchronous Motors: Principle of operation,

performance analysis, Hunting, Synchronous condenser. Transformers: Construction,

phasor diagram, equivalent circuit, voltage regulation, Performance, Auto-transformers,

instrument transformers. Three-phase transformers.

(vi) Material Science: Theory of Semiconductors, Conductors and insulators.

Superconductivity. Various insulators used for Electrical and Electronic applications.

Different magnetic materials, properties and applications. Hall Effect.

¼fo|qr vfHk;kaf=dh½ ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING:

PAPER-II: (SECTION-A)

1. Control Engineering: Mathematical Modeling of physical dynamic systems. Block

diagram and signal flowgraph. Transfer function. Time-response and frequency-response

of linear systems. Error evaluation, Bode Plot, Polar Plot and Nichol's chart, Gain Margin

and Phase Margin, Stability of linear feedback control systems. Routh-Hurwitz and Nyquist

criteria. Root locus technique. Design of compensators. State variable methods in system

modeling, analysis and design. Controllability and Observability and their testing methods.

Pole placement, design using state variables feedback. Control system components

(Potentiometers, Tachometers, Synchros & Servomotors).

2. Industrial Electronics: Various power semiconductor devices. Thyristor & its protection

and series-parallel operation. Single-phase and poly-phase uncontrolled rectifiers.

Smoothing filters, D.C. regulated power supplies. Controlled converters and inverters,

choppers. Cyclo-converters, A.C. voltage regulators. Application to variable speed drives.

Induction and Dielectric heating.

SECTION-B: (HEAVY CURRENT)

(3) Electrical Machines: (IFundamentals of Electro-Mechanical energy conversion.

Analysis of Electro-Magnetic torque and induced voltages. The general torque equation.

(ii). Three- Phase Induction motors: Concept of revolving field. Induction motor as

transformer. Phasor diagram and equivalent circuit. Performance evaluation. Correlation

of induction motor operation with basic torque relations. Torque-speed characteristics.

Circle diagram, starting and speed-control methods. Synchronous Machines:(iii).

Generation of e.m.f.; Equivalent circuit, Experimental determimation of leakage and

synchronous reactances. Theory of salient-pole machines. Power equation. Parallel

operation. Transient and sub-transient reactances and time constants. Synchronous

motor. Phasor diagram and equivalent circuit. Performance, V-curves. Power factor

control, hunting. Special Machines: Two-phase A.C. servomotors.-Equivalent circuit(iv).

and performance; Stepper motors. Methods of operation, Drive amplifiers. Half stepping.

Reluctance type steppor motor, Principles and working of universal motor. Single-phase

A.C. compersated series motor.

(4) Electric Drives: Fundamentals of electric drive, Rating estimation. Electric braking.

Electro-mechanical transients during starting and braking, time and energy calculations.

Load equalization. Solid-State control of D.C., Three-phase Induction and Synchronous

motors.Applications of electric motors.

(5) Electric Traction: Various Systems of track electrification and their comparison.

Mechanics of train movement. Estimation of tractive effort and energy requirement.

Electrification and their comparison, Traction motors and their characteristics.

(6) Power System and Protection: (a). Types of Power Station. Selection of site. General

layout of Thermal, Hydro and Nuclear Stations. Economics of different types. Base load

and peak load of stations. Pumped-storage Plants. Transmission and Distribution:A.C.(b).

and D.C. Transmission systems. Transmission line parameters and calculations.

Performance of Short, Medium and Long transmission lines, A-, B-, C-, D-parameters.

Insulators. Mechanical design of overehead transmission lines and Sag calculation,

Corona and its effects, Radio interference. EHVAC and HVDC transmission lines, under-

ground cables. Per unit representation of power system. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical

fault analysis. Symmetrical components and their application to fault analysis. Load flow

analysis using Gauss-Seidel and Newtor-Raphson methods. Fast de-coupled load flow.

Steady-state and transient stability. Equal area criterion, Economic operation of power

system, incremental fuel costs and fuel rate. Penalty factors. ALFC and AVR control for

real-time operation of inter-connected power system. Protection: Principle of arc(c).

extinction, Classification of circuit breakers. Restriking phenomenon. Calculation of

restriking and recovery voltages. Interruption of small inductive and capacitive currents

Testing of Circuit Breakers. Relaying Principles: Primary and back-Up relaying, over-(d).

current, differential, impedance, and direction relaying principles. Constructional details.

Protection schemes for transmission line, transformer, generator, and bus protection.

Current and potential transformer and their applications in relaying. Traveling waves.

Protection against surges, Surge impedance.

(OR)

SECTION-C (Light Current)

(7) Communication System: Amplitude, Frequency and Phase modulation and their

comparison, Generation and detection of amplitude, frequency, phase and pulse

modulated signals. Modulators and demodulators, Noise problems, Channel efficiency.

Sampling theorem. Sound and vision broadcost, transmitting and receiving systems.

Antennas and feeders. Transmission lines at Audio, Radio and ultra-high frequencies.

Fiber-optics and optical communication systems. Digital communications, pulse code

modulation. Data communication, satellite communication. Computer communication

system- LAN, ISDN etc. Electronic Exchanges. (a) Microwaves: Electromagetic waves,

unguided media, wave guides. Cavity resonators and Microwave tubes, Magnetrons,

Klystrons and TVVT. Solid-State microwave devices. Microwave amplifiers. Microwave

receivers. Microwave filters and measurements. Microwave antennas.

(25) English Literature

Paper-I

Answers must be written in English.

Section-A

Candidates will be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics and

movements:

The Renaissance: Elizabethan and Jacobean Drama; Metaphysical Poetry; The Epic and

the Mock-epic; Neo-classicism; Satire; The Romantic Movement; The Rise of the Novel;

The VictorianAge.

Section-B

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Texts for detailed study are listed below:

1. William Shakespeare: Twelfth Night, King Henry IV, Pt I, Macbeth and the Tempest.

2. John Donne. The following poems: “Canonization”, “Death be not proud”, “The Good

Morrow” and “The Relic”.

3. John Milton: Paradise Lost, Book-I

4. John Dryden:All for Love

5.Alexander Pope: The Rape of the Lock

6. William Wordsworth. The following poems: “Tintern Abbey”, “Three Years She Grew”,

“Michael” and “Milton, Thou Shouldst be Living at This Hour”

7. P B Shelley: “To a Skylark” and “Ode to the West Wind”

8.Alfred Tennyson: “Ulysses” and “Lotos Eaters”

9. Robert Browning: “My Last Duchess” and “The Lost Leader”

10. Francis Bacon: “Of Studies” and “Of Truth”

11. Charles Lamb: “ Dream Children” and “Poor Relations”

Section-C

Text for non-detailed study are listed below:

1. JaneAusten. Pride and Prejudice.

2. Charles Dickens. Great Expectations.

3. Thomas Hardy: Far from the Madding Crowd

4. Mark Twain: TheAdventures of Huckleberry Finn.

Subject: English Literature

Paper-II

Answers must be written in English.

Section-A

Candidates will be required to show adequate knowledge of the following topics and

movements:

Pre-Raphaelite Movement, Modernism; Poets of the Thirties; The stream-of-

consciousness Novel;Absurd Drama; Colonialism and Post-Colonialism; Indian Writing in

English; Feminist approaches to Literature.

Section-B

Texts for detailed study are listed below:

1. William Butler Yeats. The following poems: “The Second Coming”, “Sailing to

Byzantium”, “APrayer for my Daughter”, “Meru” and “Lapis Lazuli”

2. T.S. Eliot, The following poems: “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” and “Journey of

the Magi”

3. W.H. Auden. The following Poems: “The Unknown Citizen” and “In Memory of W.B.

Yeats”

4. Philip Larkin. The Following poems: “Afternoons” and “Deceptions”

5. Sylvia Plath. The following poems: “Mirror” and “Daddy”

6. Derek Walcott. The Following Poems: “AFar Cry fromAfrica” and “Sea Grapes”

7. Nissim Ezekiel. The following poems “Background, Casually”, “Night of the Scorpion”

8. A.K. Ramanujan. The following poems: “Looking for a Cousin on a Swing”, “On The

Death of a Poem”

9. John Osborne: Look Back inAnger.

10. Eugene O'Neill: Desire Under the Elms

11. Girish Karnad: Hayavadana

12. Thomas Carlyle: “Hero as a Poet”

13. John Ruskin: “ The Veins of Wealth” (Essay II from Unto This Last)

Section-C

Texts for non-detailed study are listed below:

1. Graham Greene: The Power and the Glory

2. William Golding: Lord of the Flies

3. Raja Rao: Kanthapura.

4. Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet Letter

¼26½ mnwZ lkfgR;% izFke iz'u& i=¼Hkkx&v½

1&¼v½ mnwZ Hkk"kk dk fodkl % ¼v½ if'peh fgUnh vkSj mldh mi Hkk"kk;sa & [kM+h cksyh] cztHkk"kk vkSjgfj;k.kohaA mnwZ Hkk"kk esa Qkjlh &vjch rRo] mnwZ Hkk"kk lu~ 1600 bZ ls 1900 bZ0 rd mnwZ Hkk"kk¼c½ ¼l½ ¼n½dk mn~Hko& fofHkUu fopkj/kkjk;saA2&¼v½ ¼c½ ¼l½ndu esa mnwZ lkfgR; dk fodkl mnwZ 'kk;jh ds nks Dykfldh Ldwy% nsgyh vkSj y[kuÅmnwZ x| dk fodkl & xkfyc rd A3&¼v½ ¼c½vyhx<+ rgjhd] izxfr'khy vkUnksyu rFkk budk mnwZ lkfgR; ij izHkko Lora=;ksRrj dk mnwZ lkfgR;A

¼Hkkx&c½1-mnwZ 'kk;jh dh izeq[k fo/kk;sa & xty] dlhnk] eflZ;k] eluoh] :ckbZ] drk uTe] vrqdkUr dfork ,oaeqDr NUn dforkA 2 mnwZ x| dh izeq[k fo/kk;sa & nkLrku] miU;kl] y?kq dFkk] ukV~; lkfgR;] lkfgR;leh{kk] thou pfj=] fucU/k] [kkdk] ba'kkbZ;kA 3 Loar=rk vkUnksyu esa mnwZ lkfgR; dk ;ksxnkuA

mnwZ lkfgR;% f}rh; iz'u& i=bl iz'u &i= esa ewy ikB dk v/;;u visf{kr gksxkA blesa ,sls iz'u iwNs tk;saxs ftuls ijh{kkFkhZ dhvkykspukRed {kerk dk vkadyu fd;k tk ldsA

¼Hkkx&v½¼x|½& ckxks cgkj] bars[kkc & ,& [kqrwrs xkfyc] lEiknd &m0iz0 mnwZ vdkMeh]1 ehj vEeu% 2 xkfyc%3- gkyh% 4- :lok%eqdnek&,&'ksjks 'kk;jh mejkotku vnk 5- izsepUnz% izsepUnz ds uqekbUnk vQlkus]lEiknd& dej jbZl xqckj & ,& [kkfrj] vukjdyh6- vcqy dyke vtkn% 7- bfEr;kt vyh rkt&8- dqjZrqy,su gSnj% vkf[kj & ,& 'kc ds gelQjA

¼Hkkx&c½(I9- ehj% 10 lkSnk%bars[kkc &,&dyke&,&ehj] lEiknd &vCnqy gd dlkbZn& ,& lkSnk gToh;krlfgr &bUrs[kkc &,& dalk;n% m0iz0 mnwZ vdkneh y[kuÅ] nhoku &,& xkfyc]11 xkfyc% 12-bdcky% 13- tks'k eyhgkcknh% 14-dqfYy;kr&,& bdcky ¼dsoy cky &,& ftczkby½ lSQ&vks&lqcwfQjkd xksj[kiqjh % 15- QSTk% 16 v[rj &my& bZeku%xqy &,&uxek nLr&,&lck] ¼dsoy nks UkTesa%rkjhd l¸;kjk] fcUr&,&yEgkr½A

27- vjch lkfgR; % izFke iz”u i=1. (a) (b)Origin and development of the language in outline. Significant features of the

grammar of the language and Rhetoric The following topics.

* Afal-e-naqesah

* Huroof-e-jaar wa majroor

* Izafat

* Sifat wa mausuf

* Mubtada wa khabar

* Mafail-e-khamsah

* Istearah, Tashbih, Kinayah, Tazad

* Husn-e-Taleel

* Bahr-e-Ramal

* Bahr-e-Hazaj

* Bahr-e-Mutaqarib

¼26½ mnwZ lkfgR;% izFke iz'u& i=¼Hkkx&v½

1&¼v½ mnwZ Hkk"kk dk fodkl % ¼v½¼c½ ¼l½ ¼n½

2&¼v½ ¼c½ ¼l½

3&¼v½ ¼c½¼Hkkx&c½

1-mnwZ 'kk;jh dh izeq[k fo/kk;sa &

mnwZ lkfgR;% f}rh; iz'u& i=

¼Hkkx&v½1 ehj vEeu% 2 xkfyc%

3- gkyh% 4- :lok%6- vcqy dyke vtkn% 7- bfEr;kt vyh rkt&

8- dqjZrqy,su gSnj%¼Hkkx&c½

(I9- ehj% 10 lkSnk%11 xkfyc% 12-

bdcky% 13- tks'k eyhgkcknh% 14-fQjkd xksj[kiqjh % 15- QSTk% 16 v[rj &my& bZeku%

27- vjch lkfgR; % izFke iz”u i=

Cont...Cont...

Hkkx&2% foRrh; izcU/k%1- foRrh; izcU/k dh izd`fr] {ks= ,oa mn~ns”;] iwath ctVu fu.kZ;& egRo] izfØ;k ,oa ifjlhek,a]i)fr;kW& izR;korZu vof/k] “kq) orZeku ewY;] vkUrfjd izR;k; nj] vkSlr izR;k; nj2 vYi] e/;e ,oa nh?kZdkyhu for ds lzksr] iwokZf/kdkj ,oa lerk va”k] _.ki= ,oa ck.M foRrh;u3- dk;Z”khy iwath izcU/ku& oxhZdj.k] vi;kZIr dk;Z”khy iwath ds [krjs] dk;Z”khy iwath vko”;drkvuqeku ds mikxe] jksdM+] LdU/k vkSj izkI; izcU/ku ds midj.k4- iwath dh ykxr& oxhZdj.k ,oa fu/kkZj.k] Hkkfjr vkSlr iwath ykxr dh x.kuk] mRrksyd ,oa blds izdkj5- ykHkka”k uhfr& fu/kkZjd] okYVj] xkMZu] eksnhXykuh vkSj feyj mikxe] fLFkj ykHkka”k uhfr ds xq.k ,oanks’k6- Hkkjrh; iwath ctkj& izeq[k fo”ks’krk,a] iwath ,oa eqnzk cktkjksa esa Hksn] iwath cktkj dh [kkfe;ka] Hkkjrh;LdU/k fofue;ksa dh dk;Ziz.kkyh] lsch ,d fu;ked :i esaA

Okkf.kT; ,oa ys[kkaduf}rh; iz”ui=

¼laxBukRed O;ogkj rFkk ekuo lalk/ku izcU/k½Hkkx&1% laxBukRed O;ogkj1- laxBu dh izØfr ,oa vo/kkj.kk] laxBukRed fl)kUr& ijEijkoknh] uoijEijkoknh] vQlj”kkgh,oa iz.kkyh mikxe] dsUnzh;dj.k ,oa fodsUnzh;dj.k ds xq.k ,oa voxq.k2- “kfDr dk vk/kkj ,oa lzksr] “kfDr lajpuk] ck/kk,a ,oa jktuhfr3- laxBukRed y{;& izkFkfed] xkS.k] ,dy ,oa ogq y{;] y{;ksa dk foLFkkiu] mRrjkf/kdkj]foLrkj ,oa xq.ku4- laxBu& izdkj] lajpuk] js[kk ,oa LVkQ] dk;kZRed] lfefr] vkO;wg ,oa ifj;kstuk] vkSipkfjd,oa vukSipkfjd laxBu] laxBukRed }Un&dkj.k ,oa lek/kku5- laxBukRed ifjorZu& izd`fr] egRo] dkj.k] fuokj.k] ifjorZu dk izfrjks/k ,oa vuqdwyu

Hkkx&2% ekuo lalk/ku izcU/k1- ekuo lalk/ku izcU/k& vo/kkj.kk] mn~ns”;] egRo] dk;Z ,oa ekuo lalk/ku izcU/kd dh pqukSfr;ka2- HkrhZ ,oa p;u] izf”k{k.k dh fof/k;ka ] vf/k”kklh fodkl dk;ZØe3- vfHkizsj.kk& vo/kkj.kk] fl)kUr&ekLyks dh vko”;drk Øec)rk] gtZoxZ dk LokLF; ,oa vkjksX;rFkk ,YMjeSu dk tsM fl)kUr] eukscy ds fu/kkZjd] eukscy vkSj mRikndrk4- usr`Ro& izdkj ,oa “kSyh] etnwjh&etnwjh Hkqxrku dh i)fr;ka] foHksnkRed etnwjh rFkk Hkkjr esaetnwjh uhfr5- vkS|ksfxd lEcU/k& izd`fr] mn~ns”;] {ks= ,oa egRo6- lkewfgd lkSnsckth& vo/kkj.kk] fo”ks’krk,a] lQy lkSnsckth dh vko”;drk,a] izcU/k esa Jfedksadh Hkkxsnkjh& Hkkxsnkjh ds Lrj ,oa Lo:i] Hkkjr esa Jfedksa dh Hkkxsnkjh7- vkS|ksfxd fookn& fookn ds dkj.k] gM+rky] rkykcUnh] vkS|ksfxd fooknksa dh jksd& Fkke ,oafuiVkjk] Je la?k& vo/kkj.kk] izdkj] Hkkjr esa Jela?k vkUnksyu

¼32½ yksd iz'kklu iz'u i=&1 ¼iz'kklfud fl)kUr½1- ewy vo/kkj.kk& yksd iz'kklu dk vFkZ] {ks= ,oa egRo] yksd iz'kklu dk ,d fo"k; ds :i esaØe&fodkl ¼uohu yksd iz'kklu] uohu yksd izcU/ku] uohu yksd lsok;sa½ yksd vkSj futh iz'kklu]fodflr ,oa fodkl'khy lektksa esa bldh Hkwfedk] iz'kklu dh ikfjfLFkfrdh& lkekftd] jktuhfrd]vkfFkZd ,oa lakLd`frdA2- iz'kklu ds fl)kUr& 'kkL=h; fl)kUr ¼gsujh Q;ksy] ywFkj xqfyd rFkk vU;½ oSKkfud izcU/ku] ¼Vsyj,oa muds lg;ksxh½] vf/kdkjh ra= dk fl)kUr ¼eSDl oscj vkSj mlds vkykspd½ ekuo lEca/k fl)kUr¼,YVu es;ks vkSj muds lkFkh½ O;oLFkk n`f"Vdks.k ¼psLVj cjukMZ½A3- laxBu ds fl)kUr& in lksiku] vkns'k dh ,drk] fu;U=.k dk {ks=] lRrk] izkf/kdkj ,oa mRrjnkf;Ro]leUo;] lEizs"k.k] i;Zos{k.k] dsUnzh;dj.k ,oa fodsUnzhdj.k] izR;k;kstuA4- iz'kklfud O;ogkj& gjcVZ lkbeu ds ;ksxnku ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa fu.kZ;u] lEizs"k.k] eukscy] vfHkizsj.kvkSj usr`Ro ds fl)kUrA5- laxBu dh lajpuk& eq[; dk;Zdkjh ,oa muds dk;Z] lw=] ea=.kk ,oa lgk;d vfHkdj.k foHkkx] fuxe]dEiuh cksMZ ,oa vk;ksx] eq[;ky; & {ks= lEcU/kA6- dkfeZd iz'kklu& ukSdj'kkgh rFkk yksd lsok] oxhZdj.k] HkrhZ] izf'k{k.k] o`fRk fodkl] fu"iknu ewY;kadu]inksUufr] osru lajpuk] lsok 'krsZ] lR;fu"Bk ,oa vuq'kklu] fu;ksDRkk&deZpkjh lEcU/k] lsokfUko`fRr ykHk]lkekU;K ,oa fo'ks"kK rVLFkrk ,oa vukerkA7- foRrh; iz'kklu& ctV dh ladYiuk] ctV fuekZ.k] fo/kk;u rFkk dk;kZUo;u] fu"iknu ctV] 'kwU;vk/kkfjr ctV] ys[kk ,oa ys[kk ijh{k.kA8- mRrjnkf;Ro rFkk fu;a=.k& mRrjnkf;Ro ,oa fu;a=.k dh vo/kkj.kk] iz'kkklu ij fo/kk;h] dk;Zdkjh]U;kf;d rFkk ukxfjd fu;a=.kA9- iz'kklfud lq/kkj& ladYiuk,a ,oa izfØ;k;sa] vks rFkk ,e] dk;Z v/;;u vkSj mldh rduhd] leL;k;sa,oa lEHkkouk;saA10- iz'kklfud fof/k& vo/kkj.kk ,oa egRo] izR;k;ksftr fo/kk;u] vFkZ] izdkj] ykHk] lhek;sa ,oa lqj{kk]iz'kklfud vf/kdj.kA11- rqyUkkRed ,oa fodkl iz'kklu& vFkZ] izd`fr ,oa {ks=] fizteSfVd&lkyk] izfr:i ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esaQszM fjXl dk ;ksxnku] fodkl iz'kklu dh vo/kkj.kk% {ks=] egRo] fodkl iz'kklu dk jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd,oa lkekftd & lakLd`frd lUnHkZ] iz'kklfud fodkl dh ladYiukA12- yksd uhfr& ladYiuk,a ,oa egRo] yksd uhfr ds fl)kUr] yksd uhfr& fu/kkZj.k] dk;kZUo;u ,oaewY;kaduA

yksd iz'kklu iz'u i=&2 Hkkjrh; iz'kklu1- Hkkjrh; iz'kklu dk Øfed fodkl& ekS;Z] eqxy ,oa fczfV'k dkyhu iz'kklu dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,A2- laoS/kkfud ifjos'k& lalnh; yksdra=] la?kokn] iaFkfujis{k] lektoknA3- la?k Lrj ij jktuhfrd dk;Zikfydk& jk"Vªifr] iz/kkuea=h ] eaf=ifj"kn] eaf=e.My lfefr;kaA4- dsUnzh; iz'kklu dh lajpuk& dsUnzh; lfpoky;] eaf=e.My lfpoky;] ea=ky; ,oa foHkkx cksMZ rFkkvk;ksx] {ks=h; laxBuA5- dsUnz& jkT; lEcU/k% fo/kk;h] iz'kklfud ,oa foRrh;A6- yksd lsok;sa& vf[ky Hkkjrh;] dsUnzh; rFkk jkT; lsok;sa] la?k ,oa jkT; yksd lsok vk;ksx] yksd lsodksadk izf'k{k.kA7- ;kstuk ra=& jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ;kstuk fu/kkZj.k] uhfr vk;ksx] jk"Vªh; fodkl ifj"kn] jkT;] ftyk Lrjij ;kstuk ra=A8- yksd {ks= miØe& izdkj] mPp Lrjh; izcU/ku] fu;a=.k ,oa leL;k;saaA9- yksd O;; ij fu;U=.k& lalnh; fu;a=.k] foRr ea=ky; dh Hkwfedk] fu;a=d ,oa egkys[kk ijh{kdA10- dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk lEcU/kh iz'kklu& dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk cuk;s j[kus esa dsUnzh; rFkk jkT; vfHkdj.kksadh HkwfedkA

Hkkx&2% foRrh; izcU/k%1-

23-

4-5-

6-

Okkf.kT; ,oa ys[kkaduf}rh; iz”ui=

¼laxBukRed O;ogkj rFkk ekuo lalk/ku izcU/k½Hkkx&1% laxBukRed O;ogkj1-

2-3-

4-

5-Hkkx&2% ekuo lalk/ku izcU/k

1- ekuo lalk/ku izcU/k&2-3- vfHkizsj.kk& vo/kkj.kk] fl)kUr&

4- usr`Ro& izdkj ,oa “kSyh] etnwjh&

5- vkS|ksfxd lEcU/k&6- lkewfgd lkSnsckth&

7- vkS|ksfxd fookn&

¼32½ yksd iz'kklu iz'u i=&1 ¼iz'kklfud fl)kUr½1- ewy vo/kkj.kk&

2- iz'kklu ds fl)kUr&

3- laxBu ds fl)kUr&

4- iz'kklfud O;ogkj&

5- laxBu dh lajpuk&

6- dkfeZd iz'kklu&

7- foRrh; iz'kklu&

8- mRrjnkf;Ro rFkk fu;a=.k&

9- iz'kklfud lq/kkj&

10- iz'kklfud fof/k&

11- rqyUkkRed ,oa fodkl iz'kklu&

12- yksd uhfr&

yksd iz'kklu iz'u i=&2 Hkkjrh; iz'kklu1- Hkkjrh; iz'kklu dk Øfed fodkl&2- laoS/kkfud ifjos'k&3- la?k Lrj ij jktuhfrd dk;Zikfydk&4- dsUnzh; iz'kklu dh lajpuk&

5- dsUnz&6- yksd lsok;sa&

7- ;kstuk ra=&

8- yksd {ks= miØe&9- yksd O;; ij fu;U=.k&10- dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk lEcU/kh iz'kklu&

11- jkT; iz'kklu& jkT;iky] eq[;ea=h] eaf=ifj"kn] eq[; lfpo] lfpoky;] funs'kky;A12-ftyk iz'kklu& Hkwfedk ,oa egRo] ftykf/kdkjh] HkwjkTkLo] dkuwu ,oa O;oLFkk rFkk fodkl lEcU/khdk;Z] ftyk xzkE; fodkl vfHkdj.k rFkk xzkeh.k {ks=ksa ds fy;s fo'ks"k dk;ZØeA13- LFkkuh; iz'kklu& iapk;rh jkt ,oa uxjh; LFkkuh; 'kklu] y{k.k] izdkj ,oa LkeL;k;sa] LFkkuh;fudk;ksa dh Lok;RkrkA14- dY;k.k gsrq iz'kklu& vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfpr tutkfr ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa detksj oxksZ dsdY;k.k ds fy, iz'kklu] efgyk dY;k.k gsrq dk;ZØeA15 Hkkjrh; iz'kklu ds izklafxd eqn~ns& jktuhfrd ,oa LFkk;h dk;Zikydksa ds e/; lEcU/k] iz'kklu esalkekU;K ,oa fo'ks"kK] iz'kklu esa lR;fu"Bk] iz'kklu esa tulgHkkfxrk] turk dh f'kdk;rksa dk fuokj.kyksdiky ,oa yksd vk;qDRk] Hkkjr esa iz'kklfud lq/kkjA

33. AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

PAPER-I

(a) Thermodynamics and Heat Engines: concept of energy, temperature and heat

equations; laws of thermodynamics, pure substances and their properties; entropy;

Rankine, air standard otto, diesel and joule cycles; indicator diagrams.

(b) Farm Power: sources and status of power in India; farm power and agricultural

productivity relationship; construction and operation features of IC engines, various

systems of an IC engine viz carburetion, ignition, cooling, lubrication, valves and valve

timing; special features of Diesel engines; Tractors and their classification, power

transmission systems and devices, repair and maintenance; Tractor testing and tractor

economics; power tillers- their economics and suitability, energy in agriculture.

(c) Farm Machinery: design, construction, operation, repair and maintenance of tillage

tools, implements and equipment viz. Mould board and disk ploughs; hoe, harrow and

cultivator; seeding and planting machines; weeders, sprayers and dusters; harvesters,

threshers and combines; soil and crop factors influencing machine performance and

energy requirement; selection of farm machines, economics of agricultural

mechanization.

(d) Mass Transfer: thermal properties of materials, steady state and transient heat

conduction, natural and forced convection; boiling, condensation, thermal radiation

exchange; heat exchangers; heat and mass transfer analogy, Fick's laws of diffusion,

psychrometrics; analysis of heat and mass transfer processes; instrument and

measurement systems.

(e) Process and Food Engineering: protected cultivation- green house concept,

structures and instruments; unit operations in post harvest processing (cleaning, grading,

drying, size reduction, evaporation, pasteurization, distillation etc.); processing of cereals,

pulses, oilseeds, fruits & vegetables, animal feed, spices, dairy products, meat etc. design

of processing equipment and processing systems; Milking Machines.

(f) Storage and Handling: changes in stored products during storage; storage of food

grains and their products, perishables (vegetable fruits, dairy product, meat, eggs);

storage system- airtight ventilated, refrigerated, modified atmospheric and controlled

atmospheric storages; packaging; conveyors; design and management of storage and

handling systems.

AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

PAPER- II

(a) Fluid Mechanics: fluid properties, units and dimensions; surface tension and

capillarity, equation of continuity, Bernoulli equation, laminar and turbulent flow, steady and

unsteady flow, flow of fluids in pipes and open channels, design of open channels for non

erosive and non silting valocities, most economical cross section, measurement of

irrigation water and other water measuring devices viz. Weirs, notches, orifices and

flumes.

(b) Surveying and Levelling: linear measurements; survey methods and devices used;

principle of levelling; differential and profile levelling; contouring and characteristics of

contour lines; land levelling and grading; earth work estimation; earth moving

machineries.

(c) Soil and Water Conservation Engineering: forms of precipitation; hydrologic cycle;

point rainfall analysis, frequency analysis; agricultural watershed and its management;

water management in agri-horti-acquaculture system, mechanics of water and wind

erosion; Rational method of prediction of peak runoff; concept of unit hydrograph and

instantaneous hydrograph; factors affecting erosion and run off; water erosion control

measures- contour cultivation, strip cropping, terracing, including afforestation and

pastures; design of gully control structures- temporary and permanent; stream bank

erosion; flood routing, flood amelioration by upstream watershed management; wind

erosion control measures and sand dune stabilization.

(d) Pumps: design, construction and performance characteristics; selection, installation,

servicing and maintenance of different pumps (reciprocating, centrifugal, gear, turbine,

submersible, propeller, jet); hydraulic ram; renewable and non-renewable power sources

for pumping; solar pumps.

(e) Irrigation Engineering: water wealth and irrigation in India; soil water plant

relationship; basic soil physical properties influencing soil water relationship; forms and

occurrence of soil water; methods and devices for soil moisture measurement; water

requirement of crops; irrigation scheduling; irrigation methods viz flood, border, furrow,

sprinkler and drip irrigation, their hydraulics and design; concept of irrigation efficiencies;

water conveyance and control; design of canals, Lacey and Kennedy's theories.

(f) Drainage Engineering: drainage needs and its benefits; Darcy's Law, hydraulic

conductivity; drainage coefficient; drainage methods, surface drainage (drainage of flat

and sloping lands); design of open ditches their alignment and construction; designs and

layout of subsurface drains; depth and spacing of drains and drainage outlets; installation

of drains and drainage wells; drainage of salt affected areas.

(g) Rural Engineering: building materials and their properties; farmstead planning, factor

affecting location of farmstead; design of dairy barns, poultry housing, Planning and

Design of rural houses, farm roads, village drainage; waste disposal and sanitary

structures; cost estimates; rural electrification; integrated rural energy planning and

development.

¼34½ fpfdRlk foKku iz”u i=&izFke1- ekuo “kjhj % ldy”kjhj] vuqiz;qDr “kjhj] lDrlaHkj.k ,oa ftg~ok dk fyQh; viokg] Fkk;jkWbM] LruxzafFk] tBj] ;d`r] izkWLVsV] tuuxzafFk xHkkZ'k;] g`n; ,oa QsQM+sAmifj ,oa v/kks”kk[kkvksa] Lda/klaf/k;ksa] dwYgs ,oa dykbZ esa jDr ,oa raf=dk laHkj.k lesr vuqiz;qDr “kjhjA

11- jkT; iz'kklu&12-ftyk iz'kklu&

13- LFkkuh; iz'kklu&

14- dY;k.k gsrq iz'kklu&

15 Hkkjrh; iz'kklu ds izklafxd eqn~ns&

¼34½ fpfdRlk foKku iz”u i=&izFke1- ekuo “kjhj %

Cont...Cont...

