MW'/I,I<"

Mt)C Lt)C

Lai gi(li thicu TrangL" ,. .' ............................................................

01 nol dflU .......................................................................................................................................

Chltmlg J. L~p trlnh huOng dui tUl,mg, phUlmg phap giai qllYCt bili to:!n moi

I. Phtrong phap I.}ptrlnh I

2. Hai loan quan h~ gia utnh 2

3. L}p trlnh hmmg d6i 1lT<,1t1g 6

3.1 MQI s() khai ni<;m 7

3.2 Cac lfi!ui~m clla LTHDT X

3.3 Nhiing (rng d~l1lgclla LTHDT """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" I.)

4. Cac ngon nglc I.}ptrlnh htr(1t1gd()i Im.1t1g I.)

5. NgCmngiil~lp Irlnh C++ 10

Chwmg 2. Cae m(1ri)ng elm C++ so voi C

I. Cac di~m khOngttrftngthfch gilta C++ V~lANSIc 131.1

1.2

Dinh nghia ham 13

Khai bao ham nguyen mi'iu 13

1.3 S~ IUOI1gIhfch giiia con lei'>void V~lcac con leu khac 14

2. Cac kh:l n[l11gv~l()/ra!11(1iclla C++ 15

Ghi diilii;ulen Ihicl bi ra chufln (m~Ulhtnh) cout 15

Cac khii niing vicI ea teen couto 16

D(~cdlc lii;lI IlCthici bi vao chu[ln (him phfm) cin 1X

Nhiing lii;n fch cho nglcm I~lptrtnh 19

Chu Ihfch cll()i dong 19

Khai ban m9i IH1i 20

Toan Iii ph.~m vi "::" 20

Hall1 inline ., 21

Tham chicll 23

Tham chicH tin mC)1hicn 23

-~.~x.

2.1

2.2

2.3

3.

3.1

3.2

3.3

4.

5.

5.1

Hue Ii/I'

5.2

5.~

Truy6n tham s6 cho h~unhtmg tham chicu 25

Gia trj Ira v6 ella h~l/11I~Itham chicu 2X

Djnh nghla chClng ham (Overloading functions) 29

Tnfimg hf!71!"lIe !Utlll ('() III(Jllhlllll ,W). """"""""""""""""""""""""""""" ~ 1

6.

7.

Tnllmg h~)71elle htilll ('() IIhil;'lIlhlllll ,W)' ~2

Tham s6 ng{im djnh tmng h'1ig(}i h~II11 ~2

RC;sung them cae loan tt'r4ui'tn Iy h(Jnh(j It(mg: new V~Idelete ~5X.

X.I Toan tt'r dp phat h(J nh(j d(mg new """""""""""""""""""""""""""" ~5

X.2 Toan tt'rgii'ti ph()ng vlmg nh(j d(mg delete ~6

9. T6111tlit ~X

9.1

9.2

Ghi nh(1 """""""""""""""""""" ~X

Cae h')i thlr0ng g(lp """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" ~9

9.~ MOt s6 th6i 4ucn 1(lptnnh t6t ~l)

It). R~lit(lp ~9

ChmfnJ.: 3. t)6i tUc.m~va !(I'P

I. Deli tlr(.'tng 4()

2. L(1p , 42

2.1 Khai han 1("1p 42

2.1.1 T..IOd6i tHl.1I1g 44

2.1.2 Ok th~mh ph{in dir li~u 45

2.1.~ Cae h~lInth~Ulhph[in 45

2.1.4 Tham s6 ng{im d,nh tmng (Iji g(.Jih~lI11th~lI1hph[in 49

2.1.5 Ph..un vi 1(1[1 50

2.1.6 Tlr khoa xac djnh thu(\c tfnh truy xu[lt 50

2.1.7 G(.)im(Jt h:lln th~Ulhph[in tmng m(Jt hill11th:lI1hphfin kh,\c 54

2.2 Kh.t nang ella cae h~lInth~lI1hph[in 54

2.2.1 Djnh nghla chc1ngcae h~lI11th~lI1hph[in. 54

2.2.2 Cac tham sel v()i gia tfj ngfim d,nh 56

2.2.~ St'rd~mg d6i ttrqng nhtr tham sci ella h~lInthimh phfin 57

2.2.4 Con trt) this 59

.,. Phep gall cae d6i tlfqng """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""" 59

