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mTargmneli da redaqtori: guri Sengelaia, xaTuna TurmaniZe

m. m. volineci

Pprofesia _ operatori

interesTa mravalferovnebidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia, xmamaRla vTqvaT, rom

dadamiwasa Tu kosmosSi ar darCenila mniSvnelovani movlena, romelic kinosa da

televiziis YyuradRebis centrSi ar moxvedrila _ iqneba es politikuri,

samecniero_ popularuli, kulturuli Tu samewarmeo procesi. Ffoto, kino,

satelevizio Tu dokumentur nawarmoebebSi SegviZlia, davtkbeT Cvens irgvliv

arsebuli samyaros auwereli silamaziT, ciuri planetebis grandiozulobiT Tu

umcires mikrobTa samyaroTi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom rig seriozul samecniero TemebSi kino da televizia kvle-

vis warmoebisTvis erT-erT aucilebel instrumentad iqca, romelTa gareSec

SeuZlebeli iqneboda ama Tu im aRmoCenis gakeTeba. marTalia am SemTxvevaSi

gamoiyeneba gadaRebis specialuri meTodebi, magram am meTodebs am SemTxvevaSic

operatori asrulebs!

televiziis interesTa sfero Janruli TvalsazrisiT amouwuravia _ aq gvxvde-

ba rogorc informaciul-analitikuri gadacemebis sxvadasxva saxeoba, aseve

samecniero- SemecnebiTi programebi da dokumenturi filmebi, koncertebi da

musikaluri Souebi, Teatraluri speqtaklebi Tu mxatvruli filmebi. satelevizio

nawarmoebis avtorebi mayurebels ukavSirdebian teleekranis saSualebiT. swored

teleekranidan gvawvdian avtorebi informacias garkveuli movlenis Sesaxeb da

amisaTvis iyeneben xmas da gamosaxulebas.

televizia es aris audiovizualuri xelovneba. Tumca, am bolo dros, aq

dominirebs sityva. gadacemaTa umravlesoba, romelTac miniWebuli aqvT Toq-Sous

statusi, Tavisi arsiT nel-nela emsgavseba radiogadacemas. Mmas SeiZleba vusminoT

daxuWuli TvalebiT. am SemTxvevaSi maT avtorebs, mgoni, aviwydebaT rom

televizia _ cqeradi xelovnebaa.

Nnebismieri satelevizio produqtis SeqmnaSi, iqneba es siuJeti, narkvevi,

gadacema Tu filmi, monawileobs SemoqmedebiTi koleqtivi: reJisori, operatori,

scenaristi, mxatvari da a.S. miuxedavad imisa, rom operatori ZiriTadad muSaobs

garkveuli adamianebis miTiTebiT, mayurebeli ekranidan uyurebs swored imas, rac

dainaxa, SeigrZno da daafiqsira operatorma. Ffilmis Tu gadacemis gamomsaxvelo-

biTi nawili, romlis avtoric gaxlavT operatori, warmoadgens umniSvnelovanes

elements, riTac ganisazRvreba nawarmoebis mxatvruli Rirebuleba. Aamitom

operatoris profesias udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs satelevizio Tu kino cxovreba-

Si. “ erTxel nanaxi sjobs, aTasjer mosmenils’’ am uZveles andazas dRes mecnieru-

li dasabuTeba gaaCnia. Mmecnierebma daamtkices, rom Cvens irgvliv arsebuli

samyaros Sesaxeb informaciis 80% Cven viRebT mxedvelobis meSveobiT. xolo kino

da televizia mayurebels esaubreba swored gamosaxulebis saSualebiT. aqedan

gamomdinareobs bunebrivi moTxovnileba operatoris xarisxiani da maRalkvali-

ficiuri momzadebisa.

Nnebismieri satelevizio gadacemis Tu mxatvruli filmis momzadebis procesi,

rogorc wesi, scenariT iwyeba. miiRebs ra mza scenars, reJisori yuradRebiT

ekideba rogorc momavali filmis dramaturgiul Rirsebas, aseve literaturul

enas, mxatvrulobas. arc Tu iSviTad, reJisorebi Tavad weren scenars momavali

nawarmoebisTvis.

reJisori gaxlavT ZiriTadi figura kinoSi, Teatrsa Tu televiziaSi, romel-

ic saTaveSi udgas da sworad warmarTavs SemoqmedebiTi koleqtivis muSaobas. is

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unda iyos mravalmxriv ganaTlebuli da, amavdroulad, RvTiuri niWiT dajildove-

buli pirovneba. Mmetad mniSvnelovania, hqondes cxovrebiseuli gamocdileba. Mmas

TanamSromloba uwevs sxvadasxva SemoqmedebiTi profesiis adamianebTan: scena-

ristTan, operatorTan, mxatvarTan, kompozitorTan, memontaJesTan, msaxiobTan an

telewamyvanTan da a.S. aqedan gamomdinare, reJisoris “palitra’’ metad mravalfe-

rovania da igi valdebulia, kargad icnobdes am “palitris” TiToeul fers.

*scenari es aris literaturuli safuZveli nebismieri filmisTvis, iqneba es 15

wamiani reklama Tu 200 seriani sapnis opera. scenari damouikidebeli dramaturgi-

uli nawarmoebia. Aamitom dramaturgis talantze bevradaa damokidebuli

momavali filmis mxatvruli Rirebuleba. Aarsebobs cudi filmebi da gadacemebi,

romlebic Seqmnilia kargi scenaris mixedviT, magram ar arsebobs maRalmxatvruli

nawarmoebi, romelic dafuZnebulia cud scenarze.

*msaxiobis ostatoba. reJisori valdebulia, flobdes msaxiobis ostatobas.

Mman Zirfesvianad da misaxvedrad, gasagebad unda ganumartos msaxiobs davaleba,

xolo aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi uCvenos kidec vizualurad rolis Sesrulebis

xerxi. DamasTan, es axsna-ganmarteba imdenad taqtianad unda miawodos msaxiobs,

rom ar awyeninos mas.

*gamosaxuleba. gamomsaxvelobiTi xelovnebis istoria reJisorisTvis unda

iyos rogorc gadaSlili wigni. televizia gaxlavT audiovizualuri xelovneba,

magram plastiuri gamosaxulebis miReba ekranze SeuZlebelia, Tuki ar vicnobT

msoflio saxviT da skulpturul xelovnebas, ar vecnobiT da viTavisebT

novaciebs foto da kino industriaSi. Ees codna aucilebelia reJisorisTvis,

raTa igi Tanabar mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndes _ mxatvarTan da operatorTan, raTa

sworad dausaxos maT gamomsaxvelobiT- mxatvruli amocanebi da profesionalu-

rad Seafasos maTi Sesruleba.

*musika. reJisori valdebulia kargad esmodes da grZnobdes musikas. xolo

musika es mTeli samyaroa. muSaobs ra kompozitorTan an musikalur gamformebel-

Tan, man zustad unda miuTiTos, rogori musika unda daiweros an SeirCes

filmisTvis. sabolood, swored reJisorma unda Seafasos, miesadageba Tu ara es

Tu is musikaluri fragmenti mis nawarmoebs.

*montaJi. xelovnebis sxva saxeobebisgan gansxvavebiT, kinosa da televizias

gaaCnia unikaluri SesaZlebloba _ manipulireba moaxdinos droSi, moqmedebasa da

arealSi. flobs ra montaJis xelovnebas, reJisors saSualeba eZleva, SekumSos,

ganavrcos, daanawevros dro da areali da Seqmnas ekranze misTvis saWiro tempi da

ritmi.

Ddokumenturi filmis reJisorma dawvrilebiT unda Seiswavlos masala, romlis

safuZvelzec unda Seqmnas telenawarmoebi, gaecnos mis gmirebs, maT muSaobas da

cxovrebs. reJisoris komunikabeluroba, wrfeli damokidebuleba filmis gmirebTan

aucileblad iZleva sasurvel Sedegs. aseTi reJisoris xelmZRvanelobiT gakeTebul

gadacemaSiAadamianebi kameris win gacilebiT gaxsnilebi arian da Tavs komfor-

tulad grZnoben. simarTle, bunebrioba da gulaxdiloba _ swored amas iTxovs

mayurebeli telenawarmoebidan.

Ffilmis gadaRebis momzadebisas reJisorma mxatvarTan da operatorTan erTad

guldasmiT unda SearCios bunebrivi interieri da ganaTeba. Pparalelurad xdeba

msaxiobTa mowveva kastingze, mxatvari qmnis dekoraciis eskizebs, ikereba

kostiumebi, irCeva rekviziti, iwereba musika da a.S. literaturuli scenaris

safuZvelze reJisori wers sareJisoro scenars, ris Semdegac mxatvarTan da

operatorTan erTad keTdeba kadrireba, ixateba momavali filmis TiToeuli

kadri, muSavdeba mizanscena da gamosaxulebis masStabi. kadrireba gaxlavT

operatoris eqsplikaciis safuZveli, sadac operatori winaswar gegmavs (moxazavs)

TiToeuli epizodisa da mTlianad filmis mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT gadawyve-

tas. eqsplikaciaSi mieTiTeba tonaloba, qoloriti, kompozicia, optika,

operatoruli xerxebi, damxmare teqnika dea a.S.

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Yyoveli epizodis gadawyveta xdeba gansazRvruli stilisturi maneriT, es

iqneba gawonasworebuli kompozicia Tu dinamiuri kamera, saerTo xedze gaTvli-

li mizanscenebi, Sidakadruli montaJi Tu epizodi, romelic eqvemdebareba

gadaRebisSemdgom montaJs da Sedgeba saerTo, saSualo da msxvili xedebisgan.

Ffriad mniSvnelovania, reJisori kargad erkveodes operatoris ostatobaSi.

Mmxolod am SemTxvevaSi SeeZleba mas, misces konkretuli miTiTebebi ama Tu im

kadris, epizodis Tu saerTod filmis gamomsaxvelobiTi amocanebis Sesasruleb-

lad. amasTan, arc Tu umniSvneloa, ras SemogvTavazebs operatori reJisoruli

koncefciis garda. urTierTTanamSromlobis Sedegad ki ibadeba momavali filmis

proeqti. TiToeul kadrze dawvrilebiT mieTiTeba yvela aucilebeli komponenti,

rac saWiro iqneba am kadris gadasaRebad. Ees aris msaxiobTa da statistTa

raodenoba da vinaoba, teqnikuri saSualebebis CamonaTvali, ganaTebis xelsawyoe-

bis ganTavseba da a.S. swored aseTi SemoqmedebiTi da saorganizacio samuSaoebis

Catarebis Semdeg ityvis frangi reJisori rene kleri Semdeg frazas: “ Cemi filmi

mzad aris, darCa mxolod gadaReba”.

rasakvirvelia gadasaReb moedanze, sadac mimdinareobs SemoqmedebiTi procesi,

adgili aqvs proeqtidan garkveul gadaxvevebs, rac savsebiT normaluria. Tumca

filmis ZiriTad safuZvlad mainc rCeba reJisoris mier gakeTebuli kadrireba.

xSirad nayofieri SemoqmedebiTi TanamSromloba reJisorsa da operators

Soris filmidan filmze grZeldeba.

reJisoris SemoqmedebiTi waxnagebis vrcel CamonaTvalSi operators mxolod

erTi xazi uWiravs, Tumca operatoruli saSualebebis arsenali, risi meSveobiTac

reJisori da operatori axorcielebs SemoqmedebiT Canafiqrs, saocrad didia.

operatoris profesia dafuZnebulia codnasa da praqtikul gamocdilebaze

iseTi datvirTuli cnebebisa, rogoricaa kompozicia da sinaTle, aseve teqnikuri

disciplinebi.

*teqnikuri disciplinebi: optika, eleqtroenergia, ganaTebis teqnika, eqspono-

metria, fermcodneoba, eleqtroteqnika, gadamRebi aparatura, damxmare saopera-

toro teqnika.

satelevizio teqnika dRiTidRe ixveweba. Aam procesSi CarTulia uamravi

eleqtosaqonlis mwarmoebeli firma da specialisti. dResdReobiT videokameris

eleqtrosistema did daxmarebas uwevs operators SemoqmedebiTi samuSaoebis

CatarebaSi da uadvilebs Sromas. magaliTad, diafragmis avtomaturi gansazRvra,

ramac faqtiurad Caanacvla eqsponometri. Aaseve operatoris survilis mixedviT

advilad icvleba da narCundeba safokuso manZili gadasaReb obieqtamde. Eeleq-

truli sistema generirebas ukeTebs cisartyelas yvela fers, marTalia jerjero-

biT cota uxeSad, magram parametrebi TandaTan umjobesdeba. Mmodernizacia

ganicada gamosaxulebis konservirebis procesmac, magnituri lenti adgils uTmobs

kompaqtdiskebs, sadac xdeba gamosaxulebisa da xmis cifruli Cawera. Kkompaqt-

diskebis gamoyeneba moxmarebidan agdebs lentdamWimi meqanizmebis aucileblobas

da masTan dakavSirebul usiamovnebebs. D

damxmare teqnika _ sxvadasxva simZlavris gamnaTebeli xelsawyoebi, urika

relsebsa Tu saburavebze, saoperatoro amweebi, romlebic gansazRvraven

gamosaxulebis stabilurobas _ TandaTan ixveweba da umjobesdeba. amasTan, xSirad

maT modernizaciaSi CarTulni arian Tavad operatorebi.

gadasaRebi da damxmare teqnikis srulfasovnad floba _ operators sWirdeba

ara misi formaluri moxmarebisaTvis, aramed Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi Canafiqris

gansaviTareblad da gansaxorcieleblad.

Aaucilebelia, xazgasmiT aRiniSnos, rom kompozicia da Suqi araviTar teqni-

kur srulyofas ar emorCileba, isini mTlianad damokidebulni arian operatoris

niWsa da codnaze, raTa man dainaxos, igrZnos da gadmosces ekranze SemoqmedebiTi

Canafiqri. amasTan, operatoris profesia operatorisgan moiTxovs Tavisi

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profesiis swavlas da srulyofas mTeli sicocxlis manZilze. rogorc we-

si,Ooperatoris ostatobis aTviseba xdeba kompoziciis kanonebis SeswavliT.

K

kompozicia

kompozicia es aris mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi iaraRi, romlis meSveobiT qmnis

igi gamokveTil, srulyofil nawarmoebs, romelsac erT mTlianobaSi mohyavs

(Tavs uyris) gamosaxulebis sxvadasxva nawilebi da mayureblis yuradRebas

warmarTavs Temis gaxsnisTvis aucilebel kalapotSi. TiToeuli kadris kompozi-

ciaSi reJisori da operatori amyareben garkveul wesrigs nawarmoebis mTavari

elementebis aRqmisTvis, umorCileben damatebiT elementebs mTavar elementebs,

riTac mayureblis yuradRebis koncentrireba xdeba swored am mTavarze.

“arsebobs saerTo xedva, da amasTan arsebobs mxatvruli xedva. Mmxatvruli

xedvis gareSe xelovneba ver iarsebebs.” – v.favorski.

“kompozicia es aris mxatvris SemoqmedebiTi procesi, sakuTari azris sxva-

TaTvis gadacemis xelovneba”- mile.

Kkompoziciis kanonad unda CaiTvalos ucilobeli gageba imisa, Tu ra uswreb-

da win asaxul moments da rogor gagrZeldeba igi, ra SeiZleba mohyves mas.

suraTis, kadris fotografiis nebismieri wami asaxavs moZraobis nakadidan

daWeril moments. es moZraoba fotografiasa da mxatvrul tiloze danawevrebu-

lia. videorgolSi ki seleqciurad aris awyobili kadrebis jaWviT da sulac ar

aris aucilebeli, zustad asaxavdes moZraobis process.

cxovrebis romelime fragmentis foto Tu mxatvrul suraTze aRbeWdvisas,

xelovani irCevs swored iseT moments, romelic gansakuTrebuli siZlieriT

imoqmedebs mayureblis emociur aRqmaze ( emo-

ciebze).

kadri

dResdReobiT televiziaSi gamoiyeneba kadris

formati Semdegi SefardebiT 4:3 (1,33:1). Ees Tana-

fardoba axlosaa Lleonardo da vinCis mier Semo-

Rebul cnebasTan “ oqros kveTa” _ 4:2,5. igi ga-

moiTvleba Semdegi formuliT

a/x=x/a-x. sadac a –mocemuli naWeria, formatis si-

gane, x- ki kadris saZiebeli simaRle.

X aris saSualo ariTmetikuli naWris saerTo

sigrZesa da narCens Soris (a-x). gverdebis Tanafar-

doba _ 4:2,5 an 8:5 an 16:10 aris swored oqros kveTa.

Cvens cxovrebaSi Zalian bevri nivTia Semosuli msgavsi TanafardobiT, ra-

sac verc ki vamCnevT. magaliTisTvis gamodgeba rveulis, Cemodnis, asoebis

proporciebi.

kinematografiaSi gamoiyeneba sxva formatis kadrebic.

*farToekraniani kadri, romelic miiReba anamorfotuli optikuri wana-

zardisgan _ 1,85:1 an 2,35:1.

*farToformatuli kadri (lenti-70mm) _ 2,62:1.

Kkadris gverdebis, kideebis saukeTeso Tanafardobis Zieba aixsneba imiT,

rom Cven samyaros ori TvaliT vuyurebT da danaxul sivrces horizonta-

lurad ufro didi masStabiT aRviqvamT, vidre vertikalurad.

rodesac T. edisoni eZiebda kadris formats kinematografisTvis, man “ga-

daaTvaliera” daaxloebiT 255 mxatvruli tilo. maTi umravlesoba jdeboda

formatSi, romelic axlos iyo oqros kveTasTan. Dda bolos SerCeul iqna

kadri siganisa da simaRlis TanafardobiT 8:5.

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mogvianebiT xmis “gaCenis” gamo, saWiro gaxda kadridan gamoyofiliyo gark-

veuli nawili xmis bilikisaTvis da kadrmac miiRo dRevandeli formati 4:3.

amasTan ukve damuSavebulia kadris formati 16:9, rac miaxloebulia oqros kveTis

parameterTan 16:10. es aris umaRlesi simkveTris mqone satelevizio formati, sadac

xazebis sixSire Seadgens 1250. Tumca teqnikuri revolucia grZeldeba da albaT,

xval kidev axal sityvas ityvis igi tele-kino industriaSi.

Aaqedan gamomdinare, saqme gvaqvs kadris universalur formatTan da mxatvre-

bisgan gansxvavebiT, misi Secvla ar ZalgviZs.

Ees formati unda pasuxobdes garkveul moTxovnebs:

1) kadris suraTul sibrtyeze kargad unda iyos ganTavsebuli aqtioruli

mizanscenebi rogorc dekoraciebSi, aseve naturaze.

2) kadrSi unda “jdebodes” saerTo, saSualo da msxvili xedebi.

3) Kkadris formatSi warmatebulad unda iqnas komponirebuli qalaqisa da

soflis peizaJebi.

4) Kkadris formati saSualebas unda iZleodes, gadaReba iwarmoos rogorc

stacionaluri, aseve moZravi kameriT.

5)Dda bolos, formatma unda uzrunvelyos mayureblis mier rogorc calkeuli

kadris saukeTeso aRqma, aseve mTeli filmis gamomsaxvelobiT-montaJuri

Sinaarsisa, romelic uamravi samontaJoO kadrisgan Sedgeba.

Ppraqtika gviCvenebs, rom dRevandeli formati akmayofilebs yvela zemoTCa-

moTvlil moTxovnas.

Kkadris Semadgenloba es aris uwyvetad ganviTarebadi qmedeba. gamosaxuleba

Tavis TavSi iTvaliswinebs, itevs, rogorc literaturis TxrobiT Sinaarss, aseve

saxviTi xelovnebis plastikas. anu moTxrobas da Cvenebas. TiToeul kadrs unda

hqondes zusti azri_ gansazRvruli Sinaarsi, mayureblisaTvis advilad aRsaqmeli.

Ddidi mwerlis mier dawerili frazis mTavari Rirebuleba mdgomareobs sityvaTa

zust SerCevaSi azris gadmosacemad da am sityvebis yvelaze gamomxatvelad,

mravlismTqmelad ganTavsebaSi. Aanalogiurad, kadris Rirebuleba damokidebulia

komponentTa sworad, naTlad SerCevaze, maT gamomsaxvelad ganTavsebaze. Aam

gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebis saSualebiT gadaecema mayurebels reJisorisa da

operatoris Canafiqri.

Ooperatoris profesiaSi “kadris kompoziciis” cneba garkveulwilad gansxvav-

deba mxatvris tilosTan dakavSirebul kompoziciis cnebisgan.

Mmxatvari Tavisuflad operirebs garesamyaroSi arsebuli sagnebiT, igi TviT-

neburad, Tavisuflad aTavsebs maT sakuTari naxatis kompoziciaSi. Mmas SeuZlia

“gadaitanos” an saerTod gaaqros saxli, xe da sxva obieqtebi, raTa miiRos ufro

STambeWdavi kompozicia. Mmas SeuZlia, raime movlena an warmosaxvis sagani

tiloze gadmoitanos mxolod sakuTar maxsovrobasa da fantaziaze dayrdnobiT.

suraTis Seqmnisas SeuZlia gaaerTianos mravali dRis dakvirvebis Sedegi, SearCios

ufro saintereso ganaTeba da feri, gamoiyenebs ra winaswar gakeTebul monaxazebs

da etiudebs.

operatori, romelic asaxavs dadgmul kompozicias, portrets, naturmorts,

mravalfigurul scenas, aseve Tavisufalia Tavis SemoqmedebiT muSaobaSi. Mmas,

rogorc mxatvars, SeuZlia, SemoqmedebiTad gadaancvlos obieqtebi kompoziciur

velze, raTa miiRos ukeTesi gamosaxuleba. Tumca, roca saqme gvaqvs peizaJis an

bunebrivi interieris gadaRebasTan, mxatvrisgan gansxvavebiT, operatori

moklebulia msgavs Tavisuflebas. am SemTxvevaSi mas mxolod isRa rCeba, SearCios

gadaRebis saukeTeso wertili, CanafiqrisTvis saWiro ganaTeba, daelodos

atmosferuli pirobebis saTanado mdgomareobas. Mxolod amis Semdeg SeuZlia mas

dasaxuli amocanis ganxorcieleba.

Kkidev ufro SezRudulia operatori Tavis qmedebaSi reportaJuli gadaRebis

dros. movlena mimdinareobs amindisa da ganaTebis damoukideblad. amis miuxedavad,

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operatorma orientireba unda moaxdinos da SeZlos, gadaiRos movlena kompozi-

ciurad da ganaTebis mxrivac gamomsaxvelobiTad.

Kkadris komponirebisas, umorCilebs ra Tavis muSaobas ekranze gamosaxulebis

miRebis saorganizacio sakiTxebs, operatorma ramdenime amocana unda gadaWras

Tanadroulad:

1)ipovos saukeTeso gadaRebis wertili. es niSnavs, rom ganisazRvros kameris

adgilmdebareobis koordinatebi sami veqtoriT _ manZili obieqtamde, horizon-

taluri da vertikaluri mdebareoba.

2) SearCios optika _ obieqtivis gansazRvruli xedvis kuTxe. Aamazea damokide-

buli ara mxolod saganTa masStaburi Tanafardoba, aramed kadris perspeqtivis

gadmocemis xasiaTi.

3)SearCios obieqtis ganaTeba, riTac uzrunvelyofs, saukeTesod gadmosces

saganTa forma da faqtura.

4) gansazRvros momavali gamosaxulebis feri da Suqtonaluri xasiaTi.

5)gadawyvitos romeli saoperatoro xerxi gamoiyenos ama Tu im kadris gada-

saRebad_ statiuri xedi, panorama, miaxloeba, daSoreba, moZraobaSi gadaReba da

a.S. amavdroulad unda ganisazRvros am xerxebis temporitmuli parametrebi.

swored operatoris muSaobis Sedegad eqmneba mayurebels warmodgena saganTa

formasa da faqturaze, aseve brtyeli ekranis sivrcobriv siRrmeze.

Kkadri _ es aris filmis, Canaxatis, siuJetis ZiriTadi elementi, misi sa-

damdgmelo, gadasaRebi da samontaJo erTeuli. Ees aris aso, sityva montaJur

frazaSi. TiToeuli kadri warmoadgens erT mTlianobas da misi Sinaarsi sruliad

aris Cateuli masSi.

Kkadris Sinaarsi da daniSnuleba pirdapir ar aris damokidebuli mis adgilmde-

bareobaze montaJur rigSi. Kkadrebis amaTu im kombinaciiT urTierTdakavSirebiT,

SeiZleba, Camoyalibdes absoluturad gansxvavebuli ganwyoba da SegrZneba.

magaliTad, v.pudovkinma erTidaigive kadri (mSvidad mdgomi mamakacis portreti)

gamoiyena or sxvadasxva epizodSi: qorwilis scena da dakrZalvis scena. Dda orive

scenaSi mSvenivrad Cajda. Aasevea mweralic, srulyofili frazis misaRebad igi

mravaljer ucvlis adgils sityvebs. Uufro martivi magaliTi, erTidaigive aso-

bgerebis meSveobiT SegviZlia, SevadginoT azrobrivad absoluturad gansxvavebu-

li sityvebi.

Ggamosaxuleba ekranze _ es aris, pirvel rigSi, informaciis wyaro. Tumca

kadris kompoziciis agebisas operatori zrunavs ara mxolod imaze, rom

mayureblamde miitanos SiSveli informacia. Mmisi Semoqmedebis mTavari kanoni

(azri) aris _ TiToeuli kadris gamomsaxvelobiTi mxare.

Eekranze xarisxiani gamosaxulebis misaRebad operatorma unda gaiTvaliswinos

mTeli rigi moTxovnebi:

*gamokveTili formebi

saganTa gaurkveveli formebi ekranze xels uSlis kadris Sinaarsis an masSi

mimdinare moqmedebis aRqmas. xolo zedmetad garTulebuli formebi, gadatvirTu-

li kompozicia, tonTa da ferTa simWaxe iwvevs mkveTr gaRizianebas da aseve

uSlis xels mayurebels _ aRiqvas kadri.

*kadris Sinaarsis kiTxvadoba

Aarasworia imis mtkiceba, rom mayurebelma Tavad unda airCios yuradRebis

obieqti ekranze nanaxi gamosaxulebidan. roca damTvalierebeli dascqeris

mxatvris namuSevars, igi TviTon gansazRvravs, raze gaamaxvilos yuradReba

Tavdapirvelad, Semdeg saiT gadainacvlos da ra datovos yuradRebis miRma.

Ooperatori kadrSi ise uyris Tavs obieqtebs, rom mayurebelma advilad gaarCios

misi SinaarSi. Nnawarmoebis avtorebis amocanaa _ mTlianad daipyron mayureblis

yuradReba.

7

moqmed gmirTa, saganTa, faqturaTa swrafad Secnoba aucileblobas warmoad-

gens kinosa da televiziaSi, radgan TiToeuli kadri ekranze demonstrirdeba

drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi.

Fferwerul namuSevars, skulpturas, grafikas, fotografias Cven SegviZlia

vuyuroT da vukirkitoT drois SeuzRudavad. xolo kinosa da televiziaSi

“gvaiZuleben” fragmenti aRviqvaT drois gansazRvrul monakveTSi. Kkompozitoris

mier Seqmnili musikaluri fragmentisa da reJisoris mier montirebuli fragmen-

tis Sexameba aq naTlad Cans. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom bevri epizodi montaJdeba

musikis TanxlebiT, anu montaJuri frazis agebisas gamoiyeneba temporitmi da

musikaluri nawarmoebis tonaloba.

rac ufro rTulia kadris kompozicia da Sinaarsi, miT ufro didi dro sWirde-

ba mayurebels misi aRqmisTvis. rac martivi da naTelia kadris Sinaarsi, miT

naklebi dro eTmoba mas ekranze. ra Tqma unda, reJisors ufleba aqvs, gaazrebulad

Seeqmnas qronometraJis mixedviT mokle montaJuri fraza da amavdroulad kadri

iyos metad datvirTuli Sinaarsis mixeedviT. magaliTad, moqmedi gmiri wamierad

SeaRebs kars foiedan saaqto darbazSi, xedavs uamrav Tavmoyril adamians da

maSinve mixuravs kars. Kkadris Sinaarsia _ gviCvenos, rom darbazi savsea da

amisTvis sulac ar aris saWiro dagvanaxos TiToeuli stumris saxe calcalke.

*epizodebisa da Tavad filmebis gamomsaxvelobiT-montaJuri konstruqciis

logikuroba.

Ees, ZiriTadad, reJisoris amocanaa, Tumca, operatori valdebulia, uzrunve-

lyos kadrebs Soris logikuri, optikuri, tonaluri, qolorituli kavSiri,

radgan aseTi kavSirebis ararseboba aiZulebs mayurebels, daZabos Tavisi

warmosaxva, rac iwvevs daRlas da yuradRebis gafantvas.

Kkadri ar unda iyos gadatvirTuli meorexarisxovani detalebiT, kadris

kompoziciuri da Suqtonaluri centri aucileblad unda emTxveodes siuJetur-

azrobriv centrs. Mmayureblis yuradReba swored masze unda iyos koncentrirebu-

li. Mmayureblis yuradRebis dasapyrobad da kadris arsebiTi mniSvnelobisTvis

xazgasasmelad xSirad gamoiyeneba Suqtonaluri aqcenti. anu kadris mTavari

obieqtis simkveTris amaRleba.

amasTan gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom sinaTlis efeqtma ar unda “gadafaros”

figurebi da sagnebi, raTa kadri ar gaxdes monoturi da mosawyeni.

“kompozicia unda iyos daundobeli” _ s.ezenSteini.

Ddidi reJisoris es sityvebi dResac aqtualuria. samwuxarod, Sromatevadi

samuSaoebi, nawilobriv akninebs SemoqmedebiTi muSaobis moTxovnilebas kadris

kompoziciisadmi, misi gamomsaxvelobiTi, mxatvruli safuZvlisadmi.

xSirad vawydebiT arasaTanadod, gauazreblad Tavmoyril kadrebs,

scenebs.kompoziciis “dabinZureba” ki arcTu mcire zians ayenebs epizods da

mTliand films. cxovrebiseuli situaciebis mravalricxovneba, romelic aisaxeba

mxatvrul nawarmoebebSi, warmoSobs kompoziciur gadawyvetaTa mravalsaxeobas.

Tumca, SesaZlebelia, gamovyoT gamosaxulebis gadmocemis xerxebi da meTodebi,

romelTac saerTo saxasiaTo niSnebi gaaCnia. iseT mravlismomcvel disciplinas,

rogoricaa kompozicia,uamravi Sesatyvisi aqvs. ganvixiloT ramdenime maTgani.

M

mdgradi (gawonasworebuli) da aramdgradi (gauwonasworebeli) kompozicia

Mmdgradi kompozicia, Tavisi konstruqciiT, kadrs warmogvidgens rogorc

saswors, sadac gamosaxulebis marjvena da marcxena nawilebi gawonasworebulia.

aseTi kompoziciis dros gamosaxulebis horizontaluri da vertikaluri xazebi

kadris CarCos, napirebis paraleluria (imeorebs).

8

ferweraSi Cven gvxvdeba e.w. daxuruli

kompozicia, rodesac personaJTa moZraoba, Jestebi,

mzera mimarTulia suraTis siRrmisken. Fferweruli

namuSevris fragmentebad danawevrebis dros

(gadaRebisTvis dasakadrireblad) Cven miviRebT

ramdenime Ria kompozicias, rodesac personaJTa

mzera da Jestebi kadris CarCoebs gascildeba, rac

iTvaliswinebs maT momaval montaJs.

Ggawonasworebuli kompoziciis yvelaze naTeli

magaliTia statiuri xedis horizontaluri ageba,

roca horizontalebi imeoreben ra kadris CarCos,

ar gadaikveTeba vertikalebiT, rac aZlierebs sivrcis sifarToves, romelic

kadris CarCos scildeba. Ees SeiZleba iyos Tvaluwvdeneli stepebi an Tovlis

udabnoebi.

kadrSi SeiZleba ganTavsdes statiuri

sagnebi, ganviTardes moZraoba, magram yvela

SemTxvevaSi, es iqneba mSvidi,

gawonasworebuli gamosaxuleba, moklebuli

mkveTr dinamiur maCveneblebs.

Cven viciT, rom ekranze muqi, Savi masa

nacrisferTan SedarebiT aRiqmeba, rogorc

ufro mZime. Aaqedan gamomdinare, TiTqos

martivad vaskvniT, rom kadris marcxena

nawilSi arsebuli muqi masa unda

gawonaswordes an nacrisferi, ruxi masiT an Tanabari zomis muqi masiT. Nnax.2

Mmagram, roogorc aRmoCnda, sinamdvileSi

saqme gacilebiT rTuladaa. Nnax3

Kkaci zis fanjarasTan moZrav matarebelSi.

Mmisi figura muqia, naxevarsilueturi da naTlad

gadawonis kadris marjvena nawils _ fanjaras,

sadac gaielveben xeebi, mindvrebi, Senobebi.

Ffanjara naTelia, msubuqi da “woniT” ver jobnis

kadris marcxena nawils, formalurad ver sjobnis.

sinamdvileSi ki _ fanjaraSi mimdinare moZraoba,

gaelvebuli peizaJebi, mniSvnelovnad

awonasworebs, abalansebs am kadrs.

Semdegi magaliTi. zRvis piras dgas kaci. zRva mSvidia da carieli. Kkaci

iyureba Sors, elodeba navis gamoCenas. Kkompoziciidan Cans, rom kadris marjvena

nawili, sadac kaci dgas, gadatvirTulia da aqedan gamomdinare, kadri TiTqos

gauwonasworebelia (nax4). magram daZabuli molodini, romelic mayurebelzec

gadmodis, warmoadgens faqtors, romelic Caanacvlebs arasakmaris

gamawonasworebel masas kadris marcxena nawilSi. gansazRvros am molodinis

xangrZlivoba, dro _ es reJisoris amocanaa, Tu

navi Zalian male gamoCnda, maSin

mayureblis daZabuloba

arasakmarisi iqneba, magram Tu

molodini Zalian didxans

gagrZelda, maSin daZabuloba

saerTod daecema, radagan

mayurebeli, ubralod, daiRleba

molodiniT.(nax5)

Kkidev erTi magaliTi. Kkadris

marcxena nawilSi ganTavsebulia

9

qali, romlis mzera mimarTulia

marjvniv _ mobibine puris yanisken.

Tavidan gveCveneba, rom kadrSi

wonasworoba daucvelia, radgan qalis

figura aWarbebs kadis marjvena nawils.

sinamdvileSi ki, swori tonaluri

Sefardebis pirobebSi _ adamianis muqi

masa da mindvris vrceli, naTeli masa _

mayureblis mzera mTavari gmiris

mzeras mihyveba da TiTqos vrcel

mindors mTavari gmiris TvalebiT

“aRiqvams”. swored es mzera iqneba

gamawonasworebeli faqtori.

“wonasworoba ar aris mxolod saganTa da tonalur laqaTa Tanabari

gadanawileba suraTebriv sibrtyeze, aramed upirvelesad igi warmoadgens

STabeWdilebis azrobriv dasasruls da erTianobas. Aaqedan gamomdinareobs is, rom

wonasworoba pirdapiri gagebiT SeiZleba iyos aramdgradi, magram gamosaxuleba

miviRoT dasrulebuli da mTliani,

Sekruli”. _ i.ekelCiki.

zogjer kompoziciuri

wonasworoba aRwevs mezobeli

kadrebis Tanafardobasac.

Kkompoziciis wonasworobis

darRveva mayurebelze moqmedebs,

rogorc SemaSfoTebeli faqtori

filmis personaJis bedis irgvliv.

ferweraSi aramdgradi

kompoziciebi gadadis mdgrad

kompoziciaSi garkveuli xerxebis

meoxebiT, sadac moqmedeba

gadmoicema diagonaluri

dominantebis meSveobiT.

Mmag: v.surikovis “boiaris asuli morozova” (nax.6). marxilis swrafi moZraoba,

sadac zis alanZuli morozova, xdeba diagonalze marjvnidan marcxniv. Mmarxilis

moZraobis siswrafe gamokveTilia mis gverdiT morbenali biWis figuris

saSualebiT. suraTi gawonasworebulia marjvniv da marcxniv ganTavsebuli xalxis

masebiT.

Mmeore magaliTi: repinis “jvriT svla kurskis guberniaSi”. suraTSi moZraoba

mimarTulia or paralelur diagonalze. xalxis mTavari masa moZraobs pirdapir

marjvena dabla kuTxisken. Mmeore mcirericxovani jgufi, kuzianis winamZRolobiT

moZraobs mcire diagonalze suraTis qveda kidis centrisken.

Ees mZlavri moZraoba gawonasworebulia ramdenime uZravi mxedriT da suraTis

marcxena nawilisken dadablebuli gorakis moxazulobiT.

i.priaSnikovis “carielebi”. suraTze moZraoba agebulia or Semxvedr,

urTierTgadamkveT diagonalze. Mmdgrad kadrSic ki diagonaluri dominanti

uzrunvelyofs kadrSi dinamikis Seqmnas.

10

Ddaxrilobis diagonali, romelic mimarTulia kadris sazRvrisaken, aqtiurad

angrevs statikas da advilad ipyrobs yuradRebas. Ddiagonali aramarto aZlierebs

moZraobis STabeWdilebas, aramed igi flobs Zalas, warmarTos mayureblis mzera

siRrmisken. Ddiagonalze moZraobisas obieqti izrdeba an mcirdeba masStabSi. es

garemoeba saSualebas iZleva, kinosa da televiziaSi aqtiurad gamoviyenoT

ekranis moculoba moZraobis gadmosacemad.

moZraobis eqspresia SeiZleba gaZlierdes an Semcirdes Sesabamisad mokle da

grZelfokusiani optikis gamoyenebisas. zogjer aramdgradi kompozicia, ar iyenebs

ra diagonals, warmoiqmneba siuJetur-azrobrivi centris da kadris kidis

SerwymiT. Mmag: moqmedi gmiris msxvili xediT ganTavseba kadris gverdiTA

zRvarTan, xazs usvams mis diskomfortul, mouwesrigebel, arasaxarbielo

mdgomareobas. Nnax9

simetria

Cvens cxovrebaSi simetriis uamravi magaliTi gvxvdeba. simetriulia fifqi,

pepela, kristali. garkveuli xarisxiT simetriulia foToli, xe, adamiani.

SeiniSneba simetriisken swrafva arqiteqturul qmnilebebSi _ qoxidan dawyebuli

klasikuri, mdidruli saxliT damTavrebuli. simetriuli kadri kompoziciis

mixedviT mudam mdgradi, gawonasworebulia da qmnis harmoniis, simSvidis

STabeWdilebas. simetriuli kadris aRsaqmelad mayurebels naklebi dro sWirdeba,

vidre asimetriulisa. kadris marjvena da marcxena nawilebSi ganTavsebuli

informacia Tanabaria, swored amis gamo aRiqvams mas mayuerebeli swrafad.

A

asimetria

asimetriuli kompozicia qaosis, daulageblobis, SfoTvis STabeWdilebas

tovebs. Aasimetriuli kompozicia specialurad iqmneba am formiT, raTa moqmedi

gmiris an siuJetis sulieri diskomforti mayurebelzec gadmovides. amiT xazi

esmeva moqmedi gmiris mdgomareobas. ori kadris Sedarebisas (nax.10 kadri1

kadri2),SeiniSneba,rom pirvel simetriul kadrs #1 vakvirdebiT ufro

swrafad,vidre kadrs #2.

reJisori iyenebs nebismier kadrs, nebismier kompoziciur xerxs, raTa gavlena

moaxdinos mayurebelze. Tuki, #1 kadrs, romlis dawvrilebiT daTvarielebac

moaswro mayurebelma, reJisori didxans datovebs ekranze mayurebelSi iwvevs

garkveul ukmayofilebas da piriqiT, kadri #2,romelic moiTxovs ufro xangrZliv

daTvalierebas, maleve Caanacvla reJisorma sxva kadriT, aseve iwvevs mayurebelSi

uaryofiT emociebs, radgan ver moxerxda kadris Semcvelobis srulad aRqma.

11

Oori principis, xerxis – asimetriisa da simetriis _urTierTSeTanxmeba erT

sibrtyeze, mxatvars saSualebas aZlevs, gaaZlieros STabeWdileba asaxuli

konfliqtebidan. mag: mSvid simetriul peizaJur fonze xdeba devna an sastiki

Sebma-SebrZoleba. amasTan simetriul kadrSic SeiZleba xdebodes dramatuli

movlenebi. amis TvalsaCino magaliTia leonardo da vinCis “saidumlo seroba”. es

kompozicia absoluturad simetriulia,frontalurad ganTavsebuli magida, SuaSi

qriste, marjvniv da marcxniv 6-6 mowafe, ukan fanjara, saidanac mosCans peizaJi.

Tumca, am erTi SexedviT, mSvid scenarSi aRiniSneba Rrmad tragikuli movlenebi.

suraTi iTvleba msoflio mniSvnelobis Sedevrad ara marto misi gmirebis

xasiaTis wvdomis da gadmocemis gamo, aramed, imitomac, rom aq ostaturad aris

gamoyenebuli kontrasti garegnulad mSvid trapezsa da Sinaganad Rrma dramatul

daZabulobas Soris.

kontrasti.

rac ufro bneliaRame, miT ufro

kaSkaSaa varskvlavebi.

maikopi

kontrasti-kompoziciis erTerTi ZiriTadi xerxia, romelic qmnis aqtiur

urTierTgavlenas da Tanafardobas kompoziciur elementebs Soris, warmoqmnis

mZafr vizualur SegrZnebebs.

gamosaxulebiTi kontrastis magaliTebi:

*muqi masa naTel fonze.

*naTeli laqa muq fonze.

*qromatiuli obieqti aqromatul fonze.

*ferebiT datvirTuli obieqti pastelur-rbil fonze.

nislis dros CvenTan axlos mdgomi sagnebis gamosaxuleba kontrastulia, aqvs

kargad gamokveTili ganaTebuli da daCrdiluli nawilebi. rac ufro Sors arian

isini Cvengan, miT ufro bundovani, gacrecili xdebian. ufro Sors-gadaRebis

obieqti saerTod inTqmeba, sivrce-

Si maTi konturebic ki ar Cans.

moZravi obieqti uZrav fonze.

avtousis gaCerebaze uZravad

gaSeSebula iq mjdomi da mdgari

xalxi. rogorc Cans, transporti

didi xania ar mosula. da mxolod

erTi kaci ver isvenebs, gadi-

gamodis. ra Tqma unda,kontrastis

mixedviT yuradReba gadava swored

am kacze.

uZravi obieqti moZrav fonze.

fabrikis WiSkridan gamodis mu-

SaTa jgufi. yvela miiCqaris sa-

xlisken. mxolod erTi kaci, yvavi-

lebiT xelSi, uZravad dgas WiSkar-

Tan. swored is gaxdeba yuradRebis

obieqti.

EsiuJeturi kontrasti _ mima-

vali da momavali xalxis talRaa.

kontrasti,ramelic dafuZnebu-

lia kompoziciis elementebis ur-

TierTwinaaRmdegobaze masStabis

mixedviT.

EEdamatebiTi ferebis kontras-

12

ti.

mag: vardisferi saxe Tbil fonze normalurad gamoiyureba. igive saxe damate-

biTi (mwvane) feris fonze - ferTa kontrastis kanonebidan gamomdinare -

mogeCvenebaT ufro gawiTlebuli.

komikuri kontrasti: msuqani da gamxdari, maRali da dabali da a.S.

ritmi

ritmi _ raime sagnis, motivis, moqmedebis ganmeorebaa garkveuli drois an

sivrcis intervalSi. ritms axasiaTebs rogorc moZraoba, ise statika.

ritmi Zlierad moqmedebs adamianze. mag: musikaSi, barabanze dartya an

musikaluri frazebis gameoreba sacekvao ritmebSi _ momentalurad gadadis

adamianze. poeziaSi _ perioduli monacvleoba marcvlebisa, ferwerasa da

grafikaSi ki _ ritmuli ganmeorebebi kompoziciuri elementebisa maSinve

zemoqmedebs mkiTxvelisa da damTvaliereblis ganwyobaze. Aal. benuam a. puSkinis

poemis “spilenZis mxedari’’ ilustrirebisas, gamosaxa ra gaqceuli evgeni da masze

dadevnerbuli spilenZis mxedari, saxlebis Tavze ritmulad, vertikalurad

ganalaga Savi Rrublebi.

statikaSi Cven SesaniSnavad aRviqvamT kolonadebis ritms. magaliTad

TvalnaTliv vxedavT, rom ritmulia svetebis ganlageba-gameoreba mixailovis

sasaxlis fasadze. ritmulia usasrulod gameorebuli TaRebi doJebis sasaxleze

veneciaSi da a.S. cxovrebaSi Cven gvxvdeba aritmiuli moZraobis faqtebi. Mmag:

zRvis napirze moxeTqebuli talRebi. marTalia, maT moZraobaSi aris garkveuli

intervali, samagierod, maTi zomebi Zalian gansxvavebulia.

ariTmiulia caze mimavali Rrublebi, anTebuli cecxli. Dda swored imitom,

rom maTi formebi da moZraoba yovel wuTSi icvleba, usasrulod SegviZlia,

vucqiroT mRelvare talRebs, cis tatnobze mimavl Rrublebs Tu mogizgize

kocons.

ritmi _ es aris mZlavri instrumenti mayurebelze zegavlenis mosaxdenad,

gansakuTrebiT, ritmi _ dinamikaSi. moviyvanoT ramdenime magaliTi:

*warmovidginoT aRlumze gamomsvlel jariskacTa batalioni _ 20 rigi da

TiToeul rigSi 20 jariskaci. isini ritmuli, mwyobri nabijiT miabijeben

moedanze. aRlumis macqeral adamianebs aucileblad gadaedeba siZlieris,

simamacis, siamayis SegrZneba. Aamis Semdeg ki warmovidginoT, rom moedanze

marSirebas gadis mxolod erTi jariskaci...

*baleti “gedis tba’’, patara gedebis cekva. oTxi balerina, rogorc erTi,

taqtSi asrulebs ulamazes cekvas. Eiqneba ki igive efeqti, am cekvas rom erTi

balerina asrulebdes?

saerTod, kinosa da televizias Zalian bevri saerTo aqvs musikasTan. Mmusikis

riTmebi da gamosaxuleba advilad eqvemdebareba sinqronizacias. Mmusikalur

kreSendos pasuxobs gamosaxulebiTi kreSendo, musikalur diminuendos _ gamosax-

ulebiTi diminuendo. amitom gamosaxuleba advilad “edeba’’ musikas da montirdeba

musikaluri ritmis qveS.

Ooperatorma kargad unda icodes musika da grZnobdes mas. Mmusikaluri ritmi

xangrZlivad gadasaReb xedebze da ritmi kameris moZraobis dros Tanxvedrili

unda iyos. Ooperatori gamoiyenebs ra “subieqturi’’ kameris xerxs, zustad unda

grZnobdes musikis ritms, raTa gadmosces igi kameris dinamikaSi.

