mundo minero 301. agosto- setiembre 2013

8/15/2019 Mundo Minero 301. Agosto- Setiembre 2013

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LÜH ]]]BBB G¾ 19< Jbcl, <6 kf Qftbfcerf kfj 59<1 @ugklkhr> Juablgh A. Kfjbht Yrfabh> Q/. <6.99

A H U [ F Q Ã L

Bgo. Lerlmlc Amlmulg.

Lrfqubpl lerf kf plr fg plr sus pufrtls plrl rfabebr l cbjfs kf vbsbtlgtfs prhafkfgtfs kf kbvfrsls rfobhgfs kfj Yfrþ y fj cugkh, qubfgfs yl ltb-ehrrlg mhtfjfs, mhspfklnfs y rfstlurlgtfs kf jl abuklk, ahg chtbvh kfYfrucbg 59<1.

Gh mly, prìatbalcfgtf, ugl shjl ljcl fg jl uref lrfqubpfül quf fstâbgkb`frfgtf lgtf fj kfslrrhjjh kf fstf orlg fvfgth cbgfrh, pufs fs kf ah-ghabcbfgth pþejbah fj fghrcf efgf`babh quf rfphrtl, ahg alkl fkbabñg, l jlfahghcãl jhalj.

Qfoþg fj Bgstbtuth kf Bgofgbfrhs kf Cbgls kfj Yfrþ (BBCY), Yfrucbg59<1 rfphrtlrì l jl Abuklk Ejlgal ug efgf`babh fahgñcbah kf gh cfghskf Q/. 51; cbjjhgfs kurlgtf jhs abgah kãls quf kurlrì jl `bfstl cbgfrl.

Fj BBCY fstbcl quf, kfebkh lj alrbüh y rfspfth quf jl abuklklgãl kf Lrfqubpl prh`fsl l jl cbgfrãl, jl prñxbcl fkbabñg kf Yfrucbg sf rfljbzlrì tlcebâg l jl vfrl kfj Cbstb.

Yhr jh prhgth, jhs lrfqubpfühs mlg kfpufsth sus prhtfstls fg ahgtrlkfj ‚rfahrtf kfj alghg– mlstl quf fj clogh fvfgth abfrrf sus pufrtls, phrrfspfth l jhs cbjfs kf vbsbtlgtfs quf rfahrrfrìg jl abuklk.

LUF\VBYL UFABEF AHG JHQ EUL^HQ LEBFU[HQ

L CÌQ KF KBF^ CBJ AHGPFGABHGBQ[LQ

Jl cbgfrãl kfj cugkh tbfgf sus hnhs pufsths fgfj Yfrþ y, plrtbaujlrcfgtf, fg Lrfqubpl, pufs yl fs-tìg lquã rfugbkls jls pfrshgljbklkfs cìs bg`juyfg-tfs kf jl bgkustrbl cbgfrh-cftljþrobal bgtfrglabhgljplrl plrtbabplr fg ug gufvh Yfrucbg.

Fj Ahcbtâ Hrolgbzlkhr kfj fvfgth, prfsbkbkh phrfj Bgo. Lerlmlc Amlmulg, ml tfgbkh ugl lrkul tl-rfl ahhrkbglgkh thkhs jhs ahcphgfgtfs kf fstfclogh fvfgth4 y sf pufkf kfabr ahg thtlj sfourbklkquf ml tfgbkh âxbth fg phgfr fg pbf jl fxmbebabñg cb-gfrl cìs bcphgfgtf kf Jltbghlcârbal y, phsbejf-cfgtf, kfj cugkh.

Gh alef kukl quf fstf Yfrucbg sfrì fj cìsorlgkf kf thkhs jhs hrolgbzlkhs l jl `faml, y lsãsf lkvbfrtf lj hesfrvlr jl clogb`bafgabl kf jl fxpjl-glkl y kf jl bg`rlfstruaturl chgtlkls fg AfrrhNujb, fxajusbvlcfgtf plrl tlg orlg halsbñg.

‚Yfrucbg ml arfabkh <<0% fg fxtfgsbñg. Fsth fscuy bcphrtlgtf plrl fj fvfgth, pfrh jh fs cuamhcìs plrl Lrfqubpl, phrquf l plrtbr kfj <0 kf sfp-tbfcerf jl abuklk ahgtlrì, fg Afrrh Nujb, ahg jl sf-

Jl Abuklk Ejlgal lerf gufvlcfgtf sus pufrtls

lj fvfgth cbgfrh cìs orlgkf kf Jltbghlcârbal¡EBFGPFGBKHQ L YFUVCBG 59<1CBGFUHQ KF [HKH FJ CVGKH!

kf cìs fxtfgsl plrl fvfgths fspfabljbzlkhs l gbvfjglabhglj–, bgkbañ Amlmulg.

Fstf sfrì fj fsafglrbh khgkf sf prfsfgtlrìg, kfj<? lj <2 kf sfptbfcerf, jhs prfsbkfgtfs y AFHs kfjhs prbgabpljfs ahgshrabhs cbgfrhs bgtfrglabhgljfs,fcpfzlgkh phr Ubamlrk Lkdfrshg, AFH kf @rffphrt,fj prhkuathr prbvlkh kf aherf cìs orlgkf kfj cug-kh4 Olry Ohjkefro, AFH kf Gfwchgt, hpfrlkhr kfjl cbgl Rlglahaml y fj prhyfath Ahgol4 Hsalr Ohg-zìjfz Uhaml, Yrfsbkfgtf kf Qhutmfrg Yfru Ahppfr4Uhquf Efglvbkfs, Yrfsbkfgtf kf Aãl. kf Cbgls Euf-glvfgturl, phr cfgabhglr ljoughs.

[lcebâg sf ml lgugablkh jl prfsfgabl kfj Yrfsb-kfgtf kf jl Ufpþejbal, Hjjlgtl Mucljl, y kf jhs prbg-abpljfs cbgbstrhs kf su olebgftf> Jubs Cboufj Alstb-jjl (Fahghcãl), Nhrof Cfrbgh (Fgfroãl y Cbgls), Cl-gufj Yujolr-Pbklj (kfj Lcebfgtf), Alrjhs Ylrfkfs([rlgsphrtfs y Ahcugbalabhgfs), fgtrf htrhs.

Gh kuklchs, phr thkh jh lgtfkbamh, quf Yfrucbg59<1 sfrì ugl fxpfrbfgabl bghjvbklejf. Qflg thkhsebfgvfgbkhs l jl Abuklk Ejlgal.



CVGKH CBGFUH fs fkbtlkh phr YVEJBALABHGFQ [FAGBALQ Q.L.A., fgJbcl-Yfrþ, kfskf lerbj kf <2=9

Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj> Alrjhs Kfjbht kfj LrahOfrfgtf kf Lkcbgbstrlabñg> Nhrof Nujbh Kfjbht kfj LrahUfklaabñg> Hclr Ljvlrfz Chrf, Nhrof Lkrblgzâg Yrlth y Yljhcl Kfjbht kfj LrahNf`lturl kf Yuejbabklk> Alrjhs Kfjbht kfj LrahJhoãstbal> Juaãl Oufvlrl [hrrfsQfarftlrbl kf Ufklaabñg> Fjel Ljvlrlkh LrqubgbhKfplrtlcfgth kf Kbstrbeuabñg> Jubs Clgamfoh y Pãathr YltYrf-Yrfgsl> Luousth ̂ fvljjhs ̂ lpltlBcprfsbñg> Ahrphrlabñg Orì`bal Ghafkl Q.L.A.KBUFAABHG> Alrjhs Lrrbftl <11?, Qtl. Efltrbz (Jbcl-Yfrþ), [fjf`lx> (6<-<) ;?<-<=;6

/ ;?<-09<2 Lgfxh <<; - fclbj> ptfagbaItfrrl.ahc.pf

AFU[B@BALKH KF KFYHQB[H JFOLJ G¾ 5999-;=51

YFUBHKBAH "CVGKH CBGFUH" @VGKLKH FG <2=9

Q VCLUBH

; Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Ebfgvfgbkh YFUVCBG1<h Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl

Kurlgtf jhs kãls quf sf kfslrrhjjf fj YFUV-CBG jhs hnhs kfj cugkh sf afrgbrìg sherf gufs-

trh plãs. Jl Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl fs fj lahgtf-abcbfgth kf clyhr trlsafgkfgabl fahgñcbalkfj Yfrþ. L fstf clogh fvfgth ahgaurrfg, ahchsufjf sfr fg ahgtlkhs ahgorfshs cbgfrhs qufsf afjferlg fg fj cugkh, jls cìxbcls luthrbkl-kfs kf jhs ahgshrabhs bgtfrglabhgljfs y kf jhsoruphs jãkfrfs cìs bcphrtlgtfs kf jl bgvfrsbñg,

prhafkfgtfs kf jhs abgah ahgtbgfgtfs.Jl bcphrtlgabl kfj prbcfr fvfgth cbgfrh kfj

Yfrþ pufkf orl`balrsf. Lrfqubpl rfabebrì l ?6cbj fcprfslrbhs y trlelnlkhrfs cbgfrhs prhaf-kfgtfs kf cìs kf ;9 plãsfs, jhs auljfs ofgfrl-rìg ug bcplath fahgñcbah kf 51; cbjjhgfs kfshjfs plrl jl abuklk ejlgal.

Fstl ahgvfgabñg fgaufgtrl lj Yfrþ fg ug ch-cfgth pfaujblr. L pfslr kf shphrtlr ahg jl alãklfg fj prfabh kf jhs cftljfs y fj lucfgth kf jhsahsths fg prhkuaabñg, ml kfchstrlkh `hrtljfzlfahgñcbal, jl aulj jf ml pfrcbtbkh l`rhgtlr fstlkfslafjfrlabñg sbg prhejfcls. Fg f`fath, lgtfjl fsaljlkl kf ljlrcbstls sbg ùgklcfgth qufsfüljlg ugl arbsbs fahgñcbal, surof ugl cfnhrlfg jl aljb`balabñg arfkbtbabl kfj plãs, lsã ahchugl rfaupfrlabñg fg jl kfclgkl kf cbgfrljfs,prhafsh quf rflatbvlrãl jls bgvfrsbhgfs cbgfrls

plrljbzlkls.Fg YFUVCBG 59<1, fj Yfrþ, plãs cbgfrh phr

lgthghclsbl, tfgkrì jl hphrtugbklk kf rfl`br-clrsf ahch fj chthr kfj kfslrrhjjh y arfabcbfg-

th shstfgbkh, rlzñg phr jl aulj fj sfathr fcprf-slrblj, fj Fstlkh y jl shabfklk abvbj kfefg kf

trlelnlr nugths plrl jhorlr fstf henftbvh.

Alkl vfz cìs ofgtf ahghaf y rfahghaf ahchjl cbgfrãl ofgfrl gufvhs pufsths kf trlelnh,`hcfgtl jls ahcprls kf bgsuchs, ebfgfs y sfr-

vbabhs l jl bgkustrbl glabhglj, ofgfrlgkh lsã al-kfgls prhkuatbvls l gbvfj rfobhglj y glabhglj.

Lkfcìs, aulgkh fstìg fg hpfrlabñg jls ugbkl-kfs cbgfrls bgarfcfgtlg jhs gbvfjfs kf prhkua-abñg y fxphrtlabñg kf jhs cbgfrljfs hrbobglgkhugl clyhr rfaluklabñg kf bcpufsths y kbvbslsplrl fj plãs. Fjjh pfrcbtf quf fj Fstlkh kbsphgolkf clyhrfs rfaurshs fahgñcbahs plrl aucpjbr

ahg su rhj suesbkblrbh y kf clgfrl tâagbal vfjfphr jl ahcpftbtbvbklk kfj plãs plrl ahgsfoubrjl jjfolkl kf gufvhs y clyhrfs alpbtljfs quflsfourfg fj bgbabh kf htrh abajh kf bgvfrsbhgfs.

Fj jfcl plrl fstl trboâsbcl prbcfrl fkbabñgfs ‚Cbgfrãl, hphrtugbklk kf bgajusbñg shablj y kfslrrhjjh–, quf rfsucf fj henftbvh prbgabpljkf jl ahgvfgabñg, quf fs ofgfrlr kfslrrhjjh ycfnhrlr jl aljbklk kf vbkl kf cìs pfrulghs l

trlvâs kf jl cbgfrãl. Alef cfgabhglr quf fgjl latuljbklk jls ahcugbklkfs mlg klkh aufgtlkf jl bcphrtlgabl kf jl cbgfrãl y sf cufstrlgcìs lsfqubejfs lj kbìjhoh, jh quf ghs pfrcbtf

tfgfr `f fg ug ùturh khgkf sf kfslrrhjjf uglcfnhr rfjlabñg fgtrf jl cbgfrãl y jl phejlabñg.

Fg Cugkh Cbgfrh, fstlchs `fjbafs y fgtu-sblsclkhs kf lahcplülr l jl ̀ lcbjbl cbgfrl fg

Lrfqubpl, plrtbabplgkh kf fstl ̀ bfstl, quf jjfgl

kf hroujjh gh shjh l gufstrl bgkustrbl, sbgh lgufstrh plãs fg ofgfrlj.

Yìo. 0 Elgahs Afgtrljfs rfljbzlrhgbcphrtlgtf bgarfcfgth kf rf-sfrvls kf hrh fg nujbh.

Yìo. <0 Ohebfrgh kf Alglkì, lcboh yshabh kfj sfathr cbgfrh pfrul-gh. Lgugabhs kf ahhpfrlabñg

trls jl prbcfrl vbsbtl kfj Yrb-cfr Cbgbstrh alglkbfgsf.

Yìos <= Lrfqubpl fxpfrbcfgtlrì arfab-cbfgth bcphrtlgtf fg 59<0

orlabls l bgvfrsbhgfs kfj sfathr cbgfrh. Hpfrlabhgfs cbgf-rls surfüls sfrìg ajlvf plrljhorlr arfabcbfgth fahgñcbahkf 6,0%.

Yìos. 1; Yfrþ sbouf sbfgkh fj prbgabpljkfstbgh kf bgvfrsbhgfs cbgfrlsambgls. Obolgtf lsbìtbah bgvbfr-

tf VQ$ <1,=<2 fg gufstrl cb-gfrãl.

Yìos. 10 Cfgslnf kfj Ylpl @rlgabsah phrjl Nhrglkl kf rf`jfxbñg sherfjl bgkustrbl cbgfrl. Bojfsbl y cb-gfrãl ahgvfrslg sherf ùturhkf bgkustrbl.

Yìo. 0;K Fgtrfvbstl l jl Yrfsbkfgtl kf jlQGCYF, Fvl Lrbls kf Qhjhou-rfg.

Yìo. 0= Yfrþ fg YKLA 5992-59<1> Kfafgbabfgtl l jãkfr. Lrtãaujh kfhpbgbñg kfj Bgo. Cboufj Alrkhzh.

Yìos. ?0 Qhjbabtlchs ug prfsupufsth kfQ/. 0<.6 cbjjhgfs plrl chkfr-gbzlabñg tfaghjñobal. Fgtrfvbs-

tl ahg jl Bgo. Quslgl Pbjal, prf-sbkfgtl kf BGOFCCF[.

Yìos. =0 Yrfabh kfj cftlj khrlkh ml vufjth l suebr y phkrãl jjfolr lVQ$ 5,999 jl hgzl. Lrtãaujh kfhpbgbñg kf @rlgd [wfkkjf, rf-prfsfgtlgtf kf Cbtsub Cftljs.

Yìo. 2= Fj pufejh kf Fspbglr jf fxbof ljFstlkh yl gh mlejlr kfj prhejf-cl sbgh kf jl shjuabñg. Fgtrfvbs-

tl ahg Oubjjfrch Hvbfkh, Lsf-shr kf jl shabfklk abvbj lgtf jlCfsl kf Kbìjhoh kf Fspbglr.

Yìos. 25 Jlgzlcbfgth YFUVCBG 1< Ahg- vfgabñg Cbgfrl. Ahcplrtbchsfj kbsaursh h`bablj quf fxpush fjBgo. Lerlmlc Amlmulg, Yrfsb-kfgtf kf jl Ahcbsbñg Hrolgbzl-khrl.

Yìos. 2; Ufsfül mbstñrbal kf jl ahgvfg-abñg cbgfrl. Ufplsh phr thklsjls pfrshgljbklkfs l jh jlroh kfjl mbsthrbl kfj fvfgth.

Yìos. 20 Fspfablj Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl. YF-UVCBG chstrlrì lj cugkh phrquâ jl cbgfrãl fs jl cfnhr hphr-

tugbklk kf kfslrrhjjh plrl fjYfrþ.

Yìos.<9; Qb shchs ug plãs cbgfrh, jl ofgtf kfef ahghafr y slefr kf cb-gfrãl. Fgtrfvbstl ahg fj mbsthrbl-khr Nulg Jubs Hrrfoh, qubfg ghsrfvfjl kftljjfs kf jl mbsthrbl kfjl bgkustrbl.

Yìos.<<= Ulgdbgo cugkblj kf jls prbgab-pljfs ahcplüãls prhkuathrlskf hrh, pjltl y aherf.

Yìo. <15 Alrlatfrãstbals ofhquãcbals ycftljhoâgfsbs kf jls rhals ão-gfls kfj tbph MMYO. Lrtãaujh tâa-gbah kf jl Krl. Cbrblg Clclgb.

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0 Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Jls ahcprls kf hrh ̀ ãsbahphr plrtf kf jhs Elgahs Afg- trljfs mlg sfoubkh bgarfcfg-

tìgkhsf fg fj þjtbch cfs sf-oþg jhs klths kfj @hgkh Ch-gftlrbh Bgtfrglabhglj (@CB).Fj clyhr ahcprlkhr ml sbkhfj Elgah Afgtrlj kf [urquãlquf ml bgarfcfgtlkh sus rf-sfrvls fg 55,6 thgfjlkls ysbtþl fj thtlj kf rfsfrvls fg;0; thgfjlkls, kfselgalg-kh kf jl ugkâabcl phsbabñgkf clyhrfs rfsfrvls kf hrh

kfj cugkh l jl Bgkbl.

Fj bgtfrâs kf jl luthrbklk

chgftlrbl tural phr fj hrh mlsbkh trlsjlklkh l jhs elgahsahcfrabljfs. Kfskf fj lüh pl-slkh, jhs elgahs ahcfrabl-jfs pufkfg phsffr ugl plrtfkf sus rfsfrvls kf kbvbsl gl-abhglj (jbrl) fg hrh kf bgvfr-sbñg.

Fg sfougkh juolr, fj Elg-ah Afgtrlj kf Uusbl vufjvf l

ahcprlr hrh kfspuâs kf kbfzcfsfs ahgsfautbvhs kf ahc-prls bcphrtlgtfs. Fg fj þjtbch

cfs, jl ahcprl ml sbkh kf0,1 thgfjlkls, fjfvlgkh susrfsfrvls thtljfs l <.995,= thgfjlkls y clgtbfgf su phsb-abñg kf kâabcl rfsfrvl h`babljkf hrh cìs orlgkf kfj cugkh.

Fg tfrafr juolr, fj Elgahkf @rlgabl ml ahcprlkh<.999 hgzls fg fj cfs kf nujbh, ahgtbgulgkh ugl ahs-

tucerf quf bgluourñ mlafughs cfsfs kf ahcprlr fgpfqufüls algtbklkfs. Qf-oþg ug fjfgah vlrblkh kflgljbstls, fj Elgah kf @rlg-abl ahcprl gh plrl ltfsh-rlr hrh fg sus rfsfrvls h`b-abljfs sbgh plrl ahgtbgulrahg jl ̀ lerbalabñg kf chgf-kls kf hrh kf bgvfrsbñg.

[rls @rlgabl, fj rfsth kfahcprlkhrfs cìs bcphrtlgtfs mlg sbkh Chzlceb-quf, Oultfcljl, Dbroubzbs- tìg, Dlzlnbstìg y Lzfrelb- yìg. Yhr fj ahgtrlrbh, fg fjjlkh vfgkfkhr sf sbtþlg jlsbgstbtuabhgfs chgftlrbls kf

Elgahs Afgtrljfs rfljbzlrhg bcphrtlgtfbgarfcfgth kf rfsfrvls kf hrh fg nujbh

[urquãl, Uusbl y @rlgabl ̀ ufrhg jhs clyhrfs ahcprlkhrfs, sfoþg bg`hrcf kfj @CB. Alãkl kfj prfabh kfspfrtñ bgtfrâskf fgtfs fcbshrfs. Fg 59<5, fj mhjkbgo kf rfsfrvls h`babljfs bgarfcfgtñ fg 61;,0 tg, bouljlgkh gbvfjfs kf <20;.

Câxbah, Kbglclral y Algl-kì. Fg fj alsh kf Câxbah,jls rfsfrvls sf sbtþlg fg<51,= thgfjlkls trls qubg-af cfsfs kf vfgtls fg pf-qufüls algtbklkfs.

Jl alãkl kf jhs prfabhskfskf lerbj kfspfrtñ fj bgtf-râs kf jhs bgstbtuths fcbsh-rfs phr bgarfcfgtlr jls rf-sfrvls h`babljfs kf hrh. [lgthfg ̀ hrcl kf jbgohtfs ahchkf chgfkls y cfkljjhgfs,fj mhjkbgo kf rfsfrvls h`babl-jfs kf jhs Elgahs Afgtrljfssf bgarfcfgtñ fg 59<5 fg61;,0 thgfjlkls, bouljlg-kh jhs gbvfjfs kf <20;.

Ufsfrvls cugkbljfs kf hrh sboufg jbkfrlkls phr FF.VV., Ljfclgbl y Qubzl.Kfj cbsch chkh, Ghrtflcârbal sbouf sbfgkh jl rfobñg ahg cìs phrafgtlnf kf cftlj prfabhsh fg fj ojheh. @ufgtf. Brbsm Bgkfpfgkfgt.



Aljfgklrbh Cbgfrh

Jls fcprfsls quf trl-elnlg fg fj sfathr mbkrh-alreurhs plolrhg lj Fstl-kh pfrulgh 221 cbjjhgfskf kñjlrfs phr ahgafpthkf rfoljãls ahrrfsphgkbfgtf lj kfslrrhjjh kf sus latbvbklkfs prhkuatbvls fg fjprbcfr sfcfstrf (fgfrh- nugbh) kfj prfsfgtf lüh.

Lsã jh bg`hrcñ jl Yrfsb-

kfgtl kf jl Qhabfklk Gl-abhglj kf Cbgfrãl, Yftrñ-jfh y Fgfroãl (QGCYF),Fvl Lrbls kf Qhjhourfg, trls prfabslr quf fsl ab-`rl rfprfsfgtl ug arfab-cbfgth kf 5.0 % ahg rfjl-abñg lj prbcfr sfcfstrfkfj lüh 59<5 (VQ$ 20=cbjjhgfs).

Lsbcbsch, clgb`fstñquf fg fj qubgqufgbh 599=- 59<5, jls ahcplüãls pf- trhjfrls plolrhg ?,599 cb-jjhgfs kf kñjlrfs phr rfol-jãls mbkrhalreurã`frls. Qñ-jh fg fj lüh 59<5, jl sucllsafgkbñ l VQ$ <,=2; cb-

jjhgfs.Fstls ab`rls rfvfjlg jl

bcphrtlgabl quf tbfgf pl-rl fj plãs fj kfslrrhjjh yahgtrbeuabñg kfj sfathr mb-krhalreurã`frh, fxprfsñFvl Lrbls, lj sfüljlr quflatuljcfgtf ;< fcprfslspftrhjfrls trlelnlg fg fjplãs.

‚Mly quf ljfgtlr jl bg- vfrsbñg prbvlkl fg jl fx-

R fg fj qubgqufgbh 599= - 59<5 jl sucl

kf VQ$ ?,599 cbjjhgfs

QGCYF> FCYUFQLQ KFJ QFA[HUMBKUHALUEVUHQ YLOLUHG VQ$ 221CBJJHGFQ LJ FQ[LKH YHU UFOLJÃLQ

FG YUBCFU QFCFQ[UF KFJ 59<1pjhrlabñg y fxpjhtlabñg kfmbkrhalreurhs plrl lsf-ourlr jhs rfaurshs fgfr-oâtbahs quf rfqubfrf fjYfrþ plrl su arfabcbfgth shstfgbkh–, l`brcñ jlprfsbkfgtl kf jl QGCYF.

Kf htrh jlkh, kbh l ah-ghafr quf jl prhkuaabñgkf pftrñjfh rfobstrñ uglalãkl kf 0% fg fj prbcfr

sfcfstrf kfj 59<1 lj rf-phrtlrsf 01 cbj elrrbjfsphr kãl fg ahcplrlabñgahg sbcujlr pfrãhkh kfjlüh plslkh (0? cbj elrrb-jfs phr kãl)4 cbfgtrls quffg fj alsh, kf jhs jãqubkhskf ols glturlj sf jhorñug arfabcbfgth kf 12%ahg ugl prhkuaabñg kf<9? cbj elrrbjfs phr kãl`rfgtf l jhs ?? cbj el-rrbjfs kblrbhs kf jhs cf-sfs kf fgfrh l nugbh kfj59<5.

Fg aulgth l jl prhkua-abñg kf ols glturlj -kbnh-quf prfsfgtl ug bgarf-

cfgth kf 6%, pufs sf lj-algzlrhg <,<21 cbjjhgfskf pbfs aþebahs phr kãlahg rfjlabñg l jhs <,<1=cbjjhgfs kf pbfs aþebahsphr kãl quf sf rfphrtñ fgfj pfrãhkh fgfrh - nugbh kfj59<5.

Jl prfsbkfgtl kf jlQGCYF fxprfsñ quf lgtf fsths rfsujtlkhs cbx- ths quf prfsfgtl jl prh-kuaabñg mbkrhalreurã`frl

kfj plãs, fs gfafslrbh quffj latulj ohebfrgh kâ uggufvh bcpujsh lj prhaf-sh kf bgvfrsbhgfs fg fstf sfathr prhkuatbvh, kfs- trlelgkh jls elrrfrlsquf bcpbkfg fj rbtch kf bg- vfrsbñg y clyhrfs trlelnhs kf fxpjhrlabñg y fx-pjhtlabñg kf mbkrhalreu-rhs.

Fvl Lrbls kf Qhjhourfg, Yrfsb- kfgtl kf jl Qhabfklk Glabhglj kf Cbgfrãl, Yftrñjfh y Fgfroãl (QGCYF).

= Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

]PBBB Qfcbglrbh Bgtfrglabhglj kf Ofhjhoãl

Kfj 0 lj = kf ghvbfcerf.- Fj lukbthrbh kf jl QhabfklkOfhjñobal sfrì sfkf ugl gufvl y fspfrlkl vfrsbñg kfj ]PBBBQfcbglrbh Bgtfrglabhglj kf Ofhjhoãl, quf fstf lüh sf tb-

tujl ‚Latuljbklk y pfrspfatbvls fg kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs–.Fj fvfgth fs hrolgbzlkh phr jhs nñvfgfs kf jl prhchabñg59<1-BB kf jl alrrfrl bgofgbfrãl ofhjñobal kf jl VGB. Fxphsb-

thrfs kf jl tljjl kf jhs khathrfs [mbfrry Qfcpfrf, Mucefr- th Ambrb` y Cbrblg Clclgb lsfourlg prfsfgtlabhgfs kf prb-cfr gbvfj. Htrls bcphrtlgtfs ̀ bourls kf jl ofhjhoãl glabhgljquf ahg`brclrhg su lsbstfgabl shg> jhs Co. Nhrof Lahstl,Kfgy Elyhgl, Nhsâ Lraf, Bslla Eurstfbg y Oustlvh Aljvh.Cìs bg`hrcfs. Fsaufjl kf Bgofgbfrãl Ofhjñobal kf jl VGB.[fjâ`hgh> UYA 2=2?96696/ UYC #26<2=5296. Ah-rrfh fjfatrñgbah. Yrhchofhugb59<1.5Ioclbj.ahc

Cftljurobl jltbghlcfrbalgl sf rfþgf fg Ausah

Kfj <0 lj <= kf hatuerf.- Fj htrhrl afgtrh kfj bcpfrbhkfj [lmulgtbgsuyh sfrì fstl vfz fj afgtrh kf jl cftljurobl

kf Lcârbal Jltbgl. Jl Vgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj kf Qlg LgthgbhLelk kfj Ausah (Kfplrtlcfgth Lalkâcbah kf Cftljurobl) y fj Ahgsfnh Kfplrtlcfgtlj kfj Ausah kfj ABY Yfrþ, prfsfgtlg fj ‚P Ahgorfsh Bgtfrglabhglj Jltbghcftljurobl–, fvfgth quf vbfgf hrolgbzìgkhsf alkl khs lühs y ahgstbtuyf ug`hrh bgtfrlatbvh plrl kbsautbr jhs lvlgafs fg jl abfgabl y tfa-ghjhoãl lpjbalkhs l jl cftljurobl. Jl abtl tbfgf ahch henftb-

vh prbgabplj rfugbr l jl cftljurobl jltbghlcfrbalgl, bgtfr-alceblr lvlgafs abfgtã`bahs y ̀ hrtljfafr ugl rfk prh`fsbhgljbgtfrglabhglj. Bg`hrcfs. VGQLLA. Lv. Aujturl s/g. Ylef-jjñg kf Bgo. Cftljþrobal. [fjâ`hgh> 6<-9=;-51512=. Lgfxh<156. Ahjfobh kf Bgofgbfrhs kfj Yfrþ. Vre Jlrlpl OrlgkfL-<, Qlg Nfrñgbch, Ausah. [fj`.> 6< 96;5?10;5. _fe.www.jltbghcftljurobl.ahc. bg`hIjltbghcftljurobl.ahc

Jbcl sfrì sfkf kfj fvfgth bcphrtlgtf kfj lafrh

Kfj <9 lj <5 kf ghvbfcerf.- Jbcl sfrì kf lafrh. Gufs- trl alpbtlj ml sbkh fjfobkl ahch sfkf kfj Ahgorfsh Jltbghl-cfrbalgh kfj Lafrh Yfrþ 59<1. Jls bgstljlabhgfs kfj _fs-

tbg Jbcl Mhtfj & Ahgvfgtbhg Afgtfr ljefrolrìg jl hphrtugb-

klk þgbal kf laafkfr l jls tfgkfgabls y ghvfklkfs rf-abfgtfs kf jl bgkustrbl y lafralrsf l jls cìs prfstbobhslsfcprfsls y sus fnfautbvhs. Afral kf <999 rfprfsfgtlgtfskf cìs kf ;99 fcprfsls kf jl alkfgl kf vljhr kfj lafrhsf mlrìg prfsfgtfs fg fstf fvfgth hrolgbzlkh phr jl Lsh-ablabñg Jltbghlcfrbalgl kfj Lafrh (LJLAFUH). Ljough kfjhs tfcls quf sf lehrklrìg sfrìg> jl fahghcãl ojhelj yfj rhj kf Lcârbal Jltbgl fg fj Q. ]]., jl rfljbklk kf jl bgkus-

trbl kfj lafrh fg Lcârbal Jltbgl y sus prhyfaabhgfs, fjcfralkh ambgh y tfgkfgabls rfabfgtfs fg jl bgkustrbl ojhelj,añch ̀ hrtljfafr fj ahgsuch kfj lafrh fg Lcârbal Jltbgl,fgtrf htrhs. Bg`hrcfs. Cfjbssl Afrbkl, Queofrfgabl kf Qfr- vbabhs kf Clrdftbgo. Ahrrfh fjfatrñgbah> cafrbklIllsl.ahc.pf [fj̀ .> (6<-<) 6<?-<=99, lgfxh 11=<. _fe kfj fvfgth. mttp>//www.ljlafrh.hro/AhgorfshLjlafrh6;/fsplghj.mtcj



<9 Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Aulgkh Mukely Cbgfrljs lkqub-rbñ fj prhyfath auprã`frh Ahgstlgabll Ghrsfchgt Cbgbgo Bga fg 59<< nl-

cìs bclobgñ fgahgtrlr y ahghafrugl aujturl ahcpjfnl fg thkl fj ìrflkf bg`jufgabl, quf lelralg vlrbhs kbs-

trbths kf jl prhvbgabl ausqufül kfAmucebvbjals.

Jl prhvbgabl fs ugl zhgl bcplatl-kl phr ljths gbvfjfs kf pherfzl fxtrf-cl. Qfoþg ugl fgaufstl kf Bpshs,hrkfglkl phr jl fcprfsl, jl orlgclyhrãl kf phejlkhrfs tbfgf ugl vb-sbñg kfsfspfrlgzlkhrl sherf jhsprbgabpljfs prhejfcls quf jhs lquf-

nlg. Kfj cbsch chkh, fxbstf cuamlkfsbg`hrclabñg. Fstukbhs mbkrhebhjñ-obahs kf jl fcprfsl bgkbalg quf mlycuaml prfsfgabl kf loul ljrfkfkhrkfj prhyfath4 sbg fcelroh, fj loulfs ug ̀ lathr prhejfcìtbah, fj aulj fskfclgklkh ahch fsalsh phr plrtfkf jhs phejlkhrfs.

Gbgh Ahppfrh, Kbrfathr kf Lsug- ths Ahrphrltbvhs y Ufsphgslebjbklk

Qhablj kf Mukely, bgkbal quf jls gf-afsbklkfs kf jls ahcugbklkfs shgsbgafrls, rfljfs y cuamls vfafs ch-

kfstls. ‚Qbg fcelroh, jhs bgtfrfsfsphjãtbahs kf kbstbgths tbphs kf lofg- tfs sufjfg kbsthrsbhglrjls y jls ahg- vbfrtfg fg fxpfatltbvls lstrhgñcb-als. Fsth phsbebjbtl ug aljkh kf aujtbvhplrl jhs ahg`jbaths. Qb l fsth jf lül-kbchs, jl pfrafpabñg quf jhs lphrtfs cbgfrhs gh jjfolg l ‚amhrrflr–l jls ahcugbklkfs, sf ofgfrl cìsahg`usbñg y clyhr kfsfspfrlabñg.

Fg f`fath, fg lüh y cfkbh kf trl-elnh kf jl fcprfsl ahg jls ahcugb-klkfs mlg ghtlkh cuaml lgsbfklklj chcfgth kf lprhvfamlr jls hphr-

tugbklkfs kf kfslrrhjjh quf prhphr-abhgl fj prhyfath. @rfgtf l fjjh, mlrfsujtlkh ahcpjbalkh fstlejfafr ugchkfjh kf kfslrrhjjh shstfgbejf, lpfslr kf quf sf ml rfaurrbkh lj ahg-sfnh kf htrls fxpfrbfgabls y htrlsfcprfsls.

‚Fj chkfjh tbfgf quf ljalgzlr l

Mukely fxpjbañ chkfjh kf kfslrrhjjh shstfgbejffg zhgls kf bg`jufgabl kf prhyfath Ahgstlgabl

Kurlgtf ljcufrzh ahg`frfgabl hrolgbzlkh fg ahgnugth ahg jl Aìclrl kf Ahcfrabh Alglkì- Yfrþ prfsfgtñ prhpufstlkf trlelnh y sus lvlgafs. Kftljjñ añch `ugabhglg jhs ahcbtâs cujtbsfathrbljfs kf kfslrrhjjh, bgbabltbvl quf eusaltrlelnlr kbrfatlcfgtf ahg jls ahcugbklkfs bcpjfcfgtlgkh prhyfaths y fnfautìgkhjhs.

kbstbgths oruphs y fg kbstbgths gbvf-jfs. L gbvfj shablj l jls ahcugbkl-kfs4 y l gbvfj phjãtbah l qubfgfs tbf-

gfg jl ‚kfsfspfrlabñg– phr ofgfrlrkfslrrhjjh kfskf su pugth kf vbstl.Fg fsf sfgtbkh, mfchs kfslrrhjjl-kh ugl ̀ ufrtf rfjlabñg ahg ljaljkfskf jl zhgl kf bg`jufgabl–, sfüljlAhppfrh.

Lgtf fstf plghrlcl, Mukely kf-abkbñ fstlejfafr quf fj prfsupufsthkf kfslrrhjjh shablj, kf jhs ahgvf-gbhs ̀ brclkhs ahg fj ìrfl kf bg`jufg-abl kbrfatl, sf clgfnlg ahg jls cb-scls ahcugbklkfs, fstlejfabfgkhjh quf fjjhs kfghcbglg ahcbtâs cuj-

tbsfathrbljfs kf kfslrrhjjh. Fstls hr-olgbzlabhgfs loruplrìg kb`frfgtfsoruphs kf bgtfrâs (ajuefs kf cl-krfs, lshablabhgfs kf nñvfgfs, cb-gfrhs lrtfslgljfs, fta).

‚Gufstrhs fstìgklrfs gh ghspfrcbtfg trlgs`frbr kbgfrh kbrfatl-cfgtf l aufgtls kf kbstrbths, h kfahcugbklkfs, sbgh trlelnlr nugths

plrl bcpjfcfgtlr prhyfaths y fnf-autlrjhs. Ahg fj ìrfl kf bg`jufgablkbrfatl, sf ml vfgbkh fnfautlgkhugl sfrbf kf prhyfaths y yl tbfgfgug prfsupufsth prhorlclkh plrlfjjh. Kfj cbsch chkh ahg fj ìrflkf bg`jufgabl bgkbrfatl, quf ljefrol? ahcugbklkfs cìs, ahg jls aul-jfs yl tfgfchs ; ahgvfgbhs ̀ brcl-khs, fg khgkf mfchs phkbkh l`br-clr fstl phjãtbal kf ahcbtâs kfkfslrrhjjh–, sfüljl fj kbrfatbvh.

Qfgtbcbfgth kf lpfrturl

Fj kfslrrhjjh kf fstl prhpufstl

kf kfslrrhjjh sf prfsfgtñ fg fj Lj-cufrzh Ahg`frfgabl ‚Yrhyfath Ahgs-

tlgabl> Ahgstruaabñg y Kfslrrhjjh Qhs- tfgbejf–, quf hrolgbzñ fg ahgnugthahg jl Aìclrl kf Ahcfrabh Algl-kì-Yfrþ fj plslkh <; kf lohsth fgfj Mhtfj _fstbg.

‚Mfchs tfgbkh quf lafptlr qufcuamls vfafs jh quf ghshtrhs fg- tfgkfchs ahch kfslrrhjjh, gh fskfslrrhjjh kfskf fj pugth kf vbstl kf jl ahcugbklk. Gh sf trltlkf bcphgfr prhorlcls plrl abfrtls ìrfls phrquf ugh arff quf fsjh cfnhr, sf trltl kf fsauamlr y

rfsaltlr jh quf fjjhs pbfgslg quffs jh cfnhr. L vfafs prhorlcls qufpufkfg sfr bgsbogb`balgtfs kfskffj pugth kf vbstl prfsupufstlrbh, tbfgfg cuamh cìs lsbkfrh fgjl ofgtf kf jl ahcugbklk–, rf`jfxbhgñ Ahppfrh.

Yhr htrh jlkh, jl fcprfsl ahg`brcñ quf ̀ brcñ ug ahgvfgbh kf ahhpfrlabñg ahg jl ahcugbklk alcpfsgl kf Mulyjjl Mulyjjl, fj aulj fstlrì vbofgtf kurlgtf jl vbkl þtbj kfprhyfath kf aherf y hrh Ahgstlgablfs kfabr, fg ug pjlzh fstbclkh kf<6 lühs.

Yrfsbkbfrhg jl afrfchgbl Nhsâ [ukfjl Amhpbtfl, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl Aìclrl kAhcfrabh Alglkì- Yfrþ4 Gbgh Ahppfrh, Kbrfathr kf Lsugths Ahrphrltbvhs Ufsphgslebjbklk Qhablj kf Mukely4 y Alsmfj Cflomfr, Pbafprfsbkfgtf kf jVgbklk kf Gfohabhs kf Mukely plrl Lcârbal Jltbgl.

Fj prhyfath. Ahgstlg- abl fstì uebalkh fg Amucebvbjals, Ausah4khgkf sf bgbabñ jl ahgs- truaabñg kf jl cbgl fg lohsth kfj 59<5, jl aulj tbfgf ugl vbkl þtbj kf <0 lühs, y jl alplabklk kf jl pjlgtl fs kf =6 cbj thgfjlkls lj kãl. Mlstl fj chcfgth fj lvlgaf kf jl herl fs kf ug ;9%.



Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

<<

uthrbklkfs y phejlkhrfshs alsfrãhs kf Ahgol sfgbfrhg plrl thclr laufr-`rfgtf l jl ahgstlgtf prf-abl kf pfrshgls fxtrlülssus tbfrrls y, lj cbsch

cph, plrl chstrlr su lph-jl bgvfrsbñg kfj Yrhyfathol y jhs efgf b̀abhs quf fs-hkrãl trlfr l sus ahcugb-fs.

prhxbclklcfgtf 599shgls sf ahgafgtrlrhgfj alsfrãh Loul Ejlgal yh sf kbrbobfrhg l jl jlouglhj. Fg fsf juolr, jls luth-kfs pbkbfrhg jl pljlerl ytlrhg l jl phejlabñg kf

hgl l ugbrsf, chstrlr sumlzh l jl vbhjfgabl y lphs-phr fj kbìjhoh y fj kfslrrh-

sã jh rfl`brcñ Mbpñjbthol, tfgbfgtf ohefrglkhrYhrvfgbr-Jl Fgalülkl.y ghs rfugbchs luthrbkl-y ahcugbklkfs kf jhs

alsfrãhs plrl thclr jlsbñg kf kfabrjf gh l jl

fgabl y gh kfnlr quf pfr-ls kf `ufrl vfgolg l

lthrcfgtlrghs y gh kfnlr-ghs pfrabebr jhs efgf`babhskfj prhyfath Ahgol–, lülkbñ.

‚Fj Yrhyfath ml vfgbkhlquã mlaf cuamh tbfcph.¸Kñgkf fstlelg jhs sführfsquf lmhrl sf prfsfgtlg8¸Yhr quâ gh sf fstuvbfrhgfg fshs tbfcphs8 Mhy rfabâgsf vbfgfg l kfabr quf fjjhs tlcebâg shg kufühs. Kbhsghs ml pufsth fg fstf juolr.Mfchs vfgkbkh jh quf ghspfrtfgfaf l ghshtrhs. Ghmfchs vfgkbkh loul, mf-chs vfgkbkh gufstrls prh-pbfklkfs, jh quf ghs ahrrfs-phgkf–, ahcpjfcfgtñ Qf-ougkh Clamual, prfsbkfgtfkf Uhgkls Alcpfsbgls kfLoul Ejlgal.

L su turgh, Ahrgfjbh Ltljlyl,prfsbkfgtf kf Uhgkls Alc-pfsbgls kf Vüboìg Yujujh, bg-kbañ quf fsls pfrshgls qufsf hphgfg lj prhyfath cbgf-rh, shg pfrshgls lnfgls. ‚Ufs-pftlchs sus hpbgbhgfs, pf-rh gh vfgolg l bcphgfrsf yl lcfglzlrghs. Cbfgtrls mlyl trlelnh, kfefchs trlel-

nlr. Mly quf kfabrjf l fsthssführfs gh l jls lcfglzls y gh l jl vbhjfgabl–,ahgajuyñ.

Yhr þjtbch, @fjbpf Yljcl, vbafprfsbkfgtf kf Uhgkls

rhyfath Ahgol rfabef fj rfspljkh kf luthrbklkfskf alsfrãhs kf jl zhgl kf bg`jufgabl

ãkfrfs kf Fj Yhrvfgbr, Loul Ejlgal, Vüboìg Yujujh y \ufgohrrãh Ljth sf clgb`fstlrhg l ̀ lvhr kfjrhyfath cbgfrh. Ufamlzlg jl vbhjfgabl y rfl`brclrhg su latbtuk l ̀ lvhr kfj kbìjhoh y fj kfslrrhjjh.

Fj prhyfath kf Cbgfrl Rlglahaml fstì uebalkh l ?6 dc lj ghrfstf kf jl abuklk kf Alnlclral, fg jhs kbstrbths kf Qhrhamuah y Mulscãg (Afjfgkãg), y fg Jl Fgalülkl (Alnlclral).

Alcpfsbgls kf \ufgohrrãhLjth, ̀ fjbabtñ l jls luthrbklkfsrfugbkls phr fstl alusl nus- tl. ‚Ghshtrhs ghs fgahgtrl-chs ltrhpfjjlkhs phr fsthskbrbofgtfs quf glkl tbfgfg

quf vfr ahg gufstrls ahcu-gbklkfs. Ghshtrhs vlchs llphylrghs y kfabrjfs elstll fsths sführfs. Gh vlchsl pfjflr, qufrfchs kbìjh-oh–, `bgljbzñ.




Vgl bgbabltbvl bgtfjbofg- tf plrl lalelr ahg fj `jl-ofjh kf jl cbgfrãl bjfolj fbg`hrclj sfrãl jl arflabñgkf ug Elgah Cbgfrh ch-kfrgh, sfüljñ fj fx cb-

gbstrh kf Fahghcãl y @b-glgzls, Yfkrh Ylejh Du-azygsdb (YYD). Ufahrkñquf l bgbabhs kf <2=9 kb-aml fgtbklk ̀ ugabhgñ, pf-

rh quf lmhrl sf gfafsbtlugl prhpufstl chkfrgl

y jbkfrlkl phr jhs cbgfrhsprbvlkhs.

Yrhyfatñ quf fstl cf-

kbkl ahcprhcftfrãl ljElgah Cbgfrh l ‚ahcprlr thkl jl prhkuaabñg afrtb-`balkl kf jhs pfqufühscbgfrhs–, y quf fsth hejb-

olrãl l ‚ahhpfrltbvbzlrsf– y l slalr l jhs mlebjbtlkh-rfs hsaurhs, rlrhs, ahgfa-

tlkhs ahg jls krhols y jlscl`bls.

Gh qubsh kfnlr kf kfstlalr fj plpfj kf jhs cf-kbhs kf ahcugbalabñg, qufahg su jlehr fstìg lyu-klgkh l ahghafr fstf ls-

pfath gfoltbvh kf gufstrl rfljbklk. Yhr htrh jl-kh, fvbtñ nuzolr jl prñrrh-ol afkbkl phr fj Fstlkh ljhs cbgfrhs bg`hrcljfs.

‚Cìs ljjì kf jl prñ-rrhol, gh fxbstf gbgouglprhpufstl. Jl bg`hrcljb-klk fg jl cbgfrãl, ahchfg htrhs sfathrfs, vbfgf

YYD lpufstl phr jl arflabñg kf ug Elgah Cbgfrh plrl frrlkbalr jl cbgfrãl bjfoljDuazygsdb prhphgf ahcprlr prhkuaabñg afrtb`balkl l pfqufühs cbgfrhs, jh quf hejbolrãl l ahhpfrltbvbzlrsf.

Yjlgtfñ alpbtljbzlr fj elgah ahg jls rfoljãls cbgfrls mlstl ljalgzlr ugl nfrlrquãl sbcbjlr l Ah`bkf.

kf jl fgohrrhsl eurharlabl ykf bcpufsths kfclsblkhs lj-

ths–. Lorfoñ quf fj tfcl kf jl`hrcljbzlabñg gh fs cuy phpu-jlr, pfrh l`brcñ quf fs ugl tl-rfl pfgkbfgtf.

YYD pjlgtfñ alpbtljbzlr fj elg-ah ahg jls rfoljãls cbgfrls mls-

tl ljalgzlr ugl nfrlrquãl sbcbjlrl Ah`bkf, quf tbfgf ugl ghtl arf-kbtbabl ‚kf jls cfnhrfs–. R fstlbgbabltbvl kfef fstlr lahcplül-kl kf ‚ugl phjbaãl lcebfgtlj–.

‚Gh kboh quf sf arff htrlbgstbtuabñg fstltlj. Qlqufchsugl eufgl jfy y phgolchs fgfj kbrfathrbh l fsths cbgfrhsprbvlkhs quf plolg jls rfol-

jãls–, kbnh fg fj prhorlcl ”Ghaujpfs l jl ghamf‒ kf Alglj G.

Aulgkh âj ̀uf cbgbstrh kf Fgfr-oãl y Cbgls -rfahrkñ-, fxbstãl fjElgah Cbgfrh y ‚lyukñ l jl pf-qufül cbgfrãl l sherfvbvbr jlarbsbs kfj <2=< y <2=1–. Fg fsf

tbfcph -sfoþg YYD-, jl cbgfrãlbg`hrclj alsb gb fxbstãl.

Ahgvhalthrbl

Fj fx algkbklth l jl prfsbkfg-abl Yfkrh Ylejh Duazygsdb hesfr-

vñ jl ̀ ljtl kf bgbabltbvl y kf prh-pufstls fahgñcbals, tlgth kfjOhebfrgh ahch kf jls elgalklskf hphsbabñg, pfsf l quf fstìgplrtbabplgkh fg ug prhafsh kfkbìjhoh kbrbobkh phr fj prfsb-kfgtf kfj Ahgsfnh kf Cbgbstrhs,Nulg Nbcâgfz Clyhr.

‚L vfafs thkls jls prhpufs- tls gh sf pufkfg bcpjfcfgtlrpfrh mly quf tfgfr prhpufs-

tls. Fstì cuy ebfg fj kbìjhohpfrh mly quf tfgfr ahgtfgbkh–,rfvfjñ.

Fj fx algkbklth prfsbkfgabljshjbabtñ lj Fnfautbvh quf sfl ahg-

vhalkh lj kbìjhoh plrl phkfrprfsfgtlr sus prhpbls bgbabltb-

vls fahgñcbals. ‚Qhchs ugplãs kf rlgoh arfkbtbabh L pf-rh ghs phrtlchs ahch ug plãskf rlgoh A–, sfüljñ fg rf`f-

rfgabl l jl aljb`balabñg EEE+quf hetuvh fj Yfrþ arbtbalgkhjl ofstbñg fahgñcbal kfj Ohebfr-gh.

Yfkrh Ylejh Duazygsdb rfahrkñ quf aulgkh`uf cbgbstrh kf Fgfroãl y Cbgls fxbstãl fjElgah Cbgfrh, fj aulj lyukñ l jl pfqufülcbgfrãl l sherfvbvbr jl arbsbs kf <2=< y<2=1.



<; Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1




Fg jhs þjtbchs lühs, Alglkì sfml l`blgzlkh ahch ugh kf jhs sh-abhs fstrltâobahs cìs bcphrtlg-

tfs plrl fj Yfrþ. Jhs mfamhs jhahg`brclg. Latuljcfgtf, gufstrhplãs fs fj sfougkh shabh ahcfrablj

cìs orlgkf kf fsf plãs fg Lcârb-al kfj Qur y Afgtrlj, lsã ahch fj tfrafr kfstbgh rfobhglj plrl jl bg- vfrsbñg kbrfatl alglkbfgsf.

\ubzìs fj sfathr cìs bcphrtlgtf kf bgvfrsbñg ghrtflcfrbalgl fsfj cbgfrh. Gufstrh cfralkh cufs-

trl quf jls ahcplüãls alglkbfg-sfs shg bgvfrsbhgbstls jãkfrfs fgjl fxpjhrlabñg cbgfrl fg fj Yfrþ

y kfstlalg fg jl prhvbsbñg kfprhkuaths y sfrvbabhs kf ljtl aljb-

klk plrl jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl pf-rulgl.

Pbsbtl kfj Yrbcfr Cbgbstrh

Vgl kf jls prufels kf jl fstrf-

aml rfjlabñg fgtrf lcehs plãsfs`uf jl þjtbcl vbsbtl h`bablj kfj YrbcfrCbgbstrh Qtfpmfg Mlrpfr, fg clyhkf fstf lüh. Mlrpfr lgugabñ qufAlglkì lphylrì gufvls bgbabltbvlskf kfslrrhjjh fg gufstrh plãs ahgug lphrtf `bglgabfrh kf cìs kfVQ$ 61 cbjjhgfs kf kñjlrfs. Fstlbgvfrsbñg, tbfgf ahch henftbvh rf-`hrzlr jhs fstukbhs kf bcplath lc-ebfgtlj kfj sfathr fxtrlatbvh fg fjYfrþ, cfnhrlr jl ofstbñg kf rfaur-

shs glturljfs fg vlrbls rfobhgfs y kbvfrsb`balr jls hphrtugbklkfsfahgñcbals fg ìrfls fxtrlatb-

vls.Ufl b̀rclgkh ugl phjãtbal kf ahh-

pfrlabñg quf kltl kfskf 599?, fj

Yrbcfr Cbgbstrh lsfourñ fj lphyhkf Alglkì plrl jls gufvls bgbabltbvls kf kfslrrhjjh fg Yfrþ, jls aul-jfs lyuklrìg lj plãs l efgf`bablrsfkf jl rbqufzl kf sus rfaurshs gl-

turljfs y cfnhrlr jl fkualabñg eì-sbal plrl jhs gbühs.

‚Alglkì fstì ahcprhcftbkhl trlelnlr ahg jhs plãsfs kf jls Lcârbals plrl lphylr fj kfslrrh-jjh l trlvâs kfj arfabcbfgth fah-gñcbah shstfgbejf y jl cfnhrl kfjl fkualabñg–, kbnh fj jãkfr algl-kbfgsf. ‚Jls bgbabltbvls lgugabl-kls mhy lyuklrìg l Yfrþ plrlclxbcbzlr jhs efgf`babhs kf susrfaurshs glturljfs y lsfourlrquf jhs gbühs pfrulghs rfabelgjl fkualabñg quf gfafsbtlg plrl tfgfr âxbth–, `bgljbzñ.

Fs bcphrtlgtf rfaljalr, lsbcbs-

ch, quf fsf plãs mfrclgh `bglg-abl ljblgzls ahg ahcplüãls qufahgtrbeuyfg l cfnhrlr jls ahgkb-abhgfs fahgñcbals kf pfrshgls,`lcbjbls y pfqufüls y cfkblglsfcprfsls fg thkh fj Yfrþ. Mls-

tl fj chcfgth, cìs kf 6;9 kuf-ühs kf pfqufüls y cfkblgls fc-prfsls fg Yburl y 5,999 `lcbjblsfg Jl Jbefrtlk sf mlg efgf`bablkhkf fstf tbph kf prhorlcls.

Ohebfrgh kf Alglkì, lcboh y shabh kfj sfathr cbgfrh pfrulghJl þjtbcl vbsbtl kfj Yrbcfr Cbgbstrh Qtfpmfg Mlrpfr rfl`brcñ jls fstrfamls rfjlabhgfs fgtrf gufstrh plãs y fj kfj ghrtf.Qf lgugabñ lphrtf `bglgabfrh kf cìs kf VQ$ 61 cbjjhgfs kf kñjlrfs, ahg fj henftbvh kf `hrtljfafr fvljulabhgfs kfbcplath lcebfgtlj fg gufstrh sfathr cbgfrh, cfnhrlr jl ofstbñg kf jhs rfaurshs glturljfs l gbvfj rfobhglj, y kbvfrsb`balrjls hphrtugbklkfs fahgñcbals fg jls zhgls kf fxtrlaabñg.

Lphyh kfskf fj O=

Htrh fspljklrlzh y jl ahgshjbkl-abñg l gbvfj bgtfrglabhglj kf jl lyu-kl alglkbfgsf mlabl jhs pfrulghs

sf kfchstrñ fj <5 kf nugbh plsl-kh. Fg fsl halsbñg, kurlgtf ugl vb-sbtl lj Ufbgh Vgbkh, fj Yrbcfr Cbgbs-

trh Mlrpfr bg`hrcñ quf Alglkì tfg-krì ug plpfj kf jbkfrlzoh fg fj O-=,fg ahjlehrlabñg ahg Yfrþ y [lgzl-gbl, plrl lucfgtlr jl trlgsplrfg-abl y rf`hrzlr jl ohefrglebjbklk kfjhs sfathrfs kf pftrñjfh, ols y cb-gfrãl y lyuklr l lsfourlr quf susabuklklghs sf efgf`babfg lj cìxb-

ch sus rfaurshs glturljfs.‚Jl ofstbñg rfsphgslejf y

trlgsplrfgtf kf jhs rfaurshs gl turljfs fs ug bcphrtlgtf chthkf arfabcbfgth fahgñcbah shs

tfgbejf fg jhs plãsfs fg kfslrrhjjh–, bgkbañ. Lorfoñ quf l trlvâskf fstls gufvls lshablabhgfsAlglkì trlelnlrì ahg Yfrþ y [lgzlgbl plrl `hrtljfafr jls mfrrlcbfgtls quf gfafsbtlg plrl ofs

tbhglr f`balzcfgtf sus bgkustrblkf rfaurshs glturljfs, jh quf olrlgtbzl quf sus abuklklghs sf efgf`babfg pjfglcfgtf kf fsths ebfgfs prfabhshs.

@ufgtf. Yfrucbg. Vgh kf jhs plefjjhgfs kf hejbolkl vbsbtl fs fj alglkbfgsf.Ahch yl fs ahstucerf, Alglkì tfgkrì ug juolr prfphgkfrlgtf ahg jl bgstljlabñg kf ug plefjjñg prhpbh. Jl kbsausbñg fg thrgh l jl ofstbñg rfsphgslejf kf rfaurshs, rfsphgslebjbklk shablj ahrphrltbvl f bgajusbñg shablj fg fj Yfrþ, ̀ uf sljuklkl phr fsf plãs, sfoþg jhs hrolgbzlkhrfs kf YFUVCBG.

Vg lphrtf ̀ bglgabfrh kf VQ$ 61 cbjjhgfs lgugabñ fj Yrbcfr Cbgbstrh kf AlglkìQtfpmfg Mlrpfr, kurlgtf jl vbsbtl h`bablj quf mbzh l gufstrh plãs fg clyh plslkh. Fg rfugbñg ahg fj Yrfsbkfgtf Hjjlgtl Mucljl lsfourñ quf eusalrìg ahjlehrlr fg jl cfnhrl kf ofstbñg kf rfaurshs glturljfs.



<= Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Jl zhgl sur kfj plãs y fg fspf-ablj Lrfqubpl prfsfgtlg jls cfnh-rfs pfrspfatbvls fahgñcbals l pf-slr kf quf fj ìcebth bgtfrglabhgljfg`rfgtf prhejfcls y jhs rfaurshskfj alghg pfrulgh fstâg elnlgkh.

Lsã fxpjbañ Nhsâ Alrjhs Qllvf-krl, nf`f kf lgìjbsbs clarhfahgñ-cbah kf Lphyh Ahgsujthrãl, kurlgtf fj Qfcbglrbh kf Qfrvbabh kf Lsf-shrãl Fcprfslrblj (QLF Lrfqubpl),kfslrrhjjlkh fj ; kf sftbfcerf pl-slkh fg fj lukbthrbh kf jl Vgbvfrsb-klk Qlg Ylejh kf fsl abuklk.

Qllvfkrl shstuvh tlcebâg quffg fj 59<0, Lrfqubpl prfsfgtlrìug arfabcbfgth bcphrtlgtf kfebkhl jl fgtrlkl fg prhkuaabñg kf jllcpjblabñg kf Afrrh Pfrkf. Kfstl-añ quf jl cbgfrãl fs ugl kf jlsprbgabpljfs latbvbklkfs fahgñcb-als kf fsl abuklk, phr jh quf sufahghcãl sf vf bcpujslkl phr jlsbgvfrsbhgfs kfj sfathr cbgfrh.

Qb l fjjh sf sucl, lkfcìs, uglfahghcãl cuy kbvfrsb̀ balkl, ug sfathr clgu`laturfrh cuy `ufrtf ylatbvbklkfs kf sfrvbabhs cuy bc-phrtlgtfs, fj plghrlcl sf vufjvfcìs ltrlatbvh thklvãl.

Lsbcbsch, Qllvfkrl cfgabhgñquf fg jhs þjtbchs lühs ml mlebkh

ug alcebh bcphrtlgtf y ̀ lvhrlejffg jl ahcphsbabñg kf jl latbvbklkfahgñcbal. Vg fnfcpjh kf fsth fsquf fj fcpjfh fg cbgfrãl y ahgs- truaabñg ml arfabkh cìs kf <9%fg prhcfkbh fg jhs þjtbchs 6 lühs.

Yfrspfatbvlglabhglj

Jl prbcfrl fkbabñg kfj QLF Lrf-qubpl, fvfgth hrolgbzlkh phr Qf-cbglrbuc, Lphyh Ahgsujthrãl y Yl-aã̀ bah Qfourhs, rfvfjñ ab̀ rls sucl-cfgtf bgtfrfslgtfs kf jh quf ghsfspfrl ahch plãs fg cltfrbl phjã- tbal y fahgñcbal.

Ylrl fj pfrãhkh 59<;-59<0, sffspfrl ug arfabcbfgth plãs kfj

6.0% lgulj, quf sfrì fj cìs ljthkf jl rfobñg, supfrlgkh l plãsfsahch Ambjf, Ahjhcebl y Erlsbj, fgtrf htrhs. Fg aulgth lj arfabcbfgth kf jl bgvfrsbñg prbvlkl, sf prfvâquf âstl sf bgarfcfgtf ;.?% fgfj cbsch pfrãhkh. @bgljcfgtf, fahgsuch tlcebâg clralrì uglcfnhrl kf 6.5% fg jhs prñxbchs1 lühs, l`brcñ Muoh Qlgtl Clrãlkf Lphyh Ahgsujthrãl.

Fg fsl jãgfl, jl bgkustrbl qufbcpujslrì fstf arfabcbfgth sfrìjl cbgfrãl. ‚Orlg plrtf kf fstfarfabcbfgth fahgñcbah kfpfgkf-rì kf jl prhkuaabñg kf aherf, kfjl quf sf fspfrl sf kupjbquf pl-rl fj lüh 59<0. Ylrl fjjh, jls hpf-rlabhgfs cbgfrls quf sf rfljbafg

fg jl rfobñg sur kfj plãs sfrìgajlvfs plrl ljalgzlr jls cftlskf arfabcbfgth cfgabhglkls–,lülkbñ.

Fj Qfrvbabh kf Lsfshrãl Fcprfslrblj (QLF Lrfqubpl) sf kfslrrhjjñ ahg orlg âxbth phr prbcfrl vfz fg jl abuklk ejlgal, ahgtlgkh ahg jl lsbstfgabl kf 199 kf jhs cìs bcphrtlgtfs fnfautbvhs y fcprfslrbhs kf jl rfobñg sur.

Lrfqubpl fxpfrbcfgtlrì arfabcbfgth bcphrtlgtffg 59<0 orlabls l bgvfrsbhgfs kfj sfathr cbgfrhLcpjblabñg kf Afrrh Pfrkf bcpujslrì arfabcbfgthfahgñcbah lrfqubpfüh fxpjbalg fspfabljbstls rfugbkhsfg Fgaufgtrh Fcprfslrblj fg fsl abuklk. Hpfrlabhgfscbgfrls kfj sur kfj plãs sfrìg ajlvfs plrl ljalgzlr tlsls

kf arfabcbfgth fahgñcbah kf 6,0% kf alrl lj 59<0.




Vg jfnlgh <6 kf lohsth kf<2?2, fj Ohebfrgh kfj Ofgfrlj@rlgabsah Chrljfs Efrcukfzlprheñ fj Kfarfth Jfy G¾ 5501<,Jfy Hroìgbal quf kbh vbkl lj Bgs-

tbtuth Ofhjñobah Cbgfrh y Cftljþr-obah (BGOFCCF[), bgstbtuabñg qufkfskf ug bgbabh fstrfamñ jlzhs prh-`ugkhs ahg jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl.

\ubzìs mhy sus ofsthrfs, y fgfspfablj su prbcfr Yrfsbkfgtf,Khg Clrbh Qlclcâ Ehoobh, chs-

trlrãlg ugl orlg shgrbsl lj ahgtfcpjlr fg jh quf sf ml ahgvfrtbkhjl bgstbtuabñg y jhs jhorhs quf mlahgsfoubkh l jh jlroh kf fsthslühs. Orlabls lj lphrtf kf BGOFC-CF[, shchs fj prbcfr plãs kf Jl-

tbghlcârbal fg ahgajubr su AlrtlOfhjñobal Glabhglj, y fj þgbah mls-

tl lmhrl, fg tfgfr bgstljlkh ug sbstfcl kf lkcbgbstrlabñg kf jhs kf-rfamhs cbgfrhs fg tbfcph rflj,

trlgsplrfgtf y kf ljtl prfabsbñg,jh quf ahgstbtuyf ugl olrlgtãl ̀ ug-

BGOFCCF[ aucpjbñ 1; lühs kf jlehr lj sfrvbabh kfj plãsAfjferlabñg sbrvbñ plrl mlafr ugl sfrbf kf bcphrtlgtfs lgugabhs fgtrf jhs quf kfstlalg> bgvfrsbñg kf Q/.<9.? cjjs fg fqubphs4 bgtf-orlabñg kfj altlstrh cbgfrh, urelgh y rurlj4 bg`hrclabñg kf jhs chgths phr Kfrfamh kf Pbofgabl y Yfgljbklk kf 59<5, fgtrf htrhs.

klcfgtlj plrl jl bgvfrsbñg.Ylrl ahgcfchrlr fstl mbsth-

rbl y henftbvhs ljalgzlkhs, fj plsl-kh <6 kf lohsth, fg jl sfkf kfjCbgbstfrbh kf Fgfroãl y Cbgls, jlbgstbtuabñg afjferñ sus 1; lühs ljsfrvbabh kfj plãs, fg afrfchgbl jbkf-rlkl phr su latulj Yrfsbkfgtl jlbgofgbfrl Quslgl Pbjal, y quf ahg-

tñ ahg jl prfsfgabl kf jl Pbafprfsb-kfgtl kf jl Ufpþejbal, Clrbshj Fs-pbghzl4 fj Pbafcbgbstrh kf Cbgls,Oubjjfrch Qmbggh, y kf kfstlalkhsprh`fsbhgljfs y mhcerfs kfj sfathr.

Fg su kbsaursh, lgugabñ ugl bg- vfrsbñg kf <9,? cbjjhgfs kf gufvhs shjfs plrl jl ofgfrlabñg kffqubphs kf þjtbcl lkqubsbabñg plrlsfoubr erbgklgkh ug ñptbch sfrvb-abh kf bg`hrclabñg ofhabfgtã`bal,ofhjñobal y ofhlcebfgtlj. Lsbcbs-ch, ahg`brcñ jl prñxbcl bgtforl-abñg kf jhs altlstrh cbgfrh, rurlj,urelgh fgtrf htrhs, ahg bg`hrcl-abñg fstlgklrbzlkl y ghrcljbzlkl,

vljbhsl plrl jhs pjlgfs kf hrkfgl-cbfgth tfrrbthrblj.

Lorfoñ quf sf ml jhorlkh pl-rìcftrhs kf trlgs`hrclabñg lprh-pblkhs quf pfrcbtbñ rfljbzlr jl

trlgs`hrclabñg kf ahhrkfglklskfj YQLK60 lj _OQ=; kf thkhsjhs kfrfamhs cbgfrhs kfj plãs, he-

tfgbfgkh rfsujtlkhs sltbs`lath-rbhs, sbg l`fatlr jl sfourbklk nurã-kbal, quf sf ahgshjbklrì ahg jlghrcltbvbklk jfolj quf sf bcpujslplrl lprhelr fj prhyfath.

Fg htrh kf sus lgugabhs bcphrtlgtfs, Pbjal bg`hrcñ quf fj BG-OFCCF[ kbstrbeuyñ l jhs ohebfrghsjhaljfs y rfobhgljfs kfj plãs, jhschgths rfaluklkhs phr Kfrfamhkf Pbofgabl y Yfgljbklk kf laufr-kh l Jfy. ‚Fj chgth kbstrbeubkh kfs-kf fj cfs kf nujbh kfj 59<5 l nugbhkfj 59<1 lsabfgkf l ?;»?12,0;2gufvhs shjfs, jhs auljfs shg fg- trfolkhs plrl quf sf bgvbfrtlg fg

prhyfaths kf bg`rlfstruaturl–,clgb`fstñ.