-339-

Mucluc

4. H~lmthiel I(lp (constructor) V~lh~lInbuy hi') (destructor) .c 60

4.1 mlln Ihiel I(lp 60

4.1.1 Ch(rc nfU1g,dIa h~lm thiet Iflp ..,~ 60

4.1.2 M()( sri d(lC di6m quaIl tn.JJ1gclIa h~lIn thief I(lp 62

4.2

4.1.3 H~lInthiel I(lp ng,fimdinh 63

4.1.4 Con In') d6i tlf(.1I1g, ~ 67

4.1.5 Khai hao tham chico d6i !lfl.1I1g, 6l)

H~lIn buy hI" , 7()

4.2.1 Ch(fCni\ng dIa h~lInbuy hi') : : ~ 7()

4.2.2 M()t sri qui ltinh d6i vl'fi h~lIn huy hI') 71

4.~ Su dn thiet ClIa cac h~lm Ihiel IfIp V~lhuy hi') I(fp wclor In H1gkll<H1g

gian n chicu c., 72

4.4

5.

mUTI thiet I(lp san chcp (COpy CONSTRUCTOR) 75

4.4.1 Cac tinh hu6ng Slfd~mg h~lInthiel \{lPsan chcp , 75

4.4.2 H~lInthiet Iflp san chcp ng,fimdinh ~ 76

4.4.~ Khai hij() V~ldjnh ng,hla h~lm thi(:t I;)p san chcp Ilf('fng,minh 77

4.4.4 H~lInthiet Iflp san chcp cho h'fp vector , 7l)

Cac th~mh phfin tinh (static) :-n

Th~U1hphfin dff li9U static X~

Khi'fi 1,.lOcac Ih~U1hphfin dff li9U tlnh , X5

Cac ham th~U1hphfin static ' , , X7

!)(ii tul.fng htU1g(CONSTANT) ", , Xl)

!)(ii tU(.fIlg hJng Xl)

H~lmth~U1hrhein canst , Xl)

H~ml h,.U1v~ll('1) h,.U1""""1"""""""""""""""""""""""""'" Xl)

D(ll vfln de , t; Xl)

H~un !l.f do h,.U1cll(l ml)t 1(fJ1""""""""""""""""""""""",'L l)()

Cac ki0u hall he khac , ,.. l)2

7 .3.1 H~lIn th~lnh phfin dIa h'fJ1I~lh,.lI1dIa IIJp khac , , l)2

7.3.2 H~lmh,~ndIa nhicu hJp :...;" " l)3

7.3.3 Tflt d cac h~Ul1dIa 1(fJ1I~lh,.U1dIa 1('11khac .c , ' ,..., l)'i

-340-

5.1

5.2

5.

6.

6.1

6.2

7.

7.1

7.2

7.

M './C 1t.1I"

7.4 Hai tmln nhfm ma tn}n v{1iveclor """"""""""""""""""""""""""""".l)5 .

X.

Y.

Gii'ti phap th(r nhflt-prod 1;1h;lIl1 han Br do l)5

Gii'ti phap Ih(r hai-prod 1;1h;lIl1 th;lI1h ph;-ine:I'WI(~) malrix v;lla h;U1c:lWvee:1<II''" l)7

VI dl.lleing h(.T 9XT(11l1Itll I()~

9.1 Ghi nh(1 I()~

Cae: h">iIhlr('1I1g g~p """""'" 1049.2

l).~ M(1t s() th6i quell 1(lp Irinh I()I 105

10. H;li 1(lp 105

Chafm/: -I. t)!nh ngh!a tmin tir trcn lOp

I. Gi{1iIhi<?uchung IOl)

2. Vi dl.1trcn h'1ps(1ph(re:""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 110

2.1 Hill11loan li'rIiI ham Ihllllh phfin 110

2.2 Ham loan Ilr 1;1hilm hi.1I1 112

~. Khi'tnilng Vllgiai hi.1Ilc:ltadinh ngh!a e:h()ngloan ILL 122

Phfin 1{1nloan Ilr Imng C++ dell c:<"iIh~ djnh nghi'a e:h()ng 122

Tnr('1I1gh(.T e:ae:loan Ilr ++ V;I 12~

Ll.rach(.mgiUa hllm thllllh phfin Vllhilll1hi.m 124

4. Chien Iw!e:slr dl.mg ham loan Ilr 124

5.