Mk;kQzke] isjhfu;e ,oa oa{k.kizns”k dk vuqiz;qDr “kjhjAo`Dd] ew=k”k;] xHkkZ”k; ufydkvksa] “kqdzokfgdkvksa dk vuqiz;qDr “kjhjAHkzw.kfoKku % vijk ,oa vijk jks/kA g`n;] vka=] o`Dd] xHkkZ”k;] fMacxzafFk] o`’k.k dk fodkl ,oa mudhlkekU; tUetkr vlkekU;rk,aAdsUnzh; ,oa ifjljh; Lolapkfyr raf=dk ra=%efLr’d ds fuy;ksa] izefLrdes: nzo ds ifjHkze.k dk ldy ,oa jksxy{k.k “kjhj] raf=dk ekxZ ,oa Roph;laosnu] Jo.k ,oa n`f’V fof{kr] diky raf=dk,a] forj.k ,oa jksxyk{kf.kd egRo] Lolapkfyr raf=dk ra=ds vo;o] baVjuy dSIlwy ,oa lsfjczy dkVsZDlA2- â;weu fQth;ksyksth1- CyM& bE;qfefuVh] Vhlsy] chlsyA2- lh0oh0,l0& dkfMZ;d lkbfdy]3- jSLihjs”ku& vkClVSªfdfVo Mhtht] ,flMcsl cSysUlAfdMuh& fedV;wjs”ku jhQysDl] jhuy LVksu]TkhvkbZVh& yhoj Qsfy;j] tkSufMl] ¼vkClVªSfdfVo] fgiSfVd] gheksykbfVd½ ,D;wV isufdzVkbfVl,.Mksdzkbu& XokbVj ekbykbVsl] vklfV;kseysf”k;k] ekLVjxyS.MuoZl&flLVe & lSfjczy LVªksd] ikfdZUlu Mhtht] gSehfiyhft;k] iSjkihfyft;kLis”ky lsUlsl& ukbV Cykb.Musl] dSVjsDV] ek;ksfi;kA gkbij eSVªksfi;k] ,Ecky;ksfi;kfjizksMD”ku& izsxusUlh VsLV] ySDVs”ku] ,ehuksfj;k] LVjfyVh bu esy ,oa fQesy] vksO;wys”ku] LieZdkm.VA3 -TkSo jlk;u %&1- vaxdk;Z ijh{k.k& ;d`r] o`Dd] Fkk;jkWbMA2- izksVhu la”ys’k.k3- foVkfeu ,oa [kfut4- ikyhesjst J`a[kyk izfrfØ;k ¼ihlhvkj½5- fd.od ,oa tSo fpUg6- e/kqesg ,oa jDr “kdZjk Lrj7- Mh ,u , izfr:i8- vkj ,u , izfrfyfi9- Mh ,u , ejEer ra=10- fyfiM izksQkby11- iks’k.k12- :f/kj of.kZdk13- eqDr d.k ,oa vkDlh dj.k jks/kh4- fod`fr foKku % FkksFk ,oa fojksg.k] o`f) fo{kksFk ,oa dSUlj jg;weSfVd ,oa bLdhfed g`n; jksx ,oaMk;fcVht esfyVl dk fod`frtuu ,oa Årdfod`fr foKkuA lqnE;] nqnZe] izkFkfed ,oa fo{ksih nqnZerkesa foHksnu] “oluhtU; dkflZuksek dk fod`frtuu ,oa Årdfod`fr foKku] Lru dkflZuksek] eq[k dSalj]xzhok dSlj] Y;wdhfe;k] ;d`r fljksfll] LrDdo`Dd”kksFk] ;{ek rhoz vfLFkeTtk”kksFk dk gsrq]fod`frtuu ,oa Ård fod`fr foKku] jDrvYirk] FkSyslhfe;k]QSVh yhoj] visfUMDl “kksFk] fiRr dhFkSyh dh iFkjh] Loizfrjf{kr jksx] LVse dksf”kdkA5- lq{e tSfodh%& nsgnzoh ,oaa dksf”kdk ek/;fer jksx{kerk] dkDl ik”pqysVfuEufyf[kr jksxdkjd ,oa mudk iz;ksx”kkyk funku%& esfuZxksdkDdl] lkyeksusyk& V;wcjdwyksf”kl] f”kaxsyk] gihZt] Msaxw] iksfy;ks] cSDVªhfj;ksQstsl~] bUQsyq,Utk ok;jl] tSikuht ,UlsQykbfVl& ,p0vkbZ0oh0@,M~l] eysfj;k] ,UVvehck fgLVksfyfVdk] fx;kfMZ;k& dSafMMk] fdzIVksdkWDdl] ,sLiftZyl6- Hks’ktxq.k foKku%� vkS’kf/k ukedj.k� izfrdwy vkS’kf/k izfrfØ;k� vkS’kf/k vf/kfu;e ,oa vkS’kf/k vuqlwph� vkS’kf/k dk uSnkfud ijh{k.k� vkS’kf/k dh vk;q� vkS’kf/k dk izpkj� eknd inkFkkZsa dh yr ¼Mªx ,MfD”ku½� QkeksZdksfoftysUl dk;Zdze� vkS’kf/k gsrq ipkZ fy[kuk� fuEufyf[kr vkS’kf/k;ksa dk ik”oZizHkko%&,sfUVik;jsfVDl ,oa] ,UkkYtsflDl] ,sfUVck;ksfVDl] ,sfUVeysfj;k] ,sfUVdkyktkj] ,sfUVMk;kcsfVDl& ,sfUVgk;ijVsaflo] ,sfUVokbjy] ,sfUViSjkflfVd] ,sfUVQaxy] bE;wukslizsa”kSVl] ,sfUVdSalj],sUVhMk;fj;y] ,sUVhVqcjdqyj] Mk;;wjsfVdA7- U;k; lac/kh vkS’k/k ,oa fo’kfoKku% fpfdRldh; vkpkj lafgrk vkSj dkuwu] xHkkZoLFkk] izlo ,oaxHkZikr&fpfdRlk fof/kd lanHkZ esa] ;kSu vijk/k] {kfr ,oa ?kkoks a dh U;k; laca/kh ijh{kk] jDr ,oa“kqdz /kCcks a dh ijh{kk] fo’kkDrrk] “kked vfrek=k] Qkalh] Mwcuk] tyuk] Mh0,u0,0 ,oafQaxjfizV v/;;uA

& fpfdRlk foKku iz”ui=& f}rh;1- lkekU; dk; fpfdRlk%&¼v½ dkj.k] jksx ds y{k.k] funku ,oa izcU/ku ¼fuokj.k ,oa jksdFkke lfgr½ o fl)kUr % fVVusl]jScht] ,pvkbZoh@,M~l] MsUxw] tkikuh bUlssQykbfVl] Vk;QkbM] dq’Bjksx] risfnd] eysfj;k]Hkkjrh; dkyktkj]:g~;qesfVd g`n; jksxA¼c½ dkj.k] jksx ds y{k.k] funku ,oa izcU/ku ds fl)kUr % g`n; /kefu;ksa ds vojks/k jDrpki]¼ ½IHD

e/kqesg] gkbZij Fkk;ksjkbMfle] gkbZiks Fkk;ksjkbMfle] fexhZ] vLFkek] dzkfud vkClVsfDVo yax jksx¼ ½COPD ] fiY;qjy bQ;qtu okbjygsiVkbfVl ;d`r fljksfll isfIVd jksx] U;qeksfu;k] vD;wis”kuy]QsQM+k jksxA¼l½ dkj.k jksx ds y{k.k] funku ,oa izcU/ku ds fl)kUr % Xyksew:yksusQjkbfVl] usQzksfVd@usQzjsfVdflUMªkse] o`Ddikr] gkbiksusfVªfe;k] FkSysflfe;k] ,fufe;k] fgeksfQfy;k] jDr daSlj] fyEQksek ] xfB;kjksx]vkfLV;ksaiksjksfll] ew= ufydk ladze.k] esusutkbfVl] bUlsQsykbfVl]¼n½ esfMdy vkdfLed jksx % yw] Mwcuk] vkjxsuks QklQksjl fo’kDrrk] vyewfu;k QklQkbM fo’kDrrkA¼;½ ,axtkbfVl] lkbdkslfll] fMesfUl;k¼j½ esfMdks yhxy fo’k;d% xys dh QkWlh] vYdksgfyLe¼o½ dk; fpfdRlk esa ijh{k.k % vYVªklkmUM] lh Vh LdSu] ,e vkj vkbZ] bdksdkfMZ;kxzkQh] bUMksLdksih]

Hkzw.kfoKku %

2- â;weu fQth;ksyksth1-2-3-fdMuh&TkhvkbZVh&,.Mksdzkbu&uoZl&flLVe &Lis”ky lsUlsl&fjizksMD”ku&

3 -TkSo jlk;u %&1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-4- fod`fr foKku %

5- lq{e tSfodh%&

6- Hks’ktxq.k foKku%

7- U;k; lac/kh vkS’k/k ,oa fo’kfoKku%

& fpfdRlk foKku iz”ui=& f}rh;1- lkekU; dk; fpfdRlk%&¼v½

¼c½

¼l½ dkj.k jksx ds y{k.k] funku ,oa izcU/ku ds fl)kUr %

¼n½ esfMdy vkdfLed jksx %¼;½¼j½¼o½ dk; fpfdRlk esa ijh{k.k %

cksu eSjks ,fLijs”ku]lh,l,Q Q~ywM ijh{k.k] iw.kZ jDr ijh{k.k -¼ ½CBC

2- ckyjksx foKku % jksxizfrjks/khdj.k] csch&QzsMyh vLirky] Lruiku] tUetkr ‘;ko g`n; jksx] “olufo{kksHk lay{k.k] “oluh&QqQ~Qql”kksFk] ¼czksUdksU;weksfu;k½] uotkr f”k”kq dkeyk] izefLr’dh; uotkrdkeyk] oxhZdj.k ,oa izca/ku] dksfVdj.k ,oa izca/k] ,oa nLr ¼vfrlkj½ ikWp o’kZ lsIMNCI PEM ARI

NksVs cPpksa esa ,oa izca/kA3- Ropk foKku% L=ksfj,fll] Ldscht] ,Dthek] fofVfyxks] LVhou tkulu flUMªkse ,oa Vh0bZ0,u0]ykbdsu IysulA dq’B jksx] Ropk ds cSDVsfj;y] ok;jy ,oa Qaxy ladze.kA4& lkekU; “kY; fpfdRlk% [kaMrkyq [kaMks’B dh jksxy{k.k fo”ks’krk] dkj.k ,oa izca/k ds fl)kUrALoj;a=h; vcqZn] eq[k ,oa bZlkSQSxl vcqZnA ifj/kh; /keuh jksx] osfjdkst osUl] Fkk;jkbM] vf/ko`Dd xzafFkds vcqZnA QksM+k] dSalj] Lru dk rarqxazfFk vcqZn ,oa xzafFkyrk isfIVd vYlj jDrlzko] vka= ;{ek]vYljsfVo dksykbfVl] tBj dSalj] o`Dd ekl] izksLVsV dSalj] lqlk/; izkLVsV gkbijIysfl;k¼ch0ih0,p0½A gheksFkkSjsDl] fiRrk'k;] o`Dd] ;wjsVj ,oa ew=k”k; dh iFkjhA jsDVe] ,ul] ,uy dSuky]fiRrk”k; ,oa fiRrokfguh dh “kY; n”kkvksa dk izca/kAiksVZy vfrjDrnkc] ;d`r QksM+k] isjhVksukfVl] isjh,Eiqyjh dkflZukekAjh<+ foHkax] dksyh foHkax ,oa vfLFk V~;wej,aMksLdksih] ySizksLdksfid ltZjhAmUur vk?kkr thou leFkZu iz.kkyh ¼,0Vh0,y0,l0½AlftZdy ,FksfDlA5& izlwfr foKku ,oa ifjokj fu;kstu lesr L=h jksx foKku%& QfVZykbts”ku o bEIykUVs”ku] IyslsUVkdk fodkl] dk;Z] fod`fr;kW o mudk funkuA xHkkZoLFkk esa ns[kHkky lxHkZrk dk funku izlo izca/k]r`rh; pj.k minzo] izloiw.kZ ,oa izlosRrj jDr L=ko] uotkr dk iqu:Tthou] vlkekU; fLFkfr ,oadfBu izlo dk izca/k] dkyiwoZ izlo] de c<r okys uotkr dk izca/kA cFkZ bUth;wjhlA vjDrrkdk funku ,oa izca/kA lxHkZrk dk izh,DySfIl;k ,oa ,DySfIl;k vkj0,p0 fuxsfVo] e/kqesg ovf/kla[; xHkZ/kkj.kA baVªk& ;wVSjhu ;qfDr;kW xksfy;kW] V~;wcsDVkWeh ,oa oSlsDVkWehA lxHkZrk dkfpfdRldh; lekiu ftlesa fof/kd igyw “kkfey gSA xHkkZ”k; dk fodkl] fod`fr;kW ,oa mudkfunku] xHkZikr ,oa ,DVkfid izsxusUlh dk dkj.k ,oa fuokj.k] ;wuh ls Jki] isfYod isu] oa/;rk],cukeZy ;wVsjhu jDrL=ko ¼ ½] vehuksfj;k] ;wVjl dk rarqis”kh ¼Qk;czk;M½vcqZn ,oa Hkza”kAAUB

jtksfuo`R;qRrj lay{k.k dk izca/k] xzhok dSalj] xHkkZ”k; ,oa v.Mk”k; dk dSalj6- leqnk; dk;fpfdRlk ¼fuokjd ,oa lkekftd dk;Z fpfdRlk½1- LokLF; ,oa jksxksa lEcU/kh vo/kkj.kk;saA2- fl)kUr] iz.kkyh ] mikxe ,oa tuifnd jksx foKku dk ekiuA3- [kkn~; ,oa iks’k.k lqj{kk] iks’k.k lEcU/kh jksx@fodkl ,oa jk’Vªh; iks’k.k dk;ZdzeA4- Ik;kZoj.k ds ?kVd] iznw’k.k lEcU/kh jksx ,oa lEiw.kZ LoPNrk vfHk;ku] vLirky ,oa m|ksx vif'k’VizcU/kuA5- LokLF; lwpuk iz.kkyh] LokLF; lkaf[;dh] tulkaf[;dh] lwpuk izlkj ,oa lEizsj.kk ls lacaf/kr ewyHkwrckrsaA6- LokLF; izcU/ku ,oa iz”kklu& rduhd] lk/ku] dk;Zdze] dk;ZUo;u ,oa ewY;kaduA7- LokLF; ns[kHkky iznk; iz.kkyh dk Økafrd ewY;kaduA8- tuu ,oa f”k”kq LokLF; ds mn~ns”;] ?kVd] y{; ,oa fLFkfr] jk’Vªh; LokLF; fe”ku] lgkJk’nh ,oa lrrfodkl y{;A9- jk’Vªh; LokLF; laca/kh dk;Zdzeksa ds mn~ns”;] ?kVd ,oa dzkafrd fo”ys’k.k ¼d½ lapkjh jksx¼dhVtufr jksx fu;a=.k jk’Vªh; dk;Zdze] us0os0 ckuZ Mhtht dUVªksy dk;ZØe½] ¼[k½ xSj laØkedjksx ¼xSj laØked jksx ds fu;a=.k gsrq jk’Vªh; dk;Zdze] jk’Vªh; ekufld LokLF; dk;Zdze] o`)koLFkkekufld LokLF; dk;Zdze½10- O;olk; lEcfU/kr LokLF;A11- vkink izoa/ku ,oa esys ,oa R;ksgkjksa esa LokLF; izcU/kuA12- LokLF; ls lEcfU/kr uhfr;kW] vf/kfu;e ,oa dkuwuA13- jk’Vªh; ,oa varjk’Vªh; LokLF; laxBuA

ifjf”k’V&7lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk ls lEcfU/kr eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk dh ijh{kk

;kstuk ,oa ikB~;Øeeq[;¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk dh ijh{kk ;kstuk

Ø0 iz”u&i= le;kof/k iw.kkZad01 isij& lkekU; fgUnh ,oa fucU/k ¼ijEijkxr½ 3-00 ?k.Vs 200 vadI

02 isij& lkekU; v/;;u izFke ¼oLrqfu’B½ 2-00 ?k.Vs 200 vadII

03 isij& lkekU; v/;;u f}rh; ¼oLrqfu’B½ 2-00 ?k.Vs 200 vadIII

04 isij& ¼ ½ oSdfYid fo’k; izFke ¼ijEijkxr½ 3-00 ?k.Vs 200 vadiv

¼izFke iz”ui=½isij& ¼ ½ oSdfYid fo’k; izFke ¼ijEijkxr½ 3-00 ?k.Vs 200 vadv

¼f}rh; iz”ui=½05 isij& ¼ ½ oSdfYid fo’k; f}rh; ¼ijEijkxr½ 3-00 ?k.Vs 200 vadvi

¼izFke iz”ui=½isij& ¼ ½ oSdfYid fo’k; f}rh; ¼ijEijkxr½ 3-00 ?k.Vs 200 vadvii

¼f}rh; iz”ui=½lHkh iz”ui=ksa ds dqy vadksa dk ;ksx 1400 vad

O;fDrRo ijh{k.k ¼lk{kkRdkj½%& 150 vadAlEiw.kZ ;ksx 1400 150 1550+ =

oSdfYid fo’k;ksa esa fuEufyf[kr dqy 16 fo’k; lfEefyr gSa] ftuesa ls vH;fFkZ;ksa dks dksbZ 02 oSdfYidfo’k; ysus gksaxs%&

d`f’k foKku1-d`f’k bathfu;fjax2-ouLifr foKku3-jlk;u foKku4-jlk;u bathfu;fjax5-flfoy bathfu;fjax6-okfudh7-Hkw&foKku8-xf.kr9-;kaf=dh bathfu;fjax10-HkkSfrdh11-

2- ckyjksx foKku %

3- Ropk foKku%

4& lkekU; “kY; fpfdRlk%

5& izlwfr foKku ,oa ifjokj fu;kstu lesr L=h jksx foKku%&

6-1-2-3-4-

5-

6-7-8-

9-

10-11-12-13-

ifjf”k’V&7lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk ls lEcfU/kr eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk dh ijh{kk

;kstuk ,oa ikB~;Øeeq[;¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk dh ijh{kk ;kstuk

Ø0 iz”u&i= le;kof/k iw.kkZad

lHkh iz”ui=ksa ds dqy vadksa dk ;ksx 1400 vadO;fDrRo ijh{k.k ¼lk{kkRdkj½%& 150 vadAlEiw.kZ ;ksx 1400 150 1550+ =

1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-

Cont...

Cont...

lkaf[;dh12-izkf.k foKku13-i”kqikyu ,oa i”kq fpfdRlk foKku14-m|ku foKku15-i;kZoj.k foKku16-

fdUrq “krZ ;g gS fd mEehnokjksa dks fuEufyf[kr fo’k;ksa dks ,d lkFk ysus dh vuqefr ugha nhtk;sxh%&

d`f’k foKku] d`f’k bathfu;fjax ,oa m|ku foKku¼d½xf.kr ,oa lkaf[;dh¼[k½jlk;u foKku vkSj jlk;u bathfu;fjax¼x½bathfu;fjax fo’k;ksa tSls d`f’k bathfu;fjax] jlk;u bathfu;fjax] flfoy bathfu;fjax rFkk ;kaf=d¼?k½

bathfu;fjax esa ls ,d ls vf/kd fo’k; ughaAuksV%& ifjf”k’V&8Åij fy[ks fo’k;ksa dk Lrj vkSj ikB~; fooj.k bl foKkiu ds dh vuqlwph esa fn;k x;k gSA

ifjf'k"V&8lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk dheq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk gsrq lkekU; vuqns'k ,oa ikB~;Øe

1- eq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk ds lHkh fo"k;ksa ds iz'u&i= ijEijkxr ¼fucU/k 'kSyh½ izdkj ds gksaxs fdUrqlkekU; v/;;u fo"k; ds iz'u&i= oLrqfu"B izdkj ds gksaxsA2- lHkh iz'u&i=ksa ds mÙkj fgUnh ;k v¡xzsth esa gh fy[kus gksaxsA iz'u&i= fgUnh vkSj v¡xzsth esa gksaxsA3- Åij mfYyf[kr izR;sd iz'u&i= ds fy, rhu ?k.Vs dk le; fn;k tk;sxk fdUrq lkekU; v/;;u gsrqnks ?k.Vs dk le; fn;k tk;sxkA

O;fDrRo ijh{k.kmEehnokjksa dk lk{kkRdkj lq;ksX; vkSj fu"i{k fo}kuksa ds cksMZ }kjk fd;k tk;sxkA O;fDrRo ijh{k.k&150vadksa dk gksxkA

vuqlwphlkekU; fgUnh vkSj lkekU; v/;;u ds iz'u&i=ksa dk Lrj ,slk gksxk ftldh Hkkjrh; fo'ofo|ky; dsfoKku ;k bathfu;fjax xzstq,V ls vk'kk dh tkrh gSA

bl ijh{kk ds oSdfYid fo"k;ksa ds iz'u&i= yxHkx vkulZ fMxzh Lrj ds gksaxs vFkkZr~ cSpyjfMxzh ls dqN vf/kd vkSj ekLVj fMxzh ls dqN deA bathfu;fjax fo"k;ksa ds ekeys esa ;g Lrj cSpyj fMxzhdk gksxkA fdlh Hkh fo"k; esa izk;ksfxd ijh{kk ugha yh tk;sxhA

oSdfYid fo"k;oSdfYid fo"k;ksa ds iz'u&i=ksa esa iz'uksa dh dqy la[;k vkB gksxhA lHkh iz'uksa ds vad

cjkcj gksaxsA izR;sd iz'u&i= ds nks Hkkx gksaxs vFkkZr~ Hkkx ¼d½ vkSj Hkkx ¼[k½A izR;sd Hkkx esa pkjiz'u gksaxsA vkB iz'uksa esa ls ik¡p iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus gksaxsA izR;sd Hkkx esa ,d iz'u vfuok;Z gksxkAizR;sd Hkkx ls de ls de ,d&,d iz'u ysrs gq, mEehnokjksa dks 'ks"k N% iz'uksa esa ls rhu vkSj iz'uksads mÙkj nsus gksaxsA bl izdkj izR;sd Hkkx esa ls de ls de nks iz'uksa ds mÙkj nsus gksaxs vFkkZr~ ,dvfuok;Z iz'u rFkk ,d vU; iz'uA

lkekU; fgUnh ,oa fucU/kizFke [k.M lkekU; fgUnh fu/kkZfjr vad 1001- vifBr x|ka'k dk la{ksi.k] mlls lEcfU/kr iz'u] js[kkafdr va'kksa dh O;k[;k ,oa mldk mi;qDr 'kh"kZdA2- 'kkldh;] v)Z'kkldh;] oS;fDrd rFkk O;olkf;d leL;kvksa ds fujkdj.k gsrq lEcfU/kr dks lEcksf/kri=] dk;kZy; vkns'k] vf/klwpuk vkSj ifji= lEcU/kh i=ys[ku@vkys[kuA3- vusdkFkhZ 'kCn] foykse 'kCn] i;kZ;okph 'kCn] rRle ,oa rn~Hko] {ks=h;] fons'kh ¼'kCn Hk.Mkj½]orZuh] vFkZcks/k] 'kCn&:i] laf/k] lekl] fØ;k;s a] fgUnh o.kZekyk] fojke fpUg] 'kCn jpuk]okD; jpuk] vFkZ] eqgkojs ,oa yksdksfDr;k¡] m-izdh eq[; cksfy;k¡ rFkk fgUnh Hkk"kk ds iz;ksx esagksus okyh v'kqf);k¡Af}rh; [k.M fgUnh fucU/k fu/kkZfjr vad 100blds vUrxZr nks mi[k.M gksaxsA izR;sd mi[k.M ls ,d&,d fucU/k ¼dqy feykdj nks fucU/k½ fy[kusgksaxsA izR;sd fucU/k dh foLrkj lhek 700 'kCn gksxhA fucU/k gsrq fuEuor~ {ks= gksaxs%&¼v½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½i ii iiilkfgR;] laLdfr jk"Vªh; fodkl ;kstuk;sa@fØ;kUo;u df"k] m|ksx ,oa O;kikjA¼c½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½i ii iiifoKku] i;kZoj.k izkdfrd vkink;sa ,oa muds fuokj.k jk"Vªh;] vUrjkZ"Vªh;]

lkef;d lkekftdleL;k;sa@funkuA

lkekU; v/;;u& iz'u&i= & I

1- Hkkjr dk bfrgkl ¼izkphu] e/;dkyhu ,oa vokZphu½A2- Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; vkUnksyu ,oa Hkkjrh; laLd`frA3- tula[;k] i;kZoj.k ,oa uxjhdj.k ¼Hkkjrh; ifjizs{; esa½A4- fo'o dk Hkwxksy] Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy ,oa izkd`frd lalk/kuA5- jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRoiw.kZ ?kVukØeA6- Hkkjrh; d`f"k] O;kikj ,oa okf.kT;A7- mÙkj izns'k ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa f'k{kk] laLd`fr] d`f"k] O;kikj] okf.kT; ,oa jgu&lgu rFkk lkekftdizFkkvksa dh fof'k"V tkudkjh Hkkjr ds bfrgkl vkSj Hkkjrh; laLd`fr esa yxHkx mUuhloha 'krkCnh dse/; Hkkx ls ysdj ns'k dk O;kid bfrgkl jgsxk vkSj lkFk esa xka/kh] VSxksj vkSj usg: ls lEcfU/kriz'u Hkh lfEefyr gksaxsA jk"Vªh; o vUrjkZ"Vªh; egRo dh ?kVukvksa esa [ksy&dwn ls lEcfU/kr lkekU;Kku ds iz'u Hkh jgsaxsA

lkekU; v/;;u&iz'u&i= & II

1- Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkkA2- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkkA3- lkekU; foKku] Hkkjr ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk vkSj izHkko ,oa nSfud thou esafoKku dh egÙkkA4- lkekU; ckSf)d ;ksX;rkA5- lkaf[;dh fo'ys"k.k] ys[kkfp= ¼xzkQ½ rFkk vkjs[k ¼Mk;xzke½ Hkkjrh; jkt O;oLFkk ls lEcfU/kr [k.M esaHkkjr dh jktuhfrd O;oLFkk ls lEcfU/kr iz'u gksaxsA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ns'k dh vkfFkZd uhfr dslkekU; y{k.kksa dk lekos'k gksxkA Hkkjr ds fodkl esa foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk vkSj mlds izHkkols lEcfU/kr [k.M esa ,sls iz'u iwNs tk;saxs] tks vH;FkhZ dh bl {ks= esa tkudkjh dh ijh{kk djsaA blesaizk;ksfxd i{k ij cy fn;k tk;sxkA lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.kksa esa vkjs[k o fp= :i esa izLrqfr rFkk lkexzh dsvk/kkj ij lgt cqf) dk iz;ksx djrs gq;s dqN fu"d"kZ fudkyus vkSj mlesa ik;h x;h dfe;ka] lhekvksa vkSjfolaxfr;ksa dk fu:i.k djus dh {kerk dh ijh{kk gksxhA

12-13-14-15-16-

¼d½¼[k½¼x½¼?k½

uksV%& ifjf”k’V&8

ifjf'k"V&8lgk;d ou laj{kd@{ks=h; ou vf/kdkjh lsok ijh{kk dheq[; ¼fyf[kr½ ijh{kk gsrq lkekU; vuqns'k ,oa ikB~;Øe

O;fDrRo ijh{k.k

vuqlwph

oSdfYid fo"k;

lkekU; fgUnh ,oa fucU/kizFke [k.M lkekU; fgUnh fu/kkZfjr vad 1001-2-

3-

f}rh; [k.M fgUnh fucU/k fu/kkZfjr vad 100

¼v½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½i ii iii

¼c½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½ ¼ ½i ii iii

lkekU; v/;;u& iz'u&i= & I

1-2-3-4-5-6-7-

lkekU; v/;;u&iz'u&i= & II

1-2-3-

4-5-

d`f"k foKkuiz'u i=&1

ifjfLFkfr foKku vkSj ekuo ds fy, mldh izklafxdrk] izkd`frd lalk/ku] mUgsa dk;e j[kusdk izcU/k rFkk laj{k.k] Qlyksa ds mRiknu rFkk forj.k ds dkjd ds :i esa HkkSfrd rFkk lkekftdi;kZoj.k Qlyksa dh o`f) esa tyok;oh; ewy rRoksa dk izHkko] i;kZoj.k ds ladsrd ds :i esa lL; Øe ijifjorZu'khy i;kZoj.k dk izHkko Qlyksa] izkf.k;ksa o ekuoksa ds i;kZoj.kh iznw"k.k ls lEc) ladVA

ns'k ds fofHkUu d`f"k tyok;q {ks=ksa esa lL; Øe esa foLFkkiu ij vf/kd iSnkokj okyh rFkkvYikof/k fdLeksa dk izHkko cgq&lL;u] cgqLrjh;] vuqin rFkk varjk lL;u dh ladYiuk rFkk [kk|mRiknu esa budk egRo ns'k ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa [kjhQ rFkk jch ekSleksa esa mRikfnr eq[; vukt] nygu]frygu] js'kk] 'kdZjk] O;kolkf;d rFkk pkjk Qlyksa ds mRiknu gsrq iSdst jhfr;k¡A

fofo/k izdkj ds ou jksiu tSls ou foLrkj] lkekftd okfudh] d`f"k okfudh rFkk izkd`frd ouksadh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡] {ks= rFkk foLrkjA

[kjirokj] mudh fo'ks"krk,¡] izdh.kZu rFkk fofHkUu Qlyksa ds lkFk mudh lEc)rk] mudkxq.ku] [kj& irokjksa dk d"kZ.k] tSfod rFkk jklk;fud fu;a=.kAe`nk& HkkSfrd] jlk;fud rFkk tSfod xq.k e`nk jpuk ds izØe rFkk dkjd Hkkjrh; e`nkvksa dkvk/kqfud oxhZdj.k e`nk ds [kfut rFkk dkcZfud la?kVd vkSj e`nk dh mRikndrk cuk;s j[kus esamudh Hkwfedk ikS/kks a ds fy, vko';d iks"kd inkFkZ rFkk e`nk vkSj ikS/kks a ds vU; ykHkdkjh rRo e`nkmoZjrk ds fl)kUr rFkk foosdiw.kZ moZjd iz;ksx vkSj lekdfyr iks"kd izcU/k dk ewY;kadu] e`nk esaukbVªkstu dh gkfu] ty eXu /kku&e`nk esa ukbVªkstu mi;ksx {kerk] e`nk es a ukbVªk stu;kSfxdhdj.k] e`nkvks a es a QklQksjl rFkk iksVsfl;e dk ;kSfxdhdj.k rFkk mudk n{k mi;ksxleL;ktud e`nk;sa rFkk muds lq/kkj ds rjhdsA

ty foHkktu ds vk/kkj ij e`nk laj{k.k ;kstuk ioZrh;] fxfjiknksa rFkk ?kkfV;ksa esa vijnu rFkkviokg izcU/ku( budks izHkkfor djus okys izØe rFkk dkjd] ckjkuh d`f"k rFkk mlls lEcfU/kr leL;k,a]o"kkZ iksf"kr d`f"k {ks=ksa esa d`f"k mRiknu esa fLFkjrk ykus dh izkS|ksfxdhA lL; mRiknu ls lEcfU/kr tymi;ksx {kerk] flapkbZ dk;ZØe ds ekun.M] flapkbZ ty dh viokg gkfu dks de djus dh fof/k;k¡ rFkklk/ku ¼mik;½ fMªi ¼Vidkdj½ rFkk fNM+dko }kjk flapkbZ tykØkar Hkwfe ls ty dk fudkl] flapkbZty dh xq.koÙkk] e`nk rFkk ty iznw"k.k ij vkS|ksfxd cfglzkoksa dk izHkkoA

QkeZ izcU/k] fo"ke {ks=] egRo rFkk fo'ks"krk,a] QkeZ vk;kstuk] lalk/kuksa dk b"Vre mi;ksx rFkkctV cukuk fofHkUu izdkj dh d`f"k iz.kkfy;ksa dh vFkZ O;oLFkkA

d`f"k fuos'kksa vkSj mRiknksa dk foi.ku vkSj ewY; fu/kkZj.k] ewY; mrkj&p<+ko rFkk mudh ykxr(d`f"k vFkZ O;oLFkk esa lgdkjh laLFkkvksa dh Hkwfedk( d`f"k ds izdkj rFkk iz.kkfy;ksa vkSj mldks izHkkfor djusokys dkjdA

d`f"k foLrkj] bldk egRo rFkk Hkwfedk] d`f"k foLrkj dk;ZØeksa ds ewY;kadu dh fof/k;k¡]lkekftd] vkfFkZd losZ{k.k rFkk NksVs&cM+s vkSj lhekUr d`"kdksa o Hkwfeghu d`f"k Jfedksa dh fLFkfr] QkeZ;a=hdj.k rFkk d`f"k mRiknu vkSj xzkeh.k jkstxkj esa mudh Hkwfedk foLrkj dk;ZdrkZvksa ds fy, izf'k{k.kdk;ZØe( iz;ksx'kkyk ls [ksrksa rd dk dk;ZØeA


dksf'kdk fl)kUr] dksf'kdk lajpuk] dksf'kdk vaxd rFkk muds dk;Z] dksf'kdk foHkktu]U;wDyhd vEy& lajpuk rFkk dk;Z] thu lajpuk rFkk mudk dk;Z] vkuqoaf'kdrk ds fu;e rFkk ikniiztuu esa mudh lkFkZdrk xq.k lw= ¼Øksekslkse½ lajpuk] xq.k lw= foiFku] lgyXurk ,oa thu fofue;rFkk iqu;ksZtu iztuu esa mudh lkFkZdrk cgqxqf.krk] lqxqf.kr rFkk vlqxqf.kr lw{e ,oa xq# mRifjorZurFkk Qly lq/kkj esa mudh Hkwfedk fofo/krk] fofo/krk ds ?kVd oa'kkxfrRo] cU/;rk rFkk vla;ksT;rk]oxhZdj.k rFkk Qly lq/kkj esa mudk vuqiz;ksx dksf'kdknzO;h oa'kkxfr] fyax lgyXu] fyax izHkkfor rFkkfyax lhfer y{k.kA

ikni iztuu dk bfrgkl tuu dh fof/k;k¡] Lofulspu rFkk ladj.k rduhdsa Qlyh ikS/kks adk mn~Hko ,oa fodkl] mn~Hko dk dsUnz] letkr Js.kh ds fu;e] lL; vkuqoaf'kd lalk/ku&laj{k.krFkk mi;ksx izeq[k Qlyksa ds lq/kkj esa ikni iztuu ds fl)kUrksa dk vuqiz;ksx 'kq) oa'kØe oj.k]oa'kkoyh] lewg rFkk iqujkorhZ oj.k] la;ksth {kerk] ikni iztuu esa mldk egRo] ladj vkst ,oamldk mi;ksx] iztuu dh izrhi ladj.k fof/k] jksx ,oa ihMd izfrjks/k ds fy, iztuu vUrjktkrh;rFkk vUrjkoa'kh; ladj.k dh Hkwfedk ikni iztuu esa tSo izkS|ksfxdh dh Hkwfedk fofHkUu Qlyh ikS/kks adh mUur fdLesa] ladj] feJA cht izkS|ksfxdh ,oa mldk egRo] fofHkUu izdkj ds cht rFkk chtmRiknu vkSj lalk/ku dh rduhdsa Hkkjr esa cht mRiknu] lalk/ku rFkk foi.ku esa ljdkjh ,oa futh{ks= dh HkwfedkA