Jlehr kfstlalkl

Kbstbgths bjustrfs vbsbtlgtfs gh tlrklrhg fg rfahghafr jl bcphrtlg-abl kf jl bgstbtuabñg fg su kãl. Fgf`fath, jl Yrbcfrl Pbafprfsbkfgtlkfj Yfrþ y latulj Ahgorfsbstl kfjl Ufpþejbal, Clrbshj FspbghzlAruz, shstuvh quf ‚fg fstf rfah-rrfr mlg lvlgzlkh, sf ghtl jl kb-`frfgabl y arfh quf fstf fs ughkf jhs jhorhs quf sf ljalgzl aulg-kh sf trlelnl ahg vbsbñg y fg fqub-ph4 cuamh cìs aulgkh mly jbkf-rlzoh sf pufkf ljalgzlr henftbvhs.Yhr fsh ̀ fjbabth l jl Bgofgbfrl Qu-slgl Pbjal, phr su lphyh bgahgkb-abhglj l jl bgvfstbolabñg abfgtã̀ bal–.

Yhr su plrtf, fj Pbafcbgbstrhkf Cbgls, Oubjjfrch kfstlañ lj BG-OFCCF[ ahch jl alrtl prfsfgtl-

abñg kfj Yfrþ fg fvfgths bgtfrglabhgljfs, lj hthrolr ahg bg`hrclabñg abfgtã`bal y latuljbzlkl qufpfrcbtf jl thcl lkfaulkl kf kfabsbhgfs plrl jhs bgvfrsbhgbstls.

@bgljcfgtf, fj bgofgbfrh NulgCfgkhzl Clrslgh, fx Yrfsbkfgtfkf jl Bgstbtuabñg y Cbfcerh kfj Ahgsfnh Kbrfatbvh kf BGOFCCF[, rf j̀f

xbhgñ sherf jl bcphrtlgabl plrl fqufmlafr cbgfrh. ‚Gh bclobgh l gbgoþg ofñjhoh, cbgfrh h cftljurobs tl quf gh tfgol ahghabcbfgth kfjl bcphrtlgabl kfj BGOFCCF[ ykfpfgkl kf sus fstukbhs plrl sukfslrrhjjh prh`fsbhglj y fj trlelnhkf jls fcprfsls cbgfrls. Jh ahcprufeh thkhs jhs kãls, ahg fj trlel nh kf cbs ljucghs fg jl VGB y fgjl fcprfsl khgkf cf kfsfcpfüh vbfgkh sherf jls cfsls kf jhs bgofgbfrhs jhs fstukbhs, ehjftbgfs y clpls kf fstl bgstbtuabñg–, `bgljbzñ.

Jl ̀ lcbjbl kf BGOFCCF[, trlelnlkhrfs y ̀ ugabhglrbhs, sf bgtforlrhg y h`rfabfrhg ug lorlklejf añatfj ahg ugl prfsfgtlabñg lrtãstbal l thkhs jhs lsbstfgtfs.

Fjbzleftm Ulchs kf jl Aruz, Qfarftlrbl Ofgfrljkf BGOFCCF[4Oubjjfrch Qmbggh,Pbafcbgbstrh kf Cbgls4Clrbshj Fspbghzl,Yrbcfrl Pbafprfsbkfgtl

kfj Yfrþ4 Bgo.Quslgl Pbjal, Yrfsbkfgtlkfj Ahgsfnh Kbrfatbvh kf BGOFCCF[ y jl Krl. Clrãl Yltbüh.



5; Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

^bgahrf Cftljs Bga, ahcplüãl fxpjhrlkhrl quf jbstlfg jls ehjsls kf Jbcl y Alglkì, lgugabñ quf ml rfabebkh

rfsujtlkhs phsbtbvhs kfj Fstukbh kf Yrf`latbebjbklk (FY@)plrl su prhyfath Laaml, uebalkh l ughs ?9 dbjñcftrhslj sur kf jl abuklk kfj Ausah.

Klvbk [frry, Pbafprfsbkfgtf kf Fxpjhrlabhgfs kf ^bgahrf Cftljs4 Jubs @fjbpf Lrbzcfgkb, Yrfsbkfgtf kf OYB Lssft Clglofcfgt Q.L. y fj Bgo. Nhrof Efglvbkfs Lj`lrh, Yrfsbkfgtf kf b̂gahrf Cftljs, kurlgtf jl prfsfgtlabñg kf jhs rfsujtlkhs.

Yrhyfath tfgkrì ugl shjl bgstljlabñg pbrhcf-tljþrobal, plrl prhafslr fj cltfrblj kf ñxbkhkf zbga y pjhch prhvfgbfgtf kf jhs kfpñsbthsuebalkhs kfgtrh kfj ìrfl kfj prhyfath plrlprhkuabr aljabgl kf zbga-pjhch kf ljtl jfy hahgafgtrlkh kf ñxbkh.

LAAML QF FGALCBGL L AHGPFU[BUQF FGJL YUBCFUL CBGL KF ^BGA KFJ AVQAHYrhyfath kfclgklrì ugl bgvfrsbñg kf VQ$ 1;9 cbjjhgfs plrl jlahgstruaabñg kf ugl cbgl fg fj kbstrbth ausqufüh kf Laaml y uglrf`bgfrãl kf zbga fg fj pufrth kf Bjh.

‚Fstf FY@ rltb`bal jhs orlgkfslvlgafs quf sf fstìg jhorlgkh

plrl ahgvfrtbr fj prhyfath Laamlfg ugl bcphrtlgtf hpfrlabñg prh-kuathrl kf zbga. Fg fstf sfgtbkh,arffchs quf ^bgahrf phsff uglatbvh cuy vljbhsh thkl vfz qufjhs rfsujtlkhs kfj FY@ rfspljklgjl vblebjbklk tâagbal y fahgñcbalkf gufstrh prhyfath–, kfajlrñNhrof Efglvbkfs, AFH y prfsbkfgtf fnfautbvh kf ^bgahrf.

Fg fj prhyfath Laaml, uebalkhafral kf bcphrtlgtfs prhyfathskf aherf ahch Jls Elcels, Ml-qubrl, Ahgstlgabl y [bgtlyl, ^bg-ahrf prhphgf utbjbzlr ugl bgstljl-abñg pbrhcftljþrobal, ahg ug mhr-gh _lfjz, plrl prhafslr fj cltf-rblj kf ñxbkh kf zbga y pjhch y prh-kuabr aljabgl kf zbga-pjhch kf ljtljfy h ahgafgtrlkh kf ñxbkh.

Fj FY@ ahgsbkfrñ khs fsafgl-rbhs ljtfrghs> Fj Alsh Elsf bgvfstb-oñ jl phsbebjbklk kf quf jl ahcpl-üãl prhkuzal jbgohtfs kf zbga kfljtl purfzl y ug ahgafgtrlkh kfsuj`lth kf pjhch. Fj Alsh Aljabglphr htrh jlkh, lgljbzñ jl ljtfrgltbvlkf vfgkfr jl aljabgl kf zbga-pjhchl rf`bgfrãls kf tfrafrhs.

Kf lcehs alshs, fj cìs rfgtl-ejf plrl fj prhyfath fs fj prbcfrh,phr aulgth bcpjbal jl prhkuaabñgkf vljhr lorfolkh l trlvâs kf jlrf`bglabñg kf zbga. Lj f`fath, fj FY@prhphgf jl ahgstruaabñg kf ugl rf-`bgfrãl fg fj pufrth kf Bjh.

Fj ahsth fstbclkh plrl jl bc-pjfcfgtlabñg kfj Alsh Elsf ls-

abfgkf l VQ$ 169 cbjjhgfs, chgth quf sfrì `bglgablkh jufoh kfquf ̂ bgahrf ahgsbol ug shabh ahgalplabklk fahgñcbal plrl kfsl-rrhjjlr fj prhyfath.

Efglvbkfs fxpjbañ quf fstl hp-abñg larfabfgtl fj ltrlatbvh kfjprhyfath.

‚Fsth ghs pfrcbtbrãl ahgtrhjlrcfnhr gufstrh kfstbgh `rfgtf lug prhkuathr kf suj`urhs quf prh-elejfcfgtf tfgkrãl quf vfgkfrsus ahgafgtrlkhs l ljougl ̀ ugkb-abñg-rf`bgfrãl kf prhpbfklk kf

tfrafrhs. Fsth tlcebâg lerbrãl jlphsbebjbklk kf ahgshjbklr h lah-pblr y prhafslr fj ñxbkh kf zbgafxtrlãkh kf htrhs kfpñsbths kfñxbkh kf zbga fg fj Yfrþ y Lcârb-al Jltbgl, jhs auljfs shg cuy pf-qufühs plrl nustb`balr jl ahgs-

truaabñg kf ugl rf`bgfrãl mbkrh-cftljþrobal phr sb shjhs–, lorfoñEfglvbkfs.



Fg jl latbvbklk cbgfrl cugkblj, jl kbsphsbabñgkf jhs rfjlvfs lsã ahch jl cìxbcl rfaupfrlabñgkf loul sf mlg ahgvfrtbkh fg ugl gfafsbklk prbh-rbtlrbl kf shjuabñg tâagbal y fahgñcbal. Ahgsabfgtfkf fstf rfth, @JQcbktm prfsfgtl ugl ljtfrgltbvlghvfkhsl> jl kbsphsbabñg kf rfjlvfs sfahs h `bjtrl-khs.

Fstf câthkh pfrcbtbrì bgahrphrlr l jls hpfrlabh-gfs latuljfs, fg jls fxplgsbhgfs kf pjlgtl y gufvhsprhyfaths, ugl tfaghjhoãl quf pfrcbtbrì hptbcbzlrfj ush kfj rfaursh mãkrbah, `lvhrfabfgkh kf fstlclgfrl jl shstfgbebjbklk kfj gfohabh cbgfrh ahgrfspfath l su fgthrgh.

Orlabls l sus ñptbchs rfsujtlkhs bgkustrbljfsljrfkfkhr kfj cugkh, fstl tfaghjhoãl kf ush rf-abfgtf vbfgf kfspfrtlgkh alkl vfz cìs fj bgtfrâsfg gufstrh plãs.

¸Añch `ugabhgl8

Fj ahgafpth bgbablj fs elstlgtf sfgabjjh. Fg ugprbcfr chcfgth jhs fspfslkhrfs kf ljtl kfgsbklk,kfebkh l su ljturl lkbabhglj, bcprbcfg ugl orlgprfsbñg sherf fj sfkbcfgth quf sf kfsalrol kfj

fqubph, hetfgbfgkh ugl ahgafgtrlabñg kf kfsalrolcuy orlgkf.

Fg htrls pljlerls, fsths fqubphs pfrcbtfg hpf-rlr jl kfsalrol l clyhr kfgsbklk quf jhs htrhssfkbcfgtlkhrfs kf su tbph, jh quf bgabkf kbrfatl-cfgtf fg fj sboubfgtf plsh kfj prhafsh> jl ̀ bjtrlabñg.

Jl `bjtrlabñg sf rfljbzl ahg fqubphs gufvhs kfljtl alplabklk, prhvbsths kf pjlals kf 5 l ; cftrhs kf jlkh. Fsths ̀ bjtrhs shg alplafs kf prhafslrfgtrf <0,999 y 59,99 thgfjlkls phr kãl, prhku-abfgkh dfdfs ahg prfsfgabl kf mucfklk kf fgtrf<1% y <6%. Fs bcphrtlgtf rfaljalr quf fstl mu-cfklk gh gfafsbtl kf abajhs jlrohs kf shpjlkh, jhquf trlf ahch ahgsfaufgabl ug ahgsuch kf fgfr-oãl elnh.

@bgljcfgtf, fj dfdf hetfgbkh fs kfsalrolkh fgug prbcfr chcfgth l ̀ lnls kf trlgsphrtf, y jufoh

l ̀lnls cñvbjfs rlkbljfs plrl su kbsphsbabñg rfspfa- tbvl rfspftlgkh chkfjhs prfkftfrcbglkhs kf lpb-jlkh.

¸Auìjfs shg sus rfsujtlkhs8

Qfoþg aìjaujhs fahgñcbahs prfjbcbglrfs kf@JQcbktm, jl tfaghjhoãl kf rfjlvfs sfahs h ̀ bjtrlkhsfs ahcpftbtbvl phrquf aufgtl ahg ahsths hpfrltbvhs cìs elnhs quf jl kbsphsbabñg kf rfjlvfs pfsl-khs h rfjlvfs fg plstl.

Fgtrf jls clyhrfs vfgtlnls quf h`rfaf sf puf-kfg abtlr>

q Ìrfl kf kbsphsbabñg cìs pfqufül.

q Fjbcbglabñg kf ahsthshs kbqufs kf ahgtfgabñg ysu clgtfgbcbfgth kblrbh.

q Ufaupfrlabñg kf loul cìs rìpbklcfgtf y rf-kuaabñg kf pârkbkls phr fvlphrlabñg.

q Ufmlebjbtlabñg kf jl zhgl fg plrljfjh ahg jl kbs-phsbabñg.

q Fjbcbglabñg kf phsbejfs rhturls kf kbqufs.

q Aucpjbcbfgth kf jhs fstìgklrfs lcebfgtljfscìs rãobkhs. Yhsbebjbtl jl lprhelabñg kf FBL cìsrìpbklcfgtf.

q Câthkh lcbolejf plrl jl lprhelabñg shablj kfug prhyfath cbgfrh.

q Gh fs gfafslrbh rfljbzlr ahsthshs chvbcbfgthskf tbfrrls.

@JQcbktm bcpujsl ghvfkhsl tfaghjhoãlkf kbsphsbabñg kf rfjlvfs sfahs h `bjtrlkhs

www.`jscbktm.ahc q `jscbktmpfruI`jscbktm.ahc




5= Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

L`blgzlgkh su ahcprhcbshahg jl cfnhrl ahgtbgul y fj auc-pjbcbfgth kf jhs cìs ljths fstìg-klrfs bgtfrglabhgljfs, Fgfroh- tfa Q.L.A., fcprfsl pfrulglprhvffkhrl kf prhkuaths kf aljb-klk plrl jl bgkustrbl y jl cbgf-

rãl, lgugabñ quf hetuvh jl afrtb`b-alabñg BQH 299< fg fj ìcebth kf‚Ahcfrabljbzlabñg tâagbal kf fqubphs, mfrrlcbfgtls y ahcphgfgtfs–.

Kf laufrkh l [ÚP Umfbgjlgk,fcprfsl afrtb`balkhrl ljfclgl lalroh kf jl fvljulabñg, Fgfrohtfalprheñ sltbs`lathrblcfgtf y sbgbgahg`hrcbklkfs jl lukbthrãlrfljbzlkl sfoþg bg`hrcf Gh<15;911.

‚Fstl afrtb`balabñg ahgstbtuyf ug plsh bcphrtlgtf plrlgufstrl vbsbñg kf erbgklr lgufstrhs ajbfgtfs y prhvffkhrfsugl hrolgbzlabñg quf jfs erbgkfug sfrvbabh kf vljhr lülkbkh ahgug gbvfj prh`fsbhglj–, bg`hrcl-rhg rfprfsfgtlgtfs h`babljfs kfFgfrohtfa.

Ufvfjlrhg quf kfskf mlaf uglüh sf vbgh trlelnlgkh plrl jh-orlr fj henftbvh. [hkh bgbabñ ahgfj prhafsh kf bcpjfcfgtlabñg kfsu Qbstfcl kf Ofstbñg kf Al-jbklk (QOA), fj aulj ̀ uf bkflkh pl-rl cfnhrlr jl ofstbñg tâagbah-ah-cfrablj y fjfvlr jl aljbklk kf susfrvbabh lj ajbfgtf.

Fj sbstfcl ahgsbstf fg bcpjf-cfgtlr prhafkbcbfgths fsarbths

plrl jls kb`frfgtfs ìrfls hpfrl-

tbvls kf jl fcprfsl, lsã ahch rf-obstrhs kf alkl latbvbklk rfljbzl-kl, kf clgfrl quf jhs rfsujtl-khs kf jl ofstbñg sflg cfkbejfs.Fsth pfrcbtf trlzlr henftbvhs ahg-arfths kf cfnhrl fg alkl ìrfl(phr fnfcpjh jhoãstbal, rfaurshsmuclghs, ahcfrablj), jhs auljfsshg henfth kf sfoubcbfgth phrplrtf kf jl ofrfgabl. Fj rfsujtl-kh ̀ bglj fs ug prhafsh kf cfnhrl

ahgtbgul fg fj tbfcph.

Jl aujturl kf jl cfnhrl ahgtb-gul jf bcpbkf l Fgfrohtfa khr-cbrsf fg sus jlurfjfs. Yhr fjjh,bg`hrcñ quf sf fgaufgtrl lehal-kl fg fxtfgkfr fj sbstfcl QOAl su sfrvbabh kf phst-vfgtl, l ̀ bgkf erbgklr l jhs ajbfgtfs bgkus-

trbljfs y cbgfrhs ugl pjltl`hrclbgtforlj kf sfrvbabh ahg jhs gbvf-jfs kf aljbklk quf fjjhs rfqubf-rfg plrl sus hpfrlabhgfs.

FGFUOH[FA jhorñ afrtb`balabñg BQH 299<Kbstbgabñg fs fj rfsujtlkh kf ug lrkuh prhafsh kf lukbthrãlkfslrrhjjlkh l jh jlroh kf ug lüh y fstuvh l alroh kf [ÚP Umfbgjlgk,ugl kf jls `brcls afrtb`balkhrls cìs rfahghabkls fg fj cugkh.

Kf bzq l kfr. Nujbìg Lgkrâs Efkhyl, Nf`f Ahcfrablj kf [ÚP Umfbgjlgk Yfrþ,y fj Bgo. Nhrof Jbrl, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Fgfrohtfa Q.L.A., chstrlgkh afrtb`balkh kf ofstbñg kf aljbklk.




Ahg fj henftbvh kf ̀ hrtl-jfafr jl bkfgtbklk y pfrtf-gfgabl kf jhs phejlkhrfsahg su tbfrrl f mbsthrbl,Cbgfrl Jl ^lgnl fkbtñ ypuejbañ fj jberh> ‚Gufstrl Bkfgtbklk–, quf pjlscljhs cbths, mbsthrbls y jf-

yfgkls glrrlkls phr gb-ühs, gbüls y lkhjfsafgtfsalnlclrqubghs.

Fstf fs`ufrzh rfahofcìs kf ;9 rfjlths y kb-eunhs kf pfqufühs y nñvf-gfs kf jls abgah jhaljbkl-kfs kf jl zhgl kf bg`jufg-abl kbrfatl kf Cbgfrl Jl^lgnl. R gh shjh fsh. Fs-

tf fs`ufrzh aufgtl ahg jlplrtbabplabñg kf jhs cf-ghrfs, pufs ahgtbfgf kb-eunhs y fsarbths kf puüh

y jftrl quf fsths sf fg-alrolrhg kf rfljbzlr y qufsbrvbfrhg kf bgspbrlabñgplrl jjfvlr lkfjlgtf fstlmfrchsl cufstrl.

Fj vbafprfsbkfgtf kf

Cbths, jfyfgkls f mbsthrbls kf Alnlclral pjlsclkhsfg jberh fkbtlkh phr Cbgfrl Jl ^lgnl

Yuejbalabñg gh muebfsf sbkh phsbejf sbg jl ahjlehrlabñg kf gbühs y nñvfgfs kfj ìrfl kf bg`jufgabl kf jlfcprfsl, qubfgfs ahg fsarbths y kbeunhs kf puüh y jftrl, ahcplrtbfrhg cìs kf ;9 cìobahs rfjlths.

Kfslrrhjjh kf Gfohabhskf Aãl. kf Cbgls Eufgl-

vfgturl, Ulþj EfglvbkfsOlghzl, kfstlañ jl bcphr-

tlgabl kf fstl puejbal-abñg, tlgth plrl jhs phejl-khrfs kf Jl ^lgnl, Ybsbt,Qlg Jhrfgzh Afgtrh Yh-ejlkh, Qlg Jhrfgzh Ljth,Ohrkbjjhs, lsã ahch plrl

thkl Alnlclral y phr su-pufsth, thkhs jhs trlelnl-khrfs kf jl fcprfsl.

‚Cbgfrl Jl ^lgnl prf- tfgkf, cfkblgtf jl fkual-abñg, mlafr arfafr gufstrh fgthrgh plrl quf sflugl bsjl kf prhorfsh y kfslrrhjjh fg Alnlclral y quf sfl chkfjh plrlgufstrh Yfrþ, kf añch jllatbvbklk cbgfrl pufkfofgfrlr kfslrrhjjh shstfgbejf cfkblgtf jl fku-alabñg `haljbzlkl fg jhsgbühs–, sfüljñ EfglvbkfsOlghzl.

Lsbcbsch, lprhvfamñ

jl hphrtugbklk plrl ̀ fjbab- tlr l jhs clfstrhs y l jhsplkrfs kf jhs gbühs y gb-üls quf plrtbabplrhg kffstl lvfgturl, yl quf sbgfj ahcprhcbsh y lphrtfquf erbgklrhg gh sf mu-ebfrl jhorlkh rfljbzlr fjjberh. Lj cbsch tbfcph,kfsfñ quf fstl fxpfrbfg-abl sfl rfpjbalkl fg htrlszhgls kf Alnlclral, kf-

nlgkh kf jlkh jhs kbsaur-shs phjãtbahs bkfhjhobzl-khs, y phgbfgkh phr kfjlg-

tf jl fkualabñg kf gbühs y gbüls kfj Yfrþ.

Yhr su plrtf, Nhrof Ljbl-ol, ahjlehrlkhr kfj ìrflkf Ufjlabhgfs Ahcugbtl-rbls, bcpujshr y fkbthr kf>‚Gufstrl Bkfgtbklk–, sf-

üljñ sfgtbrsf hroujjhsh kfquf jl orlg algtbklk kf mbs

thrbls quf rfahobfrhg l jhjlroh kfj tbfcph quf kurñjl prhkuaabñg kfj jberh, ml

ylg `bgljcfgtf qufklkhpjlsclkls fg fstl herl

[lcebâg plrtbabplrhg kfjl prfsfgtlabñg kfj jberhYfray Quelustf, Kbrfathrlknugth kf AFKUH, y Ljvlrh Mfgzjfr, Kbrfathr kf Fgsfül Yfrþ. Lcehs ahcfg

tlrhg fj trlelnh quf vbfgfg rfljbzlgkh sus bgstb

tuabhgfs y Aãl. kf CbglsEufglvfgturl fg cltfrblkf kfslrrhjjh y `hrtljfabcbfgth kf alplabklkfs ylphyh l jl fkualabñg fgzhgls kf bg`jufgabl cbgfrl.

‚Gufstrl Bkfgtbklk– ahgtñ ahg jl plrtbabplabñg kf fsths pf- qufühs, mlebtlgtfs kf Jl ^lgnl, Ybsbt, Qlg Jhrfgzh Afgtrh Yhejlkh, Qlg Jhrfgzh Ljth, Ohrkbjjhs, zhgls kf bg`jufgabl kf Cbgfrl Jl ^lgnl.

Yrfsfgtlabñg kfj jberh sf kbh fg fj clrah kfj trlkbabhglj ‚Nufvfs Cbgfrh–. Fg bclofg, Ìjvlrh Mfgzjfr, Kbrfathr kf Fgsfül Yfrþ, Ñsalr Cbrlgkl, Ahgsfnh Kbrfatbvh kfj BBCY, Ulþj Efglvbkfs, Pbafprfsbkfgtf kf Aãl. kfCbgls Eufglvfgturl, Nhrof Ljblol, Fkbthr kfj jberh, Yfray Quelustf, Kbrfathr Lknugth kf AFKUH.




Fj afgtrh phejlkh cbgfrhJl Ubgahglkl, uebalkh fg fjkbstrbth kf Lglgfl, prhvbgablkf Qlg Lgthgbh kf Yutbgl, af-jferñ su ]PBB lgbvfrslrbh kffjfvlabñg l altfohrãl ahch

afgtrh phejlkh, fj plslkh 5kf sftbfcerf.

Jh quf lgtfs frl tlg shjhug alcplcfgth fs mhy fg kãlug phpujhsh afgtrh phejlkhpugfüh quf sf fgaufgtrl ueb-alkh fg jls ̀ ljkls kf jhs cl- nfstuhshs gfvlkhs kf jl Ahr-kbjjfrl Hrbfgtlj, l 6,599c.s.g.c.

Qbg fcelroh, fstf lgbvfr-slrbh sf afjferl ahg jhs prh-ejfcls kf alsb sbfcprf> jl ̀ ljtl kf sfrvbabhs eìsbahs (loul y kfsloúf), ugl kf jls prbgab-pljfs prfhauplabhgfs plrl jhsphejlkhrfs quf supfrlg jhscìs kf ;9 cbj mlebtlgtfs.

Lsbcbsch, jl bgsfourbklk, jllaucujlabñg kf rfsbkuhs sñjb-khs y jls louls sfrvbkls sbg trltlr lqufnlg l jhs phejlkh-rfs kf ‚jl abuklk pfrclgfgtfcìs ljtl kfj cugkh–, sfoþg jlGltbhglj Ofhorlpmba Clolzbgf.

L pfslr kf fjjh, jl cugbab-pljbklk kfj afgtrh phejlkh kfJl Ubgahglkl hrolgbzñ ug sbc-pìtbah prhorlcl kf ̀ fstfnhs.

Fj kãl afgtrlj sf vbstbñ kf oljlahg ug kfs`bjf aãvbah fsahjlr,jufoh sf kfslrrhjjñ ugl sf-sbñg shjfcgf y lj ̀ bglj ugl tlr-kf kf rfohabnh y vfrefgl ph-pujlr ahg jl plrtbabplabñg kf

thkhs jhs vfabghs y phejlkhrfs.Jl bgstbtuabñg fkbj tuvh 5

ùgklabhgfs. Jl prbcfrl sfrfljbzñ fj <6 kf kbabfcerf kf<2==, cfkblgtf luthrbzlabñgkf ùgabhglcbfgth phr Ufsh-juabñg Cugbabplj G¹ 99;-CYQ-==, ̀ brclkl phr fj ljaljkf kfQlgkbl, Nulg Cfralkh Qljls.Fs bcphrtlgtf cfgabhglr quffg fsf fgthgafs Lglgfl lþgpfrtfgfaãl l jl prhvbgabl kfQlgkbl.

Kfspuâs kf su fstlejfab-cbfgth, fstl cugbabpljbklk kf- nñ kf ùgabhglr fg <225 ah-ch rfsujtlkh kf jl bgaursbñg tfrrhrbstl4 ùf rfabâg mlstl

kfspuâs kf jl alãkl kfj oruphlrclkh quf sf rforfsñ l jlghrcljbklk.

[rls trfs lühs kf suspfg-sbñg kf ltfgabñg fkbjbabl, ug oru-ph ofsthr fxbobñ jl rfstbtuabñgkfj ùgabhglcbfgth kf fstlfgtb-klk lgtf jl CugbabpljbklkYrh-vbgablj kf Qlg Lgthgbh kfYutbgl, ahgsboubfgkh jl luth-rbzlabñg kf su rfùgklabñg

Afgtrh phejlkh cbgfrh Jl Ubgahglkl afjferl <? lühs kf ̀ ugklabñgVebalkh fg jl rfobñg Nlgal, fs fj phejlkh pfrclgfgtf cìs ljth kfj cugkh. Yhejlabñg sbouf su`rbfgkhprhejfcls kf laafsh l sfrvbabhs eìsbahs.

ahg Ufshjuabñg Cugbabplj G¹

951-20-CYQLY/L, kfj 5 kfsfptbfcerf kf <220.

Hrbofg kfj vhalejhUbgahglkl

Fxbstfg 5 vfrsbhgfs lafralkf jl prhafkfgabl kfj ghcerfkfj juolr. Jl prbcfrl glrrlquf jhs ahgqubstlkhrfs fspl-ühjfs @rlgabsah Ybzlrrh y Kbf-oh kf Ljclorh sf rfplrtbfrhgjl nurbskbaabñg kfj tfrrbthrbh kfj[lmulgtbgsuyh fg khs ohefr-

glabhgfs, fg jh quf tlcebâgsf kfghcbgñ jl alpbtujlabñg kf[hjfkh.

Jl plrtf sur ahrrfsphgkbñl Ljclorh, qubfg kf bgcfkblth sf fcelrañ fg jl eþsquf-kl kf hrh phr thkhs sus rbgah-gfs. Kbaf jl jfyfgkl, quf al-cbglgkh phr jls hrbjjls kf jllatulj jlougl Jl Ubgahglkl,mlerãl alãkh ugh kf jhs rfljbs- tls l fsls louls. Lgtf fjjh,jhs bgkbhs orbtlrhg ‚rbgah gl-klf, rbgah glklf–, rf`brbâgkh-

sf lj suafsh, chtbvlgkh quffsf juolr sfl elutbzlkh ahchUbgahglkl.

Jl sfougkl vfrsbñg bgkbalquf Ubgahglkl vbfgf kf jl fxpfrbfgabl vbvbkl phr ljoughsljclorbstls, qubfgfs jjfolrhgl jl zhgl kf jhs afrrhs Qlg@rlgabsah y Afrrh Juglr kfHrh, pfrh phr jl rfsbstfgablglturlj kfj ojlablr pfrpftuhfg fstf rbgañg gh fgahgtrlrhg glkl, jh quf prhvhañ fghcerf.

L pfslr kf jlskb`baujtlkfs,pufejh quf rfspbrl cbgfrãl jhs 106 kãls kfj lüh afjferñ ahg ug kfs`bjf abvbj y ahg ugllorlklejf vfrefgl.




Jl orlg rfsfrvl kf cltf-rbls prbcls kf Lcârbal Jltb-gl ml kfspfrtlkh ug orlgbgtfrâs kf plrtf kf Ambgl.Fg f`fath, jhs þjtbchs kbfzlühs mlg sbogb`balkh ug bgarf-cfgth fxphgfgablj kf susbgvfrsbhgfs fg fstl rfobñg,jh quf ml vfgbkh l ahgshjbklrsu ahgstlgtf f bcprfsbhglg-

tf arfabcbfgth fahgñcbah.

Qfoþg jl Ahcbsbñg Fahgñ-cbal plrl Lcârbal Jltbgl yfj Alrbef (AFYLJ), Ambgl ml

ahgtrbeubkh ahg fj 5=% kfjarfabcbfgth kfj YBE cugkbljfg jl þjtbcl kâalkl, phsbabh-gìgkhsf ahch jl sfougklfahghcãl cugkblj, kftrìs kfFstlkhs Vgbkhs.

Eusalgkh ahgshjbklr fsfarfabcbfgth, fj obolgtf lsbì-

tbah ml kfstbglkh fs`ufrzhsmlabl fstl rfobñg. Qfoþg fjphrtlj wfe EG Lcârbals, fgfj 5991 jhs chgths kf bgvfr-sbñg ambgl fg Lcârbal Jltb-gl y fj Alrbef suclrhg VQ$<,91= cbjjhgfs4 fg fj 5996,VQ$ 0,;00 cbjjhgfs4 y plrlfj 59<5, yl supfrlelg jhsVQ$ <9,999 cbjjhgfs.

Fg fsl jãgfl, plrtbabpl kf1; orlgkfs prhyfaths fg th-kl jl rfobñg, prbgabpljcfgtffg Yfrþ (khgkf sf uebalg susclyhrfs prhyfaths) y Erl-sbj4 y su prfsfgabl âstl lu-cfgtlgkh alkl vfz cìs fghtrhs plãsfs kf trlkbabñg cb-gfrl, ahch Ambjf y Câxb-ah.

Jl bcphrtlgabl kf gufstrh plãs plrl jhs lsbìtbahs,prbgabpljcfgtf fg cbgfrãl,sf fxprfsl fg ug chgth kfbgvfrsbñg fstbclkh kf VQ$<1,=<2 cbjjhgfs, sfüljñ fjbg`hrcf. Gufstrl h`frtl kf

ylabcbfgths gh fxpjhrlkhsgb ahgafsbhglkhs ml sbkhugl hphrtugbklk plrl bgyfa-

tlr rfaurshs fg fxpjhtlabñgkf cbgfrljfs, ahch fj mbf-rrh y fj aherf, fgtrf jhs qufkfstlalg jhs prhyfaths Clr-ahgl y [hrhchamh, kf Qmhu-olgo Mbfrrh y Ambgljah, rfs-pfatbvlcfgtf.

Fs bcphrtlgtf rfahrklrquf jls prbcfrls bgvfrsbh-gfs ambgls mlabl LcârbalJltbgl `ufrhg fgtrf ohebfr-ghs, y ahg alpbtljfs kf fc-prfsls fstltljfs. Ahg jhsalcebhs fahgñcbahs, fj ch-kfjh ml fvhjuabhglkh mlabl

ugh cìs plrfabkh lj haab-kfgtlj, fstlejfabfgkh gfoh-abhs fgtrf prbvlkhs, y gh Oh-ebfrgh-Ohebfrgh.

Yfrþ sbouf sbfgkh fj prbgabplj kfstbghkf bgvfrsbhgfs cbgfrls ambgls

Obolgtf lsbìtbah bgvbfrtf VQ$ <1,=<2 cbjjhgfs fgprhyfaths cbgfrhs pfrulghs. Clrahgl y [hrhchamh

shg jhs quf cìs kfstlalg fg jl rfobñg.




L[FGABÑG CBGFUHQ

Ljqubjh - Pfgkh Cbgl Yhjbcftìjbal (Lo, Ye, Lu, ̂ g, Au)FBL> Lprhelkh4 AHC 59<1> Lprhelkh4 tbfgf rfshjuabñgplrl ahgstruaabñg pjlgtl ahgafgtrlkhrl. [uvh vfgtls

kf ahgafgtrlkhs.

PFG[LQ KF F\VBYHQ CBGFUHQ

JHAHCH[HULQYLJLQALUUHQ CBGFUHQ_BGAMFQ

VYYFU KUBJJCHJBGH EHJLQ GVFPH 6 ] <9 AHCYJF[HAFJKLQAHCYUFQHULQALUOLKHU @UHG[LJ

Yfkbr bg`hrclabñg Fclbj> ptfagbaItfrrl.pf[fj`.> ;?<-<=;6 / ljqubjh.vfgkhcbglIoclbj.ahc

Afjujlr> 2;=290==2

Yfgslgkh fg jls kbstbgtls fxbofgabls kf suahcplüãl, Fahbj Mfltfr,jãkfr fg fj cfralkh fgfqubphs kf aljf`laabñg,kbstrbeuyf ugl orlg vl-rbfklk kf fqubphs. Al-kl chkfjh kf aljf`la-

abñg Fahbj Mfltfr fstìkbsfülkh fxajusbvlcfgtf plrl utbjbzlr lafbtfqufclkh, y rfutbjbzlrjhkf `hrcl f`babfgtf, sf-ourl y ahg`blejf. [lgthgufstrh kbsfüh lvlgzl-kh kf fqubph kf aljf-`laabñg f bgtfralcebl-khr kf aljhr, lsã ahchug sfrvbabh tâagbah kfprbcfrl aljbklk, ahgvbfrtf l Fahbj Mfltfr fgsu cfnhr fjfaabñg.

Aljbklk fg kbsfüh y aubklkh kfj lcebfgtf olrlgtbzlkhs ahg Fahbj Mfltfr,jãkfr kfj cfralkh pfrulgh fg fqubphs kf aljf`laabñg kf loul y kf lbrf

¸AÑCH @VGABHGL GVFQ[UH F\VBYHKF ALJF@LAABÑG8

Gufstrh sbstfcl kfaljf`laabñg sf ahcph-gf kf trfs sfaabhgfs>fj tlgquf kf ljclafgl-

cbfgth kf pftrñjfh, fjahgnugth kf jl ehcelkf lafbtf y jl ugbklk kfmhrgh.

Fj ahgnugth kf jl ehc-el kf lafbtf rfabef fgfr-oãl fjâatrbal y fs fg-afgkbkh phr fj qufcl-khr kfj mhrgh. Fj lafbtfsf fxtrlf kfj kfpñsbthkf ljclafglcbfgth y,l trlvâs kfj ̀ bjtrh, fjbcb-gl jls bcpurfzls oruf-

sls. Alef cfgabhglrquf su `bjtrh kf lafrhbghxbklejf kf <99 cl-jjls sf pufkf jlvlr fgugl jlvlkhrl kf pbf-zls.

Jl prhphrabñg kfj ̀ ju-

nh kf lafbtf fs ahgstlgtf, kfebkh l prfab-sls rfjlabhgfs kf trlgs-cbsbñg y l jls vfjhabkl-kfs kf ehcefh fstl-ejfabkhs plrl alkl mhr-gh bgkbvbkulj.

Gufstrl ùfrtf y `bl-ejf ehcel kf cfkbabñg,pfrcbtf quf fj mhrghsfl bgstljlkh mlstl uglkbstlgabl kf 19 cftrhskfj tlgquf kf ljclaf-

glcbfgth. [lcebâg pfrcbtf fj ush kf ug tlgqufkf ljclafglcbfgth fx- tfrgh khgkf, fg tfcpfrlturls cìs ̀ rãls, cuamlsehcels kf jl ahcpftfgabl gh pufkfg ùgabh-glr.

Fj ahgkuath kf lafbtf,l jh jlroh kf ugl jãgfl lâ-rfl, ljbcfgtl gufstrh gh- vfkhsh qufclkhr kf lafbtf quf jh tfgfchs pltfg- tlkh, pufs ml sbkh kbsf-ülkh kfskf afrh fspfaã`b-alcfgtf plrl qufclrlafbtfs rfsbkuljfs.

Fstf chkfrgh kbsfühkf qufclkhr aufgtl ahgug ejhquf kf prf-aljfgtl-khr, ug sbstfcl kf fgafg-kbkh y ug alefzlj kf rf- tfgabñg fspfablj, thkh jhaulj ahg`hrcl fj cfnhr

qufclkhr kf jl bgkustrbl.

Jls sljbkls kf lbrf al-jbfgtf l trlvâs kf jls rfnb-jjls kf vfgtbjlabñg tbph pfr-sblgl, aljfgtlrlg kf `hr-cl añchkl su lcebfgtf.

Jhs hrb`babhs kf vfgtbjl-abñg hxbofglg fj fsalpfkfj fqubph kf aljf`laabñgl trlvâs kfj tfamh h kfugl plrfk afralgl. Ah-ch fj aljhr ml sbkh f`fatbvlcfgtf fxtrlãkh lgtfskf jjfolr l fstf pugth, jl tfcpfrlturl kf lpbjlabñg

kf jhs fqubphs fs sbogb`b-altbvlcfgtf cfghr qufjl kf sus ahcpftbkhrfs.L jls 569 mhrls kf ùg-abhglcbfgth fs kf ljrfkf-khr kf 1;1 orlkhs afg- tãorlkhs, cbfgtrls qufjl cfkbkl kf htrhs fqub-phs fs kf ;=5 orlkhs hcìs.

Ghshtrhs mfchs prfvbsth quf fj clgtfgbcbfgth kf rutbgl sfl vfrklkf-rlcfgtf rutbgl. Qus pl-slnfs kf ahceustbñg shgcìs orlgkfs quf jl cl- yhrãl kf htrhs mhrghs yhrbobglg ug tbfcph kf ̀ ug-

abhglcbfgth cìs jlrohfgtrf jls jbcpbfzls kf rutbgl. Fg prhcfkbh, ugh kfgufstrhs mhrghs rfqubfrfjbcpbfzl sñjh alkl ?99 l<,999 mhrls, fg ahcpl-rlabñg ahg alkl 169 mh-rls gfafslrbls plrl cu-amls ugbklkfs kf jl ahc-pftfgabl.

QFUPBABH[ÂAGBAH

Fj sfrvbabh tâagbah kfs-puâs kf jl vfgtl fstì kbs-

phgbejf phr su kbstrbeub-khr Fahbj Mfltfr. Ahg- tlchs ahg ug ahcpjfthsthad kf pbfzls y phkfchsh`rfafr fj sfrvbabh tâagbahquf ustfk rfqubfrf. Lsb-cbsch, kbsphgfchs kfbgstljlabhgfs ahcpjftlsjbkfrlkls phr prh`fsbhgl-jfs fgtrfglkhs. Qb ustfkkfabkf mlafr fj trlelnh,gufstrhs ahjlehrlkhrfsjh lyuklrìg fg su fsùfr-zh, lahchkìgkhsf l jhcìs ahgvfgbfgtf y rfgtl-ejf plrl ustfk.

Mly cuamls rlzhgfs pl-rl phsffr ug fqubph Fahbj

Mfltfr. Pfgtlnls ahch `jfxbebjbklk, ahgstruaabñg sñ-jbkl, tfaghjhoãl bgghvlkh-rl, ljtl f`babfgabl, kurleb-jbklk jfofgklrbl, bgbouljl-ejf sfrvbabh y fj cfnhr rfthrgh fahgñcbah kf su bg- vfrsbñg mlafg kf gufstrlh`frtl ugl hphrtugbklkbgcfnhrlejf.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mundo-minero-301-agosto-setiembre-2013 44/156;; Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

BCYHU[LGABL KF JL FGQFÜLG^L KF JL OFHJHOÃL FG JL QFAVGKLUBLYhr fj Bgo. ofñjhoh Nhrof Kìvbjl Eurol

Fj Yfrþ fs ug plãs bgcfgslcfgtf rbah fg ylabcbfgths cbgfrl-jfs y pftrhjã`frhs quf kfebklcfgtf fstukblkhs y fxpjhtlkhs jfpfrcbtfg hetfgfr cuamls kbvbsls plrl fgrbqufafr fj frlrbh glabh-glj, jh fs tlcebâg rbah fg `ufgtfs kf loul ahg alãkls y sljthsbcprfsbhglgtfs quf ghs pfrcbtfg jl bgstljlabñg kf pjlgtls kffgfroãl fjâatrbal plrl fj kfslrrhjh bgkustrblj.

Qhg slebls jls pljlerls kfj fcbgfgtf abfgtã`bah btljblgh LgthgbhUlbchgkb y ugh kf jhs pfrulgbstls cìs erbjjlgtfs qubfg kbnh>

‚FJ YFUÞ FQ VGCFGKBOH QFG[LKH FG

VG ELGAH KF HUH–

Bgo. ofñjhoh Nhrof Kìvbjl Eurolluthr kfj Kbaabhglrbh Ofhjñobah Ebjbgoúf Fsplühj-Bgojâs y Fjfcfgthskf Ofhjhoãl.

Lmhrl fs fj chcfgth kf fx- trlfr jls rbqufzls cbgfrljfs kfjsuesufjh y arflr bgkustrbls, lkf-

cìs fs gfafslrbh klrjfs ug clyhr vljhr lorfolkh l jhs cbgfrl-jfs fxtrlãkhs y hetfgfr clyhrfsbgorfshs kf kbvbsls plrl fj plãsaulgkh âsths sflg fxphrtlkhs.

Fs gfafslrbh cfnhrlr jl aljb-klk kf vbkl kf thkhs gufstrhsahcpltrbhtls y fs jl cbgfrãl, jlbgkustrbl kf jhs mbkrhalreurhs yjl cfnhr utbjbzlabñg kf jls loulsjh quf ghs klrì cuamhs bgorf-shs fahgñcbahs quf rfkugkl-rìg fg ugl cfnhr vbkl kf jl ph-ejlabñg y klrì clyhrfs rfaur-

shs plrl ug cfnhr chkh kf vbkl y ugl cfnhr prfplrlabñg kfgufstrhs fkualgkhs.

Jl ofhjhoãl fs jl abfgabl el-sf plrl jl uebalabñg y kfslrrhjjhkf jhs ylabcbfgths cbgfrljfs ypftrhjã`frhs.

Jl ofhjhoãl fs jl abfgabl qufuebal jhs sbtbhs prfabshs plrl jlahgstruaabñg kf prfsls plrl fjljclafglcbfgth kf louls qufsfrvbrìg plrl jl brrbolabñg kf tbf-rrls frblzls y ahgvfrtbrjls fg tf-rrfghs þtbjfs plrl jl lorbaujturl,plrl jl ahgstruaabñg kf pjlgtlsmbkrhfjâatrbals ofgfrlkhrls kffgfroãl plrl fj kfslrrhjjh kf jlsbgkustrbls.

Jl ofhjhoãl fs jl abfgabl quffstukbl jhs tfrrfghs lprhpblkhsplrl jl uebalabñg kf abuklkfs yafgtrhs phejlabhgljfs l `bg kfquf ahgtfgolg jhs clyhrfs sbo-ghs kf sfourbklk lgtf jhs rbfs-ohs sãscbahs y ofhkbgìcbahs.

Jl ofhjhoãl fs ugl kf jlsprh`fsbhgfs quf tbfgf clyhr ycfnhr `uturh fg fj Yfrþ. Qbfc-prf mlerì ug gufvh ylabcbfgthfg ug juolr quf htrhs gh jh ahg-sbkfrlrhg ahg eufgls ahgkbabh-

gfs. Qbfcprf mlerì ugl gufvl tâagbal y/h ug gufvh ahgafpthplrl jl kftfrcbglabñg kf ylab-cbfgths fahgñcbalcfgtf rfg-

tlejfs y kf gufvhs cbgfrljfs ycftljfs þtbjfs plrl fj kfslrrhjjhkf jls bgkustrbls.

Yhkfchs cfgabhglr ljou-ghs ylabcbfgths cbgfrljfs kfs-auebfrths þjtbclcfgtf cfkblg-

tf jl rfljbzlabñg kf fstukbhs ofh-jñobahs, tljfs ahch> Rlglahaml,Lrugtlgb, [hqufpljl, Cbambqub-jjly, Cbsqubambjal, fta. y ylab-

cbfgths pftrhjã`frhs y kf olsglturlj, ahch fj ols kf Alcb-sfl.

Fj lprfgkbzlnf kf jhs ahghab-cbfgths eìsbahs kf jl ofhjhoãlgh fs kb`ãabj, sb qubfg sf kfkball jl fgsfülgzl kf fstl abfgablfs ug prh`fsbhglj prfplrlkh fgjls abfgabls kf jl [bfrrl y lkf-cìs jh mlaf ahg cuamh lchrphr jl pltrbl.

Fj Yfrþ fs ug plãs quf vbvfclyhrcfgtf kf jhs bgorfshs kfkbvbsls quf ghs prhphrabhgl jlcbgfrãl y fs jl ofhjhoãl jl abfg-abl quf uebal, fstukbl y kfslrrh-jjl jhs ylabcbfgths cbgfrljfs ypftrhjã`frhs.

Fs phr fstls rlzhgfs quf fjluthr kf fstf lrtãaujh, lphyl-kh phr jl Qhabfklk Ofhjñobal kfjYfrþ, fj Bgstbtuth kf Bgofgbfrhskf Cbgls kfj Yfrþ, fj Alpãtujhkf Ofhjhoãl kfj Ahjfobh kf Bg-ofgbfrhs kfj Yfrþ, jls `laujtl-kfs kf jls kbstbgtls ugbvfrsbkl-kfs khgkf sf bcplrtf jhs ahgh-abcbfgths kf ofhjhoãl, prhph-gf lj Ohebfrgh Yfrulgh quf rf-

thrgf jl fgsfülgzl kf jl ofhjh-oãl fg jhs afgtrhs kf fkualabñgsfaugklrbl kfj plãs, jh cìs

prhgth phsbejf. ¡FQ VGL GFAFQBKLK GLABHGLJ! y phstfrbhrcfgtf sf mlol jh cbsch fg jhsafgtrhs kf fkualabñg prbclrbl

Lkfcìs thkl pfrshgl kfef tfgfr jhs ahghabcbfgths eìsbahs

kf ofhjhoãl, phr jls bgcfgslsphsbebjbklkfs kf cfnhr vbkl qufh`rfaf jl [bfrrl, cfkblgtf susrbqufzls glturljfs y phr jls sfourbklkfs quf sf kfefg lkhp

tlr lgtf jhs rbfsohs ofhkbgìcbahs y sãscbahs.

Fgsfülgkh ofhjhoãl fg sfaugklrbl sf kfspbfrtl fj bgtfrâskf jhs ljucghs plrl sfr ̀ uturhsofñjhohs quf fj Yfrþ jhs gfafsb

tl y lsã fvbtlr jl vfgbkl kf ofñjhohs fxtrlgnfrhs.

L jl [bfrrl sf jf kfghcbgl fj Yjlgftl Lzuj, phrquf jhs lstrhglutls lj cbrlrjl kfskf fj fsplabh jl vfg kf ug ahjhr prfkhcbglgtfcfgtf lzuj. Fsth fs kfebkh l quf jl ltcñs`frl latþl ahch ug ̀ bjtrh lj kfnlr plslr sñjh fj lzuj y gh kfnlr plslr jhs kfcìs ahjhrfs.



;0 Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Fj Yrfsbkfgtf kfj Bgstbtuthkf Bgofgbfrhs kf Cbgls kfjYfrþ, Uñcujh Cuamh ahgsb-kfrñ quf plrl juamlr ahgtrljl cbgfrãl bg`hrclj gh elstl

AUFLU JFRFQ GH ELQ[L YLULFUULKBALU JL CBGFUÃL BJFOLJVrof cfnhr ahcugbalabñg kf efgf`babhs quf trlf jl ̀ hrcljbzlabñg,l`brcñ fj fx vbafcbgbstrh kf Cbgls, Uñcujh Cuamh. Lkvbrtbñ quffstf `jlofjh arfaf y sherf lcfglzl ahg bgvlkbr cbgls jfoljfs.

ahg arflr jfyfs, sbgh quf sfgfafsbtl lkfcìs, ahgtlrahg rfaurshs fahgñcbahs ymuclghs.

‚Jl shjuabñg plrl ahc-

eltbr jl cbgfrãl bg`hrcljgh fstì fg arflr jfyfs, fjOhebfrgh kfef bgbablr uglahcugbalabñg lcpjbl ahgpfklohoãl plrl quf fj cb-gfrh ahcprfgkl jhs ef-gf`babhs kf `hrcljbzlrsf–,lroucfgtñ fg ug fgtrfvbs-

tl rlkblj.

Qherf jhs cbgfrhs bjfol-jfs, kbnh quf lqufjjhs ahg-

trlvbfgfg ̀ rhgtljcfgtf jlsjfyfs y fj fstlkh kf kfrf-amh y su bjfoljbklk fs alu-sl kf fghrcfs pfrnubabhsplrl jl vbkl, jl bgtforbklk,jl sljuk kf jls pfrshgls,fj cfralkh, jl fahghcãl yjl prhpbl bgstbtuabhgljbklk

kfj Fstlkh.Fg fj Yfrþ fxbstfg <99

cbj cbgfrhs bg`hrcljfs y fjprhejfcl quf hrbobgl fstf`fgñcfgh fs jl pherfzl, jlahgtlcbglabñg kfj cfkbhlcebfgtf y fj bgarfcfgthkfj prfabh kf jhs cbgfrljfsl gbvfj bgtfrglabhglj fxpjbañfj fx vbaf cbgbstrh kf cb-gls.

‚Qf ml bgarfcfgtlkh jlcbgfrãl bjfolj y jl cbgfrãlbg`hrclj fg jhs þjtbchslühs, lj orlkh kf quf mhyfg kãl fstlrãlchs lprhxb-clklcfgtf mlejlgkh kfabfg cbj cbgfrhs fg fj

plãs–, bg`hrcñ.Jl cbgfrãl bg`hrclj sf

fstì fxtfgkbfgkh ahch ugaìgafr fg thkh fj plãs ljpugth kf quf fg ljoughsalshs fstì bgvlkbfgkh ljls cbgls ̀ hrcljfs, pugtul-jbzñ.

Cìs kf VQ$ 6 cbjjhgfsbgtfrvfgbkhs

Vgl bgvfstbolabñg pfrbh-kãstbal kf Lcârbal Ghtb-abls push lj kfsauebfrth jlorlg hpfrlabñg kf jlvlkhkf kbgfrh ahg jl quf sf fs-

tlrãl ̀ bglgablgkh jl fxtrla-abñg bjfolj kf hrh fg fj plãs.

Qhjh fg jh quf vl kfj lüh,jl Yhjbaãl Glabhglj kfahcb-sñ cìs kf VQ$ 6 cbjjhgfsfg f`fatbvh fg fj Lfrhpufr-

th Nhrof Amìvfz l vlrbhsplslnfrhs quf tfgãlg ah-ch kfstbgh jl rfobñg Yugh

y quf alcu`jlelg fstl algtbklk kf kbgfrh sbg kfajl-rlr fg sus fqubplnfs.

Vg alsh rfabfgtf fs fjkf Ubalrkh Rlgqub Uheshg(1?), qubfg `uf bgtfrvfgb-kh fj 0 kf sfptbfcerf pl-slkh aulgkh fstlel l pug-

th kf lehrklr ug lvbñg l Nu-jblal. Kurlgtf ugl bgspfa-abñg, jls luthrbklkfs kfs-auerbfrhg quf jjfvlel VQ$

5=9,999 haujths fg ug pf-qufüh ehjsh kfgtrh kf sucljftl y auyh hrbofg gh su-ph fxpjbalr.

Ahgtlcbglabñg, pherfzl, kfjbgaufgabl shg ljoughs kf jhs prhejfcls quf trlfg ahgsboh fsths <99 cbj cbgfrhs bg`hrcljfs, lkvbrtbñ fj Bgo. Cuamh.



;= Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

UHKLQVU AFJFEUÑ 59 LÜHQ LJ QFUPBABHKF JL BGKVQ[UBL YFUVLGL

Fj fgalrolkh kf Lsugths Ahcfr-abljfs kf jl Fcelnlkl kf Ehjbvbl, NhrofClgrbquf, rfvfjñ quf fj plãs ljtbpjìgb-ah fstì bgtfrfslkh fg fxphrtlr cìskf ;9 cbj thgfjlkls kf mbfrrh kf jlscbgl kf Cutþg (prhvbgabl kf QlgtlAruz) lj fxtrlgnfrh l trlvâs kf jhs

pufrths pfrulghs.Fj kbpjhcìtbah sfüljñ quf fstl phjãtb-

al fs lphylkl altfoñrbalcfgtf phrfj prfsbkfgtf kf Ehjbvbl, Fvh Chrljfs,qubfg ml aljb`balkh kf ‚prbhrbklk– jlsljbkl lj Ylaã`bah phr gufstrhs tfrcb-gljfs phrtulrbhs.

‚Kfebkh l jl algtbklk kf thgfjl-kls quf Ehjbvbl, y Erlsbj, gfafsbtlg trlgsphrtlr lj Haâlgh Ylaã`bah, jhspufrths kf Cltlrlgb f Bjh sf ahgshjb-klg ahch jhs cìs ltrlatbvhs–, fxpjb-añ. Fsth fstì fg jãgfl ahg jls prftfg-sbhgfs kf prhkuaabñg kf mbfrrh ehjbvbl-gh, quf ljalgzlrãl jls 599 cbj thgf-jlkls fg jhs prñxbchs hamh lühs, jh qufhejbol l trlelnlr fg prhyfaths ebglabh-gljfs.

Fg f`fath, latuljcfgtf fstìg leh-alkhs fg khs prhyfaths vbljfs plrlugbr lcels glabhgfs. Fj prbcfrh fs fjAhrrfkhr Ebhafìgbah Afgtrlj, quf eus-al bgstljlr ug sbstfcl ̀ frrhvblrbh qufugl Ehjbvbl y Yfrþ, lkfcìs kf Erlsbj.‚Fj ahrrfkhr ̀ frrhvblrbh fs ugh kf jhsprhyfaths ̀ ugklcfgtljfs kfj Ohebfr-

gh kf Ehjbvbl. Rl sf tbfgf lprhelkh fj`bglgablcbfgth y prhgth sf fnfautlrìsu ahgstruaabñg. Vgbrfchs jl rfk ha-abkfgtlj ahg jl lgkbgl, jls auljfs, lsu vfz, sf ugbrìg ahg jl rfk ̀ frrhvbl-rbl erlsbjfrl y pfrulgl–, lahtñ.

Ufspfath l jl ̀ lsf fg jl quf sf fg-aufgtrl fj prhyfath y fj tbfcph qufkfchrlrì jl herl, Clgrbquf shstuvhquf fstìg l jl fspfrl kfj prhthahjhahcpjfcfgtlrbh y lcpjblthrbh kf Bjh,quf fg fstf chcfgth fstì fg jl Ahcb-sbñg kf Ufjlabhgfs Bgtfrglabhgljfs.‚Vgl vfz quf sf lajlrf fsth, kf bgcfkblthsf ahgstrubrì jl vãl `ârrfl–, bgkbañ.

Qbg fcelroh, clgb`fstñ quf fstìgprfvbfgkh ahgtlr ahg trfgfs kf ljtl tfaghjhoãl quf trlgsphrtfg orlg algtb-klk kf alrol fg phah tbfcph, l `bgkf rfkuabr ahsths.

Fj sfougkh sf trltl kfj AhrrfkhrAfgtrlj, ugl vãl quf ltrlvfslrì JlYlz-Ahjjpl (Ehjbvbl) y [lagl (Yfrþ). ‚Rlsf lvlgzñ <;1 dbjñcftrhs y ̀ ljtl ug

trlch sbcbjlr–, lorfoñ Clgrbquf.@bgljcfgtf, rfvfjñ quf fj bgtfralc-

ebh ahcfrablj ahg gufstrh plãs supfrljhs <,099 cbjjhgfs kf kñjlrfs. L`brcñquf fj prbgabplj bgtfralcebh fs fj kfcbgfrljfs, pfrh quf tlcebâg fxbstfug phrafgtlnf bcphrtlgtf fg aulgthl orlghs.

Ehjbvbl rltb`bal bgtfrâs kf fxphrtlr ;9 cbjthgfjlkls kf mbfrrh l trlvâs kf pufrths pfrulghs

Qljbkl lj Ylaã`bah fs prbhrbklk plrl fj ohebfrgh ljtbpjìgbah, quffspfrl prhkuaabñg kf 599 cbj thgfjlkls fg jhs prñxbchs hamhlühs. Lkfcìs, sf fgaufgtrl trlelnlgkh fg prhyfath ̀ frrhvblrbhebglabhglj.

Nhrof Clgrbquf, rfprfsfgtlgtf kf jl Fcelnlkl kf Ehjbvbl, shstuvh quf jhs pufrths kf Cltlrlgbf Bjh shg jhs cìs ltrlatbvhs plrl sus prhyfaths kf fxphrtlabñg kf mbfrrh.




;2




Gfxh Juerbalgtfs, Cl-arh Kbstrbeubkhr kf QmfjjJuerbalgtfs fg Yfrþ, hr-olgbzñ fj _hrdsmhp Bgkus- trblj Gfxh 59<1, fvfgthquf lafrañ l jl fcprfslahg sus kbstrbeubkhrfs kf thkh fj plãs, y fg kñgkf sfprfsfgtlrhg tfcls kf bg- tfrâs fg`halkhs fg jl of-gfrlabñg kf vljhr l sushpfrlabhgfs.

L jh jlroh kf su prfsfg-abl fg fj cfralkh, jl fc-prfsl sf ml alrlatfrbzlkh

phr jl ahgstlgtf alplabtl-abñg l sus ajbfgtfs, lsã ah-ch fj `hcfgth kf rfugbh-gfs plrl ahcplrtbr f bgtfralceblr jls gfafsbkl-kfs kf jl bgkustrbl ahg fjhenftbvh kf l`rhgtlr y rf-shjvfr fsths rfths.

Lsã jh rfl`brcl, Uhefr- th Plrols Aìrkfgls, Of-rfgtf [âagbah kf Gfxh Ju-erbalgtfs, qubfg shstuvhquf fstl ̀ bjhsh`ãl kf trlelnh fs jl þgbal clgfrl quffgtbfgkfg plrl kfchs- trlrjfs l sus ajbfgtfs quffstìg ljbgflkhs ahg susprhpbls cftls, h`rfabâg-

khjfs prhkuaths kf aljb-klk, lgtfs kf prfhauplr-sf fg jhs vhjþcfgfs kf vfgtl.

‚Jl prhkuatbvbklk y rfgtlebjbklk kf sus gfoh-abhs fs gufstrh fg`hquf.Ahg gufstrhs juerbalgtfs, gufstrh shphrtf y sfrvbabh tâagbah eusalchslyuklrghs fg fsf sfgtb-kh–, lülkbñ Plrols.

[fcls ahch juerbal-abñg plrl rfkuathrfs kf vfjhabklk y ahcprfshrfs(lcehs fqubphs prfsfgtfs fg cuamhs sfathrfs

kf jl bgkustrbl) gh fsal-plrhg l jl plrtbabplabñglatbvl kf jhs lsbstfgtfs.

BGKVQ[UBL CBGFUL

Yhr htrh jlkh, ugh kfjhs lspfaths cìs kfeltb-khs y ahcfgtlkhs `uf fjkf jbcpbfzl kf `jubkhs, uglspfath bcphrtlgtf latuljcfgtf, sherf thkh fgjl bgkustrbl cbgfrl, klkhquf jhs ̀ lerbalgtfs kf cl-qubglrbl shg cìs fstrba-

ths ahg jls afrtb`balabhgfs y jhs pjlgfs kf fxafjfgablprh`fsbhglj quf sf kfefgljalgzlr.

Ufspfath lj sfathr cb-gfrh, Gfxh Juerbalgtfs

Gfxh Juerbalgtfs sf rfugbñ ahg sus shabhsfstrltâobahs fg _hrdsmhp Bgkustrblj 59<1Fg jh quf vbfgf ahgvbrtbâgkhsf fg ugl slgl ahstucerf, fj jãkfrglabhglj kfj cfralkh kf juerbalgtfs ahgvhañ l ajbfgtfs kf thkh fjplãs plrl chstrlr jls phsbebjbklkfs kf su phrtl`hjbh kf prhkuaths.Lkfcìs, jl rfugbñg prhpbabñ fj bgtfralcebh kf hpbgbhgfs rfspfath

kf jls gfafsbklkfs y jhs rfths quf sf kfefg l`rhgtlr fg fj sfathr.

rfahrkñ quf tbfgf ug phrtl`hjbh cuy kbvfrsh y fs-pfabljbzlkh kf lafbtfs pl-rl chthr, trlgscbsbhgfs,clgkhs `bgljfs, kb`frfg-abljfs, fgtrf htrhs. Lkf-cìs, kurlgtf jl rfugbñgkfchstrlrhg añch l trl- vâs kf ug cfnhr kfsfcpf-üh kfj juerbalgtf sf puf-kf fxtfgkfr jhs pfrãhkhs

kf clgtfgbcbfgth kf fqub-phs kf cbgfrãl, jhorlg-kh ugl clyhr kbsphgbeb-jbklk kf clqubglrbl, jhquf trlf ahch ahgsfaufg-abl ugl cìxbcl prhkuatbvbklk.

Uhefrth Plrols Aìrkfgls, Ofrfgtf [âagbah kf Gfxh Juerbalgtfs, jb- kfrñ jl nhrglkl f bcpujsñ fj kfeltf y jl plrtbabplabñg kf jhs lsbstfgtfs.

Vgl nhrglkl clrltñgbal rfugbñ l fnfautbvhs kf vfgtls y tâagbahs ahg pfrshglj kf Gfxh fg jls bgstljlabhgfs kfj Mhtfj Qhgfstl Fj Hjbvlr.

Fg cbgfrãl, Gfxh Juerbalgtfs aufgtl ahg ug phrtl`hjbh kbvfrsh y fspfabljbzlkh kf lafbtfs plrl chthr, trlgscbsbñg, clgkhs ̀ bgljfs,kb`frfgabljfs, fgtrf htrhs. Kurlgtf jl rfugbñg sf kfchstrñ añch l trlvâs kf ug cfnhr kf- sfcpfüh kfj juerbalgtf sf pufkf fxtfgkfr jhs pfrãhkhs kf clgtfgbcbfgth kf fqubphs kf cbgfrãl, jhorlgkh ugl clyhr kbsphgbebjbklk kf clqubglrbl, jh quf trlf ahch ahgsf-

aufgabl clyhr prhkuatbvbklk.




Ahgshjbklgkh su ahcprh-cbsh ahg jl cfnhrl ahgtbgul y fj aucpjbcbfgth kf jhs cìsljths fstìgklrfs bgtfrglabh-gljfs, Clfstrlgzl Kbfsfjhetuvh jls Afrtb`balabhgfs

BQH 299< y HMQLQ <=99<,kbstbgabhgfs quf ahjhalg l jlfcprfsl kfgtrh kf jls orlg-kfs hrolgbzlabhgfs quf tbf-gfg chkfjhs kf ofstbñg ahg-`blejfs y sfourhs.

Ahg fsths jhorhs, ahgshjb-kl ug orlg gbvfj hrolgbzltbvh

y olrlgtbzl prhafshs, sfrvb-abhs y ugl ltfgabñg kf prb-cfrl aljbklk, rfspftlgkh yrfsoulrklgkh jl sfourbklkkf su pfrshglj y kf jls hpf-rlabhgfs quf rfljbzl.

Ylrl ljalgzlr fstl cftl, Clfstrlgzl Kbfsfj su-pfrñ ugl fxmlustbvl lukb- thrãl fnfautlkl phr Jjhyk»sJU\L, hrolgbzlabñg kf ljth prfstbobh fg fvljulabh-gfs kf aljbklk y sfourb-klk.

‚Jl bcphrtlgabl kf erbg-klr prhkuaths y sfrvbabhskf aljbklk, aucpjbfgkh fs-

tìgklrfs bgtfrglabhgljfs,kfchstrlkhs ahg jl afrtb`b-alabñg BQH y HMQLQ, gh ml-

af cìs quf ahcprhcftfr-ghs ahg fj ahcprhcbsh kfcfnhrlr alkl kãl plrl jl fg-

tfrl sltbs`laabñg kf gufstrhs latuljfs y phtfgabljfsajbfgtfs–, clgb`fstñ fj Bgo.Lj`rfkh Lraf, Ofrfgtf Of-gfrlj kf Clfstrlgzl Kbfsfj.‚Fs ugl ljforãl y ugl fghr-cf sltbs`laabñg jhorlr fstfmbth–, lahtñ.

Fs bcphrtlgtf sfüljlrquf fstls afrtb`balabhgfs ghsf mlerãlg jhorlkh sbg jl plr- tbabplabñg y fj ahcprhcbshkfj pfrshglj kf jl fcprfsl.Fg fsf sfgtbkh, fs bcphrtlgtf kfstlalr fj trlelnh kfj Kf-plrtlcfgth kf Aljbklk l alr-

oh kf jl Bgo. Rfsfgbl Gþüfz,qubfgfs ahg su bgkfsclyl-ejf jlehr kbrbobfrhg jhs prh-afshs y latbvbklkfs plrllkfaulr fj sbstfcl l jl ofs- tbñg kf aljbklk y sfourbklk.

‚Fg jh pfrshglj cf sbfgthsltbs`faml kf mlefr jhorl-kh gufstrh prhpñsbth kf he-

tfgfr jl BQH 299< y HMQLQ<=99<, y ahcprhelr quffj fs`ufrzh kf thkhs fstìklgkh rfsujtlkhs. Fsth fsugl chtbvlabñg ahgstlgtf yfj kfsfh kf sfoubr arfabfg-kh ahch hrolgbzlabñg y ah-

ch pfrshgls–, lorfoñ Gþ-üfz.

Fj sfathr cbgfrh, quf ahg-`ãl fg Clfstrlgzl Kbfsfjplrl jhorlr shjuabhgfs bgtf-orljfs fg sus prhafshs ajlvfs, pufkf tfgfr jl afr-fzlkf quf jl h`frtl vljhr fstìafrtb`balkl. Ahg jl Afrtb`bal-

CLFQ[ULG^L KBFQFJ HE[BFGF AFU[B@BALABHGFQ BQH 299< R HMQLQ <=99<Jl aljbklk kf jhs prhafshs y jl sfourbklk fstìg olrlgtbzlkls. Kbstbgabhgfs sbtþlg l jl fcprfsl fgtrf jls cìs bcphrtlgtfskfj plãs, rfl`brclgkh su ahcprhcbsh ahg jl cfnhrl ahgstlgtf y jl bgghvlabñg.