*taZris bnel TaRebqveS modis grZel, SavkapiSunian anaforaSi Cacmuli beri,

sanTliT xelSi. iqmneba garkveuli STabeWdileba. iqve moZraobs berTa grZeli

rigi, aseve Sav kapiSunian anaforebSi Cacmulni, yvela maTgans sanTeli uWiravs

xelSi. STabeWdileba mravalgzis Zlierdeba.

*kaci xerxavs kunZs, riTmulad _ maRla-dabla_ moZraobs misi xerxiani xeli. Ees

erTferovani moZraoba Cven male gvbezrdeba, radgan igi monoturia da gvTenTavs.

13

*aseve ritmulad _ maRla-dabla _ moZraobs jalaTis xeli. is lesavs danas.

Mmisi msxverplis, sasikvdilod ganwiruli adamianis fiqrebi, SeiZleba yovelgavri

iyos, garda monoturisa.

*aseve ritmulad _ zeviT-qveviT _ moZraobs molaris xeli. is gvaZlevs xel-

fass. Ees monoturoba usasrulod rom gagrZelebuliyo, mainc arasodes mogvbezr-

deboda.

rogorc vxedavT, erTnairi moZraobebi ritmisa da mimarTulebis mixedviT

CvenSi sruliad gansxvavebul grZnobebs iwvevs.

*Setakebis ritmi _ barabnebis cema _ ormag STabeWdilebas axdens Tavdamcve-

lebsa da Tavdamsxmelebze. erTi mxriv, es ritmi Setevaze gadasulebs STaagonebT

absolutur Tavdajerebulobas maT gamarjvebaSi. Mmeores mxriv, igive ritmi

Zlierad zemoqmedebs Tavdamcvelebze, iwvevs maTSi panikas da ganadgurebis,

damarcxebis SegrZnebas.

rakursi

saoperatoro saqmianobaSi Cven sityviT _ rakursi _ aRvniSnavT gadaRebis

wertils. Cven vambobT: zeda rakursi, qveda rakursi, rakursSi. termini rakursi

iTargmneba rogorc Semcireba, SezRudva. Oobieqtis Semcireba xom swored

gadaRebis wertilzea damokidebuli.

gadaRebis zeda wertili, gadaaadgilebs ra horizontis xazs maRla, TiTqos,

miwaze aWylitavs moqmed gmirs, adablebs mas da amcirebs mis zomebs. gadaRebis

qveda wertili aZlierebs kadris gamomsaxvelobas, magram advili SesaZlebelia,

daamaxinjos gadaRebis obieqti, iqneba es arqiteqturuli nageboba, adamianis

figura Tu saxe.

intervius gadaRebis dros xSirad uSveben Semdeg Secdomas:

kamera ganTavsebulia ufro maRal wertilze vidre mjdomare gadasaRebi ob-

ieqti da ramdenadme zemodan dahyurebs mas. amasTan Jurnalisti, romelic

esaubreba gmirs, zis kameris gverdiT skamze, interviueris doneze. saboloo jamSi,

kamera moTavsebulia ra mosaubreTa TavszemoT TiTqos iatakze akravs maT,

amasTan mayurebeli ver xedavs gmiris Tvalebs.

gadaRebis obieqtis amorCevisas, operatori gansazRvravs kameris dayenebis sam

koordinantul wertils (nax11):

1)manZili gadaRebis obieqtamde

2)kameris ganTavseba horizontalSi obieqtidan frontalurad, marjvniv an

marcxniv.

3) kameris ganTavseba vertikalSi _ normaluri, zeda an qveda wertili anu

rakursi.

14

11-e naxatze Cven vxedavT figuris gamosaxulebas, romelic gadaRebulia

a)normaluri b)zeda g)qveda gadaRebis wertilidan. (hx _ horizontis xazi)

am paragrafSi ganvixileT ramdenime gansazRvreba, romelic Sedis kompoziciis

SemadgenlobaSi: mdgradi da aramdgradi kompozicia, simetria da asimetria,

kontrasti, ritmi, rakursi.

Ppraqtika gviCvenebs, rom nebis-

mieri saoperatopro xerxi _ iq-

neba es gadaRebis wertilis Ser-

Ceva, simetria-asimetria, tempis

da ritmis gansazRvra, kontrasti

_reJisorisTvis yovelTvis aris

mayureblis grZnobebze zegavle-

nis moxdenis saSualeba.

aqedan keTdeba daskvna: au-

cilebelia mWidro SemoqmedebiTi

kontaqti reJisorsa da opera-

tors Soris.

sivrcis siRrme organzomilebian brtyel ekranze

perspeqtivis saxeobebi

teleekrans axasiaTebs igive

uaryofiTi mxareebi, rac

kinoekrans, fermweris tilos an

fotografias. Tavisi “winaprebis’’

msgavsad igi brtyeli, organzomi-

lebiania. Mmagram es sulac ar

niSnavs, rom operators ar aqvs

saSualeba, gadalaxos, gaarRvios

es organzomilebianoba da

mayurebels Seuqmnas sivrcis

siRrmis arsebobis STabeWdileba

da sam ganzomilebaSi “uCvenos’’

ekranze asaxuli garesamyaro. am

miznis gansaxorcieleblad operators gaaCnia garkveul saSualebaTa mTeli

arsenali. Mmagram maTi gamoyenebisas operators mudam unda axsovdes, rom

samganzomilebiani sivrcis Seqmnisas, perspeqtiva da plastika, Jestebi da

moZraoba kadrSi kompoziciur mniSvnelobas iZens mxolod nawarmoebis dedaazr-

Tan kavSiris dros.

xazovani perspeqtiva

visac Tvalyuri udevnebia mxatvar-fermwerisaTvis muSaobis dros, advilad

SeamCnevda, raoden didi ZalisxmeviT qmnis momavali nawarmoebis kompozicias.

kompoziciis yvela elements mxatvari umorCilebs Cvens mier gare samyaros aRqmis

kanonebs. Cveni Tvalebi, RmerTis mier Seqmnili optikuri sistema, sinaTlis

sxivebis Sesvlis Sedegad, gamosaxulebebs da sivrces imeorebs (airek-

lavs,imaxsovrebs) Tvalis baduraze. amasTan sagnebi, mcirdeba ra Tvalidan

daSorebis Sedegad, eqvemdebareba xazovani perspeqtivis kanonebs.

Tvalis baduraze gamosaxuleba miT mcire zomebSi aisaxeba, rac ufro Sors

mdebareobs sagani Tvalidan(nax.12).

Ees moCvenebiTi daaxloeba Sors mimavali paraleluri xazebisa (maTi TiTqos

Tavmoyra) da sagnis daSorebasTan erTad Semcireba-perspeqtivis mTavari kanonia.

ganvixiloT naxazi#12. warmovidginoT rom sagnebiMMDda H aris erTi zomis

15

telegrafis svetebi,romlebic ganTavsebulia adamianis Tvalidan sxvadasxva

distanciaze. baduraze TvalsaCinoa maTi Semcireba perspeqtivaSi.

Mmxatvari horizontis xazze, romelic mdebareobs Tvalis (an kameris) simaR-

leze, gansazRvravs e.w. SeerTebis mTavar wertils, sadac Tavs iyris yvela

SeerTebis xazi.

am xazebidan gamomdinare xdeba kompoziciis elementebis perspeqtivaSi Semci-

reba (nax.#13).

aRsaniSnavia, rom mxatvris samuSao _ Seqmnas man namdvili (WeSmariti) perspeq-

tiva _ gacilebiT rTulia.

gasaTvaliswinebelia ra mxedvelobis binokularoba, suraTSi ”Semodis” ara

marto is sagnebi,romlebic moxvedrilia mxedvelobis areSi, aramed maTi

garemocvac (maT garSemo arsebuli areali), romelic aRiqmeba e.w. gverdiTi

xedviT. aqedan warmoiqmneba ramdenime “Tavmoyris” adgili. Mmag: frontaluri

interieris gamosaxulebisa (nax.14).

xolo kuTxur interierze muSaobisas an ori erTmaneTisken mimavali quCis

daSorebisas,”Tavmoyris”wertilebi saerTod suraTis sazRvrebs Sordeba (nax.15 da

16)

mxatvrisTvis aucilebelia, SeeZlos, icodes marTi kuTxeebis ageba sxvadasxva

mimarTulebiT(nax.17), Seqmnas parketuli iatakis perspeqtiuli naxati(nax.18) da

aseve sxva sagnebisa, adamianis figuraTa CaTvliT. aq CamoTvlili sqemebi mxolod

umciresi nawilia perspeqtivis agebis uamravi variantisa, romlebsac srulyofi-

lad unda flobdes mxatvari.

16

operatorebi da fotografebi,sabednierod, gaTavisuflebulebi arian am ur-

Tulesi samuSaosgan. maT exmarebaT optika. samagierod is warmoqmnis aranaklebi

sirTulis sxva amocanebs. es amocanebi SeiZleba CamovayaliboT ase: optimaluri

gadaRebis wertilis SerCeva optikis SemoqmedebiTad gamoyenebiT, raTa Seiqmnas

rac SeiZleba gamomsaxvelobiTi kompozicia.

rogorc zemoT vTqviT,gadaRebis wertili irCeva sami koordinatis gamoT-

vliT.

*manZili obieqtamde.

*kameris ganTavseba horizontalurad obieqtis mimarT.

*kameris ganTavseba vertikalurad.

17

optimeluri gadasaRebi wertilis Ziebisas sworad SerCeul optikas udidesi

mniSvneloba aqvs. sxvadasxva safokuso maZilis mqone obieqtivebis SemoqmedebiTad

gamoyenebisTvis, aucilebelia, gvaxsovdes Semdegi wesi.

kadrSi optikuri gamosaxulebis perspeqtiva, gadaRebuli sxvadasxva

obieqtivebiT, oRond erTi wertilidan, ar icvleba, rCeba erTnairi.

arsebobs mosazreba, rom moklefokusiani optikiT gadaRebul obieqtebs

gaaCniaT ufro eqspresiulad gamoxatuli xazovani perspeqtiva. sinamdvileSi, wina

da Sori xedebis gamosaxulebaTa masStabebis TanaSefardeba, damokidebuleba ar

icvleba, roca gadaReba xdeba erTidaigive wertilidan, Tundac sxvadasxva

safokuso manZilis mqone optikiT. swored es Tanafardoba gansazRvravs

gamosaxulebis perspeqtivas.

19-e suraTze Cans ori figura, gadaRebuli erTi da igive wertilidan,

sxvadasxva obieqtivebiT (28mm _ a; 135mm _ b). manZili axlo figuramde aris 50 m,

xolo Sors mdebaremde _ 60m. imisaTvis rom 28mm-iani obieqtiviT gadaviRoT

axlos mdebare figura iseve msxvilad, rogorc 135mm-ianiT, saWiroa, mivuaxlovdeT

obieqts, davdgeTmasTan,daaxloebiT 2 metris manZilze.

axla ganvixiloT 19b da 20-e suraTebi. 19b suraTze manZili axlo mdebare

figuramde aris 50m, xolo Sors mdebare figuramde 60m. anu Sefardeba _ 5:6, xolo

20-e naxatze manZili pirvel figuramde aris 2m, xolo meore figuramde 12m. anu

manZilTa Sefardeba 1:6. Bbunebrivia, rom 20-e naxatze Sors mdebare figura

mkveTrad aris Semcirebuli da perspeqtivac Sesabamisad mkveTrad gamoxatulia.

aqedan gamomdinare, moklefokusiani obieqtivebiT gadaRebuli gamosaxulebis

gansakuTrebuloba aixsneba imiT, rom am SemTxvevebSi gadaReba iwarmoeba axlo

manZilidan da masStabTa Sefardeba wina da Sori xedebisa mkveTrad gansxvavdeba,

perspeqtiva xdeba eqspresiuli.

dResdReobiT, gadamRebi aparatura dakompleqtebulia obieqtivebis soliduri

krebuliT, romelTac gaaCniaT gadaRebis sxvadasxva kuTxe, (nax.21) rac operators

saSualebas aZlevs,

SemoqmedebiTad

gamoiyenos optika kadrSi

perspeqtivis ukeTesad

gadmosacemad.

es garemoeba

gansakuTrebiT

TvalsaCino xdeba,

rodesac sxvadasxva

safokuso manZilis mqone

obieqtivebiT (25mm _

200mm) viRebT Sors

gaWimul rkinigzis

relsebsa da Cvensken

momaval matarebels

(nax.22).

gadaReba xdeba erTi wertilidan. Mmatarebeli mdebareobs 200m-Si am

wertilamde. igi 5 wm-Si gadis 50 m-s da uaxlovdeba kameras 150 m-de. TeTri

marTkuTxedi aRniSnavs moZraobis dasawyiss, Savi _ mdebareobas 5 wm-is mere (150 m-

Si kameridan).

pirvel kadrSi naCvenebia gamosaxuleba, romelic gadaRebulia 25 mm-iani

obieqtiviT _ manZili 200m-dan 150m-mde, dro 5wm.

18

meore kadrSi, romelic gadaRebulia 200mm-iani obieqtiviT, igive gadaRebis

wertilidan, matarebeli gaivlis ra 50 metrs, faravs mTel kadrs, magarm

gansxvaveba matareblis zomebSi (TeTri da Savi marTkuTxedebis Sefardeba)

moZraobis dasawyisidan (200m) _ gadaRebis damTavrebamde(150m) orive iptikas

erTnairi aqvs. igi arc ise didia, anu moZraobis siswrafis gancda da perspeqtivis

gamomsaxveloba erTnairad sustia rogorc I, ase II kadrSi.

imisaTvis rom 25mm-iani obieqtiviT gadaRebisas matareblis gamosaxuleba

miviRoT iseTive msxvili, rogorc II kadrSi, ro-

ca matarebeli 5 wm-is Semdeg faravs mTel ekrans,

saWiroa kamera davayenoT matareblis moZraobis

dasarulidan daaxloebiT 10 m-Si. manZilTa Tana-

fardoba meore kadrSi (200mm obieqtivi) aris

_150:50 anu 3:1.

III kadrSi manZilTa damokidebuleba (25mm ob-

ieqtivi) 10:50 anu 1:5, perspeqtiva SesamCnevad ga-

moxatulia, matareblis moZraobac ufro mZafrad

aRiqmeba. II da III kadrebis Savi da TeTri marT-

kuTxedebis Tanafardobis Sedarebisas, vxedavT,

Tu ramdenad eqspresiulia perspeqtriva da mata-

reblis moZraobis aRqma 25 mm-iani obieqtiviT axlo manZilidan gadaRebisas.

peizaJebis da arqiteqturuli Zeglebis gadaRebisas, aucilebelia, movZeb-

noT gadaRebis meore koordinantuli wertili anu kameris ganTavseba horizon-

talurad. Aam SemTxvevaSi operators yovelTvis aqvs amorCevis SesaZlebloba.

19

SeiZleba obieqti gadaiRo frontalurad, roca gverdiTi kedlebi ar Cans(nax23).

SesaZlebelia gadRebis wertili SeirCes ufro marjvniv an marcxniv da amiT

miviRoT nagebobis moculobiTi gamosaxuleba(nax24).

Mmoklefokusiani optikis gamoyenebisas, ar unda daviviwyoT, rom mkveTrad

gamoxatulma rakursma _kameris mesame kordinatuli wertili_ SeiZleba Zlierad

dagimaxinjoT gadaRebis obieqti.

25-e naxatze gamosaxulia koSkis gadaRebis sqema, roca gadaReba warmoebs

moklefokusiani optikiT mkveTrad gamoxatuli qveda wertilidan. manZili

kameridan koSkis uaxloes wertilamde udris _L,xol0 koSkis zeda nawilamde _ L+

L1. Aaqedan gamomdinareobs koSkis gamosaxulebis sxvadasxva masStabi. Llamazi

koSki gardaiqmna maxinj nagebobad.

tonaluri (haerovani) perspeqtiva

Hhaerovani perspeqtivis warmoqmna aixsneba imiT, rom haeri sulac ar gaxlavT

absoluturad gamWvirvale. gansakuTrebiT, roca is gajerebulia mtvris, tenis

nawilakebiT da igi miT naklebad aris gamWirvale, rac ufro didia misi sisqe

(gajerebuloba), sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, rac ufro Sors mdebareobs obieqti

Cveni Tvalidan an kameridan. Oobieqtis mdebareobidan da haeris “sisqidan’’

gamomdinare icvleba saganTa tonebi. swored amitom ewodeba perspeqtivis am

saxeobas tonaluri.

kadrSi, sadac ganTavsebulia haerovani kvamli, pirvel (axlo) xedze tonebi

ufro kontrastuli, gajerebulia, meore da mesame xedebze ufro rbili, aqva-

pasteluri. Sor xedze obieqtebi mTlianad gadRabnilia, simkveTres kargavs

saganTa xazebi da sazRvrebi.

“haerovani kvamlis’’ gamoaSkaraveba damokidebulia ganaTebaze. Mmzis pirdapiri

Suqis dros es kvamli TiTqmis ar Cans, samagierod, SesaniSnavad gamovlindeba igi

mzis ukana-gverdiTi da kontraJuruli mdebareobisas da Sesabamisad, mZafrdeba

tonaluri perspeqtiva.

Cven ganvasxvavebT “kvamlis” xuT saxeobas:

20

*molekuluri kvamli (molurjo-cisferi) _ haeris molekulebis mier sinaTlis

mokle talRebis gafantva (440-480nm).

*sarkuli, moTeTro kvamli, roca Suqi airekleba wylis (Rrubeli, wvima),

Tovlis, yinulisgan.

*difuzuri kvamli (nacrisferi, ruxi, moyviTalo-moyavisfro, Savi, wiTeli) _

sinaTlis gafantva mtvris, sinestis mier (miwis, mineralebis, sawvavis narCenebis

feri).

*optikuri kvamli _ haeris fenebis sxvadasxva sisqe zRvis zedapirTan. hori-

zontis xazis waSla.

*marevo _ haeris Tbili nakadi, romelic aedineba gaxurebuli miwidan, cxeli

asfaltidan, qvebidan uqaro amindSi.

Hhaerovani perspeqtivis Sesaqmnelad naturasa da pavilionSi operatorebi

iyeneben gadasaRebi sivrcis xelovnurad gakvamvlis xerxs.

cnobilma operatorma sergei urusevskim filmis “oqros varskvlavis kavaleri”

gadaRebisas gamoiyena xelovnuri damtverianebac ki. soflis gzaze mimavali

aRalis gadaRebisas, man urmis RerZebze daamagrebina cocxebi, romlebis gvidnen ra

Saragzas, mtvris koriantels ayenebdnen. amiT man ukeT gadmosca uqaro amindis da

gamTangveli sicxis gancda.

Ooptikuri perspeqtiva

Cveni Tvali, aTvalierebs ra garemos da gadaaqvs mzera erTi sagnidan meoreze,

mudmivad icvlis “fokuss”. Cvens mxedvelobis organoSi fokusis dayeneba wamierad

xdeba Tvalis “obieqtivis”-brolis gadaxrilobis SecvliT. Tvalis fokusirebis

Secvlis process akomodacia ewodeba. operatoric gadaRebis momzadebisas aseve

axdens fokusis dayenebas. Cveulebriv, fokusi swordeba kadris mTavar obieqtze.

Kkadris meorexarisxovani obieqtebi rCeba naklebi simkveTris, xandaxan ki

saerTod bundovania.

mkveTrad gamoxatuli mTavari obieqtis, aramkveTri fonisa da meorexarisxo-

vani sagnebis urTierTSefardeba, rac optikis saSualebiT xorcieldeba, qmnis

sivrcis siRrmis efeqts. swored es gaxlavT optikuri perspeqtiva.

bunebrivia,rom grZelfokusiani optika, romelsac naklebi simkveTris siRrme

aqvs, saSualebas gvaZlevs ufro gavabundovnoT meore da mesame xedebi. swored

amitom portretebis gadaReba _ rogorc naturaze,ise pavilionSi,sasurvelia

grZelfokusiani obieqtiviT, radgan aseTi obieqtiviT gadaRebisas saxis plastika

da gamomxatveloba gacilebiT Zlierdeba (gaZlierebulia). Tumca, aseT SemTxve-

vebSi, advili SesaZlebelia daikargos moqmedebis adgilis “geografia”, buneba, ris

fonzec xdeba gadaReba. xandaxn eTerSi gamoCndeba xolme eseTi kadri: quCis fonze

dgas korespondenti da gvamcnobs raRac siaxles, meore da mesame fonze ganTavse-

buli saxlebi, adamianebi da moZravi transporti imdenad bundovania, rom

21

STabeWdileba rCeba, TiTqos gadaReba akvariumSi xdeba. es niSnavs rom sinaTle ar

iyo sakmarisi da operatorma imdenad gaxsna optikis diafragma, rom ukana xedebma

saerTod dakarges mkveTri moxazuloba. amasTan SesaZlebelia, man gamoiyena

grZelfokusiani optika.

naturaze portretis gadaRebisas, rodesac xdeba meore da mesame xedebis

obieqtebis gabundovneba, aucilebelia, gvaxsovdes, am epizodis danarCeni xedebic

(Semdgomi montaJisTvis) unda gadaviRoT fonis bundovanebis igive xarisxiT.

xolo saerTo da saSualo xedebze, sadac gamoiyeneba moklefokusiani optika,

amis gakeTeba sakmaod rTulia. naturaze portretuli gadaRebisTvis SeiZleba

gamoviyenoT “normaluri” optikac, magram sasurvelia vimuSaoT obieqtivis didi

RiobiT, aperturiT (1:2,8 1:4).

aseTi obieqtiviT _erTnairi diafragmiT_ SeiZleba gadaviRoT mTeli epizodi

_ saerTo, saSualo da msxvili xedebi. imisTvis rom “CamovaWraT” zedmeti

sinaTle, aucilebelia, gamoviyenoT neitraluri ruxi filtri. aseT SemTxvevaSi

Cven miviRebT saxis mkveTr gamosaxulebas portretze da odnav bundovan,

Serbilebuli ferebiT gadmocemul fons.

Ddinamiuri perspeqtiva

statiur kadrSi, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, horizontis xazze arsebobs e.w.

SeerTebis, Sekrebis wertili, saiTac miemarTeba yvela warmosaxviTi SeerTebis

xazi. SeerTebis wertili uZravia. Yyvela sagani, emorCileba ra xazovani

perspeqtivis kanonebs, mcirdeba am wertilis mimarTulebiT.

rogorc ki kamera iwyebs panoramirebas marjvniv an marcxniv, maSinve icvleba

horizontze am wertilis mdebareoba, Sesabamisad, icvleba kadris xazovan-

geometriuli agebulebis mTeli sistema. warmovidginoT, rom kamera moZraobs

winaswar gansazRvrul horizontalur traeqtoriaze, igi moTavsebulia urikaze,

raime sxva transportze an sulac operators uWiravs xelSi.

Kkameris sivrcobrivi mdebareobis cvlileba gamudmebiT cvlis perspeqtivis

konstruqciis agebulebas gadaRebis TiToeul momentSi, radgan Sekrebis wertili

da Sekrebis xazebi mudmiv moZraobaSi imyofeba. Uufro metic, Tu kamera

moTavsebulia amweze, anu vertikaluradac gadaadgildeba, kadrSi mdebareobas

icvlis Tavad horizontis xazic, razec aris ganTavsebuli SeerTebis wertili.

Aamrigad, warmoiqmneba perspeqtivis aRqmis axali saxoba _ mayurebels saSualeba

eZleva, dainaxos moqmedeba sxvadasxva sivrcobrivi mdebareobidan anu dinamiuri

perspeqtivis efeqti. igi xels uwyobs gamosaxulebis siRrmis iluziis warmoqmnas.

Fferebis perspeqtiva

rogorc viciT, TeTri feri daSlis Sedegad iyofa cisartyelis Svid ferad:

wiTeli, narinjisferi, yviTeli, mwvane, cisferi, lurji, iisferi.

F

22

ferebis wreSi (nax26) marjvniv ganTavsebulia e.w. Tbili ferebi: wiTeli, narin-

jisferi, yviTeli. Mmarcxniv _ civi ferebi: iisferi,lurji, cisferi. vertikaluri

diametris ferebi, romelic am wres Suaze yofs, miekuTvneba rogorc civ, aseve

Tbil ferebs: mewamuli da mwvane. Ees damokidebulia saerTo qoloritul

gadawyvetaze. saerTod, fsiqofiziologiurad Cven Tbil ferebs aRviqvamT rogorc

wina xedze wamoweuls, xolo civi ferebi siRrmisken inacvlebs.

Ffermwerebma adamianis es Tviseba ramdenime saukunis winaT aRmoaCines. renesan-

sis periodis didi ostatebis ferwerul tiloebze, aseve 18_19-e saukuneebiis

mxatvarTa SemoqmedebaSi aSkarad Cans maTi Rrma codna feradi perspeqtivis

agebisa. axlo xedi, Cveulebriv, iwereboda muqi-yavisferi tonebiT, meore xedi_Ria

cisferi, lurji tonebiT. Aadamianis mier garesamyaros aRqmis am unars aqtiurad

iyeneben TavianT SemoqmedebaSi operatorebi.

Cven ganvixileT perspeqtivis ramdenime saxoba: xazovani,tonaluri, optikuri,

dinamiuri, feradi.

Tumca es soliduri CamonaTvali xerxebisa, romelTa saSualebiT Cven SegviZ-

lia, gadavlaxoT ekrenis organzomilebiani sibrtye, sulac ar gaxlavT srulyo-

fili.

iseTi xerxi, rogoricaa pirveli (wina) xedis gamoyofa, mudam gamoiyeneba

saoperatoro praqtikaSi sivrcis siRrmis gancdis gasaZliereblad.

Ppirveli xedi, rogorc perspeqtivis efeqtis gaZlierebis saSualeba

Tuki pirveli xedi kadrSi muqia, xolo meore da mesame xedebi naTel ferebSia

gadmocemuli, aseTi tonaluri ganawileba fsiqologiurad aRiqmeba rogorc

kadris siRrme. Fferadi perspeqtivis SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, pirveli

xedi SeiZleba iyos gadmocemuli rogorc Tbili ferebiT, aseve tonalurad muqi

ferebiT, mag: yavisferi an bordosferi.

rodesac ar gavqvs pirveli xedi, xandaxan mis rols asrulebs teleekranis Savi

CarCo. Ppirveli xedi SeiZleba iyos rogorc statiuri, aseve dinamiuri. magali-

Tad, mindorze wamowolili biWis portreti gacilebiT bunebrivi iqneba,Tuki misi

saxis win ganTavsebuli iqneba qarisgan aTrTolebuli balaxis Reroebi.

moZravi matareblis paraleluri moZraobidan gadaRebisas Cven miviRebT nak-

lebad saintereso, TiTqmis statiur kadrs, radgan matareblisa da operatoris

manqanis siswrafe Tanabari iqneba. Mmagram Tu pirvel xedze kamerasa da matare-

bels Soris gaielvebs xeebi, boZebi, nagebobebi, kadri SeiZens saWiro dinamikas,

siRrmes da gamomsaxvelobas.

sinaTlis sxivebi, rogorc perspeqtivis saSualeba

rodesac xeivans mze gverdidan anaTebs, xeTa Crdilebi bilikze iribad ecema da

qmnis sinaTlis anareklebis monacvleobas. igive ganaTebuli da bneli adgilebis

monacvleobis efeqti gvxvdeba skolis derefanSi, rodesac fanjridan Semosuli

mzis sxivebi Senacvlebulia bneli monakveTebiT, romelic warmoqmnilia

fanjaraTaSoris arsebuli kedlebis gamo.

Kkadris sivrceSi gadaadgilebisas (kamerisken an kameridan) moqmedi gmiri

xvdeba xan CrdilSi da xan ganaTebul adgilebSi, amiT xazi esmeva perspeqtivis

siRrmes. xolo Tu Cven odnav “gavkvamvlavT” gadasaReb obieqts da SevqmniT ufro

xelSesaxeb haerovan garemos, miviRebT mzis sxivebis naTlad gamoxatul suraTs,

iqneba es xeivani Tu skolis derefani.

aseT kadrSi monawileobas miiRebs sami “instrumenti”, romelic gaaZlierebs

siRrmis SegrZnebas: xazovani perspeqtiva, haerovani perspeqtiva da mzis sxivebisa

da Crdilis monacvleoba. Aaqedan gamomdinare, kadri, ra Tqma unda, ufro

gamomsaxvelobiTi iqneba.

Suqtonaluri aqcenti da Suqtonaluri gadawyvetis erTianoba. Kkadris Sec-

vlisas mayurebeli ar unda eZebdes mTavar gmirs an obieqts ekranze. aucilebelia,

mTavari gmiri gamokveTilad vuCvenoT mayurebels.

23

Eekranis sibrtyeze ganlagebulia sxvadasxva sagnebi, romlebic ganTavsebulia

rogorc wina xedze ise siRrmeSi. aqve “moRvaweoben” (moqmedeben) nawarmoebis

personaJebi. optikur da Suqtonalur centrad, Cveulebriv, gvevlineba adamianis

saxe, filmis an gadacemis gmiris.

sxva JanrebSi mTavari obieqti SeiZleba iyos rogorc qarxnis dazga, ise

mxatvris tilo an arqiteqturuli Zegli.

imisTvis rom mayureblis yuradReba gavamaxviloT mTavar obieqtze, igi auci-

leblad unda gamovyoT kadrSi arsebuli sxva obieqtebisgan. Ees keTdeba sinaTlis

(Suqis) aqcentis meSveobiT _ mTavar obieqtze xdeba sinaTlis (ganaTebis)

gaZliereba.

“Suqtonaluri gadawyvetis erTianobis” cnebaSi Sedis Semdegi saoperatoro

xerxebi:

*Suqtonaluri da ferTa kontrastis mudmivoba.

muqi da Ria tonebis monacvleoba (muqi tonis Ria tonze proecireba da

piriqiT). Tumca, xSiaria Secdomebi. mag: rodesac portretis Crdilovani mxare

proecirdeba muq fonze, am dros Crdili fonSia ganzavebuli, TiTqos portreti

“miewebao” fons.

*”win wamoweuli” Tbili da “ukan daxeuli” civi tonebis saTanadod gamoyeneba.

Ffonis civi feri unda iyos naklebad gajerebuli, vidre pirveli xedis “Tbili”

obieqtebi.

*damatebiTi ferebis, ferTa wyvilebis gamoyenebis codna (lurji_yviTeli,

mewamuli_mwvane da a.S.)

erTi epizodis yvela kadri unda inarCunebdes Suq- da fertonaluri

parametrebis stabilurobas, Torem SemdegSi SeuZlebeli iqneba maTi erTmaneTTan

damontaJeba. gamosaxulebis masStabi

dResdReobiT iseTi cnebebi, rogoricaa saerTo, saSualo, msxvili xedebi da

detali yvelasTvis cnobilia. Ees gasakviri arcaa, swored xedis simsxvile xdeba

xolme kino an telenawarmoebis ganxilvis safuZveli mayureblis mxridan.

xelovnebis am saxeobebs Cven bavSvobidan vicnobT. xolo profesionalisTvis

zemoT CamoTvlil cnebebs Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs.

saerTo xedi _ es aris garemos daxasiaTeba, sadac xdeba garkveuli epizodis

moqmedeba. saerTo xedi Seicavs didi raodenobiT sxvadasxva informacias.

*moqmedebis adgili: qalaqi, moedani, quCa, mindori, tye, mdinare, udabno da a.S.

*weliwadis dro: gazafxuli, zafxuli, Semodgoma, zamTari.

*dRe-Ramis monakveTi: dila, SuadRe, saRamo, Rame.

*atmosferuli pirobebi, amindi: moRrubluloba, wvima, qari, Tovli, mze,

qariSxali, setyva da a.S.

saerTo xedis gadaRebisas operatorebi iyeneben sinaTlisa da qoloritul

palitras, romelic daculi iqneba saSualo da msxvil xedebSic, aseve gansazRvra-

ven Suqtonaluri parametrebis mTlianobas, erTianobas. gamoiyeneba xelovnuri

gakvamvla, Suqfiltrebi. ganisazRvreba gadaRebis xerxi: statika Tu dinamika.

Pportretuli gadaRebisas xedis masStabzea damokidebuli mTavari gmiris

zemoqmedebis xarisxi mayurebelze. saerTo xedze ganTavsebuli gmiri mayureblis

mier aRiqmeba rogorc ucnobi personaJi, romelsac SeiZleba yuradReba ar

mivaqcioT.

saSualo xedi _ es aris adamiani da garemo. Aadamiani _ es mTavaria, es aris

kompoziciis siuJeturi centri, garemo _ meorexarisxovani. operatori Tvalyurs

unda adevnebdes, rom fonze ar moxvdes zedmeti, yuradRebis gamfantavi detali.

Aaq garegnobiT, qceviT, siaruliT SeiZleba ganisazRvros gmiris socialuri

xasiaTi, misi mdgomareoba: mxiarulia Tu mowyenili, mTvrali Tu fxizeli da a.S.

saSualo xedze kargad Cans mimika, artikulacia, Jestebi.

24

Mmsxvili xedi _ es, rogorc wesi, adamianis saxea. msxvil xedze SesaniSnavad

Cans gmiris fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis umciresi niuansebi: Seyrili warbebi,

odnav mokvnetili tuCi, daJinebuli mzera, naRvliani Tvalebi da Aa.S. es

moqmedebani, romelic TiTqmis SeumCneveli rCeba saerTo da saSualo xedze,

xSirad gacilebiT metis mTqmelia vidre xmamaRali wamoZaxilebi an uazro

Jestikulacia.

Mmsxvili xedi _ es aris uZlieresi saSualeba gavlena moaxdino mayurebelze.

Ddetali saxviT xelovnebaSi, kinosa da televiziaSi _ es aris iribi

fsiqologiuri daxasiaTeba mTavari gmiris da misi adgilsamyofelis. Ees SeiZleba

iyos sayofacxovrebo sagnebi, gmiris irgvliv arsebuli nivTebi. es nivTebi xSirad

naTlad gamoxataven gmiris xasiaTs. magaliTad, CiCikovisTvis sakmarisi iyo

erTxel Seevlo Tvali pluSkinis saxlSi arsebul mdgomareobaze, rom igi maSinve

mixvda, visTan hqonda saqme da rogor moqceuliyo maspinZelTan.

Ddetali mniSvnelovan rols TamaSobs nawarmoebis dramaturgiul qsovilSi.

magaliTad, filmis an gadacemis dasawyisSi Cans, rom napovnia tyvia (detali),

riTac moklulia erTerTi gmiri. mTeli filmi agebulia damnaSavisa da

danaSaulis iaraRis Zebnaze. Ffilmis bolos napovnia pistoleti (detali),

dadgenilia eWvmitanilis braleuloba mkvlelobaSi da a.S.

Aamrigad, detali monawileobs rogorc moqmedebis kvanZis SekvraSi, ise

gaxsnaSi, aseve nawarmoebis kulminaciaSi. Ddetalis rolze dramaturgiaSi Cven

kidev visaubrebT qvemoT, rodesac ganvixilavT Janrs “naturmorti”.

saWiroa, aRvniSnoT, rom Tavad gamosaxulebis masStabis gansazRvra metad

pirobiTia, SefardebiTia. magaliTad, asanTis kolofi gmiris xelSi es mxolod

detalia, magram Tuki Cven ganvizraxavT, mayurebels vuamboT Tavad asanTis

kolofze, maSin igi warmodgenili iqneba saerTo xedSi. xolo saSualo da

msxvili xedebi iqneba asanTis Rerebi da asanTis Tavebi.

saxviTi xelovnebis Janrebi

Janri, mxatvruli nawarmoebis tipi, dafuZnebulia misi formisa da Sinaarsis

specifiuri Tvisebebis erTianobaze. cneba “Janri” moicavs, aerTianebs Strixebs

rac axasiaTebs nawarmoebTa vrcel jgufs.

saxviT (gamomsaxvelobiT) xelovnebaSi istoriulad Camoyalibda Janris

gansazRvrva gamosaxuli sagnis mixedviT: portreti, peizaJi, interieri,

naturmorti, istoriuli, sayofacxovrebo, bataluri scenebi da a.S. dResdReobiT

satelevizio Janrebi ganicdian garkveul modernizacias, xdeba maTi

urTierTganzaveba da Serwyma.

Kkinosa da televiziaSi organulad aris Sesisxlxorcebuli portreti, peizaJi,

interieri. masStabur nawarmoebebSi farTod gamoiyeneba xalxmravali, bataluri

scenebi, romelTa uzrunvelyofa xdeba urTulesi piroteqnikiT.

Pportreti

Mmxatvruli nawarmoebis mTavari gmiri, umetesad, rogorc wesi, aris adamiani.

swored gmiri gadascems mayurebels nawarmoebis ideas. avtorTaTvis yovelTvis

mniSvnelovania, rogor miiRebs mkiTxveli an mayurebeli Tavad gmirs da, ra Tqma

unda, gmiris mier gadmocemul azrebs _ igive avtoris azrsa da ideas, romelic

Cadebulia nawarmoebSi.

Lliteraturul nawarmoebSi mTavari gmiris daxasiaTeba-aRwera da misi

moqmedebis Sefaseba xorcieldeba sxvadsxva mxridan, sxvadasxva xedvis wertilidan.

1.avtori aRwers ra mTavar gmirs, gviambobs misi garegnobis, xasiaTis Sesaxeb,

amiT Taviseul Sefasebas aZlevs mis moqmedebas.

2.nawarmoebis sxva gmirebi gviamboben mTavari gmiris Sesaxeb. TiToeul maTgans

sakuTari Sexeduleba aqvs masze.

3.Tavad gmiri afasebs sakuTar Tavs:

*garegnulad (mag: iyureba sarkeSi)

*Sinaganad (gamoTqvams mosazrebebs sakuTari Tavis Sesaxeb)

25

zogjer avtori Seavsebs xolme Tavisi mosazrebebiT gmiris daxasiaTeba-

Sefasebas, romelic gadmocemulia Tavd gmiris an sxva personaJTa mier. saerTo

jamSi ki yalibdeba mTavari gmiris literaturuli portreti.

E aseve SeiZleba Seiqmnas mTavari gmiris saxe ekranul xelovnebaSi sxvadasxva

SexedulebaTa meSveobiT: avtoris, Tavad gmiris (kadrs miRma xma) da sxva

personaJTa gamoTqmuli mosazrebebiT. miT ufro, rom TiToeuli personaJi

mTavar gmirs Taviseburad uyurebs, TiToeul maTgans Tavisi Sexeduleba aqvs,

Tavis safuZvliani an zedapiruli Sefaseba. magaliTad:

1.mTavari gmiri, lamazi qali icqireba sarkeSi da “afasebs” Tavis garegnobas

sakuTari TavisTvis an sxvaTaTvis (erTgvari sulieri striptizi kadrsmiRma

monologSi).

2.erTi personaJi masSi xedavs mxolod lamaz qals. gadaRebulia epizodi, sadac

mocemulia ramdenime gamoxatuli portreti da sadac xalxi aRfrTovanebulia am

qalis silamaziT.

3.meore personaJi gmirs Sefasebas aZlevs rogorc kolegas. Sesabamisi epizodi

gadaRebulia samuSao garemoSi.

4.mesame personaJi aRfrTovanebulia gmiriT, rogorc martoxela dediT.

epizodis gadaReba xdeba saxlSi, bavSvTan erTad.

5.meoTxe personaJi gmirs Tvlis gzaabneul qalad da am azris dasamtkiceblad

an uarsayofad xdeba Sesabamisi epizodis gadaReba.

TiToeuli personaJi mTavar gmirs uyurebs Taviseburad, sxvadasxvagvarad,

TiToeul maTgans sakuTari Sexeduleba aqvs masze.

xSirad polarulad gansxvavebul am SefasebaTa Sejereba gvaZlevs gmiris

araerTferovan saxes. realisturi nawarmoebis gmiri ar SeiZleba gamoixatos

erTi _ TeTri an Savi feriT. Yyvela adamianSi aris rogorc keTili, ise boroti

sawyisi, mTavaria, ra proporciiT gvxvdeba igi gmirSi.

Ggasagebia, rom mTavari gmiris damaxasiaTebeli scenebis gadaRebisas,

operatoris winaSe dgas arc Tu ise ioli amocana. man unda Seqmnas gmiris

mxatvruli saxe, misi socialur-fsiqologiuri daxasiaTeba sxvadasxva

cxovrebiseul situaciaSi da amasTan, aucileblad unda SeinarCunos maqsimaluri

msgavseba da momentaluri cnobadoba.

Pportretis Seqmnis teqnika operatorisgan moiTxovs didi samuSao wris

Sesrulebas, dawyebuli msaxiobis plastikuri formis da saxis feris analiziT da

damTavrebuli saTanado, ufro gamomsaxvelobiTi ganaTebis povniT. mTavar

sirTules warmoadgens saxis plastikis Cvenebis aucilebloba, misi mimikebi, misi

gansxvavebuloba sxvadasxva ganaTebis efeqtis dros.

Ooperatoris amocanaa, damajereblad gadmogvces ekranze msaxiobis mier

Sesrulebuli roli. saSualo da msxvili xedebis portretuli kadrebis

kompoziciisa da ganaTebis xelovneba _ es aris operatoris ferweruli samuSaos

safuZveli.

Aadamianis saxis feri gansazRvravs ferTa palitras, mTeli epizodis

qoloritul kompozicias, romelic lagdeba yvela montaJuri kadris naxvis

Sedegad. Fferis sul cotaTi Secvla Tundac erT saSualo an msxvil xedze angrevs

mTeli epizodis qoloritul erTianobas. Ees gansakuTrebiT TvalSisacemia

ramdenime kameriT gadaRebis dros. sxvadasxva kameridan miRebuli gamosaxulebebi,

arazusti awyobis SemTxvevaSi, mkveTrad gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan

fergadmocemiT. sxvadasxva kameriT gadaRebuli kadrebis montaJisas, Tavs iCens

arsebiTi sirTuleebi.

Aamitom operatorisTvis aucilebelia Semdegi wesebis dacva: erT epizodSi,

erT montaJur kompoziciaSi saxis feri da simkveTre mudmivi, ucvleli unda iyos.

Ggmiris saSualo xedi, gadaRebuli civ tonalobaSi, ver damontaJdeba amave gmiris

an misi Tanamosaubris msxvil xedTan, romelic gadaRebulia Tbil tonalobaSi.

Ees operatoruli wunia.

26

Eekranuli portreti _ es aris rolSi gardasaxuli msaxiobis gamosaxulebaTa

jami an dokumenturi filmis gmiris portretTa rigi cxovrebis garkveul

monakveTSi. Aam saxis SeqmnaSi did rols TamaSobs msaxiobis garegnoba

(dokumenturi filmis gmiris garegnoba), misi saxasiaTo moZraoba, Jestebi, mimika,

figuris kavSiri fonTan da a.S.

gmiris saxe iqmneba mTeli rigi portretuli xedebisgan mTeli seriisgan.

amasTan, siuJetur-montaJuri kompozicia SeiZleba aigos rogorc

mravalricxovani statiurad gadaRebuli kadrebisgan, aseve gaerTiandes dinamiur

mizanscenasTan, romelic gadaRebulia moZraobaSi erTi xediT da Seicavs

sxvadasxva simsxvilis da araerTgvarovnad ganaTebul portretTa rigs.

zemoTmoyvanili hipoTezuri magaliTis gadasaRebad, rodesac Cven

warmovadgineT mTavari gmiris ramdenadme gansxvavebuli siuJetur-kompoziciuri

portretebi sxvadasxva cxovrebiseul situaciaSi, operators dasWirdeboda,

mobilizacia gaekeTebina mTeli Tavisi ostatobisa da codnisTvis, raTa gadaeRo

mTavari gmiri sxvadasxva ampluaSi, gadaeRo gamomsaxvelobiTad da amasTan ise,

rom gmiri cnobadic yofiliyo.

portretis gadaRebisas aucilebeli ar aris, gamoviyenoT e.w. rbilad mxatavi

optika. SesaZlebelia SemoqmedebiTad gamoviyenoT sxvadasxva difuzionebi da

badeebi, e.w. optikuri wanazardebi.

xandaxan saxe SeiZleba, moqceuli iyos CrdilSi, xelebi ki sinaTleSi. saSualo

xedis gadaRebisas, roca xelebi rCeba kadrs miRma, operatorma SeiZleba zustad

ver gadmosces gmiris fsiqologiuri daxasiaTeba. Aarc Tu iSviaTad, swored

JestebiT gamoixateba nawarmoebis mTavari azri. gavixsenoT surikovis suraTi

“boiaris qali morozova”, gacecxlebul qals aweuli aqvs ori TiTi, rac zustad

gamoxatavs misi dapatimrebis mizezs.

Tuki saSualo xedi _muxlamde _ mayurebels aiZulebs, yuradReba miaqcios

adamians, saSualo xedi _welamde_TiTqmis niSnavs, rom es aris mTavari gmiri an

erTerTi maTgani da masTan iqneba dakavSirebuli garkveuli dramatuli

koliziebi.

msxvili xedi iTvaliswinebs, rom Cven ukve kargad vicnobT gmirs. Zalian did

rols TamaSobs msxvil xedze mzera. Mmzeris mimarTulebiT datovebuli unda iyos

Tavisufali sivrce kadrSi. xolo mis Sesaxvedrad unda Cajdes montaJuri kadri,

romelic azrobrivad pasuxobs am mzeras. Ees SeiZleba iyos sagani an adamiani, an

raime movlena, saiTac mimarTulia es mzera.

Zalian msxvili, e.w. zemsxvili xedi, s.eizenSteinis mixedviT, mayurebelSi

aRviZebs intimur, ndobiT aRsavse grZnobebs mTavari gmiris mimarT.

unda gvaxsovdes, rom msxvili xedebis gadaRebisas axlos ganTavsebuli foni

iqcevs mayureblis yuradRebas da amasTan, xels uSlis kontraJuruli da ukana-

gverdiTi ganaTebis xelsawyoebis ganTavsebas.

amasTan, Tavad foni naklebad kontraJuruli unda iyos ganaTebis mixedviT,

vidre saportrete saxe. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, tonaluri gadasvlebi Suqsa da

Crdils Soris fonze gacilebiT rbili unda iyos, vidre Suqisa da Crdilis

kontrasti saxeze. Mmxolod am SemTxvevaSi gaCndeba haerovani garemos arsebobis

iluzia.

rogorc mxatvruli, ase dokumenturi filmi adamians warmogviCens sxvadasxva

mdgomareobaSi, mudmivad cvlad garemocvaSi. Ooperatorma unda uzrunvelyos

gmirisa da fonis harmoniuli Sexameba. Ggmirs disonansi ar unda Sehqondes fonSi,

garda im SemTxvevebisa, roca es winaswar aris siuJeturad Cafiqrebuli.

Mmoklefokusiani optikiT gadaRebisas, Zalian frTxilad unda gamoviyenoT

qveda da zeda rakursi, maT arcTu iSviaTad mivyavarT saxis proporciebis

darRveva-damaxinjebamde.