'kjhj fØ;k foKku vkSj d`f"k foKku esa bldk egRo var% 'kks"k.k] i`"B ruko] fo"kj.k vkSjijk’kj.k] ty dk vo'kks"k.k vkSj LFkkukUrj.k] ok"iksRltZu vkSj ty dh ferO;f;rkA

izfd.o ¼,Utkbe½ vkSj iknd o.kZd( izdk'k la'kys"k.k vk/kqfud ladYiuk;sa vkSj blds izØe dksizHkkfor djus okys dkjd] vDlh o vukDlh 'olu( lh3] lh4 rFkk lh,,e fØ;k fof/k dkcksZgkbMsªV]izksVhu rFkk olk mikip;A

o`f) o ifjo/kZu] fnfIrdkfyrk vkSj clUrhdj.k vkfDlu] gkeksZu vkSj vU; iknifu;ked&budh fØ;k dh fØ;k fof/k rFkk d`f"k esa egRo] cht ifjo/kZu rFkk vadqj.k dh dkf;Zdh( izlwfrtyok;oh; vko';drk;sa rFkk izeq[k Qyksa] lfCt;ksa vkSj iq"ih ikS/kksa dk d"kZ.k( iSdst jhfr;k¡ vkSj mudkoSKkfud vk/kkj Qyksa o lfCt;ksa ds laHkyko rFkk foi.ku dh leL;k;sa egRoiw.kZ Qyksa rFkk lfCt;ksa dsmRiknksa ds ijh{k.k dh eq[; fof/k;k¡] lalk/ku rduhdsa rFkk miLdj] ekuo iks"k.k esa Qyksa vkSj lfCt;ksa dhHkwfedk] 'kksHkkdkjh ikS/kksa dks mxkuk] ykWu vkSj ckx&cxhpksa dk vfHkdYiu rFkk vfHkfoU;klA

Hkkjr esa lfCt;ksa] Qyks|kuksa vkSj jksi.k Qlyksa dh chekfj;k¡ vkSj ihMd ¼uk'kd thu½ ikniihMdksa rFkk chekfj;ksa ds dkj.k rFkk oxhZdj.k ikni ihMdksa rFkk chekfj;ksa ds fu;a=.k ds fl)kUr ihMdksavkSj jksxksa dk tSfod fu;a=.k ihMdksa o jksxksa dk lekdfyr izcU/ku tkuifnd jksx funku ,oa iwokZuqekuihMdukfl;ksa] la:i.k ,oa fØ;k fof/k] jkbtksfc;eh fuos'k nzO; ds lkFk mudh laxrrk] lw{e thoh vfo"kA

vukt o nkyksa ds Hk.Mkj ihMd rFkk jksx vkSj mudk fu;a=.kA Hkkjr esa [kk| mRiknu rFkkmiHkksx dh izo`fÙk;k¡ jk"Vªh; rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; [kk| uhfr;k¡ mRiknu izk"k.k forj.k vkSj lalk/ku ds vojks/kjk"Vªh; vkgkj izfreku ls [kk| mRiknuksa dk lEcU/k] dSyksfj;ksa vkSj izksVhu dh fo'ks"k dfe;kaA

d`f"k bathfu;fjaxiz'u i=&1[k.M&d

1- e`nk rFkk ty laj{k.k % e`nk rFkk ty laj{k.k dk {ks= Hkwfe dVko dh izfØ;k rFkk izdkj vkSj mudsdkj.k o"kkZ] viokg rFkk volknu lkis{krk vkSj mudk ekiu Hkwfe dVko ds tSfod rFkk vfHk;kaf=dhfu;a=d mik; ftuesa /kkjk&fdukjk laj{k.k] ouLifrd ¼osftVsfVo½ vojks/kd] leksP; cka/k] leksP;[kkb;k¡] leksP; iFkjhyh nhokjsa] osfndk,a ¼VSjsl½] fudklh rFkk ?kklkPNkfnr tyekxZ 'kkfey gS]ukyh fu;a=.k lajpuk,a& vLFkk;h rFkk LFkk;h& LFkk;h e`nk lajpuk,a tSls <+yoha ukyh ¼'kwV½]tyizikr rFkk osx&fu;a=d] mRFkwyo ekxZ dk vfHkdYi QkeZ rkykc rFkk vUr%lzkoh rkykcks adk vfHkdYi] ck<+ fu;a=.k&ck<+ vuq'khyu ds fl)kUr] ty foHkktu izcU/k&vUos"k.k] ;kstukrFkk dk;kZUo;u&izkFkfedrkvks a ij {ks=ks a dk p;u rFkk ty foHkktu dk;Z ;kstuk] tygkcs ZfLVax rFkk vknZ zrk laj{k.k] Hk wfe fodkl&leryu] [kuu feêh vk;ru dk vkdyu vkSj




1- e`nk rFkk ty laj{k.k %

Cont...

ykxr fu/kkZj.k] ok;q dVko izØe&'ksYVj cSYVks rFkk ok;q vojks/kk s a dk vfHkdYi rFkk mudkizcU/k] ou ¼laj{k.k½ vf/kfu;eA2- ok;oh; QksVksxzkQh rFkk lqnwj laosnu % QksVksxzkfQd Nfo dh ewyHkwr fo'ks"krk,a] O;k[;k 'kSfy;k¡] O;k[;kds fy, miLdj] Hkwfe mi;ksx] HkwfoKku] e`nk rFkk okfudh ds fy, Nfo O;k[;k] lqnwj laosnu&ijEijkxrrFkk lqnwj laosnh mixeu ds xq.k rFkk voxq.k] mixzg Nfo;ksa ds izdkj mixzg Nfo O;k[;k ds ewyfl)kUr] e`nk ty rFkk Hkwfe mi;ksx ds izcU/k ds fy, n`'; rFkk vadh; fuoZpu dh rduhdsa ou O;oLFkk]tylzksrksa vkfn lfgr ty foHkktdksa] ouksa dh ;kstuk rFkk fodkl esa thvkbZ,l dk mi;ksxA

[k.M&[k3- flapkbZ rFkk tyfudkl ¼Mªsust½% flapkbZ ds fy, ty ds lzksr] y?kq flapkbZ ifj;kstukvksa dh ;kstukrFkk fMtkbu&e`nk vknZzrk ekiu dh rduhdsa&iz;ksx'kkyk rFkk LoLFkkus a] e`nk&ty&iknilEcU/k] Qly dh ty vis{kk,a] Hk wry rFkk Hk wfexr ty ds datfDVo iz;ksx dh ;kstuk] flapkbZty dk ekiu] ekius ds lk/ku eq[kNsn] ca/kkjk rFkk voufydk] flapkbZ dh i)fr;k¡&lrgh]fNM+dko rFkk Viduk] QfVZxs'ku] flapkbZ dq'kyrk,a vkSj mudk vkdyu] ugjks a] [ksrks a es atyekxZ] Hk wfexr ikbiykbu] fudkl}kj] fn'k ifjorZu d{k rFkk lM+d ikj djus dh lajpukvksadk fMtkbu rFkk fuekZ.kA

Hkwty dh izkfIr] dqvksa dh ty O;oLFkk] dqvksa ds izdkj ¼V~;wcoSy rFkk vksisu osy½ vkSj mudkfuekZ.k dqvksa dk fodkl vkSj ijh{k.k] iEiksa ds izdkj] p;u rFkk LFkkiuk] #X.k rFkk foQy dqvksa dhiquZLFkkiuk] ty fudkl ty xzlu ds dkj.k rFkk yo.k leL;k,a] ty fudkl dh i)fr;k¡&flafpr rFkkvflafpr Hkwfe dk ty fodkl] lrg] milrg rFkk m/okZ/kj ty fudkl i)fr;k¡] fud`"V ty dk lq/kkjrFkk mi;ksx] lsyhu vkSj vYdkyh e`nkvksa dk m)kj] flapkbZ rFkk ty fudkl iz.kkfy;ksa dkvFkZ'kkL=@O;FkZ ty dk flapkbZ ds fy, mi;ksx&nh?kZof/k flapkbZ] laxrrk rFkk vFkksZik; ds fy, O;FkZty ds ekud LrjA4- d`f"kd lajpuk,a% QkeZ izfr"Bku] QkeZ gkml] i'kqx`g] Ms;jh HkqlkSjk] eqxhZ&x`g] 'kwdj x`g] e'khusarFkk miLdj LFky ds fy, LFkku dk p;u] fMtkbu o fuekZ.k] [kk|kUuksa] Hkkstu rFkk pkjs ds fy,HkaMkj.k lajpuk,a] ckM+k rFkk d`f"k lM+dksa ds fy, fMtkbu vkSj fuekZ.k] ikni i;kZoj.k ds fy,lajpuk,a] xzhu gkml] ikWyh gkml rFkk 'ksM gkml] fuekZ.k esa iz;ksx dh tkus okyh lkekU; HkoufuekZ.k lkexzh] fVEcj] b±V] iRFkj] Vkbysa] daØhV vkfn vkSj muds xq.k/keZ] ty vkiwfrZ] tyfudklrFkk LoPNrk izcU/k i)fr;k¡A


1- QkeZ ikoj rFkk e'khujh% d`f"k ;a=hdj.k vkSj bldk {ks= QkeZ ikoj ds lzksr&ltho rFkk bysDVªks;kaf=d] rkixfrdh] vkarfjd ngu baftuksa dh lajpuk vkSj dk;Ziz.kkyh vkarfjd ngu baftuksa ds fy,b±/ku] izToyu] Lusgu] 'khryu rFkk fu;a=.k iz.kkyh] fofHkUu izdkj ds VªSDVj rFkk ikoj fVªYyj ikojVªklfe'ku] xzkm.M Mªkbo] ikoj Vsd&vkWQ rFkk daVªksy flLVe izkFkfed rFkk f}rh;d tqrkbZ ds fy,A

QkeZ e'khujh dk izpkyu rFkk j[k&j[kko] d"kZ.k fl)kUr cqvkbZ] izfrjksi.k rFkk fujkbZ&xqM+kbZ midj.k rFkkvkStkj] ikni laj{k.k ;a= fNM+dko rFkk izdh.kZu] Qly dVkbZ] Fkzsflax rFkk dEckbu midj.k] vFkZ&ewfoax rFkkHkwfe fodkl e'khujh&i)fr;k¡ rFkk ykxr vkadyu vxksZukfeDl vkWQ esu&e'khu flLVe ckxokuh rFkk df"kokfudh ds fy, midj.k] HkksT; ,oa pkjk] df"k rFkk ou mRiknksa dh <qykbZA2- d`f"k ÅtkZ% d`f"k lEcU/kh dk;ks± rFkk d`f"k lalk/kuksa dh ÅtkZ t:jrsa] d`f"k vuqiz;ksxksa ds fy, fctyh dheksVjksa dk pquko] vf/k"Bkiu] lqj{kk rFkk j[k&j[kko] lkSj ¼FkeZy rFkk QksVksoksYVsd½ iou rFkk ck;ksxSlÅtkZ vkSj d`f"k esa mudk mi;ksx] vkbZlh baftuksa ds izpkyu rFkk bySfDVªd ikoj mRiknu ds fy,ck;ksxSl dk xSlhdj.k ÅtkZ n{k dqfdax LVkso rFkk fodYih dqfdax b±/ku] d`f"k rFkk d`f"k m|ksx vuqiz;ksxksads fy, fctyh dk forj.kA

[k.M&[k3- d`f"k lalk/ku bathfu;fjax% Qlyksa dh mitksÙkj izkS|ksfxdh vkSj bldk {ks=] d`f"k mRiknksa vkSj mRiknksads bathfu;fjax xq.k/keZ] ;wfuV izpkyu&d`f"k mRiknksa rFkk miksRiknksa dh lQkbZ] xzsfMax] vkdkj] U;wuu]?kuhdj.k lkanz.k] 'kq"[email protected]] ok"iu] fQYVju] iz'khru rFkk laos"Vu&lkexzh laHkkyus dsmidj.kAcSYV rFkk LØwokgd] ckYVh mRFkkid] mudh {kerk rFkk 'kfDr vis{kk,a

nqX/k rFkk Ms;jh mRiknksa dk lalk/ku&lekaxhdj.k] Øhe i`FkDdj.k] ik'P;qjhdj.k] futZehZdj.k]Lizs rFkk jksyj 'kqLdu] eD[ku cukuk] vkbZlØhe] iuhj rFkk Jh[k.M cukuk vo'ks"k rFkk miksRiknmi;ksx&pkoy dh Hkwlh] pkyo dk pksdj] xUus dh [kksbZ] ikni vof'k"V rFkk Øks;j eTtkA4- d`f"k bathfu;fjax esa eki ;a=.k rFkk dEI;wVj vuqiz;ksx% bysDVªkfud lk/ku rFkk muds y{k.k&fn"Vdkjh] izo/kZd] nksfy=] cgqdfEi=] vadh;&lfdZV&vuqØfed rFkk la;qDr iz.kkfy;k¡] vkadM+s izkIrdjus rFkk d`f"k bathfu;jh izØe fu;a=.k esa ekbØksizkslsljksa dk vuqiz;ksx] ry] izokg] fod`fr] cy]cy&vk?kw.kZ] 'kfDr] ncko] fuokZr rFkk rkieku ds fy,] eki i)fr;k¡] dEI;wVj&ifjp;]buiqV@vkmViqV fMokblsl] lsUVªy izkslsflax ;wfuV] eSeksjh fMokblsl] vkijsfVax flLVe] izkslsljdh&cksMZ rFkk fizUVlZ] d`f"k bathfu;jh esa dyufof/k izokg pkVZ fofunsZ'k] izksxzke :ikUrj.k rFkk leL;kfo'ys"k.k] eYVhehfM;k rFkk JO;n`'; lgk;d lkexzhA

ouLifr foKkuiz'u&i=&1

1- lw{etSfodh ,oa ikni jksx foKku% fo"kk.kq] thok.kq ,oa IykfTeM&lajpuk ,oa tuu] laØe.k dk lkekU;o.kZu] ikni izfrj{kk foKku] d`f"k] m|ksx] fpfdRlk rFkk ok;q ,oa e`nk ,oa ty esa iznw"k.k&fu;a=.k esalw{etSfodh ds vuqiz;ksxA

fo"kk.kqvksa] thok.kqvksa] ekbdksIykTek] dodksa rFkk lw=d`fe;ksa }kjk gksus okys izeq[k ikni jksx]laØe.k rFkk jksx izfrjks/k@izfrj{kk dh fof/k;k¡] ijthfork dh dkf;Zdh vkSj fu;a=.k ds mik;A dodvkfo"kA2- fØIVksxsEl% 'kSoky] dod] ck;ksQkbV] VsfjMksQkbV&lajpuk vkSj tuu ds fodklkRed igyw] Hkkjr esafØIVksxsEl dk forj.k vkSj muds vkfFkZd egRo dh lEHkkouk,aA3- iq"iksn~fHkn % vuko`rchth % iwoZ vuko`rchth dh vo/kkj.kk] vuko`rchth dk oxhZdj.k vkSj forj.k]lkbdSMsyht] dksuhQSjsyht vkSj uhVsyht ds eq[; y{k.k] lajpuk o tuu] lkbdSMksfQfydsyht]cSUusfVVsyht rFkk dkMsZyht dk lkekU; o.kZuA

vko`rchth ¼,saft;ksLieZ½% ofxZdh] 'kjhj] Hkzw.k foKku] ijek.kq foKku vkSj tkfr o`ÙkAvko`rchft;ksa ds oxhZdj.k dh fofHkUu iz.kkfy;ksa dk rqyukRed fooj.k] vko`rchth dqyksa dk v/;;u&eSXuksfy,lh] jSuudqySlh] czSlhdslh ¼ØwlhQsjh½] jkstslh] ysX;wfeukslh] ;wQkfcZ,lh] ekyoslh]fMIVsjksdkiksZlh] ,fi,lh ¼vEcsyhQsjh½] ,LDysfifM,lh] ocZfulh] lksySuslh] #fc u,lh] dqdqjfcVslh],sLVhajlh ¼daiksftVh½] iks,lh ¼xzkfeuh½ ,sjhdslh ¼ikeh½] fyfy,lh ¼E;wtslh½] vkdhZMslhA ja/kz vkSj mudsizdkj] folaxr f}rh;d o`f)] lh&3 vkSj lh&4 ikS/kksa dk 'kjhjA

uj vkSj eknk ;qXedksn~fHkn dk ifjo/kZu] ijkx.k] fu"kspu] Hkzw.kiks"k&bldk ifjo/kZu vkSj dk;ZAHkzw.k ifjo/kZu dk Lo:iA cgq&Hkzw.krk] vlaxtuu] ijkxk.kq foKku ds vuqiz;ksxA4- ikni mi;ksfxrk rFkk nksgu% d`"V ikS/kksa dk mn~Hko] mn~Hko lECkU/kh oSohykso ds dsUnzA [kk|] pkjk] js'kksa]elkyksa] is; inkFkksZa] vkS"kf/k;ksa] Lokidksa ¼u'khys inkFkksZa½] dhVukf'k;ksa] bekjrh ydM+h] xksan] jsftuksa rFkkjatdksa ds lzksrksa ds #i esa ikS/ksA

2- ok;oh; QksVksxzkQh rFkk lqnwj laosnu %

[k.M&[k3- flapkbZ rFkk tyfudkl ¼Mªsust½%

4- d`f"kd lajpuk,a%


1- QkeZ ikoj rFkk e'khujh%

2- d`f"k ÅtkZ%

[k.M&[k3- d`f"k lalk/ku bathfu;fjax%

4- d`f"k bathfu;fjax esa eki ;a=.k rFkk dEI;wVj vuqiz;ksx%


1- lw{etSfodh ,oa ikni jksx foKku%

2- fØIVksxsEl%

3- iq"iksn~fHkn %

4- ikni mi;ksfxrk rFkk nksgu%

ySVsDl] lsyqyksl] eaM vkSj muds mRikn] b=lkth] Hkkjr ds lUnHkZ esa u`dqyuouLifrdh dkegRo] ÅtkZ o`{kjksi.k] okuLifrd m|ku vkSj ikniky;A5- vkdkjtuu% iw.kZ'kDrrk /kzqo.krk] lefefr vkSj foHksnu] dksf'kdk] Ård] vax ,oa thonzO;d lao/kZu]dkf;d ladj vkSj nzO;ladjA


1- dksf'kdk tSfodh% dksf'kdk tSfodh dh izfof/k;k¡] izkdsUnzdh vkSj lqdsUnzdh dksf'kdk,a&lajpukRed vkSjijklajpukRed ckjhfd;k¡] dksf'kdkckg~; vk/kk=h vFkok bZlh,e ¼dksf'kdkfHkÙk½ rFkk f>fYy;ksa dh lajpukvkSj dk;Z@dksf'kdk vklatu] f>Yyh vfHkxeu rFkk vkl;h vfHkxeu] dksf'kdk vaxdksa ¼gfjryod]lw=df.kdk,a] bZvkj] jkbckslkse] var%dk;] y;udk;] ijvkDlhlkse gkbMªksftukslkse½ dh lajpuk vkSjdk;Z] dsUnzd] dsfUnzd] dsUnzdh ja/kz lfEeJ] ØksesfVu ,oa U;wfDy;kslkse] dksf'kdk ladsru vkSj dksf'kdkxzkgh] ladsr ikjØe.k ¼th&1 izksVhUl vkfn½] lelw=.k vkSj v/kZlw=.k] foHkktu] dksf'kdk pØ dkvkf.od vk/kkj] xq.klw=ksa esa la[;kRed vkSj lajpukRed fofHkUurk,a rFkk mudk egRo] cgqiêh;] ySEiczq'krFkk ch&xq.klw=ksa dk v/;;u&lajpuk] O;ogkj vkSj egRoA2- vkuqoaf'kdh] vkf.od tSfod vkSj fodkl% vkuqoaf'kdh dk fodkl vkSj thu cuke ;qXefodYihvo/kkj.kk ¼dwVfodYih½ ifjek.kkRed vkuqoaf'kdh rFkk cgqdkjd] lgyXurk rFkk fofue;&vkf.odekufp= ¼ekufp=.k izdk;Z dh vo/kkj.kk½ lfgr thu ekufp=.k dh fof/k;k¡] fyax xq.klw= rFkk fyaxlgyXu oa'kkxfr] fyax fu/kkZj.k vkSj fyax foHksn dk vkf.od vk/kkj] mRifjorZu ¼tSo jklk;fud vkSjvkf.od vk/kkj½ dksf'kdknzO;h oa'kkxfr ,oa dksf'kdknzO;h thu ¼uj ca/;rk dh vkuqoaf'kdh lfgr½ izksladrFkk izkslad ifjdYiuk] U;wDyhd vEyksa vkSj izksVhuksa dh lajpuk rFkk la'ys"k.k] vkuqoaf'kdh dwV vkSj thuvfHkO;fDr dk fu;eu] cgqthu oxZAtSo fodkl&izek.k] fØ;kfof/k rFkk fl)kUr] mn~Hko rFkk fodkl esa vkj0,u0,0 dh HkwfedkA3- ikni iztuu] tSo izkS|ksfxdh rFkk tSo lkaf[;dh% ikni iztuu dh fof/k;k¡&vkizos'k] p;u vkSj ladj.k¼oa'kkoyh] izrhi izladj.k] lkewfgd p;u] O;kid i)fr½A

uj ca/;rk rFkk ladj vkst iztuu] ikni iztuu esa vlaxtuu dk mi;ksx] lw{eizo/kZu rFkkvkuqoaf'kd bathfu;jh&thu varj.k dh fof/k;k¡ rFkk ijthuh lL;] ikni iztuu esa vkf.od fpg~ud dkfodkl ,oa mi;ksxAekud fopyu rFkk fopj.k xq.kkad ¼lhoh½ lkFkZdrk ijh{k.k] ¼tSM&ijh{k.k] Vh ijh{k.k rFkk dkbZ&oxZijh{k.k½] izkf;drk rFkk forj.k ¼lkekU;] f}inh vkSj Ioklksa caVu½ lEcU/ku rFkk lekJ;.kA4- 'kjhj fØ;k foKku rFkk tSo jklk;fudh% ty lEcU/k] [kfut iks"k.k rFkk vk;u vfHkxeu] [kfutU;wurk,aA

izdk'k la'ys"k.k&izdk'k jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,a] QksVks&QkLQksfjys'ku ,oa dkcZu ikFkos ftlesa'kkfey gSa lh&ikFkos ¼izdk'k 'olu½ lh 3] lh 4 vkSj dSe fn'kkekxZ] 'olu ¼fd.ou lfgr vok;qthoh;vkSj ok;qthoh;½& bysDVªku vfHkxeu [k vkSj vkDlhdj.kh] QkWLQksfjys'ku] jlksijklj.kh fl)kUr rFkk,Vhih la'ys"k.k] ukbVªkstu fLFkjhdj.k ,oa ukbVªkstu mikip;] fd.o] lgfd.o] ÅtkZ&varj.k rFkkÅtkZ&laj{k.k] f}rh; mikip;tksa dk egRo] izdk'kxzkfg;ksa ds :i esa o.kZd ¼IySfLVfM;y o.kZd rFkkiknio.kZd½ nhfIrdkfyrk rFkk iq"iu] olarhdj.k] th.kZu] o`f) inkFkZ&mudh jklk;fud izd`fr] d`f"kckxokuh esa mudh Hkwfedk vkSj vuqiz;ksx] o`f) ladsr] o`f) xfr;k¡] izfrcy 'kjhjfØ;k foKku ¼rki] ty]yo.krk] /kkrq½] Qy ,oa cht 'kjhj fØ;kfoKku chtksa dh izlqfIr] HkaMkj.k rFkk mudk vadqj.k] Qy dkiduk&bldk vkf.od vk/kkj rFkk eSfuiqys'kuA5- ifjfLFkfrfoKku rFkk ikni Hkwxksy% ifjfLFkfrd dkjd] leqnk; dh vo/kkj.kk;sa vkSj xfrdh] iknivuqØe.k] thoe.My dh vo/kkj.kk] ikfjra= vkSj mudk laj{k.k] iznw"k.k vkSj mldk fu;a=.k¼QkbVksjsfefM,'ku lfgr½A

Hkkjr ds ouksa ds iz:i&oujksi.k] ouksUewyu rFkk lkekftd okfudhA ladVkiUu ikS/ks]LFkkfudrk rFkk jsM MkVkcqdA tSo&fofo/krkA tSo fofo/krk] izHkqlÙkk vf/kdkjh rFkk ckSf/kd lEinkvf/kdkjksa ij lEesyuA tSo&Hkwjklk;fud pØ&oSf'od rkiuA

jlk;u foKkuiz'u&i=&1

1- ijek.kq lajpuk% DokaVe fl)kUr] gkbZlsucxZ vfuf'prrk fl)kUr] JksfMaxj rjax lehdj.k ¼dkyvukfJr½ rjax Qyu dh O;k[;k] ,dy foeh; ckDl esa d.k] DokaVe la[;k,a] gkbMªkstu ijek.kq rjaxQyuA ,lih vkSj Mh d{kksa dh vkd`frA2- jklk;fud vkcU/k% vk;uh vkcU/k] vk;uh ;kSfxdksa ds vfHky{k.k] vk;uh ;kSfxdksa dh fLFkjrk dksizHkkfor djus okys dkj.k] tkyd ÅtkZ] ckuZgScj pØ] lg&la;kstd vkcU/k rFkk blds lkekU;vfHky{k.kA v.kqvksa esa vkcU/k dh /kzqo.kk rFkk mlds f}/kzqo vk?kw.kZA la;ksth vkcU/k fl)kUr] vuqukn rFkkvuqukn ÅtkZ dh vo/kkj.kkA v.kq d{kd fl)kUr ¼,ylh,vks i)fr½] leU;wDyh; v.kqvksa esa vkcU/k%H2+, H2 ls NC2, NO, CO, HF, CN, CH, BeH2 CO2ArFkk la;ksth vkcU/k rFkk v.kq d{kd fl)kUrksadh rqyuk] vkcU/k dksfV] vkcU/k lkeF;Z rFkk vkcU/k yEckbZA3- Bksl voLFkk ¼lksfyMLVsV½% Bkslksa ds izdkj] varjkQyd dks.kksa ds fLFkjkad dk fu;e] fØLVy i)frrFkk fØLVy oxZ ¼fØLVyksxzkfQd lewg½ fØLVy Qydksa] tkyd lajpukvksa rFkk ;wfuV lsy dk Li"VmYys[k] ifjes; lwpdksa ds fu;e] cszx dk fu;e] fØLVy }kjk ,Dl&js foorZu] Dykst iSfdax ¼lqladqfyrjpuk½ v)ZO;kl vuqikr fu;e] fyfefgax v)ZO;kl vuqikr ewY;ksa ds vkdyuA NaCL,ZnS, CsCL,CaF ,Cdl2 2 rFkk LVkby dh lajpukA fØLVyksa esa viw.kZrk] LVkbfd;ksehVªhd rFkk ukuLVkbfd;ksehfVªdnks"k] v'kq)rk nks"k] v)Zpkyd] nzo joksa dk izkjfEHkd v/;;uA4- xSl voLFkk% okLrfod xSlksa dh voLFkk dk lehdj.k] vUrjk&v.kqd ikjLifjd fØ;k] xSlksa dknzohdj.k rFkk Økafrd ?kVuk] eSDlosy dk xfr forj.k] vUrjk.kqd la?kê] nhokj ij la?kê rFkkvfHkLiUnuA5- Å"ekxfrdh rFkk lkaf[;dh; Å"ekxfrdh% Å"ekxfrdh i)fr] voLFkk,a vkSj izØe dk;Z] Å"ek rFkkvkUrfjd ÅtkZ] Å"ekxfrdh dk izFke fu;e] fudk; ij fd;k x;k dk;Z rFkk fofHkUu izdkj ds izØeksa esa'kksf"kr Å"ek] dSyksjhfefr] fofHkUu izØeksa esa ÅtkZ ,oa ,s;kYih ifjorZu vkSj mudh rki ij fuHkZjrkA

Å"ekxfrdh dk nwljk fu;e% ,aVªksih ,d voLFkk Qyu ds :i esa fofHkUu izØeksa esa ,aVªksihifjorZu] ,aVªksih& mRØe.kh;rk rFkk vuqRØe.kh;rk] eqDr ÅtkZ Qyu] lkE;koLFkk dk ekin.M] lkE;fLFkjkad rFkk Å"ekxfrdh jkf'k;ksa ds chp lEcU/k] usUlVZ Å"ek izes; rFkk Å"ekxfrdh dk rhljk fu;eAlw{e rFkk LFkwy voLFkk,a% fofgr leqnk; rFkk fofgr foHkktu Qyu] bysDVªkfud] ?kw.khZ rFkk dEifudfoHkktu Qyu rFkk Å"ekxfrdh jkf'k;k¡] vkn'kZ xSl vfHkfØ;kvksa esa jklk;fud lkE;A6- izkoLFkk lkE; rFkk foy;u% 'kq) inkFkks± esa izkoLFkk lkE;] Dykfl;l&Dysfiju lehdj.k] 'kq) inkFkks±ds fy, izkoLFkk vkjs[k] f}vk/kkjh i)fr esa izkoLFkk lkE;] vkaf'kd feJ.kh; nzo&mPprj rFkk fuEurjØkfUrd foy;u rki] vkaf'kd eksyj jkf'k;k¡] mudk egRo rFkk fu/kkZj.k] vkf/kD; Å"ekxfrdh Qyu vkSjmudk fu/kkZj.kA7- fo|qr jlk;u% izoy fo|qr vi?kV~;ksa dk MsokbZ gqdsy fl)kUr] fofHkUu lkE; rFkk vf/kxeu xq.k/keks± dsfy, MsokbZ gqdsy lhekUr fu;eA

xSyosfud lsy] lkUnzrk lsy] bysDVªksdsfedy lhjht] lsyksa ds bZ,e,Q dk ekiu vkSj mldkvuqiz;ksx] b±/ku lsy rFkk cSVfj;k¡A bysDVªksM ij izØe] vUrjki`"B ij f}Loj] pktZ VªkaLQj dh nj] fo|qr/kkjk ?kuRo] vfrfoHko] oS|qr fo'ys"k.k rduhd oksYVkfefr] iksyjksxzkQh] ,Eijksfefr] pØh;&oksYVkfefr]vk;u o.kkZRed bysDVªksM vkSj muds mi;ksxA

5- vkdkjtuu%


1- dksf'kdk tSfodh%

2- vkuqoaf'kdh] vkf.od tSfod vkSj fodkl%

3- ikni iztuu] tSo izkS|ksfxdh rFkk tSo lkaf[;dh%

4- 'kjhj fØ;k foKku rFkk tSo jklk;fudh%

5- ifjfLFkfrfoKku rFkk ikni Hkwxksy%

jlk;u foKkuiz'u&i=&1

1- ijek.kq lajpuk%

2- jklk;fud vkcU/k%

3- Bksl voLFkk ¼lksfyMLVsV½%

4- xSl voLFkk%

5- Å"ekxfrdh rFkk lkaf[;dh; Å"ekxfrdh%

6- izkoLFkk lkE; rFkk foy;u%

7- fo|qr jlk;u%

Cont...

