multifunctional fibers: engineering approach to biology · 2018. 10. 2. · multifunctional fibers:...

Multifunctional fibers: engineering approach to biology

Yuanyuan Guo, PhD, Frontier Research Institute of Interdisciplinary sciences

連携型博士研究人材総合育成システムシンポジウム2018年10月4日 11:20 am -11:30 am

Photo courtesy: Advanced Functional Fabrics of America (AFFOA)

https://relinquishment.org/2015/12/15/with-the-new-essa-were-still-plugged-into-the-matrix/

http://www.theastronauts.com/2013/04/why-the-next-generation-will-change-games-forever/

https://dynistymusic.com/news/2013/8/2/download-directly-into-your-brain-matrix-style

October 4, 11:20 am -11:30 am 連携型博士研究人材総合育成システムシンポジウム

The Matrix, 1999. --- Brain-machine interface

electrical interface

Oh I know Kungfu!!!

Be like Neo and learn new skills!

Character: Neo

How’s it today in reality?

1

Brain-machine interface today

Deep brain stimulation

Metal electrode

Medtronics Inc.Neuroprosthetic devices

Silicon-based probes

Huge tissue response Limited to electrical activity

Main Problems:Multiple signaling mechanisms

Chemical signals…

BrainGate


2J. Neurosci. Methods 203, 96–105 (2012)

Utah array

http://www.liveinthenow.com/article/vital-brain-nutrient-youve-never-heard


heat

an

d p

ull

Φ’: 35 cm

Φ’’: 2 cm

heat

pu

ll

thermal drawing process

Y. Guo* et al., ACS Nano 2017.

S. Park, Y. Guo et al., Nature Neuroscience 2017.

Flexible and multifunctional fiber probes:Inspired by Japanese candy (金太郎飴)

Integrated functions:

electrical

optical

chemical

electrode opticalbundle

microfluidic channel

3

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/金太郎飴


heat

an

d p

ull

Φ’: 35 cm

Φ’’: 2 cm pu

ll






electrical

optical

chemical



Multi-material and multi-structure

fabrication process

Large preform

Flexible fibers

Photo courtesy MIT News

3



heat

an

d p

ull

Φ’: 35 cm

Φ’’: 2 cm

heat

pu

ll






electrical

optical

chemical



optical and electrical interface

Maybe we can teach him Kungfu!

3


100 μm

Y. Guo* et al., ACS Nano 2017

Y. Guo* et al., submitted

optical stimulation

neuronal response

S. Park, Y. Guo et al., Nat.

Neurosci., 2017

L. Yu, H. Xuan, Y. Guo et al.,

Opt. Mater. Express, 2017

Y. Guo*, Submitted

100 μm

100 μm

Can we probe brain using fibers?

7Cover Art


Neural oscillations (theta, gamma) across brain regions underlie anxieties.

Recent findings indicate that mood disorders are associated with abnormalities in

the brain's cellular composition, especially in glial cells.

Statistics of affected populations worldwide:

• 12% in a given year

• 5-30% at some point in our lives

World Psychiatry. 2007 Oct; 6(3): 168–176.


Pathological anxieties

Gamma wave (30-120 Hz)

Theta wave (4-12 Hz)

neuron

glia

Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2014 Nov-Dec; 22(6): 334–337.5

https://irinnicounselling.com/blog-for-anxiety-and-worry-panic-attacks/ https://www.raisingofamerica.org/amygdala-prefrontal-cortex-connection-crucial

transgenic mouse model

glial

activities

local neural

response

anxiety

behavior

neural circuit

response

optical

manipulation

Channelrhodopsin-2(ChR2)


Light sensitive protein

Approach: combination of biological resource and technology

glia

H+ H+H+

Multifunctional fibers:

• Electrode

• Optical waveguide bundle

• Microfluidic channels

amygdala

prefrontal

cortex

6

Optogenetics: using light to control glial activities

Y. Guo and K. Matsui, unpublished data


Results: ChR2 activation in amygdala glia produces anxiogenic effect.

Theta wave (4-12 Hz) amygdala

prefrontal cortex

• Increased amplitude

• Synchronization of two

regions

resting state

to

compulsive grooming

Analysis of local field potential:

Behavioral analysis

7


Archaerhodopsin T (ArchT)


Can we reduce anxiety?

glia

H+H+H+

opposite function as ChR2

1s200 µ

V

amygdala

prefrontal cortex

ArchT activation

1s200 µ

V

Pre

• decreased amplitude

• desynchronization

Working hypothesis:

ArchT activation in glia in amygdala could produce anxiolytic effect.

theta wave (4-12 Hz)

Post

8

ArchT subjectControl subject (No ArchT expression)


Behavioral evaluation: preliminary data from foot shock paradigm

exploring phaseaversive stimuli: electrical shock

ArchT activationstress evaluation


Duration: 6 min

fiber behaviormonitoring

freezing

behavior:

trajectory

after foot shock:

ArchT activation in glia in amygdala could suppress the acute stress.9

innovations in fiber resolving biological questions

fiber

electrode

microfluidic

channel

optics

biosensing

pressure

sensor

mechanical

actuator

depth-dependent

functionality*

microdialysis

porous

structure

smart

fabrics

*Y. Guo et al, Provisional US Patent

Imaging

rodent

nonhuman

primates

P. Janak and K. Tye, Nature 517(7534), 284-292, 2015

メンター: 虫明元先生

human

tran

slat

ion


technology biologyneeds-driven

tech-push

Summary and outlook: the interplay of technology and biology

10

fiber

electrode

microfluidic

channel

optics

biosensing

pressure

sensor

mechanical

actuator

depth-dependent

functionality*

microdialysis

porous

structure

smart

fabrics

Imagingenergy

expenditure

energy

intake

innovations in fiber resolving biological questions

energy homeostasis


Summary and outlook: the interplay of technology and biology

P. Janak and K. Tye, Nature 517(7534), 284-292, 2015

technology biologyneeds-driven

tech-push

*Y. Guo et al, Provisional US Patent 10

Acknowledgement: collaborators and funding

Professor Polina Anikeeva

MIT advisor

Material science and engineering

Professor Yoel FinkMaterial science and engineering

Professor Xiaoting Jia

Virginia Tech advisor

Electrical and computer engineering

Professor Harald SontheimerGlial biology and neuroscience

Prof. Michael J. Schöning

Prof. Torsten WagnerTU advisorBiochemical sensors

Professor Tong RongChemical engineering

Professor Blake Johnson Mechanical engineering Semiconductor-based

bio-sensing

Professor Anbo Wang Center for Photonics Technology

西丸広史先生システム情動科学

虫明元先生メンター生体システム生理学分野

松井広先生超回路脳機能分野

吉信達夫先生博士指導教員バイオセンシング医工学分野

高田則雄先生

情動の制御と治療学研究寄附講座

戸田知得先生生理系部門薬理学分野

中村和弘先生統合生理学

11

12

Thank you for your attention!

multifunctional fibers: engineering approach to biology · 2018. 10. 2. · multifunctional fibers:...

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