27

Uufro gamomsaxvelobiTi, meetyveli gamodis portreti (gansakuTrebiT msxvil

xedze), romelic gadaRebulia saSualo da grZelfokusiani optikiT, radagn igi

iZleva naklebad mkveTr fons da ufro plastiur gamosaxulebas.

saSualo xedebis gadaRebis drosac ki unda viswrafodeT, rom adamianTa figu-

rebi da irgvliv ganTavsebuli nivTebi, romlebic mdebareoben meore xedze, iyos

naklebad mkveTri, vidre pirveli xedis ZiriTadi personaJebi.

amisaTvis unda vimuSaoT obieqtivis diafragmiT F=1:2 da F=1:2,8. Aam dros

miviRebT SesaniSnav Sedegs rogorc msxvil, ise saSualo xedebze.

…...uZveles droSi, romeliRac gamoqvabulis binadarma, romelic mRvimeSi ijda

koconTan da RmerTis mier dajildovebuli iyo mxatvruli xedvis CanasaxiT,

SeamCnia kedelze mocimcime Crdilebi da scada naxSiriT Semoexaza misi

konturebi. albaT, es iyo pirveli mcdeloba, aRebeWda TavisTvis da

STamomavlobisTvis Tavisi Tanatomelis mocaxcaxe gamosaxuleba.

adamianisTvis damaxasiaTebelia mudmivad Seiswavlos sakuTari Tavi da

Tanamedroveebi, magram mxolod mxatvars ZaluZs datovos maTi gamosaxuleba, saxe

STamomavlobisTvis literaturasa Tu ferweraSi, skulpturasa Tu fotografiaze.

oRond skulptura da ferwera statiuria. am TvalsazrisiTac Znelia, ar

daafaso kinosa da televiziis mniSvneloba, romelic Tanamedroveobis,

garesamyaros asaxvisas iyenebs rogorc statuarul-gamomsaxvelobiT kompoziciebs,

ise sxvadasxva ganaTebas da plus yvelafer amas dinamiur kameras.

reportaJuli portreti

portretis gadaReba reportaJis dros _ operator-qronikioris samuSaos

sakmaod rTuli nawilia.

Mmovlena mimdinareobs drosa da sivrceSi. Mmas verc SeaCereb, verc gaimeoreb.

Aaq saWiroa namdvili snaiperuli muSaoba operatoris mxridan: garkveuli

movlenis mkacrad gansazRvrul droSi mimdinareobisas, operatorma unda gadaiRos

Sinaarsobrivad realuri,azrobrivad gamarTuli da formiT gamomsaxvelobiTi

kadrebi.

Qqronikaluri gadaRebebi operators uyalibebs Cvevas, wamierad moaxdinos

orientireba movlenaTa qaosSi, male miiRos SemoqmedebiTi gadawyvetileba, iqve,

gonebaSi Seadginos montaJuri fraza, moZebnos saukeTeso gadaRebis wertili

saTanado ganaTebiT.

Aadamiani kadrSi unda iqceodes absoluturad bunebrivad, ver unda grZnobdes

kameris arsebobas. rodesac adamiani SeboWilia, ver ixsneba, aseTi situaciisTvis

gamoiyeneba an Ffaruli kameris meTodi an Seguebuli kameris meTodi, rodesac

gmiri an saerTod ver xedavs kameras, an miCveulia mas da yuradRebas aRar aqcevs.

reportaJuli portretis gadaRebis dros gamoiyeneba kompoziciis igive kano-

nebi, rac sxva JanrebSi: kadris gawonasworebuloba, zusti kompoziciur-azrobrivi

aqcentireba, yuradRebis gamfantavi detalebis gamoricxva, yuradRebis miqceva

xelebze, rogorc adamianis meore saxeze.

Mmoqmedi gmiris xelebma SeiZleba gacilebiT meti iformacia mogvawodos

masze, vidre saxis gamometyvelebam an warmoTqmulma sityvam. zogjer ekranze

vxedavT, rogor msjelobs adamiani sakmaod saCoTiro Temaze metad gulgrili,

sakuTar TavSi darwmunebuli adamianis saxiT. gviCndeba azri _ nuTu is marTalia?

Aam dros operatori gviCvenebs am “mSvidi” adamianis xelebs da vxedavT rom

xelebi, ubralod, “gagiJdnen”. xelebi, rogorc sicruis deteqtori, amJRavneben

gamomsvlelis daZabulobas.

reportaJul portretSi kompozicia gacilebiT Tavisufalia, radgan gviwevs,

aviTvisoT garemo, romlis Secvlac ar SegviZlia, mag: gadavsvaT sxva skamze gmiri,

gavanaToT foni da a.S. Tumca, mxatvrul filmSic, romlis gadaRebac qronikalu-

rad mimdinareobs, garkveulwilad Semsubuqebulia kadrSi kompoziciis agebisTvis

saWiro mkacri kanonebi.

28

reporataJuli gadaRebisas operatorma maqsimalurad unda gamoiyenos mTeli

”arsenali”. Ees aris optikis SerCeva, e.w. optikuri wanazardebi, amreklavi Tu

eleqtro misanaTeblebi. Nnaturaze reporataJuli gadaRebisas warmatebiT

gamoiyeneba neitralur-nacrisferi (ruxi) filtrebi, romelic saSualebas gvaZlevs,

gadaviRoT obieqtivis didi SefardebiTi xvreliT da Sesabamisad, miviRoT

optikuri perspeqtivis SesamCnevi efeqti.

Pportretis gadaRebisas interierSi, xelovnuri an bunebrivi ganaTebis piro-

bebSi, operatoris winaSe dgeba ramdenime amocana: pirvel rigSi, Tavad interieri

unda iyos saintereso _ rogorc foni da adamiani bunebrivad unda erwymodes mas.

Mmeore _ interieris da masSi myofi adamianis ganaTeba unda iyos gamomsaxvelo-

biTi, anu kargad avlendes formas, faqturas, Senobis moculobas da amavdroulad,

xazs usvamdes adamianis mdgomareobas. Bbunebrvi ganaTebis dros, roca sinaTle

Semodis fanjrebidan da qmnis Zlier kontrasts Suqsa da Crdils Soris adamianis

saxeze, aucilebeli xdeba Crdilebis minaTeba. Ees SesaZlebelia, rogorc

amreklavi misanaTeblebis saSualebiT, aseve eleqtromisanaTebeli mowyobilobe-

biT, romelTa feris temperatura 5500 k-ia.

xelvnuri ganaTebis dros, unda gaviTvaliswinoT Semdegi piroba: interieris

sanaTurebisgan warmoqmnili Suqis efeqti aucileblad unda gamoviyenoT

portretis Seqmnisas.

dadebiTi da uaryofiTi xibli (garegnoba)

nebismieri adamiani Tavis nacnobebs Tu ucnobebs ganacalkevebs simpaTiurebad

an arasimpaTiurebad. TeatrSi, kinosa da televziaSi es cnebebi Secvlilia

sinonimebiT: adamiani dadebiTi xibliT da adamiani uaryofiTi xibliT. Aarc erTi

reJisori ar miscems dadebiT rols uaryofiTi xiblis mqone msaxiobs, Tumca

uaryofiTi gmiris rols xSirad asrulebs dadebiTi xiblis mqone msaxiobi.

saerTod, msaxiobTa sworad SerCeva es filmisa da speqtaklis warmatebis

sawindaria.

sirTule imaSi mdgomareobs, rom nawarmoebis ZiriTadi idea, dedaazri

gaxmovanebulia dadebiTi gmiris mier. Dda Tu am ideas gaaxmovanebs arasimpaTiuri,

uaryofiTi xiblis mqone adamiani, mayurebelTa umravlesoba mas ar daujerebs,

gulgrili darCeba am ideis mimarT.Aanu mTeli muSaoba wyalSi Caiyreba.

Ddokumenturi nawarmoebis msxvil xedze ver damalav yalb dapirebebsa da

Rimils, Tavs ver moiwoneb guldasmiT gazepirebuli lamazi frazebiT. Tvalebi

aucileblad gagcems.

saxviTi xelovnebis arc erT dargSi ise ar mJRavndeba adamianis xasiaTis

Tundac Zalze dafaruli Strixebi, rogorc msxvil xedze kinosa da televiziaSi.

ra Tqma unda, Cveni gadaRebis yvela gmiri ver flobs dadebiT xibls. Aarc

ufleba gvaqvs, am xiblis mixedviT SevarCioT gadaRebis obieqtebi , vTqvaT,

reportaJuli gadaRebis dros. Cven intervius varTmevT sxvadasxva tipis adamianebs,

Cvens gverdiT muSaoben gansxvavebuli xasiaTis da tipaJis Jurnalistebi. Aamitom

operators aucileblad unda axasiaTebdes “zomebis” SerCevis unari, Tu ra

simsxvilis gamosaxulebiT, xediT unda imuSaos ama Tu im adamianTan.

xSirad reJisori operators sTxovs, gadaiRos msxvili xediT, kidev ufro

msxvili xediT da ver grZnobs, rom xedis zedmeti simsxvile ukve “amaxinjebs’’ mis

gmirs. Aamitom, saWiroa operatorma droulad SeZlos SeCereba optikuri

miaxloebisas, rodesac iRebs mosaubre adamians.

zogjer ukeTesia, gmiri gadaiRo saSualo, welamde xediT, vidre Zalian

msxviliT. gansakuTrebiT, es gasaTvaliswinebelia momRerali msaxiobebis

gadaRebisas. simReris dros adamians eZabeba saxe, yelze ebereba ZarRvebi, Zalian

didze aRebs pirs da a.S. yvela es wvrilmani sakmaod usiamovno sacqeria da sulac

ar aris gaTvlili msxvili xediT gadaRebaze. Ees aris sceniuri simsxvile da

maqsimum, saSualo xeds moiTxovs. mZafri, dramaturgiulad datvirTuli dialogic

ki Zalian cudad gamoiyureba zemsxvili xediT gadaRebisas. xolo gmiri, romelic

29

usmens Tanamosaubres, musikas da a.S. SegviZlia gadaviRoT Zalian msxvili xediTac.

Mmdumare, yuradRebiT msmeneli personaJi mayurebels gadmoscems Tavis intimur

gancdebs.

peizaJi

peizaJi sruliad damoukidebeli Janria saxviT xelovnebaSi. televiziam es

Janri memkvidreobiT miiRo literaturisgan, ferwerisgan, kinosgan. Mmxatvari-

peizaJistebi mTeli cxovreba eZieben, rogor gamosaxon buneba mTeli Tavisi

mSvenierebiT. literaturaSi gvxvdeba uamravi magaliTi, YTu rogori aRmafreniT

aRwers mwerali garemos, bunebas.

Ffotografia, kino, televizia mudmivad ubrundeba am Janrs, iyenebs ra peizaJs

sxvadasxva filmsa Tu gadacemaSi.

1)formalur-obieqturi peizaJi. Ees aris, ubralod, faqtis dokumentaluri

konstatacia. Mmag: taigis, tundris, yinulovani udabnos fotografia. aseTi “civi’’

suraTebi amSvenebs geografiis saxelmZRvanelos, romelTac Tan axlavT aseTive

umetyvelo warwerebi:’’ase gamoiyureba taiga, taigaSi izrdeba kedari, fiWvi...”

aseTi suraTebis avtori gaxlavT absoluturad gulgrili adamiani. aseTi

suraTebiT xdeba ganxibvla araTu mayureblis, aramed Tavad avtorisac, radgan

araviTari doziT ar gadmoicema xibli da ganwyoba, romelic gvebadeba bunebasTan

miaxloebisas. Ggamosaxuleba gadmogvcems mxolod imas, rac avtorma dainaxa,

magram ver gadmogvcems, ra igrZno man.

aseT kadrebSi (fotoebSi) ar aris cocxali Rrublebi, romlebic miCqarian cis

dasalierisken, ver vxedavT, rogor brwyinavs dilis nami balaxsa da foTlebze,

ver vgrZnobT, ra lamazia cisfrad mocimcime Tovli Tu rZesaviT Sededebuli

nisli. AaseT peizaJebSi ar aris gadmocemuli bunebis is mSveniereba, romelic

gaxlavT swored xelovnebis obieqti, muza.

2) peizaJi-garemo, peizaJi-foni.

Ggarkveuli filmis an gadacemis gadaRebisas, Cven guldasmiT virCevT

moqmedebis adgils im dramaturgiuli kolizisaTvis, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia

scenariT. Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom peizaJi TamaSobs damxmare rols, naturis

xasiaTi da mdgomareoba unda pasuxobdes epizodSi mimdinare moqmedebas, Tanac

ramdenime parametriT. es aris _ epoqa, romelSic xdeba moqmedeba nawarmoebSi,

wlis dro, dRe-Ramis monakveTi, atmosferuli pirobebi da a.S. naTelia, rom

maRali Zabvis eleqtrogadamcemi boZebis gamosaxuleba ar Cajdeba me-18 saukunis

peizaJSi. norCi, mwvane balaxi axasiaTebs gazafxuls, Semodgoma oqrosfer-

narinjisferi ferebiTaa Semosili, zamTari ki TeTri-mocisfro qoloritiT

xasiaTdeba da a.S.

3)peizaJi-epiTeti

Ees aris avtoris TvaliT danaxuli peizaJi. aseTma peizaJma xazi unda gausvas,

gaaZlieros gmiris fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba, TiTqos mxari unda dauWiros mas.

,mag: gmiri mowyenilia da bunebac moRrubluli, naRvliania, irxeva xis totebi,

wvima cris, yvelaferi irgvliv uxasiaTodaa TiTqos...

peizaJi-epiTeti SeiZleba pasuxobdes gmiris mdgomareobas da SeiZleba piriqiT,

iyos misi xasiaTis sapirispiro ganwyobis. Mmag: gmirs SeemTxva tragedia, xolo

peizaJi _ mziani, mxiaruli, maJorulia. amiT TiTqos mtkicdeba _ buneba

maradiulia, igi Tavisufalia, xolo adamianis cxovrebaSi aris rogorc bednieri,

ise ubeduri momentebi, radgan igi mokvdavia. aseTi urTierTsapirispiro

mdgomareoba adamianisa da bunebisa xSirad ufro Zlierad moqmedebs mayurebelze,

vidre peizaJisa da gmiris xasiaTis Tanxvedra.

4)peizaJi-saxe, peizaJi-simbolo _ es aris gmiris TvaliT danaxuli peizaJi. Ees

aris gmiris ganwyoba-xasiaTis plastikuri, gamomsaxvelobiTi gardasaxva mocemul

momentSi. cxovrebis sxvadasxva periodSi gmiri garemos sxvadasxvagvarad aRiqvams,

radgan SeiZleba igi iyos bednieri, ubeduri, mowyenili, mxiaruli, janmrTeli,

avadmyofi da a.S.

30

warmovidginoT soflis quCa, sadac cxovrobs gmiri. filmSi vxedavT, rom is

mrvaljer brundeba saxlSi am quCiT xan dRisiT, xan RamiT. Aanu es quCa CvenTvis

ukve nacnobia, TiTqos mravali weli vicxovroT aq, gmiris mezoblad.

...da ai, gmiri saxlSi brundeba daWrili. is midis bavSvobidan nacnob quCaze,

xolo saxlebi irweva da dacuraven mis dabindul TvalebSi. Aai, is daeca...

qvemodan, miwis zedapiridan quCa sruliad ucxo Cans, saxlebi _ veberTela,

mSobliuri WiSkari ki Zalian Sorsaa, Zalac aRar SerCa, rom miforTxdes...

...ai, is ipoves,icnes, aiyvanes, raRac sakacismagvariT mihyavT... da pirqvedawo-

lili am sakaceze, is xedavs TiTqos nacnob, gadadRabnil saxeebs, ayiravebul

xeebs...

Aavtori amiT peizaJs tvirTavs sxvadasxva adamianuri gancdebiT da mayurebe-

lic aRiqvams mas, rogorc gmiris grZnobebis da emociebis Widilis gansaxierebas.

Ggmiris mdgomareoba epizodidan epizodSi SeiZleba Seicvalos. Cven saSualeba

gvaqvs, ekranze vnaxoT misi sizmrebi, ocnebebi, halucinaciebi... amasTan, aseTi

irealuri kompoziciebi SeiZleba, Seexos peizaJsac, portretsac, interiersac,

naturmortsac. Aanu yvela Janrs, romelTaganac Sedgeba filmi. bavSvobidan

nacnobi peizaJis gmiris TvaliT danaxva operators aZlevs uzarmazar saSualebas,

SemoqmedebiTad gamoiyenos rakursi, kameris moZraobis ritmi, optikuri

wanazardebi, filtrebi...

filmSi “ivanes bavSvoba’’ (reJ. tarkovski, operatori_iusovi) naCvenebia naTe-

li aryis xis tye, sadac TiTqos dafrinavs kamera _ es bednieri, mocekvave gmiris

TvalebiT “xedavs’’ operatori Walas. Aai, kamera gaCerda da kadrSi Semocurda

mocekvave gmiri. Kkamera xdeba avtoris “Tvalebi’’. Aase, erT kadrSi Seicvala

“kameris damokidebuleba’’ momxdarTan..

peizaJi-lakonizmi

peizaJi, rogorc filmis, epizodis srulfasovani kompoziciuri elementi,

imisda miuxedavad, rad gvevlineba igi _ fonad, epiTetad, simbolod, aucileblad

asrulebs gansazRvrul gamomsaxvelobiT rols.

Aam rolis Sesabamisad, peizaJma maqsimalurad unda gadmogvces epizodis gan-

wyobileba da ar unda gvevlinebodes igi mxolod samontaJo kadrad.

peizaJSi garkveviT unda ikiTxebodes mTavari azrobrivi motive. Aaqedan

gamomdinareobs gardauvali moTxovna _ gavaTavisufloT igi zedmeti, yuradRebis

gadamtani elementebisgan, ar davuSvaT kompoziciuri gadatvirTva.

peizaJis lakonuroba momavalma reJisorma da operatorma unda Seiswavlos

klasikuri literaturuli nawarmoebidan.

peizaJis gadaRebisas gaTvaliswnebuli unda iqnas bunebrivi ganaTeba naturaze:

kontarastuli Suq-Crdili kaSkaSa mzis dros, rbili tonaluri gadasvlebi

moRrublul amindSi, silueturi gamosaxuleba daisiT gaferadebuli cis fonze,

saavdrod Seyrili Rrublebi, nisli, anareklebi wyalze da a.S.

qalaqis an soflis peizaJis gadaReba umjobesia, davgegmoT saRamos, Sebindebi-

sas, roddesac inTeba lampionebi, naTdeba saxlis fanjrebi, moCans gzad mimavali

avtomobilis Suqfarebi _ es aris e.w. “reJimuli dro’’. marTalia, metad xanmokle,

grZeldeba daaxloebiT 30-40 wuTi, samagierod am tipis gadaRebebi saSualebas

aZlevs operators, gamoiyenos yvelaze gamomsaxveli saRebavebi operatoris

palitridan.

peizaJis gadaReba SeiZleba nebismier amindSi. Eeqstremaluri meteorologiuri

situacia yovelTvis qmnis ganumeorebel xasiaTs peizaJSi. Mmag: wvima aZlierebs

tonaluri perspeqtivis SegrZnebas. amasTan, sveli miwidan, foTlebidan, qvebidan

yalibdeba mkveTri anareklebi, rac damatebiTi saSualebaa kadrisTvis gamomsaxve-

lobis misaniWeblad.

imisaTvis rom ar elodon bunebis wyalobas, mxatvruli filmis operatorebi

aqtiurad iyenebn TavianTi teqnikuri arsenalis srul SesaZleblobas. Mmag: Weqa-

31

quxilis efeqtis Sesaqmnelad swored im epizodSi, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia

scenariT, operatori mimarTavs Semdeg SemoqmedebiT xerxebs:

*cis dabneleba saTanado mdgomareobamde xdeba damaCrdileblebiT an neitra-

luri ruxi SuqfiltriT.

*qari “qris’’ Zlieri ventiliatoridan. zogjer qaris efeqtis Sesaqmnelad

gamoiyeneba saaviacio propeleriani Zravebi.

*wvimas uzrunvelyofs wylis Wavlis gamfantavi specialuri sawvimari xelsa-

wyoebi.

*elvis imitacias ki viRebT ganaTebis xelsawyoebis wyvetili CarTva-

gamorTvis Sedegad.

Dda Tu Weqa-quxilis scenis gadaReba xdeba e.w. reJimul droSi, maSin kadrebis

gamomsaxveloba garantirebulia.

interieri

dResdReobiT bevri satelevizio filmis Tu gadacemis gadReba iwarmoeba

bunebriv interierSi. Ees metad xelsayrelia prodiuserebisTvis finansuri

TvalsazrisiT: saWiro aRar xdeba ZviradRirebuli dekoraciebis ageba, pavilionis

mowyoba an gadasRebi moednis dakaveba.

Tumca bunebriv interierebSi gadaReba garkveul moTxovnebs uyenebs opera-

tors, swored am Temaze visaubrebT qvemoT.

interieri pirobiTad SeiZleba davyoT sam saxeobad: daxuruli, Ria da naxe-

vradRia.

Ddaxurul interiers ara aqvs fanjrebi da, Sesabamisad, ar Semodis dRis Suqi _

es aris derefnebi, kinodarbazebi, miwisqveSa metros sadgurebi, Caketili Sida

kibeebi da a.S. aseT pirobebSi aucilebelia, maqsimalurad gamoviyenoT arsebuli

Suqis wyaroebi: CiraRdnebi, sanaTurebi, WaRebi, imisaTvis rom SevinarCunoT am

interierisTvis damaxasiaTebeli ganaTeba. Tumca aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi

gamoiyeneba damatebiTi ganaTebac.

naxevradRia interieri _ es aris sacxovrebeli binebi, saklaso oTaxebi, maRa-

ziebi, ofisebi da maTi msgavi Senobebi Cveulebrivi zomis fanjrebiT. Ffanjrebis

arsebobis gamo, operatori iZulebulia, aseT interierSi gadaiRos Sereuli

gadaRebis gamoyenebiT: dRis SuqiT (5500k), romelic Semodis fanjrebidan da

xelovnuri sinaTliT, ganaTebis aparaturiT, romlis feris temperaturaa 3200k. es

garemoeba ki ramdenadme arTulebs operatoris samuSaos, magram garkveuli

teqnikuri xerxebis gamoyenebis Sedegad, aucileblad miiReba sasurveli Sedegi. Ees

xerxebi ganxilulia qveTavSi “operatoris muSaoba SuqTan’’.

Ria interieri _ es aris Senobebi, romelTa erTi an ori kedeli iatakidan

Weramde mTlianad minisaa an saerTod ar arsebobs. mag: terasa, aivani. aseT

interierSi dRis ganmavlobaSi sufevs naturaluri ganaTeba feris temperaturiT

5500 k da zemoT.

gadaRebis obieqtis SerCevisa da daTvalierebisas Cven unda davadginoT, mzis

“migraciis’’ procesisas, DdRis romel monakveTSi naTdeba interieri yvelaze

gamomsaxvelobiTad.

Kkedlebis nawili _fanjrebis sapiripiro mxares_ ganaTebuli iqneba ufro

mkveTrad, vidre daCrdiluli, fanjaraTaSorisi monakveTebi. Sesabamisad, es

monakveTebi moiTxovs minaTebas. amisaTvis SegviZlia, gamoviyenoT rogorc

amreklavi misanaTeblebi, aseve eleqtro gasanaTebeli xelsawyoebi, feris

temperaturiT 5500k.

imisaTvis rom SevinarCunoT interieris gamomsaxveloba, guldasmiT unda

SevarCioT kadris kompozicia, obieqtivis safokuso manZili, rakursi, ganvsazR-

vroT rogor gamaSi _naTelSi Tu muqSi_ iqneba warmoebuli gadaReba.

Tumca, nebismier gamaSi obieqtis Suqisa da feris simkveTre (kompoziciis

yvelaze naTeli elementidan yvelaze muq elementamde) aucileblad unda jdebodes

matricis “fotografiul sifarToveSi’’.

32

imisaTvis rom gamovacocxloT arqiteqturuli sivrce da xelSi ar SegvrCes

mSrali, protokoluri gamosaxuleba, aucileblad unda gamoviyenoT Suqis laqebi,

aTinaTebi, anreklebi, fanjrebisa da porteris figuruli Crdilebi.

Semdgom saWiroa, ganvixiloT interierisadmi SemoqmedebiTi damokidebuleba

igive poziciidan, rogorc peizaJis gadaRebis pirobebSi.

Oobieqturi, formalurad gadaRebuli interieri _ es aris faqtis dokumenturi

konstatacia. Mmag: interieris civ, umetyvelo fotografias SeiZleba axdes

Semdegi teqsti: aq ama da am wlebSi cxovrobda esa da es pirovneba.

saxelmZRvanelo wignisTvis es foto misaRebia, mgram mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi

TvalsazrisiT aranair interess ar iwvevs. magaliTad, ama Tu im axalaSenebuli

sacxovrebeli binebis satelevizio reklamaSi xSirad gvixilavs aseTi

“obieqturad gadaRebuli’’ kadrebi, romelic emsaxureba mxolod informaciis

mowodebas.

interieri rogorc garemo, foni. Aam interierSi mimdinareobs garkveuli

moqmedeba, TamaSdeba aqtioruli scena an aris raime sazogadoebrivi Tavyriloba.

*dokumentur movlenaSi interieri warmoadgens moqmedebis adgilis

daxasiaTebas da fiqsirdeba bunebrivi saxiT, protokolurad.

*mxatvrul (dadgmul) filmSi an gadacemaSi bunebrivi interieri, romelic

gvevlineba fonad, obieqturad unda asaxavdes moqmedebis epoqas da dros, xolo

kompoziciurad da ganaTebis mixedviT _ xazs unda usvamdes scenis dramaturgias.

interieri-epiTeti. Ees aris avtoris Sexeduleba, romelic gamyarebulia

scenaris dramaturgiiT da mocemuli epizodis mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi

gadawyvetiT. aseTi interieris gadaRebis mizania, emociuri gavlena movaxdinoT

mayurebelze, igi axorcielebs dramaturgiis gamomsaxvelobiT mxardaWeras da zog

SemTxvevaSi gmiris fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis Tanxvedrilia, zogjer ki _

sapirispiro.

CiraRdnis mocimcime SuqiT ganaTebuli, Rrma Crdilebisa da gauwonasworebeli,

SemaSfoTebeli kompoziciis mqone interieri badebs sul sxva STabeWdilebas,

vidre mzis SuqiT avsebuli oTaxi, msubuqi fardebiT fanjrebze, sadac naTeli,

maJoruli ganwyobileba sufevs.

Tumca, rogorc peizaJSi, aqac SesaZlebelia, operatorma gmiris tragedias

daupirispiros mSvidi, harmoniuli interieri... an piriqiT, mxiruli, bednieri

gmiri, SeiZleba, SevagdoT WuWyian, bnel oTaxSi.

interieri-saxe, interieri-simbolo. Aaq operatori cdilobs, gadmosces ara

interieris miseuli xedva, STabeWdileba, aramed Tavad gmiris mier aRqmuli

interieri... gmiri avtorisgan gansxvavebiT, SeiZleba iyos sul sxvadasxva fizikur

an sulier mdgomareobaSiDda, Sesabamisad, gmiris TvalebiT erTidaigive interieri

sxvadasxvanairad davinaxoT. Uufro metic, sxva personaJebi am interiers SeiZleba

gansxvavebulad aRiqvmdnen.

Aamas garda, gmiri SeiZleba idges, iwves, darbodes, bolTas scemdes da a.S. da

misi sivrculi mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, gadaRebis rakursi arsebiTad

Seicvalos.

...mdidari vaWari amayad uCvenebs stumars Tavis apartaments. Ggmirebi nela

TavdajerebiT dadian oTaxidan oTaxSi da aseTive tempiT moZraobs kamera maT

gverdiT. amasTan, kamera SeiZleba iyos gmirebis win, gverdiT, ukan da igi

darbazebs xedavs gmirebis TvalebiT. RamiT am mdidrul saxlSi Seipara qurdi.

Zvirfaseulobis maZebari qurdis akankalebuli, nerviul-naCqarevi moZraobebi

“gadaedeba’’ kameras. Aam SemTxvevaSi operatori interiers xedavs qurdis

TvalebiT. xmaurze gamoCnda saxlis patroni, dainaxa ra qurdi, daiyvira da imave

wuTSi mas TavSi moxvda Sandali.iatakze davardnil, dasisxlianebul vaWars qurdi

miaTrevs xaliCaze da Tavis mdidrul apartaments vaWari ukve xedavs da aRiqvams

sul sxvagvarad, vidre dRisiT, roca stumars aTvalierebinebda.

33

Aam kadrSi mizanSewonilia, gamoviyenoT rogorc qveda rakursi, ise kameris

qanaoba (TiTqos vaWris Tavi qanaobs xaliCaze gaTrevisas), aseve kameris

obieqtivis vazeliniT Sezelva, riTac gamovxatavT saxlis patronis gonebis

dakargvamde misvlas (kamera _ gmiris Tvalebia).

“gacocxlebuli’’ interieri _ SemoqmedebiTi aRdgena gasuli saukuneebis

cxovrebisa Zvel saxlebsa da sasaxleebSi, msaxiobTa monawileobiT an maT gareSe.

magaliTisTvis ganvixiloT epizodebi filmisa “moskovis kremli’’.

1)ivane mrisxanes koronacia uspenskis taZarSi. Kkamera nela moZraobs taZris

SesasvlelSi sakurTxevlisken, romelic mdidrulad aris morTuli sazeimo

movlenis gamo da uamravi sanTliT ganaTebuli. Ggamoyenebulia moklefokusiani

optika, xedvis kuTxe farToa, taZari aRiqmeba didi masStabiT, amasTan kameris

moZraoba eqspresiulia. Oobieqtivis win, msxvil xedze, kameris svlis ganmavlobaSi

moCans oqrosfer olavarSi gamowyobili mRvdelmsaxuris xelebi, romelsac

frTxilad miaqvs monomaxis qudi. Aam SemTxvevaSi Cven taZars vxedavT xucesis

TvalebiT.

2)ormoci moisari anTebuli CiraRdnebiT da alebardebiT xelSi darbian

darbazSi, raTa Seamowmon, cocxlebi arian Tu ara mefis Svilebi (operatoric

kameriT xelSi maT rigebSia).

Mmorbenali operatoris xelSi moTavsebuli kamera interiers xedavs moqmedi

gmiris TvalebiT, am SemTxvevaSi moisaris. Semdgom operatori Cerdeba da

akvirdeba, rogor arbian moisarebi kibze. Aam SemTxvevaSi kamera gadaiqca avtoris

Tvalebad.

3)boris godunovi (msaxiobi) gaSterebuli daborialobs sanaTuris qveS. patara

sasanTleze damagrebuli sami anTebuli sanTeli ganTavsebulia pirvel xedze,

moboriale kameris win, TiTqos godunovis Tvalwin. Bbunebrivia, kameris

moZraobis traeqtoria guldasmiT iqna repetirebuli gamnaTebelTan erTad,

romelic Suqis laqiT gamoyofda ama Tu im adgils interierSi mizanscenis

Sesabamisad.

interieri nawarmoebis gmiri

1)xSiria SemTxveva, roca dokumenturi filmi an gadacema eZRvneba gamoCenili

xuroTmoZRvris moRvaweobas. Ooperatoris amocanaa, SeinarCunos arqiteqturuli

Zeglis xibli da silamaze, ar daamaxinjos igi kadris usufTao (araswori)

kompoziciiT an arabunebrivi ganaTebiT.

2)Tumca, zogjer interieri SeiZleba , iqces mxatvruli nawarmoebis mTavar

gmirad, romelic yvelasTvis yuradsaReb ideas axorcielebs Tavis TavSi.

...cariel saxlSi molaparake saaTi daJinebiT “aRviZebs’’ patronebs: “wik-wik, 7

saaTia, adgomis droa!’’ magram aravin ar Cans.

samzareuloSi mikrotalRurma Rumelma moamzada 4 sauzme _ 2 ufrosebisTvis, 2

bavSvebisTvis.

Weridan gaismis xma: dRes 2006 wlis 4 agvistoa. DdRes tilitebis qorwinebis

wlisTavia, moaxlovda wylis, Suqis, bunebrivi airis gadasaxadebis dro...

rvis naxevrisTvis robotebma aalages gaciebuli sauzme, Cayares nagvis yuTSi.

saxli TiTqos ganagrZobs cxovrebas. robotebi Seudgnen dalagebas, rwyaven

yvavilebs. Rumeli amzadebs sadils. mogvianebiT xeluxlebeli sadili iyreba

metalis sanagveSi. baRSi amoirtyocneba wylis Wavli yvavilebis da buCqebis

mosarwyavad. Aaq Cven pirvelad vxedavT, rom saxlis erTi kedeli damwvaria. moCans

ori bavSvis da ori mozrdili adamianis siluetebi, romlebic TiTqos fotozea

gadaRebuli maTi sicocxlis ukanasknel momentSi.

saxli martodmarto dgas nangrevebsa da ferflSi, Cven vxedavT, rom am qalaq-

Si mxolod es erTi saxlia gadarCenili.

xuT saaTze bavSvebis oTaxis kedlebi ganaTda, daiwyo sabavSvo gadacemebis

dro. 7,8,9 saaTia. kabinetSi Weridan gasmis xma: misis maklelan, romel leqss

moismenT Zilis win? Ppasuxi ar ismis. igive xma: maSin me wavikiTxav Tqvens

34

sayvarel leqss! Dda kiTxulobs leqss bunebis mSvenierebaze, romelic ase

sruldeba: Tuki dedamiwidan aRigveba adamianTa modgma, buneba mainc gaiRviZebs,

kvlav dadgeba gazafxuli ise, rom verc ki SeamCnevs, varsebobT Tu ara Cven _

adamianebi!

saRamos 10 saaTze saxlSi Cndeba xanZari. robotebi ebrZvian cecxls, magram

wydeba wyali, iTiSeba eleqtroenergia. gamTeniisas saxli ingreva. gadarCa

mxolod erTi kedeli da am kedlidan ismis monoturi xma: dRes 2006 wlis 5

agvistoa...

es aris mokle Sinaarsi amerikeli fantasti mwerlis rei bredberis mSvenieri

moTxrobisa “iqneba nazi wvima’’.interieris garda, romelic aris mTavari moqmedi

gmiri, moTxrobaSi monawileobs peizaJi da naturmorti.

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom aq xalxi ar aris, moTxroba gvitovebs dauviwyar,

tragikul STabeWdilebas. Ees aris moTxroba-gafrTxileba. Mmasze Seqmnilia

animaciuri filmi.

filmebSi iSviaTad gvxvdeba epizodebi, gadaRebuli iseTi aRmafreniT, rogorc

es aris p.lebeSevis filmSi “ramdenime dRe oblomovebis cxovrebidan’’. Ees aris

epizodebi patara iliuSas bavSvobidan, roca deda mas aZinebs, roca is eTamaSeba

andriuSas, roca mTeli saxlis Semadgenlobas sZinavs... epizodebi gadaRebulia ise

wrfelad, iseTi wvdomiT, rom mayurebelSi iwvevs sinanulis grZnobas gardasul

bavSvobaze.

Dda kidev erTi magaliTi. tarkovskis cnobil filmSi “ivanes bavSvoba’’ erT-

erTi yvelaze SemZvreli, Tavisi tragizmiT, gaxlavT epizodi “SeSlili’’.

...faSistebis mier damwvari qoxidan gadarCa mxolod Rumeli da sakvamuri,

TiTqos zecisken gawvdili xeli, kedlis nawili, romelzec mimagrebulia sigeli

da CarCoze dakidebuli kari...

ra aris es? interieri? natura? diax, interieris narCeni, moxuci moWriale

kars urduliT ketavs, miuxedavd imisa, rom aRar arsebobs kedlebi da saxuravi.

diax naturac, radgan aq ar arsebobs Senoba rogorc aseTi. am SemxvevaSi zust

gansazRvrebas mniSvneloba ar aqvs.

naturmorti

naturmorti _ mkvdari buneba _swored rom operatoris xelovnebis nawilia,

romlis daxvewisa da srulyofisaTvis sicocxle ar eyofa adamians.

sinamdvileSi mkvdari buneba an sagnobrivi samyaro, rogorc axla ewodeba am

Janrs, mayurebelSi iwvevs cocxal grZnobebs, SegrZnebebs da rogorc qvemoT

vnaxavT, SeiZleba, aRviqvaT, rogorc simbolo.

naturmortis saSualebiT xSirad wydeba rTuli mxatvruli amocanebi. Asagno-

briv kompoziciebSi SesaZlebelia gamomsaxvelobiTad iyos gaxsnili garkveuli

idea.

naturmorti xSirad xdeba adamianis cxovrebis saCvenebeli suraTi da bevrs

gviambobs nawarmoebis gmirze. xSirad naturmorti gamoiyeneba filmis an

gadacemis kulminaciad. zogjer naturmortma SeiZleba Secvalos msaxiobis

gasaTamaSebeli scena.

Ffilmis an gadacemis kompoziciur struqturaSi naturmorts SeiZleba ar

eWiros mTavari adgili, magram igi iseve zemoqmedebs mayurebelze, rogorc sxva

Janrebisgan_portreti, peizaJi_ miRebuli STabeWdileba.

suraTis sibrtyis sagnebiT gadatvirTva, maTi araswori komponireba, natur-

mortis gadaRebis wertilis araswori SerCeva da amasTan aragamomsaxvelobiTi

ganaTeba iwvevs filmis warumateblobas da Sesabamisad, avtorTa Sromis

ganqarwylebas.

Nnaturmortis Janri pirobiTad, SeiZleba, davyoT orad: reportaJuli da

dadgmuli.

reportaJuli naturmortebi Cven xSirad gvxvdeba cxovrebaSi: es aris

xelsawyoebi, tansacmeli, sarkis win ganlagebuli parfiumeria, gaSlili sufra da

35

a.S. bazris daxlze dawyobili bostneulis “mTebi”, sayofacxovrebo sagnebis

“zedaxora”, an uwesrigod Camokidebuli tansacmeli warmatebulad komponirebis

Sedegad SeiZleba vaqcioT reportaJul naturmortad.

...miwisqveSa gadasasvlelSi ukravs musikosi. Mmis fexebTan violinos carieli,

gadaxsnili futliari devs. Mmsxvili xediT gadaRebuli futliari, sadac moCans

masSi Cayrili xurda fuli _ ukve naturmortia.

saagarako nakveTis kutikarze hkidia didi boqlomi, mis rkalSi garWobilia

daxveuli werili. Ees reportaJuli naturmortia.

erT-erTi yvelaze mravlismTqmeli, maRalmxatvruli reportaJuli naturmorti

gadaRebuli iqna 1945 wels, samamulo omis damTavrebis Semdeg:

...miwaze agdia jariskacis tyviiT dacxriluli CaCqani. naxvretebSi

amozrdilia balaxi. CaCqanSi Citis budea, xuTi kvercxiT. Ees aris meore msoflio

omis tragediis STambeWdavi simbolo da amasTan, simbolo sicocxlis

gagrZelebisa. Aam naturmortis fotom moiara mTeli msoflio. Qqvemexis lulaSi

gaCrili vardis Sto _ esec reportaJuli naturmorti-simboloa.

dadgmuli naturmorti _ iqmneba operatoris mier filmis an gadacemis

Sesatyvisad. Fformalurad dadgmuli naturmorti mayurebels acnobs saganTa,

nivTTa bunebriv Tvisebebs, maT formebs, faqturas, moculobas. Nnaturmortis

obieqtebad gvevlineba sxvadasxva sayofacxovrebo sagnebi _ SuSa, keremika,

plastmasi, metali, bewvi da a.S.

materialuri samyaros (an samyaros materializaciis) vizualurad gadmocemis

Tanadroulad naturmorti Seicavs garkveul dramaturgiul datvirTvas. Mmisi

Sinaarsi “muSaobs’’ filmis, gadacemis, reportaJis saerTo ides gadmocemisTvis.

gavixsenoT isev tarkovskis “ivanes bavSvoba’’.

...rogori siyvaruliT da mzrunvelobiT awyobs daWmuWnul xelsaxocSi puris

natexebs (da ara naWrebs), xaxvs, kvercxs kapitani xolini, ivanes meTauri...da

wamierad SeSdeba: ramdenad saSiSia, Cados iq loris naWeri?! albaT, ar Cadebs _

Tuki germanelebi Seamowmeben ivanes, ar daujereben aseT guluxv mowyalebas.

Mmayureblis Tvalwin xolini qmnis naturmorts, romelic pirdapir

gansazRvravs moqmedi gmiris sikvdils an sicocxles. aseTi naturmorti, romelic

momzadebulia moqmedebis Semdgomi ganviTarebisTvis, Seicavs udides

dramaturgiul datvirTvas.

rogorc cnobilia, SostakoviCis meSvide simfonia dawerili da Sesrulebuli

iqna leningradis blokadis dros.

filmSi “d.d. SostakoviCi’’ _reJ.a.gendelSteini, op. zilbergi_ romelic omis

damTavrebidan mravali wlis Semdeg aris gadaRebuli, avtorebma gadawyvites,

gaemeorebinaT SesaniSnavi simfoniis Sesrulebis momenti filarmoniis imave

darbazSi, sadac nawarmoebi pirvelad gaJRerda, Tanac musikosTa da msmenelTa

imave SemadgenlobiT. radiosa da gazeTebSi gamoqveynda gancxadebebi da daTqmul

dRes filarmoniaSi Tavi moiyares meSvide simfoniis pirvelma Semsruleblebma da

msmenelebma. Ddarbazi naxevrad carieli aRmoCnda, sakmaod SeTxelebuli iyo

orkestric.

...ismis dauviwyari musika. skamebze, sadac unda isxdnen Semsruleblebi,

dawyobilia maTi instrumentebi. iq myofi musikosebi asruleben TavianT partiebs.

Mmoxucebuli k.eliasbergi diriJorobs ise, TiTqos orkestri ukravs sruli

SemadgenlobiT. Kkamera gadaadgildeba uZravad dawyobil violinoebs, altebs,

valtornebs, violanCelebs Soris da instrumentebTan miaxloeba_SeCerebiT

gamoyofs maTSi solos Semsrulebels...

am epizods, sadac SemsrulebelTa msgavsad mTavar gmirebad gvevlineba

musikaluri instrumentebi, veravin ucqeris gulgrilad. ra Tqma unda,

STabeWdilebas aZlierebs umSvenieresi musika.

xSirad scenarSi gvxvdeba sazeimo sufris amsaxveli epizodebi, romlebic

eZRvneba dabadebis dRes, qorwils an raime sadResaswaulo TariRs. aseTi tipis

36

scenebi SeiZleba gadawyvetili iyos 15-20 msaxiobis meSveobiT. erTi maTgani

iqneba maspinZeli, danarCeni stumrebi. aseTi epizodisTvis specialurad iwereba

dialogebi, replikebi, ganisazRvreba moqmedebis ganviTareba, finali. Semdgom

xdeba mTeli scenis repetireba da gadaReba, montaJi da gaxmovaneba. Tumca es

epizodi SeiZleba gadavwyvitoT ufro martivadac. grZeli, lamazad gawyobili

magida. TeTr sufraze awyvia Zvirfasi Rvinoebi da delikatesebi, brolis da

vercxlis WurWeli. Kkamera nela moZraobs magidis gaswvriv. “gavlis” dasrulebis

Semdeg maSinve iwyebs moZraobas uku mimarTulebiT. Mmagida ukve sul sxvagvarad

gamoiyureba. Bboboqari mxiarulebis Sedegad naturmorti Znelad sacnobi gaxda:

damsxvreuli Wiqebi, narCenebiT da ZvlebiT savse TefSebi, daWmuWnuli xelsaxocebi,

sufraze daRvrili Rvino, viRacis langarze damxobili fizionomia... kadrs miRma _

yvirili, gineba, msxvrevis xma, braxuni da a.S.

magidis gaswvriv kameris erTma “gavlam’’ Caanacvla mTeli gasaTamaSebeli scena

Tavisi msaxiobebiT, dialogebiT da repeticiebiT.

filmSi “moskovis kremli” iyo mcdeloba aRedginaT ivane mrisxanes epoqis

samefo lxinis suraTebi.

gadaReba mimdinareobda kremlis mowaxnagebul darbazSi, namdvil samefo

satrapezoSi. Bbordosferi maudiT dafarul magidaze daiwyo xili oqros

langrebiT, fialebi, Tasebi... yvela sagani namdvili iyo, samuzeumo eqsponati

iaraRis palatidan.

cnobilia, rom ivane mrisxane gamoirCeoda TavSeukavebeli qceviT da xSirad

gamodioda wyobilebidan sufrasTan jdomis dros. avtorebi cdilobdnen,

aRebeWdaT misi mrisxanebis amsaxveli momentebi da amisTvis gamoiyenes

naturmorti.

vinaidan TiToeul nivTze pasuxs agebda muzeumis zedamxedveli, savalalo

Sedegis Tavidan acilebis mizniT, iatakze, kadrs miRma, gaawvines muzeumis 9-10

TanamSromeli, raTa daeWiraT gadmovardnili WurWeli, rodesac ganrisxebuli

ivane sufras gadaaZrobda magidas. Ddubli saerTod ar moiazreboda. Kkadrs

iRebdnen sami kameriT: erTi zemodan, meore-gverdidan, mesame _ pirdapir da

TiTqos sagnebi masze cvioda. kinogadaReba xdeboda ramdenadme Senelebuli

siCqariT (16 kadri wm-Si) da demonstrirebis dros moqmedeba gamoiyureboda ufro

mkveTrad da swrafad.

Aaqedan daskvna, dadgmuli naturmortis gadaRebisTvis saWiroa, gadaiWras

mTeli rigi mosamzadebeli sakiTxebi.

Nnaturmortis gamomsaxvelobiTi gadawyveta ganisazRvreba epizodis Sinaarsis

mixedviT. dramaturgiuli scenisa da saerTo saxviTi (ferweruli) gadawyvetidan

gamomdinare aucilebelia, Sesruldes Semdegi samuSaoebi:

1.SeirCes sagnebi.

sagnebi unda SeirCes tonis, feris, masalis mixedviT. naturmortis

kompoziciuri elementebi urTierTzemoqmedeben. isini SeiZleba esadagebodnen

erTmaneTs TavianTi garegnuli msgavsebiT, rogorc erTi servisis faifuris

finjnebi. magram SeiZleba, sagnebi antigonisturic iyos, mag: broils sirCa da

Tujis giri. Ees ori sagani erT naturmortSi gamoxatavs advilad aRsaqmel

gamomsaxvelobiT kontrasts da dramaturgiul konfliqts. maTi urTierTSexebisas

SeiZleba moxdes tragedia.

naturmortisTvis sagnebi SeiZleba, SeirCes Tematurad. mag: sadurglo,

sazeinklo, samedicino instrumentebi, magidaze gawyobili sauzme, sarkis win

ganlagebuli parfiumeria, sayofacxovrebo sagnebi da a.S.

naturmortisTvis SerCeuli sagnebi unda warmoadgendes epizodis gmiris da iq

ganviTarebuli moqmedebis irib daxasiaTebas.