8- jklk;fud cyxfrdh% vfHkfØ;k nj dh lkUnzrk ij fuHkZjrk] 'kwU;] izFke] f}rh; rFkk vkaf'kd dksfV dhvfHkfØ;kvksa ds fy, vody vkSj lekady nj lehdj.k] mRØe] lekUrj] Øekxr rFkk Ja`[kykvfHkfØ;kvksa ds nj lehdj.k] nj fLFkjkad ij rki vkSj nkc dk izHkkoA LVkWi&¶yks vkSj fjysDls'ku i)fr}kjk nzqr vfHkfØ;kvksa dk v/;;uA la?kêu vkSj laØe.k voLFkk fl)kUrA9- izdk'k jlk;u% izdk'k dk vo'kks"k.k] fofHkUu ekxks± }kjk mÙksftr voLFkk dk volku] gkbMªkstu vkSjgsykstuksa ds e/; izdk'k jlk;u vfHkfØ;k vkSj DokUVeh yfC/kA10- i`"Bh; ifj?kVuk rFkk mRizsjdrk% Bksl vf/k'kks"kdksa ij xSlksa vkSj foy;uksa dk vf/k'kks"k.k] vf/k'kks"k.klerki js[kk&ySaxE;wj rFkk chbZVh vf/k'kks"k.k js[kk] i`"Bh; {ks=Qy dk fu/kkZj.k] fo"kekaxh mRizsjdksa ijvfHkfØ;k ds vfHky{k.k vkSj fØ;kfof/kA11- tSo&vdkcZfud jlk;u% tSfod rU=ksa esa /kkrq vk;u rFkk fefÙk ds ikj vk;u xeu ¼vkf.od fØ;kfof/k½] vkbuksQkslZ] QksVksflafFkflt&ih,l ] ih,l ] ukbVªkstu fQDls'ku] vkWDlhtu viVsd izksVhu]I IIlkbVksØkse rFkk QsjksMksfDlu esa mudh HkwfedkA12-leUo; jlk;u% ¼d½ bysDVªkfud foU;kl] laØe.k /kkrq ladqy esa vkcU/k fl)kUrksa dk ifjp;]la;kstdrk vkcU/k fl)kUr] fØLVy QhYM fl)kUr vkSj mlesa la'kks/ku] /kkrq ladqy ds pqEcdh; rFkkbysDVªkfud LisDVªe dh O;k[;k esa fl)kUrksa dk vuqiz;ksxA¼[k½ leUo;h ;kSfxdksa esa vkblksesfjTe ¼leko;drk½] leUo;h ;kSfxdksa dk vkbZ;wih,lh ukedj.k] 4 rFkk6 lek;kstu okys ladqyksa dk fHkfoe jlk;u] fdysV izHkko rFkk cgqukfHkdh; ladqy] ijk&izHkko vkSj mldsfl)kUr] oxZ leryh ladqy esa izfrLFkkifud vfHkfØ;kvksa dh cyxfrdh] ladqyksa dh rkixfrdh rFkkcyxfrdh fLFkjrkA¼x½ eSVy dkcksZfuyksa dk la'ys"k.k rFkk mudh lajpuk] dkcksZfDlysV ,sfu;u] dkcksZfuy gkbMªkbM rFkkesVy ukbVªkslhy ;kSfxdA¼?k½ ,jkseSfVd iz.kkyh ds ladqy] eSVy vksysfQu ladqyksa esa la'ys"k.k] lajpuk rFkk ca/k ,ydkbu rFkklkbDyksisUVkMk;fud ladqy] leUo;h vlarqIrrk] vkfDlMsfVo ;ksxkRed vfHkfØ;k,a] fuos'ku vfHkfØ;k,a]izokgh v.kq vkSj mudk vfHky{k.ku] eSVy&eSVy vkca/k rFkk eSVy ijek.kq xqPNs okys ;kSfxdA13- ,Q Cykd rRoksa dk lkekU; jlk;u% ysUFksukbM vkSj ,DVhukbM% i`FkDdj.k] vkDlhdj.k voLFkk,a]pqEcdh; rFkk LisDVªeh xq.k/keZ] ysUFksukbM ladqpuA14- futZy foyk;d % nzo rFkk esa vfHkfØ;k;sa] foyk;d fudk; vo/kkj.kk dhNH3, HF, SO2 H2SO4

vlQyrk] futZy foyk;dksa dk leUo;u ekMy] dqN mPp veyh; ek/;e] DyksjkslY¶;qfjd ,flM rFkklqij ,flMA

jlk;u foKkuiz'u i=&2

1- foLFkkfud lgla;kstd cU/k% ,sjkseSfVdrk] izfr ,jkseSfVdrk] ,U;wyhu] ,tsyhu] VªksiksyksUl] dsdqyhuQqYohu] flMuksuA2- ¼d½ vfHkfØ;k fØ;kfof/k% mnkgj.kksa }kjk dkcZfud vfHkfØ;kvksa dh fØ;kfof/k;ksa ds v/;;u dh lkekU;fof/k;ksa ¼xfrd ,oa xSj&xfrd nksuksa½ lekLFkkfudksa dk mi;ksx] Økl&vksoj iz;ksx] e/;orhZ Vªsfiax] f=foejlk;u] lkekU; dkcZfud vfHkfØ;kvksa ds ÅtkZ Mk;xzke&¼js[kkfp=½ laØkeh voLFkk,a ,oa e/;orhZ]lafØ;.k ÅtkZ] vfHkfØ;kvksa dk Å"ekxfrdh fu;a=.k rFkk xfrd fu;a=.kA¼[k½ vfHkfØ;k'khy e/;orhZ% dkcksZfu;e rFkk dkcksZfu;e vk;uks] dkcksZfu;uksa] eqDr ewydksa ¼Ýh jsfMdy½dkchZuks] csUtkbuks rFkk ukbVªsuks dk mRiknu] T;kfefr] fLFkjrk rFkk vfHkfØ;kA¼x½ izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k;sa rFkk fØ;k fof/k;k¡] izfros'kh lewg% SNI, SN2, SNi, SNI, SN2, SNi SRNI

Hkkxhnkjh] ikbZjksy] ¶;wju] fFk;ksQhu] baMksy tSls gsVªkslkbfDyd ;kSfxdksa lfgr ,jkseSfVd ;kSfxdksa dhbysDVªksfQfyd rFkk U;wfDy;ksfQfyd vfHkfØ;k,aA¼?k½ foyksiu vfHkfØ;k,a % rFkk fØ;kfof/k;k¡] lstsQ rFkk gkWQeu vfHkfØ;kvksa esa fnd~E1, E2 E1cb E2

foU;kl] ikbjksfyfVd foyksiu&,flVsV ikbjksfyfllA pwXxh; rFkk dks"k foyksiuAsyn

¼³½ ladyu vfHkfØ;k;sa% rFkk ds fy, bysDVªksfQfyd ladyu] ds fy,C-C C=C C=O, C-N

U;wDy;ksfQfyd ladyu] la;qXeh vkSfyfQUl rFkk dkcksZfuYlA¼p½ iqufoZU;kl% fiukdksy&fiukdksyksu] gkWQeu] csdeu] cs;j&fofyxj] QSoksLdhZ] ÝkbZl] Dyslsu] dksi]LVhosUt rFkk okXuj&esjckbu iqufoZU;klA3-ijjEHkh; vfHkfØ;k,a ¼ ½%Pericyclic reactions oxhZdj.k vkSj mnkgj.k] oqMoMZ&gkWQeu fu;e&bysDVªkslk;fDyd vfHkfØ;k,a&lkbDyks,Mhlu vfHkfØ;k,a ¼2$2 rFkk 4$2½ rFkk flXekVªksfid f'k¶V ¼1]3] 3] 3 rFkk 1] 5½ mixeuAFMO

4- jlk;u foKku rFkk vfHkfØ;kvksa dh fØ;kfof/k% ,YMksy la?kuu ¼Mk;jsDVsM ,YMksy la?kuu lfgr½]DySlsu la?kuu Mhdeu] ijfdu] uksosustsy] fofVt] Dyhesalu] oksYQ&fd'kuj] dsfutkjksa rFkkQku&fjDVj vfHkfØ;k,a] LVkWc] csUtksbu rFkk ,flyksbu la?kuu( fQ'kj bZMksy la'ys"k.k] Ldjki la'ys"k.k]fo"yj&usfi,jkLdh] l¡Mes;j] jsesj&Vkbeu rFkk jsQkWjekLdh vfHkfØ;k,aA5- cgqyd iz.kkyh% ¼d½ cgqydksa dk HkkSfrd jlk;u% cgqyd foy;u vkSj muds Å"ekxfrd xq.k/keZ]cgqydksa dh la[;k vkSj Hkkj vkSlr v.kqHkkjA volknu ¼lSfMesaVs'ku½] ykbV LdsVfjax] vkWleksfVd izs'kj]';kurk ¼ ½] vaR; lewg fo'ys"k.k i)fr }kjk v.kqHkkj dk fu/kkZj.kAFMO

¼[k½ cgqydksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj xq.k/keZ% dkcZfud cgqyd&iksfy,fFkyhu] ikWyhLVkbjhu] iksyhfoukbyDyksjkbM] VsQykWu] ukbykWu] Vsjhyhu] laf'y"V rFkk izkd`frd jcM+A vdkcZfudcgqyd&QksLQksfufVªfyd gsykbM~l] cksjktkbu] flfydksu vkSj flfydsVA¼x½ tSo cgqyd% izksVhu] Mh,u,] vkj,u, esa ewyHkwr cU/kA6- vfHkdkjdksa ds lka'ysf"kd mi;ksx% OsO4, HIO4, CrO3, Pb{OAc}4, SeO2, NBS, B2H6, Na& nzoveksfu;k LiALH4, NaBH2, n-Buli, MCPBAA

7- izdk'k jlk;u% lk/kkj.k dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa dh izdk'k jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,a] mÙksftr vkSj fuEurevoLFkk,a] ,dd vkSj f=d voLFkk,a] uksfj'k Vkbi&1 vkSj Vkbi&2 vfHkfØ;k,aA8- LisDVªfedh fl)kUr vkSj lajpuk ds Li"Vhdj.k esa mudk vuqiz;ksx¼d½ ?kw.khZ LisDVªe% f}ijek.kqd v.kq% leLFkkfud izfrLFkkiu rFkk ?kw.khZ fLFkjkadA¼[k½ dkaifud LisDVªe% f}ijek.kqd vkf.od] jSf[kd f=ijek.kqd v.kq] cgq ijek.kqd v.kqvksa esa dk;kZRedlewgksa dh fof'k"V vko`fÙk;k¡A¼x½ bysDVªksfud LisDVªe% ,dd vkSj f=d voLFkk,a% rFkk laØe.k( la;qfXer f}vkcU/k rFkkN->P* P->P*

la;qfXer djcksuhy esa vuqiz;ksx&oqMoMZ&Qh'kj fu;eA¼?k½ ukfHkdh; pqEcdh; vuqukn% vkblksØksul vkSj ,fulksØksuksl izksVkWu% dSfedy f'k¶V vkSj difyaxfLFkjkad] dk lk/kkj.k dkcZfud v.kqvksa esa vuqiz;ksxAHNMR

¼³½ nzO;eku LisDVªk% isjsaV ihd] csl ihd] MkWVj ihd] esVkLVscy ihd] lk/kkj.k dkcZfud v.kqvksa dk[k.Mu] &fDyost] eSdySQVhZ iqufoZU;klA¼p½ bysDVªkWu pØ.k vuqokn% vdkcZfud ladj rFkk eqDr ewydA

jklk;fud bathfu;fjaxiz'u i=&1[k.M&d

¼d½ rjy rFkk d.k xfrdh% jyksa dh ';kurk] Lrjh; vkSj fo{kqC/k izokg] vfofPNUurk lehdj.k rFkkusfo;j&LVksDl lehdj.k&cjukSyh dk izes;] izokg ekih] rjy lad"kZ rFkk nkc g~jkl&jsukYM la[;k

8- jklk;fud cyxfrdh%

9- izdk'k jlk;u%

10- i`"Bh; ifj?kVuk rFkk mRizsjdrk%

11- tSo&vdkcZfud jlk;u%

12-leUo; jlk;u% ¼d½

¼[k½

¼x½

¼?k½

13- ,Q Cykd rRoksa dk lkekU; jlk;u%

14- futZy foyk;d %

jlk;u foKkuiz'u i=&2

1- foLFkkfud lgla;kstd cU/k%

2- ¼d½ vfHkfØ;k fØ;kfof/k%

¼[k½ vfHkfØ;k'khy e/;orhZ%

¼x½

¼?k½ foyksiu vfHkfØ;k,a %

¼³½ ladyu vfHkfØ;k;sa%

¼p½ iqufoZU;kl%

3-ijjEHkh; vfHkfØ;k,a ¼ ½%Pericyclic reactions

4- jlk;u foKku rFkk vfHkfØ;kvksa dh fØ;kfof/k%

5- cgqyd iz.kkyh% ¼d½ cgqydksa dk HkkSfrd jlk;u%

¼[k½ cgqydksa dk fuekZ.k vkSj xq.k/keZ%

¼x½ tSo cgqyd%6- vfHkdkjdksa ds lka'ysf"kd mi;ksx%

7- izdk'k jlk;u%

8-¼d½ ?kw.khZ LisDVªe%¼[k½ dkaifud LisDVªe%

¼x½ bysDVªksfud LisDVªe%

¼?k½ ukfHkdh; pqEcdh; vuqukn%

¼³½ nzO;eku LisDVªk%

¼p½ bysDVªkWu pØ.k vuqokn%


¼d½ rjy rFkk d.k xfrdh%

rFkk ?k"kZ.k xq.kd&ikbi ¼uy½ dh #{krk dk izHkko& ykHkizn uy O;kl] iEi] ty] ok;q@Hkki tsVfu"dkld ¼batsDVj½] laihMd ¼dEizslj½] vk/ekrk ¼Cyksvj½ rFkk ia[ks] nzo inkFkks± dk foyksMu vkSjfeJ.k&Bksl inkFkks± rFkk ysiksa dk feJ.k&lanuy rFkk ihluk&fl)kUr rFkk miLdj] fjfVUtj rFkkckaM ds fu;e&fuL;anu rFkk fuL;anu miLdj] rjy d.k ;kaf=dh&eqDr rFkk vo#) fu"knu ¼lSVfyax½&rjyhdj.k rFkk U;wure rjyhdj.k osx&lEihM~; rFkk vlEihM~; izokg dh ladYiuk&Bksl inkFkks± dkifjoguA¼[k½nzO;eku vUrj.k% vk.kfod folj.k xq.kkad&folj.k dk izFke rFkk f}rh; fu;e&nzO;eku varj.kxq.kkad&nzO;eku varj.k ds fQYe rFkk vUrosZ'ku vklou] ljy vklou] vkisf{kd ok"i'khyrk] vkaf'kdvklou] vklou ds IysV rFkk ladqfyr LrEHk] IysVksa dh U;wure la[;k dk vkadyu] nzo&nzolkE;koLFkk]fu"d"kZ.k&fl)kUr rFkk O;ogkj] xSl&vo'kks"k.k LrEHk dk vfHkdYiu 'kq"du] vknzhZdj.k] vuknZzdj.k]fØLVyhdj.k] miLdj dk vfHkdYiuA¼x½ Å"ek varj.k% pkyu] rkih; Å"ek pkydrk] foLr`r lrg Å"ek varj.k] eqDr rFkk iz.kksfnrlaogu@Å"ekUrj.k xq.kkad& ulSYV la[;k&,y,eVhMh rFkk izHkko'khyrk] f}ikbi vkSj [kksy rFkk V~;wcÅ"ek fofuef;= ds vfHkdYiu ds fy, ,uVh;w i)fr;ksa] Å"ek rFkk laosx varj.k ds chp lkn`";rk] DoaFku¼ckW;fyax½ rFkk la?kuu rkih; Å"ek vUrj.k] ,dy rFkk cgqy izHkkoh ok"id]fofdj.k&LVhQu&cksYVteSu fu;e] mRltZdrk rFkk vo'kks"kdrk&Hkêh ds rkih; vk/kkj ijvkdyu&lkSj rkidA

[k.M&[k¼?k½ uohu i`FkDdj.k izfØ;k,a% lkE; i`FkDdj.k izfØ;k,a&vk;u&fofu;e] ijklj.k] bysDVªks Mk;fyfll]mRØe ¼foijhr½ ijklj.k] ijk fuL;Unu rFkk vU; f>Yyh ¼eSEcjsu½ izfØ;k,a] vk.kfod vklou] vfrØkafrd ¼lqij fØfVdy½ rjy fu"d"kZ.kA¼³½ izfØ;k miLdj vfHkdYiu% ckfgdk ¼oSly½ vfHkdYiu ¼fMtkbu djus½ ds fud"k dks izHkkfor djusokys dkjd] ykxr lEcU/kh fopkj] lap;u okfgdkvksa dk vfHkdYiu&m/okZ/kj] {kSfrt rFkk xksy Hkwfexrokfgdk ¼oSly½] ok;qe.Myh; rFkk mPp nkc ds fy, laojdksa dk vfHkdYiu] piVh rFkk nh?kZo`Ùkh; 'kh"kZokyh lao`fÙk;ka] vk/kkjksa ¼liksVZl½ dk vfHkdYiu ¼fMtkbu½] fuekZ.k lkexzh&vfHky{k.k rFkk p;uA¼p½ izfØ;k xfrdh rFkk fu;a=.k% izfØ;k ifjoR;ks± ds fy, ekiu;a=& tSls ry] nkc] izokg] rkieku] ih,p¼ ½ rFkk lkanzrk dks n`';@ ok;qpkfyr@ lkn`';@vadh; lwpd :iksa esa n'kkZrs gq,] fu;af=r ifjoR;Z]PH

;qfDr iz;qDr ifjoR;Z rFkk Hkkjkf/kD; ikfjoR;Z] jSf[kd fu;a=.k fl)kUr] ykIykl&:ikUrj ¼VªklQkeZl½]ihvkbZMh fu;a=d] [k.M vkjs[k ¼CykWd Mk;xzke½ fu:i.k] vYiLFkk;h rFkk vko`fÙk vuqfØ;k] cUn ywii)fr dk LFkkf;Ro] mUur fu;a=.k uhfr;ka] dEI;wVj vk/kkfjr izfØ;k fu;a=.kA


¼d½ lkexzh rFkk ÅtkZ lek;kstu% iqu'pØ.k@mi ekxZ@jatu ¼itZ½ okyh izfØ;kvksa esa lkexzh rFkk ÅtkZlarqyu dk vkdyu] Bksl@nzo@ xSl b±/kuksa dk ngu] jlleksdj.kfefr ¼LVkbZfd;ksehVªh½ lehdj.k vkSjvf/kd ok;q vko';drk,a&#)ks"i Tokyk rkiekuA¼[k½ jklk;fud bathfu;fjax Å"ek xfrdh% Å"ek xfrdh ds fu;e&'kq) vo;oksa rFkk feJ.k ds fy,nkc&vk;ru&rkieku ¼ihohVh½ lehdj.k] ÅtkZ Qyu rFkk ijLij lEcU/k] eSDloSy&lehdj.k]iyk;urk] lfØ;rk rFkk jklk;fud foHko] vkn'kZ@vukn'kZ] 'kq)&vo;o rFkk cgq&vo;o feJ.k dsfy, ok"i&nzo lkE;koLFkk] jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k lkE;koLFkk ds ekun.M] lkE; fLFkjkad rFkk lkE;koLFkk:ikUrj.k] Å"ek xfrdh pØ&iz'khru rFkk 'kfDrA¼x½ jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k bathfu;fjax% /kku ¼cSp½ fj,DVj] lekaxh vfHkfØ;kvksa dh xfrdh rFkk xfrdhvkadM+ksa dh O;k[;k] vkn'kZ izokg fj,DVj& lrr foyksfMr fj,DVj ¼lh,lVhvkj½] Iyx izokg fj,DVjrFkk muds fu"iknu lehdj.k&rki izHkko rFkk vfu;af=r vfHkfØ;k,a] fo"kekaxh vfHkfØ;k,a] mRizsfjr rFkkvuqRizsfjr vfHkfØ;k,a rFkk Bksl&xSl] nzo&xSl vfHkfØ;k,a] uSt xfrdh rFkk lkoZHkkSfed vfHkfØ;k njladYiuk] fu"iknu ds fy, ,d izkoLFkk ls nwljh izkoLFkk esa rFkk d.k ds Hkhrj nzO;eku varj.k dk egRo]izHkkfork ?kVd] lerkih; rFkk xSj&lerkih; fj,DVj rFkk fj,DVj fLFkjrkA

[k.M&[k¼?k½ jklk;fud izkS|ksfxdh% izkd`frd dkcZfud mRikn&dk"B rFkk dk"B vk/kkfjr jlk;u&yqxnh rFkkdkxt@d`f"k m|ksx&'kdZjk] [kk| rsy fu"d"kZ.k ¼o`{k vk/kkfjr chtksa lfgr½] lkcqu rFkk fMVtsZUVA lqxU/krsy] ck;ksekl xSlhdj.k&¼ck;ksxSl lfgr½] dks;yk rFkk dks;yk jlk;u&isVªksfy;e rFkk izkd`frdxSl&isVªksfy;e ifj'kks/ku ¼ok;qe.Myh; vklou@Hkatu@'kks/ku½] isVªksjlk;u m|ksx&iksfyfFkyhu ¼,yMh ih bZ@,p Mh ih bZ@,y ,y Mh ih bZ½ iksfyfoukby DyksjkbM] iksfyLVkbjhu] veksfu;k dk vkS|ksfxdfuekZ.k] lhesaV] rFkk pwuk m|ksx&jksxu rFkk okfuZ'k&dkap rFkk e`frdk f'kYi] fd.ou&vYdksgy rFkkizfrtSfod ¼,aVhck;fVDl½A¼³½ i;kZoj.kh; bathfu;fjax rFkk lqj{kk% ikfjfLFkfrdh rFkk i;kZoj.k] ok;q rFkk ty esa iznw"k.k ds lzksr] rkiizHkko ¼xzhu gkml bQsDV½] vkstksu ijr dk g~jkl] vEy ckSNkj] lw{e ekSle foKku rFkk i;kZoj.k esaiznw"kd rRoksa dk izlj.k ¼iznw"k.k dk QSyko½] iznw"k.k Lrj dks ekius dh fof/k;ka rFkk mu ij fu;a=.k dhuhfr;ka] Bksl vif'k"V] muds tksf[ke vkSj muds fuiVku ds rjhds] iznw"k.k fu;a=.k miLdjksa dkvfHkdYiu ¼fMtkbu½ rFkk fu"iknu fo'ys"k.k] vfXu rFkk foLQksV tksf[ke fu/kkZj.k] ,p , tSM vks ih rFkk,p , tSM , ,u] vkikrdkyhu ;kstuk] vkink izcU/k] i;kZoj.kh; fo|ku] ty] ok;q rFkk i;kZoj.k laj{k.kvf/kfu;e] ou ¼laj{k.k½ vf/kfu;eA¼p½ izfØ;k bathfu;fjax vFkZ'kkL=% izØe m|ksx ds fy, fu;r ¼fQDlM½ rFkk dk;Z'khy iwath vko';drk,arFkk vuqeku i)fr;k¡A ykxr vuqeku vkSj fodYiksa dh rqyuk] fMLdkmaVsM dS'k ¶yks }kjk fuoy orZekuewY;] okil Hkqxrku fo'ys"k.k] vkbZ vkj vkj ewY; gzkl] dj rFkk chek] lhekUr fcUnq fo'ys"k.k] ifj;kstukvuqlwpu] ih bZ vkj Vh rFkk lh ih ,e] ykHk rFkk gkfu ys[kk] rqyu i= rFkk foÙk fooj.k] ikbi yxkuslfgr la;a= LFky rFkk la;a= vfHkU;klA

flfoy bathfu;fjaxiz'u i=&1Hkkx&d

;kaf=d bathfu;fjax] inkFkZ&lkeF;Z rFkk lajpukRed fo'ys"k.k;kaf=dh bathfu;fjax%ek=d rFkk foek,a] ,l vkbZ ek=d] lfn'k] cy dh ladYiuk] d.k rFkk n`<+ fi.MladYiuk] laxkeh] vlaxkeh rFkk lery ij lekUrj cy] cy vk?kw.kZ rFkk oSfjxuksu izes;] eqDr fi.Mvkjs[k] laizfrcU/k lkE;koLFkk] dfYir dk;Z dk fl)kUr] lerqY; cy iz.kkyhA

izFke rFkk f}rh; {ks= vk?kw.kZ] nzO;eku tM+Ro vk?kw.kZ] LiSfrd ?k"kZ.k] vkur ry rFkk cs;fjaxA'kq)xfrdh rFkk xfrd% dkrhZ; 'kq)xfrdh rFkk /kzqoh; funs'kkad] leku rFkk vleku Roj.k ds v/khu xfr]xq#Rok/khu xfr] xfrd d.k% laosx rFkk ÅtkZ fl)kUr] Mh ,YecVZl fl)kUr] izR;kLFk fi.Mksa dk la?kVu]n`<+ fi.Mksa dk ?kw.kZu] ljy vkorZ xfr] xfr ikyd pØAinkFkZ&lkeF;Z% ljy izfrcy rFkk fod`fr] izR;kLFk fLFkjkad] v{khr% Hkkfjr laihMkax] vi:i.k cy rFkkcadu vk?kw.kZ] ljy cadu dk fl)kUr] vauqizLFk dkV dk vi:i.k] izfrcy forj.k] lelkeF;Z /kj.k]iÙkhnkj dekuh] izR;{k izfrcy esa fod`fr ÅtkZ] cadu rFkk vi:i.kA/kju fo{ksi% eSdkys fof/k% eksj dh vk?kw.kZ {ks= fof/k] vuq:i /kj.k fof/k] ,dkad Hkkj fof/k] 'kk¶V dh ,saBu]lapj.k {kerk] l?ku dq.Mfyr dekuh] LrEHkksa dk izR;kLFk LFkkf;RoA vkW;yj] jsudkbZu rFkk lhdsaV lw=]nks foekvksa esa izeq[k izfrcy rFkk fod`fr] eksj dk o`Ùk] izR;kLFk Hkax ds fl)kUr] LFkwy rFkk ruq flfyaMj%

¼[k½nzO;eku vUrj.k%

¼x½ Å"ek varj.k%

[k.M&[k¼?k½ uohu i`FkDdj.k izfØ;k,a%

¼³½ izfØ;k miLdj vfHkdYiu%

¼p½ izfØ;k xfrdh rFkk fu;a=.k%


¼d½ lkexzh rFkk ÅtkZ lek;kstu%

¼[k½ jklk;fud bathfu;fjax Å"ek xfrdh%

¼x½ jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k bathfu;fjax%

[k.M&[k¼?k½ jklk;fud izkS|ksfxdh%

¼³½ i;kZoj.kh; bathfu;fjax rFkk lqj{kk%

¼p½ izfØ;k bathfu;fjax vFkZ'kkL=%


;kaf=d bathfu;fjax] inkFkZ&lkeF;Z rFkk lajpukRed fo'ys"k.k;kaf=dh bathfu;fjax%

inkFkZ&lkeF;Z%

Cont...

vkarfjd rFkk ckg~; nkc ds dkj.k izfrcy&ykesa lehdj.kAlajpukRed fo'ys"k.k% dkfLVfy;kuksl izes; rFkk ,dkad Hkkj fof/k] /kj.k vkSj dhy laf/k;qDr dSaphI II¼Vªl½ esa iz;qDr laxr fod`fr dh fof/kA <ky fo{ksi] vk?kw.kZ forj.k] vifjfer /kj.k rFkk n`<+ <kapksa esa iz;qDrdfu dh fo'ys"k.k fof/k rFkk LrEHk lkn`'; fof/kAossyu Hkkj vkSj izHkko js[kk,a% /kj.k ds [k.M ij vi:i.k cy rFkk cadu vk?kw.kZ ds fy, izHkko js[kk,a]xfr'khy Hkkj iz.kkyh }kjk /kj.k pØe.k esa vf/kdre vi:i.k cy rFkk cadu vk?kw.kZ gsrq ekun.M] ljyvkyfEcr lery dhy laf/k;qDr dSaph ¼VªWl½ gsrq izHkko js[kk,aAMkV% f=dhy] f}dhy rFkk vkc) MkV] i'kqZdk y?kh;u rFkk rkieku izHkko MkV esa izHkko js[kk,aA fo'ys"k.kdh eSfVªDl fof/k% vifjfer /kj.k rFkk n`<+ <kapksa dk cy fof/k rFkk foLFkkiu fof/k ls fo'ys"k.k] /kj.k vkSj<kapksa dk IykfVd fo'ys"k.k% IykfVd cadu fl)kUr] IykfLVd fo'ys"k.k] LFkSfrd iz.kkyh] ;kaf=dh fof/kAvlefer cadu% tMRo vk?kw.kZ] tM+Ro mRikn] mnklhu v{k vkSj eq[; v{k dh fLFkfr cadu izfrcydh ifjx.kukA

Hkkx&[klajpuk vfHkdYi% bLikr] daØhV rFkk fpukbZ lajpuk

lajpukRed bLikr vfHkdYi% lajpukRed bLikr% lqj{kk xq.kd vkSj Hkkj xq.kd] dofpr] dkoyk rFkkosfYMr tksM+ rFkk la;kstu] ruko rFkk laihMkax bdkb;ksa dk vfHkdYi] la?kfVr ifjPNsn dk /kj.k] dofprrFkk osfYMr IysV xMZj] xSanzh xMZj] cÙkk vkSj cU/kd] LySc ,oa xlsfVM ¼LrEHk vk/kkj½ dkye csl lfgrLVafp;UlAjktekxZ rFkk jsyos iqyksa dk vfHkdYi% Fkzw ,aM Msd Vkbi IysV xMsZj] okjsu xMZj] izkaV dSaphAdaØhV rFkk fpukbZ lajpuk dk vfHkdYi% feJ vfHkdYi dh ladYiuk] izcfyd daØhV% dk;Zdkjh izfrcyrFkk lhek voLFkk fof/k ls vfHkdYi& vkbZ,l iqfLrdkvksa dh flQkfj'ksa@ou os ,oa Vw os LySc dk fMtkbu]lksiku&LySc] ljy rFkk vk;rkdkj lrr /kju] Vh] ,oa ,y dkV ds ljy ,oa lrr /kj.k] mRdsUnzrklfgr vFkok jfgr izR;{k Hkkj ds vUrxZr laihMkax bdkb;ka] foyfxr ,oa la;qDr uhc] dsUVhfyoj ,oai'kqZdk ;qDr ifrZ/kkjd fHkÙkhAty Vadh% i`Foh ij j[ks vk;rkdkj ,oa xksykdkj Vafd;ksa ds vfHkdYiu ds fy, 'krs±AiwoZ izfrcfyr daØhV% iwoZizfrcfyr ds fy, fof/k;ka vkSj iz.kkfy;ka vkufr vk/kkfjr ifjPNsn ij fo'ys"k.kvkSj vfHkdYi ds }kjk dk;Zdkjh izfrcy] iwoZ izfrcfyr gkfuA

vkbZ ,l ¼iqfLrdkvksa½ dksM ds vuqlkj b±V dh fpukbZ dk vfHkdYiuAfpukbZ izfr/kkjd fHkfÙk vfHkdYiuA

Hkkx&xrjy ;kaf=dh] eqDr okfgdk izokg ,oa nzopkfyr e'khusa rjy ;kaf=dh% rjy xq.k/keZ rFkk rjy xfr esamudh Hkwfedk] rjy LFkSfrdh ftlesa lery rFkk oØ lrg ij dk;Z djus okys cy Hkh 'kkfey gSaA rjyizokg dh 'kq)xfrdh ,oa xfrd% osx vkSj Roj.k] lfjrk js[kk,a] lkarR; lehdj.k] vk?kw.khZ rFkk ?kw.khZ izokg]osx foHko ,oa lfjrk vfHky{kd] izokg tky] vkjs[k.k izokg tky fof/k] lzksr vkSj fuXeu] izokg i`FkDdj.k]eqDr rFkk izfrcfyr HkaojA

vk;ru fu;a=.k lehdj.k] lkarR;] laosx] vk;ru fu;a=.k lehdj.k ls ÅtkZ rFkk laosxvk?kw.kZA

usfo;j LVksDl lehdj.k] vkW;yj vk?kw.kZ lehdj.k] rjy izokg leL;kvksa dk vuqiz;ksx] ikbiizokg] lery] cØ] vpy ,oa py osu] Lywbl xsV] fo;j] vkL;ekih rFkk osaVqjh ekihA

foeh; fo'ys"k.k ,oa le:irk% cfdZxge ih&izes; foekjfgr izkpy] leL;k fl)kUr] fun'kZfu;e] vfod`r ,oa fod`r izfr:iALrjh; izokg% lekUrj] vpy ,oa py IysVksa ds chp Lrjh; izokg] Vw;wc }kjk izokgAifjlhek ijr% piVh IysV ij Lrjh; ,oa fo{kqC/k ifjlhek ijr] Lrjh; mi&ijr] el`.k ,oa #{k ifjlhek,a]fod"kZ ,oa fy¶VAikbiksa }kjk fo{kqC/k izokg% fo{kqC/k izokg ds vfHky{k.k] osx forj.k ,oa ikbi ?k"kZ.k xq.kd dh fofo/krk]tynkc izo.krk js[kk rFkk iw.kZ ÅtkZ js[kk] lkbQu] ikbi izlkj.k vkSj ladqpu] ikbi tkydk;Z] ikbiksa vkSjmYyksy dq.Mksa esa tyk?kkrAeqDr okfgdk izokg% leku ,oa vleku izokg] vk?kw.kZ ,oa ÅtkZ la'kqf) xq.kd] fof'k"V ÅtkZ rFkk fof'k"Vcy] ØkfUrd xgjkbZ] izfrjks/k lehdj.k rFkk #{krk xq.kkad dh fofo/krk] rhoz ifjorhZ izokg] ladqpu esaizokg] vifPNUu voikr izokg] tyksPNky vkSj blds vuqiz;ksx] izksRd"kZ ,oa rjax] Øe'k% ifjorhZ izokg]i`"B ifjPNfndk oxhZdj.k] fu;a=.k dkV] ifjorhZ izokg lehdj.k ds lekdyu dh lksiku fof/k] pyizksRd"kZ ,oa nzopkfyr cksjAnzopkfyr ;a= rFkk ty 'kfDr% vidsUnzh iEi& izdkj] vfHky{k.k] usV ikftfVo lD'ku gkbV ¼,u ih ,l,p½] fof'k"V xfr] lekUrj iEiAizR;xkeh iEi] ok;q HkkaM] nzopkfyr jSx] n{krk izkpy] ?kw.khZ ,oa /kukRed foLFkkiu iEi] Mk;kÝke rFkk tsViEiAnzopkfyr Vjckbu] izk:i oxhZdj.k] Vjckbu p;u] fu"iknu izkpy] fu;a=.k] vfHky{k.k] fof'k"V xfrAty 'kfDr fodkl ds fl)kUr] izdkj] vfHkU;kl rFkk ?kVd dk;Z] izksRd"kZ VSad] izdkj vkSj p;u] izokgvof/k oØ rFkk vkfJr izokg( Hk.Mkj.k rFkk ty lap;u] iEiu Hk.Mkj.k la;a=] y?kq] lw{e&ty oS|qrla;a= ds fo'ks"k y{k.kA