Cac phep loan m()1ng()i "'-""""""" 124

Cac phep loan hai ng()i 124

Cae:phep gan " 124

Toan Ilr Imy nh(lp Ihimh phfin "->" 125

Tnan tlr Imy nh(lp Ihanh phfin then e:hi s() 125

Toan tlr g(.)ihilm 125

M(Jt s() vi dl.1ticu hi6u , 125

5.1

5.2

Binh nghi'a e:h6ng phep gaB " =" , 125

Binh nghi'a ch()ng phep "II" I~O

5.~

5.4

Binh nghi'a ch6ng « viI » 1~~

Binh nghi'a e:h()ngcae: loan Ilr new viI delete I~5

5.5 Phep nhflll ma Ir(1I1vee: \(1 ;; 137

-341-

MIIC/II!'

o. Chuy6n ddi ki6u : , iL 142

0.1 WUll loan ti'cchuy6n ki6ucp OU(JC..L ! ' 14~

0.1.1 Ham loan Ii'cchuy6n kj6u trung lai gl)i harb ! 14'<;

0.1.2 Hillll loan ttcchuy6n ki6u tmng oi6u th(rc : 147

6.2 Ham loan ttr chuy6n d6i ki6u C<1SC1sang ki6ul6p ; 14X

0.2.1 Hiull thief 1(lp trong cac chuy6n d(Ji ki6u lien tiep :..: 150

6.2.2 L~ra chQn gifra hiull thief );~p vii phcp loan gall 1'<;0

6.2.~ Si'r cll.lI1gham thief );~pde; mi'1 r(mgly nghia 1111)t1ph'CPtoan 152

o.~ Chuy6n d6i ki6u tir 1(1pnay sang m<)t hip khac 1'<;4

6.~.1 Ham loan ttr chuy6n ki6u hit OUI)C.'.: i " 1'<;4

6.~.2 Hiull thief I(lp elill1gliml hilm loan Ii'c 1'<;67. T(Jlll tit 157

7.1

7.2

Ghi nht1 : 1'<;7

Cac I(Ji IhHi'1't1g,g(IP ' ' I.<;X

7.~ M(lt s6 th6i quell );~plrinh t6t 15X

S. Aai I<~p , ; 15X

ChttmlK 5. Ky thuc;.tthira kcI.

2.Gi(1i thi~u chung 161DO"nthira ke ' 16'<;

2.1. Vi d\1 minh hm.1 : 165

2.2 Truy nh:~p cac thanh phfin clla 1(1pcO"SCjtir 1(1pcliinxufll ~ 167

2.~ Dinh nghla 1,.lidlc thanh phan clIa 1{1pcO SC1lrung Wp cliin Xll;}t 16X

2.4 Tfnh Ihim ke trong Wp eltm XU;!t : 16X

2.4.1 SI.CtHong Ihfeh clla ct6i 1lf<.1't1gIhu(JC )(1)1eliln xuh'l VIii lt6i tu<.Ji1gIhu(JCl<'1pC<1S(1 ; 16X

2.4.2 TUI1't1gthleh giii'a con tri'l hip elilnXU;!tviI con lrel ltip cO S<'1 170

2.4.~ THong thleh giii'a tham chicH 1(1J)dtm XlI[ltvil'tham'chieu 1(1J)cl1 si't.. 172

2.5 Hillll thief l,~ptrong Wp elilnxu;ll L 174

2.5.1 Ham Ihiel 1(lplrung hip : , : 174

25.2 Phfll1 dp 1i'1ig<.li """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""," , 176

2.S.~ Ham thief l:lp sao chcp L 177

-342-

M (/C' /1/{'

2.6 GIe.kiiSu Jim xufll kh,lc nhau. ' IXI

3.