2.ganisazRvros naturmortis kompoziciuri agebuleba, saganTa urTierTkavSiri

an urTierTSepirispireba. aqedan gamomdinare _ unda ganisazRvros maTi ganlageba

kadris svrceSi. aigos lakonuri kompozicia, ar moxvdes araferi zedmeti, yvela

37

sagani aucileblad unda pasuxobdes ZiriTad Temas. Ppirvel rigSi, unda gamoiyos

mTavari obieqti naturmortSi. gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom yvelaze mniSvnelovani

elementi iyos kompoziciurad centraluri an ganTavsdes kadris centrTan axlos.

3.SeirCes foni da safuZveli (grunti) naturmortisTvis. Ees metad

mniSvnelovani parametrebia, maT sworad SerCevaze bevradaa damokidebuli kadris

gamomsaxveloba da mxatvruloba.

warmovidginoT gausufTavebeli qaSayi, romelic devs daWmuWnul gazeTze

WuWyiani kedlis fonze. Dda meore qaSayi, moTavsebuli lamaz saTevzeze, xaxviT da

mwvaniliT morTuli, amasTan saTevze devs qaTqaTa sufraze. TiToeuli es martivi

naturmorti gviambobs patronebis cxovrebis wesze.

Nnaturmortis safuZvelic (grunti) da fonic SeiZleba iyos sul

sxvadasxvagvari: muqi an naTeli, priala an dalaqavebuli, mqrqali faqturis an

sarkuli, metalis an xis, keramikuli an minis, magaram zustad unda pasuxobdes im

sagnebs, romlebic ZiriTadia naturmortSi. Mmag: polirebul magidaze ar unda

ewyos agurebi da cementis nazaviT savse varcli. Dda Tuki aseTi SeuTavsebeli

obieqtebis gadaReba mainc xdeba, e.i. winaswar aris gansazRvruli igi dramatur-

giuli miznis misaRwevad da es urTierTSepirispireba dadgmulia Segnebulad.

4.gamoyenebuli iqnas optikis SesaZleblobebi da perspeqtivis kanonebi.

Nnaturnmortis mTavari, ZiriTadi obieqtebi, rogorc wesi, unda iyos mkveTri,

meorexarisxovani sagnebi ki sxvadsaxva xarisxis naklebsimkveTris. calkeuli

nivTebi SeiZleba nawilobriv gadaifaros meore nivTiT, raTa gaZlierdes siRrmis

efeqti. gamWvirvale obieqtebSi SsesaZloa Candes maT ukan mdgomi damaxinjebuli

sagnebi, es damatebiT gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs kadrs. Nnaturmortis gadaRebis

dros SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqneas optikuri wanazardebi, badeebi, gakvamvla, ra

Tqma unda, maTi gamoyeneba mibmuli unda iyos mTeli epizodis gamomsaxvelobiT

gadawyvetasTan, romelSic Sedis es kadri.

5.SerCeuli iqnes rakursi

Nnaturmortis gadaRebis dros kameris gansaTavsebeli wertilis arCevani arc

ise didia. Qqveda rakursi gamoiyeneba Zalze iSviaTad. Cveulebriv, kamera dgeba an

naturmortis safuZvlis (gruntis) doneze da kadrSi gvaqvs foni (nax.27) an kameras

uWiravs zeda wertili da yvela sagani proecirdeba naturmortis gruntze. xSirad

zeda rakursis erTerT naklad gvevlineba fonisa da fuZis sazRvari, romelic

“Wris” naturmortis sagnebs da uaryofiTad moqmedebs kadris gamomsaxvelobaze

(nax.29).

imisaTvis rom Tavidan aviciloT arasasurveli sasazRvro xazi fonsa da fuZes

Soris, maT Sesaqmnelad gamoiyeneba erTidaigive masala (plastikati, Tunuqi,

daWimuli tilo), riTac foni da fuZe TiTqos erTiandeba, xdeba rbili tonaluri

gadasvla fuZidan fonze (nax30).

6.unda Seiqmnas naturmortisTvis aucilebeli ganaTeba.

Nnaturmortis gadaRebis dros Seqmnili Suqis efeqti mTlianad emorCileba

epizodis gamomsaxvelobas da ganaTebulobas. gamomsaxvelobiTi gadawyvetidan

gamomdinare naturmorti SeiZleba gadaRebuli iqnes dRis ganaTebis efeqtiT anu

naTel gamaSi an saRamos, Ramis ganaTebis efeqtiT anu muq gamaSi. xSirad

ganaTebis wyaro Sedis naturmortis kompoziciaSi. aseT SemTxvevaSi unda

gvaxsovdes, rom magidis sanaTuris Ria feris abaJuri, sanTlis ali an navTis

sanaTis sinaTle kompoziciis yvelaze naTeli elementebia, magram ara mTavari

obieqtebi. xolo kompoziciaSi, sasurvelia, swored siuJetur-azrobrivad mTavari

obieqtebi iyos aqcentirebuli SuqiT.

38

Sesabamisad, aucilebelia, mivaRwioT kadrSi saganTa simkveTris iseT ur-

TierTSefardebas, rom miuxedavad masSi sinaTlis wyaros arsebobisa, mayurreblis

yuradReba mimarTuli iyos azrobrivad mTavari obieqtebisken. amisaTvis SeiZleba

magidis sanaTuris abaJurSi CavdoT TeTri qaRaldis furceli. amiT SevamcirebT

misi sinaTlis simkveTres. Aan gamoviyenoT naklebad Zlieri Suqis mqone naTura.

navTis sanaTs ki gavumuroT SuSa kameris mxridan, raTa alis Suqi SevamciroT.

Tu kadrSi ganTavsebulia sanTeli, maSin mis als ar unda eWiros didi sibrtye,

radgan mxolod mTavari obieqtebi unda iqcevdes mayureblis yuradRebas rogorc

Tavisi sikaSkaSiT, ise kadrSi dakavebuli

farTobis mixedviT.

ganaTebis meSveobiT Cven formirebas vuke-

TebT saganTa moculobas, warmovaCenT maT

formas da faqturas.

saganTa Crdilebi kompoziciis srulufle-

biani elementebia. amas garda, swored

SuqCrdilebis meSveobiT vqmniT Cven ganaTebis

sxvadasxva efeqts: mziani dRe, saRamo, Rame da

sxva dinamiuri efeqtebi.

39

sayovelTaod cnobilia arekvladi zedapirebis ganaTebis sirTule. Aarasasur-

veli anareklebis Tavidan asaSoreblad operatorebi eZieben ganaTebis xelsawyoe-

bis ganTavsebis ufro zust adgils an anareklebs gadafaraven xolme naturmortis

kompoziciis sxva sagnebiT. zogjer anareklebs faraven sapniT, amqrqaleben

specialuri spreebiT, iyeneben sapolarizacio filtrebs.

arapriala zedapiriani sagnebis faqturas kargad avlens kontraJuruli da

ukanagverdiTi ganaTeba. SuSis gamWirvale sagnebi ufro gamoxatulia kontraJu-

ruli ganaTebisas, oRond, aman SeiZleba waroqmnas arasasurveli anareklebi.

Mmetali SegviZlia gadaviRoT rogorc gafantuli, ase mimarTuli ganaTebiT.

oRond, aucilebelia Tavi avaridoT arasasurvel anareklebs. Mmetalis ordenebis,

monetebis, naklebad amoburculi bareliefis moculobebi ukeT vlindeba mkveTri

gverdiTi ganaTebis dros.

naturmortis gadaReba _ es aris saukeTeso skola operatoris daxelovnebis,

misi ostatobis srulyofisTvis.

ferSi muSaobisas, yvela CamoTvlil moTxovnasTan erTad operators uwevs

ferTan, qoloritTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba. Ees Seexeba,

rogorc saganTa SerCevas feris mixedviT, romelic an urTierTkavSirSi iqneba

mTavar obieqtTan an misi sapirispiro. qolorituli naturmorti ucileblad unda

iyos “mibmuli” interierTan, sadac is mdebareobs.

Ffoni, Suqi, maT ricxvSi feradic _ yvelaferi unda iyos daqvemdebarebuli

saerTo tonalur da qoloritul gadawyvetas.

perspeqtivis gamosavlenad an optikuri naxatis Sesarbileblad SegviZlia

gamoviyenoT badeebi, difuzionebi, gakvamvla, sadac kargad ikiTxeba mzis sxivebi.

ganaTebis efeqti gadamwyvet rols TamaSobs mayureblis mier naturmortis

srulfasovan aRqmaSi da saboloo jamSi mTlianad kadris gamomsaxvelobis

CamoyalibebaSi.

Nnaturmorti advilad uTavsdeba saxviTi xelovnebis sxva Janrebs: portrets,

peizaJs, interiers.

zemoT moyvanil moTxrobaSi “iqneba nazi wvima” swored naturmorti gvevli-

neba mTavar gmirad interierTan erTad. baRSi Cadgmuli, sauzmisTvis gawyobili

magida aris naturmorti peizaJis fonze.

Kkidev erTi magaliTi: gmiri zis oTaxSi, magidasTan, magidaze naturmortia,

fanjrebs miRma peizaJi. aq aris rogorc portreti, ise interieri, peizaJi,

naturmorti da amasTan yvelaferi es SeiZleba gadaRebuli iqnes moZravi kameriT.

gadaRebis dinamika

40

yvelaferi, rasac Cven aRviqvamT sinamdviled, aRiqmeba drosa da sivrceSi.Cven

realobas SevigrZnobT oTx ganzomilebaSi: meoTxe ganzomilebaa _ dro!

v.favorski

saxviTi xelovnebis “statiuri” saxeobebisgan gansxvavebiT kinematografi da

televizia flobs unikalur SesaZleblobas _ aRbeWdos garesamyaro moZraobaSi,

dinamikaSi.

Ffermweri, suraTis Cafiqrebisas, aseve irCevs garkveul wams im scenis ganviTa-

rebaSi, razec unda imuSaos. mag:Lrepinis suraTi “ivane mrisxane da misi vaJi ivane”.

Nmxatvris mier SerCeuli iqna ara garegnulad momgebiani dinamiuri momenti, roca

ivane argans urtyams Svils safeTqelSi, aramed mefis sinanulis, monaniebis

momenti _ garegnulad statiuri scena, magram tragikulad daZabuli. mTeli

sastiki moqmedebidan gamoyofilia erTi statiuri wami.

Yyvela ferwerul namuSevarSi, maT Soris mravalfigurianSi, mayurebels SeuZ-

lia warmoidginos moqmedebis Semdgomi ganviTareba. Mmag: a.ivanovis suraTze

“qristes gamoCena xalxSi’’, SegviZlia, vivaraudoT, rom wamis Semdeg xalxi

gaeSureba mesiis Sesaxvedrad, romelic suraTze sivrcis siRrmeSia.

Kkino da telenawarmoebSi nebismieri xalxmravali scena igeba avtoris Cana-

fiqris Tanaxmad. Yyvela kompoziciuri elementi (am SemTxvevaSi xalxi) ganuwy-

vetliv ireva, adgils inacvlebs. zogi nel-nela mcirdeba zomaSi da qreba

TavlTaxedvidan, zogic piriqiT _ gviaxlovdeba. da am bunebrivi uwyveti

moZraobiT qmnis mimdinare movlenis absoluturi utyuarobis STabeWdilebas. Dda,

rac mTavaria, yvelaferi es xdeba winaswar Cafiqrebuli, gamoTvlili mizanscenis

Tanaxmad. Dda aq Cven mivdivarT iseT cnebebTan, rogoricaa dro da sivrce. realur

cxovrebaSi drois monakveTi SeuZlebelia gavagrZeloT an SevamciroT _ erTi

saaTi yovelTvis erTi saaTia. Mmagram emocionalurad dros Cven aRviqvamT

subieqturad, garkveuli garemoebidan gamomdinare. magaliTad, sikvdilmisjilisT-

vis TiToeuli wami saukunod iweleba, bednieri adamiani ki ver grZnobs, rogor

dasrulda dRe.

realur cxovrebaSi SeuZlebelia erTdroulad iyo or adgilas, kino- da

telenawarmoebSi es SesaZlebelia.

SesaZlebelia erTi scenis moqmedebis dro davanawevroT calkeul “naWrebad” da

am fragmentebis demonstrireba movaxdinoT filmis sxvadasxva adgilas. magaliTad,

rogorc aris tarkovskis filmSi “ivanes bavSvoba”, ivanes dedis sikvdilis scena.

SesaZlebelia davabrunoT warsuli mogonebebis xerxiT.

Dda bolos _ SesaZlebelia SevixedeoT momavalSi. Ppolakis filmSi “daqancul

cxenebs xvreten’’, gmirs jer ar Caudenia danaSauli, magram Cven patara CanarTSi

mas ukve cixeSi vxedavT.

Sesabamisad, drois transformaciaze damokidebulia sivrcis deformaciac.

magaliTad, Seyvarebulebi mirbian erTmaneTis Sesaxvedrad. viRebT grZelfokusiani

optikiT. maTi urTierTiSexvedris drois gaxangrZlivebiT, Cven vadidebT,

vagrZelebT sivrces. Ggogona morbis Cvensken, kamerisken. morbis... da verafriT ver

gviaxlovdeba, ar izrdeba masStabSi, verafriT ver xvdeba Seyvarebuls.

sxvadasxva safokuso manZilis mqone optikis gamoyenebiT gveZleva saSualeba,

SevqmnaT pirobiTi dro da sivrce, realurisgan ramdenadme gansxvavebuli.

drois transformaciis TvalsaCino magaliTi gvxvdeba filmSi “mifrinaven

weroebi’’, borisis sikvdilis epizodSi. Mmomakvdavi axalgazrda kacis fiqrebi

gadadis arSemdgar momavalze ocnebaSi, mis qorwilze veronikasTan, romelsac

asruleba ar ewera.

Bborisis sikvdilis erTaderTi wami avtorebis mier gawelili iqna ramdenime

aTeuljer. virtuozulma, maRali klasis saoperatoro ostatobam misca saSualeba

operator urusevskis am epizodiT gamoewvia mayurebelSi Rrma tragikuli

grZnobebi gmiris dakargvasTan dakavSirebiT.

Cven gamovyofT sami saxis moZraobas, dinamikas:

1. dinamika TviT gadasaReb obieqtebSi

2. Suqis dinamika

3. kameris dinamika

es aris moZraobis pirobiTi saxeebi, magram, rogorc mogvianebiT aRmovaCenT,

TiToeuli moZraoba, Tuki igi aucielebelia, TvalnaTliv cvlis kadris xarisxs,

gamomsaxvelobas da Sesabamisad, mayurebelze mosaxden STabeWdilebas.

dinamika gadaRebis obieqtebSi

41

saxviTi xelovnebis Janrebi TavianT bunebriv mdgomareobaSi floben

moZraobis sxvadasxva elementebs.

peizaJi. aq yvelaferi icvleba wamierad. caze moZraoben Rrublebi da

gamudmebiT icvlian formebs. Qqarisgan irxeva totebi da foTlebi. jejilze Tu

mobibine balaxze Cndeba talRebi. wylis zedapirze cimcimebs mzis sxivebi, modis

Tovli, wkapunebs wvima...

interieri. Ria fanjaraze irxreva fardebi da kedlebze Cndeba maTi moqanave

Crdilebi. farda wamoedo skams da waayirava. orpiri qarisgan WrialiT gaiRo kari

da Tvalwin gadagveSala oTaxis mTeli perseqtiva.

Nnaturmorti. saferfleSi xrColavs sigareti. bokalSi irxeva Rvino.

Ffanjridan monaberi qari furclavs wigns. gaRebuli karidan daberili niavi dabla

yris nawerebiT gadaWrelebul furclebs, abrunebs yvavilebian larnaks, magididan

vardeba da imsxvreva bokali, iRvreba Rvino...

Aar unda dagvaviwydes rom naturazec da gansakuTrebiT pavilionSi Zalian

bevr moZraobas vqmniT Cven TviTon, xelovurad. Ees aris wvima, qari, talRebi

wyalze,Oorpiri, fardebis rxeva da karebis jaxuni interierSi, Yyvavilebiani

larnakis da bokalis gadayiraveba naturmortSi.

Tuki yvelaferi es ganvaxorcieleT profesionalurad, zomierebis dacviT,

maSin ekranze miviRebT absoluturad bunebriv moZraobas.

portreti. Aadamiani ganuwyvetliv moZraobs. ixreba, brundeba, SeiZleba

dapataravdes kameridan daSorebisas da gaizardos moaxloebisas.

sxvadasxva masStabis, simsxvilis xedebze moZraobis eqspresia ganicdis

mniSvnelovan cvlilebebs.

*Tuki saerTo xedze gmiri SeiZleba darbodes, daxtodes da energiulad

brunavdes,

*saSualo xedze yvela es moZraoba xdeba ufro Senelebulad, gacilebiT

mdored.

*xolo msxvil xedze yvela moZraoba unda iyos Zalian rbili, msubuqi, Torem

miviRebT gadRabnil kadrebs.

*rac Seexeba zemsxvil xeds, aq sakmarisia Tvalis erTi daxamxameba, rom es xedi

advilad damontaJdes msxvil da saSualo xedTanac ki.

Suqis dinamika

peizaJi. RrubelTa moZraoba ganuwyvetliv cvlis peizaJis ganaTebulobas.

Rrublebidan gamWolad gamomavali mzis sxivebi anaTeben sivrcis xan erT, xan

meore monakveTs. sagnebze Cndeba da qreba Crdilebi, anareklebi. moqanave foTlebi

warmoqmnian moqargul Crdilebs sxvadasxva nivTebze.

interieri. qarisgan ixureba da iReba darabebi fanjrebze. oTaxi xan

ganaTebulia, xan Camobnelebuli, TiTqmis bindia. saerTod kadri, romelic

gajerebulia muqi zedapirebiT da moculobebiT, anu gadaRebulia muq tonalobaSi,

tovebs Caketilobis, depresiis, Seviwrovebulobis STabeWdilebas. sinaTliT,

mxiaruli ferebiT avsebuli sivrce qmnis Tavisuflebis, bednierebis, sixarulis

grZnobas. Suqis Caqroba da anTeba oTaxSi, buxris Tu sanTlis ali, fanjridan

Semomavali elvis sinaTle _ yovelive es sagrZnoblad gardasaxavs, cvlis

erTidaigive interiers.

Nnaturmorti. Aaq gamoiyeneba Suqis yvela efeqti, rac gamoyenebulia

interierSi, sadac ganTavsebulia kompoziciis sagnebi. Aadamianma gaiara

magidasTan, misi Crdili daeca naturmorts. Qqarma Caaqro magidaze mdgari

sanTeli _ Camobnelda... aseTi magaliTebi uamravia.

Pportreti. Tavad gmiris moZraobisas gamudmebiT icvleba Suqisa da Crdilis

ganawileba mis saxeze, figuraze. sxvadasxva Suqis efeqtis dros adamiani

gansxvavebulad gamoiyureba. Mmag: magidis sanaTuriT ganaTebuli saxe gansxvavdeba

reklamis mocimcime naTurebiT ganaTebuli saxisgan da a.S.

Suqis cimcimi moZraobaSi gadaRebisas, mag:avtomobilSi, aZlierebs dinamikis

gancdas da cvlis Tavad gmiris gamometyvelebas.

Pportretis gadaRebisas SegviZlia gamoviyenoT yovelgvari Suqis efeqti,

oRond, erTi pirobiT, gmiri yovelTvis unda iyos cnobadi.

kameris dinamika

Tanamedrove teqnika saSualebas aZlevs operators, ganaxorcielos kameris

nebismieri tipis moZraoba da gadaadgileba, magram es SesaZlebloba yovelTvis ar

gamoiyeneba profesionalurad.

42

K

43

kameris moZraoba aucileblad unda iyos motivirebuli, emocionalurad

gamarTlebuli. Kkameris moZraobiT SegviZlia gamovxatoT adamianis nebismieri

grZnoba: SiSi, siyvaruli, gabrazeba, eWvianoba, sixaruli da a.S.

Kkamera unda moZraobdes mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu misi moZraoba

Tanxvedrilia kadrSi mocemuli grZnobisa.

Aaucilebelia, zustad dadgindes, romeli kadridan (sasurvelia statiuri)

iwyebs moZraobas kamera da romel kadrTan (aseve statiurTan) asrulebs.

sawyisi da bolo kadrebi unda iyos kompoziciurad gamomsaxveli, xolo misi

statiuroba saSualebas gvaZlevs, advilad davamontaJoT igi wina da Semdgom

kadrebTan.

ganvixiloT kameris moZraobis ramdenime saxeoba:

1.panorama

a)mimoxilviTi panorama

msgavsad imisa, Tu rogori tempiT vamoZravebT Tavs garemos daTvalierebisas,

operatoric statiuri Statividan akeTebs panoramas, raTa daafiqsiros sivrcis

esa Tu is monakveTi. Amis wyalobiT SegviZlia dawvrilebiT davaTvalieroT

peizaJi an pavilionis rTuli dekoracia.

mimoxilviTi panorama xorcieldeba rogorc uZrav Stativze damagrebuli

kameriT, aseve urikidan, amwidan, isridan...

am tipis panoramas uyeneben igive moTxovnebs, rasac kameris nebismier

moZraobas: sawyisi da bolo statiuri kadrebi unda iyos kompoziciurad

gamomsaxvelobiTi, xolo Tavad panorama unda Seicavdes saintereso informacias.

Ppanoramis siCqare (Statividan) ganisazRvreba obieqtivis safokuso manZiliT.

magaliTad, 180 gradusze panoramirebisas saWiroa imdeni wami, ramdeni

milimetricaa obieqtivis safokuso manZili.

Oobieqtivi F=28mm _ panoramireba 180 gradusze_ 28 wamSi.

Oobieqtivis F =50mm _ panoramireba 180 gradusze _ 50 wami

Oobieqtivi F =100mm _ panoramireba180 gradusze P_ 100 wami.

b)Tanmxlebi panorama

aseTi panoramis saSualebiT, Cven TiTqos kvalSi mivyvebiT gadaRebis obieqtis

moZraobas. Ees SeiZleba iyos mosiarule adamiani, mcuravi navi, afrenili

TviTmfrinavi an nebismieri moZravi obieqti. Tanmxlebi panorama SeiZleba iyos

horizontaluri, vertikaluri an rTuli, sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT moZraobisgan

Semdgari, romlis mizania kadridan ar gavides moZravi obieqti. Tanmxlebi

panoramis grZelfokusiani optikiT gadaRebisas, SesaZlebloba gvaqvs, miviRoT

iseTi efeqti, TiTqos Cven moqmedi, moZravi gmiris paraleluraad vmoZraobT.

g)gadasrola

swrafi, gaazrebuli panoramireba, wamieri, mkveTri Secvla erTi kadrisa

meoreTi gadaRebis SeuCereblad. Ppirvel da bolo kadrs Soris sivrce ignorire-

bulia, ar fiqsirdeba, waSlilia.

2.gavla

rogorc mimoxilviTi panoramisas, e.w. gavlis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia didi

sivrcis aTviseba da, amasTan, detalebis dawvrilebiT daTvaliereba.

filmSi “ubedurebis gza” (reJ. A.fordi, op. g.tolandi), gmiri Tavisi Zveli,

Raribuli satvirTo avtoTi Sedis devnilebis banakSi, sadac cxovroben Raribi

fermerebi, romlebic korporaciam TavianTi miwebidan gamoyara.

satvirTo nela moZraobs banakis dangreul gzaze, romlis gaswvriv dganan

sasowarkveTili adamianebi. Aaq e.w. gavla gangeb aris Senelebuli, raTa mayure-

belma dawvrilebiT naxos devnili sazogadoeba. erTi aseTi mravlismetyveli

gavla mTlianad cvlis vrcel naambobs, ambavs im tragediaze, rac SeemTxva am

xalxs.

Ggavlis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia warmatebiT gavaerTianoT mizanscenis ori

saxeoba: dinamiuri mizanscena, romelic moZrvi kameriT xorcieldeba da

siRrmiseuli mizanscena, romelsac iReben uZravi statiuri kameriT. 31a nax-ze

gamosaxulia parkis monakveTi, romlis xeivanSic unda gaiaron gmirebma. Aam

monakveTze sami xeivania _ erTi maRla da ori dabla. Ddabla mdebare xeivanebs

Soris gadebulia relsebi, romelzec imoZravebs urikaze dadgmuli kamera.

Tavdapirvelad gmirebi moZraoben zeda xeivanSi marcxnidan marjvniv. kamera

(Stativze, uZrav urikaze) axorcielebs Tanmxleb panoramas saerTo xediT

(pirveli nawyveti mizanscenidan 31b naxatze). Semdgom gmirebi eSvebian kibeze

44

qveda xeivnisken, eSvebian da uaxlovdebian statiur kameras (ori nawyveti nax 31g

da 31d), gmirebi TandaTan izrdebian zomaSi, es aris siRrmiseuli mizanscena.

Semdgom gmirebi Seuxveven qveda xeivanSi, moZraoben marjvnidan marcxniv.

Kkamera mihyveba maT da axorcielebs dinamiur mizanscenas. Aam SemTxvevaSi gmirebi

Cans odnav gverdidan da uknidan saSualo xediT (3 nawyveti 31a nax). mivlen ra

gadebuli relsebis bolomde, gmirebi Semouvlian relsebs da wamovlen meore

qveda xeivniT marcxnidan marjvniv (mizanscenis 4 nawyveti). Kkamera imoZravebs maT

win da gmirebi warmodgebian msxvili xediT (nax.31-v).

Mmizanscenis danawevreba calkeul nawyvetebad pirobiTia _ mTeli epizodi

gadaiReba erT “naWrad”. personaJTa aseTi xangrZlivi da gamomsaxvelobiTad

gansxvavebuli svlis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba Catardes seriozuli dadgmiTi

epizodi, ise rom ar moxdes gmirebis SeCereba da ar danawevrdes scena calkeul

samontaJo kadrebad.

Ddinamiuri mizanscenebis agebisa da ganxorcielebis ubadlo ostati iyo

operatori s.urusevski. man sxvadasxva filmSi gadaiRo uamravi gamomsaxvelobiTad

metad saintereso panorama.

Kkargadaa cnobili panorama filmidan “mifrinaven weroebi’’, rodesac veronika

midis gamwvev punqtSi, raTa gamoemSvidobos frontze mimaval boriss.

gaCerebuli avtobusidan veronika xteba xalxis masaSi (operatori mas misdevs),

mirbis skolisken, sadac Tavi mouyriaT moxaliseebs, miarRvevs xalxs. Ooperatori

yvelgan Tan axlavs mas, xan uswrebs moqmed gmirs da “uWiravs” igi msxvil xedze,

xan gverdidan iRebs, pirvel xedze gaelvebul adamianTa Soris. Dda yvelgan kameris

moZraoba xazs usvams epizodis dramaturgiul daZabulobas (datvirTvas). Bbolos

da bolos veronika miaRwevs skolis Robes, magram ver naxavs boriss. Eepizodi

mTavrdeba gmiris SesaniSnavi msxvili xediT.

M

meore magaliTi filmidan “me-kuba’’, axalgazrda kubelis dakrZalvis epizodi,

romelic diqtator batistas “gorilebma’’ mokles.

...damkrZalavi procesia moZraobs sigaris fabrikasTan viwro quCaze. kamera

adis liftiT 3-e sarTulze Ria SaxtSi, saidanc Cans mTeli quCa. Semdgom kamera

Caivlis sigaris xeliTgadamxvevel muSa qalebTan, saidanc gadis saxuravze da

moZraobs specialur bagirze (operatoris gareSe), romelic ganTavsebulia

procesiis zemodan.

3.daSoreba

daSoreba emsaxureba mizans _ miawodos mayurebels informacia principiT

“kerZodan _ saerTomde’’. Kkadrs viwyebT, magaliTad, arc ise didi arqiteqturuli

detaliT, ukan daxevisas, vaCvenebT mTlian gadasaReb obieqts, mTel Senobas. Aan

erTi gmiris msxvili xedidan dawyebuli daSorebis bolos vaCvenebT adamianTa

mTel jgufs.

magaliTisTvis moviyvanoT ori samontaJo kadri. Nnax 32,33. Ppirveli kadri _

patara CeCnuri dasaxlebis quCa. Ddaborialoben qaTmebi, ukana xedze TamaSoben

bavSvebi, gadi-gamodian zrdasrulebi. Mmeore kadri _ igive quCa gadaRebulia

gamongreuli alayafis WiSkridan. Aaq aucilebeli iyo optikuri daSoreba. igive

kadri, oRond dinamikaSi, iqneboda ufro gamomsaxvelobiTi, miiRebda logikur

dasasruls.

45

4.miaxloeba

Mmiaxloeba es aris daSorebis informaciuli xerxi. Aaq informacia

konkretdeba, obieqti ganixileba ufro dawvrilebiT _ saerTodan kerZomde,

adamianTa jgufidan mTavari gmiris msxvil xedamde, qalaqis moednis saerTo

xedidan CvenTvis saintereso Zeglamde.

Oorive xerxi _ miaxloebac da daSorebac _ operatorisgan moiTxovs erTi da

igive pirobebs _ sawyisi da statiuri kadrebi aucileblad unda iyos

kompoziciurad gamomsaxvelobiTi. amasTan, aucilebelia, arsebobdes miaxloebis

an daSorebis zusti da damajerebeli motivacia. operators yovelTvis unda

hqondes kameris ama Tu im moZraobis Sesrulebis argumenti.

cvladi safokuso manZilis mqone obieqtivebis gamoCenis Semdeg, operatorebi

xSirad borotad iyeneben miaxloeba_daSorrebis xerxebs. amasTan, optikuri

miaxloeba an daSoreba _ es aris obieqtivebis safokuso manZilebis rbilad cvla

statiuri kameris pirobebSi. Ooptikuri miaxloeba an daSoreba _ es gaxlavT im

xerxebis arasrulfasovani gameoreba, romelic keTdeba moZravi kameris

gamoyenebiT.

34-e naxatze naCvenebia optikuri miaxloebis SedarebiT gamomsaxvelobiTi

SesaZleblobebi (sur.34a) da urikaze damagrebuli kameriT gakeTebuli miaxloeba

derefnis boloSi mdgar skulpturasTan (34b).

zumis gamoyenebisas Cven praqtikulad ver viRebT axal informacias miaxloe-

bisgan, ubralod, gamoyenebuli ileTis bolos Cven vxedavT skulpturis ufro

msxvil xeds. urikis gamoyenebisas anu realurad moZravi kameriT gadaRebisas

saSualeba gveZleva, miaxloebisas davaTvalieroT derefnis gverdiTi kedlebi, iq

ganTavsebuli sagnebi, fanjara da fanjrismiRma sivrce. Bbolos mivuaxlovdeT

skulpturas da vipovoT saukeTeso wertili gadaRebisa da aRqmisTvis.

46

5.miaxloeba-daSoreba urikiT da amavdroulad zumis gamoyenebiT.

Uurikaze moTavsebuli kamera anxorcielebs daSorebas, xolo zumis saSuale-

biT Cven vakeTebT optikur miaxloebas da vinarCunebT xedis mudmiv simsxviles.

daSorebis dasawyisSi farTokuTxiani optikiT mSvenivrad Cans foni, garemo, sadac

ganTavsebulia gmiri. urikiT daSorebis bolos, roca stabiluri simsxvilis

SesanarCuneblad gamoiyeneba grZelfokusiani optika, Cven transformacias

vukeTebT fons _ igi iSleba, bundovandeba. Pportreti mTlianad ganyenebulia

garemomcveli pirobebisgan.

sapirispiro xerxi: miaxloeba xdeba urikiT, daSoreba _ zumiT. ganyenebuli

garemodan gmiri gadadis realur garemoSi.

6.Semovla

Ddistanciuri marTvis pultis mqone kamerebis gamoCenis Semdeg, romlebic

damagrebulia sxvadasxva sigrZis isrebze, Semovlis xerxis Sesruleba gacilebiT

gaiolda. risi uamravi magaliTic gvaqvs mxatvrul filmebSi. magaliTad, filmSi

“mcveli’’ es xerxi gamoyenebulia orjer: gmirebis cekvis dros finalur apofeogur

scenaSi _ orivejer absoluturad zustad aRibeWda gmirebis fsiqologiuri

mdgomareoba. Dda amasTan, orivejer gadaReba xdeboda sxvadasxva ritmSi.

A

adre am miznis misaRwevad scenis irgvliv wriulad ewyoboda relsebi, romel-

zec moZraobda kamera da Sesabamisad, msaxiobTa moZraoba-gadaadgileba SezRudu-

li iyo.

Tumca “mfrinavi” kamerebis gamoyeneba xSirad araprofesionalurad xdeba

xolme. Mmag: koncertebze, sadac Tavmoyrilia uamravi adamiani, kamera dafrinavs

win da ukan da operatori saerTod ar iTvaliswinebs panoramis azrs.

amasTan, aris obieqtebi, romelic xelmiuwvdomelia “mfrinavi” kamerisTvis _

es SeiZleba iyos Zegli an ZeglTa jgufi, romlebic ganlagebulia moednebze.

rogorc cnobilia, moculobiTi skulptura gaTvlilia yoveli mxridan daT-

valierebaze, amitom aseTi qandakebebis Semovla TiTqos mizanSewonili unda

iyos. Tumca, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom monumentaluri skulpturis daTvaliereba-

aRqma xdeba qveda wertilidan. swored amis gamo sulac ar aris saWiro mfrinavi

kameris gamoyeneba.

Aaris ori saSualeba, ganvaxorcieloT aseTi Semovla: an unda dayendes wriuli

relsebi da gadviRoT masze moZravi urikidan, skulpturis daTvalierebisTvis

47

yvelaze xelsayreli wertilze SeCerebiT. Aan ganvaxorcieloT Semovla-gadaReba

Ria avtomobilidan, romelsac brwyinvale amortizaciuli kiduli eqneba.

istoriul-SemecnebiTi filmisTvis “moskovis kremli” gadaRebuli iqna monu-

menti “brinjaos mxedari’’ (peterburgSi) da gamoyenebuli iqna Semovlis xerxi.

Ddaiqiraves Ria msubuqi manqana zis-110, gadaiRes ori dubli moZraobis sxvadasxva

mimarTulebidan. Kkadri gamovida STambeWdavi, radgan Zeglis ukana foni mudmivad

icvleboda (saavdrod moqufruli Rrublebidan mokrialebul camde) da iqmneboda

STabeWdileba, TiTqos petre didi cxeniT dajiriTobda.

7.stedikami

Ees aris mastabi-

lizirebeli sistema,

romlis saSualebi-

Tac Tavidan SegviZ-

lia, aviciloT rye-

vebi, vibraciebi da

vaxorcielebT iseT

ileTs, TiTqos kame-

ra haerSi dacuravs.

Mmiuxedavad imisa,

rom mowyobiloba

sakmaod moculbiTia,

operatorebi mas di-

di siamovnebiT iyene-

ben rTuli kombini-

rebuli panoramebis

Sesrulebis dros.

Kkameris dinamikis

yvela saxeoba ga-

moiyeneba gamomsax-

velobiTi xelovnebis

ZiriTadi Janrebis

gadasaRebad: portre-

tis, peizaJis, natur-

mortis, interieris

da a.S. mTavari moT-

xovnaa _ Semoqmede-

biTad gamoviyenoT

operatoruli xerxe-

bi.

sami saxis mo-

Zraoba _ dinamika

gadaRebis obieqtebSi,

Suqis dinamika da ka-

meris dinamika _

SeiZleba gaerTiandes

erTi saerTo Canafi-

qriT da ganxor-

cieldes erTi dina-

miuri kadris gadaRe-

bisas.

magaliTisTvis

gamogvadgeba epizodi

filmidan “es iyo,

iyo...” romelic mog-

viTxrobs rusuli es-

tradis ganviTarebaze XIX saukunis bolos da XX saukunis dasawyisSi.

Eepizodi “kabare’’ gadaRebuli iqna Zveli sasaxlis mdidrul darbazSi, romelic

oqtombris revoluciamde erT mdidar gemTflobels ekuTvnoda. Ddidi darbazi

moxatul-moZerwili WeriT dekorirebuli iqna plafonebiT, romelic SesaniSnavad

Seuxames interiers. Aam plafonebis ukan “Camaluli’’ iyo ganaTebis aparatura,

48

darbazis bolos agebuli iqna xelovnuri dekoraciuli kedeli, romlis iqiTac

Seiqmna vrceli naturmorti

gasuli saukunis Teatralur-saestrado aqsesuarebisgan. grZel magidaze ewyo

kostumebi, parikebi, manekenebi, maraoebi, lornetebi da a. S. kedelze ekida

msaxiobTa suraTebi da naxatebi.

operatoris mxarze moTavsebuli kameris moZraoba xorcieldeba borblebiani

urikidan. naturmortis gaswvriv gavla mTavrdeba xelovnur kedelze Camokidebul

sruliad Sav suraTTan “miaxloebiT’’.

rogorc ki miaxloeba dasruldeba, kamera aCvenebs Sav mindors, suraTi

“cocxldeba” _ es iyo mxolod CarCo, romlis ukanac mdebareobda kabares

Cabnelebuli darbazi. darbazSi yvela magidaze inTeba patara magidis sanaTurebi.

Kkamera Sedioda suraTSi, CarCo zed ecemoda operators (mas iWerdnen muSebi),

gaWimuli Spaleris kedeli ingreoda da kamera moZraobas ganagrZobda ukve

darbazSi, sadac erTerT magidasTan ijda wamyvani (msaxiobi).

sakmaod xangrZlivi miaxloebis ganxorcielebisas, wamyvani mokled gviambobs,

rogori saRamoebi imarTeboda am darbazSi Zvelad. misi sityvebis Semdeg: aq

gamodiodnen sxvadasxva Janris msaxiobebi, maT Soris mocekvaveeebi, darbazis

boloSi inTeba Suqi da patara estradaze, romelic aqamde arc Canda sibneleSi,

gamodis mocekvaveTa jgufi da asrulebs kankans.

sacekvao nomris dawyebidan zustad erTi wuTis Semdeg mTavrdeba es xangrZli-

vi “gavla’’. Semdgom kankans iReben montaJurad.

amrigad, am rTul gavlaSi gamoyenebuli iqna gasanaTebeli xelsawyoebis sami

jgufi: pirveli jgufi anaTebda did naturmorts interierSi, meore _ irTveba

kameris suraTSi “Sesvlisas”,anaTebs darbazs da wamyvans, mesame ki _ inTeba cekvis

dawyebisas.

36-nax-ze naCvenebia scena, sadac grZel magidaze Seqmnilia dadgmuli naturmor-

ti msaxiobTa aqsesuarebisgan. 37-e nax-ze moCans mTeli interieri, dekoraciuli

minaSenis da ganaTebis xelsawyoebis gegma. punqtiriT naCvenebia kameris moZraoba.

mTavari iyo is, rom mTeli es rTuli kompozicia, sadac gamoyenebuli iqna

bunebrivi interieri, naturmorti, portreti, sakoncerto nomeri, cvladi

dinamiuri Suqebi, kameris urTulesi “gavla”, mofiqrebuli da dagegmili iyo

gadaRebis mosamzadebel periodSi, amis Semdgom Sesrulda butaforiulad da

gadaRebul iqna Canafiqris Sesabamisad.

II nawili

Ooperatoris muSaoba SuqTanA

Suqi ara marto aucilebeli pirobaa kinosa da televiziaSi gamosaxulebis

misaRebad, aramed, erTerTi uZlieresi SemoqmedebiTi saSualeba. Gganwyobisa da

grZnobebis yvelaze faqizi niuansebic ki SeiZleba gamovavlinoT da win

wamovwioT Suqis

meSveobiT. SuqTan muSaobis

xelovneba did rols

TamaSobs operatoris

profesiaSi. erTi da igive

kadri, oRond

sxvadasxvagvarad

ganaTebuli, mayurebelze

tovebs absoluturad

gansxvavebul, zogjer

sapirispiro STabeWdilebas.

ra aris Suqi

fizikidan viciT, rom

Suqi e saris sxivuri

energiis nakadi, romelsac

Tvali mxedvelobis

grZnobiT aRiqvams.

sinaTlis energia

eleqtrotalRebi 1000km

radiotalRebi 1km

hercis sxivebi 1m_1mm

infrawiTeli

sxivebi

0,001mm-mde

xiluli sinaTle 390_770nm

ultraiisferi

sxivebi

10-10m-mde

rendgenis sxivebi molekulebi,atomebi

kosmosuri

sxivebi

10-13m_mde,atomTa

birTvebi

49

gansxvavdeba sxva sxivuri energiebisgan mxolod talRis sigrZiT. swored talRis

sigrZe ganapirobebs gamosxivebis xarisxs. rogorc cxrili gviCvenebs,

eleqtromagnituri rxevebis speqtri sakmaod farToa, talRebis diapazoni _

uzarmazari

radiogamosxiveba, infrawiTeli sxivebi, TvaliT aRqmuli sinaTle, uxilavi

ultraiisferi sxivebi _ yovel maTgans aqvs erTnairi xasiaTi, emorCileba

erTidaigive kanonebs, magram talRis sigrZis gansxvavebulobidan gamomdinare,

zemoqmedeben gansxvavebulad.

sxivuri energiis yvela saxeoba aRiqmeba sxvadasxva mimRebi xelsawyoebiT da

mxolod sinaTles aRviqvamT TvaliT _ RmerTis mier Seqmnili unikaluri

grZnobis organoTi.

sinaTlis speqtruli Semadgenlba

TeTri sinaTlis nakadi prizmis saSualebiT SegviZlia davSaloT uwyvet

speqtrad, romelSic erTi feri TandaTanobiT gadadis meoreSi. speqtris xiluli

nawilis feradi monakveTebis sazRvrebi dadginda Semdegnairad:

iisferi _ 390-440 nm

lurji _ 440-480 nm

cisferi _ 480-510 nm

mwvane _ 510-575 nm

yviTeli _ 575-585 nm

narinjisferi _ 585-620 nm

wiTeli _ 620-77 nm

miuxedavad imisa, rom xilul sinaTles saerTo nakadSi uWiravs sakmaod umniSv-

nelo adgili (390-770 nm), speqtris es mikroskopuli monakveTi saSualebas aZlevs

adamians, mxedvelobiT aRiqvas garesamyaros uTvalavi SuqCrdili da feradi

saxesxvaoba.

talRis sigrZis sxvaoba Cveni Tvalis mier aRiqmeba rogorc sxvaoba ferSi.

Tvalis baduris mgrZnobeloba erTnairi ar aris xiluli speqtris yvela

Semadgeneli nawilisTvis. mgrZnobelobis maqsimumi modis moyviTalo-momwvano

nawilze (555nm). rogorc 38-e nax-ze Cans, speqtris orive kidisken Tvalis mgrZnobe-

loba mkveTrad ecema. F

feris temperatura

feris temperatura es aris efeqturi sidide, romelic utoldeba absoluturad

Savi sxeulis temperaturas. Nnebismieri wyaros sinaTle xasiaTddeba absoluturad

Savi sxeulis feris temperaturiT, romlis drosac absoluturad Savi sxeuli

gvaZlevs sinaTles, romelic feris mixedviT identuria mocemuli wyaros

sinaTlisa.

Aabsoluturad Savi sxeuli (abstraqtuli samecniero instrumenti) siTburi

gamomsxivebeli gamohyofs yovel garkveul temperaturaze sruliad gansazRvruli

speqtruli Semadgenlobis sinaTles. Aabsoluturad Savi sxeuli STanTqavs masze

dacemul yvela eleqtromagnitur gamosxivebas. Uufro zust warmodgenas absolu-

turad Sav sxeulze Segviqmnis gaumWirvale Rru sxeuli minimaluri xvreliT.

Aabsoluturad Savi sxeulis gamosxivebis speqtri ganisazRvreba mxolod misi

temperaturiT.

viciT, rom eleqtroqselSi

normaluri Zabvis dros

varvarebis naTurebis volfra-

mis spirali asxivebs TeTr

sinaTles. Zabvis momatebisas

spirali anaTebs Zalian

mkveTrad (kaSkaSebs), mere ki

gadaiwveba. Aanu volframi

gadneba. Aaxla ganvixiloT

Zabvis cvlilebis procesi

ukumimarTulebiT. Nnormaluri

Zabvis dros naTuris Zafi

anaTebs mkveTrad, Zabvis

TandaTanobiT klebisas,

SevamCnevT, rom Zafis naTeba

fermkrTaldeba, mere xdeba

50

mkveTri wiTeli, wiTeli, muqi wiTeli, muqi Jolosferi da bolos ruxi. igive

process SegviZlia davakvirdeT martenis RumelSi liTonis dnobisas.

Nnebismieri sxeulis temperatura _ es aris molekulebis moZraoba, rac ufro

swrafad moZraoben molekulebi, miT maRalia temperatura.

Aamrigad, TiToeul temperaturas Seesabameba sruliad gansazRvruli (garkveu-

li) gamosxiveba ucvleli feris temperaturiT.

temperaturis daweviT Cven SevanelebT molekulebis moZraobas, xolo klebis

gagrZelebis Sedegad, SesaZlebelia, dadges momenti, roca molekulebi saerTod

wyveten moZraobas. Ees xdeba absoluturad nulvan temperaturaze, romelic udris

-273,16 gradus celsiuss. SegviZlia, vivaraudoT, rom gagrilebuli ruxi feris

metali absolutur nulovan temperaturaze miiRebs Sav fers da gadaiqceva

absoluturad Sav sxeulad.

Aabsoluturi nuli iTvleba feris temperaturis aTvlis wertilad. Fferis

temperatura ganisazRvreba kelvinebSi. Aamrigad, feris temperatura gamoisaxeba

cifriT, romelic 273-iT metia, vidre igive temperatura celsiusSi. Mmag: 4000

gradusi celsiusiT udris feris temperaturas 4273 kelvini.

gadaRebis procesisTvis mTavari aris ganaTebis wyaros gamosxivebaSi lurji

da wiTeli Semadgenlobis Tanafardoba, radganac maszea garkveuli xarisxiT

damokidebuli gamosaxulebis xasiaTi. rac ufro metia gamosxivebaSi wiTeli, miT

ufro dabalia feris temperatura. magaliTad, anTebuli sanTlis alis feris

temperatura 1800k, varvarebis halogenuri naTuris _ 3200 k, Cveulebrivi naTuris _

2650 k. amasTan, sinaTlis wyaros simZlavres araviTari mniSvneloba ar aqvs. Tuki

Cven 200 vatiani varvarebis naTuris win, romlis feris temperaturaa 3200 k,

davamagrebT cisfer sakompensacio filtrs da amiT feris temperaturas avwveT

5500 k-mde, amiT naTuris simZlavre ar Seicvleba.

5500 k _ es aris saSualo maCvenebeli mzis pirdapiri ganaTebis feris tempera-

turisa (4800 k) da gafantuli ganaTebis (6500 k) feris temperaturas Soris.

Fferis temperaturis skala sakmaod farToa:

0 _ absoluturad nulovani temperatura anu -273 gr. cels.