Hkkx&?kHkw&rduhdh bathfu;fjax

e`nk ds izdkj] dyk lEcU/k] xk<+rk lhek,a] d.k vkdkj forj.k] e`nk oxhZdj.k] lajpuk rFkke`fÙkdk [kfut foKkuA dksf'kdh; ty rFkk lajpukRed ty] izHkkoh izfrcy rFkk ja/kz ty nkc]Mkjlh fu;e] ikjxE;rk dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] ikjxE;rk dk fu/kkZj.k] Lrfjr e`nk fu{ksiksadh ikjxE;rkAfjlu nkc] ckyw iad voLFkk] laihM;rk rFkk laguu] Vsjtk?kh dk ,d foeh; fl)kUr] laguu ijh{k.kA

e`nk laguu] laguu {ks= fu;a=.k] dqy izfrcy rFkk izHkkoh izfrcy ikjxE;rk] ja/kz nkcxq.kkadA e`nk dk lkeF;Z vi:i.k] eksj dwykac Hkaxrk fl)kUr] vi:i.k ijh{k.k] Hkw nkc fcjke]lfØ; rFkk fuf"Ø; nkc] jsudkbu fl)kUr] dwykac dk QUuh fl)kUr] izfr/kkjd fHkfÙk ij Hkw nkc]pkjnh LFkw.kk fHkfÙk] ca/ku;qDr [kuuA fnDeku /kkfjrk] Vsjtk?kh rFkk vU; egRoiw.kZ fl)kUr] 'kq)rFkk dqy fnDeku nkcA vklUu rFkk la?kuu izcU/kA <ky] LFkkf;Ro] dqy izfrcy rFkk izHkkoh izfrcyfof/k] Lykblksa dh :<+ fof/k] LFkkf;Ro vadA va/k Lry vUos"k.k] izca/ku fof/k] izfrp;u] vUrosZ'kuijh{k.k] nkc ekih ijh{k.kA

uhao ds egRoiw.kZ y{k.k] uhao ds izdkj] vfHkdYiu ekin.M] uhao ds izdkj dk p;u] e`nk esaizfrcy forj.k] ckfluLd fl)kUr] U;wekdZ pkVZ] nkc cYd] laLi'kZ nkc] fofHkUu fnDeku /kkfjrkfl)kUrksa dh vuqiz;ksT;rk] {ks= ijh{k.k ls fnDeku /kkfjrk dk ewY;kadu vuqKs; fnDeku /kkfjrk] fu"knufo'ys"k.k] vuqKs; fu"knuAikn vuqikyu] foyfxr rFkk la;qDr ikn] jS¶Vl] mRIykoDrk jSIVl] LFkw.kk uhao] LFkw.kk ds izdkj]LFkw.kk /kkfjrk] LFkSfrd rFkk xfrd fo'ys"k.k] LFkw.kk lewgksa ds vfHkdYi] LFkw.kk Hkkjr ifj{k.k] LFkw.kkfu"knu] ikf'od /kkfjrk] iqyksa gsrq uhao] Hkwfe lq/kkj rduhd&iwoZ Hkkj.k] ckyw ukyh] iRFkj&LrEHk] vfHkiwj.k]e`nk LFkk;hdj.kA


fuekZ.k rduhd] midj.k] ;kstuk vkSj izcU/k1- fuekZ.k rduhd% bathfu;fjax lkexzh% fuekZ.k lkexzh ds HkkSfrd xq.k/keZ% iRFkj] b±V rFkk Vkby]pwuk] lhesaV rFkk lqj[kh elkyk] pwuk daØhV rFkk lhesaV daØhV] rktk fefJr rFkk dBksfjr daØhV

lajpukRed fo'ys"k.k%

ossyu Hkkj vkSj izHkko js[kk,a%

MkV%

vlefer cadu%Hkkx&[k

lajpuk vfHkdYi% bLikr] daØhV rFkk fpukbZ lajpuklajpukRed bLikr vfHkdYi%

jktekxZ rFkk jsyos iqyksa dk vfHkdYi%daØhV rFkk fpukbZ lajpuk dk vfHkdYi%

ty Vadh%iwoZ izfrcfyr daØhV%

Hkkx&xrjy ;kaf=dh] eqDr okfgdk izokg ,oa nzopkfyr e'khusa rjy ;kaf=dh%

Lrjh; izokg%ifjlhek ijr%

ikbiksa }kjk fo{kqC/k izokg%

eqDr okfgdk izokg%

nzopkfyr ;a= rFkk ty 'kfDr%

Hkkx&?kHkw&rduhdh bathfu;fjax


fuekZ.k rduhd] midj.k] ;kstuk vkSj izcU/k1- fuekZ.k rduhd%

ds xq.k/keZ] Q'kZ dh Vkbysa] izcfyr lhesaV] rarq izcfyr rFkk ikfyej daØhV] mPp lkeF;Z daØhVrFkk gYdh daØhV] izdk"B dk iz;ksx] bekjrh ydM+h% xq.k/keZ ,oa iz;ksx] bekjrh ydM+h esa nks"k]bekjrh ydM+h dk la'kks"k.k ,oa laj{k.k] IykfLVd] jcM+ ,oa vknzrkjks/kh lkexzh] varLFk jks/kh] deykxr ds vkokl gsrq lkexzhAfuekZ.k% Hkou ds ?kVd vkSj muds dk;Z] b±V&fpukbZ] cU/ku] tksM+] iRFkj fpukbZA vkbZ,l dksMksa¼iqfLrdkvksa½ ds vuqlkj nhokj dh b±V&fpukbZ dk fMtkbu] lqj{kk xq.kd] mi;qDrrk rFkk lkeF;Zvko';drk,a] IykLVj] Vhi] Q'kks± ,oa Nrksa ds izdkj] laokru] Hkouksa dh ejEerAHkou dh dk;Zewyd ;kstuk% Hkou vfHkU;kl] ifjlapj.k] {ks=ksa dk lewgu] xqIr ladYiuk rFkk ÅtkZ n{kHkou dk fMtkbu] jk"Vªh; Hkou dksM O;oLFkk] Hkou vkdyu ,oa fofunsZ'ku] dk;Z dh ykxr] ewY;kaduA2- fuekZ.k midj.k% ekud ,oa fo'ks"k izdkj ds midj.k] fujks/kd vuqj{k.k ,oa ejEer] midj.k ds p;udks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd] larqfyr vk;q] le; ,oa xfr v/;;u] iawth ,oa vuqj{k.k ykxrAdaØhV midj.k% rkSy cSpj] feJd] dEiu] cSfpax la;a=] daØhV iEiAfeêh dk;Z ds midj.k% fo|qr] QkoM+k] dqnky] cqyMkstj] MEij] Vªsyj vkSj VªªSDVj] jksyj] es"k ikn osYyuA3- fuekZ.k ;kstuk vkSj izcU/k% fuekZ.k lfØ;rk] dk;ZØe] dk;Z vfHkU;kl] ckj pkVZ lafonk djus okys Qeks±dk laxBu] ifj;kstuk fu;a=.k ,oa i;Zos{k.kA ykxr de djus ds mik;Auo dk;Z fo'ys"k.k% lhih,e ,oa ihbZvkjVh fo'ys"k.k] Iyoh le;] lfØ;rk /oal ykxr] b"Vrehdj.kvk/kqfudhdj.k gsrq usVodZ ladqpu] ykxr fo'ys"k.k vkSj lk/ku fu;ru] bathfu;jh vFkZ'kkL= dsrRo] ewY; fu/kkZj.k dh fof/k;ka] orZeku ewY;] okf"kZd ykxr] ykHk ykxr] okf/kZd fo'ys"k.k] vuqeki,oa vkdkj dh vFkZ O;oLFkk] fuos'k Lrj lfgr fodYiksa dks pquuk] ifj;kstuk ykHknkf;drkA

Hkkx&[klosZ{k.k ,oa ifjogu bathfu;fjax

losZ{k.k% nwjh ,oa dks.k ekius dh lkekU; fof/k] Iysu Vscy losZ] leryu] pØe losZ{k.k] f=dks.ku losZ{k.k]la'kks/ku ,oa lek;kstuk] :ijs[k.k] LFkykd`frd ekufp=] mi;qZDr mís';ksa ds fy, losZ{k.k midj.k]Vdhfefr] o`Ùkkdkj ,oa laØe.k pØ QksVksxzkfefr ds fl)kUrAjsyos% jsyiFk] Lyhij] jsy vkcU/ku] fxêh]dkaVs rFkk Økflax] mRØke vfHkdYi] LVs'ku rFkk ;kMZ] ¼VuZVscy½ HkwfeiVy] flXuy rFkk vUr%ik'ku]lery ikjdA jsyiFk dk fuekZ.k ,oa vuqj{k.k] ckg~;ksRFkku] jsy dk foliZ.k] fu;a=d izo.krk] VªSdizfrjks/k] lad"kZ.k iz;kl] VªSd fjysdj.k ¼izfolkj.k½jktekxZ bathfu;fjax% jktekxZ ;kstuk ds fl)kUr] jktekxZ ljs[ku] T;kfefrd vfHkdYi] vuqizLFk dkV]mHkkj ¼dSEcj½] ckg~;ksRFkku] {kSfrt ,oa m/okZdkj oØ] ekxks± dk oxhZdj.k] de ykxr ekxZ] uE; dqfVVe]n`<+ dqfVVe] dqfVVe ¼isoesaV½ fMtkbu ,oa mudk fuekZ.k] dqfVVe eaxyk vkSj etcwrh dk ewY;kaduAlM+d viokg% ;krk;kr bathfu;jh%cfgLry ,oa v?kLry viokgA iwokZuqeku rduhd] mnxe ,oa xUrO;losZ{k.k jktekxZ {kerk] lj.khd`r ,oa vlj.khd`r ifjPNsn] ?kw.khZ vfHkdYiu vo;o] vadu] fpg~u flXuy]ekxZ izdk'k O;oLFkk% ;krk;kr losZ{k.k] jktekxZ foÙk O;oLFkk ds fl)kUrA

Hkkx&xty foKku] ty lalk/ku ,oa bathfu;fjax

ty foKku] ty pØ] vo{k.k] ok"ihdj.k] ok"iksRltZu] voueu lap;u] vUr%LiUnu] vf/kHkkjizokg] tykjs[k] ck<+ vko`fÙk fo'ys"k.k] ck<+ vkodyu] tyk'k; }kjk ck<+ vuqlhyu] okfgdk izokgekxkZfHkxeu& efLdaXe fof/kAHkw ty izokg % fof'k"V yfC/k] lap;u xq.kkad] ikjxE;rk xq.kkad] ifj#) rFkk vifj#) tyokgh Lrj] lzkohtyjks/kh Lrj] ifj#) rFkk vifj#) fLFkfr;ksa ds vUrxZr ,d dwi ds Hkhrj vjh; izokg] uydwi] iEiurFkk iquKkfIr] ijh{k.k] Hkwty foHkoAty lalk/ku bathfu;fjax% Hkw rFkk /kjkry ty lalk/ku] ,dy rFkk cgqmís'kh; ifj;kstuk,a] tyk'k; dhlap;u {kerk] tyk'k; gkfu;k¡] tyk'k; volk/ku] ty lalk/ku ifj;kstuk dk vFkZ'kkL=AflapkbZ bathfu;fjax% Qlyksa ds fy, ty dh vko';drk% ty dk {k;h mi;ksx] flapkbZ ds fy, ty dhxq.koÙkk] d`fÙk rFkk MSYVk] flapkbZ ds rjhds rFkk mudh n{krk,aAugjsa% ugj flapkbZ ds fy, vkoaVu i)fr] ugj {kerk ugj dh gkfu;ka] eq[; rFkk forfjdk ugjksa dkljs[ku&vR;f/kd n{k dkV] vLrfjr ugjsa] muds fMtkbu] fjthe fl)kUr] ØkfUrd vi:i.k izfrcy]ryHkkj] LFkkuh; rFkk fuyfEcr Hkkj ifjogu] vLrfjr rFkk vukLrfjr ugjksa dh ykxr dk fo'ys"k.k]vLrj ds ihNs ty fudkl] ty xzLrrk% dkj.k rFkk fu;a=.k] ty fudkl i)fr dk fMtkbu] yo.krkAugj lajpuk% Økl fu;a=d dk fMtkbu] eq[; fu;ked] ugj izikr] tyokgh lsrq] voufydk dk ugjfudkl esa ekiuAf}ifjorhZ 'kh"kZ dk;Z% ikjxE; rFkk vijkxE; uhaoksa ij ckf/kdk ds fl)kUr vkSj fMtkbu] [kkslyk&fl)kUr]ÅtkZ {k;] leu nzks.kh] volkn viotZuAlap;u dk;Z% cka/kksa dh fdLesa] fMtkbu] n`<+ xq#Ro rFkk Hkw&cka/kksa ds fl)kUr] LFkkf;Ro fo'ys"k.k] uhaoksa dk¼VªhVesaV½ mipkj] tksM+ rFkk nh?kkZ,a] fuLianu dk fu;a=.kAmRiyo ekxZ% mRiyo ekxZ dh fdLesa] ¼f'k[kj }kj½ ØsLV xsV] ÅtkZ {k;Aunh izf'k{k.k% unh izf'k{k.k ds mís';] unh izf'k{k.k dh fof/k;kaA

Hkkx&?ki;kZoj.k bathfu;fjax

ty iwfrZ% Hkw&i`"B rFkk mi Hkw&i`"B ty lzksrksa dk vkdyu] ty ekax dh izkxqfDr] ty dh v'kq)rk rFkkmldk egRo] HkkSfrd] jklk;fud rFkk thok.kq foKku lEcU/kh fo'ys"k.k] ty ls gksus okyh chekfj;ka]is;ty ds fy, ekudAty dk varZxzg.k% iaiu rFkk xq#Ro ;kstuk,aA ty mipkj% Ldanu ds fl)kUr] Å.kZu rFkk lknu]ean&nzqr] nkc fQYVj] Dyksjhuhdj.k] e`n`dj.k] Lokn] xa/k rFkk yo.krk dks nwj djukAty laxzg.k rFkk forj.k% laxzg.k ,oa larqyu tyk'k;&izdkj] LFkku vkSj {kerkAforj.k iz.kkfy;ka% vfHkU;kl ikbi ykbZuksa dh nzo bathfu;jh] ikbi fQfVax] jks/kd rFkk nkc de djus okysokYoksa lfgr vU; okYo] ehVj] forj.k iz.kkfy;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k] {kj.k vfHkKku] forj.k iz.kkfy;ksa dkvuqj{k.k] iaiu dsUnz rFkk mudk ifjpkyuAokfgrey O;oLFkk% ?kjsyw rFkk vkS|ksfxd vif'k"V] >a>kor okfgrey&i`Fkd vkSj la;qDr iz.kkfy;ka]lhojksa }kjk cgko] lhojksa dk fMtkbu] lhoj miLdj] eSugksy] varxZe taD'ku] lkbQu] lkoZtfudHkouksa esa IyfEcaxAlhost y{k.k% ch vks Mh] lh vks Mh] Bksl inkFkZ] foyhu vkWDlhtu] ukbVªkstu vkSj Vh vks lh] lkekU; tyekxZ rFkk Hkwfe ij fu"dklu ds ekudAlhost mipkj% dk;Zdkjh fu;e] bdkb;ka] dks"B volknu VSad] Pok'kh fQYVj] vkDlhdj.k iks[kj] mRizsfjrvoiad izfØ;k] lSfIVd VSad] voiad fuLrkj.k] vof'k"V ty dk iqu% pkyuABksl vif'k"V% xkoksa vkSj 'kgjksa esa laxzg.k ,oa fuLrkj.k] nh?kZdkyhu dqizHkkoksa dk izcU/kAi;kZoj.kh; iznw"k.k% voyfEcr fodkl] jsfM;ks,fDVo vif'k"V ,oa fu"dklu] m'eh; 'kfDr la;a=ksa][kkuksa] unh ?kkVh ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, i;kZoj.k lEcU/kh izHkko ewY;kadu] ok;q iznw"k.k] ok;q iznw"k.kfu;a=.k vf/kfu;eA

okfudhiz'u i=&1[k.M&d

1- ou o/kZu&lkekU;% lkekU; ou o/kZu fl)kUr&ouLifr dks izHkkfor djus okys ifjfLFkfrdh rFkk 'kjhjfoKkuh; dkjd] ouksa dk izkd`frd rFkk d`f=e iqul±pj.k] izlkj dh i)fr;ka] xzkf¶Vad rduhd] LFkydkjd] ulZjh rFkk jksi.k rduhd& ulZjh D;kfj;ka] iksyh cSx ,oa vuqj{k.k] ikS/kksa ds fy, ty fu/kkZj.k]Js.khdj.k rFkk ikS/kksa dk n`f<+dj.k] fo'ks"k vk/kkj] izLFkkiuk,a rFkk ns[kHkkyA2- ou o/kZu&iz.kkfy;ka% lEiw.kZ dVku ¼fcy;j QSfyax½] le:i Nk;k dk"B p;u] xqYiou rFkk :ikUrj

fuekZ.k%

Hkou dh dk;Zewyd ;kstuk%

2- fuekZ.k midj.k%

daØhV midj.k%

3- fuekZ.k ;kstuk vkSj izcU/k%

uo dk;Z fo'ys"k.k%

Hkkx&[klosZ{k.k ,oa ifjogu bathfu;fjax

losZ{k.k%

jktekxZ bathfu;fjax%

lM+d viokg% ;krk;kr bathfu;jh%

Hkkx&xty foKku] ty lalk/ku ,oa bathfu;fjax

Hkw ty izokg %

ty lalk/ku bathfu;fjax%

flapkbZ bathfu;fjax%

ugjsa%

ugj lajpuk%

f}ifjorhZ 'kh"kZ dk;Z%

lap;u dk;Z%

mRiyo ekxZ%unh izf'k{k.k%

Hkkx&?ki;kZoj.k bathfu;fjax

ty iwfrZ%

ty dk varZxzg.k%

ty laxzg.k rFkk forj.k%forj.k iz.kkfy;ka%

okfgrey O;oLFkk%

lhost y{k.k%

lhost mipkj%

Bksl vif'k"V%i;kZoj.kh; iznw"k.k%


1- ou o/kZu&lkekU;%

2- ou o/kZu&iz.kkfy;ka%

Cont...

i)fr] 'khrks".k] mi&m".k dfVcU/kh] vknzZ&m".k dfVcU/kh] 'kq"d&m".k dfVcU/kh rFkk rVh;&m".kdfVcU/kh ouksa ds o`{kkjksi.k ou o/kZu] iztkfr p;u] ekudksa dh LFkkiuk rFkk O;oLFkk] mitkÅiu dhi)fr;ka] rduhdh vM+pusa] xgu ;a=hd`r] i)fr;ka] gokbZ cht fNM+dko] fcjyu ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ esa ouo/kZu iz.kkfy;ksa dk izcU/kA3- ou o/kZu&dPN ouLifr rFkk 'khr e#LFky% dPN ouLifr okl rFkk y{k.k] dPN ouLifr ikS/kLFkkiuk& fud`"B dPN ouLifr Lo:iksa dh LFkkiuksa rFkk iquZLFkkiuk] dPN ouLifr ds fy,ouo/kZu i)fr] izkd`frd vkinkvksa ds fo#) okl dk laj{k.k] 'khr e#LFky& iztkfr;ksa ds y{k.k]igpku rFkk O;oLFkkA4- o`{kksa dk ouo/kZu% m".kdfVcU/kh; ou o/kZu 'kks/k rFkk O;ogkj esa ijEijkxr rFkk uohrue fodkl] Hkkjresa vkfFkZd :i ls egRoiw.kZ dqN iztkfr;ksa dk ouo/kZu tSls [kSj@dRFkk ¼,sdsfl;k dSVspw½] ccwy¼,sdsfl;k fuyksfVdk½] ,sdsfl;k vkfjadqyhQkfeZl] fljl ¼,fYcft;k yScsd½] ,sfYcft;k izkslsjk]dnac ¼,sUFkkslsQsyl dnZck½] ,uksxkbll ySVhQksfyok] uhe ¼,stkfMjsDVk bf.Mdk½] ckal iztkfr]<kd@¶yk'k ¼O;wfV;k eksuksLiekZ½] dSfl;k fl,fe;k] dStwokjkbuk bD;wlSVhQksfy;k] nsonkj ¼lhMªlnsvksnkj½ pqdjkfl;k VScqykfjl] 'kh'ke ¼MSyoftZ;k fllks½] fMIVSjksdkeZl iztkfr;ka] ,Echfydkvkdflukfyl ;wdsfyIVl iztkfr;ka] xaekjh ¼esykbuk vkcksZfj;k½] gkMZfcfd;k foukVk] yktLZVªhfi;kySufloksykVk] ikbul ¼phM+oa'k½ jkdloxhZ] iksI;wyl iztkfr;ka Ik{kQyh Qy?kkuh ¼VsjksdkiZleklZwfFk;e½] foyk;rh dhdj ¼ikslksfFkl t~;wyh¶yksjk½] pUnu ¼lSUVsye ,yce½ flfedkiZl,ukdkfMZ;e] lky ¼lksfj;k jksckLVk½] lsey ¼lsYiSfy;k ekykcsfjde½] lkxksu ¼VsDVksuk xzSfUMl½VfeZusfy;k VksesUVkslk] beyh ¼VsekfjUMl bf.Mdk½A

[k.M&[k1- d`f"k okfudh] lkekftd okfudh la;qDr ou izcU/k rFkk Vªkbcksyksth% d`f"k okfudh% dk;Z{ks= rFkkvko';drk] tu vkSj ikyrw tkuojksa ds thou rFkk lefUor Hkwfe mi;ksx esa Hkwfedk] fo'ks"k :i lsfuEufyf[kr dh ;kstuk ds lUnHkZ esa%(I½e`nk rFkk ty laj{k.k(¼ ½ii ty iquHkZj.k ¼jhpktZ½(¼ ½iii Qlyksa esa iks"k.k miyC/krk(¼ ½iv uk'kh tho&ijHk{kh ds lEcU/k ds }kjk ifjfLFkfrdh larqyu lfgr izd`fr rFkk ifjfLFkfr ra= laj{k.krFkk¼ ½v tSo&fofo/krk] vkS"k/khu rFkk vU; ouLifr vkSj tho tUrqvksa ds o/kZu ds fy, volj iznku djukAfofHkUu d`f"k&ikfjfLFkfrdh {ks=ksa ds vUrxZr d`f"k okfudh ra=] iztkfr;ksa dk p;u rFkk cgqmn~ns'kh; o`{kksadh Hkwfedk& vkSj ,u Vh ,Q ih ,l izfof/k;ka] vUu] pkjk rFkk bZa/ku lqj{kk] vuqla/kku rFkk foLrkjvko';drk,aAlkekftd@'kgjh okfudh& mn~ns';] dk;Z] {ks= rFkk vko';drk( tu lgHkkfxrkAts-,Q-,e& ¼la;qDr okfudh izcU/k½ fl)kUr] mn~ns';] iz.kkyh foKku] dk;Z{ks=] ykHk rFkk ,u th vks ¼xSjljdkjh laLFkk½ dh HkwfedkAVªkbcksyksth&Hkkjr esa tu tkrh; voLFkk( tu tkfr;ka] iztkfr;ksa dh vo/kkj.kk] lkekftd lewgu ds fl)kUr]tu tkrh; vFkZ O;oLFkk] f'k{kk] lkaLdfrd ijEijk] :f<+] izdfr rFkk okfudh dk;ZØeksa esa lgHkkfxrkA2- ou e`nk] e`nk laj{k.k rFkk ty&foHkktd izcU/k% ouksa dh e`nk] oxhZdj.k] e`nk fojpu dks izHkkfor djusokys dkjd] HkkSfrd] jlk;fud rFkk tSfod xq.k/keZAe`nk laj{k.k% ifjHkk"kk] vijnu ds dkj.k( izdkj&ok;q rFkk ty vijnu] vijfnr e`nk@{ks= dk laj{k.krFkk izcU/k] okrjks/k] j{kd es[kyk] ckyw fVCck] yo.k vkSj {kkjh; e`nkvksa dk m)kj] ty Iykou rFkk vU;O;FkZ Hkwfe] e`nk laj{k.k esa ouksa dh Hkwfedk] e`nk dkcZfud nzO;ksa dk j[kj[kko vkSj fuekZ.k] gjs iRrksa dh [kknMkyus ds fy, drju dh O;oLFkk( ou i.kZdjdV rFkk daiksfLVax] e`nk dks lq/kkjus esa lw{e ?kVdksa dhHkwfedk( ,u ¼ukbVªkstu½ vkSj lh ¼dkcZu½ pØ] ch , ,eAty foHkktu izcU/k% ty foHkktuksa dh vo/kkj.kk,a lexz lalk/ku izcU/ku O;oLFkk esa y?kq ouksa rFkk ouo`{kksa dh Hkwfedk] ou tu foKku] izokg fu;a=.k ds lEcU/k esa ty foHkktdksa dk fodkl] unh tyekxZfLFkjhdj.k] fgeL[kyu rFkk Hkw&L[kyu fu;a=.k] fud`"V {ks= dk iquokZl] mifxfj rFkk ioZrh; {ks=( ouksadk ty foHkktd izcU/ku rFkk i;kZoj.k lEcU/kh izdk;Z] ty “kL; rFkk laj{k.k( Hkwfe ty iquHkZj.k rFkkty foHkktd izcU/k] lefUor ou o`+{kksa dh Hkwfedk] ckxokuh Qlysa] [ksr dh Qlysa] ?kkl rFkk pkjkA3- i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k rFkk tSo fofo/krk% i;kZoj.k% la?kVd rFkk egRo] laj{k.k ds fl)kUr] fuoZuhdj.k]nkokfXu rFkk vU; fofHkUu ekuod`r xfrfof/k;ka tSls [kuu] fuekZ.k rFkk fodkl ifj;kstuk,a] tula[;ko`f) dk i;kZoj.k ij izHkkoAiznw"k.k% izdkj] fo'oO;kih rkiu] xzhugkml izHkko] vkstksu ys;j fjDrhdj.k] vEyh; o'kkZ] izHkko rFkkfu;a=.k ds mik;] i;kZoj.kh; vuqJe.k] lrr fodkl dh vo/kkj.kk] i;kZoj.k laj{k.k esa ouksa rFkk o`{kksa dhHkwfedk( ok;q] ty rFkk jo iznw'k.k ij fu;a=.k rFkk jksdFkke] Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.k uhfr rFkk fo/kku%i;kZoj.kh; izHkko ewY;kadu] ty foHkktdksa dk fodkl rFkk lkFk gh ikfjfLFkfrd vkSj i;kZoj.kh laj{k.kdk vFkksZik; ewY;kaduAo`{k lq/kkj rFkk cht izkS|ksfxdh% o`{k lq/kkj dh lkekU; vo/kkj.kk] i)fr;ka rFkk izfof/k;ka] fHkUurk,a vkSjmuds mi;ksx] mn~xe {ks=] cht lzksr] fons'kt( ou o`{k lq/kkj ds ifjek.kkRed igyw] cht mRiknu chtm/kku( larfr ijh{k.k] izkd`frd ou rFkk jcM+ lq/kkj esa o`{k lq/kkj dk mi;ksx vkuqokaf'kd ijh{k.k dk;ZØe]jksxksa] dhVksa rFkk izfrdwy i;kZoj.k ds izfrjks/k gsrq oj.k rFkk iztuu] vkuqokaf'kd vk/kkj] ou vkuqokaf'kdlalk/ku vkSj thu laj{k.k ^Lo LFkkus* rFkk ^ckg~; LFkkus*] ykxr&ykHk vuqikr vFkksZik; ewY;kaduA


1- ou izcU/k ,oa izcU/k i)fr% mn~ns'; rFkk fl)kUr] izfof/k;ka] jcM+ lajpuk ,oa xfrdh] lrr mRiknlEcU/k] vkorZu] lkekU; ou] o/kZeku laxzg] mRikn ds fu;eu] ou jksi.k dk izcU/ku] okf.kfT;d ou] ouvkPNknu vuqJo.k] vk/kkj tSls% ¼i½ LFky fo'ks"k dh ;kstuk ¼ii½ ;qfDriw.kZ ;kstuk ¼iii½ vuqeksnu]laLohd`fr rFkk O;; ¼iv½ vuqJo.k ¼v½ fjiksfVZax rFkk vfHk'kklu] 'kkfey mik;ksa ds fooj.k % xzkeh.k oulfefr dk xBu] la;qDr ou lgHkkfxrk izcU/kA2- ouksa dh dk;Z ;kstuk% ou ;kstuk] ewY;akdu rFkk vuqJo.k lk/ku ,oa lefUor ;kstuk ds vk/kkj] oulalk/kuksa dk cgq&mn~ns';h; fodkl rFkk ou m|ksx fodkl( dk;Z vk;kstu rFkk dk;Z ;kstuk] izd`frlaj{k.k esa mudh Hkwfedk( tSo fofo/krk rFkk vU; vk;ke] rS;kjh rFkk fu;a=.k] e.Myh; dk;Z vk;kstu]dk;Z lapkyu dk okf"kZd vk;kstuA3- ou foLrkj& dyu ¼esUlqjs'ku½ rFkk nwj&laosnu% ekiu i)fr;ka&isM+ksa dk O;kl] ?ksjk] Å¡pkbZ rFkkvk;ru( :i fo/kku] jcM+ ¼LVSUM½ vk;ru ¼okY;we½ vkdyu] orZEkku okf"kZd o`f)] ¼ek/;½ okf.kZd o`f)]izfrp;u fof/k rFkk izfrn'kZ Hkw[k.M ¼IykV½] mit x.kuk] mit rFkk jcM+ ¼LVS.M½ lkjf.k;ksa] lqnwj laosnu}kjk ou vkPNknu vuqJo.k( izcU/k rFkk izfrn'kZ ds fy, HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ra=A4- losZ{k.k rFkk ou bathfu;jh% ou losZ{k.k& losZ{k.k ds fofHkUu rjhds] ekufp= rFkk ekufp= vadu] oubathfu;jh ds ewyHkwr fl)kUr] Hkou lkexzh rFkk fuekZ.k] lM+dsa rFkk iqy] ydM+h ds iqyksa ds lkekU;fl)kUr] mn~ns';] izdkj] izfrn'kZ vfHkdYiuk rFkk fuekZ.kA

[k.M&[k1- ou ikfjfLFkfrdh rFkk u`tkfr ouLifr% ou ikfjfLFkfrdh% tSo rFkk vtSo la?kVu] ou ifjfLFkfrra=]ou leqnk; ladYiuk] ouLifr ladYiuk] ikfjfLFkfrdh oa'kØe rFkk pjeksRd"kZ] izkFkfed mRikndrk]iks"kkd pØ.k rFkk ty lEcU/k] izfrcy okrkoj.k esa 'kjhj jpuk ¼lw[kk] ty Hkjko] yo.krk rFkk

3- ou o/kZu&dPN ouLifr rFkk 'khr e#LFky%

4- o`{kksa dk ouo/kZu%

[k.M&[k1- d`f"k okfudh] lkekftd okfudh la;qDr ou izcU/k rFkk Vªkbcksyksth%

(I

¼ ½ii

¼ ½iii

¼ ½iv

¼ ½v

lkekftd@'kgjh okfudh&

2- ou e`nk] e`nk laj{k.k rFkk ty&foHkktd izcU/k%

e`nk laj{k.k%

ty foHkktu izcU/k%

3- i;kZoj.kh; laj{k.k rFkk tSo fofo/krk% i;kZoj.k%

iznw"k.k%

o`{k lq/kkj rFkk cht izkS|ksfxdh%


1- ou izcU/k ,oa izcU/k i)fr%

2- ouksa dh dk;Z ;kstuk%

3- ou foLrkj& dyu ¼esUlqjs'ku½ rFkk nwj&laosnu%

4- losZ{k.k rFkk ou bathfu;jh%

[k.M&[k1- ou ikfjfLFkfrdh rFkk u`tkfr ouLifr% ou ikfjfLFkfrdh%

{kkjh;rk½] Hkkjr esa ouksa ds izdkj] iztkfr;ksa dh igpku] la;kstu rFkk lg&;kstu] o`{kfoKku] ofxZdhfoHkktu] ouLifr laxzgky; rFkk ouLifr&okfVdk ¼gcksfj;k o vkjcksjsVk½ ds LFkkiu ds fl)kUr] ouifjfLFkfrra= dk laj{k.k] d`Urd m|ku ¼Dyksuy ikdZ½] u`tkfr ouLifr dh Hkkjrh; vk;qfoZKku i)fr;ksaesa] Hkwfedk] vk;qosZn rFkk ;wukuh lqxfU/kr rFkk vkS"k/kh; ouLifr;ksa dk ifjp;] uke i)fr] vkokl]forj.k rFkk okuLifrd fo'ks"krk,a] vkS"k/k ouLifr;ksa ds vlj dkjd rRo vkSj fo"kkDrrk dks izHkkfordjus okys ?kVd vkSj muds jklk;fud la?kVdA2- ou lalk/ku rFkk mi;ksxhdj.k% okrkoj.kh; ¼izcy@lkanz ou mit izfØ;k,a&ykWfxUx rFkk fuLlkj.kizfof/k;ka vkSj fl)kUr( ifjogu i)fr;ka] Hk.Mkj.k rFkk fcØh] xSj&ydM+h ou mRikn ¼,u Vh ,Q ih½&ifjHkk"kk vkSj {ks=] xksan jky] rSyhjky js'kk] frygu] n`<+Qy ¼uV½] jcM+] csar] ckal] vkS"k/kh; ouLifrdkBdks;yk] yk[k vkSj piM+k dRFkk vkSj chM+h iRrs&laxzg.k] lalk/ku rFkk fuiVku] dk"B la'kks"k.k vkSjifjj{k.k dh vko';drk vkSj egRo] la'kks"k.k ds lkekU; fl)kUr( vk;q rFkk HkV~Vk la'kks"k.k] lkSj&vuknzZrkdj.k] ekih; rkfir rFkk fo|qr HkfV~V;ka] fefJr dk"B( vklatd fuekZ.k] xq.k] mi;ksx] IykboqMfuekZ.k] xq.k mi;ksx] Qkbcj cksMZ&fuekZ.k] xq.k mi;ksx( fuikr ¼ikVhZdy½ cksMZ&fuekZ.k] xq.k mi;ksx]Hkkjr esa fefJr dk"B m|ksx dh orZeku fLFkfr vkSj Hkfo"; esa foLrkj dh ;kstuk,a] yqXnh dkxt rFkkjs'ke( m|ksx dks dPps eky dh vkiwfrZ dh orZeku fLFkfr dk"B izfrLFkkiu] ckxku ydM+h dh mi;ksfxrk(leL;k,a rFkk laHkkO;rk,aAdk"B dh dkf;d jpuk] dk"B ds nks"k rFkk vlekurk,a izdk"B ¼fVEcj½ dh igpku &lkekU; fl)kUrA3- ou laj{k.k rFkk oU; tho foKku% ouksa dh {kfr&vtSo rFkk tSo] fo/oald 'kk[kk,a ¼,tsalh½]dhM+s&edksM+s rFkk chekfj;ka] ok;q iznw"k.k dk ouksa ij izHkko rFkk QksjsLV MkbZ cSadA ouksa dh {kfr dhlqxzkfgrk] {kfr dk Lo:i] dkj.k] jksdFkke] lqj{kkRed mik; rFkk jklk;fud rFkk tSfod fu;a=.k lsykHk] vfXu ls ouksa dh lkekU; lqj{kk&midj.k rFkk fof/k] vfXu ds fu;af=r mi;ksx] vkfFkZd rFkki;kZoj.kh] ykxr] izkd`frd vkinkvksa ds ckn fVEcj cpko lapkyu] ou jksi.k rFkk ouksa ds iqu% lapj.k dhdkcZu&MkbZvkWDlkbM ¼ ½ ds foy;u esa Hkwfedk] pØh; rFkk fu;af=r pjku ¼xzsftax½] ?kkl pkjd rFkk iRrkCO2

pkjd tkuojksa ij fu;a=.k dh fofHkUu fof/k;ka( oU; thoksa] ekuo izHkko] vfrØe.k] vukf/kdkj f'kdkj ¼iksfpax½]pjku ckM+k yxkuk] ¼ykbo QSaflax½ pksVh] LFkkukUrjh tqrkbZ dk ouksa ds lapj.k ij izHkko vkSj fu;a=.kA4- ou vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk fo/kku% ou vFkZO;oLFkk&ekSfyd fl)kUr&ykxr&ykHk fo'ys"k.k] ekax vkSj iwfrZdk vkdyu] jk"Vªh; rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; cktkj esa fo'ys"k.kksa dk :[k rFkk mRiknu ,oa miHkksDrk izfreku¼iSVuZ½ esa ifjorZu( cktkj lajpukvksa dk ewY; fu/kkZj.k rFkk iz{ksi.k( futh {ks= rFkk lgdkfjrkvksa dhHkwfedk( fuxfer foRr iks"k.k dh Hkwfedk] ouksa dh mRikndrk vkSj n`f"Vdks.k dk lkekftd&vkfFkZdfo'ys"k.k( ouksa dh oLrqvksa rFkk lsokvksa dk ewY;kadu fo/kku&ou fodkl dk bfrgkl( 1894& 1952 rFkk1990 dh Hkkjrh; ou uhfr] jk"Vªh; ou uhfr 1988] tu vkos"Vu] la;qDr ou izcU/k] efgykvksa dkvkos"Vu] Hkwfe mi;ksx ls lEcfU/kr ou uhfr;ka rFkk eqn~ns( fVEcj rFkk xSj&fVEcj mRikn( lrr ouizcU/k( vkS|ksfxdhdj.k uhfr;ka( laLFkkxr rFkk lajpukRed ifjorZu] fodsUnzdj.k rFkk okfudh yksdiz'kklu@ oufu;e] vko';drk( lkekU; fl)kUr] Hkkjrh; ou vf/kfu;e] &1927 ou laj{k.k vf/kfu;e1980( oU;tho laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 1972] vkSj muesa la'kks/ku] Hkkjrh; vkpkj lafgrk dk okfudh esavuqiz;ksx] ouksa dh lwph dk iz;kstu vkSj mn~ns';A