2.6.1 Diln xufll public IX2

2.6.2 Diln xufll private IX2

2.6.3 Dim xu;}1protected IX2

R~lI1gIdng kel cae kiiSuJim ..xufll IX2Hiun ilo vii Ifnh da hlnh IX3

3.\

3.2

D(II vfln d6 """"""""""""""""""""'."""""""'."""""'" IX3

TC)ngqual v6 hilm .io 11)0

3.2.1 Ph..un vi ella khai haD virtuaL 11)0

3.2.2 KhCH1gnhfilihiclph.ii d,nh nghia h.lihiun virtual 11)4

3.2.3 l:)!nb nghia ehClnghiun .io 11)7

3.2.4 Khai haD hiun iio 1'1m(>11{1phfll ky lrung s!1dCIIhlra ke 11)7

3.2.) Himl huy hI'>i'\(> ' , 20 I

3.3 U1p Irlru Ilf<:mgva hilm iio Ihufin IllY 204

4. Da Ihlra ke """"""""""""""""""""""'.""""""""'" 2())

4.1

4.2

D(II vfln de 2( »

LC1pc<1si'1ilo 210

Hiun Ihiel \:)p vii huy hi'>- v{1i \(1p :io ) 2134.3

4.4 Danh s,lch m6e ncii cae l1cii1w,1I1g 211)

XflY ch.rng 1{1pInnl IW.1I1g , 211)

T..lo Janh s,lch m6e ncii khCmg dCing nhfll , 227T61n Itll 231

Ghi nh{1 231

Cae I(>iIhlri'mg g~p 232

M()I SCIIh<lilJuen I:)p Irlnh IciL 232

Rilil(lp 232

Cillfo'11K6. Khllim hinh

I. KhuCmhlnh hiun 233

1.1

1.2

KhuC>nhlrlh hiun Iii gl'! 233

T:.lom()1khuCm hlnh hiun : 233

-3-.13-

4.)

5.

).1

).2

).3

6.

Mui' lui'

u Sl'rdulIg khu(m hlllh hi\l11 2~4

I.~.l Khu(m hlnh hilm eho kicu dCrli~u e(1 S('1 2~4

1.~.2 Khu(JII hlnh hill11min eho kicu char * 2~~5

I.~.~ Khu(m hlnh hill11min v(1ikicu dlr li~u 1(1p 2~6

1.4 Cae tham s() kicu clla khu(m hlnh hilm 237

1.4.1 Cae Iham s(i kicu trong djnh I1ghia khu(m hlnh hilm 237

1.5 Cii,ii thu,)t S:IIIsinh m(lt hilm thc hi~I1 240

Kh,1i «to cele bien c{Jkicu dlr li~u ehufin 2411.6

17 Cae ban che clw khu(m hlnhhilm ,' 241

Cae tham s() hicu there clla m(lt khu(ln hlnh l~ill11 242LX

1.0 Dinh nghia ehCing cae khu(m hlnh hilm 244

1.10 Cu th0 hoa cae hill111h0 hi~n i 246

1.11 n;ng ket ve ule khu(m hlnh hiun : , 247

2. Khu(m hlnh I(~) , 247

2.1 Khu(m hlnh Wp Iii gl? ""' , 247

T,.lO m(11 khu(m hlnh l<'1p 24X2.2

2..~ SIrdl.lIlgkhu(m hlnh I<'~L , 240

Vi dl.1slr d~lIlgkhu(m hlnh I(~) 2502.4

2.5 Cae tham sritrong khu(m hlnh 1(1p ' 251

2.5.1 S() lu(.1ng cae tham s() kicu trong m(lt khu(m hlnh 1<'1p 251

2.5.2 S,in sinh m(lt 1(1pth~ hi~n 251

2.6 Cae tham sri hicu there trong khu(m hlnh 1(1p 252

2.7 n;ng quat ve khu(m hlnh Wp 254

2.X 0.1 thc hoa khu(m hinh 1(1p 255

2.0 Sl.rgi()ng nhau clla cae 1(1pthc hi~n 257

2.10 Cae 1(1pthc hi~n vii cae khai h,IOh,.111h\:: 25X

2.10.1

2.10.2

Khai h;IO cae 1(1pban ho,:le cae hill11h,.111th(mg thU('1l1g., 25X

Khai hao h,.111h\::clla m(Jt Ih~ hi~n clla khu(J(1 hll1l1 hilm, khu(J(1hlnh 1(1p 25X

Khai hao h'.I11h\:: clw khuCm hlnh hill11, khuCm hlnh 1(lp 2502.I(U

2.11 Vi du ve 1(1ph,\ng e6 hai chi sri 259

-344-

Mu(' 11,1('

'.