1700 _ asanTis ali

1800 _ sanTlis ali

2650 _ 100 vatiani varvarebis naTura

3050 – proJeqtoris naTura 500 vt varvarebis

3220 _ halogenuri varvarebis naTura

4800 _ mzis pirdapiri sinaTle

5500 _ intensiuri naTebis rkali

6500 _ ganaTeba Rrublian amindSi, gafantuli ganaTeba

800 – 10000 _ mocisfro-monacrisfro ca

20000 _ molurjo-mocisfro ca

22000 _ lurji ca (mTebSi)

sinaTlis gavrceleba

erTnair (erTgvar) garemoSi sinaTle vrceldeba sworxazovnad. Ees faqti

advilad mowmdeba sxvadasxva sagnebidan dacemuli Crdilebis arsebobiT, rac

TvalsaCinos xdis, rom sinaTlis sxivebi _ pirdapiria.

sinaTlis sworxazovani gavrcelebis Tanadroulad xdeba eleqtromagnituri

xasiaTis ganivi ( gardi- gardmo) rxevebi, vibraciebi.

C=λ∙V sadac C –sinaTlis an sxva eleqtromagnituri talRebis siCqarea, λ –talRis

sigrZe, V_rxevis sixSire.

radgan C=300 000 km/sT da es sidide mudmivia nebismieri eleqtromagnituri

gamosxivebisas, maSin λ∙V –c mudmivia. Sesabamisad, rac moklea talRis sigrZe, miT

metia rxevis sixSire, radagan λ∙V yovelTvis unda udrides 3000000 –s. sinaTlis

nakadis rxevis sixSire daaxloebiT 1014-ia. rxeva xdeba mimarTulebiT, romelic

Suqis gavrcelebis mimarTulebis perpendikularulia. 39-e nax-ze naCvenebi XY RerZi _ aris sinaTlis gavrcelebis mimarTuleba, sadac α rxevis amplitudaa, ×-talRis

sigrZe, λ/2 _talRis sigrZis naxevari.

erTi sigrZis talRis rxeva xdeba ABCD sibrtyeSi, meore talRisa A1B1C1D1 da a.S. nax.40

aseTi sibrtyeebi, romlebic XYRerZzea, uTvalavia. talRis yoveli sigrZe

yovel sibrtyeSi Seesabameba romelime fers an feris elfers.

51

Tuki Y wertilidan gavxedavT X wertils, maSin XY xazi gamoCndeba rogrc wer-

tili, xolo sibrtye (ABCD) gadaiqceva am wertilze gamaval uamrav xazebad (nax.41).

ganvixiloT sinaTlis nakadi, romelic moedineba P wertilSi ganTavsebuli

wertilovani sinaTlis wyarodan, magaliTad, sinaTlis Zalis (J) varvarebis naTuridan (nax 42).

sinaTlis nakadi izomeba liumenebSi. Lliumeni es aris sinaTlis nakadi, ro-

melsac gamoscems 0,53 mm2 farTobis absoluturad Savi sxeuli platinis gamyarebis

temperaturaze (20446 k). Tuki Cven eqsponometris fotoelements mivmarTavT Suqis

wyarosken, am SemTxvevaSi P wertilisken, amiT gavzomavT ganaTebulobas.

ganaTebuloba (E) es aris Suqis nakadis zedapiruli simkvrive, romelic ecema

ganaTebul zedapirs da izomeba liuqsebSi

liuqsi _ es aris 1m2 farTobis zedapiris ganaTebuloba, romelic iRebs masze

Tanabrad ganawilebul sinaTlis nakads 1 liumenis odenobiT.

Tuki eqsponometris fotoelements mivmarTavT am zedapirisken, amiT Cven

gavzomavT sikaSkaSes (B). sikaSkaSe izomeba apostilbebSi.

Aapostilbi es aris sikaSkaSe absoluturad TeTri difuzurad arekvladi

zedapirisa, romelsac aqvs ganaTebuloba 1 liuqsis

idenobiT.

Tumca erTi da igive ganaTebulobis pirobebSi Savi

xaverdi muqia, radgan ireklavs masze dacemulli

sinaTlis mxolod 1_4%, xolo TeTri qaRaldi _ naTeli,

radgan ireklavs 70_90%. Aamrigad, zedapiris sikaSkaSe

damokidebulia ara mxolod ganaTebulobaze, aramed am

zedapiris arekvlis SesaZleblobazec _ albedo (a): B=E∙a Fformulidan Cans, rom sikaSkaSe aris ganaTebulobis

funqcia. radagn albido yovelTvis naklebia erTze (

radgan vercerTi zedapiri ver aireklavs masze dacemul

sinaTles mTlianad), amitom E∙a namravli, yovelTvis

52

naklebi iqneba E-ze. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, mo-

cemuli zedapiris sikaSkaSe yovelTvis naklebia mis

ganaTebulobaze.

ganaTebulobis sidide aseve damokidebulia si-

naTlis wyarosTan daSorebis manZilze (L). ukeT rom

gavigoT, ramdenad icvleba ganaTebuloba sinaTlis

wyarodan sxvadasxva manZilze mdebareobis dros, gan-

vixiloT nakadidan gamoyofili erTi sxivi, romelic

ganTavsebulia piramidaSi, romlis wveroc aris P, xolo fuZe _ABCD farTobiT 1m2,romelic 1m-iTaa da-

Sorebuli mwvervalidan. xolo meore fuZe A1B1C1D1

mwvervalidan ori metris daSorebiT. samkuTxedSi

PA1D1 ad xazi iqneba e.w. Sua xazi , radgan is pirobisa-

mebs 1 metris tolia, xolo fuZe A1D1=2. Sesabamisad,

piramidaSi PA1B1C1D1 fuZis A1B1C1D1farTobia 4 metri.

rac niSnavs, rom ganaTebuloba ( sinaTlis nakadis zedapiruli simkvrive, romelic

ecema ganaTebul zedapirs) nawildeba 4-jer ufro did farTobze, maSin roca

manZili Suqis wyaromde gazrdilia mxolod 2-jer. Aaqedan gamomdinareobs

kvadratuli daSorebis (manZilis) wesi.

sibrtyis ganaTebuloba, sinaTlis perpendikularuli mimarTulebisas

pirdapirproporciulia wyaros sinaTlis Zalisa da ukuproporciulia manZilis

kvadratisa E=J/I2.

sadac J sinaTlis Zalaa, radgan B=E ∙ a, erTnairi zeda-

pirebis da erTnairi a-s pirobebSi

B=J/I2 gafantuli sinaTlis wyaroebis sinaTlis nakadebi

mTliand emorCileba am formulas. Mmisi intensiuroba

ecema manZilis kvadratis ukuproporciulad. Nnax.43

mimarTuli Suqis xelsawyoebi, frenelis linziT

aRWurvilni, naTuris gafantul Suqs kraven sxivad,

romelic regulirdeba sifarToveSi garkveul sazRvrebSi.

Ees xelsawyoebi TiTqos arRveven wesebs, romelic

ganpirobebulia formuliT E=J/I2.

saqme isaa, rom mimarTuli Suqis gamomcem sxivur

xelsawyoebs axasiaTebT e.w. sxivis formirebis distancia,

nax.44.

Ees distancia gansxvavebuli aqvT sxvadasxva simZlavris xelsawyoebs. Tumca,

yuradsaRebia, rom sxivis formirebis Semdeg misi intensiuroba raRac manZilze _X

_ TiTqmis ucvlelia. Mmcire manZili X, romelic sxvadasxvagvari aqvT gansxvave-

buli simZlavris xelsawyoebs, aseTu ise saSualebas aZlevs dokumenturi nawarmoe-

bis gmirs an msaxiobs Tavisuflad imoZraos garkveul sazRvrebSi. Ees aris sxivuri

xelsawyoebis upiratesoba gafantuli ganaTebis xelsawyoebTan mimarTebaSi, sadac

xelsawyosTan miaxloeba an daSoreba imwamsve aisaxeba gadaRebis obieqtis

ganaTebulobaze.

Suqis moqmedeba ori garemos gamyof sazRvarze

sinaTlis arekvla. sinaTlis arekvla Seicavs or ZiriTad pirobas:

*dacemis kuTxe arekvlis kuTxis tolia

53

*dacemuli sxivi da areklili sxivi ganlagebulia erT

sibrtyeSi normaliT dacemis wertilisadmi.

sxvadasxva zedapiri sxvadasxvagvarad aireklavs sinaTlis

nakads.

1.sarke. sarkul zedapirze sinaTlis wertilovani wyaro

mTlianad airekleba, TiTqmis danakargis gareSe. anareklSi

Cven davinaxavT sinaTlis wyaros. Ees aris mimarTuli

kuli anarekli (nax45).

2.priala, moxvewili

zedapiri _ metali, kera-

mika da a.S. priala zeda-

pirze sinaTlis

vani wyaro airekleba ro-

gorc naTeli bundovani

laqa. Ees aris mimarTul-

gafantuli anarekli

(nax46).

3.vatmanis qaRaldis

TeTri furceli. Aanarekli

TeTri qaRaldis mqrqali

zedapiridan Tanabari iqne-

neba yvela mimarTulebiT. sinaTlis wertilovan wyaros

saerTod ver davinaxavT, misi sikaSkaSe iqneba erTnairi. Ees aris difuzur-

gafantuli anarekli (nax47).

sinaTlis gardatexa. Oori garemos gamyof sazRvarze sinaTlis erTi nawili

airekleba, meore, gaivlis ra gamyofis zedapirs, Seicvlis Tavis mimarTulebas da

gaagrZelebs moZraobas axali mimarTulebiT. sinaTlis am gadaxras Suqis

gardatexa ewodeba. Suqis gardatexa xdeba yovelTvis, roca sinaTle gadadis erTi

garemodan meoreSi. sinaTlis gardatexis kanoni formulirdeba Semdegnairad:

dacemuli da gardatexili sxivi ganlagebulia erT sibrtyeSi gamyofis zedapi-

risadmi normaliT sxivis dacemis wertilSi.

Ddacemis kuTxis sinusis Sefardeba gardatexis kuTxis sinusTan _ es aris mudmi-

vi sidide dacemis kuTxis nebismieri mniSvnelobis dros.

/S𝓲𝓷β=𝒏=𝙘𝙤𝙣𝙩

sxvadasxva garemos gardatexis ( /S𝓲𝓷β) maCvenebeli sicarielidan

(nax.48)

haeri _1,0009

organuli mina _ 1,49

mina-kroni _ 1,51

kanaduri balzami _ 1,54

mina flinti _ 1,61

mZime kroni _ 1,61

mZime flinti _ 1,92

almasi _ 2,42

garemo miT ufro ewinaaRmdegeba sinaTlis

gatarebas, rac ufro didia garemos optikuri

simkvrive da rac maRalia gamosxivebis sixSire.

Suqis gatareba

1.mina. sinaTlis wertilovani wyaro mTliand moCans minidan. Ees aris Suqis

mimarTuli gatareba (nax.49).

2.mqrqali mina, arkazoli, difuzur-gamfantveli qsovili. wertilovani sinaT-

lis wyaro Cans rogorc naTeli laqa. wyaros wvrili sxivi gardaiqmna farTo,

rbili Suqis nakadad. Ees aris Suqis mimarTul-gafantuli gatareba (nax50).

3.TeTri bambis qsovili, vatmanis qaRaldis TeTri furceli, rZisferi mina.

aseTi masalis mTeli sibrtye naTdeba Tanabrad. ra mxridanac ar unda SevxedoT

mas, misi sikaSkaSe Tanabaria. es aris sinaTlis difuzur-gafantuli gatareba.

sinaTlis funqcia

sinaTle da siTbo _ mzis gamosxiveba _ es aris sicocxlis safuZveli dedami-

waze. Tumca operatoris xelovneba dainteresebulia misi sxva funqciebiT.

54

Ppirveli funqcia _ aris sinaTle – aris gamosax-

ulebiTi informacia, ar aris sinaTle _ ar aris in-

formacia. Tu Cven SevalT bnel oTaxSi anTebuli

sanTliT xelSi, oTaxi ganaTdeba da gamoCndeba masSi

ganTavsebuli nivTebi. Cven darwmunebiT SegviZlia

vTqvaT, rom es aris karada, divani, magida... magram ai,

vaqrobT sanTels da TiTqos yvelaferi qreba. sagan-

Ta gamoCenis da gaqrobis faqti sanTlis anTebisa da

Caqrobis dros _ es aris sinaTlis pirveli funqciis

gamovlineba.

Mmeore funqcia. sinaTle gamoavlens saganTa fers.

anTebuli sanTlis Suqze Cven varCevT sagnebs, magram

darwmunebiT ver davasaxelebT am saganTa an zeda-

pirTa fers. amisTvis, ubralod, ar gvyofnis sinaTle.

gamoTqma _”RamiT yvela kata Savia” _ carieli ad-

gilidan ar wamosula. saganTa feris zustad gan-

sazRvra ganpirobebulia mxolod Suqis aucilebeli,

saWiro da sakmarisi raodenobis dagrovebis dros.

Aaucilebeli _ es aris ganaTebis minimumi, rom-

lis qvemoTac Cven vcdebiT feris gansazRvris siswo-

reSi.

sakmarisi _ es aris ganaTebis maqsimumi, romlis

maRlac aseve xdeba feris damaxinjeba. gavixsenoT

elvis blici, roca yvela sagnis feri gafermkrTale-

bulia, siTeTremdea misuli gadanaTebulobis gamo. GganaTebis sakmarisi raodeno-

bisas Cveni mxedvelobis unikaluri organo _Tvali_ ganasxvavebs aqromatuli

rigis 300 elfers da aTiaTasobiT qromatul fers da elfers.

Tvalis fermgrZnobelobas aqvs Tavisi aRmasvla da vardna dRe-Ramis ganmavlo-

baSi. fergarCevis maqsimumi modis dRis monakveTSi 13-15 ss Soris da minimaluri 23

sT-dan Ramis 3 sT-mde.

Mmesame funqcia

Suqi gamoavlens saganTa formas, moculobas, reliefs da faqturas, aZlierebs

sivrcisa da moZraobis SegrZnebas. ganaTebuli sagani iZens naTel da Crdilovan

mxareebs, sakuTar Crdils, masze Cndeba anareklebi da refleqsebi, romlebic

gvexmareba sagnis moculobis da faqturis gamokveTaSi. amasTan sagnisgan ecema

Crdili. Ddacemuli Crdili, Suqis laqebi da zolebi kadris kompoziciis

sruluflebiani wevrebia.

sinaTlis dinamika _ cimcimi, sinaTlis nakadis CarTva-gamorTva, sinaTlis

laqebis da dacemuli Crdilebis gadanacvleba aZlierebs kadrSi moZraobis

iluzias.

warmovidginoT matareblis kupe. Ppatara magidaze, romelic muqi fardebiT

daburul fanjarasTanaa ganTavsebuli, devs CaiT savse Wiqa da vaSli. Ees mgzavru-

li naturmorti ganaTebulia susti naTuriT, romelic CamontaJebulia kupis

Werze arsebul plafonSi. CaiT saves Wiqis da vaSlis Crdili dacemulia magidaze

gadafarebul sufraze. Mmatarebeli nela daiZra. moZraobas aRviqvamT vagonis

rweviT da WiqaSi siTxis rxeviT. magram mgzavrma gadaswia muqi fardebi. dRis

kaSkaSa Suqma sruliad gardasaxa naturmorti. Cai gamoCnda narinjisferi, Wiqasa

da kovzze acekvda mxiaruli anareklebi, daeca grZeli, moZravi Crdilebi. fanjris

miRma peizaJis cvla, borblebis xmauri, vaSlis gadagoreba-gadmogoreba magidaze,

siTxis rxeva WiqaSi, kovzis wkaruni da amas damatebuli moZravi Crdilebi,

yovelive aman gaaZliera moZraobis SegrZneba.

meoTxe funqcia _ sinaTlis emociuri zemoqmedeba.

moRrubluli, pirquSi dRe... muqi tyviisferi ca TiTqos mZime sabnad gadaefara

dedamiwas horizontamde. Ees wuTia gadaiRo wvimam. soflis gza gauvali talaxiT

da gubeebiT daifara. Aar mRerian Citebi. Ggamefebulia damTrgunveli siCume.

mxolod ismis, rogor ecemian foTlebidan Camogorebuli bolo wveTebi gubeebze.

siCume, mowyeniloba, sevda mefobs...

magram ai, Rrublebma daiwyes gafantva, gamoCnda patara Riobi caze, saidanac

gamoiWra sxivi, mxolod erTi sxivi. Mmagram rogor Secvala irgvliv yvelaferi!

sxivi daeca xeTa varjebs da gaabrwyina milionobiT wveTi. Kkenweroebi airekla

gubeebSi, rogorRac gadatexilad, Tan TiTqos moZraoben, radgan guburaSi wyali

55

irxeva monaberi niavis wyalobiT. Ggza aRar gveCveneba aseTi saSineli. TiTqos

ufro mxiaruli da mimzidvelia. Ggubeebi gadaiqca naTel fanjrebad, sadac moCans

morbenali Rrublebi. Tavad Rrublebi xom sul mTlad Seicvalnen, zogierTi,

ufro muqi, TiTqos mogviaxlovda, sxvebma, romlebic gamudmebiT icvlidnen

formebs da moZraobdenen, siRrmisken gadainacvles.

Mmagram umTavresi aq mainc mzis sxivebia! maT TiTqos gaarRvies tyviisferi

Rrublebis kideebi, gaasxivosnes da eniT auwereli silamaze SesZines maT.

RrubelTa Riobidan daSvebulma mzis sinaTlis svetebma gaanaTes mindvrebi,

mdinaris napirebi, soflis midamoebi...yvelaferi gardaisaxa, gamococxlda,

gaxalisda...gaisma Citebis WikWiki, amRerda, gabrwyinda buneba...

Cven varT kosmosis Svilebi da uwyveti kavSiri gvaqvs bunebasTan. amitom,

savsebiT bunebrivia, moRrubluli amindi CvenSi iwvevdes sevdian ganwyobilebas. ra

Tqma unda, aseT amindsac aqvs Tavisi dadebiTi mxare _ notio, haerovani burusi,

romelic qmnis kargad aRsaqmel perspeqtivas. Mmagram Tu burusian amindSi

gavxedavT magaliTad aryis xes, misi foTlebi mogveCveneba raRac uferuli mwvane,

xis tani ki _ Sav-TeTri.

Mmzian amindSi ki foTlebi aTasgvar elfers iZenen, maTi rxevisas xis tanze

TamaSoben Crdilebi, Tavad tani ki xan movardisfro, xan mocisfro, xan moiisfro

mosCans.

naTeli, mziani amindi, msubuqi Rrublebi, anareklebi wylis zedapirze TiTqmis

yovelTvis gviqmnian sasiamovno, bednier ganwyobilebas.

Tumca reJisorebi TavianT nawarmoebSi xSirad Segnebulad qmnian kontrasts

da gmiris tragikul mdgomareobas upirispireben CaxCaxa mzes. Ees dapirispirreba

aZlierebs situaciis dramatulbas. rogorc ar unda iyos, erTi ram udavoa _

sinaTle warmoudgenlad Zlier zemoqmedebas axdens Cvenze.

zemoTCamoTvlil funqciaTa garda sinaTles kidev uamravi datvirTva aqvs:

*gazomvisa da kontrolis funqcia sxvadasxva daniSnulebis fotoelementebSi

*sinaTlis signalizaciis funqcia (koconi, TviTmfrinavis dasaSveb bilikze

ganaTebuli fanrebi, xomaldis proJeqtorebi,romelTa meSveobiTac gemebi

erTmaneTs “elaparakebian” morzes anbaniT...).

*speqtroskopiaSi gandnari metalis Semadgenlobis gamocnoba, varskvlavebis

speqtris gamokvleva da a.S.

Tumca Cven gvainteresebs is funqciebi, romelic uSualod gamoiyeneba opera-

toris profesiaSi.

ganaTebis xasiaTi bunebaSi

Cven yoveldRiurad gvakvirvebs ganaTebis mravalferovneba bunebaSi. Mmzis

mdebareoba da atmosferos mdgomareoba _ yovelive es zemoqmedebs bunebriv

ganaTebaze, romelic pirobiTad SeiZleba daiyos ramdenime saxeobad.

SuqCrdilovani ganaTeba. aseT ganaTebas vawydebiT naTel amindSi, roca mzis

sxivebi pirdapiri SuqiT anaTeben sagnebs. Aamis gamo TiToeuli sagani iZens

ganaTebul da Crdilovan mxares, sakuTar Crdils. sinaTle gamoavlens sagnis

moculobas, formas da faqturas. sagnisgan “gamodis” dacemuli Crdili. Crdilebi

minaTebulia cis SuqiT, romelic warmoadgens gafantuli Suqis wyaros.

uCrdilo ganaTeba. AaseTi ganaTeba warmoiqmneba moRrublul amindSi, roca ca

dafarulia RrubelTa sqeli feniT. Rrublebi zemodan ganaTebulia mzis SuqiT da

atareben sxivebis mxolod nawils. xolo Tavis mxriv Tanabrad isini anaTeben

sivrces gafantuli sinaTliT.

Llokaluri ganaTeba. Bbindisas, roca anTia quCis lampionebi, gaielveben

mimavali manqanis Suqfarebi, ganaTebulia saxlebis fanjrebi, am wyaroebidan

warmoiqmneba statiuri an dinamiuri Suqis laqebi an zolebi. darCenili sivrce da

sagnebi rCeba CrdilSi.

silueturi ganaTeba. igi warmoiqmneba, roca pirvel xedze obieqtebi daCrdi-

lulia, Cabnelebulia da ganaTebulia mxolod sivrcis siRrme, meore xedi, foni.

Mmag: xeebi daisis fonze, adamanTa figurebi mkveTrad ganaTebuli kedlebis fonze

da a.S.

Aamrigad arsebobs ganaTebis oTxi xasiaTi.

kiTxva: maS saidan Cndeba ganaTebis aseTi mravalferovneba, romelic warmoqm-

nis erTidaigive peizaJis auracxel variacias?

Ppasuxi: saqme isaa, rom xasiaTi, tipi sufTa saxiT, magaliTad, SuqCrdilovani

ganaTeba sruliad uRrublo cis pirobebSi, gvxvdeba gacilebiT iSviaTad da

56

mxolod udabnoSi SeiZleba gagrZeldes igi xangrZlivad. uCrdilo ganaTebasac Cven

vawydebiT mxolod uamindobisas, wvimian amindSi.

sinamdvileSi ki, xSirad xdeba ganaTebis pirobebis mudmivi cvlileba. Rrublebi

xan meCxeria, xan mojanRuli _ faraven mzes. sxivebis intensiuroba mcirdeba,

rbildeba kontrasti sagnis ganaTebul da Crdilovan mxareebs Soris. “mze rZeSi” _

ase uwodeben operatorebi am mimarTul-gafantul ganaTebas, rac warmoadgens

SuqCrdilovani da uCrdilo ganaTebebis nazavs. radganac es gazaveba SeiZleba

moxdes sxvadasxva proporciebiT, amitom ganaTebac mkveTrad gansxvavebuli iqneba...

aseTive gazaveba xdeba ganaTebis uCrdilo da lokalur tipebs Soris da a.S.

daskvna: teqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT stabiluri amindi, ganaTebis ucvleli

xasiaTiT friad xelsayrelia gadaRebisTvis. radgan pirobebi ar icvleba, muSaobac

ufro mosaxerxebelia. magram ferwerul-gamomsaxvelobiTi kuTxiT ganaTebis

mudmivi cvlileba metad sainteresoa SemoqmedebiTi samuSaos TvalsazrisiT.

radgan es cvlileba saSualebas gvaZlevs, avsaxoT ulamazesi, mravalferovani

garesamyaro Cvens nawarmoebSi. Ffiqric warmoudgenelia, rogor unda gvecxovra

ucvleli ganaTebis da stabiluri amindis pirobebSi. albaT, rogorc terariumSi,

ara?!

radgan vsaubrobT ganaTebis xasiaTze bunebaSi, gverds ver avuvliT tonalur,

haerovan perspeqtivas. Tuki xazovani da optikuri perspeqtivebi, romelic

gadmoicema operatoris mier, gadaRebisas warmoadgens amaTu im optikis gamoyene-

bis rezultats, tonaluri perspeqtiva damokidebulia atmosferul pirobebze,

xolo mis SeqmnaSi uSualod monawileobs sinaTle. swored sinaTle warmoqmnis

e.w. haerovan kvamls, buruss.

Bburusi, kvamli. Aadamiani sagnebs xedavs haerovan garemoSi. Ooptikuri garemo

anu burusis sxvadasxva saxeobebi, romlebic gvxvdeba bunebaSi an xelovnuri

gakvamlva naturasa da pavilionSi, operators exmareba, Seamciros konturebis

simkveTre da feris simWaxe, Searbilos SuqCrdilebis gradaciebi. ganvixiloT e.w.

burusis ramdenime saxeoba.

M

mole

leku-

ku-

luri

kvam

li,

bu-

rusi.

Mmzia

n

amind

Si

Cven

xSirad vxedavT horizontze buruss, ris gamoc Soreuli tye gveCveneba ara mwvane,

aramed cisferi, lurji, an molurjo-iisferi. Ees xdeba im mizeziT, rom speqtri

lurj-iisfer sxivebs talRis sigrZe aqvT 390-410 nm. speqtris lurj-iisferi talRis

sigrZis naxevari mcirea haeris molekulis zomaze. Ees mokle talRebi ejaxebian

haeris molekulebs da ifantebian (nax52 a). aqedan warmodgeba burusis cisferi

Seferiloba.

speqtris mwvane, yviTeli, wiTeli sxivebi, romelTa talRis sigrZe 500 nm metia,

Tavisuflad uvlian gars haeris molekulebs, radgan am monakveTis talRis sigrZis

naxevaric ki metia haeris molekulis zomaze (nax.52 b).

sarkuli burusi. sarkul burusSi amoqmedebulia mTeli speqtri, amitomac mas

TeTri feri aqvs. sarkuli imitom hqvia, rom sinaTle airekleba haerSi arsebul

nawilakebze. Mmag:wvimis wveTebi, nislis an Tovlis umciresi nawilakebi.

Ddifuzuri burusi. Ees aris sinaTlis arekvla myari nawilakebidan: kvamli,

miwis mtveri, mineralebis umciresi nawilkebi da a.S. maT SeiZleba hqondeT sul

sxvadasxva Seferiloba. Kkvamli TeTric aris, Savic da feradic, xolo miwis

mtveri niadagis struqturidan gamomdinare SeiZleba iyos Savi, ruxi, mowiTalo

da a.S. Sesabamis fers iRebs burusic.

57

optikuri burusi. Ees burusi war-

moiqmneba SemRvrevis Sedegad, romelic

xdeba haeris sxvadasxva fenebSi tempera-

turis sxvaobisas. zRvis gaSlil sivrceSi

igi xSirad kargad gamokveTavs perspeq-

tivas da aqrobs horizontis xazs _ zRva

TiTqos mierTebulia cis TaRze. opera-

torebi aqtiurad iyeneben optikur bu-

russ, rogorc saSualebas, romelic aZ-

lierebs sivrcis siRrmis efeqts brtyel

ekranze. Aarc Tu iSviaTad, operatorebi

qmnian aseT garemos (xelovnuri wvima,

daburuseba, gakvamlva) ara marto natu-

raze, aramed pavilionis scenazec. Ees ex-

mareba maT gamosaxulebas SesZinon meti

plastiuroba, xolo ferebisa da SuqCrdilebis gadasvlebi rbili da bunebrivi

gaxadon. cxovrebiseuli gamocdilebidan viciT, rogor Zlierdeba sivrcis siRrmis

SegrZneba wvimis, nislis, Tovlis dros anu garemos nebismieri daburusebis

periodSi.

Mmarevo. Mmarevos Cven vxvdebiT cxel, uqaro dReebSi. Ggaxurebuli haeri cxeli

asfaltisgan an Tbili, moxnuli miwidan Wavluri nakadiT miemarTeba maRlisken.

Aam moZravi nakadis fenis miRma mTeli sivrce gveCveneba rxevadi, moqanave,

mudmivad cvladi da perspeqtiulad Rrma. zogjer xerxdeba marevos, rxevadi

sivrcis efeqtis xelovnurad Seqmna. amisaTvis Txeli metalisgan mzaddeba

oTxkuTxedi “blenda-tubusi” daaxloebiT 100X100X100 sm moculobis. Aam mowyobi-

lobis gverdiTi da zeda kedlebi icaven haeris Tbil nakads niavisgan. Bblenda

dgeba kameris win da qvemodan xurdeba erTi an ori sarCilavi naTuriT (nax53).

OobieqtTa ganaTebuloba mzian amindSi

Mmzian amindSi ganaTebis wyaroebad gvevlineba

*mzis pirdapiri sxivebi

*cis gafantuli sinaTle

*garSemo arsebuli sagnebidan areklili Suqi

*amreklavi misanaTebeblidan da misanaTebeli eleqtroxelsawyoebidan are-

klili sinaTle.

ganaTebis pirobebi mzian amindSi gansxvavdeba kontrastulobis da feris

mixedviT da damokidebulia rogorc mzis maRliv mdebareobaze horizontis

mimarT, aseve Rrublianobaze.

1.rodesac mze mdebareobs 15-60 °-mde horizontis mimarT, Cven viRebT stabilur

TeTr ganaTebas.

2.zenituri ganaTeba, roca mze 60°-ze kuTxiT mdebareobs horizontis mimarT.

aseTi ganaTeba axasiaTebs subtropikebsa da tropikebs. saSualo ganedebis

mcxovrebTaTvis igi uCveuloa, amitom operatorebi mas iSviaTad iyeneben.

3.efeqturi ganaTeba gvxvdeba diliT an saRamoTi, roca mze 15°-ze naklebi

kuTxiT mdebareobs horizontis mimarT, xSirad mas aqvs vardisferi Seferiloba.

Yyvela kadrSi, romelic gadaRebulia erT epizodSi, operatorma unda daicvas

stabiluri Suqtonaluri da qolorituli erTianoba, swored amitom man mudivad

unda akontrolos eqsponometriuli monacemebi ganaTebis cvalebad pirobebSi.

Mmzian amindSi gadaRebisas aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT ara marto mzis

debareoba horizontis mimarT, aramed misi mdebareoba Tavad gadaRebis obieqtis

mimarT (mzis sxivebis mimarTuleba). Mmzis mdebareoba da Sesabamisad ganaTebis

xasiaTi SeiZleba iyos frontaluri, diagonaluri, gverdiTi, ukanagverdiTi da

kontraJuruli (nax54).

Ffrontaluri (pirdapiri ganaTeba). Mmze anaTebs obieqts kameris mxridan.

Oobieqti ganaTebulia Tanabari, erTnairi intesivobis SuqiT. sikaSkaSis

intervali _ obieqtis sinaTlisa da feris sikaSkaSis daxasiaTeba _ ganisazRvreba

mxolod obieqtis faqturis, formisa da reliefis asaxvis, arekvlis koefieciente-

biT. sufTa cis pirobebSi da mzis mdebareobisas 15-60° _ ganaTebul adgilebSi

gvxvdeba TeTri ganaTeba, xolo CrdilSi _ lurji.

58

sinaTlisa da Crdilis kontrasti _ 4:1 _ 2,5:1. Aam pirobebSi eqsponometriuli

parametrebi stabiluria, magram Crdilebis lurji minaTebas (cisgan) SesaZlebelia

mohyves ferdamaxinjeba. Eeleqtro an amreklavi misanaTeblebis gamoyeneba

aZlierebs sikaSkaSis koeficients Crdilovan adgilebSi, amcirebs kontrasts da

ferdamaxinjebas.

Ppirdapiri sinaTle srulfasovnad ver gamokveTavs saganTa moculobas, formas,

radgan formebis gamomavlinebeli Crdilebi damalulia damkvirveblis Tvalisgan.

Ddiagonaluri ganaTeba

Mmze mdebareobs 30-60 gradusiani kuTxiT obieqtivis optikur RerZTan mimarTe-

baSi. Ddiagonalur ganaTebas aqvs mniSvnelovani upiratesoba, vidre frontalurs

da gverdiTs, radgan ukeTesad warmoaCens obieqtis formasa da reliefs, gansaku-

TrebiT adamianTa saxeebs, radgan am dros SuqCrdilebis ganlageba ufro

gamomsaxvelobiTia. Aam pirobebSi saganTa moculoba ukeTesad gadmoicema. Mmzis

diagonaluri mdebareobisas ferTa bunebiv kontrasts emateba SuqCrdilovani

sikaSkaSis saxasiaTo Strixebi. gadasaRebi obieqtebis saerTo sinaTlis da feris

kontrasti gacilebiT maRalia, vidre pirdapiri (frontaluri) ganaTebis

pirobebSi. Crdilebi obieqtebze minaTebulia mxolod cis SuqiT. uRrublo cis

dros kontrasti adamianis saxis ganaTebul da Crdilovan nawilebs Soris

SeiZleba iyos 6:1, 8:1, xolo mTaSi, sadac haeri gacilebiT sufTa da gamWvirvalea,

kontrasti aRwevs 12:1, da 15:1-ac ki. SuqCrdilis kontrastis Sesarbileblad da

formebis damatebiTi modelirebisTvis operatorebi iyeneben amreklav an

eleqtro misanaTeblebs. (amreklavi misanaTeblebi _ fari, romelzec gadakrulia

daWmuWnuli folga, TeTri tilo da a.S. eleqtromisanaTeblebi _ sinaTlis

eleqtronuli wyaro, romlis feris temperaturaa 5500 k)

misanaTeblebis gamoyeneba saSualebas gvaZlevs, mivaRwioT sruliad misaRebi

kontrastis Semdeg gradaciebs:

*Rrma SuqCrdili saxis ganaTebuli da Crdilovani nawilebis kontrastisas 6:1

*rbili SuqCrdili _ 2,5:1

*gamWvirvale SuqCdili _ 1,5:1

Mmzis sxivebi ara marto qmnian kontrasts adamianis saxeze, aramed ramdenadme

auxeSeben mas. aseT SemTxvevaSi, kontrastis Sesamcireblad da saxeze ufro rbili

ganaTebis Sesaqmnelad, zogjer gamoiyeneba damaCrdileblebi _ erT- or_ da

samfeniani tiulis ekranebi, romelsac vaTavsebT msaxiobTa Tavs zemoT, mzis

sxivebis Sesagebebeli mimarTulebiT. Ees damaCrdileblebi arsebobs sxvadasxva

zomis, scenaSi monawile msaxiobTa raodenobidan gamomdinare. Mmzis sxivebi

59

gadian ra am tiulis ekranSi, rbildebian da gamosaxulebac Sesabamisad gamodis

ufro rbili da plastiuri.

A

amave mizans emsaxureba xelovnuri gakvamvla, daburuseba. jgufuri scenebis

gadaRebisas, miT umetes msxvili xedebis, gansakuTrebiT xelsayrelia, roca mze

anaTebs RrubelTa Txeli fenis miRmidan (mze rZeSi). aseT amindSi SegviZlia, ar

gamoviyenoT misanaTeblebi. Nnebismieri gadasaRebi obieqti, SerCeuli operatoris

mier, rac ar unda kontrastuli iyos, unda jdebodes muxturi kavSiris xelsawyos

matricis fotografiul sifarToveSi (L). (muxturi kavSiris xelsawyos matrica _ am xelsawyos meSveobiT masze fokusi-

rebuli optikuri gamosaxuleba gardaiqmneba eleqtronul videosignalad)

davuSvaT, rom viRebT kadrs, sadac kompoziciurad Tavmoyrilia adamiani,

saxlis kuTxe, tye da ca (nax55). Aam kadris mTavari obieqti iqneba adamianis saxe

da Sesabamisad diafragma (eqspozicia) ganisazRvreba saxis mixedviT, ufro zustad

saxis ganaTebis mixedviT. ganvixiloT, rogor jdeba es obieqti matricis

fotografiul sifarToveSi. amisTvis gamoviyenoT kinematografiaSi danergili

grafiki _ e.w. maxasiaTebeli mrudi, romlis mixedviTac ganisazRvreba firis

ZiriTadi fotografiuli parametrebi (nax56). Oordinatis RerZze gadasaRebi

obieqtis elementebis sikaSkaSis sidideebi (am SemTxvevaSi Suqi da Crdili saxeze,

ca, saxli, saxlis Crdili, xeebi, Crdilebi xeebis qveS). Tavad mrudze ki _ matricis

signalebis gansazRvruli doneebi. signalis done pirdapir aris damokidebuli

gadasaRebi obieqtis TiToeuli elementis sikaSkaSeze.

Cvens kadrSi, roca diafragma F=1:11 cis sikaSkaSe (A) _16 saxis sikaSkaSe ganaTebul nawilSi _10

saxis sikaSkaSe daCrdilul nawilSi _8

saxis sikaSkaSe _6

xis _4

saxlis Crdilis _2

xis Crdili _0,5

Mmaqsimaluri sikaSkaSe (p) _14 Mminimaluri (Q) _ 1 Mmrudis swori nawilis proeqcia ab-

cisis RerZze P wertilidan Q werti-

lamde aris fotografiuli sifarTove

(L), romelic gviCvenebs, Tu ra SesaZle-

bloba gaaCnia matricas sikaSkaSis

mTeli speqtris _ TeTridan Savamde _

gadmosacemad. Cvens SemTxvevaSi foto-

grafiul sifarToveSi mTeli peizaJi

ver Cajda. cis sikaSkaSe (A) mdebareobs

sikaSkaSis maqsimalur wertilze (P) maRla, anu premodulaciaSi. Ees ki gamo-

saxulebis wunia. imisTvis rom Sevamci-

60

roT gadasaRebi obieqtis maRali kontrasti, anu davCrdiloT ca, operatorebi

naturaze gadaRebisas xSirad iyeneben nawilobriv gaumWvirvale, CamosaWrel

neitralur-rux Suqfiltrs (anu filtris zeda nawili aris muq ferSi, gaumWvir-

vale da nelnela dabla kidisken Riavdeba, mas gaaCnia meti simkvrive zeda

nawilSi, Semdgom Tanmimdevrulad, etapobivad Riavdeba da xdeba gamWvirvale) es

filtri iZleva saSualebas, Semcirdes cis sikaSkaSe.

CamosaWreli Suqfiltri Sedgeba ori nawilisgan: qveda nawili _ sufTa gamW-

virvale mina, zeda nawili _ Tavad neitraluri-ruxi filtri. uTavsebs ra

filtris naWers horizonts (sazRvari gamWvirvale da gaumWvirvale nawilebs

Soris), operators saSuleba eZleva, Seamciros cis sikaSkaSe Tanabrad kadris

mTel sivrceSi.

kiTxva: magram Tu am cis (gafiltruli) fonze viRebT adamians?! maSin isi

sikaSkaSec xom Semcirdeba?

Ppasuxi: am SemTxvevaSi adamianis figuras an saxes unda mivanaToT amreklavi an

eleqtro misanaTeblebiT.

Ddaskvna: rodesac kadrSi gvyavs adamiani, gansakuTrebiT, msxvili da saSualo

xediT, igi aucileblad xdeba gadaRebis mTavari obieqti. Kkadris sxva obieqtrbis

sikaSkaSes operatori uTavsebs adamianis saxis sikaSkaSes. Crdilebis minaTebis

intensiurobas operatori gansazRvravs saxis, cis sikaSkaSidan da aucilebeli

sinaTlis balansidan gamomdinare.

(sinaTlis balansi _ Suqisa da Crdilis Sefardeba saxeze, aseve sinaTlis

Sefardeba saxesa da fonze)

rac Seexeba kadris im nawilebs,

romelic Rrma CrdilebSia da aseve ver

jdeba fotografiul sifarToveSi

(Cvens SemTxvevaSi Crdilebi xeebs

qveS), aqac SegviZlia gamoviyenoT

amreklavi misanaTeblebi an eleqtro-

sinaTle (5500k). Tuki ar aris saSuale-

ba, gavzardoT kadris Crdilovani na-

wilebis sikaSkaSe misanaTeblebis sa-

SualebiT, kadris am elementebs _ de-

koraciis nawili, xis tani _ Rebaven

ufro naTeli tonis saRebaviT. ro-

gorc vxedaT, Zlier kontrastuli

obieqtebic ki emorCileba operatoris

gamWriaxobas da mxatvris funjs.

ra Tqma unda, es magaliTi gamog-

vadgeba mxatvruli filmis gadasaRebad.

Ddokumentur naSromSi zogjer uaris

Tqma gviwevs sakmaod STambeWdav, magram kontrastul kadrebze.

Mmzis sxivebi qmnian saxeze SuqCrdilovan naxats (mxatavi sinaTle). misanaTe-

beli, romelic ganTavsebulia kameris gverdiT, arbilebs Crdilebs, amcirebs

kontrasts. kontraJuruli misanaTebeli ki kameris miRma mdebareobs da qmnis

sinaTlis konturs.

kontraJuruli ganaTeba. Mmze mdebareobs gadasaRebi obieqtis ukan. obieqtze

Cndeba sinaTlis konturi, anareklebi, romelic mkveTrad aZlierebs gamosaxulebis

kontrasts _ obieqtis sinaTlisa da sikaSkaSis xasiaTs. sikaSkaSeTa kontrastma

kontraJuruli ganaTebis dros naturaze SeiZleba miaRwios niSnuls 1:1000 (mag:

kontrasti wylis zedapirze mzis aTinaTsa da napirze ganlagebuli xeebis qveS

arsebul Crdilebs Soris). saSualo da msxvili xedis gadaRebisas obieqtze Cndeba

mkveTri sinaTlis konturi, xolo saxe ganaTebulia cis lurji SuqiT. Tuki

vecdebiT silurje movaSoroT saxes, maSin fers dakargavs cac da gaTeTrdeba.

Uunda gvaxsovdes, rom kontraJuruli ganaTebisas gadaRebuli kadrebi cudad

montaJdeba frontalur an diagonalur ganaTebaze gadaRebul kadrebTan. imisaTvis

rom daicvas sinaTlisa da fertonalobis erTianoba, opertorma unda miaRwios

mxatavi da misanaTebeli sinaTlis speqtraluri Sedgenilobis stabilurobas

epizodis yvela samontaJo kadrSi. Aamitom aq gverds ver avuvliT amreklav da

eleqtromisanaTeblebs. maTi gamoyeneba operators saSualebas aZlevs, SeinarCu-

nos sinaTlis balansi konturis sikaSkaSesa da Semavsebel sinaTles Soris,

ukeTesad gamoavlinos saxisa da figuris faqtura da moculoba, aseve xazi gausvas

61

gmiris fsiqologiur mdgomareogbas. amasTan, Crdilebis minaTebiT Tavidan

avicilebT ferdamaxinjebas. Aamreklavi misanaTeblebi (daWmuWnuli folgiT

dafaruli dafebi) zogjer iZleva Zalian mkveTr anarekls. misanaTeblis sikaSkaSis

daregulirebisTvis mas gadafaraven xolme tiulis naWris erTi an ori feniT.

M

msxvili xedis gadaRebisas misanaTeblad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT qaRaldis

TeTri furceli, TeTri naWeri da a.S. amreklavi an eleqtro misanaTebeli,

romelic Semavsebel sinaTled gvevlineba, Cveulebriv, magrdeba kameris simaRleze

obieqtivTan axlos. Tu misanaTebeli mdebareobs adamianis saxis qvemoT, maSin

viRebT garkveul ganaTebis efeqts _ mag: anarekli magidaze dafenili TeTri

sufridan.

Uunda gvaxsovdes, rom qveda sinaTlem SiZleba dagvimaxinjos saxis forma da

gamometyveleba. amasTan, efeqturi sinaTlis arseboba gamarTlebuli unda iyos.

Mmzis kontraJuruli mdebareobisas erT-erTi amreklavi (an eleqtro) misanaTe-

blebi SeiZleba gaxdes diagonaluri (mxatavi) sinaTlis wyaro, romelic qmnis

SuqCrdilovan naxats adamianis saxeze. Aam SemTxvevaSi operatori Tavad

gansazRvravs mis saukeTeso adgilmdebareobas (ZiriTadad, ramdenadme maRla da

gverdulad gadaRebis obieqtidan). Crdilebi minaTebulia an cis sinaTlidan an

eleqtromisanaTebliT. Nnaturaze gadaReba moiTxovs dawvilebiT eqsponometriul

kontrols. Mmzis sinaTlis intensiuroba da Sesabamisad, sinaTlis balansi xSirad

icvleba atmosferuli pirobebidan gamomdinare. gadamReb jgufs xSirad uwevs did

xans lodini, rodis gamoCndeba mze da Seiqmneba pirobebi gadaRebis gasagrZeblad,

romelic daiwyo naTeli cis dros. Tu ar aris mze, ar muSaoben amreklavi

misanaTeblebic. irRveva ganaTebis arqiteqtonika. Aaramdgrad amindSi, roca iReben

mxatvruli filmis scenebs, misanaTeblis ampluaSi upiratesobas aniWeben

eleqtromisanaTebel xelsawyoebs. eleqtrosinaTlis gamoyeneba mzis kontraJu-

ruli mdebareobisas saSualebas iZleva, ar SevwyvitoT gadaReba maSinac ki, Tu

mze Rrublebs moefareba da Semdeg isev gamoCndeba. Kkonturebis gaqroba-gamoCena

gmirebze eleqtroganaTebis arsebobisas, roca saxeze sinaTlis balansi SenarCune-

bulia, mxolod acocxlebs scenas, warmoaCens mas ufro bunebrivad, organulad.

Oobieqtis ganaTebuloba moRrublul amindSi

62

moRrublul amindSi RrublebiT dafaruli ca qmnis Tanabar uCrdilo (tona-

lur) ganaTebas. Ees ganaTeba dRis saaTebSi (roca mze 15 gradusze maRali

kuTxiTaa horizontTan) xasiaTdeba sinaTlis speqtruli Semadgenlobis mudmivo-

biT (stabilurobiT) _daaxloebiT 5700-6500k. saganTa horizontaluri zedapirebi,

vinaidan mdebareoben Sveulad daSvebuli sinaTlis perpendikularulad, ufro

metadaa ganaTebuli, vidre vertikaluri zedapirebi, romelzec sinaTle garkveuli

kuTxiT ecema. saganTa gamosaxulebas viRebT tonalurs anu fertonalur

kontrastze awyobils.

moRrublul amindSi haeri gaJRenTilia nestiT (nisli, wvimis wveTebi). Nnotio

haerovani garemo arbilebs saganTa bunebriv ferebs, gansakuTrebiT, Sor xedebze

da aZlierebs sivrcis siRmis SegrZnebas. amasTan svel zedapirebze warmoiqmneba

anareklebi, rac xls uwyobs saganTa formebis gamovlinebas. moRrublul amindSi

operatorebi farTod iyeneben eleqtromisanaTeblebis SesaZleblobebs. uCrdilo

ganaTeba gvevlineba e.w. gruntad, romelzec operatori Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi

Canafiqris mixedviT “wers” sinaTliT. Eeleqtroxelsawyoebis gamoyeneba, romelTa

feris temperaturaa 5500k, saSualebas gvaZlevs, SevqmnaT mzis sinaTlis efeqti,

gavaZlieroT obieqtis sinaTlis kontrasti, mivanaTebT an davaCrdilebT ra

calkeul monakveTebs, SevqmnaT sinaTlis laqebi, anarelebi, gamovkveToT sagnis

konturebi da a.S. Tundac susti eleqtrosinaTlis wyaros arsebobisas

(akumulatoris naTura, avtomobilis Suqfari), romelic kompensirebuli iqneba

feris temperaturamde 5500k, SegviZlia gavanaToT adamianis saxe msxvil xedze,

SevqmniT odnav SesamCnev SuqCrdils, gavacocxlebT gmiris Tvalebs maSi gaCenili

anareklebiT.

yoveldRiuri qronikluri samuSaos piroebSi, Zalze xSirad operatorebs

saerTod ar aqvT eleqtrosinaTlis avtonomiuri wyaroebi naturaze gadasaRebad.