Hkw&foKkuiz'u i=&1[k.M&d

¼ ½ lkekU; Hkw&foKku%i lkSje.My ¼ifjokj½] mYdkfi.M] i`Foh dh mRifÙk ,oa vkUrfjd lajpuk]ijsfM;ks,DVhfoVh ,oa i`Foh dh vk;q] Tokykeq[kh&dkj.k ,oa mRikn] Tokykeq[kh es[kyk] HkwdEi&dkj.k]izHkko] HkwdEi&es[kyk;sa] Hkkjr dh HkwdEiuh;rk] rhozrk] ifj.kke] HkwdEiys[khA }hipkiksa] xgu lkxj[kkb;ka ,oa e/; lkxjh; dVd] egk}hih; foLFkkiu&lk{; ,oa fØ;kfof/k] leqnz ry foLrkj.k] IysVfoorZfud] lefLFkfrdh] ioZru] i'ptkr ioZru jpuk] egk}hi vkSj egklkxjA¼ ½ Hkwvkd`fr foKku ,oa lqnwj laosnu%ii Hkwvkd`fr foKku dh ewyHkwr vo/kkj.kk;sa vi{k; ,oa c`gr {kfr]Hkwvkd`fr;ka] izo.krk Hkwvkd`fr ,oa viokg] Hkwvkd`frd pØ ,oa mudh O;k[;k] vkd`fr foKku vkSj budhlajpuk ,oa v'e foKku esa lEcU/k] [kfut iwosZ{k.k] flfoy bathfu;jh] ty foKku ,oa i;kZoj.k v/;;uesa Hkwvkd`fr foKku dk vuqiz;ksx] Hkkjr miegk}hi dh Hkw vkd`frAok;o QksVksxzkQ ,oa mudh O;k[;k&xq.k ,oa lhek,a] fo|qr pqEcdh; LiSDVªe] d{kh; mixzg ,oa laosndra=] Hkkjrh; lqnwj laosnu mixzg] mixzg vk¡dM+k mRikn] Hkw foKku esa lqnwj laosnu dk vuqiz;ksx]HkkSxksfyd lwpuk i)fr ¼ ½ vkSj mudk vuqiz;ksx fo'oO;kih fLFkfrd ra= ¼ ½AGIS GPS

¼ ½ lajpukRed HkwfoKku%iii HkwoSKkfud ekufp=.k ,oa ekufp= iBu] iz{ksi.k vkjs[k] izfrcy ,oa fod`frnh?kZo`rt rFkk lq?kV~; ¼IykfLVd½ ,oa ';ku inkFkksZa dk izfrcy&fod`fr lEcU/k fo:ifr 'kSy esa fod`frfpg~ud] fo:i.k voLFkk ds vUrxZr [kfut ,oa 'kSyksa dk O;ogkj] cyu ,oa Hkza'k&oxhZdj.k ,oafØ;kfof/k] cyu 'kkYdu] ljs[ku] laf/k ¼tksM+½ ,oa Hkza'k fo"ke foU;kl dh lajpukRed fo'ys"k.k]v/;kjksfir fo:i.k] fØLVyh; ,oa fo:i.k ds chp dky lEcU/k] 'kSy lafoU;klh dk ifjp;A

[k.M&[k¼ ½ thok'e foKku%iv tkfr&ifjHkk"kk ,oa uke i)frA xq#thok'e vkSj lw{ethok'e] thok'e ds ifjj{k.kdh voLFkk] fofHkUu izdkj ds lw{e thok'e] lglEcU/k isVªksfy;e vUos"k.k] iqjktyok;oh ,oa iqjkleqnzfoKku v/;;u esa lw{; thok'e dk vuqiz;ksxA 'kh"kZikn] VªkbyksckVk] czSfd;ksiksM+k] LdkbukbfM;k ,oa,sUFkstksvk dk vkd`frfoKku] HkwoSKkfud bfrgkl ,oa fodkloknh izo`fr] ,seksukbfM;k] VªkbyksckVk]xzSIVksykbfM;k dh Lrfjd mi;ksfxrk] gksehfuMh] ,fDoMh ,oa izksckslhfM;k ¼gkFkhx.k½ esa fodkloknhizo`fRr] f'kokfyd izkf.ktkr] xksaMokuk ouLifrtkr vkSj mudk egRoA¼ ½ Lrfjdh ,oa Hkkjr dk HkwfoKku%v Lrfjdh vuqØeksa dk oxhZdj.k% v'e Lrfjd] tSo Lrfjd]dky&Lrfjd vkSj pqEcd Lrfjd rFkk mudk vUrZlEcU/kA Hkkjr ds dSfEcz;uiwoZ 'kSyksa dk forj.k ,oaoxhZdj.k] izkf.ktkr] ouLifrtkr vkSj vkfFkZd egRo ds lUnHkZ esa Hkkjr ds n`';kthoh 'kSyksa dk Lrfjdforj.k ,oa v'efoKku dk v/;;u] eq[; lhek leL;k,a&dSfEcz;u] dSfEcz;uiwoZ] ifeZ;u@Vªkb,sfld]fØVs'kl] r`rh; ,oa vfruwru@vR;ar uwru] HkwoSSKkfud Hkwrdky esa Hkkjrh; miegk}hi esa tyok;q n'kk]iqjkHkwxksy rFkk vkXus; fØ;kdykiksa dk v/;;u] Hkkjr dk foorZfud <kapk] fgeky; dk fodklA¼ ½ tyHkwfoKku ,oa bathfu;fjax HkwfoKku%vi ty pØ vkSj ty dk vuqokaf'kdh oxhZdj.k] v/kLry tydh xfr] >juk] laja/kzrk] ikjxE;rk] nzopkfyr pkydrk] ikjxE;rk ,oa lap;u xq.kkad] tyHk`r dkoxhZdj.k] 'kSyksa ds ty/kkjh fo'ks"krk] HkkSety jlk;u foKku] yo.kty varosZ/ku] dwiksa ds izdkj viokgnzks.kh vkdkjfer] HkkSety dk vUos"k.k] HkkSety iquHkZj.k] HkkSety dh leL;k ,oa izcU/k] o"kkZ tymitua 'kSyksa ds bathfu;jh xq.k/keZ] cka/k] lqjax rFkk iqyksa ds fy, HkwoSKkfud vUos"k.k] fuekZ.k inkFkZ ds:i esa 'kSy] {kkj&iqat izfrfØ;k] Hkw&L[kyu&dkj.k] jksdFkke ,oa iquokZl] HkwdEi&jks/kh lajpuk,aA


¼ ½ [kfut foKku%i fØLVy dk leqnk; rFkk lefefr oxhZdj.k] vUrjkZ"Vªh; fØLVyhu vadu] fØLVylefefr dks fu:fir djus ds fy, iz{ks.k vkjs[k dk mi;ksx] fØLVy nks"k] ,Dljs fØLVy foKku ds rRoA'kSy foKkfudh; lw{en'khZ ,oa mlds milk/ku] lkekU; 'kSydkjh [kfutksa ds izdkf'kd xq.k/keZ] [kfutksaesa cgqo.kZrk] foyksi dks.k] f}viorZu@viorZu] ;eyu ,oa izdh.kZuA 'kSydkjh flfydsV [kfut oxksZa dsHkkSfrd ,oa jklk;fud y{k.k] flfydsVksa dk lajpukRed oxhZdj.k] vkXus; ,oa dk;karjh 'kSyksa ds lkekU;[kfut] dkcksZusV] QklQsV] lQykbM ,oa gsykbM oxksZa ds [kfutA¼ ½ vkXus; rFkk dk;karjh 'kSy foKku%ii eSXek dk mRiknu ,oa fØLVyu] ,SYckbV&,ukWFkkZbV]

2- ou lalk/ku rFkk mi;ksxhdj.k%

3- ou laj{k.k rFkk oU; tho foKku%

4- ou vFkZO;oLFkk rFkk fo/kku%


¼ ½ lkekU; Hkw&foKku%i

¼ ½ Hkwvkd`fr foKku ,oa lqnwj laosnu%ii

¼ ½ lajpukRed HkwfoKku%iii

[k.M&[k¼ ½ thok'e foKku%iv

¼ ½ Lrfjdh ,oa Hkkjr dk HkwfoKku%v

¼ ½ tyHkwfoKku ,oa bathfu;fjax HkwfoKku%vi


¼ ½ [kfut foKku%i

¼ ½ vkXus; rFkk dk;karjh 'kSy foKku%ii

Cont...

MkbvkIlkbM & ,ukWFkkZbV ,oa MkbvkIlkbM&oksyksLVksukbV&flfydk leqnk; dk fØLVyu] fØ;kfl)kUr@eSXeh; foHksnu ,oa Lokaxhdj.k] vkXus; 'kSyksa dk xBu ,oa lajpuk dh 'kSy vkuqokaf'kd egRo]xzsukbV] lkbukV] gkbvksjkbV] vYiflfyd ,oa vR;Yiflfyd] pkuksZdkbV] ,sukFkksZlkbV ,oa {kkjh; 'kSyksadh 'kSyo.kZuk ,oa 'kSyksZRifr] dkcksZusVkbV] nD[ku Tokykeq[kh 'kSy {ks=Adk;karj.k ds izdkj ,oa dkjd] dk;karjh dksfV ,oa e.My izkoLFkk ¼Qst½ fu;e] izknsf'kd ,oa laLi'kZdk;karj.k ds fy, lay{kh] ,lh,Q ,oa ,ds,Q vkjs[k] dk;karjh 'kSyksa dk xBu ¼cqukoV½ ,oa lajpuk]ckyqdke;] xq.e; ,oa vYi flfyd 'kSyksa dk dk;karj.k [kfut leqPp;] i'pxfrd dk;karj.k]rRokarj.k ,oa xzsukbVhdj.k] feXeSVkbV] Hkkjr ds xzsuqykbV HkwHkkx ¼'kSy izns'k½A¼ ½ volkn foKku%iii volknh 'kSy fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k] izla?kuu vkSj f'kyhHkou] volkn ¼ryNV½ dsxq.k/keZ] [kM+at vkSj v[kaM+t 'kSy&mudk oxhZdj.k] 'kSyo.kZuk ,oa fo{ksi.k i;kZoj.k] volknh laya{kh vkSjmn~xe {ks=] volknh lajpuk vkSj mudk egRo] Hkkjh [kfut vkSj mudk egRo] Hkkjr ds volknh nzks.kh;kaA

[k.M&[k¼ ½ vkfFkZd HkwfoKku%iv v;Ld] v;Ld [kfut ,oa xSax] v;Ld dk vkSlr izfr'kr] v;Ld fu{ksi dkoxhZdj.k] [kfut fu{ksi ds fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k] v;Ld LFkkuhdj.k dk fu;a=.k] v;Ld dk xBu]¼cqukoV½ ,oa lajpuk] /kkrqtufud ;qx ,oa {ks=] vY;qfefu;e] Øksfe;e] rkack] lksuk] yksgk] 'kh'kk] tLrk]eSxuht] fVVsfu;e] ;wjsfu;e vkSj Fkksfj;e ,oa vkS|ksfxd [kfutksa ds egRoiw.kZ Hkkjrh; fu{ksi dkHkwfoKku] Hkkjr esa dks;yk ,oa isVªksfy;e dk fu{ksi] jk"Vªh; [kfut uhfr] [kfut lalk/ku dk laj{k.k ,oami;ksfxrk] leqnzh [kfut lalk/ku vkSj leqnzh fu;eA¼ ½ [kuu HkwfoKku%v iwosZ{k.k fof/k&HkwoSKkfud] HkwHkkSfrdh;] Hkwjklk;fud ,oa HkwokuLifrd] izfrp;urduhd] v;Ld fup; dk vkdyu] vUos"k.k rFkk [kuu dh fof/k;ka&/kkfRod v;Ld] vkS|ksfxd [kfut,oa leqnzh [kfut lalk/ku] [kfut lTthdj.k ,oa v;Ld izlk/kuA¼ ½ Hkw&jlk;u foKku rFkk i;kZoj.kh; HkwfoKku%vi rRoksa dk varj{kh; ckgqY;] xzg rFkk mYdkfi.M dhcukoV] i`Foh dh lajpuk rFkk cukoV ,oa rRoksa dk forj.k] vYi ekf=d rRo@ys'k rRo] fØLVyjlk;fudh ds rRo] jklk;fud ca/kuksa ds izdkj] funsZ'kd la[;k] lekd`frdrk vkSj cgqd`frdrk] izkjfEHkdm"exfrdh] izkd`frd ladV&ck<+] HkwL[kyu] rVh; vijnu] HkwdEi ,oa Tokykeq[kh; fØ;kdyki rFkkU;wuhdj.k 'kgjhdj.k dk i;kZoj.kh; izHkko] foo`r [kuu] vkS|ksfxd rFkk fo?kVukfed vif'k"V fuiVku]mojZd dk iz;ksx] [kfut vif'k"V dk <sj vkSj ¶ykb ,s'k] HkkSe rFkk Hkwi`"B ty iznw"k.k] leqnzh iznw"k.k]i;kZoj.k lqj{kk Hkkjr esa fo/kk;h mik;A

xf.kriz'u i=&1[k.M&d

jSf[kd chtxf.kr% lfn'k lef"V] jSf[kd vkfJrrk ,oa Lora=rk] milfe"V] vk/kkj] foek] ifjferfoeh;lfn'k lef"V] vkO;wg] ¼eSfVªlsl½] dsys&gSflYVu izes;] vfHky{kf.kd eku ,oa vfHky{kf.kd lfn'k]jSf[kd :ikUrj.k dk vkO;wg iaDrh; ,oa LrEHkh; y?kqdj.k lksikud :i] rqY;rk] le'ks"krk ,oale:irk] fofgr :i dk y?kqdj.k] dksfV] yEcdksih;@ ykfEcd] lefer] fo"ke lefer] ,sfdd]gfeZVh;] fo"ke gfeZVh; :i muds vfHky{kf.kd eku] f}?kkrh ,oa gfeZVh; le?kkrksa dsyEcdks.kh;@ykfEcd ,oa ,sfdd y?kqdj.k] /kukRed fuf'pr f}?kkrh le?kkrAdyu% okLrfod la[;k,a] lhekar] lkarR;] vodyuh;rk] lHkh ek/;eku izes;] 'ks"kQyksa ds lkFk Vsyj dkizes;] vfu/kkZfjr :i] mfPp"B ,oa vfYi"B( vuUrLi'khZ] cgqpjksa ds Qyu% lkalL;] vodyuh;rk]vkaf'kd vodyu] mfPp"B ,oa vfYi"B] yaxzkt dh xq.kd fof/k] tSdksfc;u] fuf'pr lekdyuksa dhjheku ifjHkk"kk] vfuf'pr lekdy] vuUr ¼bufQfuV ,oa be~izkij½ lekdy chVk rFkk xkek Qyu] f}/kkrFkk fiz/kk lekdy ¼dsoy ewY;kadu izfof/k;ka½] {ks=] i`"B ,oa vk;ru] xq#Ro&dsUnzAfo'ysf"kd T;kfefr% nks rFkk rhu foekvksa esa dkrhZ; rFkk /kzqoh; funsZ'kkad] nks rFkk rhu foekvksa esa f}rh;dksfV lehdj.k] fofgr :iksa dk y?kqdj.k] ljy js[kk,a] nks fo"keryh; js[kkvksa ds chp dk y?kqre nwjh]lery] xksyd] 'kadq] csyu] ijoy;t] nh?kZo`Rrt] ,d rFkk nks i`"Bh vfrijoy;t ,oa muds xq.k/keZA

[k.M&[klk/kkj.k vodyu lehdj.k% vody lehdj.kksa dk la:i.k] dksfV ,oa ?kkr] izFke dksfV rFkk izFke ?kkrdk lehdj.k] lekdyu xq.kd] izFke dksfV ds fdUrq izFke ?kkr ds ugha] lehdj.k] Dysjks dk lehdj.k]fofp= gy] fu;e ¼vpj½ xq.kkad okys mPprj dksfV ds jSf[kd lehdj.k] iwjd Qyu ,oa fo'ks"k lekdy]O;kid gy vkWyj&dkS'kh lehdj.k] pj xq.kkad okys f}rh; dksfV ds jSf[kd lehdj.k] iw.kZ gy dkfu/kkZj.k tc ,d gy Kkr gks] izkpyksa ds fopj.k dh fof/kAxfrdh] LFkSfrdh] nzo LFkSfrdh% Lora=rk dh dksfV ,oa O;ojks/k] vtjs[kh; xfr] ljy vkorZxfr] leryesa xfr iz{ksI;] O;ojks/k xfr] dk;Z ,oa ÅtkZ] ÅtkZ dk laj{k.k] vkosxh cy ds vUrxZr xfr] dsIyj dsfu;e] dsUnzh; cy ds vUrxZr d{kk,a] ifjorhZ nzO;eku dh xfr] izfrjks/k ds vUrxZr xfr] x.k&fudk;dk lUrqyu] dk;Z ,oa fLFkfrt ÅtkZ] ?k"kZ.k] lk/kkj.k dSVujh] dfYir dk;Z ds fl)kUr]lkE;koLFkk@lUrqyu dk LFkkf;Ro] rhu foekvksa esa cy lkE;koLFkk@lUrqyuAHkkjh rjy dk nkc] fn, x, cy fudk; ds vUrxZr rjy dh lkE;koLFkk@lUrqyu] cjukSyh dklehdj.k] nkc dsUnz] oØ i`"B dk iz.kksn] rSjrs gq, fi.Mksa dh lkE;koLFkk@lUrqyulkE;koLFkk@lUrqyu dk LFkkf;Ro] vkIyoA dsUnz] xSlksa dk nckoAlfn'k fo'ys"k.k% vfn'k ,oa lfn'k {ks=] f=d xq.kuQy] vfn'k pj ds lfn'k Qyu dk vodyu] dkrhZ;esa izo.krk] vilj.k ,oa dyZ] csyukdkj vkSj xksyh; funsZ'kkad rFkk mudh HkkSfrd O;k[;k] mPprj dksfVvodyt] lfn'k rRled ,oa lfn'k lehdj.kAT;kfefr dk vuqiz;ksx% vkdk'k esa oØ] oØrk ,oa ,saBu] lsjsV&ÝsusV ds lw=] xkÅl ,oa LVksd ds izes;]xzhu ds rRledA


chtxf.kr% lewg] milewg izlkekU; mi lewg] lewgksa dh lekdkfjrk] foHkkx lewg] ewy rqY;dkfjrk dsizes;] lkbyks&lewg] Øep; lewg] dSyh&izes;] cy; ,oa xq.ktkoyh] eq[; xq.ktkoyh izkUr] vf}rh;xq.ku[k.M izkar ,oa ;wDyhfM;u izkar ¼Mksesu½A {ks= ds foLrkj ifjfer {ks=AokLrfod fo'ys"k.k% okLrfod la[;k fudk;] Øfer leqPp;] ifjcU/k] Øfer {ks=] U;wure Åijh ifjcU/k;qDr Øfer {ks= dks ekurs gq, okLrfod la[;k fudk;] dkS'kh vuqØe] iw.kZrk ds :i esa okLrfod la[;kfudk;A Qyuksa dk lkarR; ,oa ,d leku lkarR;] lagr leqPp;ksa ij lkarR; Qyuksa ds xq.k /keZA jhekulekdy] vuUr lekdy] okLrfod rFkk lfeJ inksa dh Jsf.k;ksa ¼ekykvksa½ dk fujis{k rFkk laizfrcU/kvfHklj.k] Jsf.k;ksa ¼ekykvksa½ dk iwuZfoU;kl] Qyuksa dks vuqØeksa rFkk Jsf.k;ksa ds fy, ,d lekuvfHklj.k] lkarR; vodyuh;rk ,oa lekdyfu;rk] cgqpjksa okys Qyuksa dk vodyu] vkaf'kdvodytksa ds] Øe esa ifjorZu] vLi"V Qyu izes;] mfPp"B ,oa vfYi"B cgq lekdyAlfEeJ fo'ys"k.k% fo'ysf"kr Qyu] dkS'kh&jheku Qyu] dkS'kh dk izes;] dkS'kh dk lekdyu lw=] ?kkrJs.kh] Vsyj Js.kh] yksjka] Js.kh fofp=rk,a] dkS'kh vo'ks"k izes;] dUVwj lekdyu] vuqdks.k izfrfp=.k]f}jsf[kd :ikUrj.kAjSf[kd izksxzkeu% jSf[kd izksxzkeu leL;k;sa vk/kksjh gy] vk/kkjh lqlaxr gy ,oa b"Vre gy] vkys[kh fof/krFkk gy dh ,d/kk fof/k] }Srrk] ifjogu rFkk fu;ru leL;k,a Hkze.k'khy foØsrk dh leL;k,aaA

[k.M&[kvkaf'kd vody lehdj.k% rhu foekvksa esa oØ rFkk i`"B( vkaf'kd vody lehdj.k dk la:i.k]

¼ ½ volkn foKku%iii

[k.M&[k¼ ½ vkfFkZd HkwfoKku%iv

¼ ½ [kuu HkwfoKku%v

¼ ½ Hkw&jlk;u foKku rFkk i;kZoj.kh; HkwfoKku%vi


jSf[kd chtxf.kr%

dyu%

fo'ysf"kd T;kfefr%

[k.M&[klk/kkj.k vodyu lehdj.k%

xfrdh] LFkSfrdh] nzo LFkSfrdh%

lfn'k fo'ys"k.k%

T;kfefr dk vuqiz;ksx%


chtxf.kr%

okLrfod fo'ys"k.k%

lfEeJ fo'ys"k.k%

jSf[kd izksxzkeu%

[k.M&[kvkaf'kd vody lehdj.k%

dx/p=dy/q=dz/r izdkj ds lehdj.kksa dk gy( yEcdks.kh; laNsnh] QSfQ;u vody lehdj.k] izFkedksfV dk vkaf'kd vody lehdj.k] dkS'kh vfHky{k.k fof/k }kjk gy] gyksa dh pkfiZV fof/k] fu;r xq.kkadksals ;qDr f}rh; dksfV ds jSf[kd vkaf'kd vody lehdj.k] dafir rarq ds lehdj.k] rki lehdj.k]ykIykl lehdj.kAla[;kRed fo'ys"k.k ,oa dEI;wVj Øekns'ku% la[;kRed fof/k;ka% f}foHkktu }kjk ,d pj ds chtxf.krh;rFkk vchth; lehdj.kksa dk gy] feF;kfLFkfr ¼jsxqyk Qkjlh½ rFkk U;wVujk¶lu fof/k;ka] xkÅlh;fujkdj.k rFkk xkÅl&tkMZu ¼izR;{k½ fof/k;ksa }kjk] xkÅl&lSMy ¼iqjkorhZ½ fof/k }kjk jSf[kdlehdj.kksa ds fudk; dk gy] U;wure dk ¼vxz rFkk i'p½ rFkk yxzkat dh vUrosZ'ku fof/k] la[;kRedlekdyu( flEilu dk frgkbZ fu;e] leyEch fu;e] xkÅlh; {ks=dyu lw=Alk/kkj.k vodyu lehdj.kksa dk la[;kRed gy% vk;yj rFkk :uksdqV~V&fof/k;kaAdEI;wVj Øekns'ku ¼izksxzkeu½% dEI;wVjksa esa vadksa dk lap;u] fcV~l] ckbV~l rFkk cMZl] f}vk/kkjh i)fr]vadksa ij xf.krh; rFkk rdZ laxr lafØ;k;sa foVokj lafØ;k;saA ,oaAND, OR, XOR, NOT

foLFkkiu@?kw.kZu ladkjd] v"V vk/kkjh rFkk "kksMl vk/kkjh i)fr;ka] n'keyo i)fr ls rFkk n'keyoi)fr esa :ikarj.kAvfpfUgr iw.kkZadksa] fpfUgr iw.kkZadksa rFkk okLrfod] f}ifj'kq)rk okLrfod rFkk nh?kZ iw.kkZadksa dk fu:ij.kAla[;kRed fo'ys"k.k leL;kvksa ds gy ds fy, ,YxksfjFe rFkk izokg lafp=Ala[;kRed fo'ys"k.k esa yh tkus okyh leL;kvksa lEcU/kh izfof/k;ksa ds fy, csfld esa lk/kkj.k Øekns'ku¼izksxzkeu½ dk fodklA;kaf=dh ,oa rjy xfrdh% O;kihd`r funsZ'kkad] O;ojks/k] gksyksukseh; rFkk xSj gkyksukseh; i)fr;ka]fMczyecVZ fl)kUr rFkk yxzkat ds lehdj.k] gsfeYVu ds lehdj.k] tM+Ro&vk?kw.kZ] nks foekvksa esa n`<+fi.Mksa dh xfrAlkarRo lehdj.k] v';ku izokg ds fy, vkW;yj dk xfr lehdj.k] izokg js[kk;sa] d.k dk iFk] foHkoizokg] lefer xfr] mn~xe rFkk vfHkxe] Hkzfey xfr] csyu vkSj xksyd ds ikjf}foeh; rFkk v{kr%izokg] izfrfcEcksa dh fof/k] ';ke rjg ds fy, usfc;j LVkWd lehdj.kA

;kaf=d bathfu;fjaxiz'u i=&1

1- e'khuksa ds fl)kUr% leryh; ;kaf=dy dk 'kq)&xfrdh vkSj xfrdh fo'ys"k.k] dSe] fx;j rFkk fx;jekyk,a] xfrikyd pØe] vf/kfu;a=d ¼xouZlZ½ n`<+ ?kw.kZdksa dk lUrqyu] ,dy rFkk cgqflfyaMj batuksadk lUrqyu] ;kaf=d ra=ksa dk js[kh; dEiu fo'ys"k.k ¼,dy rFkk f} Lokra= dksfV½] 'kS¶Vksa dh Økafrdxfr vkSj Økafrd ?kq.khZ xfr] Lor% fu;a=.k] iV~Vk pkyu rFkk J`a[kyk pkyu] nzoxfrdh; cs;fjaxA2- Bksl ;kaf=dh% nks foekvksa esa izfrcy vkSj fod`fr] eq[; izfrcy vkSj fod`fr] eksgj fuekZ.k] js[kh;izR;kLFk inkFkZ] lenSf'kdrk vkSj fo"kenSf'kdrk ¼aa ½ izfrcy& fod`fr lEcU/k] ,d v{kh;Anisotropy

¼ ½ Hkkj.k] rkih; izfrcy] ?kju] cadu vk?kw.kZ vkSj vi:i.k cy vkjs[k] cadu izfrcy vkSj ?kjuksaUniaxial

dk fo{ksi vi:i.k izfrcy forj.k] 'kS¶Vksa dh ,saBu] dq.Mfyuh fLizax] la;qDr izfrcy forj.k] eksVh vkSjiryh nhokjksa okys nkc ik=+] laihMkax vkSj LraHk] fod`fr ÅtkZ ladYiuk vkSj foQyrk fl)kUrA ?kw.khZpfØdk] ladqpu vUok;satuA3- bathfu;fjax inkFkZ% Bksl inkFkksZa dh lajpuk dh ewy ladYiuk,a] fØLVyh; inkFkZ] fØLVyh; inkFkksZa esanks"k] feJ/kkrq vkSj f}vadh dyk vkjs[k] lkekU; bathfu;fjax inkFkksZa dh lajpuk vkSj xq.k/keZ] bLikr dkÅ"ek mipkj] IykfLVd] e`fRrdk vkSj la;ksftr inkFkZ] fofHkUu inkFkksZa ds lkekU; vuqiz;ksxA4- fuekZ.k foKku% eps±V dk cy fo'ys"k.k] Vsyj dh vkStkj&vk;q lehdj.k] e'khuu lqdjrk vkSj e'khuudk vkfFkZd foospu] n`<+] y?kq vkSj yphyk Lopkyu] ,u-lh-] lh-,u-lh- vk/kqfud e'khuui)fr;ka&bZMh,u] bZ-lh-,e- vkSj ijkJO;dh] ystj vkSj IysTek dk vuqiz;ksx] iz:i.k] izØeksa dkfo'ys"k.k] mPp ÅtkZ nj izd:i.k] ftx] vUok;qfDr;ka] vkStkj vkSj xst] yEckbZ] fLFkfr] izksQkyu rFkki`"B ifj"d`fr dk fujh{k.kA5- fuekZ.k izcU/k% mRiknu] vk;kstu rFkk fu;a=.k] iwokZuqekuu&xfreku ek/;] pj?kkrkadh el`.khdj.k]lafØ;k vuqlwpu] leU;k;kstu js[kk larqyul] mRikn fodkl] lUrqyu&Lrj fo'ys"k.k] /kkfjrkvk;kstu] iVZ vkSj lh-ih-,e- fu;a=.k lafØ;k % eky lwph fu;a=.k&,-ch-lh- fo'ys"k.k] bZ-vks-D;w-] fun'kZ]inkFkZ vko';drk ;kstuk] d`R;d vfHkdYiuk] d`R;d ekud] dk;Z ekiu] xq.koRrk izcU/k& xq.koRrkfo'ys"k.k vkSj fu;a=.k] lkaf[;dh; xq.koRrk fu;a=.k] lafØ;k vuqlka/ku% js[kh; izksxzkeu&xzkQh; vkSjflEiysDl] fof/k;ka] ifjogu vkSj lekuqns'ku fun'kZ] ,dy ifjos"kd iafDr fun'kZ] ewY;bathfu;fjax%ykxr@ewY; fo'ys"k.k] iw.kZ xq.koRrk izcU/k rFkk iwokZuqeku rduhdsa] ifj;kstuk izcU/kA6- vfHkdyu ds ?kVd% vfHkdfyr ¼dEI;wVj½ laxBu] izokg lafp=.k] lkekU; dEI;wVj Hkk"kkvksa&QksVªkWu]Mh&csl& ] yksVl 1&2&3 lh&ds vfHky{k.k vkSj izkjfEHkd Øekns'ku ¼izksxzkeu½AIII


1- Å"ekxfrdh% ewy ladYiuk,a@foo`r ,oa lao`r ra=] Å"ekxfrdh fu;eksa ds vuqiz;ksx] xSl lehdj.k]Dysfijku lehdj.k] miyC/krk] vuqRØe.kh;rk rFkk Vh-Mh-,l- lEcU/kA2- vkbZ-lh- batu] bZa/ku rFkk ngu% LQqfyax izTtoyu rFkk laihMu izTtoyu batu] prqjLVªksd baturFkk f}LVªksd batu] ;kaf=d] Å"eh; rFkk vk;krfud n{krk] Å"ek larqyu] ,u-vkbZ- rFkk lh-vkbZ- batuksaesa ngu izdeu] ,l-vkbZ- batu esa iwoZToyu vf/kLQksVu] lh-vkbZ- batu esa Mhty viLQksVu] batu dsbZa/ku dk pquko] vkDVsu rFkk lhVsu fu/kkZj.k] oSfdYid bZa/ku] dkcqZjs'ku rFkk bZa/ku vUr% {ksi.k] batumRltZu rFkk fu;a=.k] Bksl] rjy rFkk xSlh; bZa/ku] ok;q ds rkfRod feJ.k dh vis{kk,a rFkk vfrfjDrok;q xq.kd ¶yw xSl fo'ys"k.k] mPprj rFkk U;wure dSyksjh eku rFkk mudk ekiukA3- Å"ek&vUrj.k] iz'khru rFkk okrkuqdwyu% ,d rFkk f}foeh Å"ek pkyu] foLrkfjr i`"Bksa esa Å"ekvUrj.k] iz.kksfnr rFkk eqDr laogu }kjk Å"e vUrj.k] Å"ek&fofuef;=] folfjr rFkk laogu nzO;ekuvUrj.k ds ewy fl)kUr] fofdj.k fu;e( ';ke vkSj xSj ';ke i`"Bksa ds e/; Å"ek fofue;] usVodZfo'ys"k.k] miek iEi] iz'khru pØ rFkk ra=] la?kfu=] okf"i= rFkk izlkj ;qfDr;ka rFkk fu;a=.k] iz'khrdnzO;ksa ds xq.k /keZ rFkk mudk p;u] iz'khru ra= rFkk muds vo;o] vknZrkfefr] lq[knrk lwpdkad] 'khruHkkj ifjdyu vkSj iz'khruA4- VcksZ ;a= rFkk fo|qr la;U=% vfofPNUurk] laosx rFkk ÅtkZ lehdj.k] :nzks"e; ;Fkk lenSf'kd izokg]QSuksa js[kk,a] jSys js[kk,a] v{kh; izokg Vjckbu vkSj laihMd ds fl)kUr rFkk vfHkdYiuk] VcksZ e'khu CySMesa ls izokg] lksikuh vidsUnzh laihMd] foeh; fo'ys"k.k rFkk fun'kZu] Hkki] ty ukfHkdh; rFkkvkikrks;ksxh fo|qr] 'kfDr la;U=ksa ds fy, LFky dk pquko] vk/kkj rFkk pje Hkkj fo|qr] 'kfDr la;a=ksa dkpquko vk/kqfud mPp nkc] xq#dk;Z ckW;yj] izokr rFkk /kqfy gVkus ds miLdj] bZa/ku rFkk ty 'khru ra=]Å"ek larqyu] LVs'ku rFkk la;U=] Å"ek njsa] fofHkUu fo|qr 'kDr la;U=ksa dk izpkyu ,oa vuqj{k.k]fujks/kd vuqj{k.k] fo|qr mRiknu dk vkfFkZd foospuA