4.T(n11 I{II. Ghi IIhl1 2h.1,

Ri,i trip """"""""00""""""""""""'" 2().1,

Phil fllc J. Citc kcnh xmtl nh.ip

I. Gi(1i Ihi011 ehllll1,!- 2h5

Khai lIi0m v6 kcllh 2h5

Thlt vi011 cae 1(1p vito 1"<1 265

L(1p oslre;lI11 2()6

Villh l11,!-hiaeh(JII1,!-loall Il'r« tront'- 1("lposlream 2hh

HilI11 pUI 2()6

HilI11 wrile 267

2.4 Kh:llI{m1,!-dinh d,.Lng : : 267

2.4.1 Chl.)[l el1 s() Ih0 hi0n 2h7

2.4.2 V,:II 11()n)lIg 2()~

L(lp islrean1 27()

Vjnh nghia eh()n1,!-lo,tllllI' '»" lrung 1(1pistream 270

Hin11 Ihimh ph:in 1,!-el 271

eie hilm Ihimhph:illgetline va gcount 272

Hi,m Ihill1hph:in read 272

M()I s() hilm khae 27.1,

Tran1,!-thai liji clW kcnh IIh<:'p 271,

Cac Cl'fI()i 27.1,

eie Ihao lac Ircn cac hit h\i 274

4.2.1 Vl.)egia Iri 274

4.2.2 Thay 11(Ji11"<.1I11,!-Ihai I()i 274

4..1, V!nh n1,!-hla cac loanlL'I' () vii! 00 00 """""""""'" 274

5. Qu;'lI1ly d!nh d,.mg "00"""""""""""""""""""" 275

5.1 Tr,.lI1g Ihai dinh dan1,!-clla ml)1 lh'mt'- ; 275

TlI' Ir,.lI1gthai d!nh dan1,!-"00"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""'00"""" 27h5.2

5.1, Thao lac Ircnlrang Ih;ti dinh dant'- ""00""""""""""""""""""""""""" 277

5.1,.1 CiL- toanlL'r Ihao I;Il' dinh dant'- kh()[lt'- Iham s(i (TTVDKTS) ..., 27~

5._~.2 Cac lo;tn Ill' dinh d,.II1t'-Cl")Iham s() (TTVDCTS) h 27X

-345-

1.1

1.2

2.

2.1

2.2

2.3

3.

3.1

3.2

3..1,

3.4

3.5

4.

4.1

4.2

:'v/ue lue

6.

5.3.3 Cae h~lIl1Ih~lI1hph[in 271)

Licn kcl kcnh xufll/nh(lp v<'1im(11 I;)p tin 2XO

6.1

6.2

Licn kcl xu[11v(1i m<)1I:)p lil1 2XO

Licn kcl kcnh nh;)p v(1i m(11 1(lp liB 2X2

Ole kh,i n,lng Iruy nh[lp In.fe lic'p """""""""""""""""""""""""""'" 2X36.3

6.4 Cae ehc <1(111H'11:1ptin kh:1e nhau 2X6

rllllillc 2. Xir Iy li,i

I. R:IY V~Ihfll It)i 2X7

2. Ho,.11<1(lI1gclla ehlfo'ng Irlnh khi m(11 Itli pilat sinh 21)()

l' I'

I". I " I 1

. . Xv Y O( tron~ <1pvn~ ll!n~ 29.

rllllillc 3. fiiti Im.n quan h~ gia dinh 297

1'11II/~lc4. Ma n!!;uilnb~liIm.n (Iuan he gia dinh ..: .~1~

Phil fllc 5. l\1i\u Ihic'l kc de Wp dui Imrng. "" ."

329

Tili lieu Iham kh:'lo """"""""""""""""""""""""'"337

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,rNt

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