Tumca am eleqtrosinaTlis ararsebobis drosac ki SesaZlebelia, SevqmnaT saxeze

ufro moculobiTi ganaTeba moRrublul amindSi, romelic Tavisi gamomsaxvelo-

biT miaxloebuli iqneba SuqCrdilovan ganaTebasTan. amisaTvis gamoiyeneba

damaCrdileblebi _tentebi, farebi. maTi meSveobiT gadavfarvT ra cis sinaTles,

saxis erT nawilze warmovqmniT Crdils. am gziT miRebuli kontrasti cis

sinaTliT ganaTebul saxis nawilsa da daCrdilul nawils Soris, tovebs

SuqCrdilovani portretis SegrZnebas (STabeWdilebas).

obieqtis ganaTebuloba da gadaReba “reJimis” pirobebSi reJimuli dro _ es aris 30-40 wuTiani periodi mzis Casvlis Semdeg da mzis

amosvlamde (daisi da aisi). Mmze Cavida, magram jer kidev ar Camowolila bindi.

Crdilebi Camuqda, adamianis saxeebi gacilebiT muqi ferisaa, vidre ca. obieqtis

mTeli sivrce, romelic ganaTebulia cis mimqrali SuqiT, ar aris damuSavebuli

sinTliT. Uufro metic, ca yovel wuTs bneldeba, Sesabamisad obieqtic ufro da

ufro sustad naTdeba.

“reJimuli” gadaRebis azri imaSi mdgomareobs, rom gmirebis saxeebis an sxva

mniSvnelovani gadasaRebi obieqtebis eleqtrosinaTliT ganaTebisas, operatori

Crdilebs, maT Soris saxezec, tovebs gaunaTebels. radgan Crdilebi ganaTebulia

mxolod cis mqrqali SuqiT, amitom minaTebis intensiuroba ganuwyvetliv

mcirdeba. Kkompoziciuri elementebis eqsponometriuli sikaSkaSeebi (nax59)

“reJimul” obieqtSi gamoiyureba Semdegnairad (cifrebi pirobiTia):

saxis sikaSkaSe ganaTebul adgilebSi _ 4

cis sikaSkaSe _ 2

saxis sikaSkaSe daCrdilul adgilebSi _ 1

es sikaSkaSeebi mcirdeba dublidan dublamde.

Aamrigad, saxis ganaTebuli adgilis sikaSkaSe orjer aRemateba cis sikaSkaSes,

xolo cis sikaSkaSe orjer aRemateba saxis daCrdiluli nawilis sikaSkaSes. Suqisa

da Crdilis balansi saxeze gvaqvs _ 4:1, anu Crdilebi Rrmaa. amasTan mudmivi

sikaSkaSe gvxvdeba mxolod saxis ganaTebul adgilSi, xolo cis da saxis

daCrdiluli nawilis sikaSkaSe gnuwyvetliv mcirdeba. Mmuqdeba mTeli sivrce

irgvliv. “reJimul” pirobebSi gadaReba gvaZlevs SesaniSnav Sedegs, mniSvnelovnad

amdidrebs operatoris gamomsaxvelobiT palitras.

63

“adreuli saRamos reJimi _mzis Cas-

vlisTanave yvelaFferi rbili, plas-

tiuri xdeba. Ddilis reJimi _ ufro

xangrZlivia, meti sinotive, nami. Seg-

viZlia gadaviRoT damatebiTi misana-

Teblebis gareSe. Ria sivrce gaikva-

mlos.’’_v.kaliuta

reJimuli drois simciris gamo ga-

daRebisTvis mzadeba iwyeba dRissul,

dabindebamde. Mmowmdeba aparatura, si-

naTle, tardeba repeticiebi, raTa re-

Jimuli drois dadgomisTanave ganxor-

cieldes Canafiqri da arc erTi wuTi

ar daikargos uqmad.

Cveulebriv mijriT iReben ramdenime

dubls, saidanc Semdgom SeirCeva saukeTeso: sinaTlis balansis, fergadmocemis da,

ra Tqma unda, msaxiobTa TamaSis mixedviT.

Ddilis reJimi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas ufro martivi gadaRebebisTvis,

radgan gadaRebisTvis momzadeba sibneleSi, mzis amosvlamde araracionaluri da

rTulia.

Ooperatoris muSaoba sinaTlesTan pavilionSi

foto-, kino- da telepavilionebis warmoqmna da ganviTareba

dRevandeli pavilionebis winaprebad SegviZlia miviCnioT mxatvar-fermwerTa

saxelosnoebi, studiebi. aseTi saxelosnoebi, ZiriTadad, mowyobili iyo vrcel

SenobebSi, romelTa didi fanjrebi ganlagebuli gaxldaT CrdiloeTis mxridan,

raTa mzis pirdapiri sxivebi ar Semosuliyo oTaxSi. Tanabari, msubuqi, rbili

sinaTle, romelzec iqmneboda ferweruli tiloebi, xels uwyobda zust

fergadmocemas da stabluri iyo mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi.

roca gaCnda fotografia, fotomasalebis mgrZnobeloba imdenad dabali iyo,

rom gadaReba SeiZleboda mxolod naturaze da isic mzian amindSi. Mmiuxedavad

sinaTlis aseTi siuxvisa, eqspozicis gamoTvlas ramdenime wuTi sWirdeboda.

Aamitom adamiani, romlis portretsac akeTebda fotografi, sul mcire 2 wuTis

ganmavlobaSi mainc unda mdgariyo gaunZrevlad. gamoiyeneboda specialuri

marwuxebi, romliTac xdeboda adamianis Tavis fiqsireba. Tuki mzes Camoefareboda

Rrubeli an qari amovardeboda, romelic aiZulebda adamians Tvali daexamxamebina,

gadaReba Cavardnili iyo.

Ffotograf-portretistebi ocnebobdnen ferwerTa msgavsad studiebSi

gadaenacvlebinaT da ar yofiliyvnen damokidebuli amindis Jinianobaze. Ees

procesi mimdinareobda ori mimarTulebiT: erTi_fotomasalebis mgrZnobelobis

amaRleba da meore_ xelovnuri sinaTlis wyaroebis simZlavris gadideba. rogorc

ki xelovnuri sinaTlis wyaros xelsawyoebma SeiZines sakmarisi simZlavre,

romelic iZleoda saSualebas, gadaeRoT ukve amaRlebuli mgrZnobelobis

fotofirfitaze, portretebis, jgufuri suraTebis gadaRebam gadainacvla

fotostudiebSi. Ffotograf-portretistebi friad kmayofilni iyvnen TavianTi

bediT, radgan SeeZloT emuSavaT nebismier amindSi.

Semdgom gaCnda kino. siCqariT _16 kadri wamSi. swored es siCqare iyo

standartuli munj kinoSi. Eeqspozicia Seadgenda mxolod wamis 1/30 nawils. aseTi

eqspoziciiT gadaReba SeiZleboda molod naturaze. Mmagram amindi ucvleli ar

aris, xolo msaxiobebs unda gadauxado nebismier amindSi, maSinac ki Tu gadaReba

uamindobis gamo gadaido. amitom kinematografistebma fotografTa msgavsad

gadainacvles pavilionSi. erTis mxriv gaZlierda eleqtrogasanaTebel

xelsawyoTaA simZlavre, meores mxriv kinofiris SuqmgrZnobeloba.

64

gadaRebebis pavilionebSi Catarebis aucilebloba nakarnaxevi iyo aramarto

cvalebadi amindis kapriziT, aramed swrafviT _ emuSavaT swrafad da

produqtiulad.

Frodesac daiwyo specialuri kinostudiebis aSeneba, maT Tavidan ewodebodaT

kinofabrikebi. gadaRebis normalurad organizebisTvis muSaoba midioda sam

cvlaSi. dResac iSviaTi ar gaxlavT Ramis gadaRebebi da sxva damatebiTi

samuSaobis RamiT Sesruleba: dekoraciebiss ageba, SeRebva, Spaleris gakvra da a.S.

kinopvilionebis gamoCenam saSualeba misca reJisorebsa da operatorebs,

hqonodaT gadaRebis gansazRvruli grafiki da ar yofiliyvnen damokidebuli

amindze.

Tanamedrove tele da kino pavilionebi _ es aris rTuli inJinruli nageboba,

sakmaod maRali eleqtroSeiaraRebiT. Mmcire pavilionebSi SeiZleba gadaviRoT

maketebi, detalebi, kombinirebuli kadrebi, titrebi. Ddid pavilionebSi, romelTa

farTobic 1000 da meti kvadratuli metria, Sendeba quCebi, soflebi, gemebis

fragmentebis dekoraciebi, TamaSdeba brZolebi da a.S.

rogor unda iyos pavilioni aRWurvili teqnikurad?

1.pirvel rigSi, pavilioni unda iyos absoluturad xmagaumtari, izolirebuli,

sinqronuli gadaRebis Casatareblad. Aamitom pavilionis Senoba xSirad dgas

gancalkevebiT, sxva Senobisgan damoukidebel fundametze. Nniadagis nebimieri

vibracia da quCis xmauri ar unda igrZnobodes pavilionSi.

2.pavilioni uzrunvelyofili unda iyos meqanizebuli WeriT, dakidebuli

xaraCo-platformebiT. Aam platformebze usafrTxoebis mizniT gakeTebulia

moajirebi, damagrebulia ganaTebis xelsawyoebi. Mmeqanizebuli Weri saSualebas

iZleva ganaTebis xelsawyoebi damagrdes nebismier kordinatul wertilSi.

3.pavilions unda hqondes speciluri qseli xmis Cawerisa da kavSirisaTvis.

4.pavilionSi damontaJebuli unda iyos mZlavri gamwovi saventilacio sistema.

Ees aucilebelia iseTi scenebis gadaRebis Casatareblad, rogoricaa xanZari, roca

pirvelive dublis Semdeg SenobaSi grovdeba didi raodenobiT kvamli, romelic

saswrafod unda ganiavdes, raTa pavilioni Seivsos sufTa haeriT momdevno dublis

gadaRebamde.

5.saxanZro-wyalsadeni qselic emsaxureba igive mizans _ swrafad Caqres cecxli.

Aara marto xanZris scenebis dros, aramed, gauTvaliswinebeli ubeduri SemTxvevis

pirobebSic, radgan dekoraciebis umetesoba agebulia xis, naWris, qaRaldisgan da

miuxedavad imisa, rom gaJRenTilia specialuri cecxlsawinaaRmdego xsnariT,

dazRveuli mosalodneli xanZrisgan mainc ar aris.

6.pavilionSi, sadac iReben xanZris, wyaldidobis, zRvis, qariSxlis scenebs, anu

sadac xdeba wylis didi raodenobiT dagroveba, iataki hidroizolirebulia da

damontaJebulia specialuri sakanalizacio sistema wylis gasasvlelad.

magaliTad, zRvis qariSxlis gadaRebisas 5-10 m3 varcli, magrdeba xaraCoze

xomaldis gembanis dekoraciis zemoT. gadaReba iwyeba. xomaldi irweva, haeris

momberavi xelsawyos meSveobiT iqmneba Zlieri qaris efeqti, varcli

gadmopirqvavdeba da wylis masa gadmoiqceva gembanze. Ppirveli dubli

gadaRebulia. Mmsaxiobebi icvamen mSral kostumebs, wyali romelic pavilionis

iatakze daiRvara saswrafod unda iqnes kanalizirebuli, xolo varcli _

Sevsebuli meore dublis gadasaRebad.

7.dekoraciis gasanaTeblad aucilebelia gasanaTebeli xelsawyoebis sistema.

varvarebis naTurebiani xelsawyoebi, romelic iyenebs cvlad dens da xelsawyoebi

intensiuri wvis rkalebiT, romlebic muSaoben ucvlel, mudmiv denze, magrdeba ara

marto kidul xaraCoebze, aramed dekoraciis parametrSi da iatakze ganTavsebul

xaraCoebzec.

Tuki SevajamebT pavilionSi gamoyenebul energetikul simZlavreebs, vnaxavT,

rom igi meryeobs 1-3kvt –s farglebSi 1m2-ze. rac qarxnis sawarmos

energomomaragebis tolia.

65

kiTxva: risTvis aris moyvanili magaliTebi pavilionis energomomaragebis

Sesaxeb?

Ppasuxi: imisTvis rom davrwmundeT, ramdenad Zviri jdeba pavilionSi gadaReba.

Ddaskvna: pavilionSi gadamRebi operatori srulyofilad unda flobdes Tavis

profesias da gansakuTrebiT sinaTlesTan muSaobis xelovnebas, raTa Semoqmedebi-

Tad gamoiyenos arsebuli teqnikuri saSualebebi.

pavilionSi ganaTebis xelovnebas, mis mowyobas da mxatvrul-SemoqmedebiTad

gamoyenebas metad rTuli istoria aqvs.

sxvadasxva operators gansxvavebuli midgoma aqvs scenisa da dekoraciis gana-

Tebisadmi. pavilionSi muSaobisas operatoris winaSe mudam dgas gansazRvruli

mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi amocana. sinaTlis meSveobiT man aucileblad unda:

*gamoavlinos saganTa moculobiTi formebi, aseve dekoraciis reliefi da

faqtura.

*daxatos figuris formis konturebi da gamokveTos igi sivrceSi.

amasTan, scenaris Sesabamisad saWiroa dekoraciaSi Seiqmnas ama Tu im sinaTlis

efeqti, romelic gadmoscems moqmedebis garkveul fsiqologiur atmosferos,

ganwyobilebas.

Ddekoraciis calke ganaTebis principis dasabuTeba. Tu naturaze gadaRebisas

gamoiyeneba ganaTebis bunebrivi wyaroebi _ mze, ca, saganTagan areklili Suqi,

aseve amreklavi da eleqtromisanaTeblebi, pavilionSi operatorebi dekoraciebs

anaTeben ganaTebis aparaturiT. ganaTebis sistemis mowyoba pavilionSi dafuZne-

bulia dekoraciis da gamoyenebuli sagnebis calcalke ganaTebaze:

*dekoracia: kedlebi, iataki, Weri, kari, fanjara...

G*gamoyenebuli sagnebi: magida, skami, karada, roiali da a.S.

F*fonebi: fanjrebs, karebs, Riobebs miRma sivrce...

D*dekoraciis sivrce, sadac moZraoben msaxiobebi

*msaxiobTa figurebi

Mmravalricxovani xelsawyoebidan wamosuli Suqis kombinirebiT pavilionSi

SegviZlia, miviRoT ganaTebis sxvadasxva xasiaTi: SuqCrdilovani, tonaluri,

lokaluri (roca dekoracia ganaTebulia laqebiT) da silueturi. Suqis efeqtis

amocanis Sesabamisad naTdeba msaxiobTa figurebi, dekoraciis sivrce, ganlagebuli

sagnebi da fonebi. Ggamosaxulebis xasiaTisgan damoukideblad sivrcis

ganaTebuloba unda iyos sakmarisi, raTa saTanadod damuSavdes ferebi Crdilovan

adgilebSi. Ggamonaklisi SeiZleba iyos mxolod saRamos an Ramis ganaTebis

efeqti, roca kadris raRac monakveTebi moqceulia srul sibneleSi.

pavilionSi gadaRebis momzadebisas, operatoris samuSaos safuZveli aris

epizodis dramaturgiuli Sinaarsis saukeTesod ganovlineba, gadmocema,

mizanscenis da msaxiobis TamaSis Taviseburebis warmoCena. Aaucileblad unda

aRiniSnos, rom pavilionSi SuqTan muSaobis praqtika warmatebiT gamoiyeneba

dokumentaluri gadaRebebis drosac. interieris, sivrcis da am sivrceSi moZravi

adamianebis cal-calke ganaTeba aseve SesaZlebelia publicistur gadacemebsa da

filmebSi. Dda rac mTavaria, iZleva saukeTeso Sedegs ganaTebis xelsawyoebis

saxeobebidan damoukideblad.

sinaTlis tipebi (saxeobebi)

Tavis samuSaoSi operatori iyenebs Suqis Semdeg saxeobebs: mxatavi,

Semavsebeli, kontraJuruli, mamodelirebeli, fonuri.

Mmxatavi sinaTle _ es aris mimarTuli ganaTebis xelsawyoebis sinaTle.

ZiriTadi teqnikuri amocana imaSi mdgomareobs, rom sagnebze, figurebze, gmirebis

saxeze gaCndes SuqCrdilovani naxati. mxatavi sinaTle, romelic mkveTrad

gamohyofs obieqtis ganaTebul da Crdilovan mxareebs, SesaniSnavad gamoavlens

saganTa moculobas, formas, faqturas. gadaRebis obieqtisgan ecema Crdili

(e.w.dacemuli Crdili) sxva obieqtebze, iatakze, kedelze da a.S. aseT ganaTebas Cven

vxvdebiT mzian amindSi, roca mzis sxivebi anaTeben ra sagnebs, qmnian masze

66

SuqCrdilovan naxats. amasTan, mxatavi sinaTlis warmomqmneli ganaTebis

aparaturis meSveobiT pavilionSi SegviZlia SevqmnaT ganaTebis sxva efeqtebi.

realur cxovrebaSi _ SenobaSi Tu naturaze _ ganuwyvetliv vxvdebiT

romelime sinaTlis efeqts. uamindobaSic ki oTaxSi igrZnoba fanjridan Semosuli

moRrubluli ganaTebis efeqti. aseTi sinaTlis nakadi iqneba farTo, fanjris

farTobis Sesabamisi, xolo Crdilebi, magaliTad, adamianis saxeze, iqneba

gacilebiT rbili, vidre sanTlis an navTis sanaTuris Suqisgan Seqmnili Crdilebi,

romelTa efeqtic iqmneba aseve mxatavi sinaTlis xelsawyoebis saSualebiT.

Semavsebeli sinaTle. Ees aris sinaTle, romelic Tanabrad avsebs dekoraciis

mTel sivrces. MaseT sinaTlis Sesaqmnelad gamoiyeneba gafantuli ganaTebis

xelsawyoebi an ekranebi (CarCoze gadaWimuli TeTri naWeri), romlebic

ganaTebulia eleqtrogasanaTebeli xelsawyoebiT. gadasaRebi sivrcis TiToeul

wertilSi arsebuli sakmarisi ganaTebuloba gvexmareba saganTa plastikuri

formebis da moZravi figurebis gamovlenaSi, mianaTebs ra Crdilebs msaxiobTa

saxeebze, amiT xels uwyobs gmiris fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis emociur aRqmas.

gadaRebis obieqtis Crdilebi SeiZleba, gavanaToT ise, rom ar gamoviyenoT

dekoraciis mTeli sivrcis Semavsebeli sinaTle. amisaTvis gamoiyeneba mimarTuli

an gafantuli sinaTlis xelsawyoebi, romelic ganTavsebuli iqneba kameris

gverdiT. Aam xelsawyos sinaTlis intensivobis cvliT, regulirdeba Crdilebis

ganaTebuloba da iqmneba operatorisTvis saWiro kontrasti.

kontraJuruli (konturuli) sinaTle. Oobieqtis ukana mxridan ganaTebisas,

masze warmoiqmneba sinaTlis konturi, romelic Semoxazavs figurebs da gamohyofs

maT fonisgan.

sinaTlis konturiT SesaniSnavad esmeva xazi arqiteqturul formebs: kibeebs,

kolonebs, aseve ganlagebul avejs. kontraJuruli sinaTle xels uwyobs sivrcis

siRrmis aRqmas (SegrZnebas), gamohyofs pirveli xedis figurebs meore xedis

figurebisa da fonisgan. Dda am TvisebiT igi aris ara mxolod gamomsaxvelobis

saSualeba, aramed ekranis organzomilebiani sibrtyis daZlevis (gadalaxvis)

instrumenti. amasTan, unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom arasworad gamoyenebulma

kontraJurulma sinaTlem SeiZleba migviyvanos arasasurvel Sedegamde.

Aarsebobs uamravi filmi da gadacema, sadac kontraJuruli sinaTle mxolod

formaluradaa gamoyenebuli.

magaliTad epizodi, did samamulo omze gadaRebuli filmidan. Mmiwuri. Oori

oficeri zis TviTnakeT magidasTan da ganixilavs rukas. anaTebs Wraqi_Wurvis

masraSi Camagrebuli patruqi _ savsebiT garkveuli efeqturi sinaTlis wyaro.

xolo gmirebze gamosaxullia brwyinvale sinaTlis konturi, warmoqmnili

saidanRac.

kontraJuruli sinaTlis msgavsma aramotivirebulma gamoyenebam SeiZleba

mayurebelSi gamoiwvios undobloba yalbi gamosaxulebisadmi da es undobloba

gavrceldes mTels filmze _ mis dramaturgiasa da ideaze.

realisturi filmis gadaRebisas, kontraJuruli sinaTle unda gamoviyenoT

argumentirebulad, raTa gamosaxuleba iyos sando da ar iwvevdes kiTxvebs

mayurebelSi.

Mmamodelirebeli sinaTle. Mmamodelirebeli sinaTle gamoiyeneba saxisa da

msxvili detalebis sinaTliT saTuTi damuSavebisTvis. Mmsaxiobis figurisa da

saxisken mimarTulia sinaTlis wvrili kona linzuri xelsawyodan, saidanac

SeiZleba miviRoT patara laqebi da anareklebi, rac aZlierebs moculobis

grZnobas da xazs usvams gmiris fsiqologiur mdgomareobas. aseTi Suqtonaluri

modelireba xSirad gamoiyeneba gansakuTrebulad msxvili (zemsxvili) xedebis

gadaRebisas. Tvalebis minaTeba, sinaTlis aqcentebi ordenebze, samkaulebze,

diademaze da TiTze wamocmul rgolzec ki, aTinaTebi daxveuli Tmis kululebze

da a.S. aseTi miznebis gansaxorcieleblad mamodelirebeli sinaTle Seucvlelia.

67

Ffonuri sinaTle. Ffonuri sinaTlis amocanaa _ Seqmnas mxatvruli foni

msaxiobisTvis, daxatos (xazi Semoavlos) dekoraciis arqiteqturuli formebi da

gamoavlinos sivrcis siRrme. Ffonuri sinaTle keTdeba imdagvarad, rom ganaTebis

xelsawyoebisTvis adgilis Seucvlelad SeZlos operatorma, gadaiRos saerTo,

saSualo da msxvili xedebi. Ffonuri sinaTlis saSualebiT SegviZlia SevqmnaT,

magaliTad, alionis an daisis efeqti dekoraciis fanjrebs miRma sivrceSi...

Aamrigad operatoris gankargulebaSia sinaTlis xuTi saxeoba, TiTqos cotaa,

magram es mxolod erTi SexedviT. Uunda gaviTvaliswinoT ori viTareba:

*pirveli, sinaTlis am xuTi saxeobidan TiToeuli ganuwyvedliv da TvalnaT-

liv icvleba intensiurobis mixedviT da qmnis absoluturad gansxvavebul

urTierTTanafardobas figurasa da fons, saxis ganaTebul da Crdilovan mxareebs

Soris da a.S.

*meore _ TiToeuli maTgani SeiZleba iyos feradi. xolo ferisa da elferis

raodenoba uTvalavia.

Aamrigad, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT am garemoebebs, Suqferis palitra operators

aniWebs ganusazRvrel gamomsaxelobiT SesaZleblobebs. ATumca, imis nacvlad, rom

gamoiyenos sinaTlis xuTive saxeoba, operatorebi xSirad Semoifarglebian ori-

sami maTganiT. magaliTad, gamoiyeneba mxolod Semavsebeli sinaTle (saxeze) da

fonuri. Aamas SeiZleba daematos kontraJuruli sinaTlis wyaro da miviRoT

metad saintereso Sedegi.

roca portrets viRebT mkveTri kontrastiT saxis ganaTebul da daCrdilul

mxareebs Soris, anu Semavsebeli sinaTlis gareSe, romelic Crdilebs arbilebs,Aam

dros SeiZleba Sedegad miviRoT saxis daCrdiluli nawilis fonTan “mierTeba”.

imisaTvis rom gaveqceT msgavs usiamovnebas, aucilebelia, kontraJuruli sinaTlis

meSveobiT gamovyoT figura fonisgan an gamoviyenoT tonebis swori monacvleoba

(muqi_naTelze, naTeli _muqze) anu SevqmnaT Suqis laqebi figuris Crdilovani

nawilis ukan ganTavsebul fonze. maSin gadaRebis obieqti ukeTesad waikiTxeba.

saxeze arsebuli mkveTri SuqCrdilovani kontrasti darbildeba obieqtivze

difuzuri optikuri wanazardis damagrebis Semdeg.

Ffoni SeiZleba iyos muqic da naTelic, feradic da aqromatulic, Tanabrad

ganaTebulic da laqebiT dafarulic. Aamisgan damoukideblad figurebi da sagnebi

mainc kargad unda ikiTxebodes fonze, ar unda erwymodnen mas.

sinaTlis gasaRebi

pavilionSi sinaTlesTan samuSaod SemoRebuli iqna cneba sinaTlis gasaRebi. es

aris eqsponometriuli kontrolis sistema, romlis drosac amosaval sidided

miRebulia saxis sikaSkaSe ganaTebul nawilSi. SegaxsenebT, rom sikaSkaSe aris

ganaTebulobis funqcia, amitom operatori Tavad wyvets, Cautaros Tu ara mas

eqsponometriuli kontroli ganaTebulobis gazomvisas. ganaTebuloba _ sinaTle

romelic ecema gadaRebis obieqts gasanaTebeli xelsawyoebidan, bunebrivi

sinaTlis wyaroebidan; sikaSkaSe _ sinaTle, romelsac aireklavs obieqti.

saxis ganaTebuli nawilis sikaSkaSes ewodeba sikaSkaSis gasaRebi e.w. mTavari

saeqspozicio sinaTle, radgan swored masTan mimarTebaSi dgindeba sxva danarCeni

zedapirebis, figurebis, fonis sikaSkaSe kadrSi. swored am mTavari saeqspozicio

sinaTlidan xdeba kadris sinaTlisa da fertonaluri palitris awyoba. aqedan

gamomdinare vaskvniT, rom erT epizodSi, diafragmis erT niSnulze mTavari

saeqspozicio sinaTlis sidide ucvleli unda iyos.

sinaTlis balansi

ganaTebuli da daCrdiluli nawilebis sikaSkaSeTa urTierTSefardebas

sinaTlis balansi ewodeba. amasTan, es cneba moicavs or Semadgenel nawils:

*sinaTlisa da Crdilis Tanafardoba saxeze

*sinaTlis Tanafardoba saxesa da fonze

sakanSi warmoebuli gadaRebis mrudi F=1:4

68

O

A_maqsimaluri sikaSkaSe

O_kedelze asaxuli mzis laqebis sikaSkaSe

C_sinaTlis gasaRebi

D_fonis sikaSkaSe(dRisiT)

E_saxis Crdilis sikaSkaSe(dRisiT)

F_saxis Crdilis sikaSkaSe(RamiT)

Q_fonis sikaSkaSe(RamiT)

P_minimaluri sikaSkaSe

mzis operatoris saqmianobaSi sinaTlis balanss friad mniSvnelovani adgili

uWiravs. Mmisi saSualebiT operatori qmnis saWiro sinaTlis atmosferos,

romelSic xdeba esa Tu is moqmedeba, aregulirebs ra sinaTlisa da Crdilis

Tanafardobas sxeze, aseve saxisa da fonis ganaTebis Tanafardobas, iyenebs

gansazRvrul Suqis efeqts garkveuli atmosferos Sesaqmnelad da gmirebis

fsiqologiuri daxasiaTebis gadmosacemad.

gadaRebis obieqtebi: cixis sakani da saavadmyofos palata. sakanSi zis damna-

Save, palataSi wevs misi msxverpli. saknis kedlebi nacrisferia, kedelSi

69

Catanebulia viwro, gisosebiani sarkmeli. palataSi kedlebi naTelia, TiTqmis

TeTri, fanjrebi _ farTo.

saavadmyofos palataSi warmoebuli gadaRebis mrudi,F=1:4

O

AA_maqsimaluri sikaSkaSe

B_kedelze asaxuli mzis laqebis sikaSkaSe

Q_fonis sikaSkaSe(dRisiT)

C_sinaTlis gasaRebi

D_saxis Crdilis sikaSkaSe(dRisiT)

E_saxis Crdilis sikaSkaSe(RamiT)

FF_fonis sikaSkaSe(RamiT)

P_minimaluri sikaSkaSe

orive epizodi moiazreba rogorc drois erTsa da imave monakveTSi mimdinare

moqmedeba da montaJdeba paralelurad.

naTeli mziani dRe. Mmzis sxivebi aRwevs sakanSi patara sarkmelidan da anaTebs

damnaSavis saxes (nax60). Ddiafragmisas F=1:4, mTavari saeqspozicio sinaTle saxeze

(ganaTebul adgilebSi) udris _5 (cifri pirobiTia). Semavsebeli sinaTlis

intensiuroba didi ar aris, radgan sarkmeli pataraa da ruxi kedlebidan

areklili Suqic mcirea. saxeze arsebuli Crdilebi _ 2-is tolia. sinaTlis balansi

Sesabamisad udris 5:2. sinaTlis naxati sakmaod kontrastulia.

70

saavadmyofos palataSi (nax 61) diafragmis igive mniSvnelis dros (F=1:4) da

igive mTavari saeqspozicio sinaTlis pirobebSi (5), naTeli kedlebidan areklili

sinaTle gacilebiT didi iqneba. Aamitom daCrdiluli nawilis sikaSkaSe udris _3.

sinaTlis balansi gveqneba _5:3. sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, Crdilebi msubuqia,

ganaTebuli, rac Seesabameba udanaSaulod dazaralebuli adamianis rbil

SuqCrdilovan daxasiaTebas.

Aamrigad, mzis sxivebi drois erTsa da imave monakveTSi erT dekoraciaSi

(sakani) qmnis kontrastul SuqCrdilovan naxats Camuqebuli ruxi foniT, meore

dekoraciaSi (palata) _ rbil SuqCrdilovan naxats, naTeli foniT. rogorc

vxedavT, gamosaxulebis xasiaTi pirdapiraa damokidebuli sinaTlis balansze.

gavagrZeloT magaliTis ganxilva.

igive gmirebi gadaRebulia Ramis epizodebSi. isev diafragmis erTidaigive

niSnuli F=1:4. erTnairi mTavari saeqspozicio sinaTle saxeze _ 5. Mmagram sakanSi

(naTura WerqveS) Crdilebi ganaTebulia metad umniSvnelod da sinaTlis balansi

udris 5:1, xolo palataSi (sanaTuri tumboze) TeTri kedlebis wyalobiT sinaTlis

balansi udris 5:2. sakanSi foni TiTqmis Savia, rac uxeSi SuqCrdilovani naxatis

dros portretze qmnis gamosaxulebis kidev ufro daZabul xasiaTs. palataSi

RamiTac ki ufro naklebi kontrastia saxeze naTeli fonis gamo. Aanu miviReT

gamosaxulebis naklebad daZabuli saerTo xasiaTi.

“sianTlis gasaRebi” da sinaTlis balansi TamaSoben gansakuTrebiT aqtiur

rols yoveli epizodis gamomsaxvelobiT gadawyvetaSi, zemoqmedeben ra mayureb-

lis mier gamosaxulebis emocionalur aRqmaze. imisaTvis rom warmodgena gvqondes,

rogor gamoiyeneba mTavari saeqspozicio sinaTle da sinaTlis balansi,

mivmarToT maT maxasiaTebl mrudebs (nax 60a da 61a). SegaxsenebT, rom ordinatis

RerZze ganlagebulia gadasaRebi obieqtis sikaSkaSis sidideebi (erTeulebi), xolo

Tavad mrudze _ maTi Sesabamisi signalis done telekameris matricaze.

Aamrigad, saxis sikaSkaSe dRis epizodSi, sakanSi gadaRebisas unda Cajdes oval-

Si, romelic aerTianebs or wertils _ C da E. gmiri sakanSi moZraobisas xan

sxiviT ganaTebul adgilebSi xvdeba, xan_CrdilSi. Aamitom saxis sikaSkaSe icvleba,

magram balansi 5:2_ unda SenarCundes mTel epizodSi.

Ramis gadaRebisas am dekoraciaSi, roca F=1:4 da B=5, saxis sikaSkaSe unda Cajdes

ovalSi, romelic aerTianebs wertilebs C da F. es niSnavs, rom dekoraciaSi

msaxiobis nebismieri gadaadgilebisas misi saxis sikaSkaSe ar unda iyos mTavar

saeqspozicio sinaTleze (5) meti da erTze naklebi (wertili F). anu aucileblad

unda SenarCundes balansi 5:1. sinaTlis balansma saxesa da fons Soris (Bs.g.=5,

Bfoni=0,3-0,5) SeiZleba miaRwios niSnuls 10:1 da 12:1. Aar dagvaviwydes, rom dRis da

Ramis epizodebis gadaReba xdeba diafragmiT F=1:4 da Bs.g.=5.

kiTxva: raSi mdgomareobs gansxvaveba (teqnologiuri) dRis da Ramis ka kadrebs

Soris?

Ppasuxi: dRis da Ramis kadrebis gadaRebisas zemoTmoyvanil magaliTSi gamoye-

nebuli iqna diafragmisa da sinaTlis gasaRebis Tanabari niSnulebi F=1:4 da B=5.

Aamis gamo yvela gansxvavebuloba dRis da Ramis epizodebs Soris gamoixateba

saxeze Suqisa da Crdilis urTierTSefardebasa da saxesa da fonis sinaTlis

urTierTSefardebaSi.

dRis epizodebSi sinaTlis balansi saxeze udris 5:3(palataSi) da 5:2 (sakanSi).

Aanu mTavari saeqspozicio sinaTle stabiluria, xolo Crdilis sikaSkaSe odnav

cvalebadi gamosaxulebiTi gadawyvetidan gamomdinare. Ffoni sakmarisad naTelia

sakanSi (niSnuli _6) da Zalian kaSkaSa palataSi (7,5). Ees aris e.w. naTeli gama,

roca foni naTelia da masze Suqis laqebi da zolebia, romelic sikaSkaSiT

mniSvnelovnad aRemateba mTavar saeqspozicio sinaTles (B). es sikaSkaSeebi

SeiZleba iyos _7 da 8 ordinatis RerZze, magarm ara maqsimalur B-ze maRla.

71

saxis Crdilebis ganaTeba, Sesabamisad, sinaTlis balansic, sxvadsxva pirobebSi

SeiZleba gansxvavebuli iyos (5:3, 5:2), magram naTeli gama igrZnoba saknis rux

kedlebSic ki. Ramis an saRamos epizodis gadaRebasa axasiaTebs muqi gama. Rrma

Crdilebi saxeze, muqi foni, romlis sikaSkaSec mniSvnelovnad mcirea saxeze

arsebuli Crdilebis sikaSkaSeze. MmagaliTad 0,5_0,3. Mmagram ara minimalur B-ze

dabali. zogjer Ramis an saRamos epizodebSi gmirebi TiTqmis amovardnilebi

arian sinaTlidan da Canan rogorc siluetebi.

Ddaskvna: imisaTvis rom, SevqmnaT kadrSi dRis ganaTeba, saWiroa saxeze Sevi-

narCunoT sinaTlis balansi 5:3, 5:2, aseve sinaTlis balansi saxesa da fons Soris

epizodis Suqtonaluri gadawyvetis Sesabamisad naTel gamaSi.

saRamos an Ramis ganaTebis SesagrZnobad saWiroa muqi gama. Cvens magaliTSi

gvaqvs mkvaTrad gamoxatuli naTeli gama dRisiT saavdmyofoSi (sinaTlis balansi

saxeze 5:3, saxesa da fons Soris 5:7,5). Dda mkveTrad gamoxatuli muqi gama sakanSi

RamiT (sinaTlis balansi saxeze 5:1, saxesa da fons Soris 5:0,3). dRis da Ramis

epizodebi gadaRebulia mTavari saeqspozicio sinaTlis erTi da igive niSnuliT

_5 da erTaniri diafragmiT F=1:4.

dabali sinaTlis gasaRebi _ naTeli tonaloba

rogorc ukve iTqva, mocemul magaliTSi, gadaRebisas gamoyenebuli iqna sinaT-

lis gasaRebis da diafragmis erTnairi monacemebi, raTa moxerxebulad dagvepiris-

pirebina gadaRebis xerxebi naTel da muq tonalobaSi, gamaSi da gveCvenebina maTi

pirdapiri damokidebuleba sinaTlis balansTan.

praqtikaSi, operatorebi Tuki epizods iReben naTel tonalobaSi, gamaSi,

Segnebulad amcireben mTavari saeqspozicio sinaTlis dones, adgenen e.w. dabal

gasaRebs (Cvens magaliTSi Bmss=4 BCrdili saxeze=2 Bmin=0,3 Bmaqs=8, sinaTlis balansi

saxeze 4:2). mTavari saeqspozicio sinaTlis dabali niSnulisas damaxasiaTebeli

mrudis wrfivi monakveTis zeda nawilSi rCeba ufro meti adili (4-dan 8-mde

grafikze) naTeli zedapirebis, mkveTri anareklebis da refleqsebis dawvrilebiTi

niuansirebisTvis (nax62).

xolo epizodis muq tonalobaSi, gamaSi gadRebisas xdeba mTavari saeqspozi-

cio sinaTlis amaRleba (Cvens magaliTSi Bmss=7, BCrdili saxeze=2,5 sinaTlis balansi

saxeze 1:3). es aris e.w. mTavari saeqspozicio sinaTle (nax63).

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sinaTlis maRali gasaRebi _muqi tonaloba

A

am SemTxvevaSi maxasiaTebeli mrudis wrfivi monakveTis qveda nawilSi rCeba

meti adgili kadris muqi zedapirebis SuqiT damuSavebisTvis (monakveTi grafikze

0,3_2,5).

Aaq, aucilebelia, iTqvas Suqtonalur erTianobazec, romelic operatorma

unda SeinarCunos TiToeul epizodSi. magaliTad, miuRebelia naTel gamaSi

gadaRebuli epizodis romelime kadrSi msaxiobis saxeze Seiqmnas Ramis kontrasti

(5:1) an Ramis epizodSi foni gadanaTdes dRis niSnulamde. Aam kadrebis gamoyenebas

reJisorebi ver SeZleben, radgan isini ver damontaJdeba wina da momdevno

kadrebTan, sadac fonis sikaSkaSe pasuxobs muq gamas. Aanu operatorma ar unda

daarRvios Suqtonaluri erTianoba.

Aanareklebi. saxeze, figuraze, dekoraciis sagnebze ganTavsebuli sinaTlis

patara mkveTri laqebi _anareklebi- SeiZleba iyos kadris yvelaze naTeli

monakveTebi. maTi sikaSkaSe arc Tu iSviaTad aWarbebs saxis ganaTebuli nawilis

sikaSkaSes. Aanareklebi gamoiyeneba moculobis, faqturis ukeTesad gamosavlenad,

gadasaRebi obieqtis gamomsaxvelobis gasaZliereblad. Aanareklebi SeiZleba iyos

feradi, xazs usvamdes sinaTlis efeqtis arsebobas (mze, mTvare, koconi da a.S.).

anareklisadmi ZiriTadi teqnikuri moTxovnaa, SeinarCunos sagnis faqtura.

refleqsi. Ees aris sinaTle, romelic saganze ecema ara ganaTebis ZiriTadi

wyarodan, aramed areklilia kedlebidan, iatakidan, irgvliv ganTavsebuli

sagnebidan. tansacmlidan da a.S. refleqsi, gansakuTrebiT feradi, kargad ikiTxeba

daCrdilul adgilebSi, radgan obieqtis naTeli monakveTebi ganaTebulia mxatavi

sinaTliT, romelic gacilebiT Zlieria, vidre areklili Suqi.

Fferi _ es upirveles yovlisa Crdilia! Mmagram Crdili yovelTvis iZens amaTu

im Seferilobas kadrSi dominirebuli ferisgan gamomdinare. Crdili gareSe ar

iqneba feri, ar iqneba refleqsebis siuxve. kaSkaSa mzis sinaTlis efeqti SeuZle-

belia Seiqmnas xelovnurad sinaTlis intensivobis xarjze, aucileelia gverdiT

73

iyos raime muqi, saWiroa garkveuli kontrasti. ra mSvenieria Savi feri da

damabrmavebeli sinaTle!

Aaqedan daskvna _ sinaTle es aris operatoris xelovnebis ZiriTadi

instrumenti!

Ppavilionis ganaTebis meTodebi

SemoqmedebiTi amocanebis Sesasruleblad, xelmZRvanelobs ra filmis saerTo

gamomsaxvelobiTi gadawyvetidan, operatori pavilionSi gadaRebisas iyenebs

SuqTan muSaobis erT-erT meTods: mxatavi sinaTlis meTodi da tonaluri,

uCrdilo ganaTebis meTodi.

Mmxatavi (plastiuri) sinaTlis meTodi dafuZnebulia ganaTebis imave

principze, romelsac Cven vxvdebiT mzian amindSi, roca mzis pirdapiri sxivebiT

ganaTebuli sagnebis formebi da moculobebi gamovlenilia SuqCrdilis

saSualebiT.

M

mxatavi sinaTlis meTodis arsi imaSi mdegomareobs, rom mimarTuli sinaTlis

xelsawyoebi anaTeben dekoracias da msaxiobebs, gamoavlenens maT formas,

moculobas da faqturas Suqisa da Crdilis mkveTri gamoyofis sasualebiT.

amasTan gamovlindeba saganTa Seferiloba. operatori organizebas ukeTebs

sinaTlis sxivebis, laqebisa da Crdilebis mravalferovnebas, uqvemdebarebs

ganaTebis erTgvar arqiteqtonikas da qmnis kadris gansazRvrul Suq da

fertonalur kompozicias. im SemTxvevaSi, roca aucilebelia mTavari gmiri

gamoiyos mravalfiguriani kompoziciidan, gamoiyeneba sinaTlis aqcenti anu

momatebulia sikaSkaSe, oRond igi ar aWarbebs mTavar saeqspozicio sinaTles.

tonaluri, uCrdilo ganaTebis meTodi. pavilionSi iqmneba ganaTeba, romelic

analogiuria naturaze, moRrublul amindSi arsebuli uCrdilo ganaTebisa.

74

Ddekoraciis Tanabari ganaTeba miiRweva sxvadasxva gamfantavi masalis

gamoyenebiT. Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba TeTri naWriT gadakruli CarCoebi, romlebic

ganTavsebulia dekoraciis zemodan WerTan, kameris ukan da dekoraciis Riob

adgilebSi. maTi gamWolad ganaTebis Sedegad, es manaTobeli zedapirebi

dekoraciis mTel sivrces avseben Tanabari sinaTliT.

Ddekoraciis faqtura da plastika, tonaluri da feris perspeqtiva iqmneba

saganTa da zedapirTaA feris, tonalobis da sikaSkaSis SerCevis xarjze.

Ddekoraciis ganaTebuloba keTdeba im donaze, rom miviRoT saxis saWiro,

aucilebeli sikaSkaSe. radgan Tanabari ganaTebis dros mTavari gmiris gamoyofa

Suqis aqcentiT SeuZlebelia, igi gamoiyofa TvalSisacemi kostiumiT. igive

mizniT SeiZleba gmiri ganvaTavsoT ufro msxvil xedze, xolo danarCeni

personaJebi _ saerTo xedze.

Ggvaqvs mxolod ori meTodi _ mxatavi da tonaluri ganaTeba, magram,

miuxedavad amisa, Cven viRebT gamomsaxvelobiTi gadawyvetilebis

mravalferovnebas sxvadasxva gadacemasa Tu filmSi. da marTlac, es ori meTodi,

praqtikulad, moicavs dekoraciis ganaTebis yvela SesaZlo variants.

Mmagram, msgavsad imisa, rom ganaTebis xasiaTebi bunebaSi mudmivad icvleba da

erwymeva erTmaneTs, es ori meTodic xSirad gamoiyeneba erTdroulad operatoris

mier. magaliTad, dekoraciis sivrce ganaTebulia Tanabrad, magram saerTo

ganTebuloba Semcirebulia, xolo am sinaTlis gruntze operatori Sxefebad

isvris mimarTuli sinaTlis kaSkaSa sxivebs.

Bbevri operatori dekoraciis ganaTebisas qmnis sxvadsxva sinaTlis efeqts,

mimarTavs ra mimarTul-gafantuli ganaTebis kombinirebul meTods. amisaTvis

isini iyenebs difuzur-gamfantvel masalebs da gaanaTeben ra maT gamWolad

mimarTuli ganaTebis aparaturiT, iReben manaTobel ekranebs.

Llevan paataSvili _”pavilionSi ZiriTadi sinaTle, romelic, magaliTad,

imitacias ukeTebs dRis bunebriv ganaTebas, Cveulebriv aRwevs dekoraciis

sxvadasxva Riobebidan.

ganaTebuli zedapirebis upiratesoba imaSi gamoixateba, rom msaxiobi, Tundac

miuxlovdes mas, ar gadanaTdeba Ria xelsawyoebTan miaxloebisgan gansxvavebiT.