‚Fs ugl ljforãl ugl fghrcf sltbs`laabñg jhorlr fstf mbth–, sfüljñ fg

tusblsclkh fj Bgo Lj`rfkh Lraf, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kClfstrlgzl Kbfsfj. Fg jhs stlgk<299 y <29< Fxtfrbhr kfj YFUVCBG, uk. phkrì vsbtlr y ahghafcìs sherf jl fcprfsl.

abñg BQH 299<, lsfourl uglahcpjftl sltbs`laabñg kfajbfgtf y fj ahcprhcbsh ahgcfnhrl ahgtbgul. Ahg jl Afr tb`balabñg HMQLQ, jl hrolgbzlabñg bkfgtb`bal y ofstbhgl bgahgtrhjlkhs f bggfafslrbhs

rbfsohs plrl jl sfourbklk yjl sljuk, erbgklgkh ugl cf nhr prhtfaabñg kf jhs fcpjflkhs y jhs gfohabhs. Lcelskbstbgabhgfs fstìg fg jãgflahg jhs vljhrfs quf prhcujol Clfstrlgzl Kbfsfj> fahcprhcbsh ahg FJ [ULELNH EBFG MFAMH y jl BGGH

PLABÑG.




Qalgbl, jãkfr fg fj cug-kh fg jl `lerbalabñg kf al-cbhgfs, ñcgbeus y chth-rfs bgkustrbljfs, bgluourñfj plslkh ? kf lohsth sugufvl suaurslj fg jl abuklk

kf Mulgalyh. Fj gufvh jh-alj ̀ hrcl plrtf kfj pjlg kffxplgsbñg kf jl fcprfslsufal fg gufstrh plãs.

‚Fstlchs cuy `fjbafskf phkfr fstlr fg Mulg-

alyh, ugl abuklk quf ml vfgbkh fxpfrbcfgtlgkh ugbcphrtlgtf arfabcbfgthfahgñcbah. Kfskf mlaf

vlrbhs lühs, fg Qalgbl vf-gbchs erbgklgkh shjuabh-

gfs l kbvfrsls fcprfslskf jl zhgl, y mhy, ̀ bgljcfgtf, fstlchs lquã, cuamhcìs afral kf gufstrhsajbfgtfs–, kfajlrñ FcbjbhCújjfr, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kfQalgbl kfj Yfrþ.

Qalgbl kfj Yfrþ bgluourl gufvl suaurslj fg MulgalyhGufvh jhalj `hrcl plrtf kfj pjlg kf fxplgsbñg l gbvfj glabhglj. Lsbcbsch, fcprfsl lgugabñ su prhorlclQalgbl @bglgaf, hpabñg quf lyuklrì fg fj ̀ bglgablcbfgth kf vfmãaujhs y ̀ jhtls elnh tlsls cuy ahcpftbtbvls.

Qalgbl tbfgf cìs kf 09lühs hpfrlgkh fg fj Yfrþ y latuljcfgtf aufgtl ahgugl rfk prhpbl kf suaursl-jfs l gbvfj glabhglj, jl auljbgajuyf jls abuklkfs kf Amb-

ajlyh, [runbjjh, Alnlclral,Jbcl, Lrfqubpl y jl rfabâgbgluourlkl Mulgalyh.

Fgtrf jhs sfrvbabhs l jhsquf ug ajbfgtf phkrì laaf-kfr fg jl gufvl suaursljsf fgaufgtrlg jl lkqubsb-abñg kf gufvls ugbklkfs,fj clgtfgbcbfgth y jl rfpl-rlabñg kf su `jhtl.

Lkfcìs, jl fcprfsllgugabñ cfkbkls quf lyu-klrìg l sus ajbfgtfs l ahg-sfoubr fqubphs gufvhs y kfprbcfr gbvfj. ‚Gufstrh he-

nftbvh fg Qalgbl fs erbg-klr shjuabhgfs lj ajbfgtf,

y ugl kf jls cìs bcphr-

tlgtfs fs jl quf jf pfrcb- tbrì lkqubrbr ug vfmãaujh.Qalgbl @bglgaf glaf ah-ch ugl gufvl hpabñg pl-rl fj `bglgablcbfgth kf

vfmãaujhs y `jhtls Qalgblelnh tlsls cuy ahcpftbtb-

vls–, lgugabñ Efrgt Jbgks- tfkt, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kfQalgbl @bglgaf Ambjf.

Lorfoñ quf ‚fg fj Yfrþ, vfgbchs `bglgablgkh l ug

Ufprfsfgtlgtfs kf Qalgbl,kurlgtf jl

bgluourlabñg.

Kurlgtf su kbsaursh, Fcbjbh Cújjfr, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Qalgbl Yfrþ, sfüljñ quf kfskf mlaf vlrbhs lühs erbgklg shjuabhgfs l kbvfrsls fcprfsls kf Mulgalyh, y ahg fstf gufvh jhalj fstlrìg cìs afral kf sus ajbfgtfs.orlg phrafgtlnf kf ajbfg-

tfs quf eusalg arfafr l trlvâs kf jl lkqubsbabñgkf alcbhgfs y ñcgbeusQalgbl. Jl bgluourlabñg kffstl gufvl suaurslj ghskl mhy jl phsbebjbklk kfh`rfafr gufstrhs sfrvbabhsl cìs ajbfgtfs–.

Alef rfsljtlr quf jl lc-

pjbl h`frtl kf jl fcprfslpfrcbtf sltbs`lafr jl kf-clgkl kf vlrbhs sfathrfs,fgtrf fjjhs jl cbgfrãl. Fs`lchsl jl kbvfrsl `jhtl kfalcbhgfs cbgfrhs ahg jhsquf aufgtl Qalgbl, al-plafs kf trlelnlr fg jlsahgkbabhgfs cìs fxtrfclskf gufstrl vlrblkl ofhorl-`ãl.




LEE, jãkfr cugkblj fg tfaghjh-oãls kf fgfroãl y luthcltbzlabñg,ahcpjftñ fj ahcbsbhglcbfgth kfkhs ahgkfgslkhrfs sãgarhghs y ̀ bj-

trhs lrcñgbahs plrl fj prhyfathLgtlplaaly kf ]strltl Ahppfr fgfj kbstrbth kf Rlurb, kf jl prhvbgablauzqufül kf Fspbglr.

Fj ljalgaf kfj sucbgbstrh bgajuyf `bjtrhs lrcñgbahs y su ahgtrhjl-khr, khs sbstfcls kf ahgkfgslkhrsbgarñgbah sbg fsahebjjls quf bgaju-

yfg chthrfs sãgarhghs kf 59 cf-ol vhjtbhs lcpfrbh, trlgs`hrclkh-rfs kf kbstrbeuabñg, ahgvfrtbkhrfskf `rfaufgabl, plgfjfs kf fxabtl-abñg y prhtfaabñg y sbstfcls kffg`rblcbfgth, kftljjñ LEE.

Fj prhyfath kf ]strltl Ahppfrsf fgaufgtrl l ;,<99 cftrhs sh-erf fj gbvfj kfj clr y fstì ahgfatl-kh phr ugl jlrol jãgfl kf trlgscb-sbñg. Ylrl l`rhgtlr fstl sbtulabñg,jhs ahgkfgslkhrfs sãgarhghs kfLEE lsfourlrìg ugl ahcpfgsl-abñg kf ̀ lathr kf phtfgabl prfabsl y kbgìcbal plrl ugl hpfrlabñg sf-ourl y ahg`blejf kf jl cbgl. Cfkblg-

tf jl bgtforlabñg kf ahgkfgslkh-rfs sãgarhghs y ̀ bjtrhs lrcñgbahs,jhs lrcñgbahs sf cbtbolg y jhs gb-

vfjfs kf ahrth abraubth shg cfnhrl-khs, hptbcbzlgkh jl prhkuatbvbklk

y jl f`babfgabl fgfroâtbal kf Lgtl-plaaly.

Jl trlgsglabhglj subzl ahgsbkf-rñ quf su fxpfrbfgabl fg bgtforl-abñg kf sbstfcls kf ̀ bjtrh lrcñgb-

ahs ahg jhs ahgkfgslkhrfs sãgarh-ghs, jl `ufrtf prfsfgabl kf sfrvb-abh jhalj y ugl fxafjfgtf rfputl-abñg fg fj cfralkh suklcfrbalgh,`ufrhg bcphrtlgtfs ̀ lathrfs plrlrfabebr jl ahg`blgzl kf ]strltl.

Ylrl ̀ bgljbzlr, bgkbañ quf Efam- tfj, ahgtrltbstl FYAC kf ]strltl,kbrbobñ fj prhyfath. Lülkbñ quf tlc-ebâg ml sucbgbstrlkh khs ahgkfg-slkhrfs sãgarhghs bkâgtbahs plrlfj prhyfath Jls Elcels kf ]strl-

tl Ahppfr fg Yfrþ, ahg fj ahcbsbh-glcbfgth prfvbsth plrl fj aulrth

trbcfstrf kf 59<;.

LEE ahcbsbhgl fxbthslcfgtf ahgkfgslkhrfssãgarhghs fg jl cbgl kf aherf Lgtlplaaly

Ahgkfgslkhrfs sãgarhghs y `bjtrhs lrcñgbahs kf LEE lucfgtlrìg jl aljbklk kf jl fgfroãl kf rfk plrl uglhpfrlabñg kf pjlgtl sfourl y ahg`blejf l cìs kf ;999 cftrhs.

Jl hpfrlabñg l tlnh lebfrth y jl hpfrlabñg kf prh-

afslcbfgth kf Lgtlpla- aly fstìg sbtulkls lprhxbclklcfgtf l kbfz dbjñ- cftrhs kf jl cbgl ]strltl [bgtlyl l ;,<99 cftrhs sherf fj gbvfj kfj clr. Jl pjlgtl tbfgf ugl alplabklk kf prhafsh fs- tbclkl kf ?9,999 thgfjlkls phr kãl plrl fj prbcfr sfcfstrf kf 59<1 y prhyfatl prhkuabr bgbabljcfgtf <09,999 thgfjlkls kf aherf ahgafgtrlkh phr lüh.

Ahgkfgslkhrfs sãgarhghs fg jl cbgl kf aherf Lgtlplaaly. [rlgs`hrclkhr kf kbstrbeuabñg fg jl cbgl kf aherf Lgtlplaaly.




62

urlgtf trfs kãls kf bgtfg-nhrglkls, jhs kfsl`ãhs kffstruaturl fg jl ahgstrua-kf tþgfjfs y ahgstruaabh-suetfrrìgfls fg herls vbl-cbgfrãl ̀ ufrhg cltfrbl kf

usbñg kurlgtf jl þjtbcl ahg-gabl bgtfrglabhglj kf tþgf-[uggfj & Cbgbgo 59<1–,

lgbzlkl phr Fjbtf [rlbgbgo.

hg`frfgabstls y lsbstfg-glabhgljfs y fxtrlgnfrhs,

frhg jl hphrtugbklk kf bg-lceblr bg`hrclabñg y hpb-lafral kf gufvls tâagb-

fg fxalvlabñg, bgspfaabñgmlebjbtlabñg, ofh`ãsbal lpjb-l, arbtfrbhs plrl jl lpjbal-kf sh`twlrf, pfr`hrlabñglkurl, fgtrf htrhs.

s prfabslcfgtf fsf bgtfr-ebh fj clyhr jhorh kf fstl

ugkl fkbabñg kfj fvfgth,glabñ ljjì phr fj 5992. Fg

sfgtbkh, Fjb [hrrfs, Kbrfa-kf Fjbtf [rlbgbgo, kfstlañphrtlgabl kf lphrtfs plrl

fslrrhjjh kf jl bg`rlfstrua-fg fj plãs. ‚Jl bgofgbfrãl

fsbtl ahcplrtbr bg`hrcl- Jl bgvfstbolabñg tbfgf qufplrtbrsf y tbfgf quf sfrrtl. Fstf fvfgth ml chtb-h fsth fg efgf b̀abh kf th- Lkfcìs, bgtfgtlrfchsr fstl bg`hrclabñg l ugb-

sbklkfs glabhgljfs y kfjtbgfgtf–, clgb`fstñ.

h qubsh kfnlr kf chstrlrorlkfabcbfgth l jls pfr-

ls quf sf ahcprhcftbfrhg

ahg fj prhyfath> Khathrfs JubsNhrkì, Hswljkh Lkuvbrf y Alr-jhs Jñpfz Nbcfgh, luthrbklkfsfg fj cugkh kf jl ahgstruaabñgkf tþgfjfs.

BG[FUALCEBH FG[UF FJYFUÞ R FJ CVGKH

Fs bgkuklejf quf fg fstl cltfrbl Furhpl aufgtl ahg cìslühs kf trlelnh y kfslrrhjjh.Qbg fcelroh, jl fxpfrbfgabl pf-rulgl gh sf qufkl ltrìs y pu-kh kfchstrlr jhs lvlgafs quf vbfgf jhorlgkh. Ahgaufrkl ahgfsl hpbgbñg, Alrjhs Jñpfz Nbcf-gh, Kbrfathr kf Fgfroãl f Bg-kustrbl kf jl Ahcugbklk kf Cl-krbk, qubfg lpufstl phr fj kfsl-rrhjjh kf fsf f`fath sbgârobah.

Lpjlukbñ fj gbvfj kf hrolgb-zlabñg kfj fvfgth, fj gbvfj kflsbstfgabl, lsã ahch fj bgtfrâsquf pukh hesfrvlr fgtrf jhs

lsbstfgtfs. ‚Fjbtf ml sbkh al-plz kf bcplrtbr 5; ahg`frfg-abls y kfslrrhjjlr 1 tljjfrfs–,shstuvh.

Fs kf jl cbscl hpbgbñg, Lj-efrth Jheh, Nf`f kf Ofhtfagblkf Lralkbs Yfrþ, qubfg l`brcñquf ̀ uf kf jl cfnhr. ‚Qbfcprffs kb`ãabj jl hrolgbzlabñg kfug fvfgth ahg jl lsbstfgabl kfplrtbabplgtfs kf thkh fj cug-kh y kf kbstbgths sfathrfs–,sfüljñ.

Bgsbstbñ fg quf gufstrh plãspufkf lphrtlr cuaml kf gufstrl fxpfrbfgabl, sherf thkh fg

tugfjfrãl cbgfrl. ‚Mly quf

ugbr fs`ufrzhs, trlgscbtbr bg-`hrclabñg y ahgsfgsulr arbtf-rbhs–, ahgajuyñ.

JH \VF QF PBFGF

Fj âxbth kf jl ahg`frfgabl, qufrfugbñ ljrfkfkhr kf 199 plrtb-abplgtfs, ljfgtñ l hrolgbzlr uglgufvl vfrsbñg fj prñxbch lüh.‚Yjlgflchs tfgfr fj prñxbchfvfgth fg nugbh kf 59<; fg fjMhtfj _fstbg. Fg fsl halsbñg,eusalrfchs ltrlfr ;99 pfr-shgls–, lgugabñ [hrrfs.

Ahgsujtlkh phr jls latbvbkl-kfs cìs prñxbcls, bg`hrcñ quf

yl fstìg alsb lohtlkhs jhs au-

phs kfj aursh kf Ofhquãcballpjbalkl l jl fxpjhrlabñg qufkfslrrhjjlrìg l ̀ bgfs kf lohsth, y quf fstlrì l alroh kf jlKrl. Cbrblg Clclgb.

Lsbcbsch, kfstlañ quf kfj<5 lj <; kf ̀ ferfrh kfj 59<;prfsfgtlrì jl ‚Ahg`frfgabl kfAbfrrf kf Cbgl–, quf tfgkrìahch sfkf fj Ahugtry Ajue kfJbcl.

Yhr þjtbch, rfvfjñ quf mlgsbkh bgvbtlkhs l plrtbabplr fgug fvfgth kf bg`rlfstruaturl y tugfjfrãl fg Ambjf fg fj cfskf ghvbfcerf.

BCL @VF JL ALYB[LJ KF JL [VGFJFUÃLrh`fsbhgljfs kf jl ahgstruaabñg kf tþgfjfs y herls suetfrrìgfls sf rfugbfrhg plrl kfeltbr sherf jl sbtulabñg latulj,s rfths y jls pfrspfatbvls kf fstf sfathr kf jl bgkustrbl. Fvfgth `uf hrolgbzlkh phr Fjbtf [rlbgbgo, quf lgugabñ jlolgbzlabñg kf htrl vfrsbñg plrl fj 59<;.

Kfj 6 lj ? kf lohsth, jl `lcbjbl kf Fjbtf [rlbgbgo ahgtrbeuyñ lj kfslrrhjjh kf jl bgofgbfrãl kf ahgstruaabñg kf tþgfjfs y ahgstruaabhgfs suetfrrìgfls fg herls vbljfs y cbgfrãl. Fg bclofg, thkh fj fqubph ahg Fjb [hrrfs, su Kbrfathr.

Jfhglrkh Eustlclgtf, ahgsujthr kf Ofhkltl, kbsfrtñ sherf fj prhyfath kfj Cftrh kf Jbcl.

Ljefrth Jheh, Nf`f kf Ofhtfagbl kf Lr- alkbs Yfrþ, fxpush sherf jhs Câthkhs kf fxalvlabñg y shstfgbcbfgth fg fstlabhgfs kf orlg sfaabñg - Jãgfl 6 kfj cftrh kf Elrafjhgl.

thg Jfwbs, kf jl Lshablabñg Yfrulgl kf [þgfjfs, alpturñ jl ltfgabñg kfj rfspftlejf ahg su fgtlabñg.

Fj Bgo. Uñcujh Cuamh, Yrfsbkfgtf kfj BBCY y Alrjhs Jñpfz Nbcfgh, Kbrfathr kf Fgfroãl f Bgkustrbl kf jl Ahcugbklk kf Clkrbk, ̀ ufrhg khs kf jhs fspfabljbstls cìs rfghcerl- khs ahg jhs quf ahgtñ jl ab tl.




Ofstbñg cbgfrl sfkbsautbñ fg fvfgthhrolgbzlkh phrljucghs kf jl VG

@uturhs bgofgbfrhs kf cbglskfj Yfrþ ahgvhalrhg l fspf-abljbstls glabhgljfs y fxtrlg-

nfrhs kf jls cìs bcphrtlgtfsahcplüãls cbgfrls. Kurlgtf1 kãls, sf kbsautbfrhg pfrspfa-tbvls fg jl cfnhrl kf prhafshsy sf mbabfrhg bcphrtlgtfs lgug-abhs. Fvfgth prhcftf ugl sf-ougkl fkbabñg.

Jl cbgfrãl pfrulgl gh shjh fs bcpujslkl phr bcphrtlgtfs fnfautbvhs fcprfslrbhs kfj sfathr. Yrufel kfjjh, fs jl hrolgbzlabñg kfj B Qbcphsbuc Bgtfrglabhglj kf Ofstbñg Cbgfrl (QBOFCBG), fvfgth hrolgbzlkh ãg

tforlcfgtf phr ug fgtusblstl orupkf nñvfgfs bgofgbfrhs kf cbgls kf j

VGB, pfrtfgfabfgtfs l jl Yrhchabñ59<1-< ‚C. Fgo Bgo Uhefrth F. Clkhglkh Lsthrol–.

Ahch sfüljlg jhs hrolgbzlkhrfs tuvbfrhg quf kfspjfolr bcphrtlgtf fsùfrzh fg tbfcph râahrk, plrl jhorlrfugbr l fspfabljbstls glabhgljfs f bg

tfrglabhgljfs, fcprfslrbhs cbgfrhs rfprfsfgtlgtfs kf ahcplüãls. Qbg fcelroh, qubsbfrhg kfstlalr fj lphyh kjhs plkrbghs kf jl prhchabñg Cljkhglkh-Clths y kf su fsphsl, jl Cls

tfr fg Abfgabl, Alrcfg Clths Ìvljhs

Kfj = lj <9 kf lohsth, fg jls bgs tljlabhgfs kfj Bgstbtuth kf Bgofgbfrhkf Cbgls kfj Yfrþ, sf ahcplrtbñ fxpfrbfgabls y sf kbsautbñ lafral kfj clgfnh fstrltâobah kf ahsths y jl cfnhrkf jhs prhafshs cbgfrhs. Kf jl rfu

gbñg, sljbfrhg bcphrtlgtfs lgugabhquf mbabfrhg fah fg jl prfgsl glabhglahch fj bgtfrâs kf [rbcejf, `brcl fspfabljbzlkl fg tfaghjhoãls kf phsbabhglcbfgth plrl thphorl`ãl y ahgstruaabñg, fg rfl`brclrsf ahg ̀ ufrzl fg fcfralkh cbgfrh pfrulgh, y fj lgugabh kf Afrrh Pfrkf kf ahgshjbklrsahch jl cbgl kf aherf cìs orlgkkfj cugkh.

Ljougls kf jls fcprfsls kf tljjl cugkblj quf fstuvbfrhg prfsfg

tfs ùfrhg @rffphrt CaChrlg Ahppfr lgk Ohjk (FF.VV.), Qml`t Qbgdfr(Qukì`rbal), Uhcpfv Yty Jtk (Lus

trljbl), Gfwchgt Cbgbgo Ahrphrl tbhg (FF.VV), Jl Fsahgkbkl (AmbjfYfrþ gh sf qufkñ ltrìs y ahgtñ l rfprfsfgtlgtfs kf bcphrtlgtfs ahcplüãls ahch Phjalg Ahcplüãl Cbgfrl

Fcprfsl Cbgfrl Jhs \ufguljfs, Qhu tmfrg Yfru Ahppfr, Ohjk @bfjks Jl Acl Q.L, [bgtlyl Ojfgahrf ]strltl Ahppfr, fgtrf htrhs.

(Bzq) Qfrobh Aruz, Ofrfgtf [âagbah kf Ohjk @bfjks Jl Abcl, prfsfgtñ ‚Fg eusal kf jl fxafjfgabl hpfrlabhglj, añch hptbcbzlr jhs prhafshs hpfrltbvhs. (Lj afgtrh). Alrjhs Pfol Cljkhglkh, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf K.O.L. CBG Jtkl. kf Ambjf, prfsfgtlgkh ‚Orlgkfs bgvfrsbhgfs y arfabcbfgth fg jl cbgfrãl ambjfgl–. (Kfrfaml). Amrbstblg Erlvh Cþühz kf jl ambjfgl [rbcejf, nugth l jhs hrolgbzlkhrfs, fgalefzlkhs phr fj Bgo Uhefrth Cljkhglkh Lsthrol y Alrcfg Clths Ìvljhs.

Fj ùturh kf jl cbgfrãl pfrulgl fstì lsfourlkl ahg nñvfgfsahcprhcftbkhs ahch jhs kf jl Yrhchabñg VGB 59<1-< ‚C. FgoBgo. Uhefrth F. Cljkhglkh Lsthrol–. Fg jl ̀ hth, lahcplülkhskf su Clkrbgl, Alrcfg Clths Lvljhs, y kf @rlgabsah Orbcljkhrfprfsfgtlgtf kf Fcprfsl Cbgfrl Jhs \ufguljfs.




0<

Jl ̀ ugklabñg ljfclgl, Qbfcfgs Qtb`- tugo, fg ljblgzl ahg Bgstbtuth LYHRH,jlgzl fg fj Yfrþ fj prhorlcl fkualtbvhFxpfrbcfgth ahg fj henftbvh kf cfnhrlr

y `hrtljfafr jf lprfgkbzlnf kf jhs fsah-jlrfs pfrulghs fg jls ìrfls kf abfgabls,

tfaghjhoãl, sljuk y cfkbh lcebfgtf.Fxpfrbcfgth prhphgf ug chkfjh fku-

altbvh quf pfrcbtf fgsfülr sherf tfclskf abfgabls l trlvâs kf jl fxpfrbcfgtl-abñg y jl ah-ahgstruaabñg kf lprfgkbzlnf.

Fstf prhorlcl ahgtfcpjl ug pjlg kfalplabtlabñg khafgtf y jl fgtrfol l jlsfsaufjls kf alnls ahg cltfrbljfs plrlrfljbzlr cìs kf ;9 fxpfrbcfgths qufpfrcbtfg kfspfrtlr jl aurbhsbklk abfgtã-`bal kf jhs ljucghs fg tfcls rfjlabhgl-khs ahg jl fgfroãl, fj cfkbhlcebfgtf yjl sljuk. [lgth fstukblgtfs ahch clfs-

trhs phkrìg fxpfrbcfgtlr fg jls lujlsahg jl prfcbsl kf> ‚lprfgkfr mlabfgkhf bgvfstbolgkh–. Lkbabhgljcfgtf, fj prh-orlclFxpfrbcfgth bgafgtbvl jl eþsquf-kl y fj ush kf bg`hrclabñg fg cfkbhskbobtljfs quf pfrcbtfg prh`ugkbzlr lprfg-kbzlnfs kf clgfrl fgtrftfgbkl y, lsã,fgrbqufafr, lþg cìs, jl aljbklk kf jlfkualabñg. Fj ‚Cfkbl Yhrtlj – fs ugl pjl-

tl`hrcl hgjbgf fg quf Qbfcfgs Qtb`tugophgf l kbsphsbabñg ug lcpjãsbch fspfa-

trh kf cltfrbljfs khafgtfs plrl uglprfgkbzlnf latulj kf jls abfgabls. FjCfkbl Yhrtlj fs kbsphgbejf plrl pfkl-ohohs kf thkh fj cugkh orltubtlcfgtf.Qus cltfrbljfs `labjbtlg tlgth ahghab-cbfgths eìsbahs kf jls ìrfls kf abfg-abls y tfaghjhoãl ahch lspfaths rfjlabh-glkhs kf tbph shablj, fahjñobah y aujturlj.

Jl bcpjfcfgtlabñg kfj prhorlcl fgfj Yfrþ fs `bglgablkl phr jl `ugklabñgQbfcfgs Qtb`tugo, Qbfcfgs Yfrþ y Fgfr-sur4 sf rfljbzl kfskf fstf lüh fg fsauf-jls pþejbals fg Ambjal y [ljlrl y efgf`b-abl l <,569 fstukblgtfs y cìs kf ;9khafgtfs kf tfrafr y aulrth orlkh kf

prbclrbl. Fg Jltbghlcârbal, Fxpfrbcfg- th fstì sbfgkh bcpjfcfgtlkh fg Ahjhc-ebl, Ambjf y Lrofgtbgl ahg rfsujtlkhscuy phsbtbvhs. Fg 59<;, fj prhyfathlcpjblrì su ahefrturl orlabls lj rfs-pljkh kf ljblgzls bgstbtuabhgljfs quflpugtlg l ̀ hrtljfafr jl aljbklk fkualtb-

vl ahch ̀lathr ajlvf plrl fj kfslrrhjjhfahgñcbah, jl bgajusbñg shablj y jl bggh-

vlabñg fg jhs plãsfs.Jl prfsfgtlabñg kfj Yrhorlcl Fx-

pfrbcfgth sf rfljbzlrì fj jugfs <0 kfsftbfcerf l jls 6>99 p.c., fg jl QljlGh. 6 (Fxtfrbhr 1) fg YFUVCBG 1< -Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, Afgtrh kf Ahgvfg-abhgfs Afrrh Nujb, Lrfqubpl, Yfrþ.

Ahgtlaths>

Nujbl Uútfr, Yrfgsl y Ufjlabhgfs Yþejb-als kf Qbfcfgs Qtb`tugo[fj`. +;2 / =2 / 6; 9; =?-< <9

nujbl.ruftfrIsbfcfgs-stb`tugo.hro

Vjrbdf Quslggf _lmj, Qbfcfgs Qtb`- tugo fg Jltbghlcârbal[fj`. +60 2 60 == ;< =0Vjrbdf.wlmj.fxtIsbfcfgs-stb`tugo.hro

Klgbfjl Clþrtul, Ahrphrltf Ahccu-

gbaltbhgs lgk Ohvfrgcfgt L``lbrsEhjbvbl, Faulkhr, YfrþQbfcfgs Q.L.A.[fj .̀ (+6<<) 5<6-;;=1klgbfjl.clurtulIsbfcfgs.ahc

Yluj Gfbrl, Kbrfaabñg Fnfautbvl Bgstbtu- th LYHRH[fj .̀ (+6<<) 59<-=9?5pgfbrlIbgstbtuthlphyh.hro.pf

Lgl Afabjbl Chstlnh, Ufjlabhgfs y Ah-cugbalabhgfs Bgstbtuth LYHRH[fj .̀ (+6<<) 59<-=92;lchstlnhIbgstbtuthlphyh.hro.pf

@ugklabñg Bgtfrglabhglj Qbfcfgs Qtb`tugojlgzl ‚Yrhorlcl Fxpfrbcfgth– fg fj Yfrþ




Jl H`babgl kf Ghrcljbzl-abñg Yrfvbsbhglj - HGY, rfljb-zñ fj 2 kf sftbfcerf fj plohkfj efgf`babh lgulj ahrrfs-

phgkbfgtf lj @hgkh Ahcpjf-cfgtlrbh kf Nuebjlabñg Cb-gfrl, Cftljþrobal y Qbkfrþr-obal (@ANCCQ) l `lvhr kfcbjfs kf pfgsbhgbstls pfrtf-gfabfgtfs l jl Jfy G¹ 56992(Qbstfcl Glabhglj kf Yfgsbh-gfs - QGY) y l Jfy G¹ 5?565(Qbstfcl Yrbvlkh kf Yfgsbh-gfs - QYY).

Fj chgth rfaluklkh fg fj59<5 lsafgkbñ l 0; cbjjh-gfs ;9? cbj gufvhs shjfs y efgf`bablrì l ug thtlj kf<1,629 pfgsbhgbstls, kf jhsauljfs <5,200 pfrtfgfafglj QGY y 05; lj QYY. Fj plohsf rfljbzlrì l `lvhr kf jhspfgsbhgbstls quf prfsfgtl-

rhg sus shjbabtukfs mlstl fj19 kf lerbj kfj prfsfgtf lüh y aucpjbfrhg ahg thkhs jhsrfqubsbths fstlejfabkhs.

Alef bgkbalr quf fj@ANCCQ sf ahgstbtuyf ahgfj lphrtf kfj 9,6% kf jl rfgtl lgulj kf jls fcprfsls cb-gfrls, cftljþrobals y sbkf-rþrobals, lgtfs kfj ploh kfbcpufsths y, ahg fj lphrtfkfj 9,6% cfgsulj kf jl rf-cugfrlabñg erutl kf alkl trl-

HGY hthroñ ehgh ahcpjfcfgtlrbhl cbgfrhs nuebjlkhs

Chgth rfaluklkh fj 59<5 supfrl jhs 0; cbjjhgfs yefgf`bablrì l <1 cbj 629 fx trlelnlkhrfs cbgfrhs.

Efgf`babh Ahcpjfcfgtlrbh tlcebâg sfrì hthrolkh l jhs efgf`bablrbhs kf pfgsbhgfs kf vbukfz y hr`lgklk quf kfrbvfg kf ugl pfgsbñg kf nuebjlabñg ahrrfsphgkbfgtf l jhs rfoãcfgfs cbgfrhs.

elnlkhr cbgfrh, cftljþrobah y sbkfrþrobah.Lkfcìs kf jhs pfgsbhgbstls kf nuebjl-

abñg f bgvljbkfz kf jl Jfy G¹ 56992 y jl Jfy

G¹

5?565, fj Efgf`babh Ahcpjfcfgtlrbh tlcebâg sfrì hthrolkh l jhs efgf`bablrbhskf pfgsbhgfs kf vbukfz y hr`lgklk quf kf-rbvfg kf ugl pfgsbñg kf nuebjlabñg ahrrfs-phgkbfgtf l jhs rfoãcfgfs cbgfrhs, cftl-jþrobahs y sbkfrþrobahs bgkbalkhs.

Jl bgstbtuabñg rfahrkñ quf lgtf aulj-qubfr bgahgvfgbfgtf fg jhs trìcbtfs kfeflaukbrsf l jl afgtrlj tfjf`ñgbal HGY[FJ>626-96<9 plrl Jbcl y lj 9=9<-<51;6plrl htrhs kfplrtlcfgths kfj plãs, lsã ah-ch sus 1< Afgtrhs kf Ltfgabñg kbstrbeub-khs l gbvfj glabhglj.




Kudf Fgfroy Yfrþ, fcprfsl ofgf-rlkhrl kf fgfroãl, rfljbzñ jl prfsfg-

tlabñg h`bablj fg Jbcl kfj jberh ‚66 Lühs kf Alüñg kfj Ylth. Vgl prhfzlfg jhs Lgkfs> Mbsthrbl kf jl AfgtrljMbkrhfjâatrbal kfj Alüñg kfj Ylth–,ugl herl quf rfahghaf y ahgcfchrljhs 66 lühs kf hpfrlabñg bgbgtfrruc-pbkl kf fstl nhyl kf jl bgofgbfrãl lg-alsmbgl.

‚Jl puejbalabñg kfj jberh fs rfsujtlkh kfj hroujjh quf jl fcprfsl ahc-plrtf ahg thkhs jhs lgalsmbghs, y fjYfrþ fg ofgfrlj, phr fstl bg`rlfstruaturl quf bcpujsñ fj kfslrrhjjh kf jlzhgl y quf sbouf sbfgkh ug orlg ltrlatbvh turãstbah–, sfüljñ Clrd Mh``-clgg, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Kudf Fgfr-oy Yfrþ.

Yhr su plrtf, Oubjjfrch @lnlrkh,Ofrfgtf Ufobhglj kf UfsphgslebjbklkQhablj kf jl fcprfsl, sfüljñ quf ‚fjjberh fs ug rfahrrbkh phr fj tbfcphquf ghs jjfvl kf vufjtl lj Qbojh ]PB,l jhs bgbabhs kf jl bjucbglabñg lrtb`b-ablj fg jl ahjhgbl4 plslgkh phr jl frlkf jl fjfatrbabklk fg fj Yfrþ y tfrcb-glgkh fg jl latuljbklk–.

Fj fvfgth rfljbzlkh fg fj Cusfh kfjl Fjfatrbabklk kf Elrrlgah tlcebâg

tuvh jl prfsfgabl kfj mbsthrblkhr Gfy-kh Mbkljoh, qubfg fxpjbañ jhs phrcf-ghrfs kf su fjlehrlabñg l thkhs jhsbgvbtlkhs.

Jl Afgtrlj Mbkrhfjâatrbal kfj Al-üñg kfj Ylth, bkflkl phr fj bgofgbfrhQlgtbloh Lgtþgfz kf Clyhjh, tbfgf la-

tuljcfgtf ugl phtfgabl bgstljlkl kf501 C_ y fs lkcbgbstrlkl phr Kudf

Fgfroy Yfrþ kfskf su jjfolkl lj plãsfg <222.

Vg phah kf mbsthrbl

Jhs hrãofgfs kf jl afgtrlj mbkrh-fjâatrbal sfüljlg quf fg <2<1 fj sl-ebh Lgtþgfz kf Clyhjh rfljbzñ ugl prb-cfrl vbsbtl kf bgspfaabñg l jl jhaljb-klk kf Muljjlgal, ahg jl bgtfgabñg kf

Kudf Fgfroy Yfrþ prfsfgtñ jberh phr jhs 66 lühs kf ̀ ugabhglcbfgthkf jl Afgtrlj Mbkrhfjâatrbal kfj Alüñg kfj Ylth

Mbsthrbl kf bg`rlfstruaturl bkflkl phr fj slebh Lgtþgfz kf Clyhjh fs vljbhsh trlelnh kf bgvfstbolabñg quf ahgtrbeuyflj bgarfcfgth kf ebejbhorl`ãl fspfabljbzlkl sherf gufstrh pltrbchgbh fjâatrbah.

fsehzlr jl ahgstruaabñg kf ugl orlgherl, alplz kf prhkuabr fjfatrbabklk

y prhorfsh plrl jhs hjvbklkhs pufejhslgalsmbghs.

Fg <2;1, fj ohebfrgh kfj prfsbkfgtf Yrlkh arfl jl Ahrphrlabñg Yfrul-gl kfj Qlgtl eusalgkh ahgsfoubr khshenftbvhs> lprhvfamlr fj mbfrrh kf Clr-ahgl ahgstruyfgkh ugl sbkfrþrobal fgAmbcehtf, y ahgstrubr jl mbkrhfjâatrb-

al, jl aulj yl mleãl rfabebkh jl lprh-elabñg kfj fstukbh kf `latbebjbklk phrplrtf kf ugl cbsbñg kf bgofgbfrhs ghr-

tflcfrbalghs.@bgljcfgtf fg <26= fgtrñ fg hpf-

rlabñg fstl herl quf lprhvfaml jlslouls kfj rãh Qlgtl. Fg ug prbgabpbh sh-jh tuvh ugl phtfgabl kf 69 C_ y phs-

tfrbhrcfgtf sf lcpjbñ l <99 y <69C_, fg <20? y <2=< rfspfatbvlcfgtf.

Fkwbg \ubgtlgbjjl,vbafcbgbstrh kf Fgfroãl4 Clrd Mh``clgg,Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Kudf Fgfroy Yfrþ4 Fvl Lrbls,Yrfsbkfgtl kf jl Qhabfklk Glabhglj kf Cbgfrãl,Yftrñjfh y Fgfroãl4 f Boglabh Ejlgah,Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Fkfjghr,kurlgtf fj jlgzlcbfgth kfj jberh.



0;E Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Jl lkqubsbabñg ahgvbfrtf l M-F Ylrts fg jl cfnhr ljtfrgltbvl ahch prhvffkhr plrl ajbfgtfs fg jl CbgfrãlOjhelj.

M-F Ylrts Bgtfrgltbhglj (MFYB), fcprfsl jãkfr fg jl cl-gu`laturl, sfrvbabh y ahcfrabljbzlabñg kf rfpufsths y ahc-phgfgtfs plrl jl cbgfrãl, lgugabñ jl lkqubsbabñg kfj Oru-ph Chrolg, ̀ lerbalgtf y prhvffkhr kf prhkuaths kf `rba-abñg sfal, sfrvbabh kf rflahgkbabhglcbfgth kf `rfghs,clgoufrls mbkrìujbals, ̀ bjtrhs mbkrìujbahs, y fqubphs kfjuerbalabñg, prhkuaths fjâatrbahs y htrhs, thkhs kf orlgaljbklk y prfstbobh fg fj cfralkh.

Chrolg, fs ugl fcprfsl quf phr cìs kf =9 lühs mlsbkh fj prhvffkhr hejbolkh kf jls bgkustrbls kf jl cbgfrãl,mbkrìujbal y jl ahgstruaabñg ahg rfkfs jhaljfs ebfg fstl-ejfabkls y afgtrhs fstrltâobahs kf kbstrbeuabñg fg fj hfstfkf Alglkì, jhs Fstlkhs Vgbkhs, Ambjf y Yfrþ.

M-F Ylrts utbjbzlrì jls cbscls rfkfs kf kbstrbeuabñgquf Chrolg tbfgf fstlejfabkls fg Alglkì, Ambjf y Yfrþplrl sucbgbstrlr plrtfs y sfrvbabhs kf clgu`laturl ljhs ajbfgtfs kf jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl. ‚Vgbâgkhsf l jl ̀ lcb-jbl M-F Ylrts, sf lerfg trfcfgkls hphrtugbklkfs plrlfj Oruph Chrolg–, fxpjbal Uhofr Uhebjjlrk, AFH kf Chr-olg. ‚Fstl ljblgzl jf pfrcbtbrì l Chrolg prhvffr l susajbfgtfs thkh ug gufvh rlgoh kf prhkuaths y sfrvbabhsgh kbsphgbejfs fg fj plslkh–, ahgajuyñ.

Fg Ambjf y Yfrþ, Chrolg ahgtbgulrì elnh jl kbrfaabñg kfj

Qr. Lj̀ hgsh [fpjbzdy qubfg tfgkrì jl cbsbñg kf `usbhglr y `hrtljfafr jls fcprfsls Arhwg Ambjf, prhpbfklk kf MF Ylrts y Chrolg Ambjf/Yfrþ y fg ahgnugth h`rfafr ugl ahcpjftlshjuabñg kf prhkuaths y rfpufsths plrl jl cbgfrãl.

(MFYB) lgugabñ lkqubsbabñg kfj oruph



0;K Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

¸\uâ sbogb`bal YFUVCBG plrl jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl pfrulgl8

Fj YFUVCBG fs ug ̀ hrh bcphrtlgtf gh shjh plrl jl bgkustrbl cb-gfrl glabhglj, sbgh cugkblj. Fj prbg-abplj henftbvh kfj fvfgth fs ahgorf-olr l jhs cbgfrhs, bgtfralceblr cu-amls fxpfrbfgabls, ahghabcbfgths

y ahg`rltfrgbzlr fg Lrfqubpl, uglabuklk quf sbfcprf ghs ml lahob-kh. Ylrl ghshtrhs fs ‚fj fvfgtheblgulj– cìs bcphrtlgtf kf jl cb-gfrãl pfrulgl.

¸Auìjfs shg jhs tfcls quf gh kfefg fsalplr kf jl lofgkl8

Fg fstl vfrsbñg kfj YFUVCBGarfh quf mly khs tfcls kf prbgab-plj rfjfvlgabl. Fg prbcfr juolr, jllafjfrlabñg kf trìcbtfs. Ylrlpjlsclr fg mfamhs ahgarfths y

ljalgzlr jl cftl kf ug plãs ahc-pftbtbvh, kfefg lafjfrlrsf jhs trì-

Lafjfrlabñg kf trìcbtfs y ahg`jbatbvbklk shablj sfrìgkhs tfcls kf prbgabplj rfjfvlgabl fg YFUVCBG

Ylrl ahghafr jhs prbgabpljfs tfcls quf sf kbsautbrìg fg fj prñxbch fvfgth cbgfrh, y rf`jfxbhglr sherf jl sbtulabñgcbgfrl fg ofgfrlj, Cugkh Cbgfrh ahgvfrsñ ahg Fvl Lrbls kf Qhjhourfg, Yrfsbkfgtl kf jl Qhabfklk Glabhglj kfCbgfrãl, Yftrñjfh y Fgfroãl, y pljlerl luthrbzlkl kfj sfathr.

cbtfs. Latuljcfgtf mly fs`ufrzhskfj Ohebfrgh.

Vg sfougkh tfcl fs fj kf jlahg`jbatbvbklk shablj. Fg fstf ls-pfath, mly ug fs`ufrzh kfj Fstlkh,l trlvâs kf jls cfsls kf kbìjhoh,quf lyuklg l fvbtlr prhtfstls sh-abljfs. Kfefchs rfahrklr quf fs-

tlchs fg pfrãhkh fjfathrlj, y qufpufkfg fxlafrelrsf jhs ìgbchs pl-rl slalr plrtbkh kf fstls tfgsbh-gfs. Jl lusfgabl kf ahg`jbaths fsbcphrtlgtf plrl fj kfslrrhjjh ghshjh kf jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl, sbghplrl fj kfslrrhjjh kfj plãs.

¸Añch sf trlgscbtfg fsths laufrkhs lj Fstlkh, rfsphgslejf kf bcpjfcfgtlr cfkbkls8

Mly ugl plrtbabplabñg lcpjblkf cfkbhs quf trlgscbtfg jhslaufrkhs l jls fgtbklkfs ouefrgl-cfgtljfs y l jl hpbgbñg pþejbal.

Yhr htrh jlkh, pfrshgljbklkfs ah-ch cbgbstrhs lsbstfg, f bgajushcuamls vfafs ajlusurl fj fvfgthfj cbsch Yrfsbkfgtf. Jhs tfcls

tâagbahs, shabljfs, fahgñcbahs, ph-jãtbahs, tfrcbglg sbfgkh bg`hrcl-khs l trlvâs kf jl prfgsl.

¸Fj tfcl kf rfkuaabñg kf ahsths kfefrì sfr kfeltbkh fg fj fvfgth8

Fj kfajbvf kf jhs prfabhs kf jhscftljfs, quf fs ljoh quf gh ahg-

trhjlchs, y jl rfkuaabñg kf ahsthsphr plrtf kf jls fcprfsls shgkhs vlrblejfs bcphrtlgtfs fggufstrl bgkustrbl. Ylrl fg`rfgtlrfjjh gfafsbtlchs sfr ug plãs ahc-pftbtbvh. Kfj cbsch chkh, fj tbfc-ph quf kfchrl jl plrljbzlabñg kfug prhyfath, l alusl kf kfchrlfg trìcbtfs h ahg`jbatbvbklk shablj,

tfrcbglg ̀ hrclgkh plrtf bgtforlj

kf jhs ahsths kfj prhyfath. Gh sh-jh sf fvljþlg jhs ahsths hpfrltbvhssbgh tlcebâg jhs quf sf ofgfrlgphr tbfcphs bgsucbkhs.

¸\uâ ahgsfnh sf jf pufkf klr l ug fstukblgtf quf lsbstf l su prbcfr YFUVCBG8

YFUVCBG pufkf sfr plrtf kfjlprfgkbzlnf kf jhs fstukblgtfs. Yh-krìg laafkfr l fqubphs, tfaghjh-oãls gufvls, bgsuchs y ahg`frfg-abls tâagbals quf, kf thkls clgf-rls, kfefg ahghafr. Arffchs quffg jl plrtf lalkâcbal tbfgfg qufsfr bgajubkhs fstf tbph kf fvfgthsplrl pfrcbtbr lj fstukblgtf lerbrsus mhrbzhgtfs, ahghabfgkh rfljb-

klkfs kb`frfgtfs y phsbebjbtlgkh jlbgtfrrfjlabñg ahg prh`fsbhgljfs kfcuamhs juolrfs kfj cugkh quflaukfg lj fvfgth, y quf nustlcfg-

tf fstìg lmã ahg fj cbsch henftbvh>lprfgkfr f bgtfralceblr bkfls.Htrh tfcl bcphrtlgtf fs fj ABFCBG(Ahgorfsh Bgtfrglabhglj kf Fstu-kblgtfs kf Bgofgbfrãl kf Cbgls).Fstf fsplabh jfs pfrcbtf bgtfralc-eblr sus prhpbls fxpfrbfgabls y la-afkfr l phsbebjbklkfs kf fcpjfhfg jl ̀ frbl jlehrlj. Jhs lyukl l br-sf ̀lcbjblrbzlgkh ahg jhs phtfgabl-jfs afgtrhs jlehrljfs y kf prìatb-als.

LA[VLJBKLKCBGFUL

Qb shchs ug plãs cbgfrh, ̧ phr quâ fj abuklklgh kf l pbf gh rfahghaf jl bcphrtlgabl fahgñcbal y shablj kf jl bgkustrbl fg gufstrh plãs8

Jl cbgfrãl gh fstì bgsfrtl fgjls urefs. Fs cuamh cìs kb`ãabjahghafr y rfahghafr lqufjjh qufsf tbfgf l jl kbstlgabl. Fs cìs ̀ ìabjquf ghs ahghzalg jls phejlabhgfsljrfkfkhr kf jhs afgtrhs cbgfrhs.\ubzìs mlaf `ljtl ljoh quf sbfc-prf ghs mlg arbtbalkh> jl ahcugb-alabñg.

Qbg fcelroh, arfh quf fg fj`hgkh fj plãs sã rfahghaf jl bc-phrtlgabl kf jl cbgfrãl plrl suprhpbh kfslrrhjjh. Ufabfgtfcfgtfjhs bcpufsths y fj alghg sf mlgrfkuabkh, jh quf ofgfrñ ugl prfh-auplabñg fg jl ofgtf quf gh rfab-

ebñ jhs cbschs prfsupufsths kfjlüh lgtfrbhr. Fstl prfhauplabñgfs ug ãgkbaf kf quf rfljcfgtf sãmly ugl ahgabfgabl alelj kf quf

shchs ug lathr bcphrtlgtf fg jlfahghcãl kfj plãs. Fjjh gh suphgfkhrcbrsf fg gufstrhs jlurfjfs gpfgslr ahg lrrholgabl. [hkh jhahgtrlrbh. Fstf fs ug rhj quf tfgfchs quf lsucbr ahg mucbjklk yahg kfkbalabñg, phrquf jl þgbal`hrcl fg quf phklchs klr jh cf

nhr kf jl bgkustrbl lj plãs fs ahgf`babfgabl.

Latuljcfgtf khs cbjjhgfs kpfrulghs kfpfgkfg kfj kfslrrhjjh cbgfrh fg fj Yfrþ.

Gh kfefchs pfrcbtbr quf f vlaãh kf jl bgkustrbl, sbogb`bquf u vlaãh fg gbgougl zhgl kfj plãsLquã cf fsthy rf`brbfgkh l Alnl

clral ahgarftlcfgtf. Fstl rfobñg punlgtf sf fgaufgtrl fg rfafsbñg, l ahgsfaufgabl kf jhs ahg`jbaths quf ahghafchs, y quf bcpbkbfrhg fj kfslrrhjjh kf ug prh

yfath. Alnlclral fs jl þgbal rfobñg quf gh ml arfabkh l jl plrquf fj rfsth kfj plãs.

Yfrh lmhrl mly ug alcebh kfkbsaursh.

Lmhrl rfabâg. Fs kurh lprfgkfr jfaabhgfs lsã. Ahch cbgfrhsgh mly cuamh quf phklchs mlafr, pfrh ahch plãs kfefchs fvb

tlr quf jhs ahg`jbaths bcpbklg fkfslrrhjjh glabhglj, auljqubfrlsfl jl bgkustrbl. [hkh lqufjjh qufghs trlbol kfslrrhjjh kfef sfrlphylkh y ebfgvfgbkh.

Yrfhaupl fj kâ`babt kf prh`fsbhgljfs tâagbahs quf fj sfathrkfclgkl. Fg fsf sfgtbkh, ¸Vstfk arff quf mly ug kbvhrabh fgtrf fcprfsl y ugbvfrsbklk8

Rh gh arfh quf mlyl ug kbvhrabh. Qbg fcelroh, gh mly quf hjvbklrghs kf jl gfafsbklk kf prh`fsbhgljfs tâagbahs fg kb`frfgtfs fspfabljbklkfs, quf cuamls vfafsfs fsalsh. Fg cb hpbgbñg, arfh qufjhs pfr`bjfs fg fj aurrãaujh plrl jl`hrclabñg kf prh`fsbhgljfs tâagahs y ugbvfrsbtlrbhs tfgkrãlg quffstlr cìs lkfaulkhs l jls latuljfs gfafsbklkfs kf gufstrl bgkus

trbl y kf jls bgkustrbls fg ofgfrljQf gfafsbtl ugl clyhr ahcugbalabñg fgtrf jls fcprfsls y jl lalkfcbl plrl jjfolr l ug pufrth ahcþg, lgljbzlgkh quâ fs jh quf vl

chs l kfclgklr ahch bgkustrblslafraìgkhghs l jhs quf sf kfefh`rfafr ahch prh`fsbhgljfs y ahch tâagbahs.

Ufspfath l jl sbtulabñg kf Alnlclral, jlcfgtñ quf sfl jl þgbal rfobñg quf gml arfabkh l jl plr l htrls fg fj plãs. ‚Ahch plãs kfefchs fvbtlr quf jhs ahg`jbaths bcpbklg fj kfslrrhjjh glabhglj, auljqubfrl sfl jl bgkustrbl–, sfüljñ.




Jl cftljurobl pfrulgl tbfgf ugl abtl bcpfrkbejf fgfj pfgþjtbch cfs kfj lüh.Kfj < lj 1 kf fsf cfs, jlAìclrl kf Ahcfrabh kfJbcl sfrì sfkf kfj BB Fg-aufgtrh Bgtfrglabhglj kfCftljurobl (FFBCY), khg-kf cìs kf 59 ahg`frfg-abls clobstrljfs, 56 trl-elnhs tâagbahs y ugl fxmb-ebabñg tâagbah-ahcfrablj,sf ahgvfrtbrìg fg fj fspl-abh bkflj plrl ahcplrtbr fx-pfrbfgabls y kfeltbr lafr-al kf jhs kfsl ã̀hs kf jl cf-

tljurobl pfrulgl.

Kfebkh l jl eufgl lahob-kl quf tuvh jl vfrsbñg kfjlüh plslkh, jl ahgsujthrlBgtfrcft kfabkbñ rfpjbalr jlfxpfrbfgabl, plrl jh auljahgorfoñ fg ug ahcbtâ hr-olgbzlkhr l ofrfgtfs kfprhafshs y supfrbgtfgkfg-

tfs kf pjlgtl kf jls prbg-abpljfs hpfrlabhgfs cbgf-rls, lsã ahch l jhs rfsphg-slejfs kf prhyfaths cbgf-rhs lvlgzlkhs.

Kbvfrshs tfcls ahch fjYrhafslcbfgth kf Cbgfrl-jfs, Ebh f Mbkrhcftljurobl,Ybrhcftljurobl, Clgfnh kfrfjlvfs y loul, clgfnh kf

fcbsbhgfs y f b̀abfgabl fgfr-oâtbal, fgtrf htrhs, sf prf-sfgtlrìg y kbsautbrìg fgfstf fgaufgtrh, quf jjfvlphr tãtujh ‚Yjlgtls y Yrh-afshs–.

‚Yjlgtls y Yrhafshs59<1 fs jl ahg`frfgablkhgkf jhs prh`fsbhgljfskf hpfrlabñg, clgtfgb-cbfgth, prhyfaths y kbsf-üh, ofrfgtfs kf hpfrlabh-gfs, bgofgbfrhs kf pjlgfl-cbfgth, cftljurobstls fbgofgbfrhs kf prhafshs,prhvffkhrfs kf fqubphs yahgsujthrfs pufkfg prf-sfgtlr y rfvbslr jhs kfsl-rrhjjhs fg fj kbsfüh kf pjlgtls cftljþrobals y hptbcb-zlabñg kf hpfrlabhgfs. Jlahg`frfgabl y fxmbebabñg

h`rfafrì bg`hrclabñg vbtljsherf ug rlgoh lcpjbh kfprhafshs y cftljfs, y fx-afjfgtfs hphrtugbklkfsplrl kbsausbhgfs y rfkfskf ahgtlath fgtrf luth-rfs, fxmbebkhrfs y lsbstfgtfs–, clgb`fstñ Kfrfd El-rrlt, Yrfsbkfgtf kfj BB FBCY.

Jl hrolgbzlabñg bgkbañquf fxpfrths kf tljjl cug-kblj prhafkfgtfs kf Algl-kì, Lustrljbl, VQL, Ambjf,

Cftljurobl pfrulgl sf rfugbrì fg ghvbfcerfEusalgkh `hrtljfafr fj bgtfralcebh fgtrf prh`fsbhgljfs rfjlabhglkhs lj prhafslcbfgth kf cbgfrljfsy jl cftljurobl fxtrlatbvl, jjfol fj BB Fgaufgtrh Bgtfrglabhglj kf Cftljurobl, Yjlgtls y Yrhafshs 59<1.

Câxbah, Yfrþ, sf fg`hal-rìg fg jhs lspfaths prìatb-ahs kf kbsfüh, fstukbhs kf`latbebjbklk, ofhcftljur-obl, sfjfaabñg kf fqubphs

y kf prhafshs (plrl prhyfaths orffg`bfjk, erhwg-`bfjk y kf fxplgsbñg), ahgs-

truaabñg, ahcbsbhglcbfgth

y cfnhrls fg jls hpfrlabh-gfs y prhafshs.

Ljoughs kf jhs ahg`f-rfgabstls ahg`brclkhsshg> @ltmb Mlelsmb kf Al-glkì, fxpfrth fg cftljur-obl fxtrlatbvl4 Klvbk Krfb-sbgofr, kf jl Vgbvfsbty h`

Erbtbsm Ahjucebl4 NhrofCfglamh, fxpfrth ambjfghfg chkfjlcbfgth cltfcì-

tbah kf prhafshs4 Nlcfs@bgam, Yrfsbkfgtf kfj BCYA59<04 Ulgkhjpm Qamf``fj,luthrbklk fg ahgstruaabñgkf pbjls y clgfnh kf shju-abhgfs kf jbxbvblabñg.

Fstl abtl jjfol kfebkh l jl eufgl lahobkl quf tuvh jl prbcfrl vfrsbñg,rfljbzlkl fg hatuerf kfj lüh plslkh fg fj Mhtfj Qmfrlthg.



?9 Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Ufl`brclgkh su ahcprh-cbsh kf sfrvbabh l jl cbgfrãlpfrulgl, Fgfrohtfa mbzh fgtrfol kf ugl orþl tfjfsañpbalchkfjh U[ 66 l jl fcprfslQhutmfrg Yfru Ahppfr Ahrph-rltbhg.

@lerbalkh phr Ojhelj Arl-gfs kf jhs FF.VV., rfprfsfg-

tlgtf fg fj Yfrþ phr Fgfroh- tfa, fstf fqubph, ahg ugl al-plabklk ghcbglj kf 66 [C,

Fgfrohtfa fgtrfol jl prbcfrl orþl ojhelj kfj Yfrþfs fj prbcfr fnfcpjlr kf su tbph fg jjfolr l gufstrh plãs.

Jl orþl fs luthprhpujslklphr khs fnfs, tbph rhuom tfrrlbg(thkh tfrrfgh), ahg fxtfgsbñgcìxbcl kf pjucl kf 1; c ypjucãg (nbe) lkbabhglj fxtfgsb-ejf kf <9-<? c. Jls orþlsOjhelj vbfgfg fstìgklr ahg

chthr Auccbgs, trlgscbsbñgKlgl, fnfs Dfssjfr y sbstfclkf ahgtrhj kf alrol Orffr.

Jl orþl tfjfsañpbal U[66`uf kbsfülkl fg FF.VV. y fg-slcejlkl phr ^hhcjbhg fgAmbgl.

Ahg ug fqubph ahcpjfth kfbgofgbfrhs, fj sfrvbabh y fj pfr-shglj kf vfgtls fg Yfrþ, jlfcprfsl sf fg`hal fg ltfg-kfr jls gfafsbklkfs kf jl bg-

kustrbl cbgfrl ahg bgghvl-abñg, bg`hrclabñg sherf prh-kuaths y shphrtf.

Ahg fstl vfgtl sf kfcufstrl quf fj fqubph kf Fgfroh- tfa sf kfkbal l fgahgtrlr fjprhkuath lkfaulkh plrl jlsgfafsbklkfs kf sus ajbfgtfs y, lkfcìs, lyukl l lsfourlrjl ̀ bglgablabñg plrl fj plquf- tf thtlj kf jl ahcprl. Alefsfüljlr quf fj sfrvbabh ghlalel ahg jl vfgtl. Yhr fj ahg-

trlrbh, jl fcprfsl sbouf h`rf-abfgkh ahgsujthrãl, `hrclabñg y shphrtf.

Fxajusbvh chkfjh sf kbrbof l trlelnlr lj sur, l jls hpfrlabhgfs kf Qhutmfrg Yfru Ahppfr.

QHEUFOJHELJ AULGFQ

Fcprfsl fstlkhugbkfgsfahg pfrspfatbvl ojhelj sherf jls gfafsbklkfs kfj cfralkh kf orþls. Aufgtl ahg<99 lühs kf fxpfrbfgabl fgfstf sfathr, y ug clralkhahcprhcbsh phr h`rfafr jls

cfnhrfs orþls ahg vljhrfs bgouljlejfs phr jl ahcpftfgabl.




Fj trlkbabhglj kbstrbth cb-gfrh kf Qlg Bsbkrh sf phg-krì kf pbf fj prñxbch ; kfhatuerf plrl trbeutlr ug

cfrfabkh mhcfglnf l jhspbhgfrhs cbgfrhs kf lyfr,mhy y sbfcprf, sbg auyh sl-arb`babh y kfkbalabñg fj Yfrþgh sfrãl jh quf fs lmhrl>ugl glabñg punlgtf quf sffgalcbgl lj kfslrrhjjh.

Fj fvfgth fs hrolgbzlkhphr jls Fsaufjls kf Bgof-gbfrãl Ofhjñobal, Cbgfrl,Cftljþrobal, Ofhorì`bal,Abvbj y Lcebfgtlj kf jl Vgb- vfrsbklk Glabhglj Clyhrkf Qlg Clrahs (VGCQC),auyh kfalgh fs fj Kr. Alr-jhs Alerfrl, y jl AìclrlNugbhr kf Cbgfrãl kfj Yf-rþ, quf prfsbkf fj Bgo. Cl-

gufj N. Alerfrl. Lcels bgstbtuabhgfs shg jls lrtã`bafskf fstf ‚BB Fgaufgtrh kfFcprfgkfkhrfs CbgfrhsYfrulghs–, quf sf rfljbzl-rì fj vbfrgfs ; kf hatuerfkfj 59<1, fg fj Lukbthrbhkfj Afgtrh Aujturlj Fj Hjbvlrkf Qlg Bsbkrh.

Jl halsbñg sfrvbrì plrlmhcfglnflr y rfahghafr l

jhs Fcprfgkfkhrfs Cbgf-rhs Yfrulghs, quf ahg sufs`ufrzh y vbsbñg mlg ofgf-rlkh ugl aujturl fcprfsl-

rblj cbgfrl quf ml pfrcbtb-kh bcpujslr fj kfslrrhjjhshabh fahgñcbah kfj Yfrþahg fj efgf`babh kf cuamlsphejlabhgfs ljth-lgkbgls,khgkf jls hpfrlabhgfs cb-gfrls sf vbfgfg kfslrrh-jjlgkh fxbthslcfgtf, kfs-kf jl kâalkl kf jhs 69 kfjsbojh ]].

Qf prfcblrì l jhs kfstl-alkhs bgofgbfrhs> LjefrthEfglvbkfs kf jl \ubgtlgl,Yfkrh Erfabl Al`frltl,Oubkh kfj Alstbjjh, FgrbqufEhzl, Ofrwfr AlcpfrhFjãls, Jubs Yljlabhs Pljkb- vbfsh, Nhrof Mulcìg Pf-

jlsah, Afjsh QhthclrbghAmìvfz, Kbfoh Efglvbkfs y Nhrof L. Olghzl, qubf-gfs mlg kfkbalkh jl orlgplrtf kf sus vbkls l kfsl-rrhjjlr prhyfaths y cbglsfg fj Yfrþ.

Jl Hrolgbzlabñg NuvfgbjBG[FOUL R LYUFGKF qufprfsbkf Klgbfj N. Alerfrl,

Fg fvfgth hrolgbzlkh phr jl VGCQC y jl Aìclrl Nugbhr kf

QLG BQBKUH UFGKBUÌ MHCFGLNF L JHQ FCYUFGKFKHU

plrtbabpl fg âstf mhcfglnf

y rfahghabcbfgth, ahg jllsbstfgabl kf fstukblgtfskfj ;th. lüh kf sfaugklrblkf thkhs jhs Ahjfobhs kfQlg Bsbkrh, plrl quf jhs nñ- vfgfs rfabelg fj tfstbchgbhkf prbcfrl clgh kf qubf-gfs kfkbalrhg su vbkl ahgug orlg fs`ufrzh tfshgfrhplrl mlafr kfj Yfrþ ug plãsalkl vfz cìs kfslrrhjjlkh y prñspfrh.

Ljefrth Efglvbkfs kf jl \ubgtlgl. Yfkrh Erfsabl Al``frltl. Oubkh Kfj Alstbjjh Famfolrly.

[lcebâg plrtbabplrìg jhs

fstukblgtfs kfj =vh. Abajhkf jls kbvfrsls fsaufjls kfbgofgbfrãl kf jl VGCQC pl-rl l`brclr fj fspãrbtu fc-prfgkfkhr quf fstl alslkf fstukbhs bgaujal fg th-khs fjjhs.

Fj BGOFCCF[, prfsbkbkhphr jl Bgo. Quslgl Pbjal Lamltl, mlrì fgtrfol kfcltfrbljfs l jhs fstukblg-

tfs bgvbtlkhs plrl lyuklr

jhs l ahghafr cfnhr fj rbah phtfgablj cbgfrh kfYfrþ. Lkfcìs, prfsfgtlrìugl Amlrjl Clobstrlj sherf fj ush y lpjbalabñg kfOFHAL[CBG, plrl qubfgfsqubfrlg bgaursbhglr fg ffcprfgkbcbfgth cbgfrh.

Fj Kr. Ulþj Algtfjjl Qljlvfrry, Ljaljkf kfj kbstrbthkf Qlg Bsbkrh, klrì jls pl




?1

frãl kfj Yfrþ

CBGFUHQ KFJ YFUÞ

Afjsh Qhthclrbgh Amìvfz. Fgrbquf Ehzl.

Fj lukbthrbh kfj Afgtrh Aujturlj Fj Hjbvlr sfrì fj fsafglrbh fg fj quf sf mhcfglnflrì l jhs cbgfrhs-pbhgfrhs quf mlg mfamh kfj Yfrþ ug plãs cìs orlgkf orlabls l su cbgfrãl.

Nhrof L. Olghzl.

Kbfoh Efglvbkfs.

Jubs Yljlabhs.

Ofrwfr Alcpfrh.

Nhrof Mulcìg Pfjlsah.

rls kf ebfgvfgbkl, l tlg

trfs fcprfgkfkhrfs cb-hs pfrulghs.

Qf aurslrlg bgvbtlabhgfsls kbvfrsls luthrbkl-s kfj Fnfautbvh y kfj Jf-ltbvh, plrl quf jl prf-

gabl kfj Fstlkh, l`brcfvhjugtlk kf sfoubr bc-slgkh fj kfslrrhjjh cb-h kfj Yfrþ, ahg phjãtbalsfstlebjbklk jfolj, trbeu-l fg ug lcebfgtf sh-, shjbklrbh ahg ugl Cbgf-rfsphgslejf fg rfjlabñgahgsfrvlabñg kfj cfkbh

ebfgtf y kf jl bgajusbñgablj.




‑ BGOFCCF[ lgugabñ ugl bgvfr- sbñg kf Q/. <9.? cbjjhgfs fg fqubphs kf þjtbcl ofgfrlabñg plrl jhs sboubfgtfs lühs. ̧ Qf mlrì f`fatbvl fg jh quf qufkl kf fstf tfrafr trbcfstrf h sf rfljbzlrì fg fj aulrth trbcfstrf8 ̧ \uâ fqubphs prbgabpljcfgtf shg jhs quf bgtfrfslg

cìs8 Ylrl fj prfsfgtf lüh, sf fg-aufgtrl fg prhafsh jl lkqubsbabñgkf fqubphs phr ug vljhr thtlj lprh-

xbclkh quf supfrl jhs ; cbjjhgfskf gufvhs shjfs, sbfgkh jhs prbgab-pljfs fqubphs l sfr lkqubrbkhs> Fs-pfatrñcftrh bg`rlrrhnh plrl cbgf-rljfs hplahs, Qbscñcftrh kbobtljkf elgkl lgaml, Arhcltñorl`h Jã-qubkh kf Ljth Ufgkbcbfgth MYJAplrl Fspfablabñg, Fqubph kf Ufsbs-

tbvbklk (Ufafpabñg BY) y ug OYQ Kb-`frfgablj.

Ylrl fj lüh 59<; sf tbfgf pjl-gb`balkh ahgtbgulr ahg jl lkqubsb-abñg kf fqubphs l ̀ bg kf bcpjfcfg-

tlr jhs jlehrlthrbhs, sbfgkh jhs sb-oubfgtfs>q Jlehrlthrbh kf \uãcbal.- Arh-cltñorl`h bñgbah, Mhrgh kf ̀ ugkb-

abñg y ahpfjlabñg, Lobtlkhr kf vlb- vâg ahg rlads plrl Frjfgcfyfrskf 69 cj, Arhclthorl`ãl Jãqubklkf Ljtl F`balabl (MYJA), Mhrgh cb-arhhgkls plrl kbofstbñg (lgìjbsbskf cftljfs thtljfs fg louls).q Jlehrlthrbh kf Yftrhcbgfrl- jhoãl.- Cbarhsahpbh Fjfatrñgbah kfElrrbkh y Fspfatrñcftrh Bg`rlrrhnhplrl Cbgfrljfs Hplahs.q Jlehrlthrbh kf Ulyhs ].- Fqub-ph plrl lgìjbsbs phr Kb`rlaabñg kfUlyhs ] y Fqubph plrl lgìjbsbs phr@juhrfsafgabl kf Ulyhs ].q Jlehrlthrbh kf Yrfplrlabñg kf Cufstrls.- Qbstfcl Fxtrlathrkf phjvhs.‑ Kfskf clyh fstìg rf`hrcujlgkh su Yjlg Fstrltâobah Bgstbtu-

abhglj. L jl `faml, ¸fg quâ phrafgtlnf sf fgaufgtrl lvlgzlkh fstf trlelnh y auìj fs jl prhyfaabñg plrl su aujcbglabñg8

Fs plrtbr kfskf fj cfs kf clyhquf mfchs bgbablkh fj prhafsh kflatuljbzlabñg kfj Yjlg FstrltâobahBgstbtuabhglj 59<1-595<, ahg cb-

rls lj Yjlg Ebafgtfglrbh, ahg jl ̀ b-gljbklk kf phgfrghs l jl vlgoulr-kbl kf jls gufvls kfclgkls kfjpþejbah usulrbh y kf jl shabfklkojhelj.