HkkSfrdhiz'u i=&1[k.M&d

1- Dykfldh ;kaf=dh% ¼d½ d.k xfrdh% nzO;eku dsUnz rFkk iz;ksx'kkyk funsZ'kkad] js[kh; rFkk dks.kh;vk?kw.kksZa dk laj{k.k] jkdsV lehdj.k] jnjQksMZ izdh.kZu] xSyhfy;u :ikUrj.k tM+Roh; rFkk vtM+Roh;Ýse] ?kw.khZ Ýse vidsUnzh rFkk dksfj;kfyl cy] Qwdks yksydA¼[k½ d.k fudk;% O;ojks/k] LorU=rk dh dksfV] lkekU;hd`r funsZ'kkad rFkk vk?kw.khZ yxzkat dk lehdj.k

la[;kRed fo'ys"k.k ,oa dEI;wVj Øekns'ku% la[;kRed fof/k;ka%

lk/kkj.k vodyu lehdj.kksa dk la[;kRed gy%dEI;wVj Øekns'ku ¼izksxzkeu½%

;kaf=dh ,oa rjy xfrdh%

f}foeh; rFkk v{kr%


1- e'khuksa ds fl)kUr%

2- Bksl ;kaf=dh%

3- bathfu;fjax inkFkZ%

4- fuekZ.k foKku%

5- fuekZ.k izcU/k%

6- vfHkdyu ds ?kVd%


1- Å"ekxfrdh%

2- vkbZ-lh- batu] bZa/ku rFkk ngu%

3- Å"ek&vUrj.k] iz'khru rFkk okrkuqdwyu%

4- VcksZ ;a= rFkk fo|qr la;U=%


1- Dykfldh ;kaf=dh% ¼d½ d.k xfrdh%

¼[k½ d.k fudk;%

Cont...

rFkk js[kh; lukanh nksfy= esa mlds vuqiz;ksx] ljy yksyd rFkk dsUnzh; cy leL;k,a] pØh; funsZ'kkad]gsfeYVksfu;u] gsfeYVu ds fl)kUr ls yxzkat lehdj.kA¼x½ n`<+ fi.M xfrdh% vk;yjh dks.k] tM+Ro rkfudk] tM+Ro ds eq[; vk?kw.khZ n`<+ fi.M dh xfr dkvk;yj dk lehdj.k] n`<+ fi.M dh cy eqDr xfr] ?k.kkZ{kLFkk;h ¼tkbjks Ldksi½A2- fof'k"V vkisf{kdh] rjax rFkk T;kferh; izdkf'kdh%¼ ekbDylu&eksysZ iz;ksx vkSj mlds vuq"kafxd] ykjsat :ikUrj.k nS/;Z ladksp] dkyd½ fof'k"V vkisf{kdh%o`f)] osx ifjo)Zu] foiFku rFkk MkIyj izHkko] nzO;eku ÅtkZ lEcU/k] {k; izfØ;k ds ljy vuqiz;ksx]feadksOLdh fp=] prq"k vk;keh vk?kw.kksZa lfn'k HkkSfrdh lehdj.kksa ds lg izlkj.kA¼[k½ rjaxsa% ljy vkorZ xfr] voeafnr nksyu] iz.kksfnr nksyu rFkk vuqukn] foLian] rUrq esa fLFkj rjaxs]LiUnu rFkk rjax lapkf;dk] izkoLFkk rFkk lewg osx] gkbZtu ds fl)kUr ls ijkorZu rFkk viorZuA¼x½ T;kferh; izdk'k foKku% QjesV ds fl)kUr ls ijkorZu rFkk vioZru ds fu;e] mik{kh; izdk'kfoKku esa vkO;wg ¼eSfVªDl½ i)fr] irys ysal ds lw=] fuLiUn ry] nks irys ySalksa dh iz.kkyh] o.kZ rFkkxksyh; foiFkuA3- HkkSfrdh izdk'k foKku% ¼d½ O;frdj.k% izdk'k dk O;frdj.k&;ax dk iz;ksx] U;wVu oy;] ruq fQYeksa}kjk O;frdj.k] ekbdYlu O;frdj.k ekih] fofo/k fdj.kiqat O;frdj.k rFkk Qsczh&isjV O;frdj.k ekih]gksyksxzkQh rFkk mlds ljy vuqiz;ksxA¼[k½ foorZu% ÝkugksQj foorZu&,dy js[kk fNnz ¼fLyV½] f}js[kk fNnz] foorZu xzsfVax foHksnu{kerk&izstusy foorZu& v)Z vkorZu tksu rFkk tksu IysV] Ýstuy lekdy] dksuZw dslfiZy ¼fLijy½ dk,d lh/ks dksj ij foorZu rFkk yEch ladh.kZ js[kk fNnz ds fo'ys"k.k esa vuqiz;ksx&o`Rrh; }kjd }kjk foorZurFkk ok;oh; iSVuZA¼x½ /kqzohdj.k rFkk vk/kqfud izdk'k foKku% js[kh;] o`Rrh; rFkk nh?kZo`Rrh; /kzqfor izdk'k dk mRiknu rFkkvfHkKku f}viorZu] prqFkkZa'k rjax IysV] /kzqo.k ?kw.kZdrk&js'kk izdkf'kdh ds fl)kUr {kh.ku] LVsi&baMsDlrFkk ijcyf;d baMsDl rUrqvksa esa LiUn ifj{ksi.k] inkFkZ ifj{ksi.k] ,dy :i js'kk ¼Qkbcj½] yslj&vkbuLVkbu d vkSj [k xq.kkad] :ch rFkk ghfy;e&fu;ku yslj] yslj izdk'k dh fo'ks"krk,a] LFkkfud rFkkdkfyd lEc)rk] yslj fdj.kiqat dks Qksdl djuk] yslj fØ;k ds fy, rhu Lrjh; ;kstukA

[k.M&[k4- fo|qr ,oa pqEcdRo% ¼d½ fLFkj oS|qr ,oa fLFkj pqEcdh;% fLFkj oS|qr esa ykIysl ,oa Ioklksa lehdj.k ,oamudk vuqiz;ksx] vkos'k fudk; dh ÅtkZ] vkfn'k foHko dk cgq/kzqo izlkj] izfrfcEc fof/k ,oa mudkvuqiz;ksx] f)/kzqo ds dkj.k foHko ,oa {ks=] ckg~; {ks= esa f}/kzqo ij cy ,oa cyvk?kw.kZ] ijkoS|qr] /kzqo.k]ifjlhek&eku leL;k dk gy&,d leku oS|qr {ks= esa pkyd rFkk ijkoS|qr xksyd] pqEcdh; dks'k] ,dleku pqEcfdr xksyd] ykSg pqEcdh; inkFkZ] 'kSfFky;] ÅtkZ gzklA¼[k½ /kkjk fo|qr% fdjpkSQ fu;e ,oa mudk vuqiz;ksx] ck;ks&lokVZ fu;e] ,sfE¶;j dk fu;e] QSjkMs dkfu;e] ysUt dk fu;e] Lo&,oa vU;ksu izsjdRo] izR;korhZ /kkjk ¼iz-/kk-½ ifjiFk esa ek/; ,oa oxZ ek/; ewy¼vkj-,e-,l-½ eku] ,yvkj] lhvkj] ,oa ,ylhvkj ifjiFk&Js.khc) ,oa lekUrj vuqukn] xq.krk dkjd]ifj.kkfe= ¼VªkUlQkWeZj½ ds fl)kUrA5- fo|qr pqEcdh; fl)kUr ,oa d`f".kdk fofdj.k% ¼d½ fo|qr pqEcdh; fl)kUr% foLFkkiuk /kkjk ,oaesDlosy dk lehdj.k] fuokZr esa rjax lehdj.k] IokbfUVax izes;] lfn'k ,oa vfn'k foHko] izekihfu'pjrk] yksjsUV~l ,oa dwykWe izekih] fo|qr pqEcdh; {ks= izfn'k] eSDlosy lehdj.k dk lgizlj.k]lenSf'kd ijkoS|qr esa rjax lehdj.k] nks ijkoS|qRkksa ds ifjlhek ij ijkorZu rFkk viorZu] Ýsuy lEcU/k]izlkekU; ,oa vlaxr o.kZ fo{ksi.k] jSys izdh.kZuA¼[k½ d`f".kdk fofdj.k% d`f".kdk fofdj.k ,oa Iykad fofdj.k fu;e&LVsQkWu&oksYteku fu;e] ohufoLFkkiu fu;e rFkk jSys&thUl fu;e] Iykad nzO;eku] Iykad yEckbZ] Iykad le;] Iykad rkieku ,oaIykad ÅtkZA6- rkih; ,oa lkaf[;dh; HkkSfrdh% ¼d½ Å"ekxfrdh% Å"ekxfrdh dk fu;e] mRØE; rFkk vizfrØE;izØe] ,UVªkWih] lerkih] #)ks"e] lenkc] levk;ru izØe rFkk ,sUVªkWih ifjorZu] vkWVks ,oa Mhtybatu] fxOl izkoLFkk fu;e ,oa jklk;fud foHko] okLrfod xSl dh voLFkk ds fy, osUMjokylehdj.k] Økfrd fLFkjkad vkf.od osx ds fy, eSDlosy oksYteku forj.k] ifjogu ifj?kVuk]lefoHkktu] ohfj;y izes;] Bksl dh fof'k"V Å"ek dk M~;wyka&isrh] vkbaLVkbu] Msckb fl)kUr]esDlosy lEcU/k ,oa vuqiz;ksx] DysfijkWu Dykflvl lehdj.k] :)ks"e fopqEcdu] twy&dsfYouizHkko ,oa xSlksa dk nzo.kA¼[k½ lkaf[;dh; HkkSfrdh% lkgk vk;uu lw=] cksl&vkbaLVkbu nzo.k@la?kuu] vkn'kZ QehZ xSl dkÅ"ekxfrd O;ogkjA pUnz'ks[kj lhek] U;wVªku rkjk ,oa iWYlkj ds fo"k; esa izkjfEHkd /kkj.kk] ;kn`fPNd?kze.k ds :i esa czkmuh xfr] folj.k izØe] ukdkjkRed rki dh vo/kkj.kkA


1- DokUVe ;kaf=dh& %I d.k rjax }Srrk] JksfMaxj lehdj.k ,oa izR;k'kk eku] vfuf'prrk fl)kUr] ,dfoeh; JksfMaxj lehdj.k dk gy&eqDr d.k ¼xkmlh; rjax&osLVu ¼iSdsV½½ ckDl esa d.k] ifjfer dwi esad.k] jSf[kd vkorhZ yksyd] foHko LVsi ,oa vk;krkdkj jksf/kdk }kjk ijkorZu ,oa lapj.k] vYQkgzklleL;k esa thou vof/k ifjdyu gsrq MCY;w ds ch lw= dk mi;ksxA2- DokUVe ;kaf=dh& ,oa ijek.kq HkkSfrdh% ¼d½ DokUVe ;kaf=dh& %II II f=foeh; ckDl esa d.k] voLFkkvksadk ?kuRo] /kkrqvksa dk eqDr bysDVªku fl)kUr] dks.kh; laosx leL;k] gkbMªkstu ijek.kq] v)Z pØ.kleL;k ,oa ikmyh pØ.k vkO;wg ds xq.k/keZA¼[k½ ijek.kq HkkSfrdh% LVuZ&xysZd iz;ksx] bysDVªku pØ.k] gkbMªkstu ijek.kq dh lw{e lajpuk] ,y&,l¼,y-,l-½ ;qXeu] ts&ts ¼ts-&ts-½ ;qXeu] ijek.kq voLFkk dk LisDVªeh ladsru] tseku izHkkoa Ýkad&dkWUMufl)kUr ,oa vuqiz;ksxA3- vkf.kod HkkSfrdh% f}ijek.kq v.kq ds /kw.kZuh] dkEifud ,oa bysDVªkfud LisDVªe dk izkFkfed fl)kUr]jeu izHkko ,oa vkf.kod lajpuk] ystj jeu LisDVªe foKku] [kxksy&foKku ,oa mnklhu gkbMªkstuijek.kq] vkf.od gkbMªkstu ,oa vkf.od gkbMªkstu vk;u dk egRo] izfrnhfIr ,oa LQqjnhfIr] ,u-,e-vkj-¼,u,evkj½ dk izkFkfed fl)kUr ,oa vuqiz;ksx] ySEc l`fr dh izkFkfed O;k[;k ,oa budk egRoA

[k.M&[k4- ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh% ewyHkwr ukfHkdh; xq.k/keZ vkdkj] cU/ku ÅtkZ] dks.kh; laosx] lerk] pqEcdh;vk?kw.kZ] lkfe&vkuqHkkfod lagfr lw= ,oa vuqiz;ksx] nzO;eku ijoy;] M;wVjku dh ewy voLFkk] pqEcdh;vk?kw.kZ ,oa vdsUnzh; cy] ukfHkdh; cy dk eslku fl)kUr] ukfHkdh; cy dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a] ukfHkd dkdks'k ekWMy&lQyrk ,oa lhek,a] chVk gzkl esa lerk dk mYya?ku] xkek gzkl ,oa vkarfjd :ikUrj.k]eklckSj LiSDVªe foKku ds ckjs esa izkFkfed /kkj.kk] ukfHkdh; vfHkfØ;k dk ¼D;w½&eku] ukfHkdh; fo[k.Mu,oa lap;u] rkjkvksa esa ÅtkZ mRiknu] ukfHkdh; fj,sDVjA5- d.k HkkSfrdh ,oa Bksl voLFkk HkkSfrdh% ¼d½ d.k HkkSfrdh% ewy d.kksa dk oxhZdj.k ,oa mudhvU;ksU;fØ;k] laj{k.k fu;e] gkbMªkstu dh DokdZ lajpuk] {kh.k oS|qr ,oa izcy vU;ksU; fØ;k dk {ks=Dok.Vk] cyksa ds ,dhdj.k dh izkFkfed O;k[;k] U;wfVªuksa dh HkkSfrdhA¼[k½ Bksl voLFkk HkkSfrdh% ?kuh; fØLVy lajpuk] Bkslksa dk iV~V fl)kUr&pkyd] fo|qrjks/kh ,oav)Zpkyd] vfrpkydrk ds vo;o] ekbLuj izHkko tkstsQlu laf/k ,oa vuqiz;ksx] mPp rkiØevfrpkydrk dh izkFkfed O;k[;kA6- bysDVªkWfudh% ust ,oa ckg~; v)zZpkyd& ¼ih&,u&ih½ ,oa ¼,u&ih&,u½ VªkaftLVj]p-n-p n-p-n

izo/kZd ,oa nksfy=] lafØ;kRed izc/kZd ¼,QbZVh½] ¼ts-,Q-bZ-Vh-½ ,oaFET JFET MOSFET

¼x½ n`<+ fi.M xfrdh%

d½ fof'k"V vkisf{kdh%

¼[k½ rjaxsa%

¼x½ T;kferh; izdk'k foKku%

3- HkkSfrdh izdk'k foKku% ¼d½ O;frdj.k%

¼[k½ foorZu%

¼x½ /kqzohdj.k rFkk vk/kqfud izdk'k foKku%

[k.M&[k4- fo|qr ,oa pqEcdRo% ¼d½ fLFkj oS|qr ,oa fLFkj pqEcdh;%

¼[k½ /kkjk fo|qr%

5- fo|qr pqEcdh; fl)kUr ,oa d`f".kdk fofdj.k% ¼d½ fo|qr pqEcdh; fl)kUr%

¼[k½ d`f".kdk fofdj.k%

6- rkih; ,oa lkaf[;dh; HkkSfrdh% ¼d½ Å"ekxfrdh%

¼[k½ lkaf[;dh; HkkSfrdh%


1- DokUVe ;kaf=dh& %I

2- DokUVe ;kaf=dh& ,oa ijek.kq HkkSfrdh% ¼d½ DokUVe ;kaf=dh& %II II

¼[k½ ijek.kq HkkSfrdh%

3- vkf.kod HkkSfrdh%

[k.M&[k4- ukfHkdh; HkkSfrdh%

5- d.k HkkSfrdh ,oa Bksl voLFkk HkkSfrdh%

¼[k½ Bksl voLFkk HkkSfrdh%

6- bysDVªkWfudh%

¼,evks,l,QbZVh½A vadh; bysDVªkfudh&cwyh; rRled] Mh ekxZu fu;e] rdZnkj ,oa lR;eku lkj.khljy rdZ ifjiFk] Å"e izfrjks/kh ¼FkfeZLVj½] lkSj] lSy ekbØksizkslslj ,oa vadh; lax.kdA

lkaf[;dhiz'u i=&1

izkf;drk% izfrn'kZ lef"V ,oa ?kVuk,a&izkf;drk es; vkSj izkf;drk lef"V] es; Qyu ds :i ls;kn`fPNd pj] ;kn`fPNd pj dk caVu Qyu] vlarr rFkk larr izdkj ds ;kn`fPNd pj] izkf;drknzO;eku Qyu] izkf;drk ?kuRo Qyu] lfn'k&eku ;kn`fPNd pj] mikUr vkSj lizfrcU/k caVu]?kVukvksa vkSj ;kn`fPNd pjksa dh izlaHkkO; Lora=rk] ;kn`fPNd pj dh izR;k'kk rFkk vk?kw.kZ] lizfrcU/kizR;k'k] ;kn`fPNd pjksa dh Jà[kyk dk caVu esa izkf;drk esa] iz;] ek/;e esa] rFkk yxHkx loZ= fLFkfr esavfHklj.k mudk ekun.M rFkk eksjsy&dsVsyh izesf;dk] psch'ksc rFkk f[kafpu ds c`grikjLifjd lEcU/k%la[;kvksa ds nqcZy fu;e] c`gr la[;kvksa ds lcy fu;e rFkk dksYeksxksjksc ds izes;] XyhcSUdh&dSVSyhizes;] izkFkfedrk tud Qyu] vfHkyk{kf.kd Qyu] izfrykseu izes;] ykIysl dk :ikUrj.k lEcfU/krvf}rh;r] vlkarr; dh fofHkUu izes;] caVu dk mlds v?kw.kZ }kjk fu/kkZj.k] fyaMucxZ rFkk ych dsdsUnzh; lhek izes;] ekud larr o vlarr izkf;drrk caVu] mudk ikjLifjd lEcU/k rFkk lhekUrcaVu] ifjfer ekdksZo Jà[kyk ds lkekU; xq.k/keZAlkaf[;dh; vuqfefr% laxfr] vfufHkurrk] n{krk] i;kZIrrk] U;wure i;kZIrrk] iw.kZrk lgk;d izfrn'kZu]xq.ku [k.Mu izes;] cUVu dk pj?kkrkadh lewg o blds xq.k/keZ] Lo:i U;wure izlj.k vufHkur ¼;w-,e-ih-;w-½ vkadyu] jko&CySdcSy vkSj ysgeSu&'ksQs izes;] caVu ds ,dy o cgq&izkpy lewgksa ds fy,Økej&jkc vlfedk U;wure izlj.k] ifjc)] vkdyu rFkk mlds xq.k /keZ] Økej&jko vlfedk dsvkifjorZu o foLrkj] pSoeSu jkSfcUl vlfedk] HkV~Vkpk;Z ds ifjc)] vk?kw.kZ fof/k }kjk vkdyu]vf/kdre laHkkfork] U;wurea oxZ] U;wure dkbZ&oxZ rFkk vifjofrZr U;wure dkbZ&oxZ] vf/kdrelaHkkfork o vU; vkdydksa ds xq.k/keZ] mixkeh n{krk dh /kkj.kk] iwoZ rFkk i'p caVuksa dh /kkj.kk] cstvkdydAv;kn`fPNd`r o ;kn`fPNd`r ijh{k.k] Økafld Qyu ,e-ih- ijh{k.k] useu fi;lZu izesf;dk] ;w-,e-ih-ijh{k.k] ,dfn"V laHkkfork vuqikr] lkekU;hd`r useu fi;lZu izesf;dk] le:i o vufHkur ijh{k.k],dy o cgq&izkpy caVu lewgksa ds ;w-,e-ih-;w-] ijh{k.k] laHkkfork vuqikr ijh{k.k vkSj blds o`g~rizfrn'kZ xq.k/keZ] dkbZ&oxZ leatu&lq"Bqrk ijh{k.k o blds mixkeh caVuAfo'okL;rk ifjc) rFkk ijh{k.kksa ds lkFk blds lEcU/k] ,dleku ;FkkFkZre ¼;w-,e-,-½ o ;w-,e-,-vufHkur fo'oL;rk ifjc)Aleatu lq"Bqrk ds fy, dksYeksxksjkso dk ijh{k.k vkSj bldh laxfr] fpUg ijh{k.k dk bldk b"VreRo]fcydksDlu fpfg~ur&dksfV ijh{k.k vkSj bldh laxfr] dksYeksxksjksc&fLejukso dk nks&izfrn'kZ ijh{k.k]ijEijk ijh{k.k foydksDlu&eSu fOgVuh ijh{k.k o ekf/;dk ijh{k.k] mudh laxfr o mixkehizlkekU;rkAokYM dk ,l-ih-vkj-Vh o blds xq.k/keZ] vks-lh- o ,-,l-,u- Qyu] ckYM dh ewy loZlfedk] vuqØfedvkdyuAjSf[kd vuqefr vkSj cgqpj fo'ys"k.k% jSf[kd lkaf[;dh; fun'kZ] U;wure oxksZa dk fl)kUr vkSj izlj.kfo'ys"k.k] xkl&ekdksZd fl)kUr] lkekU; lehdj.k] U;wure oxZ vkdyu o budh ifj'kq)rk] ,d/kk]f}/kk o f=/kk oxhZd`r vkdyuksa esa U;wure oxZ fl)kUr ij vk/kkfjr lkFkZdrk ijh{k.k ,oa vUrjkyvkdyu] lekJ;.k fo'ys"k.k] jSf[kd lekJ;.k] oØjs[kh lekJ;.k o yEc dks.kh; cgqin] cgqinh;lekJ;.k] cgq o vkaf'kd lglEcU/k] lekJ;.k uSnkfud o laosfnrk fo'ys"k.k] va'k'kks/ku leL;k,a]izlj.k o lgizlj.k ?kVdksa dks vkdyu] fl)kUr] cgqpjizlkekU; caVu] egkyksukfcCo dkMINQUE

D T2 2o gksVsfyax dk izfrn'kZt o muds vuqiz;ksx o xq.k/keZ] fcfcDlj] fo'ys"k.k] fofgr lglEcU/k]

,d/kk] % eq[; ?kVd fo'ys"k.k] miknku fo'ys"k.k ds vo;;AMANOVA

izfrp;u fl)kUr rFkk iz;ksxksa dh vfHkdYiuk% fuf'pr lef"V o egk&lef"V mixeu dh :ijs[kk]ifjfer lef"V izfrp;u ds lqLi"V y{k.k] izkf;drk izfrp;u vfHkdYiuk] ljy ;kn`fPNd izfrp;u&izfrLFkkiu ds lkFk vkSj fcuk izfrLFkkiu ds] Lrjhd`r ;kn`fPNd izfrp;u vkSj lajfpr lef"V ds fy,mldh izHkkfork] xqPN izfrp;u] f}pj.k rFkk cgqpj.k izfrp;u] ,d vFkok vf/kd lgk;d pjksa ds fy,vuqikr o lekJ;.k i)fr;ka] f}pj.k izfrp;u] izfrLFkkiu ds lkFk o mlds fcuk] izkf;drk vuqikfrdvkeki] izfrp;u] gSUlu&gjfcV~t vkSj gjfcV~t FkkWEilu ds vkdyu gjfoV~t FkkWEilu vkdyu dslUnHkZ esa _.kksRrj izlj.k vkdyu] vizfrp;u =qfV;ka] laosnu'khy vfHky{k.kksa ds fy, okuZj dh;kn`fPNd mRrj rduhdAfu;e izHkko fun'kZ ¼f}/kk oxhZdj.k½] ;kn`fPNd ,oa fefJr izHkko fun'kZ ¼le la[;k izfr dksf"Bdk izs{k.kksads lkFk f)/kk oxhZdj.k½ lh-vkj-Mh-] vkj-ch-Mh-] ,y-,l-Mh- o muds fo'ys"k.k] viw.kZ [k.M vfHkdYiuk]yEcdks.kh;rk o lUrqyu dh ladYiuk ch-vkbZ-ch-Mh- vizkIr {ks=d izfrf/k] Øexqf.kr vfHkdYiuk% 2 ] 31 2

,oa 3 Øexqf.kr iz;ksxksa esa ladj.k] foHkDr&{ks= vkSj ljy tkyd vfHkdYiuk,aA3

lkaf[;dhiz'u i=&2

I- vkS|ksfxd lkaf[;dh% izfØ;k ,oa mRikn fu;a=.k% fu;a=.k lfp=ksa ds lkekU; fl)kUrksa % pjksa ,oa xq.kksads fy, fofHkUu izdkj dh fu;a=.k lafp=% ,oa lafp= ;ksx lafp=% -ekLd % xq.kksa dsX, R, S, Pnp C V

fy, ,dy] f}] cgq ,oa vuqØfed izfrp;u ;kstuk,a % vks-lh-] ,-,l-,u-] ,-vks-D;w- ,oa ,-Vh-vkbZ- oØ]mRikndksa ,oa miHkksDrkvksa ds tksf[keksa dh vo/kkj.kk,a] ,-D;w-,y-] ,y-Vh-ih-Mh- ,oa ,-vks-D;w-,y-% pjksa dsfy, izfrp;u ;kstuk] MkWt&jksfex ,oa lSfud ekud lkjf.k;ksa dk mi;ksxAfo'oluh;rk dh ladYiuk% vuqj{k.kh;rk ,oa miyC/krk% Jà[kyk ,oa lekUrj i)fr dh fo'oluh;rkvkSj vU; ljy foU;kl iqu% LFkkiuk ?kuRo ,oa iqu% LFkkiuk Qyu] vfrthfork fun'kZ ¼pj?kkrkadh]cscqy] y?kqxw.kd] jSys vkSj ckFk&Vc½ vfrfjDrrk ds fofHkUu izdkj vkSj fo'oluh; lq/kkj esa vfrfjDrrkdk mi;ksx( vk;q ijh{k.k esa leL;k,a( pj?kkrkadh izfr:iksa ds fy, fNUu vkSj [k.M oftZr iz;ksxAII- b"Vrehdj.k izfof/k;ka% lafØ;k foKku esa fofHkUu izdkj ds fun'kZ] mudh lajpuk vkSj gy djus dhlkekU; fof/k;ka% vuqdj.k vkSj ekaVsdkyks fof/k] jsf[kr izksxkeu ¼,y-ih-½ leL;k dh lajpuk vkSj lw=.k]ljy jSf[kd izksxzkeu iz:i vkSj mldk vkys[kh gy] ,d/kk izfØ;k] f}pj.k fof/k vkSj d`f=e pjksa lfgr,e-&rduhd( jSf[kd izksxzkeu dk }S/k fl)kUr vkSj mldk vkfFkZd fuoZpu( lqxzkfgrk fo'ys"k.k]ifjogu ,oa fu;ru leL;k( vk;krhr [ksy( f}O;Drhd 'kwU;&;ksx [ksy( gy djus dh fof/k;ka ¼vkys[kh,oa chtxf.krh;½AfoQy ,oa xq.kkg`flr enksa dk izfrLFkkiu( lewg vkSj O;f"V izfrLFkkiu uhfr;ka( oSKkfud rkfydkizcU/ku dh ladYiuk rFkk rkfydk leL;kvksa dh fo'ysf"kd lajpuk( vxzrk dky ds lkFk rFkk mldsfcuk fu/kkZj.kkRed ,oa izlaHkkO; ekax ds ljy fun'kZ] MSe izdkj ds fo'ks"k lUnHkZ lfgr lap;u fun'kZAlek?kkr fofcDr&dky ekdksZo Jà[kyk,a] laØe.k izkf;drk vkO;wg] fLFkfr;ksa dk oxhZdj.k rFkkvH;frizk; ds izes;] le?kkr lrr~&dky ekdksZo Jà[kyk,a] Ioklks izfØ;k] iafDr fl)kUr ds vo;o],e@,e@1] ,e@,e@ds] th@,e@1 ,oa ,e@th@1A iafDr;kaA izpfyr lkW¶Vos;j iSdst] tSls,l-ih-,l-,l-] ds mi;ksx ls lkaf[;dh; leL;kvksa dk dEI;wVj gyAIII- ek=kRed vFkZ'kkL= o jktdh; lkaf[;dh% izo`fRr fu/kkZj.k% ekSleh o pØh; ?kVd% ckWDl&tSufdUlfof/k % Jà[kyk dh fLFkjrk ds fy, ijh{k.k] ,-vkj-vkbZ-,e-,- ¼vfjek½ fun'kZ rFkk LolekJ;.k o xfrekuek/; vo;;ksa dk Øe fu/kkZj.k] iwokZuqekuA

lk/kkj.kr;k iz;qDr lwpdkad&ySlfi;j o ik'ks ,oa fQ'kj dk vkn'kZ lwpdkad% Jà[kyk&vk/kkfjrlwpdkad] lwpdkad ds iz;ksx o lhek,a] Fkksd ewyksa dk lwpdkad] miHkksDrk] ewy dk lwpdkad] d`f"k ovkS|ksfxd mRiknu dk lwpdkad] lwpdkad ds ijh{k.k tSls vkuqikfrdrk ijh{k.k] dky&fo"k;Zt] minkumRØe ijh{k.k] Jà[kfyd ijh{k.k o foeh; fu'pjrk ijh{k.k] O;kid jSf[kd fun'kZ] vkdyu dh lk/kkj.k

lkaf[;dhiz'u i=&1

izkf;drk%

ikjLifjd lEcU/k%

lkaf[;dh; vuqfefr%

jSf[kd vuqefr vkSj cgqpj fo'ys"k.k%

izfrp;u fl)kUr rFkk iz;ksxksa dh vfHkdYiuk%

lkaf[;dhiz'u i=&2

I- vkS|ksfxd lkaf[;dh%

fo'oluh;rk dh ladYiuk%

II- b"Vrehdj.k izfof/k;ka%

III- ek=kRed vFkZ'kkL= o jktdh; lkaf[;dh%

U;wure oxZ o O;kidhd`r U;wure oxZ fof/k;ka] cgqljs[krk dh leL;k] cgqljs[krk ds ifj.kke o lek/kku]Lorgy lEcU/k o blds ifj.kke] fo{kksHk dh fo"ke fopkfyrk o bldk ijh{k.k] fo{kksHk dh Lor=ark gsrqijh{k.k] tSyuj dk izrh;eku] vlEc)] lekJ;.k lehdj.k fun'kZ o bldk vkdyu] lajpuk dhladYiuk vkSj ;qxor~ lehdj.k gsrq fun'kZ vfHkfu/kkZj.k dh leL;k vfHkfu/kkZj.k ds gsrq dksfV ,oa ØeizfrcU/k] vkdyu dh f}Lrjh; U;wure oxZ fof/kA

Hkkjr esa tula[;k] df"k] vkS|ksfxd mRiknu] O;kikj vkSj ewY; dh orZeku 'kkldh; lkaf[;dh; iz.kkyh('kkldh; vkadM+ksa ds laxzg djus dh fof/k;ka mudh fo'oluh;rk ,oa lhek vkSj iz/kku izdk'k] tks ,sls vkadM+ksa dksvUrfoZ"V djrs gksa] vkadM+ksa ds laxzg ds fy, mRrjnk;h fofHkUu 'kkldh; ,tsflU;ka vkSj muds eq[;dk;ZA

IV- tulkaf[;dh vkSj euksfefr% tux.kuk ls izkIr tulkaf[;dh vkadM+s iathdj.k] jk"Vªh; izfrn'kZlosZ{k.k rFkk vU; losZ{k.k] mudh lhek vkSj mi;ksx] ifjHkk"kk] thou&ej.k nj vkSj vuqikr dh jpuk vkSjmi;ksx] moZjrk dh eki] tUe nj] vLoLFkrk nj] ekudhd`r e`R;qnj] iw.kZ vkSj laf{kIr o; lkjf.k;ka]tUe&ej.k vkadM+ksa vkSj tux.kuk foojf.k;ksa ds vk/kkj ij o; lkj.kh dk fuekZ.k] o; lkfj.k;ksa dkmi;ksx] o`f)?kkr vkSj vU; tuof) oØ of)ikr oØ latu] tula[;k iz{ksi( LFkkbZ tula[;k fl)kUr]tulkaf[;dh; izkpyksa ds vkdyu esa LFkkbZ vkSj dYi&LFkkbZ tula[;k izfof/k;ksa ds mi;ksx] vLoLFkrk vkSjmldh eki] eR;q ds dkj.k }kjk ekud oxhZjd.k] LokLF; losZ{k.kksa vkSj vLirky ds vkadM+ksa dk mi;ksxA

ekiØeksa vkSj ijh{k.kksa dh ekudhdj.k i)fr;ka lead] ekud lead] lead] 'kr~red lead] ckSf)dZ- T-