Mmzis pirdapiri sxivebi (linzebiani xelsawyoebidan) xandaxan iZleva

perspeqtivas, magram es unda gakeTdes taqtikurad, codniT, gemovnebiT. sinaTlis

mimarTul-gafantuli xasiaTi qmnis ara marto gansazRvrul garemos, aramed

gansakuTrebul SuqCrdils, sadac Suqisa da Crdilis sazRvrebi msubuqad

gadaSlilia, rogorc ferwerul namuSevrebSi, rac gamosaxulebas ufro bunebrivs

xdis. Mmagram mTavari mimarTul-gafantuli sinaTle (cis sinaTle fanjrebSi)

Tundac damatebiTi rkaluri ganaTebis (mzis sinaTle) gamoyenebisas, mainc ar aris

sakmarisi. maSin iZulebuli vxdebiT, damatebiT mivmarToT zeda ganaTebas,

romelic moedineba difuzur-gamfantveli Weridan”.

rogorc cnobilia, obieqtis ganaTebuloba (sikaSkaSe) mimarTul-gafantuli

ganaTebis dros ukuproporciulia siaTlis wyaromde arsebuli manZilis

kvadratisa. Cvens magaliTSi (nax64) msaxiobs fanjarasTan mdgoms, gaaCnia mTavari

saeqspozicio sikaSkaSe saxeze (ganaTebul nawilSi). Mmagram gmiri Tu moSordeba

fanjaras ori metriT, sikaSkaSe saxeze mcirdeba 4-jer, Tu moscildeba 3 metriT

_mcirdeba 9-jer da a.S. imisaTvis rom SevinarCunoT mTavari saeqspozicio

sinaTle (B) erT doneze dekoraciis mTel sivrceSi da amasTan SevinarCunoT

fanjridan Semomavali sinaTlis efeqtic, unda mivmarToT damatebiT sinaTlis

wyaroebis gamoyenebas (difuzur-gamfantveli Weridan).

saerTo, saSualo da msxvili xedebis ganaTeba

saerTo xedis ganaTebis obieqtebia _ msaxiobTa figurebi, formebi da

dekoraciis reliefi, aveji. gasanaTeblad gamoiyeneba mxatavi sinaTle, romelic

qmnis ZiriTad sinaTlis efeqts. Ffigura fonidan gamoyofilia an fonis sinaTliT

75

an kontraJuruli sinaTliT. msaxiobTa figurebi SeiZleba ganaTebuli iyos

kontrastulad, Crdilebi minaTebuli iyos sustad, radgan aq saxis gamometyveleba

mTavari ar aris. mTavaria _ gmirebis moZraoba. opertorma SeiZleba saerTod

uari Tqvas Semavsebel sinaTleze.

saSualo xedze ganaTebis obieqtebia _ Tavad figurebis moculoba da reliefi.

Ddekoracia da aveji gadanacvlebulia meore, ukana xedze. ganaTebis aqcenti

gadatanilia gmirebze. msaxiobTa Jestebi Sexamebulia mimikasTan, kargad Cans saxis

gamometyveleba, artikulacia. amitom am dros aucilebelia Semavsebeli sinaTle.

Mmsxvil xedze muSaobisas gamosaxulebis sagania msaxiobis an dokumenturi

gmiris saxe.. msxvili xedi, portreti saWiroebs sinaTliT ufro gulmodgine

modelirebas, radgan man unda asaxos gmiris fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis umciresi

niuansebi.

Mmsxvili xedis ganaTebis meTodika

Pportretis Seqmnisas ZiriTadi amocanaa, gadmovceT saxis plastiuri formebi

garkveuli ganaTebis efeqtis pirobebSi. filmSi msaxiobs (an dokumenturi

nawarmoebis gmirs) TamaSi uwevs absoluturad gansxvavebul pirobebSi.

aucilebelia, uzrunvelvyoT ganaTebis gamomsaxveloba da saxis feris ucvleloba

mTeli filmis ganmavlobaSi, aseve gmiris cnobadoba sinaTlis nebismier pirobebsa

da nebismer garemoSi. portretuli sinaTlis praqtikulad aTvisebisaTvis

saukeTeso gamosavalia, gamoviyenoT linzebiani ganaTebis xelsawyoebi, Tumca

sasurveli Sedegi miiRweva gafantuli ganaTebis aparaturiT muSaobis drosac.

davdgaT skami fonidan (sasurvelia, foni muqi ar iyos) 2-3 metris daSorebiT.

skamze modelis ampluaSi davsvaT nebismieri studenti. Kkamera movaTavsoT

gadaRebis obieqtis win. Ooptikis SerCeva xdeba msxvili xedis miRebis principiT.

ganaTebis xelsawyo ganTavsdeba kamerasTan rac SeiZleba axlos, rogorc

horizontalurad ise vertikalurad, raTa misi sinaTlis nakadi mimarTuli iyos

obieqtivis optikuri RerZis paralelurad. aseTi sinaTle praqtikulad Crdilebs

ar iZleva. gavanaTebT ra saxes mimarTuli sinaTlis wyaroTi, romelic

ganTavsebulia kameris gverdiT, Cven saxeze miviRebT muq konturs, romelic kargad

waikiTxeba naTel fonze.

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom erTi xelsawyos mimarTuli sinaTle Zalian “ubraloa’’,

igi mainc usvams xazs saxis plastikas, gamoavlens moculobas. Ees imitom xdeba,

rom saxis erTi nawili _ Subli, loyebi, nikapi_ mdebareobs masze dacemuli Suqis

mimarT marTi kuTxiT da aireklavs met sinaTles, sxva nawilebi _ yvrimalebi,

safeTqlebi, nestoebi _ mdebareobs maxvili kuTxiT da aireklavs ra nakleb

sinaTles, gveCveneba ufro muqad. Mmagram mimarTuli sinaTlis nebismieri

wertilovani wyaro iZleva sakmaod mkveTr gadasvlas naTelidan muqze da Zalian

uxeSad xatavs plastiur formas.

Nnebismieri gafantuli sinaTlis wyarod gamoiyeneba TeTri ekrani,

ganTavsebuli kameris gverdiT an didi zomis ekrani, romelic ganTavsdeba kameris

ukan, aseTi ekranebi, romlebic ganTebulia areklili sinaTliT an gamWolad

saTanado simZlavris xelsawyoebiT, iZleva Tanabari gafantuli sinaTlis nakads.

Aadamianis saxeze rbildeba Suqisa da Crdilis gamyofi xazi, gamosaxuleba xdeba

ufro plastiuri da bunebrivi. Tuki gafantuli sinaTlis xelsawyoebi,

rekomendirebulia, daidgas rac SeiZleba axlos obieqtivis optikur RerZTan,

mxatavi sinaTlis xelsawyos operatori ganaTavsebs adgilis, garemoebis, drois

da saWiro sinaTlis efeqtis mixedviT.

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davayenoT erTi mxatavi sinaTlis

momcemi ganaTebis xelsawyo mjdomare adamianis win, odnav marjvniv da odnav mis

Tavs zemoT. CavrToT sinaTle. saxeze mkveTrad gamoixateba ganaTebuli da

Camuqebuli adgilebi, mkveTrad gaimijneba Suqi da Crdili. saxe miiRebs SesamCnev

moculobas, magram operators ar akmayofilebs marto moculobis warmoCena, mas

sWirdeba, gamoavlinos adamianis garkveuli socialur-fsiqologiuri xasiaTi da

amisTvis sinaTliT gamoyos saxis erTi nawili, “damalos” meore... operatorma

unda Caataros saxis Taviseburi koreqcia SuqiT, gamomsaxvelobiTi amocanis

Sesabamisad. Man unda moZebnos momgebiani sinaTle filmis TiToeuli gmirisTvis

TiToeul epizodSi, nebismieri sinaTlis efeqtis dros.

mxatavi sinaTlis xelsawyo avwioT maRla Stativze da sinaTlis sxivi

mivmarToT gadasaRebi saxisken. daviwyoT xelsawyos nel-nela daSveba. Suqi da

Crdili saxeze ganuwyvetliv icvleba da TiToeul momentSi gansxvavebul xasiaTs

aniWebs saxes. gadavaadgiloT xelsawyo marcxniv 3-5 sm-iT da isev gavanaToT saxe,

Tan davuSvaT dabla Stativze. miviRebT portretTa gansxvavebul serias Suqisa da

Crdilis cvalebadi ganTavsebis mixedviT.

Tuki gadasaReb saxes miviCnevT garemos centrad da xelsawyos gadavanacvlebT

am garemoSi, oRond centridan Tanabrad daSorebul manZilze, Tan amavdroulad

xelsawyos davuSvebT maRlidan dabla, advilad davrwmundebiT, rom arsebobs

uamravi magaliTi mxatavi sinaTlis ganTavsebisa (nax65). Aaucileblad unda

aRiniSnos is faqtic, rom mxatavi sinaTlis xelsawyos sxivs SeuZlia Seicvalos

rogorc intensivobis, ise Tavad sxivis diametris mixedviT (magaliTad, jibis

fanaris wvrili sxivi da fanjridan Semomavali sinaTlis nakadi). am

SesaZleblobidan gamodis operatori, roca eZebs saukeTeso gamomsaxvelobiT

sinaTles Tavisi gmirisTvis.

Bbunebasa da cxovrebaSi Cven xSirad vxvdebiT mxatavi sinaTlis magaliTebs.

magaliTad, mzis sxivi dRisiT ara zenituri mdebareobisas, sanTlis, sxvadsxva

sanaTuris Tu lampionis sinaTle da a.S. yvela es sinaTlis wyaro ganTavsebulia

adamianis saxidan 15-70 gr-iT maRla da 15-90 gr_iT marjvniv an marcxniv. sinaTlis

aseTi mimarTuleba ufro momgebianad anawilebs Suqsa da Crdils saxeze, kargad

gamoavlens moculobas da Cveni TvalisTvisac ucxo ar aris. aseT sinaTles

normaluri portretuli sinaTle ewodeba.

Camavali mze (horizontTan axlos myofi), anTebuli sanTeli, magidis

sanaTuri, koconi da aseTi wyaroebi sinaTlesa da Crdils adamianis saxeze

ganaTavsebs uCveulod, efeqturi saxiT. amitomac uwodeben mas efeqtur sinaTles,

miuxedavad imisa, rom igi iqmneba mxatavi sinaTlis igive xelsawyoebiT.

saxis koreqtireba SuqiT

Mmiuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs uamravi saSualeba, SeirCes momgebiani sinaTle

ama Tu im personaJisTvis, zogjer mainc iqmneba saWiroeba, movaxdinoT gmiris

saxis koreqtireba sinaTliT.

77

sinaTliT koreqciis ZiriTadi principia _ aris sinaTle, aris informacia,

gamosaxuleba; ar aris sinaTle, ar aris informacia, gamosaxuleba.

vakeTebT sinaTlis aqcents saxis im nawilze, romlis gamokveTac aucilebeli

da gamarTlebulia azrobrivad, xolo daCrdilvis saSualebiT garkveulwilad

gadavfaravT saxis danarCen nawils. amiT saSualeba gveZleva, magaliTad,

mayureblis yuradReba mivmarToT gmiris metyveli Tavlebisken da davfaroT misi

uxeSi nikapi. Aan gavanaToT gmiris viwro Subli ise, rom cota gavzardoT misi

moculoba (nax66).

Ggamxdari saxis zedmetad daZabunebuli gamometyveleba rom SevamciroT,

SeiZleba gavanaToT igi pirdapiri sinaTliT, raTa warmovaCinoT saxis mTeli

farTobi. Zalian msuqani da farToyvrimalebiani saxe SeiZleba nawilobriv

davaCrdiloT da amiT ufro gamxdari gamovaCinoT. saxis sinaTliT koreqciisaT-

vis gamoiyeneba yvelgvari optikuri wanazardi _ badeebi, difuzionebi, kaSe da

grimi.

moZravi obieqtebis ganaTebis meTodika

sinaTle, romelic dadgmulia uZravad myofi gmirisTvis, maSinve iwyebs cvli-

lebas (umetesad ukeTesobisken), rogorc ki gmiri amoZravdeba. is garemoeba, rom

personaJebi moZraobisas xvdebian mudmivad cvalebad sinaTlis pirobebSi, erTis

mxriv, gvevlineba dadebiT faqtorad, radgan saSualeba gveZleva, mravalferovnad

gamoviyenoT sinaTlis sxvadasxva saxeoba da ufro gamomsaxvelad gadmovceT

adamiani, xolo meores mxriv _ mniSvnelovnad arTulebs operatoris samuSaos.

Ooperatoris amocanaa, erTi sinaTlidan meoreSi gadasvlisas ar warmoiqmnas

e.w. talaxi _ ormagi Crdilebi, erTi sinaTlis gadafarva meoreTi da a.S. rom

78

yoveli sinaTle iyos sakmarisad gamomsaxvelobiTi moqmedi pirisTvis mocemul

epizodSi. Mmomgebiani sinaTlis SerCeva TiToeuli msaxiobisTvis xdeba e.w.

qastingis dros.

romelime scenis gadaRebisas dekoraciaSi an bunebriv interierSi, msaxiobebi

moZraoben winaswar gaTvlil da repetirebul mizanscenaSi, ganaTebis garkveul

pirobebSi. Mmsaxiobebi SeiZleba moZraobdnen (mizanscenasTan SeTanxmebiT)

urikaze moTavsebuli, amweze damagrebuli an ubralod, Statividan panoramirebu-

li kameris paralelurad. mizanscena SeiZleba ise iyos dadgmuli, rom gmiri xan

uaxlovdebodes kameras da amiT izrdebodes masStabSi msxvil xedamde, xan

Sordebodes mas da moqmedebas ganagrZobdes saSualo da saerTo xedebze. Ees aris

dinamiuri mizanscena. Tumca mizanscena SeiZleba gaTvlili iyos statiuri

kamerisTvis, maSin mTeli scena gaiSleba siRrmeSi. Ggarkveul momentSi gmirebi

uaxlovdebian kameras da xdeba maTi TviTgamsxvileba. Ees aris siRrmiseuli

mizanscena.

siRrmiseul da dinamiur mizanscenebSi, Tuki gasaTamaSebel scenas iReben erTi

uwyveti naWriT, maSin saqme gvaqvs Sidakadrul montaJTan. xedis simsxvilis

cvlileba xdeba msaxiobTa moZraobis procesSi kamerasTan miaxloebis da

daSorebis dros. umravles SemTxvevaSi, reJisorebi upiratesobas aniWeben scenis

SeuCereblad gadaRebas, rac msaxiobs saSualebas aZlevs, aqtiurad Sevides rolSi,

misi TamaSi xdeba ufro bunebrivi da organuli. Aam SemTxvevaSi mizanscena

eqvemdebareba danawevrebas _ iyofa mTavar da meorexarisxovan monakveTebad.

Mmeorexarisxovani monakveTebi _ mizanscenis is nawilebia, sadac msaxiobebi

muSaoben saSualo da saerTo xedebze da sadac scenis dramaturgia naklebad

daZabulia.

Mmizanscenis yvelaze mTavar monakveTebze, sadac ZiriTadad TamaSdeba dram-

turgiulad yvelaze mniSvnelovani, datvirTuli moqmedeba, gadaReba warmoebs

msxvil xedze. Aaq operatori gansakuTrebuli gulmodginebiT muSaobs gmiris

portretis sinaTliT individualur modelirebaze, ra Tqma unda, saerTo

sinaTlis efeqtis gaTvaliswinebiT.

sinaTlis efeqtebi

nebismier cxovrebiseul situaciaSi, rogorc wesi, gvxvdeba sinaTlis romelime

efeqti. sadac ar unda viyoT Cven, yovelTvis vgrZnobT romelime sinaTlis

arsebobas an ararsebobas, rac CvenTvis aseve garkveul sinaTlis efeqts warmoad-

gens. dekoraciaSi raime sinaTlis efeqtis Seqmnisas, operatorebi sulac ar

akeTeben bunebrivi ganaTebis pirobebis pirdapir kopirebas.

Kkino da televizia warmoSobs Tavis mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT realobas,

sadac cxovrebiseuli mtkicebulebebis garda figurirebs fantazia da mxatvar-

operatoris ostatoba. teqnologiurad yovelgvari sinaTlis efeqtis (koconi,

sanTeli, mze da a.S.) misaRebad gamoiyeneba CvenTvis ukve nacnobi msaxiobTa,

dekoraciis da fonis calcalke ganaTebis principi.

ganvixiloT saxasiaTo sinaTlis efeqtis ramdenime magaliTi, romelic sak-

maod xSirad gamoiyeneba rogorc mxatvrul, ise dokumentur nawarmoebebSi.

Mmzis sinaTlis efeqti oTaxSi. Aam efeqtis Sesaqmnelad saWiroa ramdenime

xelsawyo ( an xelsawyoebis jgufi Tu nageboba didia):

1.linzebiani xelsawyoebi efeqturi sinaTlisTvis. Mmisi Suqi farTo nakadad

iRvreba fanjrebSi, anaTebs fardebs, dekoraciis sivrces, avejs, iatakze warmoqmnis

sinaTlis zolebs da laqebs, xatavs ra masze fanjris CarCos moxazulobas.

2.fonis gasanaTebeli xelsawyoebi. Aam xelsawyoTa sinaTlis mimarTuleba

Tanxvedrili unda iyos mTavari efeqturi sinaTlis mimarTulebisa. Crdilebi

fonze, avejze, sinaTlis laqebi da zolebi, romelic iqmneba ganaTebis aparatu-

raze damagrebuli sxvadasxva kaSeTi, unda aRiqmebodes rogorc fanjridan

Semosuli sinaTlis Crdilebi.

79

3.mxatavi sinaTlis xelsawyoebi, mimarTuli msaxiobebze, romlebis moqmedeben

dekoraciaSi.

Mmzis sinaTlis efeqtis dros aucilebelia SenarCundes naTeli gama. Ffonis

Crdilebi unda iyos msubuqi, gasxivosnebuli. am dros bevria Semavsebeli sinaTle.

sinaTlis balansi saxeze utoldeba 5:2; 5:3.

mTavari sinaTlis efeqti _ igi iqmneba mzis sinaTlis efeqtis analogiurad.

Mmagram kontrasti gazrdilia. sinaTlis balansi saxeze 5:1-ia, fonis Crdilebi _

muqi da Rrma. SesaZlebelia CrdilebSi feris dakargva.

Mmagidis abaJuriani sanaTuris efeqti. Aadamiani Semodis bnel oTaxSi, miujde-

ba sawer magidas da anTebs magidis sanaTurs. Aaq unda gaviTvaliswinoT erTi

faqti. Kkinosa da televiziis sibnele gansxvavdeba Cveulebrivi sibnelisgan.

Zalian iSviaTad filmebSi SeiZleba SevxvdeT Cabnelebul ekrans. Ees SeiZleba

gagrZeldes mxolod ramdenime wami, Torem gamosaxulebiTi scena gadaiqceva

radiogadacemad. Tu filmSi adamiani Sedis bnel oTaxSi, Cven am oTaxs unda

vxedavdeT. ganaTebis cvalebadi pirobebis Sesaqmnelad, Cveulebriv, muSaobs

ganaTebis xelsawyoebis ramdenime jgufi.

Ppirevli jgufi amzadebs sibnelis efeqts gamfantavi sinaTlis xelsawyoebis

saSualebiT (quCis lampionis anarekli, SeRebuli karidan SemoWrili Suqis zoli

da a.S.). meore jgufi muSaobas iwyebs im momentSi, roca adamiani anTebs sanaTurs.

maT Sorisaa:

1.mxatavi sinaTlis xelsawyo adamianis saxeze efeqtis Sesaqmnelad. amasTan

sinaTlis nakadi gadaifareba, kaSirdeba abaJuris formis da sanaTuris tipis

mixedviT.

2.xelsawyo, romelic Seqmnis Suqis laqas magidaze.

3.xelsawyo, romelic warmoqmnis laqebs da zolebs fonze, misi sxivi kaSirdeba

abaJuris formidan gamomdinare.

Aamrigad, adamiani Semodis bnel oTaxSi _ muSaobs ganaTebis xelsawyoebis

pirveli jgufi. Aadamiani miujda magidas, CarTo sanaTuri _muSaobs meore jgufi

_warmoiqmneba magidis sanaTuris sinaTlis efeqti. Crdilebi saxeze _Rrmaa.

sinaTlis balansi _5:1; 5:1,5. Ffoni _muqi.. muqia gamac. Aadamiani gamorTavs

sanaTs_iTiSeba meore jgufis xelsawyoebi. Mmagidis sanaTuris efeqti qreba. rCeba

bneli oTaxis efeqti.

gavarTuloT amocana. gamorTavs ra sanaTurs, adamiani dgeba magididan, midis

fanjarasTan da gadaswevs fardas. igi fanjarasTan miaxloebis periodSi ganaTe-

bulia minimaluri sinaTliT pirveli jgufis xelsawyoebidan, romelic sakmarisia

Crdilebis gasanaTeblad, raTa miviRoT sinaTlis balansi saxeze 5:1; 5:1,5. fanja-

rasTan ukve adamiani xvdeba ganaTebis sxva pirobebSi. Ees SeiZleba iyos qarisgan

moqanave QquCis fanaris sinaTle, reklamis mocimcime naTurebis Suqi, gzad

mimavali avtomobilis sinaTle, elvis QSuqi.

Nnebismieri am sinaTlis efeqtis dros unda amoqmeddes ganaTebis xelsawyoebis

mesame jgufi. amasTan, fanjridan Semosuli efeqturi sinaTle gaanaTebs ara marto

gmirs, aramed gafantavs laqebs, zolebs da anareklebs fonzec, romelic zogjer

gamoCndeba, zogjer gaqreba.

sinaTlis efeqti rentgenis kabinetSi. Aaq gamoiyeneba xelsawyoebis ori jgufi.

Ppirveli _ Cveulebrivi sinaTlisTvis kabinetSi. Mmeore _ rentgenis aparatis

ekranidan momavali efeqturi sinaTlis Sesaqmnelad eqimsa da pacientze. Eeqimi

Rilakze erTi daWeriT TiSavs Cveulebriv sinaTles da rTavs aparats. im wamsve

iTiSeba pirveli jgufis xelsawyoebi da CairTveba efeqturi sinaTlis xelsawyo

da piriqiT.

sianTlis efeqti yovelTvis dakavSirebulia gansazRvrul sinaTlis wyarosTan,

im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu es wyaro kadrSi ar aris.

sinaTlis efeqtis uamravi saxeoba arsebobs. Ggamocdili operatorebi virtu-

ozulad iyeneben sinaTlis niuansebs kadris ukeTesi gamomsaxvelobis misaRwevad.

80

sinaTlis dramaturgia

jer kidev eqsplikaciis daweris stadiaSi operatorma damajereblad unda

Camoayalibos mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiTi koncefcia, sinaTlis traqtovka

epizodebis, scenebis, mTliand filmis an gadacemis.

kinofilmSi “apokalifsi dRes’’ (reJ f.kopola op.v.stroraro) naTlad iyo

formulirebuli da Semdeg SesaniSnavad ganxorcielebuli operatoris mier

sinaTlis koncefcia, romelic filmSi gvevlineba sinTlis dramaturgiis

gansaxierebad. koncefcia mdgomareobs ori civilizaciis Sejaxebasa da urTierT-

dapirispirebaSi _ aRmosavleTis da dasavleTis _romelic ganxorcielda

gansxvavebuli xasiaTis ganaTebis urTierTSebrZolebis Sedegad. erTis mxriv_

vietnami: bunebrivi ganaTeba mzis amosvlidan daisamde, Tavisi usazRvro

elferebiTa da ferTa gardasvliT. Mmeores mxriv _ amerika: proJeqtorebis,

afeTqebis xelovnuri sinaTle _ mkveTri, damabrmavebeli, romelic operators

aZlevs udides gamomsaxvelobiT SesaZleblobebs Tavis samuSaoSi.

Ees aris magaliTi dramaturgiis gamomsaxvelobiTi gadawyvetilebisa sinaT-

liT. Aaq warmatebiTaa gamoyenebuli naTeli da muqi gama, portretTa ganaTebis

mravalferovneba kontrastis mixedviT, saxis sinaTliT koreqtreba da a.S. unda

SegaxsenoT, rom am filmis kadrireba moxda gadaRebamde didi xniT adre da

Sesrulda kadrirebidan gadauxvevlad.

Ffilmi “daumTavrebeli piesa meqanikuri pianinosTvis” (reJ. mixalkovi, op.

lebeSevi) iwyeba mkveTrad gamoxatuli naTeli gamiT. Nnatura, dila, mziani dRe.

Semdeg moqmedeba gadadis terasaze, sadac ufro sibnelea. warmoqmnili dramatur-

giuli koliziebi Zlierdeba ufro kontrastuli sinaTliT. Semdgomi scenebi

terasaze gadaRebulia oTaxidan, fanjridan. Ggama ufro muqia. Mmere saRamos

epizodebi saxlSi, minimaluri ganaTebis pirobebSi da naturaze feierverkis dros.

dramaturgiulad yvelaze datvirTuli scenebi gadaRebulia swored muq gamSi. Dda

bolos filmi mTavrdeba alionis kadrebiT naTel gamaSi _ mZinare biWi da

amomavali mzis sxivebi.

Seqmna da gadmosce ekranze sinaTlis dramaturgiis damajerebeli koncefcia _

metad rTuli SemoqmedebiTi amocanaa da misi daZleva mxolod kvalificirebul

operators ZaluZs.

Fferi kadrSi

B yvela grZnobas aqvs feri. Mmxolod gulgrilobaa _ ufero!

nazarenko

“puSkinis da gogolis gamoCenamde rusuli literatura brma iyo. Ffers, ro-

gorc aseTi, ver amCnevda. igi iyenebda gaxunebul kombinaciebs brma qvemdebareebisa

da misi ZaRliviT erTguli epiTetebisa, romelic evropas memkvidreobiT ergo

winaprebisgan. ca iyo cisferi, aisi _ alisferi, foTlebi – mwvane da a.S. da

mxolod gogolma da Semdgom lermontovma da tolstoim SeamCnia yviTeli da

iisferi. rom ca ganTiadisas SeiZleba iyos gacrecili mwvane, Tovli uRrublo

dRes _ muqi lurji, uazro eresiad moesmoda mweral-klasikoss, romelic miCveuli

iyo XVIII saukunis franguli literaturis ucvlel, sayovelTaod miRebul ferTa

gamas. (v.nabokovi)

garRveva cxovrebiseul, usazRvrod mrvalfeerovan ferTa gamisken gamomsaxve-

lobiT xelovnebaSi, moaxdines impresionistebma. maT pirvelebma miaqcies

yuradReba iseT “wvrilmanebs”, rogoricaa mocaxcaxe SuqCrdilebi xeebqveS an mzis

sxivebis celqoba foTlebze.

Yyoveli mxatvari, da maT Soris operatoric, Tavis SemoqmedebaSi valdebu-

lia, iTvaliswinebdes adamianis fsiqolofiur da fiziologiur Taviseburebas

mxedvelobiT ferTaaRqmaSi.

rogorc gvaxsovs, feris skala Sedgeba Svidi ferisgan: wiTeli, narinjisferi,

yviTeli, mwvane, cisferi, lurji da iisferi.

81

Uufro zusti warmodgena rom Segveqmnas feris aRqmis kanonzomierebaze, visar-

gebloT ferTa wriT (nax26), romelSic speqtris ferebi da masze damatebuli

mewamuli, ganlagebulia wriulad.

Ddiametrebis sapirispiro boloebze mdebareobs ferebi, romelic erTamneTis

Semavsebelia, damatebaa. Serevis dros isini avseben erTamneTs aqromatul feramde.

Ddiametris xazi _mewamuli-mwvane_ yofs wres or nawilad. Mmarjvniv Tbili

ferebia, marcxniv_civi.

Fferis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebia _feris toni, najeroba, da ganaTebuloba.

Fferis toni λ_ es Tavad feria. Fferis toni gansazRvravs feris xarisxobriv

daxasiaTebas.

Nnajeroba P _ es feris sisufTavea, saRebavis koncentraciis xarisxi (done),

minarevebis arseboba an ararseboba.

ganaTebulobas(ρ_po)_es aris sinaTlis arekvlis xarisxi feradi zedapiridan.

Aaqromatuli rigis elferebi, romlebic qmnian rux skalas TeTridan _ Savamde,

gansxvavdeba mxolod ganaTebulobiT. Cveulebriv, am skalidan xdeba ama Tu im

feradi zedapiris ganaTebulobis Sedareba.

Llokaluri feri. Ees aris sagnis zedapiris feri ganaTebis pirobebisgan damou-

kideblad. Cveni mxedvelobis mier ufro aqtiurad aRiqmeba Tbili ferebi, vidre _

civi. Ffsiqologiurad, Cven aRviqvamT Tbili feris obieqtebs ise, TiTqos isini

wamoweulia wina xedze, xolo civebi gadanacvlebulia siRrmisken.

Fferis kontrasti. Uufro didi kontrasti igrZnoba damatebiTi (Semavsebeli)

ferebis Sedarebisas: yviTeli _lurj-iisferi, wiTeli_cisferi, mwvane_mewamuli.

Aanu ferebi, romlebic urTierTssapirispirodaa ganlagebulis ferTa wris

diametrze.

a.erTdrouli kontrasti. Mxatvrebma, didi xania, SeamCnies, rom Tu obieqtis

naTeli mxare ganaTebulia Tbili ferebiT, maSin Crdilebi civi gveCveneba.

b.Tanmimdevruli kontrasti. Tu didxans davakvirdebiT mkveTrad ganTebul

ferad zedapirs, xolo Semdeg mzeras gadavitanT TeTr zedapirze, igi TiTqos

SeiZens damatebiTi feris Seferilobas.

g.zRvruli kontrasti. Oori feradi zedapiris sazRvarze maTi jeradoba izrde-

ba.

Qqoloriti

Ees aris ferTa da elferTa harmoniuli Sexameba, gansazRvruli esTetiuri

siamovnebis sagani, dramatuli JReradobis instrumenti. Qqoloriti _ erToblioba

da urTierTdamokidebuleba ferebisa, romlebic qmnian gamosaxulebas da ayalibe-

ben garkveuli feris erTianobas. Qqoloriti SeiZleba iyos naTeli an muqi,

Tbili an civi, mSvidi an myvirala.

Kkadris qilorituli erTianobis misaRwevad operatori iyenebs rogorc feris

kontrasts, ise raime gamaerTianebel ferad tons, zogjer ki ferad ganaTebas.

Aaucilebelia, gvaxsovdes: telekamera da teletraqti arc Tu iSviaTad sakmaod

amaxinjebs Tavdapirvel fers, gansakuTrebiT, Tu feradi zedapiri arasakmarisad

ganaTebulia. Fferadi ganaTebiT muSaoba SeiZleba mxolod mudmivi vizulauri

(monitoriT) da instrumentuli kontrolis pirobebSi.

saxviTi xelovnebis yvela nawarmoebSi feri gvevlineba sruluflebian drama-

tul da dramaturgiul faqtorad. Bbunebrivi, relauri ferSexameba qmnis gamosax-

ulebis garkveuli feris harmonias. mkveTri feradi aqcentebi, ferTa disonansi

aRiqmeba diskomfortulad, iwvevs gangaSis, safrTxis grZnobas.

Eesa Tu is feri TiToeuli adamianis mier aRiqmeba individualurad.

...1915 weli. sergei diagilevis xelmZRvanelobiT, reJisori mixeil larionovi

da kompozitori igor stravinski dgamen speqtakls “qorwili”. Mmxatvaria

Nnatalia gonCarova.

82

Nnatalia gonCarova: “Cemis azriT, ferSi aris uCveulo magia. Mmowyenili,

mxiaruli da mSvidi ferebi...feri zemoqmedebs fsiqologiur ganwyobaze da mWidro

kavSirSia sulier mdgomareobasTan.

wiTeli feri, Zalze muqi, rogorc sisxli, es aris simbolo vnebis, didi

siyvarulis, mudmivis, grZnobieris, dafarulis...

mkveTri wiTeli _ uecari vnebis, yayaCoebis, amboxis, ajanyebis feria...

Savi feri _ sikvdilis, Tundac droebiT urTierTgaTiSulobis. amisTvis xom ar

iweren adamianebi jvars?!

yviTeli da misgan warmoqmnili narinjisferi _ mzis, simdidris, uzrunvelyofis

feria...magram amavdroulad eWvis, undoblobis... nuTu SeiZleba, eWvi geparebodes

adamianSi, romelsac andob Sens keTildReobas, sxeuls, momaval Svilebs?!

Mmwvane _ imedis, udardelobis, amomavali balaxis, gamdinare wylis feria. Aara!

Qqorwinebis ceremoniali ar tardeba imisTvis, rom yvelaferi damTavrdes,

gaiaros rogorc wyalma!

Llurji_ciferi? Ddiax, lurjSi simSvidea, raRac iseTi, romelic gvinergavs

imeds, rom yovelTvis erTad viqnebiT.

erT-erTi dekoracia me gavakeTe Ria cisferi, odnav nacrisferi.

Mmeore _ Ria vardisferi _ feri sinazis, ocnebis, romelic yvela qalwuls

aRafrTovanebs cxovrebis romeliRac etapze.

Mmesame dekoracia _ Ria nacrisferi, nacrisferi...es aris warsulis, yovelgvari

warsulis feri da moqmedebis bolos Semodis cota moyviTalo_Jangisferi, anu

cota SeSfoTeba da undobloba!”

aseTi Rrma Cawvdomis mcdeloba feris aRqmis fsiqologiaSi aRfrTovanebis

Rirsia. dRes-dReobiT Nnatalia gonCarovas damsaxurebuli adgili uWiravs XX

saukunis rus mxatvarTa Soris.s

tulisa da kvamlis gamoyeneba dekoraciebsa da interierebSi

tiuli. Cveulebriv es masala gadaiWimeba garkveul manZilze kameridan

dekoraciis (interieris) siRrmeSi, obieqtivis optikuri RerZis

perpendikularulad. amiT warmoiqmneba haerovani perspeqtivis SegrZneba. oRond,

tiulis ukan arsebuli dekoracia mkveTrad gansxvavdeba wina xedisgan, igi kargavs

sinaTlisa da feris gajerebulobas, gamoiyureba ufro Serbilebulad, TiTqos

waSlilia. tulis gamoyenebis uaryofiTi mxarea, msaxiobTa gadaadgilebis

SezRudva dekoraciis siRrmeSi. daAaseve, kontraJuruli ganaTebiT muSaobisas,

sinaTle daecema ra tulze, momentalurad deSifrirdeba.

Ooptikuri wanazardi (difuzioni, burusi)

pavilionSi susti damaburusebeli filtrebis da difuzionebis gamoyeneba

arbilebs gamosaxulebis kontrasts, xels uwyobs kadrSi qolorituli erTianobis

Seqmnas. Tumca es wanazardebi Tanabrad abundovneben dekoraciis mTel sivrces,

erTnairad arbileben rogorc pirveli, ise meore da mesame xedebis kontrasts.

Ggakvamlva, daburuseba _ es aris kadrSi haerovani garemos Seqmnis saukeTeso

meTodi. dekoraciaSi obieqtebis kontrastis Serbileba xdeba proporciulad_ rac

ufro axlosaa kamerasTan, miT mkveTri da kontrastulia, rac Sorsaa_ miT ufro

dabinduli da waSlilia. amasTan kvamli SeiZleba ganaTdes sinaTlis patara

konebiT,riTac xdeba meore xedis da fonis obieqtebis metnaklebi

xarisxiT…darbileba. unda aRiniSnos, rom kontraJurulma sinaTlem daburusebis

dros, SeiZleba, mogvces Saravandedi ganaTebis xelsawyosTan axlos.

Mmravalkameriani gadaReba

saukeTeso, optimaluri sinaTle SeiZleba daidgas gadaRebis erTi wertilis,

erTi mimarTulebisTvis. roca Cven vmuSaobT ori an sami kameriT, TiToeul

kameras aqvs gadaRebis sakuTari wertili, amitom erTi kamerisTvis warmatebiT

dagmuli sinaTle, SeiZleba, wamgebiani aRmoCndes igive kadrisTvis sxva

wertilidan.

83

erTi kameris meorisgan izolaciis

umartives magaliTs SeiZleba

davakvirdeT bunebriv interierSi, mag:

kinoTeatris foieSi. erTi kamera

magrdeba mayurebelTa darbazis erT

kedelTan, meore _ meoresTan (nax67).

TiToeul kameras Tavisi avtonomiuri

sinaTle aqvs, romelic xels ar uSlis

meore kameras. Mmizanscena, romelSic

moZraoben msaxiobebi, naCvenebia

punqtiriT. saerTo xedze orive

kameras SeuZlia erTdroulad

gadaReba. Mmagram roca gmirebi

gamodian ufro msxvil xedze, isini ukve xvdebian erTi romelime kameris gadaRebis

sferoSi, scenis am nawilisTvis dadgmuli sinaTlis pirobebSi.

Tuki ar aris saSualeba, moxdes kamerebis erTamaneTisgan izolireba, maSin

meore kamera Tavisi sinaTliT

irTveba im momentSi, roca

gmiri Seva dekoraciis an

interieris am kamerisTvis

gankuTvnil nawilSi. roca

pavilionSi igegmeba

mravalkameriani gadaReba, maSin

winaswar, eskizebis gakeTebis

dros, mxatvari iTvaliswinebs

dekoraciis danawevrebas

damoukidebel monakveTebad

TiToeuli kamerisTvis.

68-e nax-ze Cans, rom or,

didfanjrebian da aivnian

oTaxSi SesaZlebelia gadaRebul

iqnas SeuCereblad grZeli

dadgmuli scena oTxi kameris

gamoyenebiT. ra Tqma unda,

TiToeuli kameris sinaTle daqvemdebarebulia ZiriTadi sinaTlis efeqts, mTels

dekoraciaSi dadgmuls.

Kkamera SeiZleba iyos rogorc statiur, ise dinamiur mdgomareobaSi (amwe,

urika). Aaq SesaZlebelia Seiqmnas rTuli mizanscena. Ggmirebi Tavisuflad

gadaadgildebian oTaxidan oTaxSi, gadian aivanze da a.S. aseT pirobebSi xdeba

xalxmravali scenebis gadaReba, romelic paralelurad mimdinareobs or oTaxSi

erTdrouli montaJiT sareJisoro pultze (nax68). magaliTis saxiT aq moyvanilia

dekoraciis yvelaze ubralo sqema. Mmxatvrebi, ra Tqma unda, asruleben gacilebiT

rTul dekoraciul kompleqsebs, sadac operators aqvs udidesi SesaZlebloba,

SearCios sruliad sxvadasxva gadaRebis wertili.

Uunda aRiniSnos, rom pavilionSi Suqis dayenebis meTodebi SegviZlia

warmatebiT gamoviyenoT dokumenturi filmebisa da qronikaluri masalebis

gadaRebisas.

Ramis gadaReba naturaze

Ramis gadaReba naturaze operatoris muSaobis TvalsazrisiT arafriT ar

gansxvavdeba pavilionSi gadaRebisgan. Ggamoiyeneba ganaTebis xelsawyoebi feris

temperaturiT 3200k. operatorma ise unda gamoiyenos ganaTebis xelsawyoebi, rom

mayurebelSi ar gamoiwvios xelovnurobis, gamosaxulebis siyalbis SegrZneba.

84

saRamos da Ramis sinaTlis wyaroebia: quCis lampionebi, saxlis fanjrebidan

gamosuli Suqi, transportis Suqfarebi. Ees bunebrivi, mayureblisTvis nacnobi

ganaTebaa.

Aarc Tu iSviaTad, ekranze SeiniSneba Semdeggvari kadrebi: adamiani midis

saxlis gaswvriv, misi Crdili ki meore sarTulze maRlaa. Aan Cerdeba msubuqi

avtomobili, iReba kari da minaze areklilia mTeli ganaTebis xelsawyoebi.

Ooperatoris mier Cadenili aseTi da msgavsi daudevrobebi, xSirad wyalSi yris

mTeli gadamRebi jgufis muSaobas da amdablebs filmis saerTo STabeWdilebas.

xSirad operatorebi Ramis scenebs iReben dRisiT. v.kaliuta: “Ramis scenebs

viRebT...dRisiT, kontraJuruli ganaTebis pirobebSi, zogjer Sav-TeTri firiT,

viyenebT neitraluri-ruxi da wiTeli Suqfiltrebis sxvadaxsva variantebs.

Qqalaqis peizaJebs viRebT sinaTlis mxriv ufro mkveTrad, kontrastulad, vidre

soflisas.”

Sav-TeTri firi operatoris mier gamoiyeneba Segnebulad, imis gaTvliT, rom

RamiT yvela kata ruxia. saganTa feri arasakmarisi ganaTebis dros TiTqmis ar

igrZnoba.

sinaTlesTan muSaobis principi interierSi

interieri, pirobiTad, SeiZleba davyoT sam saxeobad:

*daxuruli, anu mTlianad izolirebuli dRis sinaTlisgan da naturaluri

fonisgan

*naxevradRia _ Senoba Cveulebrivi fanjrebiT da Sesabamisad, iqedan

Semomavali dRis SuqiT da naturaluri foniT

*Ria _ interierebi, romelTa erTi kedeli iatakidan Weramde minisaa da

romlis ganaTebaSic Warbobs dRis sianTle (sruliad Ria Seuminavi terasa _ aseve

Ria interieria).

Ddaxuruli interieri. es aris darbazebi, kabinetebi, foie da msgavsi

nagebobani, romelTa gamoyeneba xSirad xdeba sxvadasxva siuJetebis, filmebis,

gadacemebis gadaRebis dros. radgan aseT interierSi fanjrebi ar aris, bunebrivia,

rom maTi sakuTari sinaTle gadaRebis sawarmoeblad sakmarisi ar iqneba.

Ooperatori iZulebulia, gamoiyenos ganaTebis xelsawyoebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom

SenobaSi maTi ganlageba xSirad sakmaod mouxerxebelia. mTavari amocanaa,

Seiqmnas sruli iluzia interierSi ganaTebis bunebriobisa. xSirad interierebi

gvevlineba arqiteqturuli Semoqmedebis Sedevrad, maT aqvT samuzeume faseuloba.

maSin operatoris amocana ufro rTuldeba: aucilebelia, mTliand SenarCundes da

xazi gaesvas xuroTmoZRvris SemoqmedebiT mignebebs. ganaTebis xelsawyoebi,

Cveulebriv, ganlagdeba kolonebis ukan, imaleba karis RiobebSi, kuTxeebsa da

SverilebSi. Ggamoiyeneba beletaJuri gadafarva, antresoli da a.S.

Tu interierSi kedlebi TeTria, maSin sinaTlis balansi daculi unda iqnes

saerTo gamomsaxvelobiT gadawyvetasTan SeTanxmebiT (dRis epizodia Tu Ramis).

xSirad qronikaluri gadaRebisas, magaliTad raime sxdomis, konferenciis

Sesvenebisas, kulisebSi gviwevs am RonisZiebis monawileTa gadaReba _ maTi

komentarebi, interviuebi da a.S.

aseTi tipis gadacemebSi xSirad vawydebiT Secdomebs _ gamomsvlelTa mimarT

cudad dadgmuli sinaTle da sinaTlis balansis darRveva saxesa da fons Soris.

Ggamomsvlelis saxe walekilia sinaTliT, xolo eqspozicia dgindeba kadris

mTavari obieqtis _ saxis mixedviT. amitom meore xedi da foni aseT kadrSi

moqceulia sibneleSi. Aar unda dagvaviwydes, rom msxvili xedis gadaRebis drosac

ki, Cven gvaqvs foni, romelsac uWiravs kadris 2/3, amitom daudevrad

komponirebuli kadrebi, cudad ganaTebuli foniT, tovebs dausruleblobis,

usufTaobis SegrZnebas.

aucilebelia, gaviTvaliswinoT, rom mTavari obieqti ganaTebuli unda iyos

saTanadod, radgan sinaTlem kargad gamoavlinos moculoba, xazi gausvas

85

mosaubris pirovnebas. Aamave dros yuradReba unda mieqces meore xedsac _ iqac

xdeba moqmedeba: xalxi dadis, saubrobs, cxovreba grZeldeba.

naxevradRia interieri

naxevradRia interierebs warmoadgens Senobebi Cveulebrivi zomis fanjrebiT:

sacxovrebeli binebi, saklaso oTaxebi, ofisebi, maRaziebi da a.S. aseT pirobebSi

gadaRebis sirTule mdgomareobs SemdegSi: fanjrebidan Semodis dRis sinaTle

feris temperaturiT 5500k, maSin roca ganaTebis aparaturis feris temperaturaa

3200k. naxevradRia pavilionebSi sinaTlesTan muSaobisas, Cven viyenebT rogorc

dRis sinaTlis temperaturas 5500k, aseve xelovnuri sinaTlis temperaturas 3200k.

dRis da xelovnuri sinaTlis Serwymas yovelTvis mivyavarT gadaRebis obieqtis

fergadmocemis damaxinjebamde. Ees ferdamaxinjeba, pirvel rigSi, SeimCneva

adamianTa saxeebze. saxes dahkravs molurjo elferi, Tu Warbobs dRis sinaTle,

xolo Tu orive sinaTle intensivobis mixedviT Tanabaria, maSin moqmedi gmiris

saxe iZens WuWyian-nacrisfer fers. (xelovnuri sinaTliT muSaobis dros #1

filtriT kameraze).

naxevradRia pavilionSi unda ganvasxvavoT, rogorc minimum gadaRebis mimar-

Tulebis sami varianti.

Ppirveli varianti: gadaReba fanjrebis mimarTulebiT (nax69). Ffanjrebi da

fanjrebs miRma sivrce gvevlineba kadris fonad. gadaRebis obieqti _adamiani_ zis

fanjrisken zurgiT an 3/4 kamerasTan mimarTebaSi. fanjridan Semomavali Suqi

misTvis kontraJurulia. Aam variantSi ZiriTadi sinaTle, adamianze momuSave,

iqneba kameris mxridan momavali Suqi.

Tu Cven viRebT xelovnuri ganaTebis reJimSi, sinaTlis wyaros feris tempera-

turiT 3200k, #1 filtri kameraze, Cven gadaRebis obieqts vanaTebT “wiTlad”

(3200k), xolo fonze dRis “lurji” ganaTeba gvaqvs (5500k). kameraze dayenebuli #1

filtris meSveobiT saxe iRebs normalur fergadmocemas, xolo fonze, fanjrebs

miRma iqneba “silurje”.

rogorc ferTa wris sqemidan vxedavT, ferebi _ vardisferi (Tbili) da cisferi

(civi) gvevlineba erTmaneTis (damatebad) Semavsebel ferebad. Aamas garda, Cven

Tbil obieqtebs aRviqvamT, rogorc win, pirvel xedze wamoweuls, xolo civs _

ukan daxeuls siRrmeSi. Aamrigad, Cvens magaliTSi feris kontrasti kidev ufro

gaaZlierebs sivrcis siRrmes.

86

Tu fanjrebi ikavebs kadris mniSvnelovan nawils, operatori diafragmas xsnis

naturaze gadaRebis Sesabamisad. maSin sinaTlis balansis SesanarCuneblad,

sinaTle, romelic obieqtze muSaobs kameridan, unda pasuxobdes (intensivobis

mixedviT) am diafragmas. saxis da fonis sikaSkaSeebis sworad Sefardebisas,

SegviZlia, miviRoT sakmaod gamomsaxvelobiTi portreti, amasTan sinaTlis

konturi iqneba mocisfro.

ganvixiloT kidev erTi magaliTi. Tuki ar aris sakmarisi sinaTle saklaso

oTaxis saerTo xedis gadasaRebad (gadaRebis wertili #1), maSin viRebT saSualo

xeds ori fanjriT (gadaRebis wertili #2) an xeds erTi fanjriT (gadaRebis

wertili #3).

M

meore varianti: gadaReba fanjrebis gaswvriv (nax70). Aam variantSi sinaTle

fanjrebidan ecema pirdapir adamianTa saxeebs, am SemTxvevaSi moswavleebs,

romlebic sxedan klasSi. roca gadaRebis wertili mdebareobs kedelTan, romelzec

hkidia dafa, xolo bavSvebi sxedan saxiT kamerisken, maSin fanjridan Semomavali

dRis sinaTle (5500k) iqneba mxatavi sinaTle, xolo eleqtrogasanaTeblebis

sinaTle (3200k), romelic muSaobs kameridan, iqneba Semavsebeli.