Fg kbamh khaucfgth sf vbfgfg`hrcujlgkh jhs jbgflcbfgths sherfjhs auìjfs jl Bgstbtuabñg kfefrì ab-cfgtlr sus henftbvhs y fstrltfobls,ljbgflkhs l ugl Pbsbñg quf bgspbrf,chtbvf y ahcprhcftl l jl Bgstbtu-abñg l ahgtrbeubr ahg jl bgvfrsbñgcbgfrl fg fj plãs, kfgtrh kfj clr-ah kfj kfslrrhjjh shstfgbejf.

Latuljcfgtf ghs fgahgtrlchslprhxbclklcfgtf fg ug 09% kflvlgaf. Fstf trlelnh kfef fstlrahgajuyfgkh fg fj cfs kf hatuerfkfj prfsfgtf lüh.‑ L quâ gfafsbklk h kfclgkl rfsphgkf jl bgbabltbvl kf bgtforlr

jhs altlstrhs cbgfrhs, rurlj y urelgh. ¸Auìj fs su bcphrtlgabl8 Fj BGOFCCF[ ̀ hrcl plrtf kfj

Ahgsfnh Kbrfatbvh y kf jl Qfarftl-rãl [âagbal kfj prhyfath ‚Altlstrhkf Yrfkbhs Bgtforlkh lj Ufobstrh–quf prhcufvf jl fstlgklrbzlabñgkf arbtfrbhs fgtrf jls cugbabpljbkl-kfs, AH@HYUB y QVGLUY plrl ahg-

tlr ahg ug altlstrh latuljbzlkh kfprfkbhs urelghs, prfkbhs lorãah-jls y kf ahcugbklkfs alcpfsbgls

y gltbvls.Jl Jfy G¹ 5=52; kf nujbh kf

599; arfl fj Qbstfcl Glabhglj Bg- tforlkh kf Altlstrh y su Pbgaujl-abñg ahg fj Ufobstrh kf Yrfkbhs,ahg jl `bgljbklk kf rfoujlr jl bgtf-orlabñg y ugb`balabñg kf jhs fstìg-

klrfs, ghcfgajlturl y prhafshs tâagbahs kf jls kb`frfgtfs fgtbkl-kfs ofgfrlkhrls kf altlstrh fgfj plãs.‑ BGOFCCF[ fs ugl bgstbtuabñg rfahghabkl phr su lphrtf l jl bg- vfstbolabñg abfgtã`bal. ̧ \uâ sf fgaufgtrlg kfslrrhjjlgkh fg fsf sfgtbkh8

Latuljcfgtf Bgofccft vbfgfkfslrrhjjlgkh ug lelgbah kf prh-

yfaths, jhs auljfs ahrrfsphgkfg ljls Kbrfaabhgfs kf Jãgfl kf Ofhjh-oãl. Fgtrf fjjhs kfstlalg>q Latuljbzlabñg kf Alrtl Ofhjñ- obal Glabhglj l fsaljl <>69,999,jl aulj fs ugl fsaljl l clyhr kf-

tljjf y erbgkl clyhr bg`hrclabñgahg rfspfth l jl ofhjhoãl eìsbal.q Hesfrvlthrbh Pujalghjñobah kfj BGOFCCF[. fg fj prfsfgtflüh mfchs arflkh fj Hesfrvlthrbh

Pujalghjñobah kfj BGOFCCF[ (HPB)ahg sfkf fg jl abuklk kf Lrfqub-pl. Fj HPB fs ug Afgtrh kf Fstukbhs

y Pbobjlgabl bgtfrkbsabpjbglrbh kf jhs vhjalgfs latbvhs kfj sur kfj Yfrþ,auyh prhpñsbth fs kftfrcbglr jlprhelebjbklk kf haurrfgabl kf uglfrupabñg vhjaìgbal fg auljqubfrl kfjhs sbftf vhjalgfs kfj sur pfrulgh4lsã ahch tlcebâg fvljulr jhs tbphskf pfjborhs vhjaìgbahs l quf fstìgsunfths jhs phejlkhs jhaljbzlkhs fgbgcfkblabhgfs kf jhs vhjalgfs la-

tbvhs fg elsf l fstukbhs ofhjñob-ahs y lgìjbsbs fspfabljbzlkhs y prh-phrabhglr ljfrtls hphrtugls l jl sh-abfklk sherf jl latbvbklk vhjaìgbalbgcbgfgtf, l ̀ bg kf rfkuabr fj rbfs-oh kf kfslstrf fg fj sur kfj pl ãs.q Ufk kf Chgbthrfh Lpjbalkh lj Alcebh Ajbcìtbah, fs ug prh-

yfath quf ahgsbstf fg bgvfstbolr fj

‚QHJBAB[LCHQ VG YUFQVYVFQ[H KF Q/. 0<.6 CBJJHGFQ YLUL CHKFUGB^LABFj Bgstbtuth Ofhjñobah, Cbgfrh y Cftljþrobah kfj Yfrþ (BGOFCCF[) afjferñ su 1;˞ lgbvfrslrbh fj plslkh <6 kf lobcphrtlgtfs lgugabhs kf fsf kãl, fgtrfvbstlchs l jl Bgo. Quslgl Pbjal, Yrfsbkfgtl kf jl bgstbtuabñg, qubfg rfvcbjjhgfs fg fqubphs, jl sbtulabñg kfj Yjlg Fstrltâobah Bgstbtuabhglj, jl bgtforlabñg kfj altlstrh cbgfrh, rurlj

rfobstrh ojlablj kfj alcebh ajbcìtb-ah y ugl kf jls fstrltfobls kf jlbgvfstbolabñg ml ahgsbstbkh fg kf-slrrhjjlr y clgtfgfr ugl rfk kfsfgshrfs kf tfcpfrlturl y mucf-klk rfjltbvl lj lbrf y lj sufjh fg fjAmlamlgb y fg fj Gfvlkh kf Ahrh-pugl. Vgh kf jhs efgf`babhs kfjprhyfath fs jl ofgfrlabñg kf uglelsf kf klths kf orlg bgtfrâs pl-rl jl hesfrvlabñg kfj alcebh ajb-cìtbah l fsaljl rfobhglj y ojhelj ykf lyukl fg jl kftfrcbglabñg kfjrbfsoh fg jhs vhjalgfs kf Lrfqubpl.q Yfrcl`rhst. L plrtbr kfj59<;, y ahg jl ahjlehrlabñg kfjVgbvfrsbklk Ahcpjutfgsf kf Cl-krbk (VAC) y Vgbvfrsbklk kf Ljls-dl (VL@) sf fcprfgkfrìg trlelnhsplrl kfjbcbtlr y auebalr fj mljjlzohkf pfrcl`rhst fg fj Phjaìg Aml-amlgb, lsã ahch fcprfgkfr kltl-abhgfs y fgslyhs kf jlehrlthrbh,kbamhs trlelnhs l rfljbzlr sfrìgahg ̀ bgfs kf ahlkyuvlr l jl prfsfr-

vlabñg y/h ofstbñg kf jhs rfaurshsmãkrbahs.q Yrhspfaabñg kf LGLY»s. Fjprhyfath ahgsbstf fg rfljbzlr fstu-kbhs kf prhspfaabñg cbgfrl jhaljfg jls Ìrfls kf Gh Lkcbsbñg kfYftbthrbhs- LGLY. Ylrl fj prfsfgtflüh sf tbfgf pjlgflkh trlelnlr fjìrfl kf Quplrlurl < y 1 kf Lgtl-elcel, fj aulj sf fgaufgtrl ueb-alkh fg jl rfobñg kf Lpurãcla, Qlg-

tl Uhsl fg Chqufoul y fj ìrfl kfAmlplrrl fg Lrfqubpl. Fstf prhyfa-

th sf fgclral fg fj jbgflcbfgthbgstbtuabhglj kf fstukbh kfj Yhtfg-ablj y [bphs kf ylabcbfgths kfj Yf-rþ. Fj henftbvh fs fvljulr jl fxbstfg-abl kf ug phsbejf prhspfath cbgf-rh y su phtfgablj fahgñcbah fg fj

LGLY.q Fstukbh Ofhlcebfgtlj f Mbkrhofhjñobah kf jl Ufobñg Yugh

Kbamhs fstukbhs pfrcbtbrìg kftfrcbglr fj phtfgablj mbkrhofhjñobahfstlejfafr jl Jãgfl Elsf Lcebfg

tlj y l su vfz rfljbzlr fj bgvfgtlrbkf plsbvhs lcebfgtljfs, lsã ahch

tlcebâg kftfrcbglr jl susafptbebjklk l jhs pfjborhs ofhjñobahs qufprfsfgtl kbaml rfobñg. Fj henftbvhfs quf fj fstukbh sbrvl ahch mfrrlcbfgtl quf pfrcbtl lpjbalrsffg jl pjlgb`balabñg rfobhglj.q Fstukbhs kf Ubfsohs Ofhjñobahs fg jls rfobhgfs kf Lrfqubpl, Ausah, Yugh y ChqufoulJl prhpfgsbñg kf ugl zhgl kfj tfrrbthrbh l sfr l`fatlkl phr pfjborhsofhjñobahs, pufkf klrsf fg aulqubfr chcfgth y juolr kf laufrkhl sus alrlatfrãstbals bgtrãgsfalsglturljfs y l jhs ̀ lathrfs kfthglg

tfs quf bg`juyfg sherf âstl (sbschs, jjuvbls, latbvbklk muclgl)Jl bg`hrclabñg ofhjñobal ofgfrlkl phr BGOFCCF[ fs ugl mfrrlcbfgtl eìsbal kf orlg bcphrtlgabl plrl jl shabfklk, kfebkh lj lgìjbsbs quf rfljbzl fg zhgls susafptejfs l `fgñcfghs ofhjñobahs qufpufkfg ofgfrlr kfslstrfs. Yhr fjjhfstl bg`hrclabñg ahgtrbeuyf fg jlofstbñg kfj rbfsoh kf kfslstrfs, jlpjlgb`balabñg kfj ush kfj tfrrbthrbh

y l jl cfnhrl kf jls ahgkbabhgfs kf vbkl y kfslrrhjjh kf jls rfobhgfsq Clgulj kf Bgvfgtlrbh kf Ufaurshs Cbgfrljfs y Clgulj kfFvljulabñg kfj Yhtfgablj Cbgfrh. Fj BGOFCCF[ l trlvâs kf jl Kbrfaabñg kf Ufaurshs Cbgfrljfs yFgfroâtbahs ml fjlehrlkh khs khaucfgths kf alrìatfr tâagbah ghr

Bgo. Pbjal lgugabñ bgvfrsbñg kf Q/.<9.?

cbjjhgfs fg chkfrghsfqubphs tfaghjñobahs,kf jhs auljfs ; cbjjhgfs sf bgvfrtbrìg fstf lüh.Yhr htrh jlkh,bg`hrcñ quf sf fgaufgtrl fg prhafshkf bcpjfcfgtlabñg kfprhyfaths fg fj clrah kfj Qbstfcl Glabhglj kf BgvfrsbñgYþejbal - QGBY.

Htrh lgugabh bcphrtlgtf ̀ uf jl bgtforlabñg kfj altlstrh cbgfrh, urelgh y rurlj ahch plrtf kfj prhyfath ‚Altlstrh kf Yrfkbhs Bgtforlkh lj Ufobstrh– quf prhcufvf jl fstlgklrbzlabñg kf arbtfrbhs fgtrf jls cugbabpljbklkfs, AH@HYUB y QVGLUY.




??

[FAGHJÑOBAL–Eusalgkh kftljjlr jhsfrsbhgfs phr Q/. <9.?gh, fgtrf htrhs.

vh quf ahgtbfgfg, fgtrf htrhs ls-hs, jls kf`bgbabhgfs tfñrbals y hpfrl-ljfs fg cltfrbl kf bgvfgtlrbh y fvl-bñg kfghcbglkhs ‚Clgulj kf Bgvfg-h kf Ufaurshs Cbgfrljfs– y fj ‚Cl-kf Fvljulabñg kfj Yhtfgablj Cbgfrh–.

Fj vbafcbgbstrh kf Fgfroãl y Cbgls,jfrch Qmbggh, kfstlañ quf fj BG-

CCF[ fs jl alrtl prfsfgtlabñg kfj þ fg fvfgths bgtfrglabhgljfs. ̧ \uâ cfgtlrbh jf cfrfaf8

jjh fstì rfjlabhglkh lj mfamh qufFCCF[ fg fstf tbph kf fvfgthsstrl y kbùgkf bg`hrclabñg latuljbzl-fjlabhglkl l bgvfstbolabhgfs ofhjñ-s y kf ahgafsbhgfs cbgfrls, ahch

cfgths eìsbahs plrl jl thcl kf kf-gfs kf prhyfaths ahrrfsphgkbfgtfsathr, ofstbñg phstfrbhr kf pfrcbshs,rbzlabhgfs y htrhs quf fg cuamhs

hs kf`bgf jl bgvfrsbñg cbgfrl fg fj.stl kbùsbñg kf bg`hrclabñg quf rfl-

fj BGOFCCF[ ahg rfspfath l bgvfs-abñg ofhjñobal y kf ahgafsbhgfs cb-ls sf ahcpjfcfgtl l htrl kbstbgtlclabñg kfj sfathr ahch pjlgtls kf

f`babh, trlgsphrtf cbgfrh, prhyfathsfrhs, ìrfls rfstrbgobkls l jl latbvb-cbgfrl (zhgls urelgls, ìrfls gltu-s, zhgls lrqufhjñobals), fgtrf htrhs.j BGOFCCF[ ml bcpjfcfgtlkh vl-`hrcls plrl kbùgkbr fstl bg`hrcl-, sbfgkh fstl bcprfsh y/h kbobtlj lâs kf jl pìobgl wfe kfj BGOFCCF[blgtf fj FXaltlstrh, Ohhojf Flrtm,AL[CBG quf ml hetfgbkh vlrbhs prf-s fg afrtìcfgfs glabhgljfs f bgtfr-hgljfs.

Ylrl tfrcbglr, ¸añch luourl fj <; plrl jl bgstbtuabñg8 j BGOFCCF[ ml prfsfgtlkh lgtf

Cbgbstfrbh kf Fahghcãl y @bglgzlsarfcfgth kfj prfsupufsth plrl fj; kf 62 l 0<.6 cbjjhgfs. Kbamh bg-

cfgth fstì sustfgtlkh fg fj prhaf-f chkfrgbzlabñg tfaghjñobal y prh-hs ofhjñobahs, quf gufstrl bgstbtu-vbfgf bcpjfcfgtlgkh fg fj clrahu rhj ahgafkfgtf y prhchthr kf jlfrãl.Lsã tlcebâg, ghs fgahgtrlchs fgafsh kf bcpjfcfgtlabñg kf prhyfa-fg fj clrah kfj Qbstfcl Glabhgljgvfrsbñg Yþejbal - QGBY. Kbamhs prh-hs ahgtfcpjlg jl lkqubsbabñg kfphs fspfabljbzlkhs ahg tfaghjhoãljtbcl ofgfrlabñg, jh aulj ahgtrbeubrìslrrhjjlr ahg clyhr f`babfgabl jl bg-bolabñg kf jhs rfaurshs cbgfrljfsfroâtbahs kfj plãs4 lsã ahch, l ch-

gbzlr jhs fqubphs kf gufstrhs jlehrl-hs y kfj ìrfl kfj chgbthrfh vhjaìgbahufstrl bgstbtuabñg.

Ahg rfspfath lj rhj bgvfstbolkhr, BG-CCF[ sfoubrì rfljbzlgkh fstukbhs kfstbolabñg l trlvâs kf sus kbrfaabh-kf ofhjhoãl ahch kf jlehrlthrbh,kbhs quf pfrcbtlg lphylr lj kfsl-h fahgñcbah kfj sfathr y kfj pl ãs.



?= Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Uhg Mlvbv y Khghvlg _fes- tfr shg khs ahrrfsphgsljfs kfoufrrl quf sf fcelralg fg ug

vblnf ajlgkfstbgh nugth lj ebñjhohpfrulgh Fgrbquf Hrtbz plrl rf-ahrrfr jhs efjjhs plbslnfs kf jlsfjvl lclzñgbal fg Clkrf kfKbhs. Qbg fcelroh, fj plbslnfquf fgaufgtrlg fsths pfrshgl-

nfs fs kfshjlkhr> cbjfs kf ìreh-jfs alãkhs, clqubglrbls pfsl-kls quf sustrlfg fj hrh kf jhsrãhs y quf, plrl sfplrlrjh kfhtrhs cftljfs, vbfrtfg cfrau-rbh fg sus alukljfs.

Fstf fspfjuzglgtf oubñg ghfs ̀ baabñg sbgh jl arukl rfljbklkkf jl cbgfrãl lurã`frl bjfolj fgfj Yfrþ, y fs jh quf ghs cufs-

trl fj khaucfgtlj ‚Hrh Lclzñ-gbah–, prhyfath quf bkflrhg jlsùgklabhgfs Lclzhg Lbk y Lcf-rbals Eusbgfss Ahugabj ahg fjhenftbvh kf ‚arflr ahgsabfgablsherf ug tfcl sfrbh y arflralcebhs plrl cbtbolr fj prhejf-cl–.

Fj cltfrblj, fstrfglkh fg fj@fstbvlj kf Abgf kf Jbcl, prf-sfgtl ahch ughs 19,999 mhc-erfs sf lkfgtrlg fg jl fspfsu-rl kfj ehsquf plrl sustrlfr kfsus rãhs fj ahtbzlkh cftlj, jhquf prhvhal kf`hrfstlabñg, yahgtlcbglabñg kfj lcebfgtf ahgcfraurbh y mlstl kf ugl sfrbfkf kfjbths quf bgajuyfg jl trltlkf pfrshgls y jl prhstbtuabñg,sfoþg ljfrtl fj `bjcf.

Qlrlm ku Yhgt, ugl kf jlsprhkuathrls kf ‚Hrh Lclzñgb-ah–, rfvfjñ quf su fqubph orleñ50 mhrls plrl fstf khaucfg-

tlj quf qubfrf chstrlr fg shjh61 cbguths añch jl cbgfrãl bjf-olj ml bkh kfstruyfgkh ugl kfjls ìrfls ‚cìs prãstbgls y rf-chtls– kf jl Lclzhgãl, khgkfbgajush mlebtlg bgkãofgls ghahgtlatlkhs.

‚Fj plghrlcl juaãl lphal-jãptbah, plrfaãl ug plrlnf kf jljugl, ahcpjftlcfgtf kfvlstl-kh. Qbg ìrehjfs, mleãl orlgkfsmufahs, cfraurbh. [fgãl cbfkh

Khaucfgtlj rfvfjl kfvlstlabñg quf prhvhal jl cbgfrãl bjfolj fg gufstrl sfjvl lclzñgbalFg abgaufgtl y trfs cbguths kf tfrrhr, ‚Hrh Lclzñgbah– ghs prfsfgtl añch jl cbgfrãl bjfolj kfnl l su plshìrehjfs alãkhs, rãhs ahgtlcbglkhs ahg cfraurbh, prhstbtuabñg y trltl kf pfrshgls. Bgbabltbvl kf Lclzhg Lbk yLcfrbals Eusbgfss Ahugabj eusal arflr ahgsabfgabl y chtbvlr alcebhs plrl shjuabhglr fstf prhejfcl.

mlstl kf thalr jls rhals phr-quf mleãl kfclsblkh cfrau-rbh fg fj sbstfcl–, rfjltñ KuYhgt.

Jl prhkuathrl bgkbañ quf bgtfrglrsf fg jl sfjvl plrl jlsorlelabhgfs fg 59<9 gh ùfugl tlrfl sfgabjjl y quf muehorlg mhstbjbklk phr plrtf kf lj-oughs phejlkhrfs kf jl zhgl.

‚Qfgtbchs chcfgths kfpfjborh rflj aulgkh fstuvbchsfg jl jhaljbklk kf Mufpftuf ysleãlchs quf gh ghs qufrãlglmã. Yhkãlchs sfgtbr jl tfgsbñg

Jl prhkuathrl bgkbañ quf bgtfrglrsf fg jl sfjvl plrl jls orlelabhgfs fg 59<9 gh ̀ uf ugl tlrfl sfgabjjl y quf mueh orlg mhstbjbklk phr plrtf kf ljoughs phejlkhrfs kf jl zhgl.

Lclzhg Ohjk, ghcerf h`bablj kfj khaucfgtlj, ùf fstrfglkh fg fj þjtbch @fstbvlj kf Abgf kf Jbcl, y ahgtñ ahg jl prfsfgabl kf Qlrlm ku Yhgt, ugl kf jls prhkuathrls, y kfj algtlgtf kf nlzz Mfrebf Mlgahad, quf prfstl su vhz plrl jl glrrlabñg. (@ufgtf> Qhabfklk Yfrulgl kf Kfrfamh Lcebfgtlj).

kf jl ofgtf l gufstrh ljrfkf-khr. Ghs tuvbfrhg quf fsahjtlrplrl sljbr kf fsf juolr–, rfcf-chrñ.

‚Vgl kf jls rlzhgfs plrlfjfobr l ahrrfsphgsljfs kf ouf-rrl ̀ uf phrquf fjjhs fstìg lahstucerlkhs l fstlr fg sbtulabh-gfs kb`ãabjfs y sleãlchs quf ãel-chs mlabl ugl. [lcebâg frlugl cftì`hrl kf jl oufrrl, rf-jlabhglgkh jl oufrrl quf fjjhsfstìg lahstucerlkhs l auerbr y jl oufrrl kfj lcebfgtf y kfghshtrhs cbschs–, fxprfsñ jlprhkuathrl.

Ku Yhgt rfsljtñ quf ‚fj cfr-aurbh fgvfgfgl ahg lprhxbcl-klcfgtf <,999 thgfjlkls ljlüh fj ìrfl kf Clkrf kf Kbhs–,jh quf tbfgf orlvfs ahgsfaufg-abls fg jl sljuk kf jhs sfrfs mu-clghs y fg fj cfkbh lcebfgtf.

Qfoþg fj khaucfgtlj, fj 2=%kfj hrh fg Yfrþ prhvbfgf kf jlcbgfrãl bjfolj, cbfgtrls quf sf-oþg klths kfj cbgbstfrbh kf Fgfr-oãl y Cbgls, jl prhkuaabñg kfhrh fg Clkrf kf Kbhs rfprf-sfgtñ fg jhs prbcfrhs abgah cf-sfs kf fstf lüh fj <?% kfj th-

tlj kfj plãs.




?2

ush kf cfraurbh fg jlfrãl, sherf thkh jl bjfolj yrtfslglj, pufkf frrlkbalr-g ug pjlzh kf hamh lühs

fj Yfrþ sb sf algafjl suhrtlabñg plrl fsl bgkus-y ahg fj ush kf tfaghjhoãlforlklejf kf elnh ahsthbsphgbejf fg fj plãs, Hs-[bghah Chjfrhs, Yrfsb-

tf kfj Alpãtujh kf Bgofgbf-Cftljþrobal kfj ABY.

hg fj tãtujh kf ‚Yrhyfathraurbh Afrh–, jl prhpufs-f prfsfgtlkl l jl hpbgbñgbal fg fj clrah kfj Hatl-hgorfsh Bgtfrglabhglj kf

kbhlcebfgtf, Qfourbklk yphgslebjbklk Qhablj fg Cb-l y Cftljurobl ABCLUFQ1, quf hrolgbzñ fj Ahjf-

kf Bgofgbfrhs kf Jbcl.

ghah fxpush quf fstf prh-h tbfgf ahch henftbvh rfku-fg ugl prbcfrl ftlpl kflühs, fj 69% kfj ush kfcftlj fg jl latbvbklk cbgf-

R fg abgah lühs cìs, frrlkb-su ahgsuch kfj Yfrþ. Fghoh ahg jl lofgabl Lgkbgl,añ quf jl prhpufstl bgaju-gstljlr bgbabljcfgtf pjlg-pbjhth fg 55 rfobhgfs kfjquf rfobstrlg clyhr ahg-h kf cfraurbh fg cbgfrãl,ugl bgvfrsbñg lprhxbclkl

kf ;.6 cbjjhgfs kf kñjlrfs.

Jls pjlgtls aufgtlg ahg fqub-phs quf utbjbzlg loul fg vfz kfcfraurbh plrl sfplrlr fj hrh

y htrhs cftljfs prfabhshs kfjl tbfrrl cfkblgtf ug cfalgbs-ch kf orlvfklk. ‚Qb l fstf cf-algbsch sf lülkf prhafkb-cbfgths kf rfabajlnf y ̀ bjtrlkhsf pufkf rfutbjbzlr fj rfaurshmãkrbah, jhorlgkh ug orlg lmh-rrh kf loul y prfsfrvlgkhjl glturljfzl–, fg`ltbzñ.

[bghah l b̀rcñ quf plrl ahg-

arftlr fstl prhpufstl fs gf-afslrbh fj ahcprhcbsh kf jlsluthrbklkfs ahcpftfgtfs, ah-ch jhs Cbgbstfrbhs kf Fgfr-oãl y Cbgls, y kfj Lcebfgtf,lsã ahch jhs ohebfrghs rfobh-gljfs, y jls fcprfsls cbgf-rls plrl kfnlr kf uslr cfr-aurbh fg fj Yfrþ y lphstlr phr tfaghjhoãls jbcpbls quf yl fs- tìg fg fj cfralkh glabhglj.

Klühs kfj cfraurbh

Fj fxpfrth rf b̀rbñ quf latulj-cfgtf sf vfgkfg fg fj plãs <?0

thgfjlkls kf cfraurbh lguljfsplrl ush cbgfrh, kf jhs aul-jfs ?9 thgfjlkls shg utbjbzlklsfg Clkrf kf Kbhs. ‚Fj ush kfcfraurbh plrl hetfgfr prbgab-pljcfgtf hrh ml prhvhalkh,shjh fg Clkrf kf Kbhs, jl kf-prfklabñg kf cìs kf 19 cbjmfatìrfls, abgah vfafs cìsquf mlaf kbfz lühs–, ahcfgtñ.

Fj orlvf klüh quf alusl fstf cftlj l jl sljuk muclglaulgkh sf supfrlg jhs jãcbtfspfrcbsbejfs, sf clgb`bfstl fgfg`frcfklkfs lj sbstfcl gfr-

hyfath Cfraurbh Afrh eusalrì frrlkbalr fstf cftlj kf jl latbvbklk cbgfrl fg jhs prñxbchs abgah lühsusal rfkuabr fg ugl prbcfrl ftlpl kf trfs lühs, fj 69% kfj ush kf fstf cftlj. Yrhpufstl bgajuyf bgstljlrbabljcfgtf pjlgtls pbjhth fg rfobhgfs kfj plãs ahg clyhr ahgsuch kf cfraurbh fg cbgfrãl, ahg ugl bg-

frsbñg lprhxbclkl kf ;.6 cbjjhgfs kf kñjlrfs.

Yrhyfath Cfraurbh Afrh `uf prfsfgtlkh fg fj clrah kfj Hatlvh Ahgorfsh Bgtfrglabhglj kf Cfkbhlcebfgtf, Qfourbklk y Ufsphgslebjbklk Qhablj fg Cbgfrãl y Cftljurobl ABCLUFQ 59<1.

vbhsh y aìgafr fg kbvfrshs ñr-olghs kfj aufrph, l`brcñ.

–Lkfcìs kf jl kfstrua-abñg kf ehsqufs, tbfrrls yrãhs kf jl sfjvl, sf ahgtlcb-glg jhs pfafs y pjlgtls qufsbrvfg kf sustfgth l jls ah-cugbklkfs, sherf thkh gltbvls. Jl fclglabñg kf cfr-aurbh l jl ltcñs`frl, ahg jhsolsfs ofgfrlkhs fg jhs prh-afshs bg`hrcljfs kf sfplrl-abñg kfj hrh, tfrcbgl prhvh-algkh bgthxbalabñg fg jl ph-ejlabñg–, ahgajuyñ.

Fg jl latuljbklk sf vfgkfg fg fj plãs <?0 thgfjlkls kf cfraurbh lguljfs plrl ush cbgfrh, kf jhs auljfs ?9 shg utbjbzlkls fg Clkrf kf Kbhs. ‚Fstf ush ml prhvhalkh jl kfprfklabñg kf cìs kf 19 cbj mfatìrfls–, kbnh [bghah.



=9 Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Ltjls Ahpah afjferñ ahg âxbthAhch alkl lüh, jl ahcplüãl shrprfgkbñ ahg ghvfkhshs fqubphs. Yrh`fsbhgljbsch y alclrrfjlabhgfs ahg sus ajbfgtfs y shabhs fstrltâobahs. Lkfjlgtlrhg quf fg fj prñxbch Yfrucbg

Ufprfsfgtlgtfs cìxbchs kf jl ̀ lcbjbl kf Ltjls Ahpah sf mbabfrhg prfsfgtfs. Kblgl Eljkfñg, Ofrfgtf Kbvsbhg kf Ahgstruatbhg [hhjs4 Nhmlg Jluwfrs, Pbafprfsbkfgtf kf Clrdftbgo kf Ltjls Ahpah BgtfrglabhgljErblg Kh``bgo, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Ltjls Ahpah4 y Cboufj Orlglkhs, Ofrfgtf kf jl Kbvbsbñg kf Fgfroãl [rlgsphrtlejf (LYF), shgrbfgtfs trls ugl tlrkf cuy fspfablj.

Fstf lüh plrl Ltjls Ahpah fs ug mbth pufs aucpjf <;9 lühs kf fxbstfgabl. Alkl lüh fs ug jhor h y sbfcprf ahg cuamls ghvfklkfs quf h`rfafr. Fg bcìofgfs, ljoughs kf jhs prhkuaths quf sf prfsfgtlrhg.

Yhals fcprfsls pufkfg

lsfourlr quf tbfgfg ug trlthkbrfath ahg sus ajbfgtfs. Vglkf fjjls fs Ltjls Ahpah, quf,ahch alkl lüh, hrolgbzñ fjAusthcfr Kly 59<1, bgbabltbvl quf rfþgf l kbrfatbvhs y trlelnlkhrfs kf jl ahcplüãlahg sus shabhs, fg ugl abtlquf tlcebâg sbrvf plrl chstrlr jls ghvfklkfs kf su kbvfrsh phrtl`hjbh.

Ylrl Erblg Kh``bgo, Ofrfg- tf Ofgfrlj kf Ltjls Ahpah,fstf fs su prbcfr ‚kãl kfjajbfgtf–, kfskf quf lsucbñ fjljth clgkh fg fgfrh plslkh.Qbg fcelroh, fjjh gh jf bcpb-kbñ bgtfrlatulr ahg thkhs jhslsbstfgtfs, pufs jhs lahcpl-

üñ kurlgtf fj rfahrrbkh, lsãahch fg fj fgtrfglcbfgth fgfj clgfnh kf jhs prhkuaths.‚Fstlchs pjlgflgkh mlafrcìs latbvbklkfs ahch fstlphrquf vfchs quf fs bcphrtlgtf plrl gufstrhs ajbfgtfs. Yfgslchs hrolgbzlr htrlrfugbñg sbcbjlr fg jhs prñxb-chs 5 cfsfs–, sfüljñ.

Clgb`fstñ quf jh prbcfrhquf sf eusañ ̀ uf rfugbr l jhsajbfgtfs fg ug lcebfgtf prh`f-sbhglj y kf alclrlkfrãl. Lkf-cìs, pukbfrhg rfabebr ‚trlb-gbgo y ̀ hrclabñg fg fj clgfnh kf jhs prhkuaths–. ‚Qbfc-prf qufrfchs chstrlrjfs jhsgufvhs fqubphs quf tfgf-chs–, lghtñ.

Jl hrolgbzlabñg kf fstffvfgth fs kfj cbsch gbvfj quffg htrhs plãsfs fg jhs qufhpfrl Ltjls Ahpah, pufs cl-gfnl ug cbsch fstìgklr. Lsãjh lsfourñ fj bgvbtlkh kf mh-ghr, Nhmlg Jluwfrs, Pbafprfsb-kfgtf kf Clrdftbgo kf jl cuj- tbglabhglj fg Qufabl, quf jjfoñfxprh`fslcfgtf plrl fstl rfu-gbñg.

‚Eusalchs jl kfchstrl-abñg fg vbvh kf gufstrhs fqub-phs. Gh fs jh cbsch vfrjhs

`rãlcfgtf fg ug altìjhoh.

Lquã gh shjh jhs lprfabls, tbf-gfs bgtfrlaabñg ahg fjjhs ypufkfs mlafr prfougtls. Fshlyukl fg jl rfjlabñg ahg fjajbfgtf–, shstuvh Jluwfrs.

Jl rfugbñg bgbabñ ahg uglprfsfgtlabñg kf jl plrtbabpl-abñg kf Ltjls Ahpah l gbvfjcugkblj. Kurlgtf fjjl, NhmlgJluwfrs bgkbañ quf fspfabljbgtfrâs jf cfrfaf Jltbghlcâ-rbal kfebkh l su phtfgablj kfarfabcbfgth, y fg fsf clrah,Yfrþ tbfgf ug juolr cuy bc-phrtlgtf.

YUHKVA[BPBKLK

Kfebkh l jl kbvfrsl h`frtl

kf prhkuaths, Ltjls Ahpah sfhrolgbzl fg kb`frfgtfs ìrflskf gfohabh. Fg fsf sfgtbkh,jhs gufvhs prhkuaths prfsfgtlkhs pfrtfgfaãlg prbgabplj-cfgtf lj ìrfl kf Ahgstrua- tbhg [famgbquf.

Ljougls vfafs jls shrprf-sls gh jjfolg gfafslrblcfg- tf ahg jh gufvh, sbgh sf kfs-auerfg lj rfkfsauerbr jh quf yl sf arfãl ahghafr. Fsh jhpufkf l`brclr Cboufj Orlgl-khs, Ofrfgtf kf jl Kbvbsbñg kfFgfroãl [rlgsphrtlejf (LYF)kf Ltjls Ahpah, qubfg kbnh sfgtbrsf orltlcfgtf shrprfgkbkhphr jhs ahcfgtlrbhs kf jhsajbfgtfs.

‚Ajbfgtfs quf yl shg gufstrhs shabhs fstrltâobahs, lj vfr fj lelgbah kf prhkuaths

quf tfgfchs, sf mlg bgtfrf-slkh cuamãsbch cìs. Fg lj-oughs alshs, gh tfgãlg fj ah-ghabcbfgth thtlj quf fsthsfqubphs phkãlg rfljbzlr tlj haulj hpfrlabñg. Jfs mfchs kl-kh ugl lcpjbl vbsbñg kf jh qufshchs alplafs kf mlafr ahgjhs fqubphs quf yl ahghafg y ahg jhs ghvfklkfs quf fstlchs bcphrtlgkh ahg tfagh-jhoãl bgghvlkhrl– clgb`fstñ.

Ylrl Orlglkhs fs bcphrtlgtf fj ahcprhcbsh ahg jlprhkuatbvbklk y shstfgbebjbklkkfj ajbfgtf. ‚Kfefchs sfr sh-abhs fstrltâobahs kf gufstrhs ajbfgtfs, erbgklgkh fqub-phs kf tfaghjhoãl kf pugtlalkl vfz cìs f`babfgtfs, qufkfclgkfg cfghr ahgsuchkf fgfroãl y ahceustbejf ycfghrfs ahsths hpfrltbvhs–, lülkbñ.

Kurlgtf su fxphsbabñg, orl`bañ jl prhafkfgabl bgtfrglabhglj kf jhs fqubphs kf LtjlsAhpah. Lsã, rfvfjñ quf jhsahcprfshrfs prbgabpljcfgtfprhafkfg kf Fstlkhs Vgbkhsjls ahcprfshrls kf Eâjobaljhs oruphs fjfatrñofghs vbl nlg kfskf jl pjlgtl fg ^lrlohzl (Fsplül)4 y fg Ljfclgblsf ̀ lerbalg jls ehcel sucfrobejfs.

Lgugabñ quf rfabfgtfcfg tf cuamhs kf jhs ahcprfshrfs prhvfgãlg kf jl pjlgtl uebalkl fg jl abuklk ambgl kf_uxb. Lsbcbsch, oruphs fjfa trñofghs, ahcprfshrls y orlgplrtf kf fqubphs shg kf prhafkfgabl lsbìtbal. Fj lgugabhalusñ shrprfsl lgtf jhs lsbs tfgtfs, jl cbscl quf sf kbspñ jufoh kf jl fxpjbalabñg kfjls phtfgabljbklkfs kf jhs fqu

‚Yhkfchs lkfjlgtlr quf jlgzlrfchs l gbvfj bgtfrglabhglj ug fqubph suetfrrìgfh kurlgtf jl 1< Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl YFUVCBG. Lkfcìs kf htrhs fqubphs kf prbcfr gbvfj. [f- gfchs cuamls latbvbklkfs ahg gufstrhs ajbfgtfs, eusalgkh chstrlr jhs fqubphs ahg quf ahgtlchs plrl kfslrrhjjlr jls bgkustrbls kf cbgfrãl y ahgstruaabñg–, sfüljñ Erblg Kh``bgo, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj.




Vgl fxafjfgtf ghtbabl plrl jl bg- vfrsbñg cbgfrl fg fj plãs. Lsã aljb b̀añfj Cbgbstrh kf Fgfroãl y Cbgls, NhrofCfrbgh, jl lprhelabñg fg fj Ahgorf-sh kf jl ghrcl quf arfl jl abuklkkf Gufvl Chrhahaml, y quf jl bgs-

tlurl ahch alpbtlj kfj kbstrbth kfChrhaml, fg jl prhvbgabl kf Rlujb,rfobñg Nugãg.

Kfstlañ quf sf trltl kf jl prbcf-rl abuklk pjlgb̀ balkl y ahgstrubkl phrugl fcprfsl cbgfrl prbvlkl (fg fs-

tf alsh phr Ambgljah, kfgtrh kfj prhyfath auprã̀ frh [hrhchamh), quf aufgtl ahg jhs sfrvbabhs pþejbahs f bg`rlfstruaturl urelgl, jl aulj sf jfvlgtñahg jl ̀ bgljbklk kf erbgklr l jl phejl-abñg ugl cfnhr aljbklk kf vbkl, ljfnl-kl kf jl zhgl kf fxpjhtlabñg cbgfrl,

y quf sf aujcbgñ lþg lgtfs kf bgbablrsu hauplabñg.

‚Fs ugl abuklk chkfrgl, ahg th-kls jls ̀ labjbklkfs plrl sus mlebtlgtfs, y quf lmhrl, phr jfy, ahgtlrìahg sfrvbabhs kfj Fstlkh ahch phjb-

CBGBQ[UH CFUBGH QLJVKÑ LYUHELABÑG KF JFR \VFFQ[LEJFAF AUFLABÑG KF ABVKLK KF GVFPL CHUHAHAML

Qf trltl kf jl prbcfrl abuklk ahgstrubkl phr ugl fcprfsl cbgfrl, y quf lmhrl tfgkrì laafsh l thkhs jhs sfrvbabhskfj Fstlkh. Vref `uf pjlgflkl ahch plrtf kfj prhyfath auprã`frh [hrhchamh, quf rfprfsfgtl plrl fj plãs uglbgvfrsbñg kf ;,=99 cbjjhgfs kf kñjlrfs.

aãl, phstls câkbals, fsaufjls, sfrvbabhs cugbabpljfs, fgtrf htrhs, ahgjh quf phkrì jjfolr l sfr hauplklphr ugls 6 cbj pfrshgls–, clgb`fs-

tñ.Fj cbgbstrh fg`ltbzñ quf fstl fs

ugl ajlrl sfülj kf quf jl cbgfrãl fgfj Yfrþ ‚sf sbouf clgtfgbfgkh l th-pf–, ahg ugl abuklk arflkl ahchplrtf kf ug prhyfath cbgfrh quffg kbabfcerf ahcfgzlrì l prhkuabr199 cbj thgfjlkls ̀ bgls kf aherf guf-

vls.Fj tbtujlr kfj CFC lghtñ quf [hrh-

chamh fg su ahgnugth lphrtlrì orlg-kfs efgf`babhs phr ahgafpths kf rf-oljãls, alghg cbgfrh, lsã ahch kbvfr-shs efgf b̀abhs ahjltfrljfs l ̀ lvhr kfjkfslrrhjjh kf bcplath jhalj, rfobhglj

y glabhglj.‚Fstf prhyfath rfprfsfgtl ugl

bgvfrsbñg kf ;,=99 cbjjhgfs kf kñ-jlrfs, quf ahgtrbeubrì sbogb`baltbvl-cfgtf lj YEB kfj plãs, l jls ahc-prls rfobhgljfs, lj ploh kf alghg,

fta.–, suerlyñ.Yhr htrh jlkh, rfsljtñ jl ljtl tfa-

ghjhoãl quf alrlatfrbzl jl bcpjfcfg- tlabñg kfj prhyfath [hrhchamh quf,

lsfourñ, rfkugklrì fg efgf`babh kfjplãs y kf jl ahcugbklk, prhchvbfgkhjl arflabñg kf cbjfs kf pufsths kf

trlelnh kbrfaths f bgkbrfaths plrl

jl rfobñg.‚Fstf prhyfath, lkfcìs, prbhrb-

zl fj aubklkh kfj cfkbh lcebfgtf, fgfj quf sf kfstlal ugl pjlgtl kf trl-

tlcbfgth kf louls ìabkls glturl-jfs quf, jufoh kf trltlrjls, jls vbfrtf ahcpjftlcfgtf jbcpbls lj rãh Rlu-jb–, `bgljbzñ.

Gufvl Chrhaml ̀ uf ahgstrubkl lgtfs kf quf jl haupfg. Fspfrl ljefrolr l cìs kf 6 cbj pfrshgls.


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mundo-minero-301-agosto-setiembre-2013 88/156=; Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1



=;K Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Jls lpjbalabhgfs cbgfrlsrfqubfrfg ug ahgtrhj prfabshkf chthr kf ̀ hrcl ahgtbgul,kurlgtf thkh fj kãl. Fsth rf-qubfrf kf shjuabhgfs kf vlrbl-khrfs elnhs fg lrcñgbahs b̀l-ejfs y ̀ jfxbejfs, alplafs kf ol-rlgtbzlr ugl jlrol vbkl þtbj fgjls ahgkbabhgfs lcebfgtljfscìs fxbofgtfs, lsã ahch jlahgtbgubklk thtlj kf jl hpfrl-abñg, bgajush aulgkh shg ah-gfatlkhs l rfkfs fjâatrbalskâebjfs.

Jl shjuabñg trlkbabhglj fgfxtfrbhrfs fs bgstljlr ug vl-rblkhr elnh fg lrcñgbahs y ugsbstfcl kf rf`rbofrlabñg/lbrflahgkbabhglkh kfgtrh kf ug

ahgtfgfkhr fstìgklr. Fstf fg-`hquf gh sñjh fs ahcpjfnh, jl tfaghjhoãl kf fg`rblcbfgth ghfstì hptbcbzlkl plrl lcebfgtfs mhstbjfs y rfchths, lsã qufphr fnfcpjh mly ugl gfafsb-klk kf alceblr y jbcpblr ahgtbgulcfgtf jhs ̀ bjtrhs kf lbrf.Jl mufjjl kf bgstljlabñg rfsuj- tlgtf tlcebâg fs rfjltbvlcfg- tf orlgkf, rfqubrbfgkh pjlgb b̀-alabñg, bgofgbfrãl f bgtforl-abñg bg sbtu lkbabhgljfs, cbfgtrls quf fj ahgtfgfkhr fs kb-ã̀abj kf trlgsphrtlr y rfuebalr.

Jhs ajbfgtfs pbkbfrhg uglshjuabñg kf vlrblkhr `jfxbejf,ahcplatl y ̀ ìabj kf trlgsphr-

tlr. Lsã quf LEE ml rfsphgkb-kh phr rfpjlgtflr fj ahgtfgf-khr y fj kbsfüh kf rf`rbofrl-abñg plrl kfslrrhjjlr fj vlrbl-khr elnh fg lrcñgbahs LAQ=99-1= plrl ush fg fxtfrbh-rfs. Vgl shjuabñg kf vlrblkhrahg ug henftbvh ajlrh - ”lu-cfgtlr jl prhkuatbvbklk sbgahcprhcftfr su bgtforbklkfg lcebfgtfs mhstbjfs.

Plrblkhrfs plrlhpfrlabhgfs cbgfrls fg

juolrfs kb`ãabjfs y rfchths

Jls cìqubgls y fqubphs utb-jbzlkhs fg cbgfrãl kfefg prh-phrabhglr ugl hpfrlabñg ahg-

`blejf, sfourl y f`babfgtf fglcebfgtfs aìjbkhs, mþcfkhs y phjvhrbfgths. Jhs vlrblkhrfsLEE elnh fg lrcñgbahs plrlfj ush lj lbrf jberf fstìg kbsf-ülkhs plrl aucpjbr ahg jhsrfths kf lpjbalabhgfs kf la-abhglcbfgths kf chthr jhaljb-zlkhs bgajush fg jhs juolrfscìs rfchths. Fj LAQ=99-1=fs lkfaulkh plrl lpjbalabh-gfs kf cbgfrãl, tljfs ahchehcels, abgtls trlgsphrtl-khrls, ljbcfgtlkhrfs, ahc-prfshrfs y trbturlkhrls.

Ylrl prhphrabhglr fj ljthgbvfj kf `blebjbklk y kbsphgbebjb-klk fsfgablj plrl jls hpfrl-

Plrblkhr elnh fg lrcñgbahs LAQ=99-1=prhvff ug ljzl plrl jl prhkuaabñg cbgfrl

Gufvh vlrblkhr LEE elnh fg lrcñgbahs, rfsbstfgtf, luth-ahgtfgbkh, ahcplath y `ìabj kf trlsjlklr fs kbsfülkhahg fj henftbvh kf lucfgtlr jl prhkuatbvbklk sbg ahcprhcftfr su bgtforbklk fg lcebfgtfs mñstbjfs.

abhgfs cbgfrls kf 5;/?, fjgufvh vlrblkhr elnh fg lrcñ-gbahs plrl ush fxtfrbhr ml sb-kh kfslrrhjjlkh fspfaã`bal-cfgtf plrl rfsbstbr jls ahg-kbabhgfs lcebfgtljfs fxtrf-cls fgahgtrlkls fg cuamhssbtbhs cbgfrhs - ahch sh`h-algtfs kfsbfrths kf lrfgl yltcñs`frls ahrrhsbvls alrol-kls kf slj. Jl ugbklk tlcebâgaufgtl ahg ug kbsfüh elnh fglrcñgbahs plrl fjbcbglr jhsprhejfcls kf lrcñgbahs lsh-ablkhs l ljoughs vlrblkhrfsaulgkh sf trlelnl ahg rfkfskf sucbgbstrh kf fgfroãl kâ-ebjfs prhpbhs kf juolrfs rf-chths.

Qbstfcl þgbah kffg`rblcbfgth kf `junhkf lbrf afrrlkhluth-ahgtfgbkh

Jl gufvl shjuabñg kf vlrbl-khrfs tbfgf ug rlgoh kf phtfgabl kf <<9 l 166 d_(<56 l ;69 AP), quf sf lc-pjblrì mlstl 019 d_. Fj fqub-ph bgahrphrl ug cñkujh elnhfg lrcñgbahs y fstì kbsfülkhplrl sherfvbvbr bgajush fg jhslcebfgtfs cìs fxtrfchs qufsf fgaufgtrlg fg sbtbhs lj lb-rf jberf, kfskf fj aljhr kfj kf-sbfrth l jls kurls ahgkbabhgfsajbcìtbals kf jhaljbzlabhgfs tfrrfstrfs. Jl shjuabñg ah-cbfgzl ljclafglgkh fj vlrbl-

khr kfgtrh kf ug rheusth lr-clrbh târcbah kf khejf alplkbsfülkh plrl ùgabhglr l tfcpfrlturls kf mlstl 66¹ A(<1<¹@). Qbg fcelroh, jl bg-ghvlabñg prbgabplj fs jl lkhp-abñg kf ug sbstfcl þgbah kfjlzh kf fg`rblcbfgth luth-ahgtfgbkh, elslkh fg ug câthkhkf fg`rblcbfgth kf lbrf afrrl-kh quf olrlgtbzl ugl rf`rbof-rlabñg ñptbcl sbg gbgougl gf-afsbklk kf lbrf fxtfrbhr. Aulj-qubfr rbfsoh kf quf fj phjvh,jl suabfklk y ltcñs`frls ah-rrhsbvls alrolkls kf slj pf-gftrfg fg fj bgtfrbhr kfj vlrbl-khr sf fjbcbglg phr ahcpjfth,rfkuabfgkh gfafsbklkfs kfclgtfgbcbfgth y tbfcph kf

bglatbvbklk gh pjlgb`balkh.Vgl vfgtlnl lkbabhglj kf fstfcâthkh kf fg`rblcbfgth fs surfclralejf f b̀abfgabl fgfroâ- tbal, h`rfabfgkh cuamhs cìselnhs ahsths kf ̀ ugabhglcbfgth quf jls shjuabhgfs trlkbabh-gljfs kf vlrblkhrfs lj lbrf jb-erf.

Lj boulj quf htrhs laabhgl-cbfgths LEE, fj LAQ=99-1=h`rfaf jl lpjbalabñg kf ahgtrhjkf chthr ahg K[A (ahgtrhj kb-rfath kf plr). Jhs sh`twlrfskf ahgtrhj kf lpjbalabñg hp-abhgljfs plrl ehcel, orþl ywbgamfs fstìg kbsphgbejfs,lsã ahch fj kf pârkbkl kf phtfgabl plrl olrlgtbzlr jl ahg-

tbgubklk kf jl hpfrlabñg fgalsh kf ugl bgtfrrupabñg kfahrtl kurlabñg fg jl ùfgtfkf ljbcfgtlabñg.

Fj chgbthrfh rfchth fstì tlcebâg kbsphgbejf y cuamhs vlrblkhrfs pufkfg sfr chgb- thrflkhs y ahgtrhjlkhs l trl- vâs kf rfkfs kf luthcltbzl-abñg.

@ìabj kf bgstljlr y rfuebalr

Klkh quf phr cuamls lpjb-alabhgfs fg jls cbgls puf-kfg tfgfr jl gfafsbklk kf sfrrfuebalkhs kf laufrkh ahgjls gfafsbklkfs kf prhkua-abñg, jl `labjbklk kf bgstljl-abñg y fj trlgsphrtf frlg ̀ lathrfs arãtbahs fg fj kbsfüh kfjLAQ=99-1=. Fj tlclüh ahc-plath, jl elsf shjklkl, lerl-

zlkfrls kf tfamh y lounfrhsplrl chgtlalrols ̀ labjbtlg fj trlgsphrtf ahg orþl h alrrf- tbjjl fjfvlkhrl.

Fj pfqufüh tlclüh h`rfafugl clyhr `jfxbebjbklk fg jluebalabñg, yl quf pufkf al-efr fg fsplabhs rfstrbgobkhs, y fj kbsfüh pjuo lgk pjly fslþg clyhr phr jls ahgfxbhgfsfjâatrbals sbcpjfs, rìpbkls ykurlkfrls tlgth fg jl ùfgtfkf ljbcfgtlabñg ahch fg fjchthr.

Olrlgtbzlr ugl ljtlaljbklk kf fgfroãl fg

rfkfs kâebjfs

Jhs sbtbhs kf hpfrlabhgfsl cfgukh sf fgaufgtrlg fgjuolrfs rfchths, l abfrtl kbstlgabl kf jl suefstlabñg kfkbstrbeuabñg jhalj kf fjfatrbab-klk, jh quf rfsujtl fg ugl rfkkf fgfroãl ‚kâebj–. Plrbhs kbs-phsbtbvhs fjfatrñgbahs arflglrcñgbahs quf pufkfg tfgfrug f`fath lkvfrsh fg jl rfkkf ljbcfgtlabñg, y plrl jlcìs kâebj kf jl rfk, clyhr fsfj rbfsoh kf quf jhs lrcñgb-ahs alusfg pfrturelabhgfsfg jl ùfgtf kf ljbcfgtlabñg y fj fgvfnfabcbfgth prfcltu-rh kf jhs fqubphs, tljfs ahch trlgs`hrclkhrfs y fjfatrñgb-al kf phtfgabl.

Ylrl fj LAQ=99-1=, LEEml fspfab`balkh ug vlrblkhrquf bgtforl ugl ugbklk kf ljb-cfgtlabñg latbvl y `bjtrh elnhfg lrcñgbahs quf fjbcbgl f`b-alzcfgtf kbamhs prhejfcls,sbg jl gfafsbklk kf fqubph kf`bjtrlkh lkbabhglj h ahcpjfnhs trlgs̀ hrclkhrfs cujtb-pujsh.Fstf vlrblkhr clgtbfgf tlc-ebâg ug ̀ lathr kf phtfgabl ugb- tlrbh plrl ugl cìxbcl f`b-abfgabl.

Bgghvlabñg plrl jlcfnhrl kf jls hpfrlabhgfs

cbgfrls

Fj ahgsbkfrlejf bgtfrâs tfc-

prlgh kf jhs ajbfgtfs kf jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl fstì kfchs trlgkh quf jl ahcebglabñgþgbal prhelkl kf tfaghjhoãlkf vlrblkhr elnh fg lrcñgbahs ahg ug sbstfcl kf rf`rbofrlabñg bgkfpfgkbfgtf, fstlejfaf ug gufvh pugth kf rf`frfgabl plrl jls hpfrlabhgfscbgfrls.

LEE (www.lee.ahc) fsug jãkfr fg tfaghjhoãls fjfa trhtâagbals y kf luthcltbzlabñg quf pfrcbtfg l jhs usulrbhs kf sfrvbabhs pþejbahs y jlsbgkustrbls, lucfgtfg su f b̀abfgabl, rfkuabfgkh fj bcplath lcebfgtlj. Fj Oruph LEE hpfrlfg ughs <99 plãsfs y fcpjfl

l ljrfkfkhr kf <;6.999 pfrshgls.

Ylrl hetfgfr lyukl ahgauljqubfrl kf jhs târcbghs tâagbahs kf fstf ahcugbalkh, vbsbtf>www.lee.ahc / ojhslrbh

Qbstfcl kf rf`rbofrlabñg luthahgtfgbkh kf LEE.

Fj vlrblkhr elnh fg lrcñgbahs kf ush fg fxtfrbhrfs LAQ=99-1=.

LEE HyYrhkuat ClglofrNlggf LjltljhJhw Phjtlof Mbom Yhwfr KrbvfsKrbvfs

Y.H.Ehx <=;@B-991=< Mfjsbgdb

nlggf.ljltljhI`b.lee.ahcplsb.phmnljlbgfgI`b.lee.ahc[fj> +16= (9)<9 55 5;199

LEE HyClrdftbgo ClglofrYlsb YhmnljlbgfgJhw Phjtlof Mbom Yhwfr

Y.H.Ehx <=;@B-991=< Mfjsbgdb[fj> +16= (9)<9 55 51=59

Pbsãtlghs fg YFUVCBGYlefjjñg 1

(Ljlcfkl Yualyurl)




=6

Fah. Alrjhs Kbfz Algsfah, Kbrfathr

kf Lgkbgl Ahgsujthrãl Fstrltâobal.

Fs fxtrlüh quf fg jl faul-abñg kfj kfslrrhjjh sf pjlg- tff ugl kbsyugtbvl fgtrf jlfkualabñg h jls cltfrbls prb-cls. Ahch sb fg ugl ̀ lcbjblrurlj -ahch tlgtls fg fj Yf-rþ- jhs plkrfs tuvbfrlg qufkfabkbr sb sboufg trlelnlgkhsu alcph, sfcerlgkh y ah-sfamlgkh sus plpls, h sb fku-alg l sus mbnhs.

Ylrl quf jhs mbnhs sf fku-qufg, fs gfafslrbh quf jhsplkrfs trlelnfg y ofgfrfgjhs bgorfshs gfafslrbhs pl-rl clgtfgfr l jl `lcbjbl. R fs quf kfj aufrh sljfg jlsahrrfls. Qb jhs plkrfs gh trlelnlg sfrì kb`ãabj quf jhsmbnhs pufklg br l jl fsaufjl.Yhkrãlchs prfougtlr sb jhs

plkrfs phkrãlg trlelnlr fgljoh kb`frfgtf l jl lorbaujtu-rl h olglkfrãl. Fsh kfpfgkfkf sus alplabklkfs y kf jlkhtlabñg kf rfaurshs ahg qufaufgtfg. Jl latbvbklk kf jhsplkrfs gh kfebfrl sfr tlg trlsafgkfgtf plrl quf jhs gb-ühs sf pufklg fkualr. Jh bc-phrtlgtf kfebfrl sfr quf jhsrfaurshs kbsphgbejfs sflguslkhs f`babfgtfcfgtf plrlquf jhs gbühs sf pufklg kfkb-alr ahg fcpfüh l jhs fstu-kbhs.

Kfkbalrsf l jl lorbaujturlh olglkfrãl gh kfebfrl l`fatlr lj kfslrrhjjh. \ubzìs fj tf-cl sfl prhchvfr ugl olgl-

kfrãl h lorbaujturl f`babfgtf, y uslr ebfg jhs rfaurshs qufsf ofgfrlg cfkblgtf fstlslatbvbklkfs plrl h`rfafr ugleufgl fkualabñg l jhs gbühs y nñvfgfs, f bgajush qubzìs ljl abfgabl y tfaghjhoãl, plrlclxbcbzlr jhs fxafkfgtfs kfjl lorbaujturl h jl olglkfrãl, y h`rfafr clyhrfs rfaurshsplrl fj ebfgfstlr kf jl shabf-klk. Fs cìs, sb jl ̀ lcbjbl h fjplãs tbfgfg vfgtlnls ahcpl-rltbvls plrl fj kfslrrhjjhlorhpfaulrbh, prhelejfcfgtf mlerìg kfslrrhjjlkh uglaujturl lj rfspfath, y jh ñp- tbch sfrãl thrglr fsls vfgtlnls ahcplrltbvls fg vfgtlnls ahcpftbtbvls plrl clxb-

cbzlr su ebfgfstlr. Mlafrhtrl ahsl fg pjlzhs ahrthssfrãl ahch pfkbrjf pfrls ljhjch.

Jl kbsyugtbvl plrl fj kf-slrrhjjh gh fs sb jl `lcbjbl hfj plãs sf kfkbalg l ljoþg tb-ph kf latbvbklk h sb fkual lsus mbnhs h phejlabñg. Jls ̀ l-cbjbls y jl shabfklk gfafsbtlg trlelnlr y ofgfrlr rfaur-shs ahg quf fkualr y klr ebf-gfstlr l sus cbfcerhs. Fjprhejfcl sfrãl gh trlelnlrplrl ofgfrlr fshs rfaurshskf jl cfnhr clgfrl phsbejfh kfslprhvfamlr jhs rfaur-shs kbsphgbejfs.

Fg fj alsh pfrulgh, aulg-kh ghs rf`frbchs l cltfrblsprbcls h latbvbklkfs prbcl-rbls ghs rf`frbchs ofgfrlj-

cfgtf l jl cbgfrãl, y fg tljsfgtbkh tlcebâg vljf jl pfglmlafr ljougls lajlrlabhgfs,pufs jl cbgfrãl pfrulgl fsugl latbvbklk ahcpjfnl, kforlg kfslrrhjjh tfaghjñobah,alkl vfz cìs bgtforlkl l jlbgkustrbl y fj cfralkh jhalj,ahg prhvffkhrfs lorhpfaul-rbhs, fgfroâtbahs, bgkustrbl-jfs, ̀bglgabfrhs, ahcfrabljfs,jhoãstbahs, y kf sfrvbabhs sh-abljfs, lcebfgtljfs y kf bg-ofgbfrãl, quf orlabls lj cfr-alkh cbgfrh sf mlg kfslrrh-jjlkh y mhy shg tlcebâg kfs- tlalkhs fxphrtlkhrfs, qufcuamhs fxpfrths jjlclrãlggh prbclrbhs.

Jhs prhafshs cbgfrhs shgphah ahghabkhs, y cuamls

pfrshgls arffg quf sf trltlsbcpjfcfgtf kf chvfr y fx-phrtlr pbfkrls. Yfrh, phr klrug fnfcpjh, prhkuabr lgulj-cfgtf <09 thgfjlkls kf hrhkf ylabcbfgths ahg jfyfs kfmlstl cfghs kf ug orlchphr thgfjlkl, h <»199,999 thgfjlkls kf aherf kf ylab-cbfgths ahg jfyfs cfghrfslj <% kf ahgtfgbkh cftìjb-ah, aubklgkh fj cfkbh lc-ebfgtf, fs ugl jlehr ahcpjfnl quf rfqubfrf kf cuamh h`b-abh, tfaghjhoãl, alpbtlj y jh-oãstbal, ahg ug orlg vljhrlorfolkh, qubzìs fj cìs ljthkf jl alkfgl prhkuatbvl cf- tìjbal. Yhr abfrth, fsths vhjþ-cfgfs kf prhkuaabñg, nugth

ahg jhs kf htrhs prhkuathscbgfrhs, phgfg l Yfrþ l ahc-pftbr ahg Lustrljbl, Alglkì,Ambjf, Ambgl, Fstlkhs Vgbkhs,Câxbah, Uusbl, fgtrf htrhsplãsfs quf uslg sus rfaur-shs glturljfs ahch pljlg-als kf kfslrrhjjh.

Kf laufrkh l jls fstlkãs- tbals kf jl þjtbcl kâalkl, jlcbgfrãl rfprfsfgtl fj <9%kfj YEB, fj 09% kf jls fxphr- tlabhgfs y fj ;9% kfj bc-pufsth l jl rfgtl quf plolg thkls jls fcprfsls fg fjYfrþ. L gbvfj rfobhglj, jl bgab-kfgabl kf jl cbgfrãl jjfol lsfr kf 59% kfj YEB, jh qufghs kl ugl bkfl kf jl bcphr-

tlgabl quf fstl latbvbklk tbf-gf fg jl kbgìcbal fahgñcb-al kf jls rfobhgfs pfrul-gls, fj ahgsfaufgtf fcpjfhofgfrlkh y jhs rfaurshs `bs-aljfs hrbfgtlkhs l jls rfobh-gfs.

Fg fj 59<<, fj bcpufsthl jl rfgtl plolkh phr jlsfcprfsls cbgfrls ̀ uf supf-rbhr l jl sucl kf jhs prfsu-pufsths kf jhs sfathrfs Ql-juk, Kfslrrhjjh, Cunfr, Lc-ebfgtf, Nustbabl y [rlelnh, kfjohebfrgh pfrulgh. Fgthg-afs, mlerãl quf mlafr ahgh-afr l jls luthrbklkfs ahc-pftfgtfs, l jhs sfrvbkhrfs pþ-ejbahs, l jhs clfstrhs y l

jhs câkbahs, quf sb sf qubf-rf cfnhrfs rfcugfrlabh-gfs, h fg ofgfrlj cfnhr fku-alabñg, sljuk y ebfgfstlr pl-

rl jhs pfrulghs, fspfablj-cfgtf plrl jhs cìs pherfs,mly quf bgvfrtbr y prhkuabrcìs. Fj Yfrþ tbfgf fg ahc-pìs fspfrl -y fspfrfchsquf gh sf plscfg- ugl alrtfrl kf bgvfrsbñg prbvlkl kfjhrkfg kf jhs 69 cbj cbjjhgfskf kñjlrfs, ahg bcphrtlgtfsphtfgabljfs f`faths phsbtbvhssherf fj fcpjfh y jl kbgìcb-al fahgñcbal plrl jls rfobh-gfs y sus phejlabhgfs.

Fj alsh kf Lpurãcla fsugh kf jhs cìs bgtfrfslgtfsfg fstf sfgtbkh, pufs sbfgkhugl kf jls rfobhgfs cìs ph-

erfs kfj Yfrþ, tbfgf fj clyhrphtfgablj kf bgvfrsbhgfs cb-gfrls kfj plãs, sbg fcelrohfstf phtfgablj tbfgf kb`baujtl-kfs plrl ahgarftlrsf y ahg- vfrtbrsf fg fcpjfh `hrcljebfg rfcugfrlkh, fg bg`rl-fstruaturl, fg kfclgkl kfebfgfs y sfrvbabhs jhaljfs, fgutbjbklkfs f bcpufsths qufahgtrbeuylg l h`rfafr fkual-abñg y sljuk pþejbals, plrlquf jhs lpurbcfühs tfgolgjl hphrtugbklk kf ohzlr kfjhs efgf`babhs quf jfs h`rf-af jl glturljfzl kf su rf-obñg.

R fs quf kfj aufrh sljfgjls ahrrfls. Qb ghs fs`hrzl-

chs trlelnlgkh, sb mlafchsush lkfaulkh kf jhs rfaur-shs quf ghs h`rfaf fj plãs yuslchs f`babfgtfcfgtf jlsutbjbklkfs f bcpufsths ofgf-rlkhs phr jhs abuklklghs yfcprfsls ̀ hrcljfs, fs prh-elejf quf rfaupfrfchs fj tbfcph pfrkbkh y gufstrhsmbnhs h gbfths vbvlg fg ugplãs khgkf jl clyhrãl ohafkf eufghs sfrvbabhs kf sl-juk, fkualabñg y ebfgfstlr fgofgfrlj, fg rlzñg kfj lprh- vfamlcbfgth kf gufstrlsrfljfs alplabklkfs. Fstì prh-elkh quf jls ljtfrgltbvlsahgtrhjbstls h fstltbstls shgsufühs kf hpbh quf bcpbkfgfj kfslrrhjjh, l`fatlgkh rfjl-

tbvlcfgtf cìs l jhs cìs ph-erfs y l jls orlgkfs clyh-rãls, quf shg jhs quf cìsjh gfafsbtlg.

Lrtãaujh quf kfselrltl jl bgþtbj kbsyugtbvl fgtrf kfslrrhjjh y cltfrbls prbcls.

Ofgfrlr rfaurshs fs fj prbcfr plsh, lprhvfamlrjhs fs ugl tlrfl pfgkbfgtf.

KFJ AVFUH QLJFG JLQ AHUUFLQFsarbef plrl Cugkh Cbgfrh fj Fah. Alrjhs Kbfz Algsfah




Jhs prfabhs kf jhs cftljfs prfabh-shs fstìg fxpfrbcfgtlgkh ug vufjahphsbtbvh fg su tfgkfgabl kfskf lohsthþjtbch. Qfoþg @rlgd U. [wfkkjf, rf-prfsfgtlgtf kf Cbtsub Cftljs y CbtsubEusslg Ahcchkbtbfs, mly ug mfamh rfvfjlkhr fg fstf obrh kf tufral> y fsquf jl ahtbzlabñg kfj hrh vbfgf suebfg-kh l pfslr kf quf jl lprfablabñg kf jhsehghs kfj [fshrh y kfj kñjlr kfefrãlg(ahch sfrãl jñobah bclobglr) bcpujslr-jh l jl elnl. Fj þjtbch <6 kf lohsth, fgf`fath, jl tlsl kfj ehgh kf tfshrh kfFF.VV. l <9 lühs suebñ l 5.=9%, jl tlsl cìs ljtl quf sf mlyl vbsth kfskflohsth kfj 59<<. [wfkkjf rfjltl>

Fj hrh kfebñ elnlr ahg fstl ghtbabl.Fj kñjlr kfebñ suebr ahg fstl ghtbabl. Hau-

Qf lerf jl fspfrlgzl plrl fj hrh y tlcebâg plrl jl pj

YUFABH KFJ CF[LJ KHULKH ML PVFJ[R YHKUÃL JJFOLU L VQ$ 5,999 JL

@rlgd U. [wfkkjf, rfprfsfgtlgtf kf Cbtsub Yrf- abhus Cftljs y Cbtsub Eusslg Ahcchkbtbfs.

rrbñ thkh jh ahgtrlrbh. Bgbabljcfgtf fj hrhelnñ l VQ$ <,159 pfrh gh mueh jl ahgtbgubklk kf ñrkfgfs kf vfgtl. Fj prfabh thcñ fj alcbgh kf cfghs rfsbstfgabl yfsh ̀ uf mlabl lrrbel. Vgl vfz quf fj prf-abh supfrñ fj gbvfj kf VQ$ <,1;6 lpl-rfabñ ugl ̀ ufrtf kfclgkl quf ml jjfvl-kh lj prfabh l afrrlr mhy fg VQ$ <,106.