Lrj vkSj mldh eki rFkk mi;ksx] ijh{k.k lead dh ekU;rk vkSj mldk fu/kkZj.k euksfer ds miknku]fo'ys"k.k vkSj iFk&fo'ys"k.k dk mi;ksxA

izkf.k foKkuiz'ui=&1Hkkx&d

vjTtw dh vkSj jTtqdh% ¼d½ fofHkUu Qkbyeksa dk mioxksZa rd oxhZdj.k ,oa lEcU/k( ,lhyksesVk vkSjlhyksesVk( izksVksLVkse vkSj M~;wVsjksLVkse] ckbysVjsfM;k vkSj jsfM,Vk( izksfVLVk] iSjktksvk] vksfudksQksjk rFkkgsfedkWjMkVk dk LFkku( lfefrA¼[k½ izksVkstksvk% xeu] iks"k.k rFkk tuu] fyax dk fodkl( iSjkehf'k;e] ekWuksflfLVe IykTeksfM;e rFkkyh'kesfu;k ds lkekU; y{k.k ,oa thouo`RrA¼x½ iksfjQsjk% dadky] uky ra= rFkk tuuA¼?k½ lhysaVsjsVk% cgq:irk( j{kk lajpuk,a rFkk mudh fØ;kfof/k( izoky fHkfRr;ka vkSj mudk fuek.kZ]esVktsusfll( vkschfy;k vkSj vkSjhfy;k ds lkekU; y{k.k ,oa thou&o`RrA¼M-½ IySfVgsfYeaFkhl% ijthoh vuqdwyu( Qsflvksyk rFkk Vhfu;k ds lkekU; y{k.k ,oa thouo`Rr rFkkekuo ds lkFk mudk lEcU/kA¼p½ usesV~gsfYeaFkhl% ,sldsfjl ds lkekU; y{k.k] thouo`Rr rFkk ijthoh vuqdwyu( usesV~gsfYeaFksa dk ekuols lEcU/kA¼N½ ,susfyMk% lhykse vkSj f[k.Mrk% ikyhdhVksa esa thoufof/k;ka usjhl ¼uh,saFkhl½] dsapqvk ¼QsfjfVek½ rFkktksad ¼fg:fMusfj;k½ ds lkekU; y{k.k rFkk thouo`RrA¼t½ vkFkksZiksMk% ØLVsf'k;k esa fMEc izdkj vkSj ijthfork] vkFksZiksMks ¼>haxk] frypV~Vk rFkk fcPNw½ esa n`f"VvkSj 'olu( dhVksa ¼frypV~Vk] ePNj] eD[kh] e/kqeD[kh rFkk frryh½ esa eq[kkaxksa dk :ikUrj.k( dhVksa esadk;karj.k rFkk bldk gkeksZuh fu;eu( dhVksa ¼nhedksa rFkk e/kq&eqfD[k;ksa½ esa lkekftd laxBuA¼>½ eksyLdk% v'ku] 'olu] xeu] dop fofo/krk( ySesfyMsUl ikbyk rFkk lhfi;k ds lkekU; y{k.k ,oathou& o`Rr( xSLVªksiksMksa esa ,saBu rFkk vO;korZuA¼´½ bdkbuksMesZVk% v'ku] 'olu] xeu] fMEc izdkj] ,sLVhfjvl ds lkekU; y{k.k rFkk thou&o`Rr¼V½ izksVksdkWMsZVk% jTtqfd;ksa dk mn~Hko] czSafd;ksLVksek rFkk gbZekfu;k ds lkekU; y{k.k rFkk thouo`Ùk¼B½ ikblht% 'kYd] 'olu] xeu] izoklu¼M½ ,sfEQfc;k% prq"iknksa dk mn~Hko] tudh; ns'kHkky] 'kkodkarj.k¼<½ jsIVhfy;k oxZ% ljhlìksa dh mRifr% djksfV ds izdkj LQsuksMkWu rFkk exjePNksa dk LFkku¼.k½ ,oht% if{k;ksa dk mn~Hko% mM~M;u vuqdwyu rFkk izoklu¼r½ eSesfy;k% Lru/kkfj;ksa dk mn~Hko( nar foU;kl] vaM nsus okys Lru/kkfj;ksa dks"B/kkjh Lru/kfj;ksa tyh;LRu/kkfj;ksa rFkk izkbesVksa ds lkekU; y{k.k( var%lzzkoh xzafFk;k rFkk vU; gkeksZu mRiUu djus okyh lajpuk¼ih;w"k xzafFk voVq xzafFk] ijkcVq xzafFk vf/ko`Dd xzafFk vXuk'k;] tuu xzafFk½ rFkk muesa var%laEcU/k¼Fk½ d'ks:dh izkf.k;ksa ds fofHkUu ra=ksa dk rqyukRed dk;kZRed 'kjhj v/;koj.k rFkk blds O;qRikn] var%dadky] pyu&vax] ikpu&ra= 'oklu ra=] g`n; rFkk egk/keuh&pkiksa lfgr ifjlapkjh ra=] ew=&tuura= efLr"d rFkk KkusfUnz;ka ¼vka[k rFkk dku½

Hkkx&[kI- ifjfLFkfrdh;% ¼d½ thoeaMy] tSoHkwjlk;u pØ] xzhu gkml izHkko] vkStksu ijr rFkk bldk izHkko(ikfjfLFkfrd vuqØe] thokse rFkk bZdksVksu¼[k½ lef"V] fo'ks"krk,a lef"V xfrdh] lfef"V fLFkjhdj.k¼x½ izkd`frd lalk/kuksa dk laj{k.k&[kfut [kuu] eRL;&m|ksx tyd`f"k] okfudh( ?kkl LFky% oU; thou¼ck?k½ ifj;kstuk] d`f"k esa cuk, j[kk tkus okyk mRiknu ,dhd`r uk'khtho izca/ku¼?k½ i;kZoj.kh; tSo fuEuhdj.k] iznw"k.k rFkk thoeaMy ij blds izHkko ,oa mldh jksdFkkeII- O;ogkfjdh% ¼d½ O;ogkj% laosnh fuLianu] izfrlansfnrk] fpUg mn~nhiu] lh[kuk] d`fr vH;kl]izkuqdwyu] v/;kadu¼[k½ pkyu esa gkjeksuksa dh Hkwfedk] lapsru izlkj esa Qhjkseksuksa dh Hkwfedk( xksidrk] iji{kh igpku] iji{khrkSj&rjhds] dhVksa rFkk izbesVks esa lkekftd O;ogkj] iz.k;&¼MªkslksfQyk] f=daVd] fLVdycsd rFkk i{kh½¼x½ vfHkfoU;kl] lapyku vfHkxg tSfod y;% tSfod fu;rdkfydrk] Okjh;] _rqijd rFkk fnolizk; y;¼?k½ izk.kh&O;ogkj ds v/;;u dh fof/k;kaIII- vkfFkZd izkf.k foKku% ¼d½ e/kqeD[kh ikyu] js'kedhV ikyu] yk[k dhV ikyu 'kQjh lao/kZ] lhiikyu] >haxk ikyu¼[k½ izeq[k laØked ,oa lapj.kh; jksx ¼pspd] Iysx] eysfj;k] {k; jksx] gStk rFkk ,M~l½] muds okgdjksxk.kq rFkk jksdFkke¼x½ i'kqvksa rFkk eosf'k;ksa ds jksx] muds jksxk.kq ¼gsyfeUFkl½ rFkk okgd ¼fpapM+h] dqVdh] cscsul] LVkseksfDll½¼?k½ xUus dk uk'khtho ¼ikbfjyk ijiqflyk½] frygu dk ¼,sfd;k tukVk½ rFkk pkoy dk ¼flVksfQyl vksfjts½IV- tSo lkaf[;dh% iz;ksxksa dh vfHkdYiuk( fujkdj.kh; ifjdYiuk( lg&laca/k] ijkorZu] dsUnzh; izo`fRrds ifjek.k vkSj forj.k] dkbZ&Ldos;j] fo|kFkhZ Vh&VsLV] ,Q&VsLV ¼,d ekxhZ rFkk f}ekxhZ ,Q&VsLV½V- midj.kh; i)fr% ¼d½ LisDVªeh izdk'kekiu] Tokyk izdk'kfefr] xkbxj eqyj xf.k=] izLQqj.k x.kuk¼[k½ bysDVªkWu lw{en'khZ ¼VhbZ,e] ,lbZ,e½

izk.kh foKku

iz'u i=&2

Hkkx&d

I- dksf'kdk tho&foKku% ¼d½ dksf'kdk rFkk blds dksf'kdkaxksa ¼dsUnzd] IykTek f>Yyh] ekbVksdkWfUMª;k]xkYthdk;] varnzZO;h tfydk] jkbckslke rFkk ykblkslksEl½ dh lajpuk ,oa dk;Z] dksf'kdk&foHkktu

IV- tulkaf[;dh vkSj euksfefr%

izkf.k foKkuiz'ui=&1Hkkx&d

vjTtw dh vkSj jTtqdh%

¼[k½ izksVkstksvk%

¼x½ iksfjQsjk%¼?k½ lhysaVsjsVk%

¼M-½ IySfVgsfYeaFkhl%

¼p½ usesV~gsfYeaFkhl%

¼N½ ,susfyMk%

¼t½ vkFkksZiksMk%

¼>½ eksyLdk%

¼´½ bdkbuksMesZVk%¼V½ izksVksdkWMsZVk%¼B½ ikblht%¼M½ ,sfEQfc;k%¼<½ jsIVhfy;k oxZ%¼.k½ ,oht%¼r½ eSesfy;k%

Hkkx&[kI- ifjfLFkfrdh;% ¼d½

¼[k½¼x½

¼?k½II- O;ogkfjdh%

¼[k½

¼x½¼?k½III- vkfFkZd izkf.k foKku% ¼d½

¼[k½

¼x½¼?k½IV- tSo lkaf[;dh%

izk.kh foKku

iz'u i=&2

Hkkx&d

I- dksf'kdk tho&foKku% ¼d½

¼lelw=h vkSj v/kZlw=h½ lelw=h ra=] xq.klw= xfr

¼[k½ Mh,u,dk okV~lu ,oa Øhd ekWMy] Mh,u,dh izfrdfr] izksVhu la'ys"k.k] vuqys[ku rFkk vuqys[kudkjd

II- vuqokaf'kdh% ¼d½ thou lajpuk rFkk dk;Z] vuqokaf'kdh dwV

¼[k½ MªkslksfQyk] useSVksMksa rFkk ekuo esa fyax xq.klw= rFkk fyax fu/kkZj.k

¼x½ oa'kkxfr esa esaMyh; fu;e] iqu;ksZtu] lgyXurk] lgyXurk fp=] cgq&;qXe fodYih] fLVªkWuvo/kkj.kk] jDr lewgksa dh vuqokaf'kdh

¼?k½ mRifjorZu rFkk mRifjorZtuu% fcfdj.kh rFkk jklk;fud

¼M-½ Dyksfuax rduhd] okgdksa ds :i esa Iykst~feM~l rFkk dkWlfeM~l] VªkalikslksUl] Mh,u, Øe DyksfuaxrFkk iw.kZ izk.kh Dyksfuax ¼fLk)kar rFkk fØ;k i)fr½

¼p½ izks&rFkk ;w&dSfj;ksV~l esa fu;eu rFkk thu vfHkO;fDr

¼N½ ladsr ikjØe.k] oa'kkoyh&fo'ys"k.k] ekuo ds tUetkr jksx

¼t½ ekuor thukse fp=kadu] Mh,u, fQaxjfizafVax

III- fodkl%

¼d½ thou dk mn~Hkou

¼[k½ izkd`frd oj.k] fodkl esa mRifjorZu dh Hkwfedk] vuqgj.k] fofHkUurk] i`FkDdj.k tkfr mn~Hkou

¼x½ thok'e rFkk thok'ehdj.k( ?kksM+s] gkFkh rFkk ekuo dk fodkl

¼?k½ gkMhZ&chucxZ fu;e] thu vko`fRr esa ifjorZu ds fof/k dkj.k

¼—egkf}ih; foLFkkiu rFkk izkf.k;ksa dk forj.k

IV- oxhZdj.k%

¼d½ izkf.koSKkfud ukekoyh] varjkZ"Vªh; fu;e] DySfMfLVDl

Hkkx&[k

I- tSo jlk;u

¼d½ dkcksZgkbMªsVksa] olkvksa] fyfiMksa] izksVhuksa] vehuks vEYkksa] U;wfDyd vEyksa dh lajpuk ,oa Hkwfedk] larÌrrFkk vlarÌr olk] vEy] dksysLVªksy

¼[k½ XykbZdksykbfll rFkk ØsCl pØ] vkDlhdj.k rFkk vip;u] vkDlhdj.k QkLQksjhys'ku( ÅtkZlaj{k.k rFkk foekspy ,-Vh-ih( pØh; ,,eih&bldh lajpuk rFkk Hkwfedk

¼x½ gkeksZu oxhZdj.k ¼LVsjkbM rFkk isIVkbM gkeksZu½] tSo& la'ys"k.k rFkk dk;Z

¼?k½ bUtkbe% fØ;k ds izdkj rFkk fØ;kfof/k;ka] bE;wuksXykscqfyu rFkk jks/kd{kerk] foVkfeu rFkkdks&,Utkbe

¼—thoksftZdh%

II- dkf;Zdh ¼Lru/kkfj;ksa ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa½%

¼d½ jDr dh la?kVuk rFkk jpd( ekuo esa jDr lewg rFkk ^vkj,p* dkjd] Ldanu fØ;k] Ldanu dsdkjd rFkk fØ;k&fof/k( vEy {kkjd lkE;] rki&fu;eu

¼[k½ vkDlhtu rFkk dkcZu MkbZvkDlkbM vfHkxu] gheksXyksfcu( blds jpd rFkk fu;eu esa bldh Hkwfedk

¼x½ iks"kf.kd vko';drk,a% ikpu esa ykj xzafFk;ksa] ftxj] vXuk'k; rFkk vka= xzafFk;ksa dh Hkwfedk rFkk vo'kks"k.k

¼?k½ mRlthZ mRikn] usÝksu rFkk ew= fojpu dk fu;eu( ijklj.k fu;eu

¼—isf'k;ksa ds izdkj] dadky isf'k;ksa dh ladqpu dh fØ;kfof/k

¼p½ U;wjkWu] raf=dk vkosx&mldk ikyu rFkk varxzZFkuh lapj.k% U;wjksVªkalehVj

¼N½ ekuo esa n`f"V] Jo.k rFkk /kzk.kcks/k

¼t½ gkeksZu fØ;k dh fØ;k&fof/k

¼>½ tuu dh dkf;dh] gkeksZuksa rFkk Qsjksekuksa dh Hkwfedk

III- ifjo/kZu thou foKku%

¼d½ ;qXed ls U;w:yk voLFkk rd dk foHksnhdj.k] fufoZHksnu] esVkIysfl;k( foizsj.k] lajpuk fodkl rFkkekjQkstsu] es<d rFkk pwtsa esa dUMqdksa ds fu;fr fp= vk¡[k rFkk gn; dk vkaxtuu Lru/kkfj;ksa esa vijkU;k,

¼[k½ ifjo/kZu esa dksf'kdk&nzO; dh Hkwfedk rFkk ifjo/kZu dk vkuqoaf'kd fu;a=.k dksf'kdk oa'kijEijk]esa<d rFkk dhVksa esa dk;karj.k dk mn~Hkkou] 'kkodhtuu rFkk fojHkzw.krk] o`f)] foo`f) rFkk dksf'kdke`R;q] tj.k] CykLVkstsusfll] iqutZuu] fo:ituu( vkcqZnrk

¼x½ vijk dh vkØedrk( ik=s fu"kspu] Hkzw.k LFkkukarj.k] Dyksfuax

¼?k½ os;j dk fu;e( ,oks&Msoks vo/kkj.kk

i'kqikyu ,oa i'kq fpfdRlk foKku

izFke iz'u i=

lsD'ku & v

i'kq/ku O;olk;& blds volj ,oa lEHkkouk;saA taxyh tkuojksa ds lUnHkZ esa ekuo tula[;kA taxyhtkuojksa dk egRoA

vuqokaf'kdh ,oa i'kq iztuu&

i'kq vuqokaf'kdh&

es.Msfy;u oa'kkxfr] thu vfHkO;fDr] lgyXurk ,oa fofu;e izHkkfor ,oa fyax lesf;r y{k.k

xq.klw= foiaFku

thu lajpuk

Mh0,u0,0 ,oa vuqokaf'kd nzO;

iqu% la;ksftr Mh0,u0,0 rduhdh

mRifjorZu

ek=kRed izfr cuke xq.kkRed y{k.k

thu vko`fÙk dks ifjofrZr djus okys dkjd

i'kq iztuu

iztuu i)fr & var% iztuu] ckg~; iztuu] ØeksUufr] izladj.k ladj.k rFkk fHkUu ladj.k] p;u ,oamlls lEcfU/kr ykHk] fofHkUu izdkj ds i'kqvksa dk vuqokaf'kd lq/kkj& xks/ku] HkSal] HksM+] cdjh] lwdj]?kksM+s] eqxhZ ,oa taxyh tkuojA

i;kZo.khZ; vuqdwyu

tkuojksa esa rkih; larqyu

tkuojksa ij ekSle dk izR;{k vkSj ijks{k izHkko

'kjhj ls ikuh dk gzkl

o`f)nj] 'kjhj Hkkj

¼[k½

II- vuqokaf'kdh% ¼d½

¼[k½

¼x½

¼?k½

¼M-½

¼p½

¼N½

¼t½

III- fodkl%

¼d½

¼[k½

¼x½

¼?k½

¼—

IV- oxhZdj.k%

¼d½

Hkkx&[k

I- tSo jlk;u

¼d½

¼[k½

¼x½

¼?k½

¼—

II- dkf;Zdh ¼Lru/kkfj;ksa ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa½%

¼d½

¼[k½

¼x½

¼?k½

¼—

¼p½

¼N½

¼t½

¼>½

III- ifjo/kZu thou foKku%

¼d½

¼[k½

¼x½

¼?k½


izFke iz'u i=

lsD'ku & v

i'kq/ku O;olk;&

vuqokaf'kdh ,oa i'kq iztuu&

i'kq vuqokaf'kdh&

iztuu i)fr &

Cont...

izdk'k laosnh O;frØe

lsD'ku & c

i'kq jksx &

izfrj{kk ,oa Vhdkdj.k & fof'k"V jksxksa ds izfr i'kqvksa ds izfrj{k.k gsrq fl)kUr ,oa fof/k;ka] >q.M izfrj{kk]jksx jfgr {ks=] 'kwU; jksx ifjdYiukA

xk;] HkSal] HksM+] cdjh ,oa taxyh tkuojksa ds jksx & fuEu jksxksa ds dkj.k] y{k.k] igpku] funku] jksdFkkerFkk fpfdRlk% tgjh cq[kkj] xyk ?kksaVw] yxfM+;k] FkuSyk] risfnd] tksUl fcekjh] [kqjidk ,oa eqgidk]iksduh] jscht] ljkZ] nqX/k Toj ,oa vQjk uotkr cNM+ksa dh chekjhA

dqDdqV jksx& jkuh [ksr] dqDdqV 'khryk jksx] if{k;ksa dk 'osrjDrk.kq tfVyrk jksx] eSjDl jksx ,oaxecksjksa jksx dk dkj.k] y{k.k] funku] jksdFkke rFkk fpfdRlkA

lwdj jksx& lwdj Toj rFkk lwdj dkyjkA

'oku jksx& 'oku fMLVsEij] ikohZjksx] jscht] rFkk ekuo LokLF; ls lEcU/kA

i'kq yksd LokLFk& tquhfll ,oa tquhfVd jksx

i'kq fpfdRlk /keZ'kkL=& i'kq jksx ds jksdFkke rFkk i'kq ds xq.kksa dks lq/kkjus ds fy, fu;e ,oa vf/kfu;eA

i'kq fpfdRlk & fof/kd ijh{k.k gsrq uewuk ysus ds fy, lkexzh rFkk fof/k;k¡A

izlkj& izlkj ds fl)kUr

xzkeh.k fdlkuksa dks f'kf{kr djus dh fofHkUu fof/k;kaA

rduhd dk fuekZ.k& mldk LFkkukUrj.k ,oa iqu% ewY;kadu] u;h rduhdds LFkkukUrj.k esa leL;k;sa ,oa ck/kk;saA


f}rh; iz'u i=

lsD'ku & v

i'kq iks"k.k&

lkekU; iks"k.k fopkj/kkjk

mtkZ ,oa izksVhu iks"k.k

[kfut ,oa foVkfeu iks"k.k

gkjeksUl ,oa [kk| ;ksfxdh

[kk| inkFkksZa dk ewY;kadu

tqxkyh ,oa tqxkyh u djus okys i'kqvksa dk iks"k.k] fofHkUu izdkj ds tkuojksa ds iks"kd rRoksa dhvko';drkvksa dh iwfrZ] fofHkUu izdkj ds i'kqvksa esa iks"kd rRoksa dk ikpu] mikip;u ,oa vo'kks"k.k] pjkbZdh vknrsa ,oa [kk| vUr% xzg.kA

i'kq 'kjhj fØ;k foKku& i'kq 'kjhj fØ;k fof/k ,oa i'kq/ku mRiknu] o`f) nj ,oa i'kq mRiknu] ukM+h ,oagkjeksu fu;a=d fof/k] fofHkUu izdkj ds i'kqvksa ,oa taxyh tkuojksa ds ikpu ra=ksa dh 'kkjhfjd fØ;kAiztuu] nqX/k lzko ,oa v.Mk nsus dh 'kkjhfjd fØ;k] oh;Z ds xq.k] laj{k.k rFkk d`f=e xHkkZ/kkuA

lsD'ku & c

i'kq mRiknu ,oa izcU/k& fofHkUu oxksZa ds i'kq ds j[kj[kko ,oa izcU/ku& xksoa'k] HkSal] cdjh] HksM+] lwdj]dqDdqV] taxyh tkuojksa dk j[k j[kko ,oa izcU/ku] i'kq ,oa taxyh tkuojksa dk lw[ks] ck<+ ,oa izkd`frdvkinkvksa esa f[kykbZ fiykbZ ,oa izcU/kuA i'kq /ku ,oa muls mRiUu inkFkksZa dk oxhZdj.k] Js.khdj.k ,oafoi.ku taxyh tkuojksa dks o'k esa djus ds fy;s iz'kkUrd dk iz;ksxA

nqX/k ,oa nqX/k inkFkZ& nqX/k& dPps nw/k dk ,d=hdj.k] ;krk;kr O;oLFkk ,oa xq.koÙkk ijh{k.k] nw/k dkik'pqjhdj.k] ekudhdj.k ,oa lkexzhdj.k] iqufuZfeZr ,oa iqulZa;ksftr nw/kA

nqX/k izkS|ksfxdh& nqX/k mRiknd tSls eD[ku] ?kh] [kk svk] NSuk] pht] l?kfur] 'kq"d nw/k]vkbLØhe] ;kstgVh] ngh ,oa Jh[k.M dk mRiknu] izlaLdj.k] Hk.Mkj.k] forj.k ,oa foi.ku rFkkmudk ijh{k.k ,oa Js.khdj.k] fofHkUu nqX/k inkFkZ dk ch0vkbZ0,l0 fof'k"Vdj.k] fof/kd ekud] xq.kfu;a=.k ,oa iks"kf.kd xq.k&

nqX/k mitkr izkS|ksfxdh& NkN mRikn] NkN] nqX/k 'kdZjk ,oa dslhuA

m|ku foKku & ^^Qy ,oa jksi.k Qlysa**

iz'ui=&izFke

[k.M&v

m|ku foKku dh ifjHkk"kk ,oa bldh 'kk[kk;saA Hkkjr esa Qy ,oa jksi.k Qlyksa ds egRo ,oadk;Z{ks=A fofHkUu Qyksa dk {ks=Qy ,oa mRiknuA Qyksa dk HkkSxksfyd oxhZdj.kA iks"k.k okfVdkA ckxokuhdh ;kstuk ,oa LFkkiukA l?ku&jksi.kA izo/kZu fof/k;k¡ vkSj ewyo`Ùk ds iz;ksxA lw{e izo/kZuA ikS/k'kkykizcU/kuA l/kkbZ ,oa dVkbZ fof/k;k¡A QyksRiknu esa o`f) fu;kedksa dk iz;ksxA

[k.M&c

eq[; Qyksa dh [ksrh gsrq lexz d`f"k fØ;k;sa & vke] dsyk] uhcw iztkfr] vaxwj] ve:n] yhph]iihrk ,oa ekbuj Qy& vuUukl] vukj] csy] vk¡oyk] djkSank] Qkylk vkSj dVgy rFkk jksi.k] Qlysa&dkWQh] pk; ,oa ukfj;yA Qy laj{k.k ds fl)kUrA tSe] tsyh ,oa ekeZysM ds cukus dh fof/k;k¡A

m|ku foKku & ^^lfCt;k¡ rFkk vyad`r Qlysa**

iz'ui=&f}rh;

[k.M & v

lfCt;k¡ rFkk vyad`r Qlyksa dk egRo ,oa dk;Z{ks=A lCth okfVdkA lfCt;ksa dkoxhZdj.k] {ks=] mRiknu ,oa lexz d`f"k fØ;k;sa& VekVj] cSxu] fepZ] fHkUMh] rjcwt] [kjcwtk]ykSdh] djSyk] ikrxksHkh] QwyxksHkh] I;kt] yglqu] jktek] eVj] vkyw] lwju] xktj] ewyh] pkSykbZ ,oa

lsD'ku & c

i'kq jksx &

izfrj{kk ,oa Vhdkdj.k &

xk;] HkSal] HksM+] cdjh ,oa taxyh tkuojksa ds jksx &

dqDdqV jksx&

lwdj jksx&

'oku jksx&

i'kq yksd LokLFk&

i'kq fpfdRlk /keZ'kkL=&

i'kq fpfdRlk &

izlkj&

rduhd dk fuekZ.k&


f}rh; iz'u i=

lsD'ku & v

i'kq iks"k.k&

lkekU; iks"k.k fopkj/kkjk

mtkZ ,oa izksVhu iks"k.k

[kfut ,oa foVkfeu iks"k.k

gkjeksUl ,oa [kk| ;ksfxdh

[kk| inkFkksZa dk ewY;kadu

i'kq 'kjhj fØ;k foKku&

lsD'ku & c

i'kq mRiknu ,oa izcU/k&

nqX/k ,oa nqX/k inkFkZ&

nqX/k izkS|ksfxdh&

nqX/k mitkr izkS|ksfxdh&

m|ku foKku & ^^Qy ,oa jksi.k Qlysa**

iz'ui=&izFke

[k.M&v

[k.M&c

m|ku foKku & ^^lfCt;k¡ rFkk vyad`r Qlysa**

iz'ui=&f}rh;

[k.M & v

ikydA lCth mRiknu esa o`f) fu;kedksa dk iz;ksxA lfCt;ksa dh tSfod [ksrhA lfCt;ksa dh lajf{kr[ksrhA csekSle lCth mRiknuA QVhZxslu] lCth laj{k.k ds fl)kUr] lfCt;ksa dks lq[kkuk]futZyhdj.k vkSj fMCckcUnhA

[k.M&c

vyad`r ckxokuh ,oa iq"iksRiknu dk egRoA vyad`r ckxokuh ds rjhds ,oa HkkxA 'kksHkkdkjhm|ku esa o`{kksa] >kfM+;ksa] yrkvksa] ike] ljl ,oa ekSleh iq"iksa dk iz;ksxA xqykc] pesyh] dkjuslu] xsUnk]jtuhxU/kk vkSj XysfM;ksyl ds mRiknu esa lexz d`f"k fØ;k;saA vyad`r ikS/kksa esa o`f) fu;kedksa dkiz;ksxA ywt] dV ,oa 'kq"d iq"i ¼MªkbZ iq"i½A vkS"k/kh;] lqxaf/kr vkSj elkys okys ikS/ksA

i;kZoj.k foKku

izFke iz'u&i=

[k.M&v

& i;kZoj.k foKku dk ewy] ifjHkk"kk] vFkZ] lEHkkfor dk;Z{ks=] i;kZoj.k foKku ds v/;;u dk egRoA

& i;kZoj.kh; [k.M% HkweaMy] LFkyeaMy] tyeaMy] ok;qeaMy ,oa thoeaMy] muds foLrkj] la;kstu rFkkmuds chp ikjLifjd lEcU/kA

& i;kZoj.kh; ,oa ifjfLFkfrdh; fl)kUr] ifjfLFkfrdh; 'kCndks"k rFkk ifjHkk"kk;sa laxBu dk Lrj]vkokl ,oa fup] O;fDrxr] iztkfr] vkcknh] leqnk;] thokse rFkk ifjfLFkfrdh; ra= dk laxBuA

& ifjfLFkfrdh; vuqØe] tyh; rFkk e#LFkyh; vuqØe] ijkdk"Bh; o vuqØfed leqnk;ksa dh vo/kkj.kkA

& bdksra= dh vo/kkj.kk] tSfod ,oa vtSfod ?kVd] bdksra= ds lajpukRed ,oa dkfeZd xq.k]mRikndrk ÅtkZ izokg] [kk| J`a[kyk] [kk| tky rFkk ifjfLFkfrdh; ¼fijkfeM~l½ lwph LrEHk]LFkyh; o tyh; bdksrU=A

& dkcZu] ukbVªkstu ,oa QkLQksjl ds HkwtSfod & jlk;fud pØ ,oa tyh; pØA

[k.M&c

& izkd`frd lalk/ku & ty] blds lzksr] lrgh ,oa Hkwty] ty dk oSf'od forj.k ,oa mi;ksx] ty=klnh ,oa laj{k.k j.kuhfrA

& Hkkjr dh e`nk ,oa Hkwlalk/ku o muds mi;ksx] laj{k.k j.kuhfr] lefxzr Hkwfe mi;ksx dh ;kstukA

& [kfut ,oa inkFkZ & muds mi;ksx ,oa [kuu ifjpkyuA

& Hkkjr ds ou lalk/ku] ou iz{ks=] lkewfgd ,oa lkekftd okfudh] ouhdj.k dk;ZØe] ou laj{k.k ,DV,oa jk"Vªh; laj{k.k j.kuhfrA

& tSo fofo/krk vkSj bldk egRo] dhLVksu iztkfr vkSj gkV LikV] tSo fofo/krk dk ekiu] tSo fofo/krkgzkl ds dkjd] tSofofo/krk dk laj{k.k&Lox`gh ,oa cfgx`gh laj{k.k] tSfod fofo/krk ,DVA

& Hkkjrds oU;tho vHk;kj.k o jk"Vªh; m|ku] oU;tho laj{k.k vf/kfu;e] lajf{kr thoksfLQ;jdh vo/kkj.kk

& iquuZohfur ¼fjU;woscqy½ o viquuZohfur ¼uku fjU;woscqy½ mtkZ lzksr o mudk b"Vrehdj.kA

i;kZoj.k foKku

f}rh; iz'u&i=

[k.M&v

& i;kZoj.kh; fo?kVu] e`nk vijnu] ouksUewyu] lw[kk] ck<+ vkSj e#LFkyhdj.k& izfØ;k;sa] dkjd omuds iz'keu ds mik;A

& i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k& ok;q iznw"k.k&Jksr] ikS/kksa] tkuojksa] euq";ksa o Lekjdksa ij muds izHkko vkSj mudsfu;a=.k ds rjhds] ok;q xq.koÙkk ekud

& ty iznw"k.k ds izdkj o eq[; Jksr] tyh; rU= ds HkkSfrd] jlk;fud o tSfod xq.k/keZ ij tyiznw"kdksa ds izHkko] ;wVªksQhds'ku dh izfØ;k o fu;a=.k] ty ds iznw"kdksa ls iSnk gksus okyh chekfj;k¡A

& e`nk iznw"kdksa ds izdkj o eq[; Jksr] e`nk iznw"kdksa ds e`nk dh moZjrk o tSfod xq.kksa ij izHkkoA

& /ofu iznw"k.k ds izeq[k Jksr] /ofu izznw"k.k dk ekuo LokLF; ij izHkkoA

& ekuo tfur o vU; tSfod lfØ;rk;sa& pjkbZ] tyu] [kuu bR;kfn rFkk mudk d`f"k ,oa i;kZoj.k ijizHkko] vkS|ksfxdhdj.k dk i;kZoj.kh; izHkkoA

& oSf'od i;kZoj.kh; leL;kvksa dk ifjp; tSls vEy o"kkZ] vkstksu ijr {kj.k] gfjr x`g xSlsl rFkkoSf'od rkiu vkSj tyok;q ifjorZuA

& Bksl vif'k"B fuLrkj.k o bldk i;kZoj.k ij izHkko o izcU/ku] ?kjsyw vkS|ksfxd rFkk 'kgjh iz{ks= esaBksl vif'k"B izcU/ku] vif'k"B ls mtkZ mRiknuA

[k.M&c

& i;kZoj.kh; izcU/ku dk ifjp; ,oa lEHkkfor dk;Z{ks=] i;kZoj.kh; uhfr;k¡ vkSj ikfjfLFkfrdh ds /keZA

& fVdkm fodkl dh ewy vo/kkj.kk] vkS|ksfxd ifjfLFkfrdh] iqu'pØh; m|ksxA

& i;kZoj.k ds ewy fu;e ,oa uhfr;k¡ tSls i;kZoj.k laj{k.k] ,DV] ok;q ,DV] ty ,DVA

& jk"Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vh; Lrj ij i;kZoj.k laj{k.k gsrq j.kuhfr;k¡ rFkk muds laLFkkuA

& tula[;k vkSj i;kZoj.k] okgu {kerk dh vo/kkj.kk vkSj tula[;k fu;a=.kA

& izkd`frd foink;sa] pØokr] co.Mj] HkwdEi] fgeL[kyu] HkwL[kyu o Tokykeq[kh ds dkj.k o izHkko]vkinkvksa dh psrkouh 'keuhdj.k] rS;kfj;k¡ ,oa izcU/kuA

& i;kZoj.kh; f'k{kk ,oa tkx`fr] iquZLFkkiu] ikfjfLFkfrdh dh vo/kkj.kk ,oa iz;ksxA

& Hkkjr esa i;kZoj.k izcU/ku gsrq rRdkfyd pquSfr;k¡ ,oa izkFkfedrk;saA

lfpo

[k.M&c

i;kZoj.k foKku

izFke iz'u&i=

[k.M&v

[k.M&c

& izkd`frd lalk/ku &

& [kfut ,oa inkFkZ &

i;kZoj.k foKku

f}rh; iz'u&i=

[k.M&v

& i;kZoj.k iznw"k.k&

& ekuo tfur o vU; tSfod lfØ;rk;sa&

[k.M&c

lfpo