Aaq saxeze gvaqvs dRisa da xelovnuri sinaTlis Sereva. aseTi kadris gadaRebi-

sas operators aqvs sami SesaZlebloba:

*daamagros eleqtrogasanaTebel xelsawyoebze cisferi sakompenssacio fil-

tri, miiyvanos feris temperature 5500k-mde. Kkameraze daayenos naturis Suqfil-

tri (#2 #3) da gadaiRos naturis reJimSi.

*gadaiRos naturis reJimSi im eleqtrogasanaTebeli xelsawyoebiT, romelTa

sinaTlis nakadis feris temperatura miaxloebulia dRis sinaTlis feris

temperaturasTan.

*ecados, gadafaros eleqtrosinaTliT dRis sinaTlis nakadi, Semomavali

fanjrebidan (imuSaos xelovnuri ganaTebis reJimSi #1 filtriT kameraze).

87

Tuki Cvens gankargulebaSi iqneba xelovnuri sinaTlis sakmarisi raodenoba,

xolo dRis sinaTle fanjrebidan ar iqneba zedmetad intensiuri, maSin es

yvelaferi gamogviva. Eeleqtro xesawyoebis sinaTlis intensiuroba 1,5_2-jer meti

unda iyos, vidre fanjridan momavali dRis sinaTlisa, mxolod maSin CavaxSobT

cisfer Suqs, Tavidan avicilebT dRisa da xelovnuri sinaTlis aRrevas da

Sesabamisad, ferdamaxinjebas.

Mmesame varianti: gadaReba fanjrebis mxridan (nax71). gadaRebis am saxeobas

mivmarTavT maSin, roca xelovnuri sinaTle saerTod ar arsebobs da Cven viyenebT

mxolod dRis ganaTebas, romelic Semodis fanjrebidan. Aam pirobebSi gadaReba

mimdinareobs naturis reJimSi.

Ria interierebi. Ria interierebSi _ miniskedlian an saerTod ukedlo nagebo-

bebSi, terasaze_ gadaReba mimdinareobs naturis reJimSi.

sinaTlis dinamika

buneba da civilizacia gulmodgined gvTavazobs Cven cvalebadi ganaTebis

gamaognebel mravalferovnebas. Ddinamiuri sinaTlis CamonaTvali usasrulod

vrcelia.

*mzis pirveli sxivebis gamoCena _ alavardnili xis kenweroebi da aTinaTebi

fanjrebze

*aTinaTebi wyalze _ maTi anareklebi adamianTa saxeebze, sagnebze, kedlebze

*mzis sxivebi, romlebic anaTeben gmirebis saxeebs moqanave foTlebs Soris

*elvis wamieri gaelveba, romelic yvelafers gardaqmnis irgvliv

*koconis mocimcime sinaTle

*moZravi transportis Suqfarebis sinaTle

*mocimcime reklamis Suqi

Dda a.S.

Ddinamiuri Suqi gvxvdeba interierSic:P

*qarisgan moqanave darabebi fanjrebze, xan ixureba da oTaxSi bneldeba, xan

iReba da kaSkaSa mzis SuqiT avsebs oTaxis sivrces

*xelovnuri sinaTlis wyaroebis nebismieri anTeba-Caqroba _ magidis sanaTuri-

dan WaRamde, sinaTlis efeqtis gamoCena da gaqroba

*anTebuli buxridan wamosuli cecxlis anareklebi

*sinaTlis anTeba da Caqroba mezobel bnel oTaxSi, derefanSi

Dda a.S.

gansakuTrebul siZneles operatorTaTvis warmoadgens feris dinamika anu

efeqti, sadac xdeba sianTlisa da feris TandaTanobiTi cvlileba kadrSi.

Ooperatori qmnis feris garkveul arqiteqtonikas, romelic daqvemdebarebulia

epizodis saerTo mxatvrul-gamomsaxvelobiT gadawyvetilebaze. magaliTad,

dekoracia da msaxiobebi ganaTebulia fanjrebidan Semosuli Camavali mzis

movardisfero sinaTliT. Mmze Cadis, Camowva bindi, ganaTeba xdeba mocisfro-

monacrisfro, arasakmarisi. Bbolos anTeben navTis sanaTurebs an SemoaqvT

sanTlebi. msaxiobTa saxeebi, dekoracia _ xelaxla naTdeba, magram ukve sxva,

Tbili sinaTliT.

...misaRebi oTaxis kuTxeSi dgas Cveulebrivi skulpturuli portreti_ qalis

marmarilos biusti. dRisiT, fanjridan Semomavali SuqiT ganaTebuli, igi

gviCenebs mSvid, yovelldRiurobisgan ganyenebul Rirsebebs.

Ddaiwyo Weqa-quxili. Ffanjrebs miRma Camobnelda, bindma moicva oTaxi. uecrad

gaielva da elvis Suqma gaanaTa misaRebi, civi sinaTlis kaSkaSa nakadi TiTqos

gadaesxa am mSvid portrets. mogveCvena, rom TiTqos qalma Sehkivla am uecari

dartymisgan. Ffanjris minebze Camomavali wvimis wylis nakadis Crdilebi elvis

Suqis meSveobiT proecirdeba qalis marmarilos saxeze da ise Cans, TiTqos qali

tiris.

damTavrda Weqa-quxili. xalxi Semovida misaReb oTaxSi. aanTes buxari, daiwyes

mSvidi saubari. Bbuxris alis Tbili anarekli anaTebs ara marto mosaubreTa

88

saxeebs, aramed lbili SexebiT TiTqos efereba qalis saxes. Aam Tbili sinaTlisgan

saxe Serbilda, TiTqos gaTba, monawile gaxda mSvidi saubris. civi marmarilo

TiTqos Cvens Tvalwin gacocxlda, suli Caedga.

Aaqedan gamomdinare, is rac ver an ar gadmoicema wminda skulpturuli Tavl-

sazrisiT, SesaZlebellia Seivsos sinaTlis dinamikiT (SecvliT). Ees xelewifeba

mxolod kinematografiasa da televizias. mTavaria is, rom sinaTlis yvela es

cvlileba xdeba uwyvetad, erTmaneTSi gadasvliT, rac qmnis cxovrebis realuri

dinebis efeqts. aseTi gadaRebis Catareba arc ise iolia, magram igi savsea

gamomsaxvelobiTi eqspresiiT.

Kkidev erTi magaliTi:Pori kaci iyineba manqanaSi. gmirebis fizikuri mdgoma-

reobis Secvla gamoixateba feris TamaSSi. TandaTanobiT kadridan qreba Tbili

tonebi: wiTeli_ farqveSa Suqi, Semdeg yviTeli_avtomobilis Suqfarebis sinaTle.

Kkadri xdeba monoqromuli da rodesac wydeba sicocxlis bolo feTqva, gamo-

saxuleba xdeba civi, monacisfro-mocisfro. ukeTesi efeqtisTvis gamoyenebuli

iqna grimi da minebis moWirxvla. Mmagram mTavari saRebavi iyo feri.

Aarqiteqturuli Zeglebis (nagebobebis) gadaReba

Aarqiteqturuli Zeglebi, Senoba-nagebobani, skulpturebi, qandakebebi filmsa

Tu gadacemaSi asruleben, minimum, or funqcias, rols. arqiteqturuli nawarmoebi

SeiZleba iyos “mTavari gmiri”, Tu gadacema uSualod saxviT xelovnebas,

xuroTmoZRvrebas eZRveba. meores mxriv, arqiteqtura asrulebs fonis, garemos

rols, sadac mimdinareobs filmis moqmedeba. maSin is kostumebTan da rekviziteb-

Tan erTad gvevlineba im garkveuli epoqis vizualur TavlsaCinoebad, romel

epoqazec keTdeba filmi. Aaqedan gamomdinareobs moTxovna SemoqmedebiTi

jgufisadmi _ garkveuli istoriuli epoqis Sesaxeb masalis momzadebisas, yvelaze

guldasmiT SeirCes arqiteqturuli obieqtebi, romlebic TvalsaCinod gadmoscemen

istoriul garemos. SerCeva unda moxdes imisda miuxedavad, iqneba arqiteqturuli

nawarmoebi mxolod foni Tu gadaRebis mTavari obieqti.

Aarqiteqturuli Zeglebi, xuroTmoZRvarTaA nawarmoebebi brwyinvale masaa

gadaRebisTvis, radgan es Zeglebi arqiteqtorTa xelovnebis produqti, maTi

ideebis xorcSesxmuli gansaxierebaa. Nnebismieri adamiani, romelic ecnoba ama Tu

im Zegls, Tavad iRebs gadawyvetilebas, ra daaTvalieros pirvelad, ra _ Semdgom,

da ras ar miaqcios yuradReba saerTod. Cven vkisrulobT ra valdebulebas,

vuCvenoT es Zegli ekranze, mayurebels garkveulwilad Tavs vaxvevT ara marto

Cvens gemovnebas, aramed am Zeglis Cveneul aRqmas da gagebas. Seabamisad, Cveni

gemovneba da ganswavluloba am sakiTxSi eWvebs ar unda iwvevdes.

FFfilmis an gadacemis momzadebisas, sadac mTavari gmiri Tavad arqiteqturuli

Zeglia, Cven valdebulni varT, ar davamaxinjoT xuroTmoZRvris kompoziciuri

Canafiqri. sainteresod SerCeuli gadaRebis wertili xazs unda usvamdes vizualur

efeqts, romelic arqiteqtorma Caifiqra da ganaxorciela. reJisori da operato-

ri Rrmad unda Caswvdes arqiteqturuli nawarmoebis arss, kargad unda gaTvalon,

romeli profesiuli xerxebis gamoyeneba ajobebs, rom mayureblamde ufro

gamomsaxvelobiTad miitanon Zeglis avtoris Canafiqri. ganvixiloT, ra

gamomsaxvelobiTi xerxebi SeiZleba SevarCioT qalaqis, quCebis, saxlebis ekranze

warmosaCenad.

Qqalaqi

Qqalaqis yvelaze SemaRlebul adgilze asvlisasac ki (mag:funikuliorze) ver

vxedavT qalaqs mTliand, amitom Cvenda uneburad vabrunebT Tavs, raTa kargad

SevaTvalieroT mTeli sivrce. amiT Cven vasrulebT panoramas. sworedac, Zalze

Znelia miiRo mTeli qalaqis statikuri saerTo xedi, Cveulebriv, saWiro xdeba

panoramis gakeTeba. amasTan, panoramisaTvis aucilebeli ar aris moklefokusiani,

farTokuTxiani optikis gamoyeneba. Nneli panorama, Sesrulebuli normaluri

obieqtiviT F=40-50mm, iZleva sakmaod karg Sedegs (nax72).

89

U

ufro farTo, saerTo xedebi iSleba qalaqis SemaRlebuli wertilebidan _

caTamjenebidan, mTidan. Tumca arc aseTi maRali wertilebidanaa SesaZlebeli

mTeli qalaqis danaxva. aqac aucilebelia panoramireba. aseTi panoramebi unda

daiwyos da damTavrdes statikuri kadrebi, romlebic kompoziciurad gamomsaxve-

lobiTi iqneba.

Zalian saintereso SeiZleba iyos vertikaluri panorama _ zesvla, romelic

sruldeba saoperatoro amwidan an liftidan. aseTi panoramis dawyeba sasurvelia

raime fragmentiT, mere, ufro da ufro maRla asvlisas, Tanadroulad unda

Sesruldes optikuri ukandaxeva (transfokatoris meSveobiT), rac saSualebas

mogvcems mayurebels vuCvenoT qalaqis Soreuli perspeqtiva. Qqalaqis saerTo

xedebi saukeTesod miiReba haeridan gadaRebisas (TviTmfrinavi, Sveulmfreni).

TviTmfrinavi, Sveulmfreni mifrinavs, mag: qalaqis mTavari magistralis Tavze, mis

paralelurad. aseTi gadaRebisas kargad ikiTxeba qalaqis saerTo gegma, qalaqis

amSeneblebis Canafiqri _ yvelaferi TiTqos xelisgulze Cans.

Qqalaqis saerTo xedebis gadaReba SedarebiT ukeTesia kaSkaSa mzis ganaTebis

pirobebSi, romelic iZleva moculobis gamomvlen mkveTr SuqCrdilebs. Mmzis

mimarTuleba _ gadaRebis mimarTulebisadmi gverdiT mdgomareobaSi unda iyos.

imisaTvis rom miviRoT rbili, Senelebuli frena (frinvelis iraos msgavsi),

operatorebi xSirad zrdian gadaRebis siCqares, mag: gadaRebis siCqare 50 k/wm-Si

iZleva neli frenis SegrZnebas. televiziaSi frenis Seneleba advilad miiRweva

montaJis saSualebiT. Mmagram rac ar unda didxans SevaCeroT ekranze saerTo

xedi, mayurebeli mainc ver SeZlebs dawvrilebiT gaecnos qalaqs. saerTo xedidan

STabeWdilebac saerTo rCeba. Aamitom daveSvaT miwaze da gaviaroT qalaqis

quCebsa da moednebze.

Mmoedani

farTo moedanze moxvedrisas, Cven, ra Tqma unda, vcdilobT, mzera movataroT

mTel sivrces, miviRoT dasrulebuli saerTo STabeWdileba. Tu moedani Zalian

90

vrcelia, Cven panoramirebas vakeTebT mzeriT. mxolod amis Semdeg vaTvalierebT

moednis Semomfarglav Senobebs, obieqtebs. aq Cveni yuradReba gadaerTveba

saerTodan kerZomde. Mmagram xdeba isec, rom moedanze moxvedrisas, Cvens

yuradRebas maSinve ipyrobs calkeuli obieqti, didxans vaTvalierebT mas da

mxolod amis Semdeg vaqcevT yuradRebas mTlianad moedans, isic, CvenTvis

saintereso obieqtidan gamomdinare. Aaq Cveni yuradReba midis kerZodan saerTos-

ken. Mmoednebis gadaRebisas aseve iqceva operatoric. Man SiZleba gadaiRos moednis

saerTo xedi, romelic zogjer statiuria, Tuki moedani vrcelia, SeiZleba

gakeTdes panoramac. Aamis Semdeg operatori miaxloebas akeTebs moednis erTerT

mTavar obieqtze. yvela Senobisa da nagebobis msxvili xediT Cvenebisas, gadaReba

damTavrdeba arqiteqturuli ansamblis CvenebiT. amasTan gadaReba SeiZleba

daiwyos mTavari obieqtiT, moednis mxatvrul-azrobrivi centriT. Semdeg

gakeTdes optikuri daSoreba da vaCvenoT mTeli moedani saerTo xedze. Aaseve

gadaReba SeiZleba daviwyoT romelime fragmentiT, romelic azrobriv kavSirSia

wina epizodTan.

Mmoednis panoramis ganxorcielebisas unda gaviTvaliswinoT, rom moklefoku-

siani optikis gamoyeneba qmnis moednis gazrdis efeqts _ moedani moculobiT

ufro didi Cans, vidre aris sinamdvileSi.

Mmagram yvela moedani ver uZlebs statiuri saerTo xediT gadaRebas. magali-

TisTvis ganvixiloT moskovis wiTeli moedani, sasaxlis moedani sankt-

peterburgSi da taZris moedani moskovis kremlSi.

wiTeli moedani

wiTel moedanze Zalian bevri gadaReba tardeba, magram arasdros gvbezrdeba

misi ganumeorebeli ansambleis cqera. Aarsebobs uamravi foto da kinokompozicia

am ulamazesi moednisa. igi SeiZleba gadaRebuli iqnas yvela mimarTulebiT.

1.mavzoleumis mimarTulebiT. wertili kremlis kedlis da istoriis muzeums

Soris. Ffonze gamoCndeba spaskis koSki da vasil netaris taZari.

2.istoriuli muzeumis centraluri Sesasvlelidan. Aam mimarTulebidan

gadaReba Zalian sainteresoa adre diliT, roca moedani carielia, xolo mzis

mimarTuleba _ kontraJuruli.

3.spaskis koSkis mxridan, TiTqmis kremlis kedlidan.

4.vasil netaris taZridan, zeda wertilidan

5.gumis saxuravidan

6.vasil netaris taZris saxuravidan

7.spaskis koSkidan

iSviaTia, rom moedans SeerCes gadaRebis amdeni mimarTuleba. Uunda aRiniSnos,

rom amindis sxvadasxva mdgomareoba damatebiT elfers sZens am moednis

gadmocemas. zamTarSi, yinvis susxis burusi qmnis tonalur perspeqtivas kremlis

kedelsa da vasil netaris taZars Soris. burusSi Cans moskov-mdinaris napirebi.

tonaluri perspeqtivis gaZlierebis efeqts miviRebT wvimaSi gadaRebisas.

rac Seexeba wiTeli moednis bunebriv ganaTebas, igi, rogorc yvela moedani,

Caketil sivrceSia moqceulli. Mmoedani SeiZleba Semofargluli iyos SenobebiT

sami, oTxi da meti mxridan, rac qmnis moednis sxvadasxva konfiguracias xedebSi.

Mmze Tavisi Cveuli rkalis gavlisas, rogorc wesi, anaTebs marTkuTxedis sam

mxares, rogorc aris dagegmarebuli wiTeli moedani.

zafxulSi, adre diliT mze anaTebs Semocurebuli sxivebiT kremlis kedels,

mavzoleums, spaskis koSks. Ddila aris saukeTeso momenti moednis am monakveTis

gadmosacemad. istoriuli muzeumis mxridan gadaRebisas igi ganaTebulia ukana

gverdiTi sinaTliT. Ees ki ganaTebis yvelaze efeqturi xasiaTia

arqiteqturisaTvis. sinaTlis aseTi mimarTuleba saukeTesod gamoavlens SenobaTa

moculobas da faqturas. Aamis Semdeg mze gadacurdeba marjvniv, kremls miRma.

Mmoednisken mimarTuli kedeli eqceva CrdilSi. Aam dros kargadaa ganaTebuli

91

istoriuli muzeumi da gumi. vasili netaris taZari dRis pirvel naxevarSi

moqceulia CrdilSi da mxolod 14-15sT-is Semdeg iRebs is gverdiT ganaTebas.

Mmoednis ganaTebis aseTi dawvrilebiTi analizi imisTvis dagvWirda, rom

dagvenaxebina, ramdenad rTulia, gadaiRo moedani mTlianad mzis ganaTebis

pirobebSi.

roca gvaqvs dramaturgiuli amocana, gadaviRoT moedani maJorSi, bunebrivia,

upiratesobas mivaniWebT mzis ganaTebas. CvenTvis aucilebelia, winaswar

davaTvalieroT gadaRebis adgili da obieqtebi da ganvsazRvroT, dRis romel

monakveTSi moednis romeli nawilia ganaTebuli ukeTesad.

wiTeli moedani SesaniSnavia nebismier amindSi. moRrublulobis dros yvela

obieqti iRebs Tanabar ganaTebas (cis sinaTlisgan). Ppanoramis gadasaRebad es

metad mosaxerxebelia, Tumca gamosaxulebis STabeWdileba gansxvavebuli iqneba,

vidre mzis ganaTebis pirobebSi Catarebuli gadaRebisas. wiTeli moedani Tavisi

mdidruli siluetis wyalobiT lamazia saRamosac, daisis fonze.

Aai, Ramis gadaRebebi xelovnuri sinaTlis pirobebSi garkveuli siZneles

warmoadgens. Ggumis Tavze damontaJebuli proJeqtorebi Tanabrad anaTebs moedans

_ TvalisTvis es sinaTle sakmarisia. oRond moednis saerTo xedis kino da

videogadaRebisas, saWiro gaxdeba ganaTebis xelsawyoebi saerTo simZlavriT 500-

1000kvt.

sasaxlis moedani

erT-erTi ulamazesi moedani da gadasaRebad metad rTuli. Mmas ar gaaCnia ise

bevri gadaRebis mimarTuleba. Yyvelaze ufro saintereso wertilia _ mTavari

Stabis TaRis qvemodan. Kkadri metad gamomsaxvelobiTia mkveTri wina xediT,

magram statiuri, SemosazRvruli TaRiT.

zamTris sasaxlis aRebis cnobil kadrSi, romelic pirvelad gadaRebuli iqna

s.eizenSteinis da e.tises mier 1927w, filmSi “oqtomberi” da gameorebuli iqna

1937w m.romis filmSi “lenini oqtomberSi’’ (op.volCeki), gamoyenebuli iqna swored

mTavari Stabis TaRis WiSkari. Kkadri metad efeqturia, magram, samwuxarod, ar

gadmoscems mTal moedans.

92

Uufro naTeli STabeWdilebis Sesaqmnelad da moqmedebis masStaburobis misaRe-

bad reJisorma s.bondarCukma da operatorma v.iusovma filmSi “wiTeli zarebi”

gamoiyenes Sveulmfrenidan gadaReba. swored am xerxiT miiRes maT sasaxlis

moednis saerTo xedi epizodSi monawile aTasobiT adamianiT.

mTavari Senobis miwis donidan gadaRebisas, pirvel xedze miviRebT zamTris

sasaxlis dasavleT frTas. sasaxlis moedani STambeWdavad gamoiyureba zeda

wertilebidan, gansakuTrebiT, pirveli xedis figurebis gamoyenebiT, romelic

ganTavsebulia sasaxlis saxuravze. Aaseve rTuli mdgomareobaa moedanze ganaTebis

mxrivac. Mmxolod zafxulSi, dilaobiT xvdeba mze zamTris sasaxlis fasads,

romelic mimarTulia moednisken.

iseTma genialurma xuroTmoZRvarmac ki rogoricaa rastreli, romelsac

mSvenivrad esmoda Senobis momgebiani mdebareobis mniSvneloba mzis mimarT, ver

SeZlo aq veraferi. sanapiros mimarTuleba karnaxobda mas iseT mdebareobas, rom

mzis mier kargad naTdeboda mxolod mdinare nevis mxares moqceuli fasadi.

samagierod, mTavari Stabi mSvenivrad aris ganaTebuli mTeli dRis ganmavlobaSi.

moRrublul amindSi, roca eqspozicia yvelgan Tanabaria, kargia moednis

panoramiT gadaReba, radgan Senobebi Tanabari simaRlisaa. Mmoednis Senobebis

SesaniSnav ganaTebas iZleva Rrublebidan gamWolad manaTobeli mze (“mze rZeSi”).

Ees rbili, mimarTuli ganaTeba kargad gadmoscems moculobas, gansakuTrebiT

reliefebs, ar iZleva Rrma Crdilebs. aseTi sinaTle upiratesia nazi tonebisTvis

(zamTris sasaxlis TeTri-mwvane-cisferi da moyviTalo-TeTri mTavari Stabis) da

saerTod sanktpeterburgis arqiteqturisTvis.

taZris moedani (moskovis kremli)

es aris oTxive mxridan taZrebiT Semofargluli patara moedani. samxreTiT

_arxangelskis taZari, CrdiloeTiT _ uspenskis, aRmosavleTiT _ ivane didis

samreklo da dasavleTiT _ waxnagovani palata, mikruli kremlis did sasaxles da

waxnagovan palatasa da arxangelskis taZars Soris _ xarebis taZari. Mmoedani

mopirkeTebulia didi brtyeli qvebiT _ plitebiT. Tu davdgebiT moednis

SuagulSi, wriuli panoramis gakeTeba SeuZlebelia, radgan moedani Zalian

pataraa, nagebobebi _ ki masiuri, veberTela. Tumca gvaqvs mravalricxovani

statiuri xedebi, Zalian STambeWdavi, gamomsaxvelobiTi da yovel maTganSi

mocemulia erTi an ori taZari (nax73). Tuki SevecdebiT panoramis Sesrulebas

farTokuTxiani obieqtiviT, panoramirebisas aucileblad gamovlindeba mniSvne-

lovani optikuri damaxinjeba.

zeda wertili (samreklodan) saSualebas iZleva gadaviRoT saerTo xedi. roca

mze mdebareobs samxreTiT arxangelskis taZris gumbaTi warmoqmnis mkveTr

Crdilebs moednis qvebze. Aamrigad, arxangelskis taZari kadrSi mocemulia Tavisi

Crdilis saxiT. kadrSi marjvniv _ uspenskis taZari, kadris zeda nawilSi –

waxnagovani palata. zeda wertilidan, SesaZlebelia gaakeTo panorama, romelsac

daiwyeb, magaliTad, xarebis taZridan. farTokuTxiani obieqtivis daxmarebiT

SeiZleba gadaiRo ivane didis samreklo waxnagovani darbazis mxridan. Uunda

aRiniSnos, rom es kadri gvevlineba erTgvar qrestomaTiul kadrad, igi metad

gamomsaxvelobiTia da gamodgeba saxelmZRvanelod sxvadsxva koSkebis gadaRebisT-

vis. kadrSi marcxniv _waxnagovani palatis kuTxe, marjvniv – arxangelskis taZris

kuTxe, maT Soris_ samreklo. Mmzian amindSi taZrebi ganaTebulia metad efeqtu-

rad. Kkargad formirdeba M moculobebi, mkveTrad iyofa Suqi da Crdili gumbaTis

dolurebze, saukeTesod ikiTxeba waxnagovani palatis kedlebi. Mmxolod

arxangelskis taZris CrdiloeT kedels ver xvdeba mze verasodes. Mmagram misi

dasavleT kedeli SuadRisiT ganaTebulia mcuravi mxatavi sinaTliT da SeiZleba

gadaRebul iqnas friad gamomsaxvelobiTad. nebismier amindSi es moedani

gamoiyureba mxatvrulad. Ffriad saintereso siluetebis wyalobiT taZrebi

SegviZlia gadaviRoT saRamos cis fonze.

93

quCa

nebismieri prospeqtis, quCis gadaRebisas Cven yovelTvis viRebT sakmarisad

naTlad gamoxatul xazovan perspeqtivas. Cveni amocanaa, operatoruli xerxebis

saSualebiT, filmis, epizodis siuJetur-SemoqmedebiTi gadawyvetilebidan

gamomdinare, gavaZlieroT, xazi gavusvaT an piriqiT, SevarbiloT es perspeqtiva,

nagebobaTa gansxvavebul masStabebsa da daSorebebze xazgasmiT. grZelfokusiani

optika, magaliTad, asustebs siSoris gancdas da arbilebs perspeqtivas (nax74).

rad

ganac Cven saqme gvaqvs brtyel ekranTan, sivrcis haerovnebis iluziis Seqmna _

erT-erTi mTavari amocanaa. Aamitomac, Zalian kargia, Tu xazovan perspeqtivas

Seavsebs tonaluri perspeqtiva.

tonaluri perspeqtiva (tonebis Serbileba kamerisgan daSorebis mixedviT)

warmoiqmneba, roca haerovani sivrce avsebulia an wvimis wveTebiT, nisliT an

umciresi nawilakebiT _ kvamli, Tovli. amasTan obieqtebi, ganTavsebuli meore da

mesame xedebze, gaidRabneba ufro metad. SenobaTa feri xdeba pasteluri,

gamoxunebuli. Yyvela es faqtori qmnis damatebiT gamomsaxelobas, aZlierebs

gamosaxulebis siRrmis efeqts. Aam miznebisTvis operatorebi xSirad iyeneben

badeebs, garemos xelovnur daburusebas (gakvamvlas).

Nnaturaluri ganaTeba formirdeba mzis da cis sinaTleebiT. rogorc wesi, mze

anaTebs quCis erT mxares. Mmeore mxare minaTebulia cis sinaTliT. cis sikaSka-

Seze, masze arsebuli Rrublebis raodenobazea damokidebuli quCis Crdilovani

mxaris ganaTebuloba. Dda Sesabamisad, mTlianad obieqtis sikaSkaSis xasiaTi.

CvenTvis sasurvelia, rom kontrasti yvelaze gakaSkaSebul Senobebsa da yvelaze

Rrma Crdilebs Soris ar iyos Zalze didi, raTa Cajdes matricis fotografiul

sifarToveSi.

94

M

mxatvruli, dadgmuli filmebis mizanscenebis gadaRebisas, romelSic CarTulia

quCis Crdilovani mxareebi, gvixdeba maTi eleqto an amreklavi misanaTeblebiT

ganaTeba, raTa Semcirdes gamosaxulebis kontrasti. rogorc ukve iTqva, yvelaze

momgebiani mzis mdebareoba quCebis perspeqtivaSi gadaRebisa aris _ ukanagverdiTi

(nax75). aseT SemTxvevaSi mSvenivrad ixateba SenobaTa konturi, garkveviTaa

ganlagebuli Suqi da Crdili, gamokveTilia moculoba da muSavdeba zedapirebis

detalebi da faqtura. iSviaT SemTxvevebSi drois umcires monakveTSi mze

gamoCndeba zogierTi quCis SuagulSi, saxlebs Soris da kontraJuruli sinaTliT

anaTebs quCis orive mxares da haerovan sivrces (nax76a). mzis aseTi mdebareoba

qmnis gadaRebis SesaniSnav pirobas, magram es xdeba Zalze iSviaTad. Kkargad

profilirebuli Senobebis, aivnebis da a.S. arsebobisas, miviRebT SesaniSnav suraTs

quCisas, romelic ganaTebulia pirdapiri mziT (gadaRebis mimarTulebiT) (nax76b).

am SemTxvevaSi obieqtis sikaSkaSisa da feris xasiaTi Seiqmneba mxolod saxlebis

bunebrivi ferSexamebiT, maTi elferiTa da bunebrivi tonebiT. Crdilebi,

romlebic aZliereben obieqtis kontrasts, TiTqmis ar arsebobs.

quCis gadaReba moZraobisas, Cvens winaSe ayenebs zust amocanas: ratom unda

gadaviRoT maincdamainc moZraobaSi, ra gvinda amiT vTqvaT. Tu quCaSi ganlage-

bulia erTnairi, msgavsi Senobebi, maSin gavlis dros ganmeorebiTi elementebis

arseboba xazs ar gausvams nagebobaTa ritms, piriqiT, Seqmnis monotonurobis

efeqts.

kargia, Tu quCis gadaRebas moZraobaSi daviwyebT statiuri, guldasmiT kompo-

nirebuli kadriT. Semdgom manqana (saidanac xdeba gadaReba) iwyebs mdored svlas.

Dda Cven Sesabamisad vaCvenebT kompoziciuri arqiteqturuli nagebobebis rigs,

gavlas vamTavrebT mxatvruli statiuri kadriT. Tuki ar ZalgviZs mdored

davZraT manqana adgilidan da mdored gavaCeroT, maSin gadaReba SeiZleba

CavataroT Cveulebrivi gavliT, manqanis SeCerebis gareSe aqcentirebul xedebze.

95

sawyisi panorama iwyeba statikuri kadriT, Semdeg kamera panoramas akeTebs

romelime mimarTulebiT (mag:marcxnidan marjvniv). Oorive es kadri advilad

montaJdeba moZraobis mixedviT. bolo (sasruli) panorama, Statividan gadaRebu-

li, TiTqos agrZelebs manqanis svlas. Aanu kamera panoramirebs marjvnidan

marcxniv da Cerdeba kargad Sedgenil (komponirebul) statikur kadrze.

erTnairi saxlebiT Semojaruli quCa, romelsac ar gaaCnia azrobrivi

ideur_mxatvruli aqcentebi, SeiZleba gadaviRoT kameris swrafi moZraobiT,

radgan mayureblisTvis arafris momcemia yuradRebis SeCereba TiToeul saxlze.

Kkargad gamoiyureba moZraobaSi gadaRebuli quCa, Tu pirvel xedze ganlagebulia

xeebi, magaliTad, gavlas vakeTebT bulvaris gaswvriv, gadaRebas vawarmoebT quCis

meore mxares xeebs miRma.

Mmzis mdebareobidan gamomdinare SeiZleba mivRoT ganaTebis sxvadasxva va-

rientebi da Sesabamisad, sxvadasxva STabeWdileba.

*mze_ pirdapiri mimarTulebiT, erTnairadaa ganaTebuli xeebic da saxlebic.

*mze_ gverdiTi mimarTulebiT. xeebi ganaTebulia moculobiTad. zogi maTgani

moqceulia CrdilSi. saxlebi ganaTebulia mcuravi, mxatavi sinaTliT.

*mzis kontraJuruli mdebareoba mogvcems gaSuqebul foTlebs pirvel xedze da

daCrdilul, daStrixul saxlebs meore xedze. gansakuTrebiT mxatvrulia aseTi

kadri SemodgomobiT, roca pirvel xedze irxeva oqrosferi da mewamuli foTlebi.

moviyvanoT moZraobaSi gadaRebis sami magaliTi:

avstralielma kinooperatorma, romelic pirvelad moxvda moskovSi, gadawy-

vita, zustad eCvenebina igi Tavisi TanamemamuleebisTvis. gadaReba daiwyo leninis

prospeqtidan. Kkamera daayena Stativze Ria manqanaSi, CarTo motori da daiwyo

gadaReba principiT: rasac vxedav, imas viReb! daiZra qalaqis centrisken. Mmanqanis

SeCerebas da kameris damuxtvas Tu gamovricxavT, man gadaiRo 10-15 wuTiani masala

_ quCebi moZraobaSi. gadaiRo ise, rom winaswar ar dauTvalierebia gadaRebis

96

obieqti, ar SearCia saWiro da saintereso adgilebi... gadaiRo daufiqreblad,

araSemoqmedebiTad, magram _ swrafad.

Ffilmis “soliarisi” gadaRebisas reJ. tarkovskis da op. iusovs dasWirdaT,

gadaeRoT didi qalaqis Tanamedrove moZraobiT gadatvirTuli quCebi, raTa

kontrastulad daepirispirebinaT es kadrebi soflis idiliuri, ganmartovebuli

cxovrebis amsaxveli kadrebisTvis. Kkamera aqac damagrebuli iqna Stativze Ria

manqanaSi (gadaReba xdeba tokioSi). Mmanqana daiZra saerTo nakadSi misTvis

micemuli marSutiT, romelic winaswar iyo SerCeuli, igi emorCileboda

moZraobis wesebs, Cerdeboda SuqniSnebTan, uxvevda gzajvaredinebze... magram

gadaReba xdeboda siCqariT 4-8 kadri/wamSi. Eefeqti iyo gamanadgurebeli. saocari

siswrafiT miqris manqana caTambjenebs Soris, giJiviT uvlis gverds sxva manqanebs,

uecrad, TiTqos kedels miadga, Cerdeba aTasobiT manqanis wiTlad mocimcime

Suqebis win, romlebic SuqniSanze mwvane feris anaTebs elodebian...mere RmuiliT

CayvinTavs gvirabis mocimcime sinaTleSi, gamovardeba iqedan da miqris

win...daaxloebiT oTxi wuTi grZeldeba es Tavbrudamxvevi, yovlisdampyrobi svla

(ar dagvaviwydes xmauri da musika) da uecrad _ wynari soflis tbori...es aris

namdvili SemoqmedebiTi aRmafrena. K

kidev erTi magaliTi. filmSi “gzajavredini” naCvenebi unda yofiliyo Zveli

arbati, rogorc erTerTi quCa, romelic uerTdeba arbatis moedans (gzajvaredins).

Aavtorebma gadawyvites, arbati gadaeRoT gavliT b.okujavas simReris “ax, arbato,

Cemo arbato” TanxlebiT. Tavidan reJisorma da operatorma auCqareblad gaiares

arbati, SearCies saxlebi, romelzedac SeiZleboda yuradRebis miqceva. gadaReba

warmoebda Semdegnairad.

Ddadginda simReris qronometraJi, aseve gamoiangariSes, ra dro da siCqare

sWirdeboda arbatze gavlas. Ooperatori da misi asistenti isxdnen Ria manqanaSi.

maT ukan modioda kidev erTi manqana, romlis dinamikebidanac ismoda simRera.

gadaReba daiwyo smolenskis moednidan, sagareo saqmeTa saministros mraval-

sarTuliani Senobidan. Mmanqanebi gamovidnen arbatze da musikis ritms daqvemdeba-

rebulebi, nel-nela gauyvnen quCis RerZula xazs. radgan kamera ar idga Stativze

da igi eWira operators, mas SeeZlo Tavisuflad gaekeTebina panorama marjvniv da

marcxniv, maRla da dabla, iRebda ara mxolod winaswar SerCeul kadrebs, aramed

improvizirebda kidec. Ooperatoris asistenti Tvalyurs adevnebda diafragmas,

radgan quCis erTi mxare ganaTebuli iyo, meore ki_ CrdilSi moqceuli. Aamas

garda, icvleboda diafragmis niSnuli arbatis moedanze gasvlisas. gadaRebuli

iqna mxolod ori dubli, miuxedavad imisa, rom svla metad rTuli Sesasrulebeli

gaxldaT. Uunda iTqvas, rom moskovelebi, romlebic iyvnen am gadaRebis mowmeebi

da monawileni, iqceodnen saocrad bunebrivad. Soridan SemoesmaT ra simRera da

dainaxes, rom mimdinareobda gadaReba, isini manqanis miaxloebisas ganagrZobdnen

TavianT saqmianobas da avtorebis SiSi, rom dublebs gaufuWebda maTi kamerisken

mimarTuli mzera, an mcdeloba_moxvedriliyvnen kadrSi, ar gamarTlda. Oorive

dubli gadaRebuli iqna warmatebiT. Nneli svla arbatze ganpirobebuli iyo am

quCis simyudroviTa da simReris ritmiT. SemTxveviTi ar aris, rom dResdReobiT

arbatze transporti ar moZraobs, igi gankuTvnilia QqveiTad moseirneTaTvis da

Sesabamisad auCqarebeli mimoxilvisTvis.

iseTi Sedevris, rogoricaa nevis prospeqti, moZraobaSi gadaRebas didi

sifrTxile sWirdeba. Aaq imdeni arqiteqturuli Zeglia Tavmoyrili, rom TiToeul

maTganTan didxans unda SeCerde da guldasmiT daaTvaliero. Nnevis prospeqti

imsaxurebs mTel films da ara erT gavlas.

Senobebi

roca Cven gvinda, kargad SevaTvalieroT adamianis saxe, Cven vcdilobT Sevxe-

doT mas rogorc pirdapir, ise profilSi da sami-meoTxediT Semobrunebuls.

zustad aseT daTvalierebas moiTxovs Senobac. arqiteqturuli obieqtis swori

Cveneba exmareba mayurebels, Cawvdes arqiteqtoris Canafiqrs. sworad unda

97

gakeTdes aqcenti nagebobis kompoziciis RirSesaniSnav elementebze, amas

mivaRwevT gadaRebisTvis saukeTeso droisa da wertilis SerCeviT. gansazRvruli

informaciiT datvirTul kadrSi simetriuli nageboba aRiqmeba swrafad da

advilad, anu mcire dro sWirdeba.

A

asimetriuli struqturis aRqma xdeba ufro nela, radgan gaaCnia meti informa-

ciuli datvirTva, Sesabamisad kadri unda iyos ufro xangrZlivi (drois mixedviT).

Tuki arqiteqturul nagebobaSi ritmi gamoxatulia sakmaod mkveTrad, xolo am

ritmis fsiqologiuri zemoqmedeba Zalze Zlieria, aRar aris saWiro misi

gaZliereba an xazgasma gadaRebis specialuri xerxebis saSualebiT.

magaliTad, Cven win aris sanktpeterburgis “stumris ezos” kolonada an

moskovSi, maneJis erTerTi mxare (arafasaduri). Mmayurebeli, romelic aTvaliere-

bas am Senobas realobaSi, Tavad gansazRvravs, ra dro unda dauTmos mis

daTvalierebas. Aam obieqtebis ekranze Cvenebisas ki, Cven vwyvetT, rogor

ganvsazRvroT aRqmisTvis saWiro dro. Mmayurebeli obieqts aRiqvams Cveni

TvalebiT.

Nneli panorama (Cvens magaliTSi) migviyvans garkveul monoturobamde. panora-

mis sworad SerCeuli siCqare xazs gausvams Senobis ritms, xolo panoramis

SeCereba _statika_ zustad ganisazRvreba ritmis SeCerebis kompoziciiT. Aamrigad,

mayurebeli, mihyveba ra kameras, swavlobs arqiteqturis sworad danaxvas.

viwyebT ra arqiteqturuli nagebobebis Cvenebas, Cven, pirvel rigSi, ganv-

sazRvravT kadrebis kompozicias da kompoziciuri gadawyvetilebidan gamomdinare,

varkvevT, gadaRebis romeli wertilidanaa ganaTebuli Senoba yvelaze ukeT.

magaliTad, Cven unda movuTxroT mayurebels klasikuri tipis saxlis arqiteqtu-

raze. aSkaraa, Cven unda vaCvenoT sasaxlis saerTo xedi imdagvarad, rom naTlad

gamoCndes Senobis simetria. Ees iqneba gadaRebis frontaluri wertili. amasTan

Senoba Zalze gawelilia horizontalSi da rogorRac uferul horizontalur

kompoziciasTan gvaqvs saqme, Tumca, Cven mainc ver gaveqceviT gadaRebis am

wertils, Tuki filmi miZRvnilia uSualod arqiteqturisadmi.

imisaTvis rom kadri gavalamazoT, gavxadoT igi kompoziciurad ufro gamom-

saxvelobiTi, unda gamoviyenoT pirveli xedis obieqtebi da detalebi, oRond

isini ar unda faravdnen ZiriTad Senobas. Ees SeiZleba iyos xeeTa totebi,

Sadrevnebi, yvavilnarebi da a.S. Senobis daTvalierebisas, roca virCevT gadaRebis

frontalur, gverdiT an ukana wertilebs, amavdroulad Cven unda CaviniSnoT,

Senobis romeli nawili drois ra monakveTSia ganaTebuli yvelaze ukeTesad.

98

Cveulebriv arqiteqturuli Zeglis daTvalierebas erTi dRe mainc sWirdeba.

zogjer SesaZlebelia, am Tu im Zeglis ori-sami Semadgeneli nawilis daTvaliere-

bisas, SevadginoT gadaRebis grafiki.

Tuki Cven gveqneba Canawerebi saukeTeso ganaTebis Sesaxeb, SevZlebT, produq-

tiulad gamoviyenoT yoveli dRe. M

da mainc raze unda gamaxvildes yuradReba gadaRebis dros?

Ppirvel rigSi, arasasurvelia moklefokusiani optikis gamoyeneba Senobis

gverdiTi wertilidan gadaRebisas. Ees optika sakmaod amaxinjebs nagebobis

kompozicias da cru warmodgenas uqmnis masze mayurebels (nax77). SevurCevT ra

momgebian ganaTebas Senobis erT-erT mxares, sasurvelia gadaviRoT Yyvela

saerTo, saSualo da msxvili xedi, raTa aRar mogviwios Senobis am nawilize

xelmeored muSaoba.

rogorc ukve iTqva, arqiteqtorebi aqtiurad iyeneben bunebrivi ganaTebis

SesaZleblobebs nagebobis moculobis formirebis, ritmis, saerTo kompoziciis

gamosavlenad da gamosakveTad. Suq-Crdili ki saukeTeso saSualebaa am miznebis

gansaxorcieleblad!

Senobis fasadis gadaRebisas ufro gamomsaxvelobiTi iqneba ganaTebis gverdi-

Ti, mcuravi mimarTuleba. Tu mze absoluturad Riaa, misi pirdapiri sxivebi

iZleva kaSkaSa anareklebsa da Rrma Crdilebs. roca mze anaTebs Rrublebs

miRmidan, maSin saxeze gvaqvs rbili, plastiuri naxati, romelic saukeTesoa

moculobis gamosavlenad. Mmzis mkveTr sinaTleze Crdilebi imdenad Rrmaa, rom

daCrdilul adgilebSi aRar aris sakmarisi saeqspozicio sinaTle fergadmoce-

misTvis. Cven eqspozicias vadgenT ganaTebuli adgilebis mixedviT, sinaTleSi

moqceuli kolonebis kedlebis sikaSkaSidan gamomdinare. xolo obieqtebi, Senobis

fragmentebi da detalebi, romlebic moqceullia CrdilSi, ver jdeba fotogra-

fiul sifarToveSi da Sesabamisad gankuTvnilia ferdamaxinjebisTvis. ra Tqma

unda, es arasasurveli faqtia, radgan amiT irRveva xuroTmoZRvris mier Seqmnili

arqiteqturuli saxe. Aaqedan gamomdinare mivdivarT daskvnamde, rom nagebobebi,

romlebic xasiaTdeba bevri feradi elementiT, sasurvelia, gadaviRoT mzis rbili

ganaTebis dros anu roca mze Rrublebs miRmaa (mze rZeSi).

Mmonoqromuli obieqtebis gadaReba mkveTri SuqCrdilebiT SesaZlebelia

rogorc mzis gverdiTi, mcuravi, aseve ukanagverdiTi da kontraJuruli ganaTebis

dros. mzis pirdapiri mdebareobisas (mze anaTebs kameris mxridan, gadaRebis

mimarTulebiT) mSvenivrad gamoiyureba Senobebi, romelTa kedlebic profilire-

bulia: aivnebi, naxevradkolonebi da a.S. Tanamedrove xuroTmoZRvrebi TavianT

SemoqmedebaSi aqtiurad iyeneben minas. Senobis kedlebi dafarulia minis filebiT,

romlebic erTmaneTisgan gamoyofilia betonis an metalis tixrebiT.

Mminis arekvladobis Tviseba sakmao saintereso, efeqtur Sedegs iZleva kadris

gamomsaxvelobiT gadawyvetaSi. gansakuTrebiT Tu gadaReba xdeba moZraobaSi, igi

acocxlebs minis kedlebs.

Aarc ise bevri arqiteqturuli Zegli uZlebs saRamos gadaRebebs _ siluetze

(silueturs). maT Sorisaa, pirvel rigSi, koSkebi, mravalsarTuliani saxlebi,

goTikuri taZrebi anu Senobebi, romlebsac gaaCniaT gamomsaxvelobiTi formebi,

sainteresod gamokveTili monaxazi.

dResdReobiT miRebulia saRamoobiT, RamiT arqiteqturuli Zeglebis ganaTeba

xelovnuri SuqiT. proJeqtorebiT ganaTebuli xelovnebis nimuSebi metad

efeqturad gamoiyureba. Tumca sinaTlis es nakadi umeteswilad sakmarisi ar aris

firis an matricis SuqmgrZnobelobisaTvis. Ggamonaklisia, Ria nacrisferi

Senobebi, ganaTebuli Zlieri proJeqtorebiT da TeTri feris saxlebi. Cven

miviRebT mSvenier Sedegs maTi gadaRebisas Ramis cis fonze.

Aamrigad, Cven SemogTavazeT mokle mimoxilva im xerxebisa, romelTa saSuale-

biT SegviZlia, vawarmooT gadaReba da miviRoT sasurveli Sedegi. ra Tqma unda,

operatoris profesiis srulfasovnad aTvisebisaTvis es sakmarisi ar aris. mTavari

99

aq praqtikuli samuSaoebia. Tumca, studenti, romelic guldasmiT waikiTxavs da

gaecnoba am saxelmaZRvanelos, SeZlebs warmatebiT Seasrulos praqtikuli

davalebebi da droTa ganmavlobaSi kvalificirebul operatorad Camoyalibdes.