Mlstl fj kãl kf mhy vlrbhs elgahs ylgljbstls bgajuyfgkh lj Qr. Ghurbfj Uhu-ebgb fstlelg prhghstbalgkh quf fj hrhbrãl l elnlr l gbvfjfs kf VQ$ 299 hVQ$ <,999 kfebkh lj prhgñstbah kf ljzlfg jls tlsls kf bgtfrâs y jl lprfablabñgkfj kñjlr. Gh sâ quâ kbrìg fsths sfüh-rfs lmhrl pfrh mhy fj hrh -plrl`rlsflg-kh l Clrd [wlbg- ghs ml kbamh>‚jls gh- tbabls sherf cb cufrtf shg ljtlcfgtf

fxlofrlkl s–.Jh abfrth fs quf fj hrh ml vfgbkh su-ebfgkh kf clgfrl shstfgbkl kfskf fjsfougkh sfcfstrf kfj 599< aulgkh fs-

tlel l ug phah cfghs kf VQ$ 199 jlhgzl mlstl fj sfougkh sfcfstrf kfj59<< aulgkh ljalgzñ ug phah cìs kfVQ$ <,299. Kfskf fgthgafs ml trlgzl-kh mlabl fj ahstlkh fg fj 59<5 y ahg

tfgkfgabl l jl elnl fg fstf 59<1. Qb-ouf fj orì`bah kfskf fj 599; l jl ̀ faml.

Fg fj 59<1 fg plrtbaujlr mfchs vbsth ugl orlg jbqubklabñg phr fj jlkh kfjhs bgvfrsbhgbstls quf mleãlg ahcprlkhlaabhgfs fg jhs ̀ hgkhs kf hrh ̀ ãsbah cf-

nhr ahghabkhs ahch jhs F[@. Fsths bgvfrsbhgbstls mlg vfgkbkh sus tfgfgablsfg jhs F[@ y mlg bgvfrtbkh ahg cuamãsb-

ch hptbcbsch fg fqubty (rfgtl vlrblejf)fg fcprfsls kf FF.VV. Fg cfghr fsal-jl fsth sf ml vbsth rfpjbalkh fg Furhpl yfg Nlpñg. Yfrh tfgfchs quf vfr jls ah-sls fg pfrspfatbvl. Cuamh sf ml mlejl-kh sherf fj orlg vhjucfg kf vfgtl phrjbqubklabhgfs fg jhs F[@ fstf 59<1. Pfl-chs jls ab`rls. (Pfr tlejl Kfclgkl).

Jl bgvfrsbñg fg jhs F[@ ahcfgzñ fgfj 599;. Fstl bgvfrsbñg lucfgtñ fgtrf<99 y ;99 [C lguljcfgtf fxafpth fgfj 5992 quf `uf fj lüh râahrk plrl jl




=? Cugkh Cbgfrh

L QVEBUHG^L

rsbñg fg F[@. Fsf lüh sf bgvbrtbñug vhjucfg kf 051 [C (59 cbjjh-kf hgzls). Fj lüh plslkh jl bgvfr-ljalgzñ 5?2 [C, pfrh fg fstf1, mlstl mhy <6 kf lohsth, jhs bg-

sbhgbstls mlg rfkuabkh sus tfgfg-phr ug vhjucfg kf 0?9 [C.

Fg ug cfralkh fg fj quf sf kfclg-lprhxbclklcfgtf ;,;99 [C lgulj-gtf ug alcebh kf 2;2 [C fs uglath elstlgtf sbogb`baltbvh (plslr

5?2 [C kf ahcprls l 0?9 [C kftls). [hklvãl jl bgvfrsbñg fg jhs F[@bogb`baltbvl (tbfgfg <,269 [C) pf-stl kfnl kf sfr bcphrtlgtf aulg-gh ahgsbkfrl fj arfabcbfgth fg jl

clgkl phr ̀ ãsbah fg elrrls y chgf-kfebkh prbgabpljcfgtf phr jl ahc-s prhvfgbfgtfs kf Ambgl f Bgkbl.Jl kfclgkl phr ̀ ãsbah fg fj 59<5phr <,5;? [C (;9 cbjjhgfs kf hg-

. Fg fj 59<1 fstl ab`rl sfrì supf-l lcpjblcfgtf. Qf fstbcl quf pl-stf 59<1 shjh jl ahcprl kf hrhh kfskf Bgkbl y Ambgl ljalgzlrì99 [C. Fg rfsucfg, fstf 59<1gvfrsbhgbstls haabkfgtljfs mlg sl-l vfgkfr elnlgkh fj prfabh y jhsgtljfs mlg fstlkh ahgtfgths kf

cprlr fstls hgzls.¸\uâ plslrì kf lquã fg lkfjlgtf8fralkh kfef kf rfaupfrlr su tfg-abl ljabstl. Fs kb ã̀abj prhghstbalr mls-khgkf phkrãl jjfolr fj prfabh, pfrhfamh fs quf kf clgtfgfrsf jl la-phjãtbal ̀ bsalj y chgftlrbl fg jhs

VV. fj prfabh kfj hrh supfrlrãl jhs$ 5,999 phr hgzl. Gh mly sboghslrtf kfj latulj ohebfrgh plrl quf

lpjbquf ugl phjãtbal kf kbsabpjbgllj prhgth.Fsth ahg b̀rcl quf FF.VV. fs ug plãs

ubferl y jl phjãtbal chgftlrbl kfjah afgtrlj tfgkrì quf ahgtbgulrkh fxplgsbvl l ̀ bg kf fvbtlr ug ab-kf kfprfsbñg fahgñcbal. Fg fsfebfgtf vfrfchs ugl fahghcãl ahgs tlsls kf arfabcbfgth pfrh ahgs tlsls kf bg`jlabñg. Glkbf vl lrfr kñjlrfs lj boulj quf mhy glkbfrf tfgfr pfshs fg Lrofgtbgl.

Ylslgkh lj htrh cftlj prfabhsh, jll, fj prfabh kf fstf cftlj ml tfgb-ugl ghtlejf rfaupfrlabñg. Mhy jh

chs vbsth supfrlr jhs VQ$ 51/hg-Fj sboubfgtf orì`bah cufstrl qufrfabh ml suebkh 59% kf prfabh fgþjtbcls ? sfsbhgfs kf cfralkh.Jl pjltl fs fj hrh kf jhs pherfs yfr ug cfralkh = vfafs cìs pf-üh quf fj hrh jhs chvbcbfgths shgs fxlofrlkhs. Lkbabhgljcfgtf l kb-gabl kfj hrh, jl pjltl tbfgf vlrbls

alabhgfs bgkustrbljfs.Fstl sfclgl mfchs vbsth ghtbablstbvls ahg rfspfath l jl prhkuaabñgstrblj fg Ambgl y tlcebâg lafrall rfaupfrlabñg quf sf vbfgf klg-g Ljfclgbl y @rlgabl. Fstls ghvf-fs mlg bg`jubkh phsbtbvlcfgtf fgrfabh kfj cftlj. Lsbcbsch fstl-s fgtrlgkh l ug pfrãhkh kfj lühj quf jl kfclgkl arfaf phr jl fs-ñg y gh sfrãl ugl shrprfsl vfrjl pjltl ljalgaf fgtrf VQ$ 19 y

$ 16 phr hgzl lgtfs kf ̀ bg kf lüh.Fstl rfabfgtf suebkl kf prfabh ml

hesfrvlkl ahg ltfgabñg phr jhsfaujlkhrfs prh`fsbhgljfs y lmhrls fstlrìg pfgkbfgtfs kf bgvfrtbr fgcfralkh quf kfcufstrl eufghsklcfgths phr su l`bgbklk ahg fjy phr jl cfnhrl fg jl kfclgkl bg-trblj.

Jl h`frtl ml arfabkh kf clgfrlclrobglj kfebkh l quf jl alãkl fgrfabh elnlrl fj gbvfj kf h`frtl prh-fgtf phr fj rfabajlnf kf 569 cbjjh-

gfs kf hgzls l 599 cbjjhgfs kf hgzls. Jl h`frtl kfj sfathr cb-gfrh gh ml arfabkh. Qf clgtbfgf fg ?=? cbjjhgfs kf hgzls. Jlh`frtl fs fgthgafs afralgl l jhs <,999 (cbj) cbjjhgfs kf hgzls.

Jl kfclgkl prhvfgbfgtf kf jls lpjbalabhgfs bgkustrbljfs,kf jl bgkustrbl nhyfrl, kf jl ̀ hthorì`bal, kf jl pjltfrãl y kf jl gu-cbscìtbal sucl =69 cbjjhgfs. Fsh shjh kfnl <69 cbjjhgfs kfhgzls jberfs plrl jhs bgvfrsbhgbstls. Fstf vhjucfg fs rfljcfgtfcuy phah kurlgtf tbfcphs kf bgafrtbkucerf fahgñcbal fgFF.VV. - jl prbcfrl fahghcãl kfj cugkh.



Ufl`brclgkh su ahcprhcbsh ahgjl bgghvlabñg y f`babfgabl y eusalgkh

lucfgtlr jl prhkuatbvbklk kf susajbfgtfs, Plrfj Bgtfrgltbhglj, fc-prfsl jãkfr l gbvfj cugkblj fg ̀ lerb-alabñg kf erhals cbgfrls, lgugabñquf jl prñxbcl Ahgvfgabñg CbgfrlYFUVCBG 59<1 ml sbkh jl halsbñgfjfobkl plrl fj jlgzlcbfgth kf suchkfrgl tfaghjhoãl UYQ (UhtlryYfraussbhg Qystfc), ugl mfrrlcbfg-

tl quf pfrcbtbrì fj bgarfcfgth kf jl vfjhabklk kf pfgftrlabñg fg jl pfr-`hrlabñg.

Lj rfspfath, fj bgofgbfrh PãathrAhefül, Kbrfathr Fnfautbvh kf PlrfjBgtfrgltbhglj plrl Jltbghlcârbal,clgb`fstñ quf ‚fj UYQ fs jl ljtfrgltbvl kf shjuabñg l jl arbsbs quf fxpf-rbcfgtlg jhs ahsths hpfrltbvhs kfjls fcprfsls kf pfr`hrlabñg. Fstl tfaghjhoãl bgarfcfgtl jl vfjhabklkkf pfgftrlabñg y kl cfnhr utbjbzl-abñg l jl ̀ jhtl, clyhr kbsphgbebjbklk

kf fqubphs plrl jl pfr`hrlabñg, jhquf fvbtl fj olsth kf bgvfrsbñg kf

alpbtlj fg fqubphs. Lülkbñ quf ‚fstl mfrrlcbfgtl gh vljf jh quf vljf

ugl pfr`hrlkhrl. Fs ug ahgsucbejf–.Jl latulj ahyugturl fahgñcbal y jl alãkl kfj prfabh kf jhs ahcch-kbtbfs, mlg rftrlãkh jls bgvfrsbhgfsfg fj sfathr cbgfrh. @rfgtf l fjjh, Plrfj Bgtfrgltbhgljlcpjãl su h`frtl y h r̀faf fstl ljtfrgltbvl kf shjuabñgquf, kfpfgkbfgkh kf jl jbthjhoãl, puf-kf bgarfcfgtlr fgtrf <9 y 19% jl

vfjhabklk kf pfgftrlabñg.Lsbcbsch, ahg`brcñ quf yl ml

sbkh prhelkl ahg âxbth fg Lustrljbl, y quf latuljcfgtf FF.VV. fstì kfs-auerbfgkh sus efgf`babhs. ‚Fj UYQ jhfstlchs trlyfgkh lj Yfrþ plrl fjprhyfath kf lcpjblabñg kf Afrrh Pfrkf, quf lkhjfaãl kf ug prhejfclkf vfjhabklk kf pfgftrlabñg. Ahg fstl tfaghjhoãl, jf trlfchs jl shju-abñg–, rfvfjñ fj bgofgbfrh Ahefül.

Jl prfsfgtlabñg kf Plrfj Bgtfr-gltbhglj fg fj fvfgth cbgfrh cìs

bcphrtlgtf kf fstl plrtf kfj cugkhahgtlrì ahg jl prfsfgabl kf jls cì-

xbcls luthrbklkfs kf jl alsl cltrbzkf Plrfj. Lsã, ghs vbsbtlrìg Qpffk

Ahjjbgoswhrtm, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl Kbvb-sbñg Cbgfrl4 fj Pbafprfsbkfgtf kf jlKbvbsbñg kf Bgofgbfrãl, Klvbk Mlrrbgo-

thg4 Ebjj Dbgo Kbrfathr kf Clrdftbgo y Yrhpbfklk Bgtfjfatulj4 y sf fstìphr ahg`brclr jl prfsfgabl kf OrfoMlwjfy, Ofrfgtf kf Pfgtls kf jl Jã-gfl kf Yrhkuaths UYQ l gbvfj cug-kblj. [hkhs fsths fnfautbvhs sf ugb-rìg l jl pjlgl kf Plrfj fg Yfrþ, yhrolgbzlrìg ugl prfsfgtlabñg kfprbcfr gbvfj fg Lrfqubpl.

Yhr htrh jlkh, bgkbañ quf sf vbfgfkfslrrhjjlgkh tfaghjhoãl kf erhalskf rhklcbfgths sfjjlkhs. L kb`frfg-abl kf sus trlkbabhgljfs erhals kfrhklcbfgths lebfrths, fstls tlc-ebâg lyuklg l bgarfcfgtlr jl vfjhab-klk kf pfr`hrlabñg, y, lkfcìs, lu-cfgtlg jl vbkl kf jl erhal.

‚Fg jl erhal sfjjlkl gh mly abr-aubth kf lbrf. Mly ug rfsfrvhrbh kf

orlsl bgtfrgl ahg ug rfshrtf y ugahcpfgslkhr. L cfkbkl quf vl rh- tlgkh jl erhal, vl shjtlgkh orlsll trlvâs kf su pfr`hrlabñg, juerb-algkh y fg`rblgkh jhs rhklcbfgths–, fxpjbañ Ahefül.

Cftl lcebabhsl lj 59<6

Plrfj Bgtfrgltbhglj, ahcplüãl`ugklkl fg <2;? phr Klg Plrfj, jh-orñ fj 59<5 jl clyhr ̀ laturlabñg ljh jlroh kf su mbsthrbl. Fstf jhorh jll`blgzl kf alrl l jl orlg cftl qufsf ml ̀ bnlkh jl Yrfsbkfgabl lj 59<6.

Plrfj Bgtfrgltbhglj ahg`brcñ jlgzlcbfgth kf gufvl tfaghjhoãlkf pfr`hrlabñg kurlgtf fj prñxbch YFUVCBG

Fj jãkfr fg `lerbalabñg kf erhals cbgfrls mlrì fj jlgzlcbfgth kf su sbstfcl UYQ, fj aulj pfrcbtbrì lucfgtlr, kf laufrkh l jljbthjhoãl, fgtrf <9 y 19% jl vfjhabklk kf pfgftrlabñg. Ahg fstf lvlgaf, fcprfsl kl ljtfrgltbvl kf shjuabñg y rfkuaf ahsths fgtbfcphs kf kfslafjfrlabñg kf bgvfrsbhgfs fg fj sfathr cbgfrh. Fj 59<5 fxpfrbcfgtñ su clyhr lüh kf `laturlabñg mbstñrbah, yfspfrl plrl 59<6 plrtbabplr fg fj 69% kfj cfralkh kf erhals l gbvfj cugkblj.

Ylrl fsf lüh, jl fcprfsl tbfgf ah-ch henftbvh tfgfr fj 69% kf plrtbab-plabñg fg fj cfralkh cugkblj, lr-kul tlrfl fg jl quf vbfgfg trlel-

nlgkh sus cìs kf <,599 fcpjflkhsl gbvfj cugkblj.Kfskf jl sfkf kf su alsl cltrbz

fg Alrrhjjthg, [fxls, jjfol l jhs abg-ah ahgtbgfgtfs. Fg aulgth l rfobh-gfs, Jltbghlcârbal ml sbkh jl qufclyhr ̀ laturlabñg ml rfphrtlkh kflaufrkh lj þjtbch lüh ̀ bsalj ghrtfl-cfrbalgh, sfoubkh kf Lsbl, Ghrtfl-cârbal, Furhpl y Cfkbh Hrbfgtf.

‚Fj 59<5 ̀ uf eufgh pfrh pukhsfr cfnhr. Ghshtrhs gh mfchs el- nlkh prfabhs, pfrh mfchs cfnhrl-kh f`babfgabl. Ofgfrljcfgtf lj elnlr prfabhs, elnls jl aljbklk kf tus

prhkuaths. Gh vfgkfchs phr prfabh, vfgkfchs aljbklk y sfrvbabhfsl fs gufstrl ̀ bjhsh`ãl–, sfüljl fg`ìtbalcfgtf Ahefül.

Fj jãkfr fg ̀laturlabñg y ̀ lerbalabñgkf erhals cbgfrls aufgtl ahg ugl lcpjbl olcl kf kbìcftrhs, quf vlg kfskf jhs kf 5 ?/=– mlstl jls 10–, prfplrlkls plrl thkls jls ̀ hrclabhgfssulvfs, cfkbls, kurls y fxtrlkurls

Jls prbgabpljfs ahcplüãls cbgfrlskfj cugkh utbjbzlg erhals Plrfj> PljffErlsbj4@rffphrt CaChrlg, fg FF.VVEMY Ebjjbthg fg Lustrljbl4 Lgojh Lcfrbalg fg thkh Ambjf y Elrrbad fg Pfjlkfrh, Qhutmfrg, fg [hqufpljl y Aul nhgf fg fj Yfrþ, Afrrh Pfrkf, @CBYfrþ, Yualclral kf Cbgsur, QlgtlJubsl, fgtrf htrhs fg fj Yfrþ.

Aulrfgtl y abgah lühkf fxpfrbfgabl y trlelnh fg pfr`hrlabñg

vhjlkurl, mbabfrhg qufj bgofgbfrh kf cbglsPãathr Ahefül sfl fprh`fsbhglj bkñgfh plrl jjfvlr jls rbfgkls kfugl glabfgtf suaurslkf Plrfj fg Yfrþ, ljjìphr <222. Althralühs kfspuâs, jl fcprfsl fs jãkfr kfj sfathr. ‚Arflchs cfralkh y ̀ bkfjbzlchs ajbfgtfs fg elsf l ahgafpths sbcpjfs y f`babfgtfs ahch> aljbklk, rfgkbcbfgth, fgtrfol sfrvbabh tâagbah fspfabljbzlkh.

Jl tfaghjhoãl UYQ sfrì fxmbebkl fg YFUVCBG, fg jhs stlgks 205-201 kf Plrfj Bgtfrgltbhglj, fg fj Ylefjjñg Lcfrbalgh. FJ UYQ fstì kbsfülkh plrl lpjb- alabñg fg rhals kurls y fxtrlkurls.

== Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1




=2 Cugkh Cbgfrh




Fj pufejh kf Fspbglr jf fxbof lj Fstlkh yl gh mlejlr kfj prhejfcl sbgh kf jl shjuabñgVgh kf jhs ahg`jbaths shabhlcebfgtljfs cìs ahcpjfnhs y kf clyhr kltl fs fj quf bgvhjuarl l jl fcprfsl ]strltl[bgtlyl y jl ahcugbklk auzqufül kf Fspbglr. Eusalgkh fgahgtrlr ljougls rfspufstls, Cugkh Cbgfrh ahgvfrsñ ahgCboufj Hvbfkh, lsfshr y rfprfsfgtlgtf kf jl shabfklk abvbj lgtf jl Cfsl kf Kbìjhoh, qubfg kfscbtb`bal jl lvfrsbñg kfjl phejlabñg ahg jl cbgfrãl y ghs fxpjbal jl rfsphgslebjbklk kf jhs kbstbgths lathrfs. Lkfcìs, ghs rfsphgkf sb jhsoruphs lgtbcbgfrhs rfljcfgtf tbfgfg ahch henftbvh fj ebfgfstlr kfj fgthrgh y kf jl phejlabñg y añch jh kfcufstrlg.

Oubjjfrch Hvbfkh fs leholkh phr jl Yhgtb`babl Vgbvfrsbklk Altñjbal kfj Yfrþ Lsbcbsch, rfljbzñ ugl Clfstrl fg Ofrfgabl kf Yrhyfaths phr jl Vgbvfrsbklkf \uffgsjlgk fg Lustrljbl.

‚Qb jls HGO, l pfslr kf su rfamlzh, sboufg, fs phrquf fj ljaljkf prhvbgablj kf Fspbglr, Ñsalr Chjjhmulgal, jhs ml ghcerlkh ahch sus lsfshrfs–, kfgugabl Hvbfkh, trls fxpjbalr quf fstls gh aufgtlg ahg fj rfspljkh kf jl phejlabñg phr sbgalplabklk plrl prhphgfr shjuabhgfs.

[rls fj ahg`jbath, quf tuvh su pugth cìs ìjobkh fg clyh kfj lüh plslkh, fxbstf jl bkfl kf quf Fspbglr fs ugl zhgl

lgtbcbgfrl kf phr sã. ̧ Fs fsh abfrth8

Jl ofgtf gh fs lgtbcbgfrlfg jh leshjuth. Qã sf ml clg- tfgbkh jl plz shablj fg fsthscfsfs kf ahg j̀bath fs orlablsl jl shabfklk abvbj. R fsh qufmueh rlzhgfs plrl quf jl bc-plabfgabl bcpfrf. Fs jl cbs-cl phejlabñg jl quf arff qufahg vbhjfgabl gh sf jhorl gl-kl. Bgafgtbvl jhs fsplabhs, prh-phgf ugl plrtbabplabñg latbvlplrl trltlr kf rfaupfrlr y ghkf kfabr gh l jls ahsls.

¸Añch fgtbfgkfg jl cbgf- rãl8

Mly ugl ahgafpabñg kf jllatbvbklk cbgfrl ahch ̀ufgtfkf kfslrrhjjh, fg thkh fj sfgtb-kh kf jl pljlerl. Gh ahch uglhphrtugbklk kf fcpjfh, sbghahch ugl ̀ufgtf kf rfaurshsplrl fj arfabcbfgth. Qbg fc-elroh, fg cb hpbgbñg, fstl fsugl alrol cuy ̀ ufrtf plrl jlsfcprfsls. Arfh quf kfefg ahgtrbeubr lj kfslrrhjjh pfrh gh tbf-gfg phr quâ mlafrjh.

¸Fs phr fj pfjborh kf rffc- pjlzlr lj Fstlkh8

Auljqubfr ahsl quf mlolssfrì, kf ljougl clgfrl, rffc-pjlzlr lj Fstlkh. Auljqubfr tb-ph kf herl, kf lyukl shablj, jl

fgclralrfchs ahch ahcpftfgabl fstltlj. Fsf fs ug frrhr.

Fstìs hejbolkh l ahgtrbeubr, ghl kf`bgbr jh quâ fs kfslrrhjjh.Bgajush fj [rbeuglj Ahgstbtuabh-glj l`brcl quf sbfcprf sf

plrtbabpl ahg ljoubfg cìs4 ghfg shjbtlrbh, sbgh fg ahgnugth.

¸Auìj ̀ uf fj prbgabplj frrhr kf jl fcprfsl8

Arfh quf jl fcprfsl sffqubvhal fg trfs tfcls bcphrtlgtfs. Fg prbcfr juolr, lphs- tñ phr ug rlgoh kf ljalgafcuy lcpjbh. Jl cbgl fstì fg Rlurb y sbg fcelroh kfstbgl-rhg ̀ hgkhs y ltfgkbfrhg l kbstbgths kbstrbths cugbabpljfs quffstìg l ughs 19 y mlstl ;9dbjñcftrhs kf jl cbgl. Fg sf-ougkh juolr, gh jhorñ kfslrrh-jjlr jls ahgkbabhgfs plrl bgtfr-latulr y slefr bgvhjuarlrsfahg fj Fstlkh. Gh sf prhpujsñ

bgtfrrfjlabñg gb sf lpugtñ lug shjh henftbvh kf kfslrrhjjh.

Yhr þjtbch, fg cb hpbgbñg,jl rfjlabñg ahcugbtlrbl kfef tfgfr htrh fg h̀quf. Jls ìrflskf rfsphgslebjbklk shablj tbf-gfg quf sfr lathrfs, sb ebfgkf jl fcprfsl, pfrh kfnlgkhfg ajlrh quf su henftbvh kf trl-elnh shg jls ahcugbklkfs. Fs- th gh fs ug ahg`jbath kf bgtf-râs. Fstls kfefg sfr lofgtfskf alcebh y vbvbr fg ahgstlgtfgfohablabñg bgtfrgl. Qhg jl vhzkf jl ahcugbklk kfgtrh kf jlfcprfsl.

¸Auìj fs fj orlkh kf rfsphgslebjbklk kfj Fstlkh8

Arfh quf fg fj Fstlkh gh

mly hrolgbabklk. Mlstl lmhrlgh jhorl fstruaturlrsf plrlklr rfspufstl l fsths tfcls.Latþlg kf ̀ hrcl cuy lbsjlkl

tlgth fj Cbgbstfrbh kf Fgfr-oãl y Cbgls, fj Cbgbstfrbh kfjLcebfgtf, ahch jl H`babgl kfKbìjhoh y Qhstfgbebjbklk kf jlYAC. Yhr fnfcpjh, fg Fspb-glr, fj CBGLC fs fj quf kljls plutls fg jl Cfsl kf Kbì-jhoh. Gh sf sbfgtf y gh sf vffsf henftbvh ahcþg kf jh qufsf eusal ahch Fstlkh plrlrfshjvfr fstf prhejfcl.

¸Fxbstf ahgtlcbglabñg fg Fspbglr8 ¸Auìgkh sf slerì su prhafkfgabl8

Fxbstf ahgtlcbglabñg, fshfs ljoh h`bablj y rfahghabkh.Mlstl khgkf sâ mueh ugl kf-ajlrlabñg kfj Fstlkh plrl kf-

tfrcbglr jl alusljbklk, pfrhgh sf ml vufjth l trltlr fj tf-cl. Gh mueh lofgkl plrl fjl-ehrlr ug pjlg kf lukbthrãl.

Jl phejlabñg jf ml kbamh ljFstlkh ‚yl gh cf mlejfs kfjprhejfcl, kbcf ahch shju-abhglchs fj prhejfcl–. Qb gh vfg shjuabhgfs, fs jñobah qufsf eusqufg rfsphgslejfs.

Fj prhejfcl kf jhs oruphslgtbcbgfrhs

¸Jhs oruphs quf sf hphgfg l jl cbgfrãl rfljcfgtf eusalg fj ebfgfstlr lcebfgtlj y shablj kf jl ofgtf8

Gh, cìs quf cb hpbgbñg shgjhs mfamhs. Yrhplolg jl bkflfrrñgfl kf quf fj Fstlkh jfskbh jbafgabls l jls fcprfslsplrl quf bgvlklg fj tfrrbthrbhkf jl ofgtf. Qbg fcelroh, jlsphejlabhgfs yl sf mlg bg`hrcl-kh y slefg quf jls fcprfslscbgfrls gh pufkfg bgorfslrl ug tfrrbthrbh sb fs quf gh jfs vfgkfg jls tbfrrls. Lsã kf sbc-pjf. Gh mly phkfr kbvbgh gb mu-clgh quf luthrbaf h lvljf prf-sfgabl kf latbvbklk cbgfrl sbfs quf lgtfs jl phejlabñg gh vfgkbñ sus tbfrrls. Yhr htrhjlkh, sb jh quf eusalg fs kfabrgh l jl cbgfrãl, kfefrãlg prh-phgfr jls latbvbklkfs fahgñ-cbals quf tf pfrcbtlg gh gf-afsbtlr fstl bgkustrbl.

R fg fj alsh Fspbglr. ̧ Gh prhphgfg alcebhs ljtfrghs8

Vg tfcl quf trlf sbfcprf tfgsbhgfs fs fj loul. Fsths

oruphs l b̀rclg quf ‚jl fcprf-sl ahcpbtf ahgtboh phr fj

loul–. Jl jfy fs ajlrl fg fj ushprbclrbh kfj rfaursh. Qb yh ghqubfrh quf gbgougl bgkustrbl thquf cbs louls, hrolgbzh lcb phejlabñg plrl quf fstllaafkl. Alutfjh cb rfaurshphrquf yh jh ush.

Fg Fspbglr gugal sf mlg hr-olgbzlkh l jls ahcugbklkfsplrl arflr nugtls kf usulrbhkf louls plrl utbjbzlr, gb plrlfstukbhs kf pfr`bjfs. Mly `hr-cls ahgstruatbvls kf arflr fs-afglrbhs khgkf abfrtls latbvb-klkfs fahgñcbals gh shg gf-afslrbls, pfrh gh sf mlafg.

¸Yufkfs klrghs ug fnfcpjh kf jl bgtfrvfgabñg gfoltb-

vl kf plrtf kf jls HGO»s u hrolgbzlabhgfs phjãtbals fg fj ahg`jbath kf Fspbglr8

Fg clrzh plslkh kurlgtfjl gfohablabñg kfj AhgvfgbhClrah, ug phjãtbah kfj Ylrtbkh[bfrrl y Jbefrtlk jf kbnh l jlphejlabñg quf jhs prfabhs kfjhs cftljfs, fg fspfablj fj kfjaherf, gh belg l elnlr. L b̀rcñquf fg jhs prñxbchs 1 lühs fjprfabh bel l fstlr fstlejf. Fxb-obñ, phr fjjh, rfaurshs lkuabfg-kh quf jl fcprfsl bel l olglrcuamh kbgfrh, hjvbklgkh jlsgfafsbklkfs kf kfslrrhjjh qufkfeãlg auerbrsf. Lsã, jl rfsphg-slebjbklk shablj y fj kfslrrhjjhshstfgbejf sf suehrkbglrhg lugl bkfl gftlcfgtf rfgtbstl.

Fstf tbph kf bgtfrvfgabhgfsshg jlcfgtlejfs. Jl shabfklkabvbj yl mleãl lafptlkh quf jhslphrtfs rfoujlkhs fg fj Ahg- vfgbh Clrah kfeãlg sfr ahc-

pjfcfgtlrbhs l jhs rfaurshspþejbahs, phtfgabìgkhjhs, jh

quf arflrãl ugl sbgfrobl kf bg vfrsbñg shablj. Fg ahgsfaufgabl, jhs rfaurshs pþejbahs y pr vlkhs tfgkrãlg cìs vljhr. Kfsorlablklcfgtf, thkh fstf fs`ufrzh sf vbh bgtfrrucpbkh phfstl brrfsphgslejf latulabñg

¸Auìj fs fj sfgtbr kf jlphejlabñg rfspfath l fstlsHGOs8

Mly ugl gfoltbvl kf jl phejlabñg rfspfath l fstls hrolgbzlabhgfs. Fg vlrbls hphr tugbklkfs jls mlg aufstbhglkh y cuamhs sfathrfs kf jlphejlabñg jhs fstìg vftlgkhYhr kfsorlabl, sf vlg l clg tfgfr fg jl cfkbkl fg quf jl

sfgslabñg kf gfafsbklk sfclgtfgol.Yfrh sf clgtbfgfg lþg.Qb jls HGO, l pfslr kf su

rfamlzh, sboufg, fs phrquf fljaljkf prhvbgablj kf FspbglrÑsalr Chjjhmulgal, jhs mlghcerlkh ahch sus lsfshrfs. Fj ljaljkf ghcerñ ahchlsfshrfs l ofgtf kf jl HGOAhhpfrlaabñg y jl Pbalrbl, ghjl phejlabñg.

¸Arffs quf vufjvfg l fjfobr l Chjjhmulgal8

Mly 5 alrls kf ugl chgfkl. Fj ljaljkf ohzl kf lprfablabñg pfrshglj. Yfrh jl phejlabñg sf ml klkh aufgtl qufkfskf ug pugth kf vbstl kfofstbñg cugbabplj ml kfnlkhcuamh quf kfsflr. Ahch pfrshgl, gh kfnlrì kf tfgfr phpujlrbklk sfourlcfgtf. Ahchofsthr, ahch jãkfr, yl gh tbfgfjl cbscl lafptlabñg ahg jlquf `uf fjfobkh.




2< Cugkh Cbgfrh


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mundo-minero-301-agosto-setiembre-2013 100/15625 Cugkh Cbgfrh

Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

\ubfrh lorlkfafr lj Kbrfa- thrbh, lj bgofgbfrh Uñcujh Cu-amh, lj Bgstbtuth kf Bgofgbfrhskf Cbgls kfj Yfrþ (BBCY), y ljl Ofrfgabl Ofgfrlj fgalrolkl

kf fstf YFUVCBG 1<h Ahgvfg-abñg Cbgfrl. Gufstrl prhyfa-abñg plrl fstf fvfgth fs rfabebrl cìs kf ?6 cbj plrtbabplgtfs.Fstf fs ug mfamh cuy bcphr-

tlgtf, y ghs ahgvfrtbrãl fg fjfvfgth cbgfrh cìs orlgkf kfjcugkh, lahrkf ahg jh quf fjYfrþ cbgfrh tbfgf kf phtfgablj.

Kfskf fj lüh <26;, fj BBCY vbfgf jjfvlgkh l aleh fj YFUV-CBG. Jls gufvf þjtbcls vfrsbh-gfs sf kfslrrhjjlrhg fg fj alc-ph ̀ frblj kf [FAQVY fg Lrfqub-pl. Qbg fcelroh, plrl fstl fkb-abñg thclchs jl kfabsbñg kfcuklrghs l Afrrh Nujb. Qb fg fjYFUVCBG 19 tuvbchs 0? cbjc5, fg Afrrh Nujb qufklrìg bc-prfsbhglkhs ahg <19 cbj c5.Fj juolr fstì fg ugl jhalabñgbcphrtlgtf kf Lrfqubpl, y mlcfrfabkh ugl bgvfrsbñg kf <9cbjjhgfs kf shjfs, jh quf lsfou-rl ugl sfkf l jl ljturl y lj gþ-cfrh kf plrtbabplgtfs quf fs-pfrlchs rfabebr.

Fg aulgth l ahgsuch fjâa- trbah rfqufrbchs fj khejf kf jl vfrsbñg lgtfrbhr. Yrfabslrfchskf 1C_, ab`rl clyhr l jh qufahgsucf fj afgtrh ahcfrabljcìs orlgkf kf Lrfqubpl. Lkf-

cìs, plrl klrjf clyhr ̀ jfxbebjb-klk lj fvfgth, jjfolchs l uglaufrkh ahg fj BYK quf tbfgffj ìrfl ahgfxl l Afrrh Nujb pl-rl bgstljlr fg fsf juolr fj afg-

trh kf tfaghjhoãl f bg`hrcl-abñg. Fs bcphrtlgtf cfgabhglrquf lsb fstlchs kfnlgkh ugafgtrh kf ahgvfgabhgfs kf gb-

vfj bgtfrglabhglj plrl Lrfqubpl.

Mfchs mfamh ugl sfrbf kfljblgzls ̀ ruatã`frls. Ghs sfgtl-chs ahg kb`frfgtfs sfathrfsahch fj CFC, C[A y fj Ohebfr-gh Ufobhglj kf Lrfqubpl. Fstfþjtbch ghs ml prfstlkh ugl ah-jlehrlabñg suclcfgtf bcphr-

tlgtf plrl fj kfslrrhjjh kfherls vbljfs y jl ̀ bgljbzlabñg kfjls herls kf rfchkfjlabñg kfjlfrhpufrth, quf lþg fstìg pfg-kbfgtfs pfrh quf fspfrlchs fs-

tâg jbstls plrl rfabebr l thkhsjhs vbsbtlgtfs. Kfj cbsch ch-kh, lorlkfafr l jls cugbabpljb-klkfs kbstrbtljfs, l jl Yhjbaãl Gl-abhglj kfj Yfrþ, qubfg olrlgtb-zlrì jl sfourbklk kfj fvfgth,l jl shabfklk olstrhgñcbal kfLrfqubpl, fgtrf htrhs. Mfchs

vbsbtlkh jls bgstljlabhgfs y shstfgbkh rfugbhgfs ahg fj Yrfsb-kfgtf Ufobhglj, y jfs lsfourhquf mfchs pufsth cuamh fs-`ufrzh plrl quf fstf fvfgth tfg-ol jl aljbklk cugkblj quf thkhsfspfrlchs.

Mfchs lsfourlkh jl plrtbab-

Jlgzlcbfgth YFUVCBG 1<h AhgvfgabñKbsaursh h`bablj kfj Bgo. Lerlmlc Amlmuìg, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl Ahcbsbñg

plabñg kf ;9 plãsfs phr prbcf-rl vfz fg jl mbsthrbl kfj fvfgth.Fsh tlcebâg vbfgf kf jl clghahg fj phtfgablj cbgfrh pfrul-gh, jls phsbebjbklkfs kf bgvfr-

sbñg y jls phsbebjbklkfs kfj plãs.Fj bcplath fg aulgth l mhs-

pfklnf sf cbkf fg <<5 ljhnl-cbfgths y cìs kf 1,999 al-cls hauplkls4 fs kfabr, Lrf-qubpl fstì ahplkl. Jl cbgfrãl

vl thclr jl abuklk. Fj phtfgabljcbgfrh kfj sur y jl vfabgklk kfjl fxplgsbñg kf Afrrh Pfrkfahg`hrclg ug chcfgth plrll`blgzlr jl orlg hphrtugbklkquf sbogb`bal jl cbgfrãl, ugl ph-sbebjbklk kf kfslrrhjjh, kf cfnh-rl kf jl aljbklk kf vbkl, kf ahjl-ehrlabñg ahg fj kfslrrhjjh kfbg`rlfstruaturl, sljuk y fkual-abñg l zhgls quf cuamls vf-afs gh sf efgf`bablg.

Fg trlgsphrtf lârfh rfobs- trlchs ;< vufjhs> 15 kf bkl y<= kf rforfsh. Fj lfrhpufrthkf Lrfqubpl fstì fg su ̀ lsf ̀ b-glj kf rfchkfjlabñg. Lsbcbs-ch, sf mlg mfamh ugl sfrbf kfahjlehrlabhgfs bgstbtuabhgljfsahg AHGLKBQ y Jbol Yfrulglahgtrl Juaml ahgtrl fj Aìgafr,jh quf ghs kl rfljaf y ghs phsb-ebjbtl jl lyukl l htrls bgstbtu-abhgfs.

Lj fvfgth jh mfchs qufrbkhlsbcbjlr lj ahgtfxth latulj> cb-

gfrãl ahch mfrrlcbfgtl kf bg-ajusbñg shablj. Aulgkh ahgvfr-sh kfj tfcl ahg jhs laabhgbstlskf jl ahcplüãl quf kbrbnh, jfsbgkbah quf tfgfchs ugl fxaf-jfgtf hphrtugbklk quf gh tbf-gfg htrhs sfathrfs. Jh quf jl

cbgfrãl bcpjbal, sus bgvfrsbhgfs y jh quf ofgfrl, cufstrlugl kb`frfgabl trfcfgkl ahghtrls bgkustrbls.

Mlaf phahs kãls l trlvâs kfjl QGCYF ahgarftlchs ug bg

Ufprhkuabch

fj kbsaursh kfjlgzlcbfgth kf YFUVCBG 1<Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl fxpufsth fj 55 kf lohsth, fg fj clrah kfj Nufvfs Cbgfrh. Jl `frbl cbgfrl cìs bcphrtlgtf kfj cugkh,quf fspfrl rfabebr l cìskf ?6 cbj plrtbabplgtfsfg gufvl sfkf, ml sbogb`balkh

ugl bgvfrsbñgkf cìs kf <9cbjjhgfs kf shjfs.



Bgo. Frgfsth Elfrtj Chgthrb, Yrf- sbkfgtf kf jl ]BBB Ahgvfgabñg, quf tuvh phr sfkf Lrfqubpl, fg <2?0.

Bgo. Klgbfj Uhkrãoufz Mhyjf, qubfg prfsbkbñ jl ]BP Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl fg <2?=, fg Jbcl.

Bgo. Cboufj Kf Hrefohsh, qubfgprfsbkbñ fg [runbjjh jl ]P Ahgvfg-abñg Cbgfrl, fg <2=9.

Bgo. Lgkrâs Erlvh, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl ]B Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, quf sf rfljbzñ fg Jbcl, fg <202.

Bgo. Alrjhs Jhrft kf Chjl, qubfg prfsbkbñ jl ]BB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl,quf sf rfljbzñ fg Jbcl, fg <2?5.

Bgo. Fkolrkh Yhrtlrh, Yrfsbkfgtfkf jl P Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, afjf-

erlkl fg <262, tlcebâg fg Jbcl.

Bgo. Klvbk Eljjñg, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl PB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, rfljbzlkl fg <209, fg Afrrh kf Ylsah.

Bgo. Ljefrth Erlzzbgb, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl PBB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, quf sf rfljbzñ fg Jbcl fg <20<.

Bgo. Clgufj Jjhsl, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl PBBB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, quf sf afjferñ fg [lrcl, fg <201.

Bgo. Ljefrth Efglvbkfs, Yrfsbkfg-tf kf jl ] y ]]B Ahgvfgabhgfs, af-jferlkls fg Jbcl y fg Bal fg <20?y <221, rfspfatbvlcfgtf.

Bgo. Mfrglgkh Jlelrtmf, Yrfsbkfg- tf kf jl B Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, afjf-

erlkl fg Jbcl fg <26;.

Bgo. Frgfsth Elfrtj Qamujtz, Yrfsb- kfgtf kf jl BB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl,

rfljbzlkl fg Jbcl fg <266.

B go. Aâslr Uhspbojbhsb, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl BBB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, afjf-

erlkl fg Jbcl fg <260.

Bgo. Lurfjbh Cbrlgkl, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl BP Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, afjf-

erlkl fg Jbcl fg <26?.

Bgo. @fjbpf Elutbstl, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl B] Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, auyl sfkf ùf fg Afrrh kf Ylsah, fg <206.

Ahrrãlg jhs prbcfrhs cfsfskf <261 y trfs lühs lgtfs, kurlg-

tf fj ohebfrgh kfj ofgfrlj ClgufjHkrãl, sf mleãl prhcujolkh fj Añ-kboh kf Cbgfrãl kf <269, fj cbs-ch quf ̀ uf rfklatlkh phr fj Bgo.Clrbh Qlclcâ Ehoobh, quf ahgs-

tbtuyñ ugl ghrcl kf orlg bcphrtlgabl aljb`balkl kf cuy phsbtbvlphrquf fg sã, frl fj rfjlgzlcbfgthkf jl cbgfrãl phr jls fghrcfs ph-sbebjbklkfs kfj Yfrþ, phsffkhr kfbgofgtfs rfaurshs cbgfrhs.

Jl ghrcl jfolj lgtfrbhr lj Añ-kboh kf Cbgls kfj lüh <269 frllkvfrsh y ahcpjfnh plrl jl bgkus-

trbl cbgfrl glabhglj, elnh ugl jf-obsjlabñg bgnustl, bgabfrtl y ahg ̀ rf-aufgabl ahgtrlkbathrbl quf, lj lu-cfgtlr rbfsohs y kfsljfgtlr fx-pfatltbvls, lafgtulel fj alrìatfrljflthrbh kf ugl bgkustrbl qufsufjf fstlr l cfrafk kf jh bcprf-

vbsth.

Lj fgtrlr fg vbofgabl fj Añkboh

kf <269, prhcujolkh fj <5 kfclyh kf fsf cbsch lüh, jl prh-kuaabñg cbgfrl kfj Yfrþ, quf frlfsalsl y mlstl rbkãaujl (Yfrþ prh-kuaãl lpfgls 5?9,999 hgzls kfhrh, 299 dbjhs kf pjltl y ;;,999

thgfjlkls kf aherf), ahcfgzñ llucfgtlr ghtlejfcfgtf, pufsprhchvbñ jl bgvfrsbñg gh sñjh fgfj ìcebth kf jhs fcprfslrbhs cb-gfrhs glabhgljfs, quf ùfrhg jhsprbcfrhs fg klr fj fnfcpjh, pufsfrl, ahch sbouf sbfgkh lmhrl, jlplutl fnfcpjlr y ̀ ugklcfgtlj pl-rl quf jls bgstbtuabhgfs `bglg-abfrls y jhs oruphs cbgfrhs fx-

trlgnfrhs tlcebâg ahcfgzlrlgl alpbtljbzlr jhs `hgkhs kfstbgl-khs l jl fxpjhrlabñg y lj kfslrrh-jjh kf gufvls cbgls fg gufstrhplãs, bgtfrfslrsf alkl vfz cìsphr jl phtfgabljbklk ofhjñobal kfjYfrþ4 fj pfgslcbfgth quf sf cl-gb`fstñ y chtbvñ ugl clyhr bg-

vfrsbñg sf pufkf fxprfslr fg jlsboubfgtf `rlsf> sb jhs pfrulghslpufstlg phr jl cbgfrãl y tbfgfg

`f fg fj âxbth, ghshtrhs arffchsfg fjjhs y fg fj kfstbgh cbgfrh kfjYfrþ.

@uf fgthgafs aulgkh jhs cb-gfrhs, lgtf jl gfafsbklk kf kbvuj-olr tlgth kfgtrh kfj plãs ahchfg fj fxtrlgnfrh jls orlgkfs vfg-

tlnls quf fj Yfrþ tfgãl plrl fx-plgkbr jl latbvbklk cbgfrl fggufstrh tfrrbthrbh, surobñ jl bkflkf hrolgbzlr y rfljbzlr ug orlgahgorfsh> Jl B Ahgvfgabñg Cbgf-rl sf rfljbzñ fg Jbcl fg sftbfc-erf kf <26;, jl cbscl quf ùfbgspbrlkl phr fj Bgo. Clrbh Ql-clcâ Ehoobh, fgthgafs Yrfsb-kfgtf kfj Bgstbtuth kf Bgofgbfrhskf Cbgls kfj Yfrþ, sbfgkh kfsbo-glkh fj Bgo. Mfrglgkh JlelrtmfAhrrfl, su Yrfsbkfgtf … R lsãahcfgzñ l tfnfrsf jl mbsthrblkf fstl orlg ahgvhalthrbl qufmlstl gufstrhs kãls ahgstbtuyffj prbgabplj clogh fvfgth cbgf-rh prhchthr kf gufstrh kfslrrh-jjh.

¡Qbfcprf rfahrklkh! Khg Clrbh Qlclcâ Eh- oobh, Yltrblral kf jl cbgfrãl pfrulgl, quf pfrkurl fg jhs lgljfs kf jl bcpfrtârrbtl mbsthrbl kf jl cbgfrãl. L âj, l su bgspbrlabñg f bkfljbsch, fj clogh fvfgth kf jl Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl kfj Yfrþ, ahgstbtuyf ugl bgstbtuabñg nustlcfgtf rfprfsfgtltbvl kfj qufmlafr bg- glth f mbstñrbah kf gufstrl Yltrbl.

<26; UFQFÜL MBQ[ÑUBAL KF JL AHGPFGBGO. CLUBH QLCLCÂ EHOOBH, UFAHUKL




Oubjjfrch @jñrfz Ybgfkh, Yrf- gtf kf jl ]PB Ahgvfgabñg Cb- l, tlcebâg fg Jbcl, fg <2=5.

Bgo. Alrjhs Chgthrb, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl ]B] Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, quf tuvh juolr fg [lagl, fg <2==.

Bgo. Afjsh Qhthclrbgh, ̀ uf Yrfsb- kfgtf kf jl ]] Ahgvfgabñg, rfljbzlkl fg Jbcl fg <22<.

Bgo. Fkulrkh Uuebh, qubfg fg <2=; prfsbkbñ jl ]PBB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgf- rl, quf sf rfljbzñ fg Mulrlz.

Bgo. Aâslr Nlbcf @frgìgkfz, qubfg ùf Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl ]PBBB Ahgvfg- abñg, rfljbzlkl fg Jbcl fg <2=0.

Luousth Elfrtj Chgthrb, ùf sbkfgtf kf jl ]]BB Ahgvfgabñg frl, fg Lrfqubpl, fg <226.

Bgo. Jubs Mhamsambjk, prfsbkbñ jl ]]BBB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, rfljbzlkl fg Lrfqubpl, fg <22?.

Bgo. Amlrjfs O. Yrfejf, ùf Yrfsb- kfgtf kf jl ]]BP Ahgvfgabñg Cb- gfrl, rfljbzlkl fg Lrfqubpl, fg <222.

Bgo. Clrbh Erfsabl, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl ]]P Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, afjferlkl tlcebâg fg Lrfqubpl, fg fj 599<.

Bgo. Ulþj Efglvbkfs, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl ]]PB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, fg Lrf- qubpl, fg fj 5991.

Ubalrkh Erbafüh Pbjjfgl, Yrfsb- tf kf jl ]]PBB Ahgvfgabñg Cb- l, afjferlkl tlcebâg fg Lrf- l fg fj lüh 5996.

Bgo. fahghcbstl Nlbcf \ubnlgkrãl,Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl ]]PBBB Ahgvfg- abñg Cbgfrl, afjferlkl fg Lrfqub- pl fg fj lüh 599?.

Bgo. @âjbx Glvlrrh Orlu, ghcbglkh Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl ]]B] Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl YFUVCBG, afjferlkl fg Lrfqubpl fg fj 5992.

Bgo. Hsalr Ohgzìjfz Uhaml, ghcbglkh Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl ]]] Ahgvfg- abñg Cbgfrl YFUVCBG, afjferlkl fg Lrfqubpl fg fj 59<<.

59<1ÑG CBGFUL, @VF BKFLKL YHU FJH YL[UBLUAL KF JL CBGFUÃL YFUVLGL

Bgo. Lerlmlc Amlmulg Lefkrrleh,ghcbglkh Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl ]]]B Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl YFUVCBG, quf sf vhjvfrì l afjferlr fg Lrfqubpl.


26




Qf slef, pufs lsã jhml ̀ ugklcfgtlkh fj Ah-cbtâ Hrolgbzlkhr kfYfrucbg 59<1, prfsb-kbkh phr Lerlmlc Aml-mulg, quâ jl prfsfgtf

vfrsbñg kfj clogh fvfgth cbgfrh sfrì jl cìsorlgkf kf thkls jls rfl-jbzlkls mlstl jl `faml.

Fg f`fath. Qf prhyfatl fj lrrbeh l jl AbuklkEjlgal kf ?6 cbj vbsbtlgtfs, prh`fsbhgljfs y fc-prfslrbhs cbgfrhs prh-afkfgtfs kf cìs kfaulrfgtl plãsfs4 y sf

tbfgf kfebklcfgtf rf-obstrlkhs ughs 5,5<1stlgks (ab`rl supfrbhrfg 0;% l jl algtbklkkf cñkujhs bgstljlkhsfg 59<<).

Jhs stlgks mlg sbkhbgstljlkhs sherf ugl su-pfr`babf kf << mfatì-rfls (<<0% clyhr l jllgtfrbhr) fg fj alcph ̀ f-rblj Afrrh Nujb, sfkf kfjl fxmbebabñg tfaghjñob-al cbgfrl F][FCBG.

Fj Ahcbtâ Hrolgbzl-khr ml prfabslkh, lsb-

Kfj <0 lj 59 sf sfptbfcerf fg jl Abuklk Ejl

YFUVCBG CHQ[ULUÌ LJ CVGKH YHJL CFNHU HYHU[VGBKLK KF KFQLU

cbsch, quf jl lsbstfg-abl bgtfrglabhglj kf fc-prfsls prhvffkhrls kfsfrvbabhs y prhkuaths

plrl jl cbgfrãl sf bg-arfcfgtlrì fg ;1%,lj lucfgtlr kf 19= l;;5.

Alsh rfvfjlkhr kf jlbcphrtlgabl kfj fvfg th, fs jl clyhr prfsfgabl kf fcprfsls ambgls

@ljtlgkh phahs kãls plrl jl bgluourlabñg kf YFUVCBG1<¾ Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl, gufstrhs ahrrfsphgsljfs fg jlAbuklk Ejlgal vbfgfg lkvbrtbfgkh fj arfabfgtf fgtusbls-ch quf fcelrol l jl phejlabñg lrfqubpfül lgtf jl prhxb-cbklk kfj clogh fvfgth cbgfrh, pufs su rfljbzlabñgsufjf rfphrtlr orlgkfs râkbths y efgf`babhs plrl jl fah-ghcãl jhalj. [lg orlgkf fs jl bcphrtlgabl quf jl Ahgvfg-abñg rfprfsfgtl plrl Lrfqubpl, quf jl abuklklgãl fgpjfgh ml kfabkbkh kfphgfr fj mhgkh cljfstlr quf sbfgtfphr jl clorl lsboglabñg kfj alghg 59<1, pufs gh kfsfl,phr glkl kfj cugkh, fgtureblr ahg prhtfstls fj kfslrrh-jjh kf jl trlkbabhglj ̀ bfstl cbgfrl.

@ufrtf lprftñg kf clghs fgtrf fj Yrfsbkfgtf kfj BBCY, Uñcujh Cuamh y fj Yrfsbkfgtf kfj Ahcbtâ Hrolgbzlkhr kf YFUVCBG, Lerlmlc Amlmulg. Fvfgth fcprfslrblj rfugbrì l ?6 cbj fcprfslrbhs y trlelnlkhrfs cbgfrhs prhafkfgtfs kf cìkf ;9 plãsfs, jh quf ofgfrlrì ug bcplath fahgñcbah kf 51; cbjjhgfs kf shjfs fg Lrfqubpl.




2?

Lrfqubpl

\VÂ JL CBGFUÃL FQHJJH YLUL FJ YFUÞ

gbstrh kf Fahghcãl, Cboufj Alstbjjl. Cbgbstrh kf Fgfroãl y Cbgls, Nhrof Cfrbgh. Cbgbstrh kfj Lcebfgtf, Clgufj Yujolr-Pbklj.

bstrh kf [rlgsphrtfs, Alrjhs Ylrfkfs. Cbgbstrl kf [rlelnh, Glgay Jlhs. Cbgbstrl kf Fkualabñg, Yltrbabl Qljls.

HjjlgtlMucljl,

Yrfsbkfgtfkfj Yfrþ,

ajlusurlrìfj cloghfvfgth,

y jhs hnhskf thkl jl

glabñgfstlrìgpufsthssherf âj Hjjlgtl Mucljl, Yrfsbkfgtf kfj Yfrþ.

‚Jhs prhyfaths cbgfrhs gh pufkfg kf- tfgfrsf, kfebkh l jl gfafsbklk quf tbf-gfg jls rfobhgfs kf rfabebr bgorfshs pl-rl fj alghg–. [lj `uf jl kbrfatbvl qufHjjlgtl Mucljl bcplrtbñ l sus cbgbstrhssfclgls ltrìs, y quf ml fcpfzlkh l sfrfnfautlkl fg vlrbls rfobhgfs kfj Yfrþ,

fcpfzlgkh phr Lrfqubpl, khgkf ugl cf-sl tâagbal vbfgf lobjbzlgkh jhs prhyfathscbgfrhs fg alrtfrl, quf lsabfgkfg l cìsVQ$ <9,999 cbjjhgfs. Qf ahcfgtl quffj clgkltlrbh lprhvfamlrì su latbvh rhjfg jl ajlusurl kfj clogh fvfgth plrlklr l ahghafr jhs lvlgafs kfj Ohebfrghfg fstf fgahcbìstbah fs`ufrzh phr kfs-

trlelr jls bgvfrsbhgfs fg cbgfrãl.




quf arfafrì fg 056%.

‚Jl algtbklk kfstlgks quf thclrìgjls fcprfsls kfj plãslsbìtbah sf fjfvñ kf <5l ?6, jh quf kfcufs-

trl fj arfabfgtf bgtfrâsquf ahgabtl l gbvfj bg-

tfrglabhglj fj fvfgthcbgfrh–, rf`brbñ fj Ahcb- tâ Hrolgbzlkhr fg ghtlkf prfgsl.

Bgkbañ quf Ljfclgbl fs

Uhquf Efglvbkfs, Yrfsbkfgtf kf Aãl.kf Cbgls Eufglvfgturl.

Nhrof Ybalssh, Yrfsbkfgtf kf Phjalg Aãl. Cbgfrl.

Boglabh Eustlclgtf, AFH kf Mhams- ambjk Cbgbgo.

Nulg Jubs Druofr, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Cbgsur.

Pãathr Ohebtz, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Cbph.

htrh kf jhs plãsfs quflucfgtlrì su plrtbabpl-

abñg fg F][FCBG. ‚Jhsstlgks l alroh kf ahc-plüãls ljfclgls lu-cfgtlrhg l ?2, jufohkf mlefr thclkh ;;fg jl fkbabñg lgtfrbhr4fs kfabr, ug bgarfcfg-

th kf =9%. Jl plrtb-abplabñg kf Ljfclgblsbfcprf sf ml kfstlal-kh phr prfsfgtlr prh-kuaths quf `lvhrfafgjl prhkuatbvbklk cbgf-

rl–, kbnh.

Fstlkhs Vgbkhs sf-rì, sbg fcelroh fj plãsahg clyhr prfsfgabl fgFxtfcbg, lj boulj quffg jl fkbabñg lgtfrbhr.Htrhs plãsfs quf tfg-krìg plrtbabplabñg sbogb-`baltbvl sfrìg Lustrljbl,Erlsbj, Ambjf, Alglkì, Fs-plül y Qukì`rbal, sfoub-kls kf Eâjobal, @rlg-abl, Btljbl, Ylãsfs Gñrkb-ahs, Yhjhgbl, Ufbgh Vgb-

kh, Uusbl, [urquãl, Lr-ofgtbgl, Ahjhcebl, Câ-

xbah y Pfgfzufjl.BGAJVQBÑG QHABLJ R KFQLUUHJJH

Fj jfcl fsahobkh pl-rl Yfrucbg fs ‚Cbgf- rãl, hphrtugbklk kf bg- ajusbñg shablj y kfslrrhjjh–, `rlsf quf orl-`bal jhs kfsl`ãhs qufl`rhgtl latuljcfgtf fjsfathr cbgfrh.

‚Fj jfcl plrl fstl trboâsbcl prbcfrl fkbabñg

fs ”Cbgfrãl, hphrtugbklk kf bgajusbñg shablj y kfslrrhjjh‒, qufrfsucf fj henftbvhprbgabplj kf jl ahgvfgabñg, quf fs ofgfrlrkfslrrhjjh y cfnhrlrjl aljbklk kf vbkl kfcìs pfrulghs l trl

vâs kf jl cbgfrãl–, sfüljñ fj Yrfsbkfgtf kfYfrucbg, Lerlmlc Amlmulg.

Jls prbgabpljfs prhkuathrls cbgfrls pfrulgls ahg prhyfaabñgbgtfrglabhglj kbsautbrìg sus bgvfrsbhgfs y prhyfaths fg Yfrucbg




22 Cugkh Cbgfrh

rk Lkdfrshg, AFH kf @rffphrt, sf- h prhkuathr kf aherf kfj cugkh.

Hsalr Ohgzìjfz Uhaml, Yrfsbkfgtf kf Qhutmfrg Ahppfr, kfj Oruph Câxbah.

Olry Ohjkefro, AFH kf Gfwchgt, sfougkh prhkuathr kf hrh kfj cugkh.

Gbad Mhjjlgk, AFH kf Ohbk @bfjks, hpfrlkhr kf jl cbgl lurã`frl Afrrh Ahrhgl.

Klvbk Olrñ`ljh, Yrfsbkfgtf kf Mukely

Cbgfrljs, quf ahgstruyf jl cbgl Ahgs- tlgabl.

Jubs Ubvfrl, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Ojfgah- rf ]strltl fg fj Yfrþ.

[fcls ahyugturljfslgofgabljfs lj jfcl

trlj sfrìg lehrklkhssfbs ̀ hrhs> fj trlkbabh-Fgaufgtrh Fcprf-

rblj, fj [hp Cbgbgo bgru, fj Fgaufgtrh Jh-tbah, fj Fgaufgtrh[faghjhoãl f Bgvfstb-abñg, fj gufvh ̀ hrh Fg-fgtrh Jfolj y jl fxmb-ñg tfaghjñobal F]-

CBG.j prhorlcl prfjbcb-kfj Fgaufgtrh Fc-

fslrblj bgajuyf fj kf-rhjjh kf sfbs ejhqufs

cìtbahs `ugklcfgtl-fg fj ahgtfxth kfj

rþ latulj> Fstrltfobls

rl jl ahgtbgubklk kfjfabcbfgth fahgñcb-ahg bgajusbñg shablj4tls plrl jl ahgs-aabñg kf ug Fstlkhabfgtf f bgajusbvh4ths lcebfgtljfs kf

sfathrfs prhkua-hs fg fj clrah kfjcebh ajbcìtbah4 Jl ojh-bzlabñg y su bcpla-fg jls ahcugbklkfs4hjfgabl y fgtfgkb-fgth fg jl shabfklkgtfcphrìgfl4 y Kf-ãhs plrl jhorlr fj

slrrhjjh kfj tljfgth

clgh.Alkl ugh kf fsths

Fj [hp Cbgbgo prfsfgtlrì fj `hrh ‚Fj lphrtf kf jl cbgfrãl lj kfslrrhjjh shstfgbejf kfj Yfrþ–, quf ahgtlrì ahg fj ahg- aursh kf Lerlmlc Amlmulg,AFH kf Lgtlcbgl4 Ubamlrk Lkdfrshg, AFH kf @rffphrt4 Olry Ohjkefro, AFH kf Gfw-

chgt4 y Gbad Mhjjlk, AFH kf Ohjk @bfjks.

Jls ahcplüãls cbgfrls cìs orlgkfskfj cugkh rfvfjlrìg sus pjlgfs

ejhqufs tfcìtbahs fstl-rì l alroh kf ahg`frfg-

abstls clobstrljfs y jhsahcfgtlrbhs sfrìg f`fatulkhs phr fspfabljbstlslahrkf ahg jhs tfclspjlgtflkhs. Alef kfstl-alr quf ugl sfsbñg fs-pfablj pfrcbtbrì rfvbslrfj plpfj kf jl bgvfrsbñgprbvlkl fg fj arfabcbfgth fahgñcbah kf Lrfqub-pl, fg jl quf plrtbabpl-rìg jãkfrfs fcprfslrbl-jfs y shabljfs kf fsl bc-phrtlgtf rfobñg kfj surpfrulgh.

Kf boulj clgfrl, fjahcbtâ hrolgbzlkhr vbf-gf prfplrlgkh fj [hp

Cbgbgo bg Yfru, fj cbs-ch quf rfvbslrì jl alrtfrl kf prhyfaths kf bg- vfrsbñg cbgfrl plrl jhsprñxbchs lühs y quf latuljcfgtf supfrl jhs6; cbj cbjjhgfs kf kñjl-rfs, sfoþg fj Cbgbstfrbhkf Fgfroãl y Cbgls. Fjprhorlcl prfjbcbglr bg-ajuyf ejhqufs kf ahg`f-rfgabl plrl jhs prhyfaths kf lcpjblabñg cbgf-rl, jls fxpjhrlabhgfs yjls cbgls fg ahgstrua-abñg, lsã ahch ugl sf-sbñg fspfablj plrl orlg-

kfs prhyfaths cbgfrhsfg Jltbghlcârbal.




<9<

Luthrbklkfs y `ugabhglrbhs kfrfahghabkh prfstbobh fxpjbalrìg

jl bcphrtlgabl kf jl cbgfrãl

Fvl Lrbls,

Yrfsbkfgtl kf jl Qhabfklk Glabhglj kf Cbgfrãl, Yftrñjfh y Fgfroãl.

Lj`hgsh Cbrñ \ufslkl,

Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl AHG@BFY.

Nujbh Pfjlrkf,Yrfsbkfgtf kfj Elgah Afgtrlj kf Ufsfrvl kfj Yfrþ.

Nlvbfr Bjjfsals,Yrfsbkfgtf kf YrhBgvfrsbñg.

[lgbl \ubspf,Nf`l kf jl QVGL[.

Nlvbfr Qhtl Glklj,fx Cbgbstrh kf

Fkualabñg.

YFUVCBG 59<1 ofgfrlrì plrl Lrfqubpl ug chvbcbfgth fahgñcbah kf Q/. 51; cbjjhgfs quf efgf`bablrì l jhs mhtfjfs, ahcfrabhs, rfstlurlgtfs, tlxbs y l jhs prhvffkhrfs kf jl cbgfrãl fg fstl abuklk kf ahrlzñg cbgfrh.

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·

·

·

·

·




<91

ahgsuch kf lafrh jlcbgl-g Lcârbal Jltbgl y fj Alrbefgzñ fg fgfrh-nugbh kf 59<1hjucfg kf 11,< cbjjhgfshgfjlkls, chgth sbcbjlr ljch pfrãhkh 59<5, bg`hrcñu þjtbch rfphrtf jl Lshabl-Jltbghlcfrbalgl kfj LafrhAFUH). Jl hrolgbzlabñg, ahgfg Ambjf, lorfoñ quf jl prh-bñg kf jlcbglkhs jjfoñ l 5?,?gfs kf thgfjlkls, jh quf rf-fgtñ ugl alãkl kf <% fg ahc-abñg lj pfrãhkh fgfrh-nugbh5.

Yrhkuaabñg

hjh fg fj cfs kf nujbh kf1, jl prhkuaabñg kf jlcbgl-l gbvfj rfobhglj ljalgzñ ;,0gfs kf thgfjlkls, ugl alãkl

;% lj cbsch pfrãhkh kfj lühkh. Jhs plãsfs quf rfobstrl-

rhg jls alãkls cìs sbogb`baltbvlsùfrhg Lrofgtbgl ahg -19%, Ah-jhcebl ahg -5<% y Câxbah ahg-?%.

Fg aulgth l jhs prbcfrhs sbftf cfsfs kf 59<1, jl rfobñg lj-algzñ ugl prhkuaabñg kf jlcbgl-khs kf 15,; cbjjhgfs kf thgfjl-kls, bg`frbhr fg <% lj cbsch pf-rãhkh kf 59<5. Fj clyhr prhkua-

thr kf jlcbglkhs sbouf sbfgkhErlsbj ahg <6,1 cbjjhgfs kf th-gfjlkls, rfprfsfgtlgkh fj ;?%kfj thtlj jltbghlcfrbalgh. Jh sb-oubñ Câxbah ahg =,2 cbjjhgfs kf

thgfjlkls (5?%). Alef sfüljlrjhs alshs kf Ahjhcebl y Ambjfquf ahgtbgþlg prfsfgtlgkh alã-kls fg su prhkuaabñg, fgtrf 19%

y <2% rfspfatbvlcfgtf.

Yhr su plrtf, jl prhkuaabñgkf lafrh arukh jltbghlcfrbalgh

hgsuch kf lafrh jlcbglkh fg Jltbghlcârbal sf clgtbfgf pfrhsu prhkuaabñg alf ahg rfspfath lj 59<5

rhkuaabñg rfobhglj alyñ ;% fg nujbh fg ahcplrlabñg lj cbsch cfs kfj lüh lgtfrbhr. Qbg fcelroh,rbcfr sfcfstrf shjh lrrhnl alãkl kf <%. Ahcfrabh tuvh kâ`babt kf 6,0 cjjs kf tg. Fg fsl jãgfl, Yfrþuvh fsalsfz phr ?62 cbj thgfjlkls.

ùf kf 1?,0 cbjjhgfs kf thgfjl-kls, 1% bg`frbhr quf fj vhjucfg

laucujlkh fj þjtbch lüh. Erlsbj,lj boulj quf fg fj alsh kf jlcb-glkhs, fs fj clyhr prhkuathrrfobhglj ahg <2,2 cbjjhgfs kf

thgfjlkls, lugquf su vhjucfgkbscbguyñ 5% vfrsus fgfrh-nujbh59<5. Fg nujbh 59<1, jl prhkua-abñg kf lafrh arukh ljalgzñ ug

vhjucfg kf 6,6 cbjjhgfs kf th-gfjlkls, sbcbjlr l jl prhkuaabñgkf nujbh 59<5.

ELJLG^L AHCFUABLJ

Fg jhs sbftf prbcfrhs cfsfskf fstf lüh, fj ahcfrabh rfobh-glj kf jlcbglkhs prfsfgtñ ug kâ-`babt kf 6,0 cbjjhgfs thgfjlkls,jfvfcfgtf bg`frbhr l jhs 6,2 cb-jjhgfs kf thgfjlkls rfobstrlkhsfj lüh plslkh.

Fsth gh fs ug ̀ fgñcfgh lbsjl-kh, Fg fsf pfrãhkh, thkhs jhs plã-

sfs kf Lcârbal Jltbgl y fj Alrb-ef -ahg jl fxafpabñg kf Lrofgtb-

gl, Erlsbj y Ufpþejbal Khcbgbal-gl- prfsfgtlrhg ug kâ`babt fg fjahcfrabh kf jlcbglkhs, sbfgkhCâxbah fj plãs quf prfsfgtñ fjclyhr kfseljlgaf ahg -<,6 cb-jjhgfs kf thgfjlkls. Htrhs plã-sfs quf prfsfgtlrhg ug kâ`babt sbogb`baltbvh ùfrhg Ahjhcebl(=?6 cbj thgfjlkls), Yfrþ (?62cbj thgfjlkls) y Ambjf (?;9 cbj

thgfjlkls).


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/mundo-minero-301-agosto-setiembre-2013 112/156<9; Cugkh Cbgfrh

Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

¸Qhchs ug plãs cbgfrh kfskf fj pugth kf vbstl mbstñrbah8

Qã, kf`bgbtbvlcfgtf shchs ugplãs cbgfrh. Kfskf fj sbojh ]PB,kfskf quf, jh quf lmhrl jjlclchsYfrþ fgtrñ l jl mbsthrbl ugbvfrslj,ùbchs ahgsbkfrlkhs fj plãs kfjhrh y jl pjltl.

Fj Yfrþ sf bgbabñ ahg ug erfvfabajh lurã`frh fg fj sbojh ]PB, trlsjl Ahgqubstl. Qbg fcelroh, gh sfpufkf mlejlr kf ugl prhkuaabñgcbgfrl, phrquf fj hrh kf fshs prb-cfrhs lühs ùf prhkuath kfj sl-qufh y kfj rheh, cls gh kf jl fx-pjhtlabñg cbgfrl.

Jufoh vbgh fj orlg abajh kf jlpjltl ahg fj kfsauerbcbfgth kf jlscbgls kf Yhthsã, fg jl latulj Ehjb-

vbl. Fstf jjfoñ l su pbah cìxbchmlabl ̀ bgljfs kfj sbojh ]PB y prbgab-pbhs kfj ]PBB âphal fg quf lj cbs-ch tbfcph ahcbfgzl l kfajbglr jlprhkuaabñg. Qbg fcelroh, fg fj

]PBBB sf rfaupfrl. Gh gfafslrbl-cfgtf phr fj rfgkbcbfgth kf jlscbgls kf Yhthsã, quf yl fstlelgsherffxpjhtlkls, sbgh phrquf sfkfsauerbfrhg gufvhs afgtrhs cb-gfrhs ahch Muljolyha, Afrrh kfYlsah y Mulgtlnlyl (fg [lrlplaì).Ahg fj kfsauerbcbfgth kf fsls 1cbgls kf pjltl, jl prhkuaabñg cbgf-rl sf rfaupfrñ pfrh gugal l jhsgbvfjfs kfj ]PB y prbgabpbhs kfj ]PBB.

¸Auìj ̀ uf fj prbcfr afgtrh cbgfrh quf sf kfslrrhjjñ fg gufstrh plãs8

Fj prbcfrh ùf Yhthsã, tfgbfg-kh lj Yfrþ fg fj sfgtbkh lcpjbh,kfebkh lj tfrrbthrbh latulj kf Ehjb-

vbl. Gh hestlgtf, tlcphah mly qufhjvbklr l jls cbgls kf Mulgalvfjb-al. Fstls rfsujtlrhg fstrltâobalsphrquf kf fsf juolr sf fxtrlãl fj

cfraurbh, tlcebâg jjlclkh lzh-ouf, quf sfrvãl plrl fj câthkh kfjl lcljolcl, quf sfplrl jl pjltlkf jls bcpurfzls.

Fj cfraurbh kf Mulgalvfjbal sl-jbñ phr jjlcls, jufoh phr cujls, yùf trlgsphrtlkh mlstl fj pufrthkf Ambgaml. Jufoh, frl fcelral-kh mlstl Lrbal4 kf lmã gufvlcfg-

tf frl trlgsphrtlkh phr cujls yluquâgbkhs mlstl Yhthsã, fg khg-kf sf rfljbzlel su prhafslcbfgth.Fg ahgsfaufgabl, Yhthsã y Mulgal-

vfjbal ̀hrclrhg ug fnf cbgfrh cuybcphrtlgtf.

¸\uâ ehhc cbgfrhs pufkf kfstlalr l jh jlroh kf gufstrl mbsth- rbl8

Fj prbcfr orlg ehhc cbgfrhùf fgtrf fj sbojh ]PB y ]PBB. Jufoh

tfgfchs, ugh fgtrf <?=9 y <=59,

lgtfs kf jls Oufrrls kf Bgkfpfg-kfgabl. Qb ahgtlchs lj oulgh ah-ch bgsuch cbgfrh, tfgfchs fjorlg abajh kf jl cbgfrãl kurlgtf jlâphal kfj oulgh. Jufoh, ug orlgabajh cbgfrh kurlgtf jl UfvhjuabñgBgkustrblj4 fs kfabr, fgtrf <=29 y<219, ahgtfxth quf prhpbabñ fj kfs-pfouf kfj aherf phr fj tfcl kf jlfjfatrb`balabñg. Yhr þjtbch, ug abajhcbgfrh bcphrtlgtf haurrbñ fgtrfjhs lühs 09 y ?9 kfj sbojh ]]. Fstfsf fxpjbañ phr jl rfaupfrlabñg kfFurhpl trls jl Qfougkl OufrrlCugkblj y phr jl fxplgsbñg kf jlfahghcãl fstlkhugbkfgsf, jh qufprhvhañ quf fj aherf sf kbsplrf.

Vgh kf jhs prbgabpljfs hestìau-jhs plrl fj kfslrrhjjh kf jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl shg jhs ahg`jbaths sh-abljfs quf sf kfrbvlg kf fjjl. ¸Fs- tl fs ugl aufstbñg rfabfgtf hsbfcprf sf mlg rfobstrlkh8

Fj tfcl cbgfrh, ahch fj tfclkf jhs mbkrhalreurhs, fs ug tfclquf sbfcprf sf ml phjbtbzlkh kf-clsblkh. Qbfcprf mueh fshs khsorlgkfs elgkhs> jhs glabhgljbstls,ahg thkhs jhs cltbafs (mlstl jhsrlkbaljfs)4 y jhs quf kf`bfgkfg fjjberf ahcfrabh y jl jberf fcprfsl.Jl phjãtbal pfrulgl rfspfath l jlcbgfrãl ml sbkh pfgkujlr. Fg ljoþgchcfgth lcpjãl jbefrtlk, lcpjbhlphyh4 y phr htrh jlkh, âphals kfahgtrhj, kf fstltbzlabñg.

Jls bgvfrsbhgfs shg cuy sfgsb-ejfs `rfgtf l fsf tfcl. Aulgkhfxbstf jl lcfglzl h phsbebjbklk kffvfgtulj fstltbzlabñg h clyhr ahg-

trhj, fsh rfsbfgtf h lmuyfgtl l jhs

Qb shchs ug plãs cbgfrh, jl ofgtf kfef ahgJl bcphrtlgabl kf jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl fg gufstrhs kãls fs bgkuklejf, pufs fs fj chthr quf bcpujslsã8 ̧ Añch sf ml kfslrrhjjlkh l jh jlroh kf gufstrl mbsthrbl8 ̧ \uâ chcfgths jl kf`bgbfrhg8 Fstlsmbsthrblkhr y prh`fshr kfj Kfplrtlcfgth kf Muclgbklkfs kf jl Yhgtb`babl Vgbvfrsbklk Altñjbal, y a

bgvfrsbhgbstls. Fsh suafkf fg thkhfj cugkh.

Qb fstl bgkustrbl sbfcprf ml sbkh bcphrtlgtf l jh jlroh kf gufstrl mbsthrbl, ̧ kfefchs jhs pfrulghs ahghafr jl mbsthrbl kf jl cb- gfrãl8

Qb shchs ug plãs cbgfrh, jlofgtf kfef ahghafr y slefr kf cb-gfrãl. Kfefchs vbsbtlr jhs afgtrhscbgfrhs. Yhkrãlchs ahgvfrtbr jlscbgls kf Mulgalvfjbal, fg khgkf

yl gh mly cfraurbh, fg ugl zhgl turãstbal. Fsl fs htrl ̀hrcl kf klrl ahghafr jl cbgfrãl.

Cbrfchs fj fnfcpjh kf jhs bg-ojfsfs, qubfgfs mlg ahgvfrtbkh fgcusfhs cuamhs kf sus afgtrhscbgfrhs mbstñrbahs kfj sbojh kbf-abgufvf. Vgh pufkf br l cbgls fgBgojltfrrl kñgkf tf ahjhalg ugalsah y tf suefg l ug vloñg cbgf-rh, y fg fj quf ug ouãl, vfstbkh kfcbgfrh kfj ]B], tf h`rfaf ug rfah-rrbkh phr jhs shalvhgfs.

Mly quf ahghafr quf jl cbgf-rãl mbzh quf sf lerbfrlg jhs alcb-ghs fg jl âphal ahjhgblj, phsbebjb-

tlgkh quf jhs lrrbfrhs vlylg ahgsus cujls phr thkh fj tfrrbthrbh. Lplrtbr kfj sbojh ]B], orlabls l fstllatbvbklk, sf fcpfzlrhg l fxtfg-kfr jls jãgfls kfj ̀ frrhalrrbj. Fj ̀ fr-rhalrrbj afgtrlj gh sf fgtbfgkf sbgjl prhkuaabñg cbgfrl.

Bgalglth y Pbrrfyglth

¸Mueh cbgfrãl fg fj Bgalglth8 Fg jl âphal prfmbspìgbal sã ml-

eãl prhkuaabñg cbgfrl. Yfrh mly

quf tfgfr fg aufgtl, quf jl ahg-afpabñg kfj cugkh frl thtljcfgtfkbstbgtl. Yrhkuaths ahch fj hrh yjl pjltl fstuvbfrhg hrbfgtlkhs l jhrbtulj, rfjbobhsh y sbceñjbah, y ghfrlg fgtfgkbkhs ahch ug ebfg. Jlfahghcãl kfj cfralkh, fj alpbtl-jbsch, vbfgf trls jl Ahgqubstl.

Qfourh ̀ uf lshcerhsh plrl jhsfsplühjfs fgtrlr lj Auzah y vfr fjAhrbalgaml4 bgorfslr l Ylamlal-cla y fgahgtrlr ãkhjhs kf pjltl yhrh4 h, kurlgtf fj ̀ lchsh rfsaltfkfj Bgal, kfsjucerlrsf ahg fsthscftljfs bcprfoglkhs fg jhs tfc-pjhs.

¸\uâ sbogb`bañ fj hrh y jl pjltl kf jhs Bgals plrl jl ahrhgl fspl- ühjl8

Jl prhkuaabñg pfrulgl lyukñcuy phah l jl rfaupfrlabñg fah-gñcbal kf Fsplül. Jhs rfaurshssf bgvbrtbfrhg fg `bglgablr olsthskfj Bcpfrbh, y gh fg rfaupfrlr f bg-

vfrtbr fg su fahghcãl. Fsplül ah-cfgzñ l vbvbr kf jhs lrtãaujhs bcphr-

tlkhs quf vfgãlg kf Furhpl, jh qufprhkunh jl alãkl kf su prhkuaabñg.

Fj hrh y jl pjltl kf Lcârbal sbr- vbfrhg plrl ̀ bglgablr oufrrls, eu-rharlabls, fnârabths, kbpjhclabl4 fskfabr, jhs ahsths kfj bcpfrbh. Eìsb -alcfgtf sf olstñ, fg prbcfr juo-lr, plrl jhs bgtfrfsfs kf jhs Lus-euroh, y jufoh kf jhs Ehrehgfs fgFurhpl fg ofgfrlj.

Bgkfpfgkfgabl y Oufrrl kfjYlaã`bah

Fj sbojh ]B] ùf, sbg kukl, ughkf jhs cìs bcphrtlgtfs y kfabsb-

vhs plrl gufstrl mbsthrbl rfabfgtf.Fg âj, gh shjh ljalgzlchs gufstrlBgkfpfgkfgabl sbgh quf ghs vbchs

bgcfrshs fg ugl oufrrl ahg Ambjfquf rfahg`bourñ fj plghrlcl kfjl glabñg.

¸Auìj frl gufstrl sbtulabñg plrl fj chcfgth kf jl Bgkfpfg- kfgabl8

Ylrl fj chcfgth kf jl Bgkf-pfgkfgabl, fj Yfrþ tfgãl ugl rfs-pftlejf phsbabñg kf pjltl pfrh qufjlcfgtlejfcfgtf ahjlpsñ phr jhsprhejfcls quf kfsltlrhg jls ouf-rrls fclgabplkhrls. Qf kfstruyf-rhg cbgls, cuamls sf bgugklrhg,fj cltfrblj y jl tfaghjhoãl quf ml-eãl ahjlpsñ. [rls jl Bgkfpfgkfg-abl, gh mueh bgvfrsbñg cbgfrl.

Fsl sbtulabñg sf fxpjbal phrqufphr jhs lühs 19, kfj sbojh <2, mu-eh ugl kfclgkl kfj cfralkh bg-

tfrglabhglj y vbgbfrhg bgvfrsbhgbstls cbgfrhs, sherf thkh Afrrh kf

Ylsah, jh quf prhkunh ugl rfaupfrlabñg kf jl prhkuaabñg.

Fg fsf cbsch sbojh, ghs vbchs fgvufjths fg jl Oufrrl kfYlaã`bah. ¸Añch ghs rfaupfrlchs kf fsl ftlpl8

L ̀ bgljfs kfj ]B], trls jl Oufrrlkfj Ylaã`bah, cuamhs fcprfslrbhscbgfrhs, fg su clyhrãl glabhgljfs, fcpfzlrhg l fxpjhrlr y fxpjh

tlr vlrbhs ylabcbfgths cbgfrhs fggufstrl sbfrrl. Fstf prbcfr abajhcbgfrh fs ahgsbkfrlkh ahch jhslühs mfrhbahs kf jl cbgfrãl, pufsgh ahgtlrhg ahg clyhr lphyh kfFstlkh.

Fg fsf sfgtbkh, tbfgf cuamlbcphrtlgabl fj fcprfslrbh Ìjvlrfz

Aljkfrñg quf fxpjhtñ ylabcbfgthslurã`frhs. Lsbcbsch, lplrfaf jl ̀ourl kf Lgtfghr Ubzh Yltrñg, orlgfcprfslrbh cbgfrh, quf ̀ uf fj qufkfsauerbñ fj pfgtlsujùrh kf vlglkbh (h pltrhgbtl), þgbah cbgfrlj kfsauebfrth fg fj plãs. Ubzh Yltrñgkfsauerbñ ylabcbfgths kf vlglkbhquf ahgtfgãlg prfsfgabl kf fstfcbgfrlj. Bgajush, ljougls rfvbstlscbgfrls ghcerlrhg l fstf cbgfrlj ahch jl ‚rbzhpltrhgbtl– fg sumhghr.

L bgbabhs kfj ]], ahg jl fxplgsbñg kfj alpbtlj ghrtflcfrbalghcuamls kf jls cbgls kfsauebfr

tls phr pfrulghs, ̀ufrhg ahcprlkls phr fcprfsls y laabhgbstlskf fsf juolr. Fsh haurrbñ ahg jlcbgls kf Ìjvlrfz Aljkfrñg, lj qufjf ahcprlrhg ug ylabcbfgth cbgf

Nulg Jubs Hrrfoh, mbsthrblkhr y prh`fshr kfj Kfplrtlcfgth kf Muclgbklkfs kf jl Yhgtb`babl Vgbvfrsbklk Altñjal kfj Yfrþ. Lsbcbsch, fs cbfcerh kfBgstbtuth Ubvl-Loúfrh y kf jl Ahcbsbñ

Befrhlcfrbalgl kf jhs Ebafgtfglrbhkf jl Bgkfpfgkfgabl.

Jhs cftljfs fg fj Bgalglth tuvbfrhg ug sfgtbkh afrfchgblj y rfjbobhsh. Fg fj Pb- rrfyglth, phr fj ahgtrlrbh, sf jbcbtlrhg l su fxpjhtlabñg rfgtbstl.




<96

fr y slefr kf cbgfrãlstrl fahghcãl y kfslrrhjjh. Yfrh, ̧ sbfcprf ̀ ufls bgtfrrholgtfs jls lesufjvf Nulg Jubs Hrrfoh,thr kfj prhorlcl tfjfvbsbvh ‚[bfcph Kfspuâs–.

hr ug cbjjñg kf kñjlrfs kf jl âphal.

ÞJ[BCHQ KHQ QBOJHQ

hs þjtbchs lühs kfj sbojh ]B] y jhs prbcf-kfj ]] (fgtrf <=29 y <219), ̀ uf ug bc-lgtf pfrãhkh phrquf fj plãs lcpjbñ sul cbgfrl, quf frl fxajusbvl kf hrh y, plrl kbvfrsb`balrjl ahg fj aherf, fj zbgalglkbh. Fj mbsthrblkhr l`brcl tlcebâg qufrbcfrhs bgvfrsbhgbstls fxtrlgnfrhs `uf-hs erbtìgbahs fg fj kbfabgufvf, sfoubkhshs fstlkhugbkfgsfs, qubfgfs, sbg fc-h, rfljbzlrhg jls cìs bcphrtlgtfs bgvfr-fs.jh jlroh kf gufstrl mbsthrbl rfpuejbal- quâ ohebfrghs ̀ hcfgtlrhg fj kfslrrh- f jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl8 fef kfstlalrsf, lj ohebfrgh kf Gbahjìsârhjl. Mlabl <=26 y <=20 kbh ug clrahlkfaulkh plrl su fxplgsbñg l trlvâsrfkuaabñg kf ugl sfrbf kf bcpufsths4

erf thkh, bcphrtlr bgsuchs plrl cbgf-rìatbalcfgtf sbg gbgoþg lrlgafj. Orl-

l fsls bgbabltbvls, kurlgtf jl Ufpþejbalharìtbal, fj Yfrþ pukh fxpjhrlr, fxpjhtlrhrtlr prhkuaths cbgfrhs.trh bcphrtlgtf ̀ uf fj sfougkh clgklth

Clgufj Yrlkh. Fg fsf ohebfrgh, bgorfslgbstfrbh kf Mlabfgkl, Yfkrh Efjtrìg,

g kl ugl sfrbf kf cfkbkls lrlgafjlrblsbcpujslr jl fahghcãl kf fxphrtlabñg

fgfrlj, kf jl aulj sf efgf`babl jl cbgfrãl.Fg quâ chcfgth sf pufkf mlejlr kf rbcfrls orlgkfs ahcplüãls cbgfrls8 ls orlgkfs fcprfsls cbgfrls bgbablg fgojh ]]. Yhr fnfcpjh, jl Afrrh kf Ylsahgo, ugl obolgtf kf su âphal, jufoh fs-lkl kurlgtf fj ohebfrgh kfj Ofgfrlj Nulgsah Ljvlrlkh. Htrl bcphrtlgtf y quf sfñ fg fj Yfrþ, phrquf suph gfohablr, ̀ uf

‚Kfeh kfstlalr jl `bourl kf Clrbh Qlclcâ Ehoobh, qubfg ahcebgñ su plsbñg phr jl cbgfrãl ahg jl aufstbñg lalkâcbal. Âj ̀ uf ug fcprfslrbh quf l su vfz fstukbñ su sfathr. Gh shjh mbzh ug jberh, sbgh rfljbzñ thkl ugl ah- jfaabñg. Qljvlgkh kbstlgabls, Qlcl- câ fs ljoh lsã ahch fj Elslkrf kf jl

cbgfrãl pfrulgl. Hnljì jhs cbgfrhs rffkbtfg fg ̀ hrcl latuljbzlkl su herl–.

jl Qhutmfrg.¸@uf ug pfrãhkh kb`ãabj plrl jl fcprfsl

prbvlkl kurlgtf fj Pfjlsalth8

[fgfchs ugl vbsbñg kbsthrsbhglkl kf Nulg Pfjlsah Ljvlrlkh. Fsf ohebfrgh gh glabhgljbzñ thkh, gb thkh jh fstltbzñ. Mueh ljougls fcprf-sls fxtrlgnfrls quf supbfrhg gfohablr ahg fjYrfsbkfgtf y sf qufklrhg fg fj Yfrþ> jl Qhu-

tmfrg, jl alsl Orlaf, quf tfgãl bgtfrfsfs cb-gfrhs, sf qufklrhg phr fnfcpjh. Jh cbschsuafkbñ ahg htrhs sfathrfs ahch fj elgalrbh>fj elgah kf [hdbh y jl @brst Gltbhglj Abtbelgd sboubfrhg `ugabhglgkh.

Âj alcebl jls rfojls kf nufoh lj alpbtlj fxtrlgnfrh fs abfrth, pfrh kfgtrh kf fsf gufvhfsqufcl mueh fcprfsls fxtrlgnfrls quf su-pbfrhg gfohablr y sf qufklrhg.

¸R fg aulgth l jhs þjtbchs ohebfrghs8 Mlejlgkh fg târcbghs sfrbhs, mly quf rf-

ahghafr, quf l prbgabpbhs kf jhs lühs 29, mu-eh ug ahgnugth kf cfkbkls quf alceblrhg jlfstrltfobl pfrulgl `rfgtf l jl fahghcãl. Lplrtbr kfj lüh 2<, phkfchs kfabr quf sljbchskfj Pfjlsalth. Fg jhs lühs =9 tuvbchs cuaml

tbcbkfz, y lkfcìs gh mueh fj ahgtfxth lkf-aulkh plrl kfschgtlr fstl vbsbñg fstltbstlkf jl fahghcãl.

Jhs ̀ ruths kf fsls cfkbkls ‚jbefrljfs– ghsf vbfrhg kf bgcfkblth. Bgajush, su`rbfrhg ugrftrhafsh. Fg jl cbtlk kf jhs lühs 29, phraufstbhgfs phjãtbals y kf laths kf ahrrupabñgquf thkhs ghshtrhs slefchs, fxpfrbcfgtlchsug ̀rfgh. Fjjh sf kfebñ l arbsbs ̀ bglgabfrls bgtfr-glabhgljfs (Câxbah, Erlsbj. Uusbl), pfrh sherf

thkh, fg cb hpbgbñg, l rlzhgfs phjãtbals bgtfrgls.Fg ahgsfaufgabl, l plrtbr kfj 2? fgtrl-

chs fg ugl ftlpl kf rfafsbñg, y fj YEB sfkfrruceñ. L plrtbr kfj 5999, fj lcebfgtf sfahrrbobñ, y sherfvbgh ugl ̀ ufrtf kfclgkl kffstls fahghcãls fcfrofgtfs, y fs jh qufYfrþ fstì ahsfamlgkh latuljcfgtf.

prfsbkfgtfs Ybârhjl, Eustlclgtf y Ubvfrh, y Pfjlsah, lsã ahch fj Cbgbstrh kf Mlabfgkl, Yfkrh ìg, bg`juyfrhg fg jl cbgfrãl kfj sbojh ]].

sauerbcbfgth kf jls cbgls kf Yhthsã ̀ hcfgtlrhg ug orlg abajh kf jl pjltl fg jl Ahjhgbl. L jl kfrf- Lgtfghr Ubzh Yltrñg, bcphrtlgtf fcprfslrbh cbgfrh, quf kfsauerbñ ugl fspfabf cbgfrlj gufvl l s kfj ]B] f bgbabhs kfj ]].




‚[rltlchs kf lprfgkfr kfgufstrhs shabhs y arfh quf mlypugths bcphrtlgtfs l rfsljtlr

fg fj fs`ufrzh kf Nlpñg kfclgtfgfr ug jbkfrlzoh cug-kblj kf cuamhs lühs–, sfüljñfj Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl Ufpþejbal,Hjjlgtl Mucljl [lssh, kurlgtfjl bgluourlabñg kfj ]B Ufugbñgkfj Ahgsfnh Fcprfslrblj Yfrul-gh Nlphgâs (Afpfnl), abtl qufeusal ̀hcfgtlr jls bgvfrsbhgfsfgtrf lcehs plãsfs.

[rls rfsljtlr jhs <;9 lühskf fstlejfabcbfgth kf rfjlabh-gfs kf lcbstlk ahg Nlpñg, fj

nf`f kfj Fstlkh jhs bgstñ l sf-oubr bgvbrtbfgkh fg fj plãs, ah-ch jh vbfgfg mlabfgkh, phrquffjjh ofgfrlrì cìs trlelnh, cìskfslrrhjjh y lyuklrì lj Ohebfr-gh l jjfolr ahg fj Fstlkh l bgtf-rbhr kfj plãs. Lsbcbsch, bgkbañquf ghs phkfchs efgf b̀ablr ahgfj orlkh kf bgkustrbljbzlabñg ykfslrrhjjh tfaghjñobah quf tbf-gf fj plãs lsbìtbah, lkfcìs kfsu phjãtbal kf fkualabñg y alpl-abtlabñg quf pfrcbtf tfgfr aul-krhs tâagbahs kf prbcfr gbvfj.

Yhr su plrtf, fj Ahgsfnh Fc-prfslrblj Yfrulgh Nlphgâs(Afpfnl) bg`hrcñ quf fj ?9 phrabfgth kf jls bgvfrsbhgfs kf Nl-pñg fg Yfrþ sf ahgafgtrl fgfj sfathr cbgfrh, y fxbstf orlg

Bgvfrsbñg cbgfrl kfstlañ fg fgaufgtrh fcprfslrblj Yfrþ-NlpñgFj ?9% kf bgvfrsbhgfs nlphgfsls fg gufstrh plãs sf ahgafgtrl fg fj sfathr cbgfrh, bg`hrcñ fj Ahgsfnh Fcprfslrblj YfrulghNlphgâs. Abtl ahgtñ ahg jl prfsfgabl kfj Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl Ufpþejbal, y kf rfprfsfgtlgtfs kf lcehs plãsfs. Fcprfslrblkhgbpñg shstuvh quf jls rfjlabhgfs ahcfrabljfs y jls vfgtls cbgfrls kfskf Yfrþ shg rfjfvlgtf plrl fjjhs, kfebkh l quf gufstrhplãs fs su sfougkh vfgkfkhr kf aherf, y fj tfrafrh kf zbga.

phtfgablj plrl kfslrrhjjlr gf-ohabhs fg htrhs ìcebths ahchjl lorbaujturl, fgfroãl, pfsal

y turbsch.Fj Yrfsbkfgtf kf Afpfnl -Yfrþ, Jubs Pfol, shstuvh quf fjLaufrkh kf Lshablabñg Fahgñ-cbal (LFF) fgtrf Yfrþ y Nlpñg,ahghabkh ahch [rltlkh kf JberfAhcfrabh ([JA) y vbofgtf kfskfclrzh kfj 59<5, ml lebfrth ugl

vfgtlgl kf hphrtugbklkfs plrlkbvfrsb`balr jls bgvfrsbhgfs.

‚Ufsujtl bcphrtlgtf ahgtb-gulr prhchvbfgkh jls bgvfrsbh-gfs f bgtfralcebh ahcfrabljfg jhs sfathrfs fgfroãl, bg`rl-fstruaturl, lorbaujturl, cbgf-rãl, pfsqufrãl, bgkustrbl y tu-rbsch, ahg fj henftbvh kf arflrgufvhs pufsths kf trlelnh ̀ hr-cljfs–, l`brcñ. Jl eljlgzl ah-cfrablj kf ;,956 cbjjhgfs kfkñjlrfs fg fj 59<5 fgtrf Yfrþ

y Nlpñg fs `lvhrlejf plrl fjprbcfrh, lorfoñ.Yhr su plrtf, fj prfsbkfgtf

kf Afpfnl - Nlpñg, Qmbcpfb Cb- ylcurl, ahcfgtñ quf fj sfathrfcprfslrblj nlphgâs tbfgf jlscfnhrfs fxpfatltbvls plrl lc-pjblr jls bgvfrsbhgfs y ahcfrabhfg Yfrþ.

Uf`brbñ quf Yfrþ fs ug shabhfstrltâobah kf Nlpñg tfgbfg-kh fg aufgtl quf ̀ hrcl plrtf

kf jl Ljblgzl kfj Ylaã`bah y kfjLaufrkh kf Lshablabñg [rlgs-plaã`bah ([YY), ahg orlg phtfg-

Kf Bzq. l Kfr.> Clslmbrh @ududlwl, Fcelnlkhr kf Nlpñg fg Yfrþ4 Fkl Ubvls, Algabjjfr kfj Yfrþ4 Jubs Pfol, YrfsbkfgtAFYFNL Yfrþ4 Hjjlgtl Mucljl [lssh, Yrfsbkfgtf kf jl Ufpþejbal4 Qmbcpfb Cbylcurl, Yrfsbkfgtf AFYFNL Nlpñg4 FjlrFsaljl, Fcelnlkhr kf Yfrþ fg Nlpñg4 y Lj`hgsh Olraãl Cbrh, Yrfsbkfgtf kf AHG@BFY.

[rls kfstlalr abfgth aulrfgtl lühs kf fstlejfabcbfgth kf rfjlabhgfs kf lcbstlahg Nlpñg, fj nf`f kf Fstlkh bgstñ l fcprfslrbhs sfoubr bgvbrtbfgkh fg fj plãsphrquf fjjh ofgfrlrì cìs trlelnh. Eljlgzl ahcfrablj `uf kf ;,956 cbjjhgfkf kñjlrfs fg fj 59<5 fgtrf Yfrþ y Nlpñg, jh quf rfsujtl ̀ lvhrlejf plrl gufstrh plãs.

ablj plrl lucfgtlr fj ahcfr-abh.

Yfrþ ahch kfstbgh kfbgvfrsbhgfs cbgfrls

nlphgfsls

L su turgh, fg rfprfsfgtl-abñg kf jl fcprfsl prbvlkl, fjkbrfathr rfprfsfgtlgtf kf Qu-cbthch Cftlj Cbgbgo, Rudbh Dl-wlouamb, kfstlañ jl bgbabltbvl kfbcpujslr sus bgvfrsbhgfs cbgf-rls fg fj plãs. Qfüljñ quf, fgfj alsh kf Quklcârbal, jl ahc-plüãl cbrl fxpjhrlabhgfs fgYfrþ, Ambjf y Erlsbj, fg eþsquf-kl kf aherf, zbga y rfaurshsgh ̀ frrhshs. ‚Kfsflchs rfla-

tbvlr jls bgvfrsbhgfs fg fj Yf-rþ–, l`brcñ fj kbrfatbvh.

Qherf jls bgvfrsbhgfs nlph-gfsls kf cftljfs, Dlwlouambahcfgtñ quf ugls aultrh fc-prfsls nlphgfsls (CbtsuebsmbAhrp., Cbtsub Cbgbgo, Ylg Yl-ab`ba Ahppfr y Qucbthch) plrtb-abplg fg vlrbls hpfrlabhgfs cb-gfrls.

Qf trltl kf jls hpfrlabhgfsLgtlcbgl, Yljjal, Mulgzljì y Af-rrh Pfrkf4 lkfcìs kf jhs prh-

yfaths \ufamul, \ufjjlvfah Ltljlyl, kf aherf y zbga fg fYfrþ.

Fj fnfautbvh sfüljñ quf jlsrfjlabhgfs ahcfrabljfs y vfg

tls cbgfrls kfskf Yfrþ shgrfjfvlgtfs plrl Nlpñg, trls bgkbalr quf, plrl fj plãs lsbìtbahYfrþ fs su sfougkh vfgkfkhrkf aherf, ahg ug <6% kf plrtbabplabñg fg su vhjucfg thtlj kfahcprls4 y fj tfrafr vfgkfkhrcìs bcphrtlgtf kf zbga, ahg5<% kf prfsfgabl (phr kftrìskf Lustrljbl y Ehjbvbl).

Qherf jls latbvbklkfs fg Afrrh Pfrkf (Lrfqubpl), khgkfQucbthch Cftlj Cbgbgo tbfgfug <0.=% kf plrtbabplabñg, Dlwlouamb kbnh quf jl lcpjblabñgahrrfsphgkf l ltfgkfr jl cl

yhr kfclgkl kf aherf fg fcugkh. ‚Ahg pfrcbshs y jbafgabls yl lprhelkhs, jls herlsahcfgzlrhg fg clrzh plslkh–, kbnh. Qf fstbcl quf fstlsahgajuylg lgtfs kfj 59<6 yfcpbfaf jl prhkuaabñg fg f59<0, plslgkh kf 199,999[C l 699,999 [C lguljfsJhs olsths bgbabljfs shg VQ$;,;99 cbjjhgfs.




<9?

Kurlgtf cuamhs lühs, ah-ch fs glturlj, alkl latbvbklkfahgñcbal ml eusalkh rfsljtlrfj ìrfl kf su plrtbaujlr bgtfrâs.Qbg fcelroh, fsl eþsqufkl kfl`brclabñg, fg jl kb`frfgablabñgrfspfath kfj htrh, sufjf sfr pfr-abebkl ahch fxajusbñg4 phr jh tlg-

th, rfsljtlr jls kb`frfgabls phrfgabcl kf thkh lqufjjh quf ghsugf, rfsujtl ug fnfrababh quf sh-alvl jl ahmfsbñg shablj.

Vg plãs sf mlaf orlgkf fgjl cfkbkl quf ̀ hcfgtl jl ahmf-sbñg shablj y âstl sf jhorl -ljcfghs- aulgkh jl orlg clyhrãl

kf sus abuklklghs sf sbfgtf sltbs f̀aml f bkfgtb`balkl ahg su hr-olgbzlabñg ghrcltbvl, y aulgkhjls bgstlgabls kf kfabsbñg phjãtb-al prhpbablg fj alcbgh plrl jlrfljbzlabñg kf alkl ugh kf suscbfcerhs.

Gh sf trltl kf quf fj Fstlkhprhvfl lj abuklklgh, phrqufaulgkh fsth haurrbñ, jh jbcbtñfg sus phtfgabljbklkfs y chtbvñl quf fj oruph fg jl lkcbgbstrl-abñg kfj Fstlkh jh utbjbaf, fg vfzkf ahgvfrtbrjh fg ug abuklkl-gh lutñghch, prñspfrh y rfs-phgslejf plrl ahg sus hejbol-abhgfs y ahg sus ahgabuklkl-ghs.

Fj jfcl ‚Fj Yfrþ, plãs plrl

thkhs– mlaf rf`frfgabl lj fspl-abh `ãsbah khgkf thkls jls latbvbklkfs muclgls tbfgfg jfoãtb-ch bgtfrâs fg kfslrrhjjlrsf,phr ahgsboubfgtf, clgtfgfr fs-

tl pjurljbklk sf supfrphgf lauljqubfr bgtfrâs kf ug oruphquf prhpuogf jl fxajusbñg kfljougl latbvbklk fg plrtbaujlr.

Fg fj ìcebth fkualtbvh, tfgf-chs ug sbstfcl pþejbah y htrhprbvlkh quf erbgkl kbamh sfrvb-abh4 pfrh, ¸auìj fs fj bgtfrâsprbgabplj kf jhs plkrfs kf `l-cbjbl8, quf jl aljbklk kf jl fku-alabñg quf rfabefg sus mbnhssfl jl cfnhr phsbejf, quf jhsprfplrf plrl fg`rfgtlr jhs rf-

ths kfj `uturh, sbg quf rfvbstlclyhr trlsafgkfgabl qubâg erbg-

kf fj sfrvbabh.Ahch ahgsfaufgabl kf jl kf-

absbñg ouefrglcfgtlj kf lerbrjl fahghcãl pfrulgl lj cugkh,fg jl kâalkl kf <229, y jl ahg-

tbgubklk kf kbamls phjãtbals fgjhs suafsbvhs ohebfrghs, jl fx-plgsbñg fahgñcbal ml rfkuab-kh sbogb`baltbvlcfgtf jl pherf-zl, ̀ hrtljfabkh jl ajlsf cfkbl yml fcphkfrlkh l jl phejlabñgplrl quf hptf phr htrls hpabh-gfs fkualtbvls cìs ljjì kf jlh`frtl pþejbal. Fj rfsujtlkh mlsbkh quf cìs kfj 69% kf jlcltrãaujl fsahjlr fg Jbcl sf rf-obstrl fg jls bgstbtuabhgfs fku-altbvls prbvlkls, alsh sbcbjlrml haurrbkh fg jls prhvbgabls.¸Yhr quâ jl clyhrãl kf jhs pl-

krfs kfabkbfrhg rfgugablr l jlorltubklk kf jl fgsfülgzl h`rf-abkl phr fj Fstlkh y ahcprh-cftfrsf ahg ug sfrvbabh quf jfs

kfclgkl su`rlolr fj ahsth kfjcbsch8 Jl rfspufstl fstì fgquf jls pfrshgls, aulgkh jh-orlg luthghcãl fahgñcbal, suf-jfg fnfrafr su alplabklk kf kf-absbñg, y fj tbfcph ml kfchstrl-kh quf mlg lafrtlkh cìs quflqufjjhs quf kfskf fj fgtf ou-efrglcfgtlj arffg slefr quâfs jh quf cìs jfs ahgvbfgf ljhs kfcìs.

Fg jh quf rfspfatl l sljuk,ml haurrbkh ljoh sbcbjlr. [hkhlqufj quf jhorñ ugl cfnhr phsb-abñg fahgñcbal hptl phr fj sfr-

vbabh prbvlkh lgtfs quf rfaurrbr

lj pþejbah. Htrl vfz, fj arfab-cbfgth rfsujtl ug mfamh phsbtb- vh, tlgth plrl ughs ahch plrlqubfgfs tbfgfg quf sfoubr fc-pjflgkh fj sfrvbabh pþejbah, ylquf aulgkh ug sfocfgth kf jlphejlabñg kfnl kf laukbr l kb-amh sfrvbabh, luthcìtbalcfgtfâstf sf kfsahgofstbhgl, phr jh

tlgth, fj laafsh l jl ltfgabñgcâkbal kf qubfgfs rfaurrfg ljsfrvbabh pþejbah sf mlaf cìslsfqubejf.

Fg fj ìcebth prhkuatbvh, tlcebâg sf prhkuafg sbgfrobls y ahcpjfcfgtlrbfklkfs quf ef-gf`bablg l thkhs jhs abuklklghs.Yhr fnfcpjh, aulgkh ug oruphkf bgvfrsbhgbstls kfabkf ahgs-

trubr ugl mbkrhfjâatrbal, jh quf

sufjf mlafr fs ug Yjlg kf Gf-ohabhs plrl ahghafr sb fj sfrvb-abh quf vl l h`frtlr aufgtl ahgphtfgabljfs ahgsucbkhrfs ah-ch plrl nustb`balr jl bgvfrsbñgkfj prhyfath. Kf sfr lsã, jhs bg-

vfrsbhgbstls kfefg ahgvhalr ljrfaursh muclgh alplabtlkh pl-rl fnfautlr fj prhyfath, qubfgfsjf prhphgkrìg jl ofhorl`ãl cìslkfaulkl. Fj sboubfgtf plsh fsbkfgtb`balr l jhs prhpbftlrbhs kfj

tfrrfgh, lsã ahch l thkh fj pþ-ejbah quf pukbfsf tfgfr ljoþgbgtfrâs fg fj cbsch.

¸Yhr quâ8, phrquf mlerìquf ahgstrubr alcbghs kf laaf-sh kfskf jl vãl pþejbal cìs afr-algl, ahgsucbr ljbcfgths jhal-jfs, vbgaujlr l jhs phejlkhrfs

ahg jhs ‚gufvhs vfabghs–. Fglkfjlgtf, jhs lgtbouhs vfabghs tfgkrìg jberf laafsh l ug alcb-gh quf gh fxbstãl prfvblcfgtfh quf gh rfugãl jls ahgkbabhgfskf vblebjbklk quf sã rfqubfrf fjprhyfath fg cfgabñg.

Kf ahgarftlrsf jl mbkrhfjâa- trbal, jls phsbebjbklkfs kf qufjl phejlabñg jhalj aufgtf ahgfgfroãl fjâatrbal sf larfabfg-

tlg, pufs ugl kbstrbeubkhrl ml-jjlrì fg fjjhs ug cfralkh ph-

tfgablj. Lsbcbsch, lj fgahgtrlr-sf bgtfrahgfatlkh lj sbstfcl kfofgfrlabñg fjâatrbal glabhglj,auljqubfr fcprfgkbcbfgth plrllprhvfamlr fj phtfgablj ofhjñob-ah kfj plãs sf mlaf cìs vblejf

y, phr jh tlgth, jl kfclgkl kf

bgsuchs plrl jl latbvbklk cbgf-rl sf bgarfcfgtl4 jls bgkustrbls prhvffkhrls phkrìg fx-plgkbrsf fg jl cfkbkl quf mlyl

fgfroãl su`babfgtf y jl ofgfrl-abñg kf vljhr lorfolkh kfnlrìkf sfr ug lgmfjh plrl trlgs`hr-clrsf fg ljoh ahgarfth.

Qbg fcelroh, tlgth jls mb-krhfjâatrbals ahch htrls ̀ ufg-

tfs kf prhkuaabñg kf fgfroãl(fñjbal, ofhtfrcbl, shjlr, fta.)rfqubfrfg kf alcbghs, y fsthsalcbghs bgtfrahgfatlrìg l ph-ejlkhs fxbstfgtfs l jh jlroh kfjl rutl, ̀ labjbtlgkh fj trlsjlkh kf

jhs phejlkhrfs y sus prhkuathsmlabl clyhrfs afgtrhs kf ahg-such fg jls abuklkfs. Lkf-cìs, ljougl kf fstls abuklkfsphkrãl ahgtlr ahg pufrths quf`labjbtlrìg jl fxphrtlabñg kfjl prhkuaabñg kfj bgtfrbhr kfjplãs.

Jls rutls bgtfrhafìgbalsshg jl prhjhgolabñg kf jhs al-cbghs. Yhr fsh fs bcphrtlgtfquf ug plãs aufgtf ahg ugl bg-`rlfstruaturl lkfaulkl, ch-kfrgl, hrkfglkl, phrquf l trl-

vâs kf gufstrl prhkuaabñg tlc-ebâg fxphrtlchs gufstrl aujtu-rl, gufstrhs mìebths. Aulgkhsf kl l ahghafr lj cugkh ‚JlAhabgl Yfrulgl–, sf fstì prh-chvbfgkh jl fxphrtlabñg kf prh-

kuaths lorãahjls y pfaulrbhs,bgafgtbvlgkh jl clyhr prhkua-abñg jhalj, efgf`bablgkh lj alc-pfsbgh.

‚Fj Yfrþ, plãs kf thkhs– fsfj kfj alcpfsbgh, kfj herfrh,kfj prh`fsbhglj, kfj ahcfrablg-

tf, kfj bgvfrsbhgbstl quf arfffg fj Yfrþ y su ofgtf, quf ghpjlgtfl fxajusbhgfs, sbgh fg-aufgtrhs ̀ ruatã`frhs kf ugl la-

tbvbklk ahg htrl. Fj Yfrþ kfj ̀ u- turh fs fj kf jl ‚Yhsbebjbklk– sh-ülkl phr Khg Nhrof Elslkrf,fj Mbsthrblkhr kf jl Ufpþejb-al, fj Yfrþ kfj plslkh fs fjkfj ‚Yrhejfcl–. Kbamh ‚Yrhejf-cl– jh fcpfzlrfchs l rfshj-

vfr aulgkh ghs ahgvfgzlchs thkhs kf quf gufstrh juolr fg

fstl mbsthrbl fs supfrlr fj ahg-`jbath y sfoubr arfabfgkh plrlquf cìs pfrulghs kfnfg kf

vbvbr fg ahgkbabhgfs kf pherfzl.

Oubjjfrch Pbkljñg kfj Ybgh, Qupfrbg- tfgkfgtf kf Ufjlabhgfs Yþejbals,Qhutmfrg Yfru Ahppfr Ahrphrltbhg.

Gufstrh plãs fs kf jhs quf eusalg ahmfsbhgfs y gh pjlgtflg fxajusbhgfs.

[fgfchs jl hejbolabñg kf supfrlr ahg`jbaths y arfafr plrl quf cìs

pfrulghs lelgkhgfg jl pherfzl.

YFUÞ, YLÃQ KF [HKHQYlrl CVGKH CBGFUH phr> Oubjjfrch Pbkljñg kfj Ybgh



<9= Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

CFALGBQCHQ KF @BGLGABLCBFF]YJHULABÑG CBGFUL FG F

<. @BGLGABLCBFG[H L JL CBGFUÃL CVGKBLJ

Fj ̀ bglgablcbfgth cbgfrh fg of-gfrlj ml sbkh trlkbabhgljcfgtf rfl-jbzlkh l trlvâs kf abgah cfalgbs-chs> fcbsbhgfs kf h`frtl pþejbalbgbablj kf alpbtlj (BYH), lucfgths

kf alpbtlj kf fcprfsls yl jbstlklsfg ehjsl (@hjjhw hg ), ehghs ahgvfrtbejfs fg laabhgfs, ehghs y prâstl-chs elgalrbhs.

Kfskf lj lüh 599? jl hetfg-abñg kf rfaurshs phr plrtf kf jlsfcprfsls cbgfrls sf ml bgarfcf-

tlgkh shstfgbklcfgtf, sbg fcelr-oh tlj tfgkfgabl ̀ uf bgtfrrucpbklfj 5992 phr f`faths kf jl arbsbssueprbcf y jufoh fj 59<5 phr uglsfrbf kf `lathrfs, kfstlalgkh jlalãkl fg fj prfabh kf jhs cftljfs,arbsbs fg jl Furhzhgl y ugl clyhrlvfrsbñg lj rbfsoh phr jhs bgvfrsbh-gbstls y fgtbklkfs ̀ bglgabfrls (@b- ourl <).

Fstf cfghr lpftbth phr rbfsohjbcbtñ kf ̀ hrcl bcphrtlgtf jls vãlskf ̀ bglgablcbfgth kf fcprfsls cb-gfrls fg prhkuaabñg y kf fcprf-sls fxpjhrlkhrls ( nugbhr ).Fj `bglgablcbfgth elgalrbh ah-cbfgzl l prfsfgtlr ug alcebh kfalrìatfr fstruaturlj phr jl kfebjb-klk kf sbstfcl ̀ bglgabfrh furhpfh,

trlkbabhglj prfstlcbstl kf jls cb-gfrls clnhrs y phr htrh jlkh, jlbcpjfcfgtlabñg kfj laufrkh kf El-sbjfl BBB quf hejbolrì l jhs elgahsl kbsphgfr kf clyhrfs rfqufrbcbfg-

ths kf alpbtlj h tfgfr ugl cfghralrtfrl kf prâstlchs cìs lahtlkl.

L ahgtbgulabñg sf fxpjbalg jlsprbgabpljfs ajlsfs kf ̀ bglgablcbfg-

th sfüljlkls fg jl @bourl <>Fcbsbhgfs kf h`frtl pþejbal bgb-

ablj kf laabhgfs (BYH)> sf rf`bfrfl jl prbcfrl vfgtl kf laabhgfs kfugl fcprfsl prbvlkl lj pþejbah pl-rl quf âstf pufkl bgvfrtbr fg fjjl

fg jl ehjsl. Lucfgths kf alpbtlj kf fc-

prfsls fg Ehjsl (@hjjhw -hg )> fsugl fcbsbñg kf laabhgfs kf ugl fc-prfsl quf sf fgaufgtrl jbstlkl fgehjsl prfvblcfgtf y tbfgf fj henf-

tbvh kf lucfgtlr fj alpbtlj kf jlfcprfsl.

Ehghs ahgvfrtbejfs fg laabh-gfs> shg ugl ajlsf kf ehghs qufphsbebjbtl l su phsffkhr jl hpabñgkf algnflrjh phr laabhgfs kf guf-

vl fcbsbñg l ug prfabh prf`bnlkh.Ehghs> shg bgstrucfgths ̀ bglg-

abfrhs kf kfukl utbjbzlkhs phr fc-prfsls u htrls fgtbklkfs utbjbzlkhsplrl ̀ bglgablrsf. Fstf tãtujh kf kfu-kl fs lkqubrbkh phr ug tfrafrh fjaulj tbfgf kfrfamh l pfrabebr ug bg-

tfrâs y fj ploh kfj prbgabplj qufpufkf sfr lj vfgabcbfgth h fg htrl`faml fstbpujlkl prfvblcfgtf.

Yrâstlchs elgalrbhs> fs fj ̀ b-glgablcbfgth l trlvâs kf ug arâkb-

th hthrolkh phr elgah h ug oruphkf âsths (arâkbth sbgkbalkh) kf ugprhyfath cbgfrh, fj aulj sf plolrìahg jhs `junhs kf âstf.

Fg fj lüh 59<5 jls fcprfslskfj sfathr cbgfrh sf ̀ bglgablrhg l trlvâs kf ehghs phr VQ$ <<1 eb-jjhgfs, klgkh aufgtl kf jl sustbtu-abñg kfj cfralkh kf kfukl elgal-rbl ahch clyhr ̀ ufgtf kf alpbtlj.Jhs lucfgths kf alpbtlj kf fcprf-sls fg Ehjsl (@hjjhw -hg ) alyfrhg;=% fj 59<5 rfspfath lj lüh lg-

tfrbhr, lghtlgkh VQ$ 56,2 ebjjhgfs y fj ̀ bglgablcbfgth l trlvâs kf eh-ghs ahgvfrtbejfs ljalgzñ sñjh ug<,;% kfj thtlj ̀ bglgablkh kbamh lüh.

Lsbcbsch, jls fcbsbhgfs pþejb-als bgbabljfs kf laabhgfs fg 59<5alyfrhg l VQ$ <,1= ebjjhgfs kfs-kf jhs VQ$ <?,; ebjjhgfs lghtlkhsfj 59<< (-25%), sbfgkh fj gbvfj cìselnh kfskf fj lüh 599?, l`fatlg-kh prbgabpljcfgtf l jls fcprfsls

nugbhrs . Kbamls ahcplüãls hptlg

phr fstf cfalgbsch plrl jfvlgtlralpbtlj fg jls pjlzls eursìtbjfs kf[hrhgth ([Q]-[Q]P), LBC kf Jhg-krfs y Lustrljbl (LQ]) sfoþg sf fx-phgf fg jl @bourl 5.

Fg fstf ìcebth jhs prbgabpljfspbjlrfs kfj `bglgablcbfgth cbgfrhùturh, klkl ugl cfghr y cìs ahs-

thsl ùfgtf kf alpbtlj sfrì jl prf-sfrvlabñg kfj alpbtlj> fj henftbvh fsclgtfgfr fj alpbtlj latulj, kbsabpjb-gl fg fj prhafsh bgvfrsbhglj y clg-

tfgabñg kf jl aljb`balabñg arfkbtbabl.Fstf prhafsh kf alcebh fg fj

`bglgablcbfgth trlkbabhglj ofgfrl-rì ugl clyhr rfjfvlgabl kf prfs-

tlcbstls fstrltâobahs, prhvffkh-rfs kf fqubphs, elgahs glabhgljfs

y htrhs bgvfrsbhgbstls ahg arfltbvhscfalgbschs kf ̀ bglgablcbfgth cb-gfrh quf ahcpjftlrìg jl erfamlplrl fj ̀ bglgablcbfgth rfgugablklphr jl elgal. Lsbcbsch, jl prhaf-kfgabl kf fsths bgvfrsbhgbstls fsprbgabpljcfgtf kfj Lsbl, kfstlalg-kh Ambgl, Nlpñg, Ahrfl y Qbgolpur.

Vgh kf jhs prbgabpljfs cfal-gbschs kf ̀ bglgablcbfgth utbjbzlkhphr fsths bgvfrshrfs fs fj kf @u-sbhgfs y Lkqubsbabhgfs (@bourl 1).Fs lsã ahch jl plrtbabplabñg kf fs-

ths bgvfrsbhgbstls fg cltfrbl kf @u-sbhgfs y Lkqubsbabhgfs ljalgzñ fj59<5 ug 1<%, sherfplslgkh fj5<% lghtlkh fg fj 59<< (@bourl ;).

Ahg thkh, lqufjjls fcprfslslphylkls phr fj Fstlkh shg jls quf

tbfgfg ugl clyhr plrtbabplabñg fgùsbhgfs y lkqubsbabhgfs rfljbzlklskurlgtf fj 59<5, klgkh aufgtl kf

jl bcphrtlgabl plrl kftfrcbglkhsplãsfs ahch Ambgl, Ahrfl y Nlpñgkf lsfourlr fj sucbgbstrh, l jlrohpjlzh, kf cftljfs l trlvâs kf fc-prfsls tljfs ahch Ambgljah, Cbg-cftljs h Dhrfs. Yhr htrh jlkh, jlsfcprfsls nlphgfsls Cbtsub, Cl-ruefgb, Qucbthch y Cbtsuebsmb qufshg latbvls fg fj sfathr cbgfrh tlc-ebâg, hetbfgfg `bglgablcbfgth pþ-ejbah prhvfgbfgtf kfj Elgah Bgtfr-glabhglj kf Nlpñg, lþg aulgkh suskfabsbhgfs kf bgvfrsbñg shg bgkf-pfgkbfgtfs.

5. F[LYLQ KF JL F]YJHULABÑG R UBFQOH

Jl fxpjhrlabñg cbgfrl tbfgfkbstbgtls ftlpls, sbfgkh jls bgbabl-jfs lqufjjls ahg clyhr rbfsoh ([l- ejl <), ltfgkbfgkh jls elnls prhel-ebjbklkfs kf âxbth, jl cfghr bg`hr-clabñg y clyhr bgafrtbkucerf rfs-pfath l jhs rfaurshs fxpjhrlkhs.

Jl fxpjhrlabñg fg ftlpls bgbabl-jfs y lvlgzlkls kfghcbglkl orlss- rhhts y jltf stlof shg latbvbklkfskfslrrhjjlkls prbgabpljcfgtf phrfcprfsls nugbhrs , ltfgkbfgkh fj cl-

yhr rbfsoh quf tbfgfg. Jls alrlatf-rãstbals kf fstls fcprfsls y fj prf-supufsth phr ftlpl kf kfslrrhjjhsf fxphgfg fg jl [lejl 5.

Jls nugb hrs sf pufkfg ajlsb`balrfg fj oruph kf lqufjjls ahcplüãlsquf tbfgfg ugl ljtl rfgtlebjbklk,pfrh quf gh tbfgfg aljb`balabñg kfrbfsoh phr jh quf tbfgfg elrrfrlsbcphrtlgtfs plrl hetfgfr `bglg-ablcbfgth l trlvâs kf prâstlchs

y ehghs, yl quf gh ofgfrlg bgorfshs ahg afrtfzl. Fjjh, ahgsbkfrlgkh quf jls fgtbklkfs `bglgabfrlssf ̀ haljbzlg fg jhs ̀ junhs quf ofgfrl ugl fcprfsl plrl quf sfl su

nfth kf arâkbth, cbfgtrls quf jhs`junhs kf jls nugbhr s shg ljtlcfgtfbgabfrths f bcprhelejfs.

Jls nugbhr s pufkfg eusalr cgfrljfs fg tfrrfghs kf ljth rbfsohf bgfxpjhrlkhs, shg cìs `jfxbejfsfg jl thcl kf kfabsbhgfs y lkfcìs tbfgfg ugl cfghr eurharlablquf jls clnhrs . Fg fstf sfgtbkhjls ahcplüãls nugbhr s ahgtbgþlgjbkfrlgkh jl fxpjhrlabñg orlssrhht

tfgbfgkh fj ;?,2% (VQ$ 1.959cbjjhgfs) kfj thtlj olstlkh fg kbaml ftlpl fj 59<5 (VQ$ 0.1<5cbjjhgfs).

Ghrcljcfgtf, jl fxpjhrlabñgltrlf bgvfrsbhgbstls quf eusalghphrtugbklkfs kf ljths rfthrghsslebfgkh quf fs ug gfohabh kf lj

th rbfsoh. Jl cbgfrãl fg fstlkh kfprhkuaabñg, fg alcebh, fs `bglgablkl phr bgvfrsbhgbstls quf eusalg ug gbvfj kf rbfsoh cìs lahtlkh y quf fs sbcbjlr l htrhs gfohabhs. L cfkbkl quf fj prhyfath cgfrh vl lvlgzlgkh, fj rbfsoh vl kbscbguyfgkh yl quf fxbstf clyhr bg`hrclabñg sherf jhs rfaurshs.

1. F[LYLQ KF VGL FCYUFQLNVGBHU R @BGLGABLCBFG[H

Jls ftlpls y ljtfrgltbvls kf ̀glgablcbfgth utbjbzlkls phr jls fcprfsls nugbhrs l gbvfj cugkblj kurlgtf su kfslrrhjjh sf pufkfg kbs

Yrhùgkbzlr fj ahghabcbfgth rfjlabhglkh l jl bg-

vfrsbñg fg fxpjhrlabñg, ftlpl kfj gfohabh cbgfrhùgklcfgtlj plrl fj kfslrrhjjh kf jl cbgfrãl kfug plãs, fs ugl gfafsbklk bcpfrltbvl. Ylrl sltbs-`lafr fsl kfclgkl, jl Kbrfaabñg kf Fstukbhs kf jlAhcbsbñg Ambjfgl kfj Aherf (Ahambjah) khaucfgtljhs cfalgbschs y fvhjuabñg kfj `bglgablcbfgth ljl bgkustrbl cbgfrl fg fj cugkh, y kftljjl, fg ̀ hrclplrtbaujlr, jls ùfgtfs kf alpbtlj lj quf laafkfg jlsahcplüãls auyl latbvbklk afgtrlj fs jl fxpjhrlabñgcbgfrl, jls jjlclkls nugbhrs.




<92

[H YLUL JLCVGKH

br yl quf fg ofgfrlj jls `hr-kf alpturl kf rfaurshs kf-fg kf jl ftlpl fg quf sf fg-trf jl fcprfsl y kfj prhafshxpjhrlabñg.

1.< F[LYLQ KF VGL FCYUFQL NVGBHU

gl fcprfsl nugbhr kl aufgtlstbgtls ftlpls fg su kfslrrh-s quf sf sfüljlg l ahgtbgul-

YL B> Bkfl

j ahcfgzlr ugl fcprfslr , âstl fs ahg`hrclkl phrhohs h bgvfrsbhgbstls quf tbf-ahch þgbah alpbtlj ugl bkfl kfrlabñg y ugl prhpbfklk.

YL BB> @ugabhglcbfgth

g fstl ftlpl kf ̀ ugabhglcbfg-oruph hrbobglrbh kfabkf kfsl-r jl fcprfsl fg fj fvfgth quffsujtlkhs sflg `lvhrlejfs.

YL BBB> Fxpjhrlabñgg fstl `lsf kf fxpjhrlabñg jlrfsl sf fgaufgtrl fxpjhrlg-s kfabr, rfljbzlgkh jls latbvb-s gfafslrbls plrl fstbclr jlgabljbklk ofhjñobal tljfs ah-clpfhs, rfahghabcbfgth vb-ofhquãcbal, ofh`ãsbal, cufs-prufels kf jlehrlthrbh f bg-

labñg sltfjbtlj, fgtrf htrls.

YL BP> Fxpjhrlabñg Lvlgzlkl

g fj fstlkh kf fxpjhrlabñgzlkl jl nugbhr bgbabl tlrfls kflnfs ahg fj henfth kf alrlatf-fj ylabcbfgth y hetfgfr rf-

hs bgkbalkhs y cfkbkhs. Lkb-ljcfgtf, sf rfljbzlg fstukbhs

cftljurobl lvlgzlkl y sf kf-

hjjl ug pjlg cbgfrh, plrl tfr-r `bgljcfgtf ahg ug fstukbhatbebjbklk y lsã aulgtb`balr jlsrvls prhelkls.

F[LYL P> Kfslrrhjjh kfj Yrhyfath

Fg jl ftlpl kf kfslrrhjjh kfj prhyfath, sf tbfgfg yl kf`bgbkhs jhs rf-aurshs kfj ylabcbfgth y mlg ah-cfgzlkh l kfslrrhjjlrsf jls bgof-gbfrãls plrl su pufstl fg clraml,

yl quf suphgf quf fj prhyfath cb-

gfrh fs fahgñcbalcfgtf vblejfkf ahg`hrcbklk lj fstukbh kf `latbebjbklk rfljbzlkh fg jl ftlpl prfvbl.

1.5 FPHJVABÑG KFJ@BGLGABLCBFG[H KF JLQ

FCYUFQLQ NVGBHU

Klkh fj chkfjh kf gfohabhs kfjls fcprfsls nugbhrs , jls auljfselslg su rfthrgh fg phtfgabljfsbgorfshs ̀ uturhs, su alplabklk pl-rl jfvlgtlr ̀ hgkhs kfpfgkf kf jlsahgkbabhgfs kfj cfralkh ̀ bglgabf-rh, bgtfrâs kf jhs bgvfrsbhgbstls yprfabh kf jhs cftljfs.

Yhstfrbhrcfgtf jls ahcplüãlsquf shg fxbthsls lj plslr kf jlftlpl kf fxpjhrlabñg lj kfslrrhjjhkfj prhyfath utbjbzlg vlrblkls ̀ufg-

tfs kf `bglgablcbfgth ahch kfu-kl, laabhgfs, ehghs ahgvfrtbejfs,rhyljtbfs y laufrkhs.

Ahch sf pufkf hesfrvlr fgjl @bourl 6, fj ùfrtf bgarfcfgthkf jhs prfabhs kf jhs cftljfs bc-pujsñ tlcebâg fj ̀ bglgablcbfgth kffstf tbph kf fcprfsls y fj olsthquf rfljbzlg fg fxpjhrlabñg kfskffj 5991 l jl ̀ faml. Fg ̀ hrcl hpufs-

tl, jhs lühs 599=, 5992 y 59<5kbamls aulgtãls prfsfgtlg rftrh-afshs bcphrtlgtfs, klkls jls alã-kls kf jhs prfabhs kf jhs cftljfs.Qf kfstlal jl alãkl kfj `bglgabl-cbfgth fg 6?,5% kfj 599= rfs-pfath lj 599?. Fg fj lüh 59<5 fj`bglgablcbfgth alyñ l VQ$ 1.2?;cbjjhgfs kfskf jhs VQ% 6.??9 cb-jjhgfs rfobstrlkhs fj lüh prfvbh(-1<,<%).

Ahg thkh plrl fj 59<1 sf fs-pfrlg alãkls fg fj olsth fg fxpjh-rlabñg y ̀ bglgablcbfgth kf jls fc-prfsls fxpjhrlkhrls, ltfgkbfgkh

fj rftrhafsh fxpfrbcfgtlkh phr fjprfabh kf jhs cftljfs eìsbahs, lkf-cìs kfj hrh. Fstf þjtbch cftlj mlrfobstrlkh ug rftrhafsh sbogb`baltb-

vh, tfgbfgkh ugl alãkl lj 1< kf clyh kf 59<1 ahg rfspfath lj abfrrfkfj 59<5 kf <6,5%.

Alef sfüljlr quf fj 5992 jls

fcprfsls nugbhrs pukbfrhg jfvlgtlr (=,=%) cìs rfaurshs quf fj lühlgtfrbhr kfebkh l quf fj prfabh kfjhrh ahgtbguñ suebfgkh. Fsth kbhaufgtl kfj bgtfrâs kf jhs bgvfrsbh-gbstls phr fgtrfolr rfaurshs llqufjjls nugbhrs ahg ̀ hah fg fxpjh-rlabñg fg hrh, jh quf gh sf rfpftb-rãl fstf lüh 59<1, klkls jls cf-ghrfs prhyfaabhgfs plrl fj prfabhkfj cftlj ahg rfspfath l jhs lühsprfvbhs. Vg lspfath lkbabhglj qufahgtrbeuyñ lj clyhr ̀ bglgablcbfg-

th kurlgtf fj lüh 5992 fs qufcuamls kf fstls fcprfsls quf

tfgãlg ug `hah fg fxpjhrlabñg kfcftljfs elsf, alceblrhg su ̀ hahl fxpjhrlabñg fg hrh, kfebkh lj ljthprfabh kf fstf y fj cfghr prfabhkf jhs cftljfs elsf. Fsth ̀ uf phsb-ejf orlabls l jl ̀ jfxbebjbklk y alplab-

klk kf lklptlabñg kf fstls ahc-plüãls.Yhr htrh jlkh, ltfgkbfgkh fj fs-

afglrbh cìs lnustlkh fg târcbghskf `bglgablcbfgth kfj 59<5, jls

nugbhrs bgarfcfgtlrhg shjlcfgtffg ;,=% fj prfsupufsth kf fxpjh-rlabñg plrl fsf lüh, fvbtlgkh kffstl ̀ hrcl olstlr fg ̀ hrcl sbogb`b-altbvl jhs rfaurshs. Fj 59<< kbhaufgtl kf ug bgarfcfgth kf 69%rfspfath kfj 59<9.

Jhs plãsfs quf sf mlg clgtf-gbkh fg fj tbfcph ahch `lvhrbthsplrl fj kfstbgh kf jhs rfaurshskfstbglkhs l jl fxpjhrlabñg shgAlglkì, Lustrljbl, Fstlkhs Vgbkhs

y Câxbah, kfebkh l jl `lcbjblrbklkplrl jls nugbhrs , jl ̀ labjbklk kf la-afsh y fj elnh rbfsoh plãs. Yhr htrhjlkh, fg Quklcârbal kfstlal Ambjf

y Yfrþ. Alglkì prfsfgtl ugl lc-pjbl vfgtlnl rfspfath l jl ltrlaabñgkf rfaurshs plrl fxpjhrlabñg kfeb-kh prbgabpljcfgtf l khs rlzhgfs>q Jls fcprfsls cbgfrls tbfgfg

laafsh l prh`fsbhglj kfj sfathr `bglgabfrh ahg lcpjbhs ah-ghabcbfgths kf jl cbgfrãl.

q Jls fcprfsls cbgfrls tbfgfglaafsh l bgvfrsbhgbstls qufahcprfgkfg jl bgkustrbl y qubf-rfg lj cbsch tbfcph bgvfrtbrfg fjjl.Yhr htrh jlkh, fxbstfg plãsfs

quf klg aufgtl kf ug clyhr gþ-cfrh kf kfsauerbcbfgths fg prh-phrabñg lj kbgfrh bgvfrtbkh fg fjjhs,kfstlalgkh fg fj 59<5 Lustrl-jbl.

1.1 @VFG[FQ

@BGLGABLCBFG[HFg fstl sfaabñg sf kftljjlg jhs

prbgabpljfs cfalgbschs kf ̀ bglg-

ablcbfgth kf jls fcprfsls nugbhrs h fxpjhrlkhrls. Fj `bglgablcbfgthl trlvâs kf Alpbtlj kf Ubfsoh Yþ-ejbah (BYH fg Ehjsls Fcfrofgtfs)sf kftljjlrì, klkl su rfjfvlgabl,fg jl sfaabñg sboubfgtf.q Oruestldf > sf kfghcbgl lsã lj

alpbtlj bgbablj quf fs hetfgbkh

ofgfrljcfgtf kf jhs ùgklkh-rfs, lcbohs y `lcbjbl kurlgtfjl prbcfrl ftlpl kf jl fcprf-sl. Fstf ̀ bglgablcbfgth fs fg-

trfolkh ofgfrljcfgtf l alc-ebh kf plrtbabplabñg fg jl prh-pbfklk h fg jls utbjbklkfs.

q Bgvfrsbhgbstls ìgofjfs> shg bgvfrsbhgbstls quf lphrtlg `hg-khs prhpbhs y gh kf tfrafrhsl fcprfsls fg ftlpl kf `hr-clabñg u hrolgbzlabñg. Fsthsbgvfrshrfs plrtbabplg fg jl ftl-pl kf ùgabhglcbfgth kf jlahcplüãl nugbhr .

q Alpbtlj kf rbfsoh prbvlkh> fsug lphrtf kf alpbtlj l ugl fc-prfsl phtfgabljcfgtf fxbthslquf gh fs trlgslkl fg fj cfr-alkh kf alpbtljfs. Aulgkh fs-

ths `hgkhs kf rbfsoh bgvbfrtfg

fg fstls ahcplüãls sf trlgs-`hrclg fg kufühs plrabljfs kfâstl. Fsths bgvfrshrfs pufkfgplrtbabplr fg jl ftlpl kf ̀ ugabh-glcbfgth h kf fxpjhrlabñg kfjl ahcplüãl nugbhr .

q BYH fg Ehjsl ahgshjbklkl> Juf-oh kf ugl fcbsbñg kf laabhgfsfg ugl ehjsl fcfrofgtf y ahgug prhyfath ahg clyhr kfslrrh-jjh, jl nugbhr pufkf fcbtbr laabh-gfs fg ̀ hrcl bgbablj fg ugl ehj-sl ahgshjbklkl, quf pufkf sfrjl JQF kf Jhgkrfs h jl GRQFkf Fstlkhs Vgbkhs.

q Fcbsbñg kf laabhgfs kf fcprf-sl fg Ehjsl> lucfgth kf alpb-

tlj rfljbzlkh phr jhs laabhgbstlsl ugl fcprfsl nugbhr ahg ah-

tbzlabñg eursìtb j prfvbl plrll`rhgtlr gufvhs prhyfaths h

ebfg ahg fj henfth kf cfnhrlrjl phsbabñg ̀ bglgabfrl kf jl fc-prfsl.

q @bglgablcbfgth elgalrbh> fstlùfgtf kf rfaurshs sf utbjbzlaulgkh jl fcprfsl nugbhr tbfgfug prhyfath fg kfslrrhjjh y ahg`junhs l plolr ùturhs rfjltb-

vlcfgtf kftfrcbglkhs. Fsthsprâstlchs, klkh jls ljtls aulg-

tãls bgvhjuarlkls shg fnfautl-

khs l trlvâs kf>s Arâkbths sbgkbalkhs> Fs ug

tbph kf prâstlch quf fs ahg-afkbkh phr ug oruph kf elg-ahs y fs fstruaturlkh y lk-cbgbstrlkh ofgfrljcfgtfphr ug elgah ahcfrablj hkf bgvfrsbñg. Ltfgkbfgkh fj

tlclüh kfj prâstlch, fstfsf kbvbkf fgtrf vlrbhs elg-ahs.

s Yrhnfat @bglgaf > Fs ug cf-algbsch kf ̀ bglgablabñg pl-rl bgvfrsbhgfs kf orlg fg-

vfrolkurl quf sf sustfgtlfg jhs ̀ junhs kf alnl kfj prh-

yfath, cìs quf fg jhs fstl-khs `bglgabfrhs kfj kufühkfj prhyfath plrl lsfourlr

jl kfvhjuabñg kf jhs prâstl-chs.

q Laufrkhs

Jls ahcplüãls nugbhr utbjbzlglaufrkhs ahg jls clnhrs plrl trls-plslrjfs prhpbfklkfs cbgfrls ahgphtfgablj ofhjñobah y kf fstl `hr-cl fstls þjtbcls fcprfsls puf-kfg bgarfcfgtlr sus rfsfrvls. Fs-

tl vãl kf jfvlgtlcbfgth kf rfaur-shs lkqubfrf clyhr rfjfvlgabl fgabajhs kf prfabhs elnhs kf jhs ahc-chkbtbfs h phr clyhrfs kb`baujtl-kfs fg fj cfralkh kf alpbtljfsahch jl sbtulabñg latulj. Jl tfg-kfgabl l kfslrrhjjlr laufrkhs fg-

trf jls fcprfsls orlgkfs surofkf jl ojheljbzlabñg kf jl bgkustrbl

y phr ugl clyhr fsaljl kf jhs prh-

yfaths.Yhr htrh jlkh, fstf tbph kflaufrkh tbfgf vfgtlnls plrl lc-

Fj `bglgablcbfgth cugkblj cbgfrh bgarfcfgtñ shstfgbklcfgtf kfskf fj lüh 599?, ahg fxafpabñg kfj 5992 fg quf fj cugkh vbvbñ jl arbsbs sueprbcf. Fj 59<5, kfebkh l jl alãkl fg fj prfabh kf jhs cftljfs y ugl clyhr lvfrsbñg lj rbfsoh, sf prhkunh ugl kbscbguabñg kf fstf `bglgablcbfgth, tfgkfgabl quf kfefrãl clgtfgfrsf fstf lüh.



<<9 Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

CFALGBQCHQ KF @BGLGABLCBFG[H YLUL JLF]YJHULABÑG CBGFUL FG FJ CVGKH

els ahcplüãls lj ahcplrtbr fj rbfs-oh y jhs ahsths kf jl fxpjhrlabñgorlssrhht . Jls clnhrs cbgbcbzlgfj rbfsoh kf fxpjhrlabñg y jls nugbhrs fgtrfolg ug clyhr ljalgaf

ofhorì`bah y laafsh l tfrrfghsahg kb`baujtlk kf ljalgaf.Fgtrf jhs prbgabpljfs laufrkhs,

kfstlalg>

s Laufrkh kf hpabñg (Flrg-Bg )>Fs ug cfalgbsch `jfxbejf y kfelnh rbfsoh, quf pfrcbtf hetf-gfr `bglgablcbfgth plrl lquf-jjhs prhyfaths cìs bgtfrfslg-

tfs. Jl cbgfrl clnhr jf fgtrf-ol `junhs kf `hgkhs fsaljhgl-khs l jl nugbhr sunfths l uglhpabñg kf ahcprl, jhs auljfskfpfgkfrìg kfj âxbth kf jl fx-pjhrlabñg. Lsã jf pfrcbtbrìg ljl fcprfsl rftbrlrsf kfj prh-

yfath sb gh rfsujtl prhcftf-khr. Qf utbjbzlg usuljcfgtf fgjls prbcfrls ftlpls kf fxpjh-rlabñg aulgkh fj rbfsoh fs cl-

yhr.s @lrc-hut > Fs ug laufrkh plrl

jl kbstrbeuabñg kfj rbfsoh, sbfg-kh ahcþg fg jl bgkustrbl cbgf-rl. Fstf laufrkh bcpjbal qufugl nugbhr (@lrchr) kfabkf h`rf-afr ugl plrtf kf ugl prhpbf-klk cbgfrl l ug tfrafrh (`lr-cff), phr ug ploh fg f`fatbvhl jl @lrchr y/h fg bgaurrbr fgabfrths olsths kf fxpjhrlabñg.

s Ljblgzl fstrltâobal> Fs uglaufrkh fg quf jl gfohablabñgahgsbkfrl ofgfrljcfgtf ug plãsh rfobñg ahcpjftl fg vfz kf uglprhpbfklk fspfaã`bal. Jl fcprf-sl clnhr tbfgf jl vfgtlnl kfclgtfgfr prfsfgabl fg htrhplãs sbg jl gfafsbklk kf fstl-

ejfafr h`babgls, pufs fj laufr-kh ahg jl nugbhr jf pfrcbtf bkfgtb`balr prhyfaths bgtfrfslgtfs tfcprlglcfgtf.

s Ufoljãl> Fstl ̀ hrcl kf laufr-kh ahgsbkfrl quf ugl fcprfslbgvfrsbhgbstl fgtrfol alnl phrlkfjlgtlkh y hthrol ugl jãgflkf arâkbth l ugl nugbhr l alc-ebh kf ugl plrtbabplabñg fg jhsbgorfshs ̀ uturhs h ebfg l alc-ebh kf jl vfgtl kf ugl plrtfkf jl prhkuaabñg.

1.; @BGLGABLCBFG[H L [ULPÂQ KF ALYB[LJ KF

UBFQOH YÞEJBAH (BYH FGEHJQLQ FCFUOFG[FQ

Lkfcìs kf jls ̀ ufgtfs kf ̀ bglg-

ablcbfgth sfüljlkls fg jl sfaabñglgtfrbhr, jls nugbhrs pufkfg laukbrl ugl Ehjsl kf Pljhrfs plrl hetf-gfr alpbtlj fg ̀ hrcl pþejbal, pfrhplrl fjjh, jl fcprfsl kfef klr

aufgtl kf latbvhs y kf ug alpbtlj yl `hrclkh.Fg fstf ìcebth, jl h`frtl kf

laabhgfs kf ugl fcprfsl nugbhr fs rfljbzlkl bgbabljcfgtf fg uglehjsl fspfabljbzlkl fg alpbtlj kfrbfsoh quf pufkf sfr fgtrf htrls,jl Ehjsl kf [hrhgth ([Q]/[Q]P)quf phsff ug cfralkh fxajusbvhplrl fj alpbtlj kf rbfsoh ([Q] Pfg-

turf h [Q]P), jl ehjsl lustrljbl-gl (LQ]) y jl ̀ bjblj kf jl Jhgkhg Qthad Fxamlgof (JQF) kfkbalkl l jl bg-

vfrsbhg fg fcprfsls pfqufüls(LBC).

Jhs ltrlatbvhs plrl quf fcprf-sls fcfrofgtfs y ahg fsalshs lg-

tfafkfgtfs sf jbstfg fg fstls pjl-zls fstìg klkhs phr cfghrfs rf-qubsbths kf ahtbzlabñg ahch alpb-

tlj f mbsthrblj kf jl fcprfsl y sh-

abhs fgtrf htrhs. Yhr htrh jlkh, jlaulgtãl kfj ̀ bglgablcbfgth cfkblgtf fcbsbñg kf laabhgfs fstì phsbtbvlcfgtf ahrrfjlabhglkl ahg fj prf-abh kf jhs cftljfs.

Fstl ljtfrgltbvl kf `bglgabl-cbfgth sf rfljbzl ofgfrljcfgtf fgjl ftlpl kf fxpjhrlabñg h fxpjhrl-abñg lvlgzlkl. Fg jl ehjsl kf [h-rhgth [Q]/[Q]P, fj 6<,1% kf jlsfcprfsls cbgfrls jbstlkls, sf fg-aufgtrlg fg jl ftlpl kf fxpjhrl-abñg y fj 1;,=% fg jl ftlpl kf fx-pjhrlabñg lvlgzlkl ([lejl 1).

Jl alpturl kf `bglgablcbfgthplrl jl cbgfrãl l gbvfj cugkblj, l

trlvâs kfj Cfralkh laabhglrbh fsjbkfrlkl phr jl ehjsl kf Alglkì[Q]/[Q]P. Fg fj lüh 59<< jfvlg-

tñ A$<5,6 ebjjhgfs y fg fj 59<5A$ <9,1 ebjjhgfs (VQ$ <5.0; eb-

jjhgfs y VQ$ <9.1< ebjjhgfs), su-pfrlgkh lcpjblcfgtf l htrls ehj-sls rfjfvlgtfs l gbvfj cugkblj ah-ch jl jhgkbgfgsf JQF/LBC, lus-

trljblgl LQ] y ghrtflcfrbalglGRQF (@bourl 0).

Yhr htrh jlkh, kfstlal fj lu-cfgth kfj ̀ bglgablcbfgth plrl fc-prfsls cbgfrls fg`halkls l jl fx-pjhrlabñg h prhkuaabñg kf aherf,plrtbabplgkh fg fj 59<5 ahg <?%kfj thtlj, kfskf =% fg fj 59<<.Jl pjltl tlcebâg kbh aufgtl kf ugbcphrtlgtf bgarfcfgth kfskf fj0% fg fj 59<< lj <;% fg fj 59<5.Fj hrh clgtuvh su plrtbabplabñg rf-jltbvlcfgtf fstlejf, 1=% fg fj59<5 y ;<% fg fj 59<< (@bourl ?).

L gbvfj kf jhaljbzlabñg, fj kfstb-gh kf jhs rfaurshs jfvlgtlkhs phr

fcprfsls cbgfrls fj 59<5 (VQ$<9,1< ebjjhgfs), Jltbghlcârbal kbhaufgtl kf VQ$ <,2 ebjjhgfs, alptu-rlgkh jls fcprfsls cbgfrls qufsf fg`halrlg fg Ambjf shjh VQ$

<50,<5 cbjjhgfs, <,5% kfj thtlj.Fj 59<5 sf hesfrvñ ugl ̀ ufrtfahgtrlaabñg fg jl algtbklk kf rf-aurshs alpturlkhs l trlvâs kfj cf-algbsch kf H`frtl Bgbablj kf Laabh-gfs (BYH), alyfgkh l VQ$ 06,; cb-jjhgfs fj 59<5 kfskf VQ$ <;;,=cbjjhgfs fj 59<< (-6;,=%). Lkf-cìs jl alpbtljbzlabñg eursìtbj alyñ`ufrtfcfgtf fj 59<5 l VQ$ <2,=ebjjhgfs kf VQ$ 5=,? fj 59<<.

Lgljbzlgkh jl elsf kf fcprf-sls cbgfrls nugbhrs jbstlkls fg jl[Q]P, ahgsbkfrlgkh quf âstls tbf-gfg ahch prbgabplj henftbvh jl fx-pjhrlabñg bgbablj sf pufkf hesfrvlrquf Alglkì kfstlal fg ̀ hrcl gh-

thrbl ahch plãs ahg clyhr gþcf-rh kf fcprfsls fxpjhrlgkh fxaju-sbvlcfgtf fg kbamh plãs (;<1) yahg fxpjhrlabhgfs fg htrhs plãsfs

lkfcìs kfj prhpbh (666). Ambjf klaufgtl kf sñjh ? y 5< fcprfslsrfspfatbvlcfgtf.

Yhr su plrtf, fj LBC (Ljtfrgltb- vf Bgvfstcfgt Clrdft) ̀ uf arflkhahch ljtfrgltbvl plrl jls fcprf-sls fcfrofgtfs quf gh ahtbzlg fgjl jbstl h`bablj kf jl Ehjsl kf Jhg-krfs (JQF). Jhs rfqubsbths kf bgorf-sh y hejbolabhgfs kf jls ahcplüãlsplrl jbstlrsf fg fstf cfralkh shgcfghrfs y tuvbfrhg fj henfth kfcfnhrlr fj laafsh kf jls ahcpl-üãls cìs pfqufüls lj `bglgabl-cbfgth laabhglrbh kfj pþejbah. FjLBC tbfgf ug râobcfg rfoujlkhrcfghs orlvhsh quf jl jbstl h`bablj.

Qf pufkf hesfrvlr jl bcphrtlgtf alãkl fg fj `bglgablcbfgthkf fcprfsls cbgfrls kurlgtf fj59<5, prbgabpljcfgtf nugbhrs , jbs-

tlkls fg fj sfathr LBC kf jl JQF.Fj sfgtbcbfgth gfoltbvh kf jhs bgvfrshrfs l jhs ahcchkbtbfs fj lühlgtfrbhr l`fatñ ̀ ufrtfcfgtf l jlsfcprfsls nugbhr .

;. QB[VLABÑG FG AMBJF

Jl luthrbklk, ahgsabfgtf kf jlsjbcbtlgtfs `bglgabfrls plrl fj kf-slrrhjjh kf jl fxpjhrlabñg cbgfrlfg Ambjf, bcpjfcfgtñ fj @hgkh @â-gbx phr cfkbh kf Ahr`h. Fg fstfprhorlcl, Ahr`h fgtrfol fj ̀ bglg-ablcbfgth fg jl ̀ hrcl kf ug arâkb-

th kf jlroh pjlzh l ̀ hgkhs kf bgvfr-sbñg, plrl quf âsths bgvbfrtlg fgfcprfsls nugbhr kfkbalkls l jl fx-pjhrlabñg y/h prhspfaabñg cbgfrlfg tfrrbthrbh glabhglj. Jhs ̀ hgkhskf bgvfrsbñg pufkfg hthrolr prâs-

tlchs l kbamls fcprfsls h ebfglphrtlr alpbtlj y lkqubrbr plrtbabpl-abhgfs plrabljfs h thtljfs kf jlscbscls.

Fj thtlj kfj ̀ hgkh ljalgzl l VQ$<65 cbjjhgfs, khgkf Ahr`h lphrtl-

rì ahch jãgfl kf arâkbth VQ$ 25cbjjhgfs, cbfgtrls jhs htrhs VQ$6= cbjjhgfs sfrìg lphrtlkhs phralpbtlj prbvlkh (jhs lphrtfs tbfgfgug rltbh kf 0<% phr plrtf kf AHU-@H y 12% phr fj sfathr prbvlkh).

L sfptbfcerf 59<5, jhs plrtbab-plgtfs kf fstf ̀ hgkh shg trfs Lk-cbgbstrlkhrls ahg trfs @hgkhs hpf-rlgkh. Qf mlg alpbtljbzlkh trfsfcprfsls phr ug chgth kf VQ$0.?05.65=.

6. AHGAJVQBHGFQ

Fj `bglgablcbfgth l jl fxpjhrl-abñg cbgfrl fs ug ̀ lathr ajlvf pl-rl fj kfslrrhjjh kf jl cbgfrãl, fgahgsbkfrlabñg quf fstl latbvbklkfs jl prbcfrl ftlpl fg jl alkfglkf vljhr kfj gfohabh cbgfrh. Fj kfs-

auerbcbfgth kf ug ylabcbfgth rfg- tlejf, kl fj bgbabh plrl ug prhyfathcbgfrh ahg ugl bcphrtlgtf bgvfr-sbñg vbgaujlkl l âj. Fs phr fjjh qufbgstrucfgths y cfalgbschs qufbgafgtbvfg jl plrtbabplabñg kf bgvfr-sbhgbstls plrl bgorfslr l fstf gf-ohabh pfrcbtbrì ug kfslrrhjjh shs-

tfgbkh kf jl cbgfrãl.Yhr htrh jlkh, ug plãs quf kl

aufgtl kf rfaurshs cbgfrhs, pfrhquf gh tbfgf ug cfralkh ̀ bglgabf-rh kfslrrhjjlkh y fspfabljbstl fgfj sfathr kf fxpjhrlabhgfs, jbcbtlfj phtfgablj kf arfabcbfgth kfjsfathr. Vg alsh fxbthsh kf bgtf-orlabñg kfj cfralkh kf alpbtljfsahg jl fxpjhrlabñg cbgfrl fs Al-glkì, plãs jãkfr fg fj ̀ bglgablcbfg-

th kf fcprfsls nugbhrs . Lkfcìs,kfstlal quf orlg plrtf kf jhs rf-

aurshs alpturlkhs plrl jl fxpjhrlabñg shg bgvfrtbkhs fg fj prhpbhAlglkì, ofgfrlgkh ug aãraujh vbr

tuhsh `bglgablcbfgth-bgvfrsbñg jhalj.

Fg fstf sfgtbkh aherlg bcphr

tlgabl jls fcprfsls nugbhrs , quf tbfgfg su ̀ hah prbgabplj fg jl fxpjhrlabñg. Vgl kf jls prbgabpljfs vãlskf ̀ bglgablcbfgth kf fstls fcprfsls fs jl fcbsbñg kf laabhgfskfstlalgkh jl Ehjsl kf [hrhgth([Q]/[Q]P), jl aulj phsff ug cfralkh fxajusbvh plrl fj alpbtlj kfrbfsoh ([Q] Pfgturf h [Q]P) y jlEhjsl kf Jhgkrfs tlcebâg kl aufg

tl kf ugl `bjblj kfkbalkl l jl bg vfrsbñg fg fcprfsls pfqufüls(LBC), jh aulj ̀ labjbtl fj bgorfsh kf

nugbhrs lj cfralkh eursìtbj.Lsbcbsch, kf `hrcl sbcbjlr l

`bglgablcbfgth kf jl orlg cbgfrãlmlg ahcfgzlkh l surobr ugl guf

vl ajlsf kf bgvfrshrfs fg jls ahcplüãls nugbhrs , prbgabpljcfgtf fcprfsls fstltljfs kf Ambgl, Ahrfl

y Nlpñg.

Fg fj 59<1 sf prhyfatlg cfghrfs tlsls kf `bglgablcbfgth yphr fgkf kf prfsupufsth kfstbglkh phr jls nugbhrs plrl fxpjhrlabñg. Jl rlzñg fs quf fj cfralkheursìtbj, ̀ ufgtf clyhrbtlrbl kf alp

turl kf rfaurshs plrl jl fxpjhrlabñg, sf fgaufgtrl kfprbcbkh phrugl clyhr lvfrsbñg lj rbfsoh kfjhs bgvfrsbhgbstls lj sfathr cbgfrh

y phr ugl alãkl ofgfrljbzlkl kf vljhr kf jhs cftljfs.

Jl luthrbklk ambjfgl, ahgsbkfrlgkh jls jbcbtlgtfs `bglgabfrls

y fj fsalsh kfslrrhjjh kf jl fxpjhrlabñg cbgfrl l trlvâs kf jls

nugbhrs , bcpjfcfgtñ fj @hgkh @âgbxphr cfkbh kf Ahr`h plrl quf fs

tls fcprfsls fxpjhrlkhrls pufklg `bglgablr sus latbvbklkfs fgfj plãs.


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<<5 Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Vg rfabfgtf rfphrtf kf

jl ahgsujthrl alglkbfg-sf Cftljs FahghcbasOrhup (CFO) lkvbfrtfquf jhs ahsths kf jl bg-kustrbl auprã`frl fstìgsuebfgkh mlstl gbvfjfsbgshstfgbejfs phr bg`junhkfj klübgh ahatfj ahgstb- tubkh phr rfoljãls, orl- vìcfgfs y kurls jfyfslcebfgtljfs, quf jhs oh-ebfrghs hejbolg l ”efefr‒l jls ahcplüãls cbgf-rls.

Qb l fjjh suclchs jlselnls jfyfs kf aherf qufjl cbgfrãl fxpjhtl kãl lkãl, fj rfsujtlkh fstì sfr-

vbkh> prhyfaths cìs ahsthshs kf ahgstrubr y ugb-klkfs cbgfrls cìs ahs- thsls kf hpfrlr.

‚Kf 599< l 59<5 jlsjfyfs kf alefzl prh-cfkbh fg jls ;? cbglskf aherf cìs bcphrtlgtfs kfj cugkh kfajbgl-rhg fg alsb 19%–, rf`bf-rf fj CFO.

Bgkbal, phgbfgkh fj prh-ejfcl fg ahgtfxth, quffstf kfajbvf fg jls jfyfsfs ahcplrtbkh tlcebâgphr jhs gufvhs prhyfathsauprã`frhs.

‚Qb lülkbchs jhs ahsths kf jl fgfroãl y fj mf-amh kf quf jhs gufvhskfpñsbths sf fgaufgtrlg alkl vfz l clyhr

Ahsths sf mlg trbpjbalkh fg jl þjtbcl kâalkl, kbaf fj CFO

[ULELQ LCEBFG[LJFQ R CLRHUFQ BCYVFQ[HQFGALUFAFG JHQ YUHRFA[HQ KF AHEUF

prh`ugkbklk y fg ìrfls

cìs rfchtls, gh shr-prfgkfrì quf jhs ahsthskf ahgstruaabñg kf gufvls cbgls mlyl arfabkhfg cìs kf <6% kfskf599=–, fxpjbal.

Lülkf quf jhs ahsthskf hpfrlabñg sf ml cìsquf trbpjbalkh fg jhs þjtb-chs kbfz lühs.

Lkfcìs kf fjjh, jlsahcplüãls tbfgfg qufmljjlr h lkqubrbr gufvlsrfsfrvls plrl rffcpjl-zlr jls yl cbglkls, ahgstrubr gufvls cbgls plrlrffcpjlzlr l jls lohtl-

kls, y rf`rfsalr ahgtb-gulcfgtf sus clqubgl-rbls y fqubphs.

‚Fj prhcfkbh thtlj kfahsths sf ml bgarfcfgtlkh kf VQ$ 9.?0/jberlfg 5991 l cìs kf VQ$1.19/jberl fg fj 59<5–,sfüljl.

Fg <22=-59<5 sf mlgkfsauebfrth <99 orlg-kfs kfpñsbths kf aherffg thkh fj cugkh, cìskf jl cbtlk kf jhs auljfsmlg sbkh mljjlkhs fg Jl- tbghlcârbal, plrtbaujlr-cfgtf fg Ambjf y Yfrþ,

fg fsf hrkfg.‚Qbg fcelroh, fs cìs

jh quf sf ml kfsauebfrth (126 cbjjhgfs kf th-gfjlkls fg rfaurshs) quf

jh quf sf ml cbglkh–, bg-kbal fj CFO.

Jl ahgsujthrl lamlalfstf pâsbch rfsujtlkh l`lathrfs tljfs ahch> rf-chtl uebalabñg ofhorì`b-al, bgsu`babfgabl kf bg`rl-fstruaturl), prhejfclsphjãtbahs, ljths ahsths kfalpbtlj y l htrls gfoltb-

vls ahgkbabhgfs kf cfr-alkh.

‚L jl `faml, sñjh uglkâabcl plrtf kfj aherfkfsauebfrth fg fsths<99 kfpñsbths sf mlahgvfrtbkh fg rfsfrvls, y shjh <6 kfpñsbths mlgfgtrlkh fg prhkuaabñg–,lahtl.

Ufaljal, `bgljcfgtf,quf jhs orlgkfs prhkuathrfs cbgfrhs gfafsbtlrìgrfphgfr, aulgkh cfghs,699,999 thgfjlkls kfaherf lguljfs alkl ugh,plrl clgtfgfr su prhkua-abñg fstlejf. R fjjh lucfg- tlrì jl prfsbñg plrl slalrlkfjlgtf cìs prhyfaths.

Fg jhs þjtbchs qubgaf lühs sf mlg kfsauebfrth abfg kfpñsbths kf aherf fg jhs abgah ahgtbgfgtfs, pfrh sñ- jh fj <6% ml sbkh pufsth fg prhkuaabñg. Fstl elnãsbcl tlsl kf âxbth hejbol l jhs prhkuathrfs cbgfrhs l rfkh- ejlr su fs`ufrzh fxpjhrlkhr. Qfoþg fstbclabhgfs kf Cftljs Fahghcbas Orhup, jl cbgfrãl kf aherf gfafsbtl- rì rfphgfr lguljcfgtf ugls 699,999 thgfjlkls kfj cftlj rhnh plrl clgtfgfr fstlejf su ̀ junh kf prhkuaabñg.



<<; Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

F]QL, jl fcprfsl pfrulgl jãkfr fg jl h`frtl kf shju-abhgfs fg `rlocfgtlabñg kf rhal plrl jls bgkustrbls kfcbgfrãl f bg`rlfstruaturl, ahg`brcl su plrtbabplabñg fgjl ̀ frbl YFUVCBG, jl cìs bcphrtlgtf pjltl`hrcl kf gf-ohabhs plrl jl cbgfrãl l gbvfj glabhglj, jl aulj tfgkrì ju-olr kfj <0 lj 59 kf sftbfcerf fg jl abuklk kf Lrfqubpl.

Kfgtrh kf su prhorlcl, F]QL bgvbtl l thkhs l qufkfsauerlg ugl fvhjuabñg cìs fg su ̀ hrcl kf latulr fgfj cfralkh y fj phr quâ sbouf sbfgkh fj jãkfr fg jl bgkustrbl.

Kfj cbsch chkh, F]QL h`rfaf chstrlr l jhs lsbstfgtfs lj YFUVCBG su gufvl vbsbñg fg jhs gfohabhs kf cb-gfrãl, bg`rlfstruaturl y ahgstruaabñg, ahg ug stlgk bggh- vlkhr y rfsljtlgkh jl tfcìtbal kf sus shjuabhgfs ahrph-rltbvls.

F]QL fstì hrbfgtlkh l sfr fj cfnhr ljblkh plrl susajbfgtfs, ahghabfgkh y fgtfgkbfgkh alkl vfz cìs susgfohabhs plrl lyuklrjhs l fg`rfgtlrsf fg sus gufvhskfsl`ãhs.

Pbsbtl l F]QL fg jl `frbl YFUVCBG, kfj <0 lj 59 kfsftbfcerf fg fj stlgk G¹ 11-10.

Ahch plrtf kf su pjlg fs- trltâobah kf kfslrrhjjh y ahgfj henftbvh kf sfoubr jbkfrlg-kh fj cfralkh sbkfrþrobah

kfj Yfrþ, Ahrphrlabñg Laf-rhs Lrfqubpl Q.L., ahgajuyñjl lcpjblabñg kf su sfougklpjlgtl kf Jlcbglabñg fg Ybs-ah, trls ahgajubr jl ahgstrua-abñg kfj gufvh trfg jlcbglkhrquf pfrcbtf quf jl fcprfslljalgaf ugl prhkuaabñg thtljkf <‒169,999 thgfjlkls lgul-jfs kf prhkuath tfrcbglkh lgbvfj ahrphrltbvh.

Jl bgvfrsbñg plrl jl ahgs- truaabñg kf fstf prhyfath ls-afgkbñ l VQ$ <;6 cbjjhgfs kfkñjlrfs fg tfaghjhoãl kf þjtb-cl ofgfrlabñg quf pfrcbtbrìlahcplülr fj kfslrrhjjh kf jhscfralkhs kf Ahgstruaabñg, Cb-gfrãl y Clgu`laturl, sbtulgkhl fstl pjlgtl ahch jl cìs ch-kfrgl kf Quklcârbal.

‚Jl lpufstl kf Lafrhs Lrfqubpl phr fj Yfrþ fs pfr-clgfgtf. Jl bgluourlabñg kffstl gufvl pjlgtl kf jlcbgl-abñg fg Ybsah fs ug plsh cìskfgtrh kf gufstrh pjlg kf bg-ghvlabñg y kfslrrhjjh ahgtb-guh, lsfourlgkh lsã jl ltfg-abñg kf jl kfclgkl tlgth kfjcfralkh glabhglj ahch bgtfr-glabhglj ahg gbvfjfs kf fxaf-jfgabl fg sfrvbabh y kf ahgtrhjkf aljbklk fg jhs prhkuaths–,fxprfsñ Ubalrkh Abjjhgbz, Yrf-sbkfgtf Fnfautbvh kf Ahrphrl-

abñg Lafrhs Lrfqubpl.Ylrl jl ahgstruaabñg kf fstf bcphrtlgtf prhyfath, quf ku-pjbal jl alplabklk kf jlcb-glabñg kf jl pjlgtl, sf rfqub-rbñ jl ahjlehrlabñg kf cìs kf<,999 pfrshgls fg latbvbkl-kfs kf ahgstruaabñg abvbj, fqub-plcbfgth y fg chgtlnfs fjfa-

trhcfaìgbahs y fjfatrñgbahs of-gfrlgkh lsã hphrtugbklkfs kf

trlelnh, pfrclgfgtfs y tfc-phrljfs.

Alef rfsljtlr quf fstl sf-ougkl jãgfl kf jlcbglabñg aufg-

tl ahg ugl chkfrgl pjlgtl kf trltlcbfgth kf loul fg jl qufsf bgvbrtbñ VQ $ = cbjjhgfs kfkñjlrfs, plrl lsfourlr fj ushrlabhglj y f`babfgtf kf fstf rf-aursh y lyuklr l prfsfrvlr fjcfkbh lcebfgtf.

Jl pjlgtl sf lsbfgtl sherfug tfrrfgh kf 5=,999 c5. yaufgtl ahg khs glvfs bgkus-

trbljfs4 jl prbcfrl quf ljefroljhs fqubphs kfj trfg jlcbglkhr(prhkuaabñg), y jl sfougkl lj-efrol jl zhgl kf alrol kf pl-jlgqubjjl y kf fvlaulabñg kf pl-

quftfs. Lkfcìs, tbfgf ugìrfl kf 0,<99 c5 plrl ljcl-afglnf kf prhkuaths tfrcbgl-khs.

Jl chkfrgl lrqubtfaturlkf jhs fkb`babhs, kbsfülkl plrlrfsbstbr chvbcbfgths sãscbahskf orlg bgtfgsbklk, y jl kbsph-sbabñg kf jhs fqubphs fg pjlgtlpfrcbtfg ugl hpfrlabñg f`b-abfgtf y sfourl, lsã ahch rf-kuabr lj cãgbch jl prhelebjbklkkf laabkfgtfs kfj pfrshglj kfhpfrlabñg.

Ahch sf slef, Lafrhs

Ubalrkh Abjjñgbz, Yrfsbkfgtf Fnfautbvh kf Lafrhs Lrfqubpl, sljukñ jl vbsbtl Cbgbstrl kf jl Yrhkuaabñg, Ojlkys [rbvfüh y jf chstrñ jl pjlgtl pfrshgljcfgtf,quf aufgtl ahg ug tfrrfgh kf 5=,999 c5. y sf ahg`hrcl kf khs glvfs bgkustrbljfs.

AHUYHULABÑG LAFUHQ LUF\VBYL AHGAJVRÑ LCYJBLABÑGKF QV QFOVGKL YJLG[L KF JLCBGLABÑG FG YBQAH

Bgvfrsbñg kf VQ$ <;6 cbjjhgfs fg prhyfath, jf sbogb`balrì khejlr su prhkuaabñg fg cìs kf ug cbjjñg kf thgfjlklslguljfs kf prhkuath tfrcbglkh. Afrfchgbl fstuvh prfsbkbkl phr Cbgbstrl kf jl Yrhkuaabñg, Ojlkys [rbvfüh y fjYrfsbkfgtf Fnfautbvh kf Lafrhs Lrfqubpl, Bgo. Ubalrkh Abjjñgbz.

Lrfqubpl vbfgf bgvbrtbfgkh shstfgbklcfgtf fg fj kfslrrhjjhkf sbstfcls lvlgzlkhs kf ofs-

tbñg, mlebfgkh hetfgbkh rfabfg- tfcfgtf jls rfafrtb`balabhgfsplrl jls Ghrcls Bgtfrglabh-gljfs BQH <;99< (Qbstfcl kfOfstbñg Lcebfgtlj), HMQLQ<=99< (Qbstfcl kf Ofstbñgkf Qfourbklk y Qljuk Haupl-abhglj), f BQH 299< (Qbstfclkf Ofstbñg kf Aljbklk), jlsauljfs sf suclg l su Yrh-orlcl kf Lkfaulabñg y Cl-gfnh Lcebfgtlj (YLCL).

F]QL prfsfgtf fg

YFUVCBG


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Ulgdbgo cugkblj kf jls prbgabpljfs ahcplüãls prhkuathrls kf aherf, hrh, pjltl

PHJALG, EVFGLPFG[VUL R MHAMQAMBJK KFQ[LALG FG YUHKVAABÑG KF YJL[L

Ulgdbgo Ahcplüãl Ylãs Yrfsbkfgtf kfj Kbrfathrbh Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj (AFH) Yrhkuaabñg 59<5 (fg hgzls)

<¾ DOMC Yhjsdl Cbfkz Yhjhgbl Ljfdslgkrl Mfrefrt _brtm ;<‒999,999Clolazfwsdl

5¾ EMY Ebjbthg Lustrljbl Nlaqufs Glssfr Lgkrfw Cladfgzbf 12‒999,999

1¾ @rfsgbjjh Yja Câxbah Ljefrth Elbjjârfs Hatlvbh Ljvãkrfz 10‒299,999

;¾ Ohjkahrp Bga. Alglkì Blg [fj`fr Amlrjfs Nflggfs 19‒699,999

6¾ NQA Yhjycftlj Uusbl Pbtljy Gfsbs Eheey Ohksfjj 50‒699,999

0¾ Ylg Lcfrbalg Qbjvfr Ahrp. Alglkì Uhss N. Eflty Ofh`` Eurgs 56‒<99,999

?¾ Aãl. Cbgfrl Phjalg (<) Yfrþ Nhsâ Ybalssh Nulg Nhsâ Mfrrfrl 55‒999,999

=¾ Aãl. kf Cbgls Eufglvfgturl (5) Yfrþ Uhquf Efglvbkfs Uhquf Efglvbkfs <=‒199,999

2¾ Ahfur k‒Ljfgf Cbgfs Ahrp. VQL Cbtamfjj N. Drfes Uhefrt F. Cfjjhr <=‒999,999

<9¾ Qhutmfrg Ahppfr Ahrp. Câxbah Ofrcìg Jlrrfl Hsalr Ohgzìjfz U. <1‒099,999

<<¾ Mhamsambjk Cbgbgo (1) Yfrþ Fkulrkh Mhamsambjk Boglabh Eustlclgtf <1‒099,999

<5¾ Qucbthch Ahrp. Nlpñg Dhzuh Hmchrb Dugbmlru Gldlcurl <1‒999,999

(<) Jl prhkuaabñg kf pjltl kf Phjalg lucfgtñ kf 5<.< cbjjhgfs l 55 cbjjhgfs kf hgzls fgtrf 59<< y 59<5.(5) Eufglvfgturl tlcebâg bgarfcfgtñ su prhkuaabñg kf pjltl, kf <6.1 cbjjhgfs l <=.1 cbjjhgfs kf hgzls.(1) Fg fj alsh kf Mhamsambjk, mueh ugl alãkl fg su prhkuaabñg lrofgtã f̀rl, kf <6 l <1.0 cbjjhgfs kf hgzls.





<5<

Kftfrcbglr jl phsbabñg kf ug henfth, ugl pfr-l, ug vfmãaujh h ugl glvf fg auljqubfr plrtfcugkh, ahg jl cìxbcl prfabsbñg phsbejf, yclgfrl sbcpjf y luthcltbzlkl shg gfafsbkl-s quf pjlgtflg jhs gufvhs fsafglrbhs latul-

Ylrl supjbr fsl kfclgkl, Q_BQQ-AHUY, rf-sfgtlgtf h`bablj kf Olrcbg fg fj Yfrþ, lgug-fj cìs bgtfrfslgtf bgorfsh l su olcl kf gl-lkhrfs OYQ kf clgh, fj gufvh Chgtfrrl.

Ahg fj jlgzlcbfgth kf fstf chkfrgh fqubph,`usbhglg jl utbjbklk kfj trlkbabhglj fqubph kftfcl kf phsbabhglcbfgth ojhelj kf Olrcbg jl vfrsltbjbklk kfj sbstfcl hpfrltbvh Lgkrhbk,

fcìs kf ugl thtlj ahgfatbvbklk bgljìcerbalabls l sus alplabklkfs _b@b, Ejufthhtm,[+* y G@A*.

Olrcbg h`rfaf bgarfãejfs phsbebjbklkfs kf pfr-

ljbzlabñg orlabls l jls kbvfrsls lpjbalabhgfsOhhojf Yjly, alplafs kf arflr ug fgthrghah y prhpbh plrl alkl ugh kf jhs pfr`bjfs kf kbstbgths usulrbhs, quf hthrolg ugl vfrkl-l fxpfrbfgabl QclrtOYQ.

Fgtrf ljougls kf jls fspfab`balabhgfs cìs bc-tlgtfs, fj Olrcbg tbfgf ugls kbcfgsbhgfs?.;= x <;.20 x 1.01 ac4 ug tlclüh kf plg-l kf 6.90 x =.21 ac)4 ;– kblo (<9.5 ac).fcìs, aufgtl ahg ugl rfshjuabñg kf plgtljjl_xM 5?5 x ;=9 pbxfjs y ug pfsh kf 11< orl-s ahg jls eltfrãls bñg jbtbh kf sfrbf. Lsbcbsch,g`hrcñ quf jl kurlabñg hpfrltbvl fs kf mlstlmhrls ahg pbjls kf sfrbf, y mlstl 55 ahg pb-LL.

Efgf`babhs kf prbcfrl

Fj Chgtfrrl ml sbkh kbsfülkh plrl sfr uglrlcbfgtl ahg`blejf kf alcph. Fstì prfplrl-plrl supfrlr jls ahgkbabhgfs cìs lkvfrslsch ahefrturl kf guefs, fspfsls ahpls kfhjfs h fj trlelnh fg jl prh`ugkbklk kf jhs al-

gfs. Orlabls l ugl alralsl sñjbkl, bcphrtlg-alplabklk bcpfrcflejf (BYx?), plgtljjl kfstlj cbgfrlj y ug rfafpthr ahcpltbejf ahgPQ[LU y OJHGLQQ, sf lsfourl ugl prfab-g y fstlebjbklk kf sfülj OYQ bgcfnhrlejfs.

Fsh gh fs thkh. Fstf chkfrgh fqubph erbgklsulrbh ug ahcpìs fjfatrñgbah ahcpfgslkhtrfs fnfs quf clgtbfgf sbfcprf fj ruceh,g sfgshr elrhcâtrbah quf cbkf jl prfsbñg

chs`ârbal lyuklgkh l prfvfgbr alcebhs kfcl y ̀ labjbtlgkh ug prfabsh ljtãcftrh elrhcâ-h, cuy þtbj fg auljqubfr sbtulabñg khgkf sf

sff mlafr ug ahgtrhj kf ljturls h kfsgbvfjfs.

gajuyf tlcebâg ug sfgshr kf rlkblabñg VP pfrcbtf clgtfgfr ug ahgtrhj sherf jl fxph-ñg shjlr. Vgl aìclrl kbobtlj bgtforlkl qufcbtf thclr ̀ hths ofhrf`frfgablkls kf mlstl

Cfol Yãxfjfs y vbkfh fg MK kf mlstl <9=9p, jhs quf phkrìg pfrfggbzlr sus fxpfrbfg-

s.

Cìs bg`hrclabñg

Fstl tfaghjhoãl trlf ahgsboh clpls O-CLYUV AbtyQfjfat, quf bgajuyf kftljjfs urelghscìs kf <59 abuklkfs kf thkh fj Yfrþ ys kf <59,999 pugths kf bgtfrâs tljfs ahchahs, rfstlurlgtfs, afgtrhs ahcfrabljfs, fg-htrhs. Yhr þjtbch, fj gufvhChgtfrrl vbfgfbplkh ahg fj O-CLY YFUV [hph <99d KFC,ulj h`rfaf klths thphorì`bahs fg thkh fj tf-hrbh glabhglj ahg alplabklk plrl rfprfsfg-

bcìofgfs fg 1K, ahg jhs quf sbfcprf ph-g hrbfgtlrsf, yl sfl fg jh bgtrbgalkh kf jlsklkfs ahch fg jh cìs lorfstf y rfañgkbthgufstrh tfrrbthrbh.

Lvlgzlkl tfaghjhoãl y jl clyhr fxpfrbfgabl QclrtOYQsf ahgafgtrlg fg fj gufvh Chgtfrrl

ufvh glvfolkhr OYQ kf Olrcbg prhcftf sfr fj prf`frbkh kf jhs fxpjhrlkhrfs yrh`fsbhgljfs quf rfljbzlg latbvbklkfs lj lbrf jberf. H`rfaf lcpjbls hpabhgfs plrlfrshgljbzlr su kbsphsbtbvh kf clgfrl quf âstf sf lklptf l jl pfr`faabñg l susfafsbklkfs y fxbofgabls. Orlabls l jl ahgfxbñg _b-@b y sbstfcl hpfrltbvh Lgkrhbk,hgtfrrl rfprfsfgtl jl gufvl ofgfrlabñg kf glvfolkhrfs kf hutkhhr.



VEBALABÑG

Fj ìrfl kfj prhspfath cbgfrh Pbr-

ofg kf Ljtl Orlabl sf fcpjlzl fg jlzhgl sur y haabkfgtlj kf jl AhrkbjjfrlGforl kfj Aljjfnñg kf Mulyjls kfskfjhs 1,199 csgc mlstl jhs ;.?99csgc fg fj ìrfl quf pfrtfgfaf ljkbstrbth y prhvbgabl kf Harhs, kfj kf-plrtlcfgth kf Lgalsm y fg jl zhglkfghcbglkl Muljjla - A¾ Cbgl Pbfnl,auyh krfglnf prbgabplj fs phr jl \uf-erlkl Muljjla mlabl fj rãh Amhgtl phrsu clrofg kfrfaml.

Fj prhspfath cbgfrh Pbrofg kf LjtlOrlabl sf uebal fg fj `jlgah fstf kfjl \uferlkl Muljjla quf ahrrfsphgkfl jl vfrtbfgtf hfstf kfj Afrrh Cbgl Pbfnl kf jl prhvbgabl kf Harhs kfj kf-plrtlcfgth kf Lgalsm. Qus l`jhrl-cbfgths cbgfrljbzlkhs sf uebalg fgtrf jls ahtls 1 699 y ; ?99 csgc.

YUHYBFKLKFQ R YUHYBF[LUBHFj prhyfath ahcprfgkf 6 ahgaf-

sbhgfs tbtujlkls jhs quf suclg 5,999Mls, sbfgkh tbtujlr jl Fcprfsl AHG-QHUABH KFJ\VBG y LJO Q.L.A.

Fj prhyfath vbrofg kf Ljtl Orlablfstì bgtforlkh phr jls sboubfgtfs ahg-afsbhgfs Cbgfrls>

Ahgafsbñg Cbgfrl Pbrofg kf LjtlOrlabl, ahg añkboh G¹9<-9<;<5-95kf 599 mfatìrfls (<)

Ahgafsbñg Cbgfrl Pbrofg kf LjtlOrlabl Yrbcfrl, ahg añkboh G¹9<-9<<;6-91 kf =99 mfatìrfls (5)

Ahgafsbñg Cbgfrl Pbrofg kf LjtlOrlabl Qfougkl kf añkboh 9<-915?<-9? kf 599 mfatìrfls (1)

Ahgafsbñg Cbgfrl Pbrofg kf LjtlOrlabl [frafrl kf añkboh 9<-915?5-9? kf 599 mfatìrfls (;)

Ahgafsbñg Cbgfrl Pbrofg kf LjtlOrlabl aulrtl kf añkboh 659990;-92 kf 099 mfatìrfls (6). Mlabfgkhug thtlj kf 5,999 MFA[ÌUFLQ.

LAAFQH R LAAFQBEBJBKLKJl prbgabplj vãl kf laafsh fs jl al-

rrftfrl Ylglcfrbalgl Ghrtf, quf pl-sl phr jhs pufejhs kf Yltbvbjal, Ahgh-ahaml, kfsvãh l Harhs ahch sbouf>q Jbcl-Yltbvbjal (Ylglcfrbalgl Ghr-

tf dc 59?), alrrftfrl ls`ljtlkl(59?dc, fg 1 mhrls).

q Yltbvbjal - kfsvãh lj GF mlstl Ahgh-ahaml, Alrrftfrl ls`ljtlkl (<69dc, 1 mhrls).

q Ahghahaml - kfsvãh lj sur mlstl fjYrhspfath Muljjla, alrrftfrl l`br-clkl (50 dc, < mhrl).[htlj …… 1=1dc …… (? mhrls)Htrl phsbejf rutl fs>Jbcl - Yltbvbjal (alrrftfrl ls`ljtl-

kl) - Harhs - Yrhspfath Muljjla (Alrrf- tfrl l`brclkl), ahg ug rfahrrbkh kf1=2 dc fg lprhxbclklcfgtf = mhrlskf vblnf fg alcbhgftl.

OFHJHOÃL

@bsbhorì`balcfgtf ghs mljjlchs fgjl vfrtbfgtf hfstf kf jl Ahrkbjjfrl Gf-orl quf fs plrtf kf jl Ahrkbjjfrl Haab-kfgtlj. Fj prhspfath sf uebal kfgtrh

F]AFJFG[F HYHU[VGBKLK KF BGPFUQBÑG YLULKFQLUUHJJH R F]YJH[LABÑG (YUHQYFA[H-CBGFUH)

RLABCBFG[H CBGFUH PBUOFG KF LJ[L OULABL (Lo, Ye, ^g, Au y Lu) R YHQBEJF YÑU@BKH (Au-Ch-Lu) (Harhs- Lgalam)

Fstukbh prfjbcbglr rfljbzlkh phr jhs Bgos.> Yfkrh Muoh [ucbljìg Kf jl Aruz, Nulg Uhkrãoufz Obrljkfs, Nhrof Mulymul Uhnls, kf jlVgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj kf Bgofgbfrãl, kf jl Vgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj Clyhr kf Qlg Clrahs y kf jl Vgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj kf Bgofgbfrãl

kf jhs vljjfs ojlablrfs kf Muljjla yJuacl. Jls vftls Qlgtl Uhsl y QlgthKhcbgoh l`jhrlg fg ug lgtbouh abrah

ojlablr, afralghs kf jl kbvbshrbl fxbstfg htrhs abrahs ojlablrfs.Fstrltborì`balcfgtf fj prhspfath

sf uebal fg jl @rlgnl Phjaìgbal Afgh-zhbal kfj Yfrþ, ahg jl @hrclabñg Aljb-puy kfj Yljfñofgh supfrbhr - Gfñofghbg`frbhr, kf ahcphsbabñg clyhrcfgtflgkfsãtbal.

Jhs vhjaìgbahs rf`frbkhs ̀ufrhg bgs- trubkhs mlabl fj sur phr ug sthad kfchgzhorlgbth y phr jl plrtf ghrtf phrug sthad kf orlghkbhrbtl, lcehs kfj Yl-jfñofgh - Gfñofgh phstfrbhrfs l jhs vhj-aìgbahs rf`frbkhs (BGOFCCF[ <220).

Yhr f`fath kf jl ojlablabñg jls plrtfs ljtls prìatbalcfgtf gh tbfgf cltfrblj Aultfrglrbh y sfkbcfgths gh jbtb-`balkhs ahch chrrfgls, sufjhs ̀ juvbl-jfs y ahjuvbljfs, sf fcpjlzlg fg jls plrtfs elnls kf jhs afrrhs y ̀hgkh kf jhs vljjfs kfj Aultfrglrbh rfabfgtf.

Fstruaturljcfgtf kf clgfrl kbs-

trbtlj fj prhspfath Pbrofg kf Ljtl Orl-abl sf fcpjlzl kfgtrh kf jl aljkfrlMuljjla (<0 dc phr <6 dc), ahgtrhjl-kh phr jls ̀ ljjls quferlkl Amhgtl kfruceh GF-QH y su `ljjl tfgsbhglj quf-erlkl Muljjla, lcehs kbsfatlkhs phrkhs `ljjls kf ruceh GGH quferlklYualylau y afrrh Yhrtlamufjh, lj hfstf ugl ̀ljjl kf ruceh GGH (jlougl quf-erlkl Clqub). Jls kbcfgsbhgfs kfj kbì-cftrh kf jl aljkfrl fs kf <0 dc phr<6 dc y fj prhspfath Pbrofg kf LjtlOrlabl sf fcpjlzl fg jl plrtf afgtrljkf jl aljkfrl.

Ufobhgljcfgtf jls vftls kf rucehG=9¾-?9¾ H phkrãlg sfr ̀ rlaturls tfg-sbhgljfs kf jl `ljjl jlougl quferlklClqub (bclofg sftfjbtlj ìrfl kf Amb-qubìg 5<-b elgkls ?, ;, 5).

Jl prhvbgabl cftljhoâgbal fs phjb-cftìjbal kf ljtl tfcpfrlturl kf Au,Ch4 kf cfkblgl tfcpfrlturl kf ^g,

Ye y kf elnl tfcpfrlturl kf Lu y Lo.Jufoh fj prhspfath Pbrofg kf Ljtl Orl-abl sf uebal kfgtrh kf fstl prhvbgablcftljhoâgbal.

Yhkfchs ahgsbkfrlr fg jl prhvbg-abl cftljhoâgbal kf Harhs afgtrhs kf

cbgfrljbzlabñg kf ljtl tfcpfrlturl ah-ch fg Jjbpl (Au), \ubclgahaml (Ch)rhkflkl phr zhgls kf cfghr tfcpf-

rlturl mbkrhtfrcljfs ahch Lzujcbgl(Lu) y prhspfath Pbrofg kf Ljtl Orlabl(phjbcftìjbah).

2.<.- Fstruaturls ̀ bjhgflgls kf Lo-^g-Ye-Au-Lu

Lplrfgtl sfr ug kbquf lgkfsãtbahauyls alnls fstìg cbgfrljbzlkls, lsãjh kfcufstrls jls khs vftls ahg trl-elnhs lgtbouhs kfskf jl kâalkl kfj69, ahg jlehrfs alsb supfr`babljfs>

2.<.< PF[L QLG[L UHQL Kf 2=9 c. kf pfrsbstfgabl mhrb-

zhgtlj, ahg <.19 c.kf orhshr y rucehG?<¾H/?<¾-=5¾GF

2.<.<.< Cbgfrljhoãl kf jl PftlQlgtl Uhsl

Jl vftl QLG[L UHQL, quf fs jlkf clyhr jhgobtuk (2=9 c) y kb`frfg-abl kf ahtls kfj l`jhrlcbfgth (<=9 c)

(pugth << - lj pugth <?) ml sbkh altfl-kh y ahg fxpjhtlabñg bgabpbfgtf fg jhspugths <<, <;, ; y <?( Yjlgh 6), ahgjl sboubfgtf cbgfrljhoãl> psbjhcfjlgh,jbchgbtl, ohssjlrbtl, pbrbtl, fs`ljfrbtl,oljfgl.

L ahtl cfghr fg fj pugth <? clyhr prfsfgabl kf jbchgbtl, kbscbguyffj psbjhcfjlgh rfspfath l jls ahtls su-pfrbhrfs, pugths <<, <; y ;.q Yhr jl prfsfgabl kfj psbjhcfjlgh

jl vftl QLG[L UHQL ahgtbfgf vljh-rfs kf pjltl.

q Jl prfsfgabl kf jl ohssjlrbtl(QH;^g,M5H) ghs bgkbal cbgfrljfskf fs`ljfrbtl.Fg supfr`babf gh sf hesfrvl suj`u-

rhs clsbvhs u hxbklabñg clsbvl, prf-sfgabl kf vftbjjls kf 9.< c - 9.1 ckf lgamh ahg cbgfrljbzlabñg kf suj`u-rhs y ñxbkhs, fgtrf jls vftbjjls kbsfcb-glabñg kf pbrbtl. Jl cbgfrljbzlabñg gh

fs pfrsbstfgtf mhrbzhgtljcfgtf. Cl- yhrfs klths plrl jl bgtfrprftlabñg jh tfgkrfchs fg fj prñxbch fstukbh kfalcph quf sf tbfgf pjlgb`balkh.

Jl vftl Qlgtl Uhsl tbfgf fstruatu-rls tfgsbhgljfs QLG[L CÑGBAL R QLG

Lu 3 9.91 ‑ 1.06 or/[C^g 3 9.<< - 51.6 %Ye 3 9.92 ‑ <5.6 %Au 3 9.<9 ‑ <.<; %

2.<.5.< Cbgfrljhoãl kf jl PftlQlgth Khcbgoh

Fg fj pugth <5 pbrbtl y fg fxtrfch(pugth <0) jbchgbtl.

Jl cbgfrljbzlabñg fs cfghs pfr-sbstfgtf quf fg jl vftl QLG[L UHQL y fstì cfghs prhspfatlkh.

2.5 YHQBEJF YÑU@BKH(Au-Ch-Lu)

Kf jh fxpufsth phr BGOFCCF[<220, ahg rfspfath lj Yñr`bkh (Au-Ch-Ye) y phr jhs sustfgths rfljbzlkhs phr

Yjlgh kf uebalabñg rfobhglj y jhalj, Yrhspfath Muljjla (Harhs-Lgalsm).

NFUÑGBCH ahg prfsfgabl kf jbchgbtl,psbjhcfjlgh, ohssjlrbtl y pbrbtl. Qhg vftls tfgsbñgljfs kf jl vftl Qlgtl Uh-sl, shg lrofgtã`frls y phjbcftìjbal.

2.<.5 PF[L QLG[H KHCBGOHKf =<6 c. kf l`jhrlcbfgth, ahg

lgamh h phtfgabl kf <.=9 l ;.19 c,kf ruceh G?9¾H/??¾-=?¾QH, ahgcufstrfhs gh sbstfcìtbahs fg lcehs vftls, jlehrfs suetfrrìgfls bgugkl-khs plrabljcfgtf laafsbejfs y kf su-pfr`babf kf clgfrl pugtulj, ahg jhs sb-oubfgtfs vljhrfs>

Lo 3 << - ;516.59 or/[C (<10 Hz/ tc)

Ylrl ahgtlath f bg`hrclabñg> Ahcugbalrsf ahg fj Qr. Alrjhs Kfjolkh \ubgtfrhs[fjâ`hgh> 5?<-=?00 - UYA> 2=0056=01 - Ahrrfh fjfatrñgbah> ackqX96Imhtclbj.ahc - fjcudy?5Iylmhh.fs

fj susarbth fg jl plrtf ofhquãcbal, suobfrf altljholr lj prhyfath Pbrofg kfLjtl Orlabl ahch ug sbstfcl YÑU@KH (Au-Ch-Lu), jls vftls sfrãlg clg

`fstlabhgfs ahcpjfcfgtlrbls kf fstfsbstfcl, pfrh ahch pujslabhgfs phs tfrbhrfs y phr supufsth ahg supfrphsabñg kf `jubkhs mbkrhtfrcljfs, pukbfgkh sfr fj þjtbch kf alrìatfr fpbtfrcl y ahg ljths vljhrfs fg ahgtfgbkh kfpjltl, zbga, pjhch, lsã fstì kfchstrlkh fg jls 5 vftls prbgabpljfs yl kfsar tls y auyl prhyfaabñg fsplablj lprhxclkl fg 5K,sf lprfabl fg fj chkfjhahgafptulj pjlgtflkh phr fj susarbthkf boulj chkh fg fjjl sf pufkf lprfablr ugl bgtfrprftlabñg kf jl prhyfaabñg kfj phsbejf pñr`bkh (Au-Ch-Lu).





<51

hcfgtlr fj vãgaujh fcprfsl-ugbvfr-

k, lsã ahch chkfrgbzlr fj aurrãaujhaufrkh l jls fxbofgabls chkfrgls,ls prbgabpljfs cftls kfj j̀lclgtf Kb-hr kf jl Fsaufjl Lalkâcbal Yrh`fsbh-FLY) kf Cftljurobl kf jl Vgbvfrsbklkhr kf Qlg Clrahs, fj bgofgbfrh Nhr-

Pfgthsbjjl Qmlw.Yrh`fsbhglj kfstlalkh ahg cìs kf 59s kf fxpfrbfgabl fg jl khafgabl ugbvfr-bl, fj bgofgbfrh slgclrqubgh sf mlrìh kf jl ofstbñg 59<1-59<0. Jh lahc-lrìg fg fstl tlrfl jhs bgofgbfrhs Hs-h Ohgzìjfs y Qñsbch @frgìgkfz, ah-Ahhrkbglkhr kfj Kfplrtlcfgth Lal-bah y Qfarftlrbh kf jl Kbrfaabñg, rfs-bvlcfgtf.Vg rfth bcphrtlgtf fs bgsfrtlrghsugkh fcprfslrblj. Fg auljqubfr plr-fj cugkh fstf fs ug ̀ lathr bgmfrfg-sbg fcelroh, fg gufstrh plãs sf mlaubklkh fsl rfjlabñg–, sfüljñ. Lorf-

uf jhs fcprfslrbhs tbfgfg bgtfrâs fgugkh lalkâcbah, y quf jl ugbvfrsbklkfprfsfgtl ugl ljtfrgltbvl plrl jl bg-bolabñg y fj kfslrrhjjh kf prhyfaths.ugklkl phr fj Bgo. Oubjjfrch [lgtl-, jl FLY aufgtl ahg cìs kf ;9 lühs

clgkh l jhs bgofgbfrhs cftljurobstlsplãs. ‚Qbg juolr l fqubvhalrcf, sh-jl fsaufjl ahg fj cfnhr fqubplcbfg-

lrl fj bgofgbfrh cftljþrobah. Ahgtl- ahg jlehrlthrbhs fg eltam fxtrla-prfplrlabñg cfaìgbal, kf shjklku-bxbvblabñg, fxtrlaabñg phr shjvfgtf.cbsch, h`rfafchs l gufstrhs fstu-tfs ugl pjlgtl chkfjh NBAL, pjlgtlh kf trlelnh ahgtbguh, fgtrf htrhs–,b`fstñ.

Lsbcbsch, rfaljañ quf sf fgaufgtrlgplsh kf sfr jl prbcfrl Fsaufjl kf Bg-frãl fg hetfgfr jl larfkbtlabñg lgtfhgsfnh kf Fvljulabñg, Larfkbtlabñg y

b`balabñg kf jl Aljbklk kf jl Fkual-Qupfrbhr Vgbvfrsbtlrbl (AHGFLV ).

FPFG[HQ BCYHU[LG[FQ

Elnh jl gufvl ofstbñg, jl Fsaufjl kfljurobl prfplrl khs orlgkfs fvfgths ghvbfcerf. Jl prbcfrl sfclgl kfcfs mhgrlrì ahg fj tãtujh kf Khathrhrbs Alusl lj rfghcerlkh bgofgbfrhljurobstl @ltmb Mlelsmb. Yhr htrh jl-kfj <= lj 51 kf sftbfcerf rfljbzlrìgsfrbf kf fvfgths bgstbtuabhgljfs ahgvh kf jl afjferlabñg kf su lgbvfrsl-

Bgofgbfrh Nhrof Pfgthsbjjl fs fj gufvhbrfathr kf jl Fsaufjl Lalkâcbal Yrh`fsbhglj

kf Cftljurobl kf Qlg Clrahsfsfcpfülrì jl `ugabñg phr fj pfrãhkh 59<1-59<0. Qhstuvh quflelnlrì plrl lafralr jl ugbvfrsbklk l jl fcprfsl y lgugablrlgkfs fvfgths plrl ghvbfcerf.

Nhrof Pfgthsbjjl Qmlw fs- tukbñ bgofgbfrãl cftljþrob- al y lkcbgbstrlabñg kf fcprfsls fg jl VGCQC. Ml sbkh Yrfsbkfgtf kfj Alpã- tujh kf Bgofgbfrãl Cftljþr- obal kfj Ahjfobh kf Bgofgbf- rhs kf Jbcl fg khs hphrtugbklkfs. Lsbcbsch, kf- sfcpfüñ fj alroh kf Kb- rfathr kfj Hrolgbsch Jl- tbghlcfrbalgh kf Cbgfrãl (HJLCB). Fg fj cugkh fcprfslrblj, kfstlal su trl- yfathrbl fg @BCL y fg LQ- [FA, ahcplüãl fstlkhugb-

kfgsf khgkf supfrvbsñ prhyfaths kf pjlgtls kf lorfolkhs fg cfkbh hrbfgtf. Latuljcfgtf fs Ofrfg- tf Ofgfrlj kf NPQ Bgofgbf- rhs.

saufjl kf Cftljurobl kf Qlg Clrahs fs kf jls cfnhrfs fqubplkls kfj plãs. Jhs ̀ u- s cftljurobstls pufkfg kfslrrhjjlr ahgh- fgths fg bgstljlabhgfs chkfrgls ahch jl tl chkfrgl NBAL(lrrbel) y fj jlehrlthrbh

cftljurobl fxtrlatbvl (lelnh).

rbh. Cbsl kf mhgrl, rfahghabcbfg-

th l kbrfathrfs y ug kfslyughkf gfohabhs fg fj Mhtfj Clrrbht ahcprfgkfg plrtf kf jl h`frtl.

‚Yrfsfgtlrfchs thkls jlsphsbebjbklkfs quf hthrol jl FLYl jl shabfklk y l jls fcprfsls.

Fj kfslyugh tlcebâg sfrì jl

hphrtugbklk kf prfsfgtlr ugprhyfath cbgfrh bcphrtlgtf.Kfj cbsch chkh, lprhvfamlrf-chs plrl klrjf ug ghcerf lgufstrh lukbthrbh–, pugtuljbzñ fjbgofgbfrh Pfgthsbjjl.



Fj Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlj, Bgofgbfrh

Ljefrth Erhahs ahcfgtñ quf jlfcprfsl quf kbrbof, ahgsabfgtfquf fstlchs trlelnlgkh fg ugcugkh ojheljbzlkh khgkf jl lpjb-alabñg kfj ahgstlgtf lvlgaf kfjl tfaghjhoãl y kf jl lkfaulkl bc-pjfcfgtlabñg kf fstls shjuabh-gfs fg jls kb`frfgtfs fcprfslscbgfrls, y kf thkl jls bgkustrblsmlaf jl kb`frfgabl kf jhorlr fj âxb-

th y sfr ahcpftbtbvh lgtf aulj-qubfr sbtulabñg fvfgtulj quf l`fa-

tlg jhs ahsths ahch latuljcfgtf jl rfkuaabñg kfj prfabh kf jhsahcchkbtbfs, ahgnugtlcfgtf ahgsus rfprfsfgtlkls kf jls auljfsshg shabhs fstrltâobahs, h`rfafgprhkuaths bgghvlkhrfs y kf prb-cfrl aljbklk quf olrlgtbzlg jh-orlr ugl rfkuaabñg kf ahsths fgjls hpfrlabhgfs y prbgabpljcfgtf

fj ahgtrbeubr l ugl sfourbklk bgtforlj ahg fj ̀ bg kf sljvloulrklrjl vbkl kf jhs trlelnlkhrfs cbgf-rhs, prbgabplj prfhauplabñg kf

thkl fcprfsl rfsphgslejf.

Ahg cuaml chkfstbl, clgb-`bfstlg quf fj sfrvbabh tâagbahphst vfgtl quf erbgklg fs cuy

vljhrlkh fgtrf sus lprfablkhsajbfgtfs, qubfgfs mlg ahrrhehrl-kh fg fj tbfcph fstl alrlatfrãstb-al y vfgtlnl ahcpftbtbvl, khgkffj pfrshglj alplabtlkh kbrfatl-cfgtf phr sus rfprfsfgtlkls,

tlgth fg `lerbal ahch bgsbtu fgjls hpfrlabhgfs, olrlgtbzlg erbg-klr ug sfrvbabh kf fxafjfgabl. Fjpfrshglj kf Cbgfrl Ljclx rfl-jbzl vbsbtls tâagbals y kf alplabtl-abñg erbgklgkh ahgstlgtf lsfsh-

rãl plrl jl cfnhrl kf jl prhkuatbvbklk y kf jl sfourbklk lsã ahchplrl fj cfnhr kfsfcpfüh kf jhsprhkuaths lkqubrbkhs y quf fsthsf vfl rf`jfnlkh fg ugl cfnhrlahgtbgul.

Fgtrf jls prfstbobhsls clralsquf ahcfrabljbzl Cbgfrl Ljclx,

y quf sf mlg vfgbkh bgarfcfgtlgkh fg fj tbfcph fg elsf l rf-sujtlkhs hetfgbkhs fg fj cfral-kh pfrulgh lj jhorlr ajbfgtfs sl-

tbs`famhs, sf kftljjlg ljougl kffjjls ahch shg>

Jls chkfrgls jìcplrls cb-gfrls GJ[ kf Alglkì, jãkfrfsfg fj cfralkh cugkblj y pfrul-gh lj h`rfafr frohghcãl, elnh pf-sh, ahgtrbeuabñg lj cfkbh lc-

ebfgtf y erbgklr ugl bgtfgsbklkjucbghsl y pugth kf juz kurlgtfjl vbkl kf jl eltfrãl supfrbhr lauljqubfr jìcplrl sbcbjlr. [lc-ebâg fj olrlgtbzlr ugl vbkl þtbj cl-

yhr l khs lühs y cfkbh y pfrcbtbrquf âstls tlg shjh alceblgkh jlseltfrãls pufklg rfphtfgablrsfphr ug pfrbhkh sbcbjlr.

GJ[ fs fj prbcfr `lerbalgtfquf ml bgtrhkuabkh lj cfralkh

cugkblj, jìcplrls cbgfrls bgl-jìcerbals l jls quf sf jfs pufkfbgstljlr tlos plrl fj sfoubcbfgth

kfj pfrshglj (trladbgo).Aìclrls kf rfùobh phrtì-

tbjfs y fstlabhglrbls Qtrltl Ql-`fty kf VQL, fqubph kf sfourb-klk kf `ìabj clgfnh `lathr cuybcphrtlgtf kurlgtf ugl fcfrofg-abl, ahg tlclühs kf laufrkh ljrfqufrbcbfgth kfj ajbfgtf y jls al-rlatfrãstbals kf jl cbgl, jls aì-clrls shg fgtrfolkls ahg thkhjh rfqufrbkh plrl sfr pufstls fghpfrlabñg bgcfkbltlcfgtf. Fj pfr-shglj fspfabljbzlkh kf Ljclxal-plabtl lj pfrshglj fg cbgl rfs-pfath lj eufg ush y clgtfgb-cbfgth kf fstls aìclrls l `bgquf sf fgaufgtrfg hpfrltbvls lg-

tf ugl fcfrofgabl.

Ufabfgtfcfgtf Cbgfrl Lj-

clx ml bgajubkh fg su jãgfl kfprhkuaths fqubphs kf þjtbcl tfa-ghjhoãl plrl fj chgbthrfh ofh-

tâagbah y fstruaturlj kfj shstfgb-cbfgth, ̀ lerbalkhs phr jl fcprf-sl Rbfjkphbgt kf Alglkì.

Ahgsbkfrlgkh quf jhs kfrruc-efs y alãkl kf rhal shg jl prbgab-plj alusl kf laabkfgtfs `ltljfsfg cbgls suetfrrìgfls y jl þgbalclgfrl kf fvbtlrjhs fs ugl lkf-

aulkl prfvfgabñg ahg chgbth-

rfh ahgstlgtf plrl kftfrcbglrfj fstlkh kfj shstfgbcbfgth fgjls hpfrlabhgfs. Rbfjkphbgt (Al-glkì), jãkfr cugkblj fg prhkua-

ths ahg tfaghjhoãl kf pugtl h`rf-af lj cfralkh bgstrucfgtlabñgkbobtljbzlkl plrl fj chgbthrfh ofh-

tâagbah y fstruaturlj kfj shstfgb-cbfgth fg jls hpfrlabhgfs sue-

tfrrìgfls, supfr`babljfs y herlsabvbjfs.

Fstf chgbthrfh ahgstl kf cb-arhhrkfglkhrfs kbobtljfs bgahr-phrlkhs fg alkl bgstrucfgth,quf klg cfkbabhgfs kf alrol fg[C fxprfslgkh fj lucfgth kf jlalrol sherf jhs lgajlnfs kf laf-rh y jls cfkbabhgfs kf kfspjlzl-cbfgth fg cc fxprfslg fj chvb-cbfgth kf jl rhal rfjltbvh l ug

pugth kf rf`frfgabl.Fj prbgabplj f`fath kfj chgbth-

rfh kfj shstfgbcbfgth fs jl cfnhrl kf jl sfourbklk y prhkuatbvb-klk fg jls cbgls, fsths bgstru-cfgths klg prflvbsh kf sboghskf chvbcbfgth y lucfgth kfalrol fg jl rhal, jh quf lyukl l

thclr cfkbkls kf prfvfgabñg bg-cfkbltls plrl prhtfofr lj pfr-shglj y fqubphs kf laabkfgtfsquf jlcfgtlr.

Fj prhafslcbfgth kf jl sfüljjhalj h`rfaf gbvfjfs bgahcplrl-ejfs kf rfshjuabñg y prfabsbñg, yug gþcfrh kf sfrbf þgbah plrlalkl bgstrucfgth, fsth pfrcbtfl jhs usulrbhs ahgfatlr ̀ ìabjcfg-

tf rfkfs kf sfgshrfs y sf pufkf

lprhvfamlr jl Bgtfrgft plrl trlgs-cbtbr klths kf `hrcl lutñghcll bgofgbfrhs, tâagbahs l kbstlg-abl.

Fstl shjuabñg pufkf sfr utbjb-zlkl fg fj chgbthrfh kfj rfgkb-cbfgth fstruaturlj plrl prhyfa-

ths fg jhs sfathrfs kf cbgfrãl,bg`rlfstruaturl, ahgstruaabñg yfkb`babhs.

Fgtrf jl vlrbfklk kf bgstru-cfgths quf fstl shjuabñg h`rfafsf tbfgf>

K-OCC (KF[FA[).- Qfgshrkf kfspjlzlcbfgth Bgkuatbvh, utb-jbzlkh plrl ahgtrhjlr fxalvlabh-gfs suetfrrìgfls y jhs tljukfsl tlnh lebfrth.

K-CYE].- Fxtfgsñcftrh kf 1l = sfgshrfs, fj kbsfüh sf elslfg ug shjh vìstloh plrl fvbtlr jhsfrrhrfs kf kfspjlzlcbfgth (cc)

K-F][H.- Fxtfgsñcftrh kf vl-rbjjl cþjtbpjf kf mlstl 0 sfgsh-rfs kf kfspjlzlcbfgth, kf alrla-

tfrãstbals cìs kurls, quf fj ph-jbftbjfgh, ug gþajfh afgtrlj ahc-plath quf gh sfrì klülkh phr

jhs chvbcbfgths kf abzljjlcbfgth

kf mlstl <9 cc.K-UFELU.-Fstl tfaghjhoãl utb-

jbzl kf 0 l = cfkbkhrfs kf kf`hr-clabñg lxblj plrl ahgtrhjlr jl alr-ols quf sf kfslrrhjjl l jh jlrohkf jhs pfrghs fg fj shstfgbcbfg-

th kf jls cbgls suetfrrìgfls yjhs tljukfs fg cbgfrãl supfr`b-ablj, erbgkl bg`hrclabñg fg [C.

K-ALEJF.- Chgbthrfh kf jl ̀ hr-cl fg quf jl alrol sf kfslrrhjjlfg fj tbfcph l jh jlroh kf jhs pfr-ghs kf alejfs kf ? ljlcerfs, tbf-gf fj phtfgablj kf prfkfabr fj rbfs-oh kf ̀ ljjl fstruaturlj altlstrñ`b-al.

K-EHJ[.- Yfrgh kf lgajlnf bgs- trucfgtlkh, kf 0 l = sfgshrfs

cfkbkhrfs kf jl kf`hrclabñg kbl-cftrlj hpufstl ̀ jfxbñg / abzljjlku-rl chgbthrfl fj rfgkbcbfgth aulg-kh sf utbjbzlg pfrghs kf lgajlnf.

K-UFLKFU.- Yfrcbtf jl jfaturl luthcìtbal kf jhs sfgsh-rfs fxtfgsñcftrhs K-OCC,K-CYE], K-F][H, kf jhs sfgsh-rfs kf alrol K-UFELU, K-AL-EJF, K- EHJ[.

K-JHOOFU.- Ljbcfgtlkh phreltfrãls K<JHOOFU, rfobstrlklths kf ug shjh bgstrucfgth yK;JHOOFU rfobstrl klths kf ;bgstrucfgths.

K-CFQM.- Qhjuabñg kf rlkbh tfjfcftrãl jff thkls jls ahc-ebglabhgfs kf bgstrucfgths

RBFJKYHBG[, l trlvâs kf rfobs- trlkhrfs kf klths y fgvãl fsthsl ugl jlg phr _B@B, UQ515 hchkfc.

Fj lvlgaf kf jl tfaghjhoãl ph-gf l gufstrl kbsphsbabñg bgstru-cfgths cìs prfabshs plrl bgarf-cfgtlr jl sfourbklk fg jls hpf-rlabhgfs cbgfrls y herls abvbjfs,gh ahgtlr ahg fjjhs fxphgf l jhs

trlelnlkhrfs l trlelnlr elnhug rbfsoh bggfafslrbh lsã ahch

tlcebâg l`fatl jhs latbvhs kf jlfcprfsl.

Cbgfrl Ljclx, tlcebâg kbstrbeuyf, fgtrf jhs prhkuaths bgvh-juarlkhs fg jl sfourbklk, jhs ch-kfrghs kftfathrfs kf ols OÒkf VQL jhs cbschs quf shg els-

tlgtf ahcplaths y ahg ugl ol-rlgtãl ahcprhelkl fspfabljcfgtf ̀ lerbalkhs plrl trlelnh fg cb-gfrãl suetfrrìgfl sbfgkh ugl kfsus vfgtlnls ahcpftbtbvls ljfr-

tlr jl prfsfgabl kf olsfs cf-kblgtf shgbkh, vberlabñg y ugl plg-

tljjl tbph sfcì`hrh. Fg alsh sfkftfatf ug tbph kf ols ghabvh fgugl ahgafgtrlabñg pfjborhsl fsrfahcfgklejf jufoh kf bkfgtb`b-alrjh ahg fstf chkfrgh kftfa-

CBGFUL LJCL] AHG[UBEVRFGKH FG JL YUHKVA[BPBKLK RQFOVUBKLK KF JLQ FCYUFQLQ CBGFULQ UFQYHGQLEJFQ

Cbgfrl Ljclx Q.L.A., prñxbcl l aucpjbr 56 lühs h`rfabfgkh fg fxajusbvbklk lj cfralkh cbgfrhpfrulgh prhkuaths Yrfcbuc, `lerbalkhs phr prfstbobhsls fcprfsls fxtrlgnfrls.

Bgo. Ljefrth Erhahs, Ofrfgtf Ofgfrlkf Cbgfrl LJCL].

Aìclrl kf Uf̀ uobh Yhrtìtbj. Aìclrl kf Uf̀ uobh Fstlabhglrbl.

thr quf jhs trlelnlkhrfs usfgjhs luthrrfsaltlkhrfs kf fcfrofgabl, ofgfrlkhrfs kf hxãofghquf tlcebâg Ljclx ahcfrabljbzl

Fj chkfrgh fqubph Laautrhgkf Alglkì sf usl plrl cfkbr f`junh kf lbrf lsã ahch olsfs. Ahjh-aìgkhsf fstf fqubph kf tfaghjhoãl kf pugtl, fg kb`frfgtfs zhgls kf jl cbgl lsã ahch fg auljqubfr chgbthr fg supfr`babf plrlhesfrvlr bg sbtu, jhs kb`frfgtfs g

vfjfs kf ̀ junh kf lbrf y olsfs plrl thclr kfabsbhgfs bgcfkbltlsLsbcbsch, sf bgstljlg fg jhs vfg

tbjlkhrfs prbgabpljfs y clgolsplrl phkfr ahghafr fg tbfcph

rflj fj ̀ junh kf lbrf quf fclglg

Lkbabhgljcfgtf, fstì fj jãkfrcugkblj fg tfaghjhoãl kf ahcugbalabñg suetfrrìgfl jfldy`ffkfr Efadfr-Plrbs, Qukì`rbalAlglkì qubfgfs lplrtf kf erbgklr ug kblogñstbah jhalj y rfch

th kfj sbstfcl kf ahcugbalabñgfg bgtfrbhr l ̀ bg kf bkfgtb`balr ̀ ljjls kf bgcfkblth, tlcebâg prfsfgtl shjuabhgfs kf tfjfcftrãlplrl prfgkfr y lplolr ehcels

y vfgtbjlkhrfs l kbstlgabl.

Cbgfrl Ljclx lorlkfaf l susprfstbobhshs ajbfgtfs y shabhs fs

trltâobahs phr jl ahg`blgzl kfphsbtlkl kurlgtf fsths prbcfrhs56 lühs jh quf jfs chtbvl l sfoubr cfnhrlgkh ahgstlgtfcfgtfahg ug sfrvbabh kf aljbklk pfrshgljbzlkh ahgsabfgtfs quf f

sfathr cbgfrh rfsphgslejf aucpjf ug rhj ̀ ugklcfgtlj lj ahgtrbeubr fg fj kfslrrhjjh shstfgbkhkfj plãs.

Elrrl bgstrucfgtlj kbobtlj.

Yfrgh bgstrucfgtlj kbobtlj. Kftfathrfs kf ols OÒ.

Fqubphs Laautrhg.

<5; Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1




[VCB ULBQF EHUBGO fs- tì kfchstrlgkh quf fj Yfrþfs fxphrtlkhr kf tfaghjhoãlf bgghvlabñg y fsh sf vf rf-`jfnlkh fg jls cìqubgls pfr-`hrlkhrls cfalgbzlkls qufkbsfül, ̀ lerbal y hpfrl4 [VCBh`rfaf jl shjuabñg bgtforljplrl thkhs jhs rfqufrbcbfg-

ths kf sus ajbfgtfs fg cbgf-rãl, ahgstruaabñg abvbj y prh-

yfaths mbkrhfjâatrbahs.

[VCB ml `lerbalkh cìskf 59 cìqubgls pfr`hrl-khrls tbph ULBQF EHUFU ylatuljcfgtf prfstl sfrvb-abhs kf pfr`hrlabñg fg <9prhyfaths cbgfrhs f mbkrh-fjâatrbahs fg fj Yfrþ, Ambjf

y Ahjhcebl y l plrtbr kf hatuerf fg Gbalrloul.

Fg fstl hphrtugbklk lal-el kf prfsfgtlr su bgghvl-khr chkfjh QEC ;99 QU(QJH[ ULBQF) fj kãl cbârah-jfs 5= kf lohsth fg fj Bgstb-

tuth kf Bgofgbfrhs kf Cbglskfj Yfrþ, ahch jh mbzh fj lüh

plslkh ahg fj chkfjh QEC=99. Lj fvfgth lsbstbfrhgfcbgfgtfs bgofgbfrhs kf

vlrbls fcprfsls cbgfrls,ahgtrltbstls y prhvffkhrfsglabhgljfs y fxtrlgnfrhs.Fstl cìqubgl fs ug lphr-

tf tfaghjñobah kbsfülkl<99% fg fj Yfrþ y phr pf-rulghs ahgnugtlcfgtf ahgsu AFH Qtulrt Ejlttgfr yClra Ejlttgfr.

Kbaml cìqubgl gh rfqubf-rf kf jlehrfs ljtls y fvbtlrfljbzlr kfsqubgamfs kf tf-amhs kf oljfrãls y erbgklclyhr sfourbklk kurlgtffj trlsjlkh y jl hpfrlabñg

y lkfcìs, jhs hpfrlkhrfskf jls fcprfsls cbgfrlsgh vlg l tfgfr quf kfsaub-klr fqubphs gb pfrshglj ku-rlgtf fj trlsjlkh kf jl cì-qubgl gb fg jl ̀ lerbalabñg kfjls jhsls kf ahgarfth qufuslg thkls jls cìqubglsULBQF EHUFU kfj cugkh,bgarfcfgtlgkh jl prhkua-

tbvbklk fg jl pfr`hrlabñg kf

ambcfgfls y phr fgkf jlprhkuaabñg kf cbgfrlj fgjls cbgls.

Jl QEC ;99QU fs ahc-pjftlcfgtf lutñghcl y lu-

thcltbzlkl4 fstf chkfjhahcplath aufgtl ahg suugbklk kf phtfgabl y ahg-shjl kf ahgtrhj bgtforlkh

y, sf trlsjlkl l ahgtrhj rf-chth sherf ugl hruol trlgs-phrtlkhrl bgahrphrlkl qufljalgzl vfjhabklkfs kf mls-

tl ;.= dc/m. kbscbguyfg-kh fj ahgtlath fgtrf fj mhc-erf y jl cìqubgl4 fvbtlgkhlaabkfgtfs. Fstl cìqubglbgbablrì hpfrlabhgfs fg jlcbgl Afrrh Jbgkh kfj OruphCBJYH y l jl `faml fstìg`lerbalgkh 95 cìqubglscìs quf mlg sbkh vfgkbklsl jl fcprfsl ghrtflcfrbal-gl AMFPUHG.

Jh ahcplath kf su kbsf-üh y clgu`laturlabñg ahgljtl tfaghjhoãl jl mlaf þgb-al fg fj cfralkh ‚Vgl vfz

quf jl cìqubgl ml jjfolkhl jl fstlabñg kf trlelnh, suspbsthgfs mbkrìujbahs kf lg-ajlnf sf phsbabhglg fg jlsplrfkfs kf jl oljfrãl y sfbgbabl jl jlehr kf pfr`hrl-abñg lmhrrlgkh tbfcph ljgh tfgfr quf ahgstrubr ugljhsl kf ahgarfth plrl sulgajlnf–, sfüljñ fj Ofrfgtfkf Hpfrlabhgfs, ClgufjAlrh.

[bfgf ug rlgoh kf alpl-abklk cìxbcl kf mlstl 569cftrhs kf jhgobtuk ahg ugkbìcftrh kf 5.<9 cftrhs

y ghcbglj kf <.59 cftrhsmlstl <99 cftrhs kf jhgob-

tuk. Jl `ufrzl kf su fsal-rblkh fs kf <,?99 dG y su

thrquf fs kf =< dG-c. Ahgìgoujhs kf pfr`hrlabñg kf10¹ l 29¹ y tbfgf ugl lj-

turl cìxbcl kf 1.=9 cftrhs cbfgtrls su pfsh fskf <0,999 do. Fstl cìqub-gl ml sbkh ̀ lerbalkl fg fj tl-jjfr kf [VCB ULBQF EHUBGOqubfg ml sbkh Afrtb`balkh ahg

jhs fstìgklrfs kf aljbklkkfj BQH 299<>599= ahg fljalgaf kf ‚Kbsfüh y @lerbalabñg kf Cìqubgls Yfr`hrlkhrls tbph Ulbsf Ehrfr–.

Jl QEC ;99QU gh sñjhh`rfaf sfourbklk, sbgh qufrfkuaf ahsths f bgarfcfg

tl jl prhkuatbvbklk y tlcebâg fs ugl cìqubgl fahlcbolejf, pufsth quf sñjhsf gfafsbtl kf fjfatrbabklk

y loul ñ lbrf y gh prhkuafahgtlcbglabñg kurlgtf su`ugabhglcbfgth.

Jls latuljfs herls fgjls quf [VCB ULBQF EHUBGO prfstl sfrvbabhs ahch ahgtrltbstls shg> Mulgzljì (Yfrþ), Cbjph - AfrrhJbgkh (Yfrþ), Rlujbylau(Yfrþ), Ahgkfstlejf (Yfrþ)Ulurl (Yfrþ), Alslpljal(Yfrþ), Lrofgtuc (Yfrþ)Fj Qljvlkhr (Ambjf), Fj Jbcñg (Gbalrloul), [ugnbtlEhylal (Ahjhcebl).

[VCB ULBQF EHUBGO FQ QBGÑGBCH KF BGGHPLABÑG[FAGHJÑOBAL LYJBALKL FG JL @LEUBALABÑG KFJL CÌ\VBGL YFU@HULKHUL CFALGB^LKL CHKFJHQEC ;99 QU (QJH[ ULBQF) YLUL JL CBGFUÃL CVGKBLJ




L cfkbkl quf mlg bkh pl-slgkh kâalkls kf fxpjhrl-

abñg y fxpjhtlabñg cbgfrljmfchs jjfolkh l ug pugthfg fj aulj fj aherf fs gufstrl cltfrbl prbcl cìs prf-ablkl y cìs leugklgtf qufjhs kfcìs cbgfrljfs cftì-jbahs y gh cftìjbahs.

Alkl abfrth tbfcph lpl-rfafg gufvhs prhspfaths yprhyfaths kf aherf fg fj tfrrbthrbh pfrulgh, quf ghsmlafg vfr quf fxbstf lj pl-rfafr ugl `ufgtf bglohtl-ejf kf rfaurshs auprã`frhs,l kb`frfgabl kf htrhs cftl-jfs ahch fj hrh y jl pjltlkhgkf jhs gufvhs kfsauerb-cbfgths sbrvfg plrl rfph-

gfr jl prhkuaabñg ahgsucb-kl lguljcfgtf. Jls ab`rlsjh kfcufstrlg ajlrlcfgtf.

L nugbh kfj 59<1, sfoþgfj CFC, jl alrtfrl fstbcl-kl kf bgvfrsbñg fg cbgfrãlfstlel ahcpufstl phr 69prbgabpljfs prhyfaths kbvb-kbkhs fgtrf prhyfaths kflcpjblabñg fg ugbklkfs cb-gfrls, prhyfaths ahg fstu-kbh lcebfgtlj lprhelkh hfg prhafsh kf fvljulabñg y prhyfaths fg ftlpl kf fx-pjhrlabñg lvlgzlkl. Jl bg- vfrsbñg lprhxbclkl fstlelljrfkfkhr kf VQ$ 6?,651cbjjhgfs kf jhs auljfs VQ$10,1<6 cbjjhgfs (01.<6%)

ahrrfsphgkf lj aherf.Jhs bgorfshs quf sf he-

tbfgfg phr jl fxphrtlabñgkfj aherf fstìg ljrfkfkhrkf <9 cbj cbjjhgfs kf kñjl-rfs, ugl ab`rl sbcbjlr lj kfjhrh, sbg fcelroh fstls ab-`rls alceblrìg fg jhs sb-

oubfgtfs 5 lühs l ̀ lvhr kfjaherf, aulgkh fcpbfafg lprhkuabr jhs prhyfaths au-prã`frhs quf sf fstìg bc-pjfcfgtlgkh. Ljoh quf ghsuafkf ahg fj hrh, khgkfjh quf fspfrlchs fs qufsf clgtfgol fj gbvfj kf prh-kuaabñg y ofgfrlabñg kf kbvbsls fg ug gbvfj sbcbjlr ljkf lühs plslkhs.

Jls rfsfrvls y rfaurshskf jhs prhyfaths auprã`frhsfstìg ljrfkfkhr kf ?9 cb-jjhgfs kf thgfjlkls ̀ bgls kfaherf quf mhjolklcfgtfghs pfrcbtfg kupjbalr y trb-pjbalr jl prhkuaabñg latuljkf <.1 [C@ lguljfs, y tf-

FG JL UV[L KFJ AHEUFFspfablj plrl CVGKH CBGFUH phr fj Kr. Uhofr Alehs Rfpfs

CBGFULJ YYLJ VQ$ CC %

AHEUF 10,1<6 01.<1HUH ?,<=5 <5.;2MBFUUH ?,909 <5.5?YHJBCF[ÌJBAHQ 1,55? 6.0<@HQ@L[HQ <,=?9 1.56^BGA 22; <.?1YJL[L ?69 <.19YH[LQBH <56 9.55

[H[LJ VQ$ CC 6?,651 <99

gfr rfsfrvls plrl 19 lühs.Qb sf kupjbalrl jl prh-

kuaabñg, jhs bgorfshs phrfxphrtlabñg lucfgtlrãlg<9 cbj cbjjhgfs kf kñjlrfs,quf suclkhs l jl prhkua-abñg latulj sf tfgkrãl ug bg-orfsh thtlj kf 59 cbj cbjjh-

gfs kf kñjlrfs. R sb sf trb-pjbalrl, ljoh cuy prhelejf,jhs bgorfshs thtljfs phr fx-phrtlabñg kf aherf jjfol-rãlg l 19 cbj cbjjhgfs kfkñjlrfs.

[lj bgarfcfgth fg jl prh-kuaabñg y fg fj vhjucfg kf vfgtls gh jh vfchs fg jhs

htrhs cftljfs cftìjbahs au- yls rfsfrvls pfrcbtfg clg-

tfgfr jl prhkuaabñg latuljh fjfvlrjl chkfrlklcfgtf y phr ahgsboubfgtf fj vhju-cfg y vljhr kf sus fxphr- tlabhgfs sf clgtbfgfg ahgphal vlrblabñg. Fg jhs þjtb-chs <9 lühs jl prhkua-abñg kfj hrh sf ml clgtf-gbkh fgtrf 6 y 0 cbjjhgfskf hgzls, jl kf pjltl fgtrf26 y <56 cbjjhgfs kf hg-zls, jl kf zbga fgtrf <,599 y <,099 [C@ cbfgtrls qufjl kf pjhch fgtrf 519 y119 [C@.

Gh mly kukl pufs, quforlg plrtf kfj kfslrrhjjh kfjl bgkustrbl cbgfrl kfj Yf-rþ fstì jbolkl lj aherf y

fspfabljcfgtf l jhs pñr`b-khs, jufoh fg cfghr orlkhlj sdlrg (Lgtlcbgl), BHAO(Clraherf) y PCQ ([lceh-orlgkf).

Fg jl latuljbklk cuamhsprhyfaths bcphrtlgtfs sffgaufgtrlg fg jl ftlpl kfbcpjfcfgtlabñg ahch fj

Khathr fg Ofhjhoãl, Uñofr Alehs Rfpfs.- Bgofgbfrh ofñjhoh forfslkh kf jlVgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj kf Bgofgbfrãl (VGB)

ahg fstukbhs kf Yhst Orlkh fg jl Lalkfcbl kf Cbgls y Cftljurobl kf Yhjhgblphsff fj tãtujh kf Khathrlkh fg OfhjhoãlFj bkfñ y ml mfamh rfljbklk jl chgucfgtlj herl fkbthrblj ‚Yhtfgablj Cbgfrh kjls Ufobhgfs kfj Yfrþ–, kfskf quf rfthrgñ lj Yfrþ. Ml sbkh Ofrfgtf kf Fxpjhrlabhgfs fg jl ahcplüãl vfgfzhjlgl Ahgsujtcbg Q.L. y Pbafprfsbkfgtf kf jl Ahrphrlabñg Cbgfrl Jl Ylsthrl, ahcplüãlahg prhpbfklkfs fg fj Yfrþ y Pfgfzufjl




<52

yfath [hrhchamh quf bcpjball bgvfrsbñg kf ;,=99 cbjjhgfskñjlrfs y fcpfzlrì l prhkuabrkbabfcerf kfj prfsfgtf lüh4 fjyfath Jls Elcels ahg ugl bg-sbñg kf 6,599 cbjjhgfs kf kñ-fs klrì `ruths l plrtbr kf cl-ugbh kfj 59<64 fj prhyfath Af-Pfrkf tlcebâg ahg ugl bgvfr-

g kf cìs kf 6,999 cbjjhgfskñjlrfs fcpfzlrì l prhkuabrfj 59<64 fj prhyfath Ahgstlg-quf bgvbfrtf <,6;0 cbjjhgfs kflrfs fstlrì jbstl plrl ahcfg-

l prhkuabr l `bgfs kfj 5,9<; 5,9<6, phr su plrtf jls bg-sbhgfs fg [hqufpljl y Aulnhgfhrkfg kf 2;9 cbjjhgfs kf kñ-

fs fgtrlrãlg fg prhkuaabñg fg59<;-59<6.Fstf oruph kf prhyfaths, ahgl bgvfrsbñg kf <?,699 cbjjhgfskñjlrfs prhkuabrì ljrfkfkhr kf5 cbjjhgfs kf [C@ kf aherf,g jh quf sf mlerì kupjbalkh jlkuaabñg latulj fg fj pfrãhkh<1-59<6.Ahgtrlrblcfgtf l jh quf suaf-fg jl clarhrfobñg sur kfj Yfrþ,kf sf fgaufgtrlg jl clyhrãl kfprhyfaths cfgabhglkhs lrrb-fg jl clarhrfobñg ghrtf, jhs

yfaths cbgfrhs auprã`frhs sf

aufgtrlg alsb plrljbzlkhs h cuyrlslkhs fg su kfslrrhjjh, fgnubabh kfj prhorfsh kf fstls rf-gfs y kfj plãs. Fstf fs fj alshAhgol kf 6,999 cbjjhgfs kflrfs kf bgvfrsbñg, Cbambqubjjly,fgh, Jl Orlgnl, Alülrblah, Af-Ejlgah, [lcehorlgkf, fgtrf

hs. Fg fstls rfobhgfs, tlj sb-abñg bcpbkf quf jls phejlabh-

s sf efgf`babfg kf jl latbvbklkgfrl quf gh shjh sf rfstrbgofgalghg cbgfrh, Pbofgabl, rfol-, sbgh quf âstls lkfcìs bcpuj-

g fj kfslrrhjjh fahgñcbah jhaljfobhglj prhkuath kf jls ahc-s, ahgtrltlabñg kf clgh kfl, sfrvbabhs kf pfrshglj, lsf-ãl, ahgsujthrãl, trlelnhs kf bg-

gbfrãl, herls kf ahgstruaabñg, chvbcbfgth kf tbfrrls, trlel-cftlj cfaìgbahs, clgtfgb-

fgth kf fqubph jbvblgh y fqubphslkh, clgtfgbcbfgth fjâatrbahfjf`hgãl, fgtrf htrhs.Fg jl alrtfrl cfgabhglkl fg jlhkuaabñg gh fstìg ahgtfcpjl-

s ugl sfrbf kf pñr`bkhs kf ah-(ahg hrh, chjbekfgh) fg jhs

jfs yl fxbstfg alcplüls kf pfr-labhgfs kblclgtbgls rfljbzl-s y quf ahgstbtuyfg jhs gufvhsyfaths auprã`frhs kf orlg fg-olkurl, quf fgtrlrìg l supjbrrfsfrvls quf sf lohtfg kf jljhtlabñg kf jhs yl ahghabkhs.rf fjjhs kfefchs cfgabhglr fj`bkh kf Au-Ch Lurhrl kf @h-

s Pfgturf fg Ausah, fj pñr`bkhLu Halül kf Bgkbah UfshurafsLrfqubpl, fj pñr`bkh \ubaly 5Au-Lu, fj kfpñsbth PCQ [lceh-gkf, jhs kf Ahtlelcels y Lg-s kf Ylghrh, thkhs fjjhs ahgfgablj fgabcl kf jls 569 cbjjh-s kf [C.Jl ahgajusbñg fs quf fj kfslrrh-kf jl bgkustrbl cbgfrl fg jlsubfgtfs kâalkls fstlrì jbkfrl-phr fj aherf, lpugtljlkl phr fjrrh, jhs cftljfs prfabhshs y jhstljfs elsf. Fstf kfslrrhjjh fs-ì jbolkh l jl fxpjhtlabñg clsbvlkfpñsbths phr`brãtbahs kf aherf fjfcfgths cfghrfs ahch hrh

chjbekfgh. L su vfz fj plãs y jlsbhgfs hetfgkrìg jhs efgf`babhs

frfgtfs l fstl latbvbklk qufphrabhglrì jhs rfaurshs plrlfslrrhjjh kfj plãs fg jhs sboubfg-lühs.




<1<

BCYHU[LABHGFQ N. PBPLGAH QLA, JHQ CFNHUFQ YUHKVA[HQ R LAAFQHUBHQ

KF QFOVUBKLK YLUL JL CBGFUÃL, AHGQ[UVAABÑG F BGKVQ[UBL FG OFGFULJKfskf mlaf cìs kf 59 lühs prhvff lj cfralkh glabhglj ahg jls cfnhrfs clrals bgtfrglabhgljfs

@uf `ugklkl fg <22<,cphrtlabhgfs N. PbvlgahQLA, ahg fj henftbvh kflelstfafr kf lrtãaujhs kfsfourbklk l jhs kbvfrshssfathrfs prhkuatbvhs kfjplãs, ahgtlgkh ahg rfprf-sfgtlabhgfs fxajusbvls,prhvfgbfgtfs kf jhs Fstl-khs Vgbkhs y kf kbvfrshsplãsfs kf Furhpl.

Bcphrtlabhgfs N. Pbvlg-ah QLA, fstì ahg`hrclklphr ug fqubph kf prh`fsbh-gljfs quf tbfgfg ahch cb-sbñg, lsfshrlr l jhs ajbfg-fs plrl sltbs`lafr sus gf-

afsbklkfs fspfaã`bals. Qulcpjbl vhalabñg kf sfrvb-abh ml pfrcbtbkh quf mhycphrtlabhgfs N. PbvlgahQLA aufgtf ahg ug sñjbkh

ebfg olglkh prfstbobh l

jh jlroh y lgamh kfj tfrrbthrbh glabhglj, f bgajush fgplãsfs quf lmhrl fxphrtlsus prhkuaths.

Jl fcprfsl aufgtl ahgug ìrfl kf lsbstfgabl tâa-gbal fspfabljbzlkl quf lkf-cìs kf erbgklr ug sfrvbabhpfrshgljbzlkh aufgtl ahgug lcpjbh sthad kf prhkuaths l prfabhs ahcpftbtbvhs.

Alef cfgabhglr quf jhsprhkuaths quf rfprfsfgtl y ahcfrabljbzl Bcphrtlabh-gfs N. Pbvlgah QLA, auc-pjfg ahg thkls jls afrtb`b-

alabhgfs bgtfrglabhgljfs yl quf shjh bcphrtl y rf-prfsfgtl clrals kf rfah-ghabkh prfstbobh bgtfrgl-abhglj plrl lpjbalabhgfs yushs ahch>

Yrhtfaabñg Lukbtbvl, Pb-sulj, @lablj, kf Alefzl4Yrhtfaabñg Bgkustrblj plrlClghs, Oulgtfs Kbfjâatrb-ahs, Uhpl Yrhtfathrl plrl\uãcbahs y Jjuvbl, Alsahskf Qfourbklk, YrhtfaabñgUfspbrlthrbl, Lrgfsfs kfQfourbklk, Amljfahs kfQfüljbzlabñg, Kuamls y Jl- vlhnhs, Alrftls Fjâatrbalsplrl Qhjklkhr, PfstulrbhLjucbgbzlkh, Aljzlkh kf

Qfourbklk, Jbgtfrgls, Lg- tbfxpjhsbvls, fgtrf htrhs.

Bcphrtlabhgfs N. Pb- vlgah QLA, erbgkl ug prh-orlcl bgtforlj kf ahcfr-abljbzlabñg pfgslkh fg cb-gbcbzlr jhs laabkfgtfs kfsfourbklk kf jls kbvfrslsfcprfsls y phr fgkf cl- xbcbzlr jl sltbs`laabñg kfjhs usulrbhs. Fj prhorlclsf ahcpjfcfgtl ahg jl ol-rlgtãl kfj prhkuath y suprhgth kfsplamh.

Bcphrtlabhgfs N. Pb- vlgah QLA, ahch fcprf-sl jãkfr fg su ruerh, fs jlcfnhr hpabñg plrl quf sufcprfsl aufgtf ahg prh-kuaths kf sfourbklk bgkustrblj lvljlkhs phr sus afrtb`balabhgfs bgtfrglabhgl-jfs.

Latuljcfgtf, su Ofrfg- tf Ahcfrabl j fs jl Qrl.Clrãl Jubsl Gþüfz ̂ ìrltf.

Fxmbebabhg y vfgtls>Qljvlkhr Kljã <00

Qlg Ehrnl- Jbcl, ;<Yfrþ,[fjâ`hgh> +6<< 1;0 9;26

@lx> +6<< 1;0 <016Fclbj>

vfgtlsIbcphrtlabhgfsnvbvlgahsla.ahc _fe>

www.bcphrtlabhgfsnvbvlgahsla.ahc



Uhtltbvl

Bgtfrglabhglj

Uhtltbvl

Bgtfrglabhglj


Lkfcìs kf Khg Gbahjìs, jl ahcplüãl lvlgzñ vlrbhs prhyfaths kf fxpjhrlabñg fg jl rfobñg Yltlohgbl kf Lrofgtbgl,bgajuyfgkh Fsahgkbkh y Ylg kf Lzþalr. Fg aultrh uebalabhgfs kfj prhyfath sf rfljbzlrhg fstukbhs ofh`ãsbahs cfkblgtf mfjbañptfrh, kf tbph clogâtbahs y rlkbhcâtrbahs, suclgkh ug thtlj kf ;,;99 dbjñcftrhs jbgfljfs. Fstf prhorlcl sf ahcpjftñ l bgbabhs kfj tfrafr trbcfstrf kfj 59<9.

Cbgfrl BUJ pbsl ̀ ufrtf fg tbf-

rrls oluamls. Jl ahcplüãl, qufahtbzl fg jls ehjsls kf [hrhgth,Jhgkrfs y Jbcl, lgugabñ fj laufr-kh kf`bgbtbvh quf afjferñ ahg jlAhcplüãl Bgvfrshrl fg Cbgls(ABCBGLQ) plrl rfabebr kf âstlfj `bglgablcbfgth rfqufrbkh pl-rl ahgstrubr fj prhyfath lurã`f-rh Khg Gbahjìs, fg jl prhvbgablkf Qlgtl Aruz, fg jl YltlohgblLrofgtbgl.

Fj ̀ bglgablcbfgth lsabfgkf lug thtlj kf mlstl VQ$ =9 cbjjh-gfs, sfoþg ̀ ufgtfs lrofgtbgls.Lsbcbsch, sf bg`hrcñ quf Cbgf-rl BUJ ahgsfrvlrì fj 6<% kf plr-

tbabplabñg fg Cbgfrl BUJ Yltloh-gbl Q.L. (‚CBUJ Yltlohgbl–, jlsuesbkblrbl kf Cbgfrl BUJ qufclgtbfgf jhs latbvhs lrofgtbghs

kf jl ahcplüãl). Yhr su plrtf,ABCBGLQ bgvfrtbrì VQ$ ;6 cb-jjhgfs ahch ahgtrbeuabñg kf al-pbtlj l alcebh kf ug bgtfrâs kf;6% fg CBUJ Yltlohgbl, y 2.<cbjjhgfs kf laabhgfs hrkbglrblsfg Cbgfrl BUJ. Qf fcbtbrì ug al-pbtlj lkbabhglj kfj ;% fg CBUJYltlohgbl plrl jhs hrolgbzlkh-rfs kf jl trlgslaabñg.

‚Fstlchs fgalgtlkhs kfahgtlr ahg fj ̀ bglgablcbfgth pl-rl kfslrrhjjlr fj Yrhyfath KhgGbahjìs. Gufstrl elsf kf rf-aurshs, fxpfrbfgabl y phsbabñgfg ugl zhgl ahg ljth phtfgabljplrl jl prhspfaabñg, fs eufgluourbh kf ug gfohabh cbgfrhsñjbkh y kurlkfrh–, clgb`fstñAhurtgfy Amlcefrjlbg, Yrfsb-

kfgtf Fnfautbvh kf Cbgfrl BUJ.L su turgh, Kbfoh Efglvbkfs,

Yrfsbkfgtf kf CBUJ Yltlohgbl,lorfoñ quf sf mlg ‚kfslrrhjjl-kh fxafjfgtfs rfjlabhgfs ahg jhsrfprfsfgtlgtfs kf ABCBGLQ,qubfgfs ahcpjfcfgtlg gufstrlfxpfrbfgabl cbgfrl ahg su fx-

pfrbfgabl fcprfslrblj fg Lr-ofgtbgl, jhs ahgtlaths quf mlgkfslrrhjjlkh phr cuamhs lühs y fj ahghabcbfgth fg cltfrblkf fcpjfh, bgkustrbl y rfoujl-abhgfs ouefrglcfgtljfs. Nug- ths, shchs ug fqubph rfsphg-slejf y kbvfrsh ahcprhcftbkhahg fj arfabcbfgth–.

Yhr htrh jlkh, sf suph qufABCBGLQ ml ahgajubkh jls ahhr-kbglabhgfs plrl erbgklr ug prâs-

tlch pufgtf kf mlstl VQ$ 16cbjjhgfs, ahg jh quf fj thtlj kf

jhs ̀ hgkhs kbsphgbejfs plrl kf-slrrhjjlr Khg Gbahjìs ljalgzljhs VQ$ =9 cbjjhgfs.

Fj prhyfath Khg Gbahjìs aufgtl ahg thkhs jhs pfrcbshs y, phrfjjh su ahgstruaabñg pufkf bgb-ablrsf bgcfkbltlcfgtf. Qf sf-jfaabhgñ ug ahgshrabh FYAC pl-

rl ahgstrubr jl cbgl y su bg`rl-fstruaturl.

Lj rfspfath, @lebh Uhzfg-ejuc, Yrfsbkfgtf kf ABCBGLQ,shstuvh quf ‚fstl fs ugl fxaf-jfgtf hphrtugbklk kf bgvfrsbñgplrl ug prhyfath prhkuatbvh kfcftljfs prfabhshs quf yl aufgtl ahg thkhs jhs pfrcbshs y fs- tì jbsth plrl sfr kfslrrhjjlkh.Ghs oustl mlefrghs lshablkhl fstf fqubph kf rfahghabkhsprh`fsbhgljfs kf jl bgkustrblcbgfrl l alroh kf jl arflabñg

kf fcpjfh y sfrvbabhs kbrfathsf bgkbrfaths quf erbgklg ug ef-gf`babh l Lrofgtbgl y l jl rf-obñg. Ahgsbkfrlchs quf fj Yrh- yfath Khg Gbahjìs fs ugl hphrtugbklk kf bgvfrsbñg sñjbkl y tbfgf fj tlclüh y ljalgaf qufghs erbgkl ug bgorfsh bkflj ljl bgkustrbl cbgfrl–.

Cbgfrl BUJ sf ahgshjbkl fg Lrofgtbglahg prhyfath Khg Gbahjìs

Qfjjñ ug laufrkh kf`bgbtbvh ahg ABCBGLQ plrl ̀ bglgablr fj <99%kf jl ahgstruaabñg kf su prhyfath cbgfrh lurã`frh, fg Qlgtl Aruz.Ahgtrbeuabñg lsabfgkf l VQ$ =9 cbjjhgfs.

Khg Gbahjl prhkuabrì 09,999 hgzls kf hrh l plrtbr kfj 59<;. Qfrì jl sfougkl cbgl kf Cbgfrl BUJ, pufs -ahch sf slef- âstl hpfrl fg fj Yfrþ jl cbgl Ahrbmulrcb (‚cunfr kf hrh–). Qu prñxbch plsh sfrì bgbablr jl ahgstruaabñg kf Hjjlamfl (Yugh). Qu prhyfath elgkfrl.

Jhs alejfs bgtfrglabhgljfs jh lgugablg ahchfj prhyfath kf aherf cìs orlgkf kf Lcârbal. R mly qubfgfs lsfvfrlg, bgajush, quf su ahgs- truaabñg rbvljbzlrì ahg jl kfj `lchsh Alglj kfYlglcì.

Mlejlchs kfj prhyfath Aherf Ylglcì, prh- vfreblj ylabcbfgth kf aherf-hrh fgajlvlkh fg jlsfjvl kf Ylglcì, auyh kfslrrhjjh phsbebjbtlrì

¸QFUÌ ABFU[H8 Qtfvf Ehtts fxpjbalrì phr quâ Aherf Ylglcì fs ahgsbkfrlkh ug prhyfath kf bgofgbfrãl sbcbjlr lj kfj Alglj kf Ylgl- cì.

Qtfvf Ehtts, Ofrfgtf Of- gfrlj kf Aherf Ylglcì.

Qfrì prfsfgtlkh fg Yfrucbg

FJ YUHRFA[H KF AHEUFCÌQ OULGKF KF LCÂUBAL

FQ[Ì FG YLGLCÌ

quf fstl glabñg afgtrh-lcfrbalgl sf ahgvbfrtl kfug shjh ohjpf fg ug bcphrtlgtf prhkuathr cbgfrh.

Jl alglkbfgsf @brst\ulgtuc, latuljcfgtf jlkuhkâabcl clyhr prhkuathrl kfj cftlj rhnh fg fjcugkh, lpufstl phr fstfprhyfath plrl suebr lj qubg- th juolr fg kbamh rlgdbgo.

Aherf Ylglcì fstì kb-sfülkh plrl prhkuabr ugprhcfkbh kf 5=9.999 th-gfjlkls kf aherf `bgh phrlüh kurlgtf ug mhrbzhgtfkf aulrfgtl lühs.

Jl alglkbfgsf Bgcft Cb-gbgo (quf hpfrñ fj prhyfath mlstl su leshrabñgphr @brst \ulgtuc fg clrzh þjtbch) fstbcñ qufsu ahgstruaabñg kfclgklrãl VQ$ 0,599 cbjjh-gfs.

Qbg fcelroh, @brst \ulgtuc ml lgugablkh qufpufkf kfslrrhjjlr Aherf Ylglcì y jjfvlrjh l prh-kuaabñg ahg ug olsth cuamh cfghr.

¸Añch jh mlrì8 Fsh fs jh quf fxpjbalrì fjprfsbkfgtf kf Cbgfrl Aherf Ylglcì, QtfvfEhtts (fx ofrfgtf ofgfrlj kfj prhyfath auprã`frhJl Orlgnl), fg fj [hp Cbgbgo kf Yfrucbg 59<1.Qu prfsfgtlabñg tfgkrì juolr fj clrtfs <? kfsftbfcerf, l jls <?>19 p.c.



Uhtltbvl Cbgfrl

Uhtltbvl Cbgfrl

Lafrhs Lrfqubpl, ahcprhcftbkh ahgjl `hrclabñg kf bgofgbfrhs kf cbgls

Lafrhs Lrfqubpl rfl`brclgkh su ahcprhcbshahg fj kfslrrhjjh kf jl fkualabñg y ùturhs prh`fsbh-gljfs kf jls alrrfrls kf abfgabls kf jl tbfrrl, erbg-kñ jl ahg`frfgabl tbtujlkl> ‚Lpjbalabñg kf jl Ofhcf- aìgbal fg fj kbsfüh y fnfauabñg kf jlehrfs cbgfrls suetfrrìgfls– .

Fj fvfgth sf kfslrrhjjñ fg jls bgstljlabhgfs kfjl Fsaufjl Lalkâcbah Yrh`fsbhglj kf Bgofgbfrbl kfCbgls kf jl Vgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj Clyhr kf QlgClrahs4 jl aulj ahgvhañ l jhs ljucghs kf kbaml

alsl kf fstukbhs, y fstuvh l alroh kfj Bgo. Clrtãg@jhrfs - Que Ofrfgtf kf Qhstfgbcbfgth kf Uhalskf Ahrphrlabñg Lafrhs Lrfqubpl Q.L.

Qf lehrklrhg jhs tfcls ahgafrgbfgtfs lj rhj fbcphrtlgabl kf jl abfgabl kf jl Ofhcfaìgbal fg fjkbsfüh y fnfauabñg kf jls jlehrfs cbgfrls suetf-rrìgfls, fxpjbalgkh jls vfgtlnls quf h`rfaf jl lpjb-alabñg kf fstl kbsabpjbgl fg`halkl fg erbgklr Qf- ourbklk fg jhs prhyfaths cbgfrhs.

Qf kftljjñ jhs arbtfrbhs Ofhcfaìgbahs y Hpfrl- tbvhs plrl ugl ahrrfatl sfjfaabñg y lpjbalabñg kfQbstfcls kf Qhstfgbcbfgth kf Uhals, fxphgbfgkhalkl ugl kf jls vlrblejfs arãtbals quf kfefg sfrfvljulkls plrl fj kbsfüh kf jhs sbstfcls kf shphrtf.

Fj Bgo. Clrtãg @jhrfs, fxpjbañ jl bcphrtlgabl kfjl fvljulabñg kf jhs plrìcftrhs Ofhcfaìgbahs yHpfrltbvhs fg fj prhafsh kf sfjfaabñg kfj Qbstfcl

kf shstfgbcbfgth l sfr lpjbalkh plrl fj ahgtrhj kfjls bgfstlebjbklkfs suetfrrìgfls. Fg`halkh fg jhsarbtfrbhs kf [bfcph kf Fxphsbabñg y Alplabklk kfAlrol kf jhs fjfcfgths kf shstfgbcbfgth ahchjhs plrìcftrhs ̀ bjtrh plrl jl sfjfaabñg kf jls altf-ohrãls kf Yfrghs kf Lgajlnf l sfr lpjbalkhs fg fjprhyfath cbgfrh.

Kfchstrñ l jhs ljucghs jl ùgabhgljbklk kf jhspfrghs kf lgajlnf Elrrl Mfjbahbklj® plrl fj shstfgb-cbfgth kf jlehrfs pfrclgfgtfs y jl lpjbalabñg kfjYfrgh kf Lgajlnf Qpjbtehjt ® plrl fj shstfgbcbfgthkf jlehrfs tfcphrljfs fg cbgfrãl4 fjfcfgths kfshstfgbcbfgth quf h`rfaf jl ahcplüãl l jhs prhyfaths cbgfrhs y abvbjfs kfj plãs y kfj fxtfrbhr.

Lsbcbsch, fsajlrfabñ jl bcphrtlgabl kfj vljhr lorf-olkh quf h`rfaf Lafrhs Lrfqubpl fg jls hpfrlabh-gfs cbgfrls y abvbjfs, cfkblgtf su Qhphrtf Ofhcf-aìgbah, fj aulj ahgstl kfj kfslrrhjjh kf> Lsfshrãl

Ofhcfalgbal, Fvljulabñg Ofhcfaìgbal, Yrufelskf lrrlgquf kf sus lgajlnfs, prhorlcls kf Alplab- tlabñg y Fgtrfglcbfgth lj pfrshglj bgvhjuarlkh fgjls tlrfls kf shstfgbcbfgth.

Ahgtlath> ofhcfalgIllsl.ahc.pf

Ljucghs kf jl Fsaufjl kf Cbgls kf jl Vgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj Clyhr kf Qlg Clrahs.


<11

Kfscbtb̀ balr jl cbgfrãl ah-ch latbvbklk sbgñgbch kf ahg- tlcbglabñg y ahg`jbath fs fjprbgabplj rfth kf jl bgkustrbl. Eusalgkh ahgtrbeubr lfsf prhpñsbth, jl fcprfslahgsujthrl fg ofstbñg cbgf-rl Yrhfscbg bgluourlrì fgLrfqubpl fj Yrbcfr YlrqufFahjñobah Cbgfrh kfj Yfrþ,prhyfath quf eusal klr l ah-ghafr fj trlelnh kf jls ahc-plüãls cbgfrls, fcprfslspþejbals y prbvlkls fg rfjl-abñg lj aubklkh kfj cfkbh lc-ebfgtf.

‚Fj henftbvh fs chstrlrfj trlelnh kf jls ahcplüãls

cbgfrls, fcprfsls pþejb-als y prbvlkls qubfgfs hpf-rlg kf `hrcl rfsphgslejfahg fj cfkbh lcebfgtf, ̀ h-cfgtlgkh fj ush rlzhglejfkf jhs rfaurshs glturljfs yfj ebfgfstlr plrl su phejl-abñg latulj y ofgfrlabhgfsùturls. Lsã ahch prhchvfr ugl f`balz rfjlabñg abukl-klgh-fcprfsl ahg ug ljthorlkh kf ahgabfgabl y sfgsb-ebjbklk ahg su fgthrgh cf-kbhlcebfgtlj–, fxpjbañ fj Of-rfgtf Ofgfrlj kf Yrhfscbg,Jfhphjkh Chgzñg Volrrbzl.

Fj plrquf tfcìtbah, quflerbrì sus pufrtls kfskffj <6 kf sftbfcerf, fspfrl

lphrtlr lj ̀hrtljfabcbfgth kfugl aujturl fahjñobal, alplzkf kfchstrlr quf fj Fstlkh,jl ahcugbklk y jls fcprf-sls kfkbalkls l jl fxtrla-abñg kf rfaurshs glturljfspufkfg vbvbr fg lrchgãl, ahgphjãtbals kf prhtfaabñg lj cf-kbh lcebfgtf y kf bgajusbñgshablj, orlabls lj ush rfsphg-slejf kf tfaghjhoãls jbcpbls.

Fj rfabgth, uebalkh fg jlzhgl kfj Afrrh Nujb, kbstrbthkf Nlaheh Mugtfr, l tlg shjh199 cftrhs kf jl pufrtl kfbgorfsh kf jl Ahgvfgabñg Cb-gfrl YFUVCBG, tbfgf ug ìrflkf <5,999 c5. Fstlrì ahg-`hrclkh phr aultrh ìrfls

kf`bgbkls> ug prbcfr fsplabhplrl laafkfr l jls gufvls tfaghjhoãls l `lvhr kfj lc-ebfgtf4 ug pltbh ahcbkls hr-oìgbals, y fsplabhs plrl fx-phsbabñg kf prhkuaths jhal-

Cbgfrãl pfrulgl tfgkrì su prbcfrplrquf fahjñobah

Ufabgth sf fgaufgtrl uebalkh fg Lrfqubpl y lerbrì sus pufrtls lj pþejbah fstf <6kf sftbfcerf. Yrhyfath eusal klr l ahghafr fj trlelnh kf jls ahcplüãls cbgfrlsfg rfjlabñg lj aubklkh kfj cfkbh lcebfgtf, `hrtljfabfgkh ugl aujturl fahjñobalalplz kf kfchstrlr quf Fstlkh, ahcugbklk y fcprfsl pufkfg ahgvbvbr fg lrchgãl,ahg phjãtbals kf prhtfaabñg lcebfgtlj y kf bgajusbñg shablj.

Ylrquf Fahjñobah Cbgfrh fstì uebalkh fg jl zhgl kfj Afrrh Nujb, kbstrbth kf Nlaheh Mugtfr, y tbfgf ug ìrfl kf <5,999 c5.

jfs4 ugl zhgl kf fxmbebabñg tfa-ghjhoãl plrl fcprfsls y, ̀ b-gljcfgtf, ug ìrfl kfstbglkll jl bgvfstbolabñg, khgkf sfprfsfgtlrì shjuabhgfs lj prh-ejfcl kf jl cbgfrãl bg`hrclj.

Fsh gh fs thkh. Jl hrolgb-zlabñg lsfourñ quf fj prhyfath tlcebâg pfrcbtbrì klrl ahghafr ug ahgnugth kf sh-juabhgfs plrl jhs prhejfclslcebfgtljfs fg jls bgkustrbls fxtrlatbvls. Yhr fnfc-pjh> jl fjbcbglabñg kf lrsâgb-ah y lgtbchgbh fg ahgafgtrl-khs kf aherf, fj trltlcbfgthkf f`jufgtfs prhkuath kf jlfxpjhtlabñg kf mbkrhalreu-

rhs y kf jl cbgfrãl, abfrrf kfcbgls hptbcbzlkh, rfvljhrbzl-abñg kf tfrrfghs y jl rf`hrfs- tlabñg, ahgvfrsbñg kf plsbvhs lcebfgtljfs fg latbvhs,fgtrf htrhs.

Qf fspfrl quf lj vbsbtlr fjYlrquf Fahjñobah gh shjh sfplsf ug chcfgth kf slghfgtrftfgbcbfgth, sbgh qufjl fxpfrbfgabl sbrvl plrl jl thcl kf ahgsabfgabl y fj ah-ghabcbfgth kf jls phsbebjbkl-kfs kf ofgfrlr latbvbklkfsfahgñcbalcfgtf rfgtlejfsquf lahcplüfg lj kfslrrh-jjh kf jls ahcugbklkfs kfsu fgthrgh y lj aubklkh kfjcfkbh fg fj quf sf kfslrrh-jjlg.

Yhr þjtbch, sf suph quffj ljaljkf kf jl prhvbgabl kfLrfqubpl ml chstrlkh bgtf-râs fg rfpftbr fj chkfjh fg

abgah kbstrbths cìs, plrl jhaulj Yrhfscbg ml prfvbsthrfljbzlr ljblgzls ahg rfprf-sfgtlgtfs kfj Cbgbstfrbh kfjLcebfgtf y kfj Cbgbstfrbh kfFgfroãl y Cbgls.



Jl Krl. Cbrblg Clclgb kbstrbeuyf stbfcph fgtrf jl khafgabl ugbvfrsbtlrbly jl prfsfgtlabñg kf trlelnhs tâagbahfg fvfgths kf prbcfr gbvfj. Fg bclofgsf jf lprfabl kurlgtf jl prfsfgtlabñgkf fstl bgvfstbolabñg fg fj þjtbch YrhFxpjh 59<1. Yufkf ahgtlatlr l jl Krll trlvâs kfj sboubfgtf f-clbj> ccbrblIowko.kf

BG[UHKVAABÑG

Jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs prhcfkbhfg jl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj supfrbhrkf jhs fjfcfgths rlkblatbvhs shg>V (5 ppc), [m (<9 ppc), D (5.=%)

y fj ahgtfgbkh kf QbH5 (0<.6%) ([l-ejl <4 Yjlgt ft lj., <222). Fsths fjf-cfgths shg ljtlcfgtf bgahcpltb-

ALULA[FUÃQ[BALQ OFH\VÃCBALQ R CF[LJHOFKFJ [BYH MMYO (MBOM MFL[ YUHKV

[rlelnh tâagbah fsarbth fspfabljcfgtf plrl Cugkh Cbgfrh phr jl Krl. Cbrblg Clclgb, ahgsujthrl kfj Ljfclgbl y khafgtf kf jhs Yrhorlcls kf Clfstrãl kf jl Vgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj kf Bgofgbfr

ejfs y prhkuafg aljhr <.1= *<9 -0

_c-1 (@bo. < y [lejl <).Fstf aljhr sf ofgfrl l plrtbr

kf jl fgfroãl prhkuabkl phr fj kf-albcbfgth kf jhs fjfcfgths rlkbla-

tbvhs y fs fg jl plrtf kf jl ahrtfzlsupfrbhr kf jhs ahgtbgfgtfs (mttp>//flrtmrf`.hro/OFUCUK/kltlchkfj/) quf jls `rlaabhgfs orlg-

kfs kf `junhs kf aljhr pufkfg of-gfrlr sbstfcls mbkrhtfrcljfs. Fjkfalbcbfgth kf fgfroãl kf jhs fjf-cfgths rlkblatbvhs fs ugl ̀ ufgtff`fatbvl kf aljhr y fg jl fsaljl kfj

tbfcph ofhjñobah fj aljhr rlkbhoâ-gbah prhvbfgf kfj kfalbcbfgth kfaultrh bsñthphs, ahg ugl vbkl cf-kbl kf <92 lühs. Fsths bsñthphs shg51=V, 516V, 515[m y ;9D. Fj phtlsbh(D) fs ug fjfcfgth quf prhkuaf`ufrtfcfgtf aljhr, fstl ahgtfgbkhprbgabpljcfgtf fg ̀ fjkfsplths ph-

tìsbahs y `fjkfsplthbkfs (jfuabtl,gf`fjbgl). Fsths cbgfrljfs sf `hr-clg fg rhals kb`frfgablkls (b.f.,ahcphsbabhgfs kfj tbph orlghkbhrb-

tls-klabtls y orlgbths-rbhjbtls) y ah-rrfsphgkfg l kb`frfgtfs sfrbfs

clocìtbals (thjfãtbals, aljahljal-jbgls, ljaljbgls y pfrljaljbgls) rfjl-abhglkls l kb`frfgtfs tbphs kf kf-pñsbths cbgfrljfs (@bo. 5).

Qfoþg [yjfr (5990) ug orlgbthMMYO tãpbah ahgtbfgf V (59 ppc),[m (69 ppc), D (;%)4 pufkf ofgf-rlr afral kf <9c_/c1. Elslkhfg fsl algtbklk kf fgfroãl CaJl-rfg ft lj. (<222) lsucf quf jhsorlgbths MMY pufkfg klr rfsujtl-kh l khs sbstfcls mbkrhtfrcljfs><. Kfebkh lj aljhr lkvfatbvh alu-

slkh phr jl bgtrusbñg.5. Kfebkh lj kfalbcbfgth rlkbhoâ-

gbah kf jhs fjfcfgths quf prh-kuafg aljhr y quf fstìg ahgtf-gbkhs fg fj orlgbth.Fj prbcfrh aluslrì ugl lghcl-

jãl tfrclj orlgkf ljrfkfkhr kfj bg- trusbvh, aluslgkh ug cftlchr`bs-

ch tfrclj y aljfgtlcbfgth kf ̀ jub-khs cftfñrbahs y/h ̀ jubkhs ahggl- ths mlstl vlrbhs dbjñcftrhs kbstljkf jl bgtrusbñg. Fg fj sfougkh alshjhs ̀ jubkhs mbkrhtfrcljfs abraujlrìgcuamh tbfcph kfspuâs quf jls bg-

trusbhgfs orlgãtbals sf mlylg fg-`rblkh y arbstljbzlkh y fsth sf kfef-rì l jl ljtl ahgafgtrlabñg kf V,[m y D, prhkuabfgkh su`babfgtf tfc-pfrlturl phr kfalbcbfgth rlkbhoâ-gbah y lsã pfrcbtbr jl ahgtbgulabñgkf jl abraujlabñg mbkrhtfrclj ku-rlgtf ug pfrãhkh kf tbfcph. Jhsfstukbhs kf orlgbths MMY fg Lus-

trljbl (Eurgsbkf orlgbtf, CaJlrfgft lj. <222) mlg kftfrcbglkh qufkfspuâs kf 59 y ;9 Cl quf sf`hrcñ fj orlgbth sf sfouãl tfgbfg-kh mbkrhtfrcljbsch f bgajush sffxtfgkãl mlstl <9 dc kbstlgtf kfj

ehrkf kf jl bgtrusbñg.Fg fj Yfrþ tfgfchs cuamhs rh-als ãogfls quf sf lprhxbclg l fs-

tls alrlatfrãstbals kf jhs orlgbthskfj tbph MMY (@bo. 1, ;, 6, 0) y fgljoughs alshs fstìg rfjlabhglkhsl sbstfcls mbkrhtfrcljfs ahg abr-aujlabñg kf ̀ jubkhs kãstljfs y prhxb-cljfs (@bo. 0), pfrh mlstl lmhrlgh sf mleãl rfljbzlkh ugl rfjlabñgkf jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf D-[m-Vkf jls kb`frfgtfs rhals ãogfls kfjhs kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs cìs bcphr-

tlgtfs ̀ hrclkhs fg kb`frfgtfs pf-rãhkhs ofhjñobahs, y tlcphah sf

tbfgf eladorhugk fg jls kb`frfgtfsrhals ãogfls `hrclkls kfskf jlsuekuaabñg kfj Hrkhvãabah fg jlclrofg ahgtbgfgtlj latbvl.

Fs phr fstl rlzñg, quf fj prf-sfgtf trlelnh cufstrl jls alrlatf-

rãstbals ofhquãcbals kf ljoughs orl-gbths y rhals vhjaìgbals `âjsbalsquf l`jhrlg fg gufstrh tfrrbthrbh

y kbsautf fg quf pfrãhkh ofhjñobah

sf `hrclrhg prbgabpljcfgtf fstf tbph kf rhals y elnh quf ahgtfxthofhtfatñgbah, y auljfs shg jls ahg-afgtrlabhgfs kf V y [m fg jhs kf-pñsbths cbgfrljfs ̀hrclkhs kurlg-

tf fj Abajh Lgkbgh.@bgljcfgtf, rfahcbfgkl ahgsb-

kfrlr jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf fsths fjfcfgths kurlgtf jls ftlplskf fxpjhrlabñg kf kfpñsbths cbgf-rljfs clocìtbah-mbkrhtfrcljfs,phrquf fstls ahgafgtrlabhgfs jfslyuklrìg l kb`frfgablr ljtfrlabh-gfs mbkrhtfrcljfs kãstljfs y prh-

xbcljfs.

UFQVJ[LKHQ

Fg jhs kblorlcls kf jls @bourl

; sf hesfrvl quf ofgfrljcfgtf fjahgtfgbkh kf D 5H bgarfcfgtl ahgfj bgarfcfgth kf QbH5, fxafpth fgjls rhals bgtfrcfkbls kf jl sfrbfclocìtbal pfrljaljbgl kfj [rlslr-ah Nurlsbah, khgkf jhs vljhrfs puf-kfg jjfolr mlstl <9% kf D 5H kfeb-kh lj ljth ahgtfgbkh kf ̀ fjkfsplthb-kfs. Cuamls rhals ãogfls kf kb`f-rfgtfs fklkfs ofhjñobals supfrlgfj ahgtfgbkh prhcfkbh kf D 5H kfjl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj supfrbhr.

Jhs vljhrfs cìs elnhs kfj ahgtfgbkh kf D 5H sf klg fg jls rhalskfj Nurlsbah y Arftlabah, fstls ah-rrfsphgkfg l lqufjjls `hrclklsfg fj ̀ rfgtf kfj lrah y shg kf ahc-phsbabñg thjfãtbal y aljahljaljbgl,kurlgtf fstf pfrãhkh fj râobcfg

tfatñgbah frl kbstfgsbvh, fj phr-afgtlnf kf ahgtlcbglabñg ahrtb-

alj kf jhs clocls `uf cãgbcl hgujl.Ylrl fj oruph kf rhals ̀ hrcl-

kls fg fj Hjbohafgh, Cbhafgh y Yjbh-afgh gh sf tbfgf vljhrfs elnhs kfD 5H, y fj bgarfcfgth kf D 5H ahgfj lucfgth kf QbH5 fs cuy ghth-rbl, sbfgkh ofgfrljcfgtf kf cf-kbh l ljth fj ahgtfgbkh y prfkhcb-glg jhs clocls aljahljaljbghs fgfj lrah ̀ rhgtlj y ljaljbghs fg fj trl-slrah clocìtbah. Fj râobcfg tfa-

tñgbah prbgabplj kurlgtf fsths pf-rãhkhs ̀uf ahcprfsbvh y fs ahgtfc-phrìgfh ahg jhs alcehs erusahsfg fj fspfslcbfgth ahrtbalj kf jhsLgkfs.

Qbcbjlrcfgtf, fg jl @bourl 6 sfhesfrvl quf jls ahgafgtrlabhgfskf [m bgarfcfgtlg ahg fj lucfg-

th kf QbH5, fstf pltrñg sf hesfrvl

plrl thkls jls rhals bgkfpfgkbfg tfcfgtf kf jl fklk ofhjñobal kf`hrclabñg, y tlcebâg supfrlg jlahgafgtrlabñg prhcfkbh kf [m kfjl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj supfrbhr. Jlsahgafgtrlabhgfs cìs ljtls sf hesfrvlg fg jls rhals kfj Yârcbah[rbìsbah, Arftìabah, YljfhafghFhafgh, Hjbohafgh y Cbhafgh. Jlsahgafgtrlabhgfs cìs elnls sf prfsfgtlg fg jls rhals kfj Nurìsbah

y Arftìabah ̀ hrclkls fg fj `rfgtkf lrah. Fg fj oruph kf jls cufs trls kfj Hjbohafgh y Cbhafgh ghsf ml rfphrtlkh vljhrfs elnhs kf[m.

Yhr htrh jlkh, fg jl @bourl 0 sfhesfrvl quf V bgarfcfgtl erusalcfgtf fg jls rhals cìs kb`frfgablkls (701% QbH5). Jls ahgafg

trlabhgfs cìs ljtls ahrrfsphgkfgl jls rhals kfj Yârcbah, [rbìsbahYljfhafgh, Hjbohafgh y CbhafghJls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf V shg el

nls fg jls rhals kfj Nurìsbah y Arf tìabah lj boulj quf jls elnls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf D 5H y [m.

Htrh oruph bcphrtlgtf ahg lj tls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf V y [m shgjls rhals ̀ hrclkls fg fj Yljfhafgh, fstls ahrrfsphgkfg l lqufjjls`hrclkls fg fj `rfgtf kf lrah.

UFQVCFG

Fg jhs Lgkfs sf tbfgfg cuamhs l`jhrlcbfgths kf rhals ãogfls elstlgtf kb`frfgablkls (7 01 QbH5) sbcbjlrfs lj tbph MMYO (Mbom Mflt Yrh-kuabgo Orlgbtfs), fstls rhals tbfgfg kb`frfgtfs fklkfs ofhjñobals y fs-

tìg rfjlabhglkls l kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs Qg-Au, Lo-Ye-^g-Ye, V, Au-_(f.o., fg Yfrþ4 Qlg Ul`lfj, Ylsth Eufgh, Ahrlgb) y fstìg uebalkhs ljfxtrfch sur kf jl Ahrkbjjfrl Hrbfgtlj y lj ghrtf kfj Elthjbth kf jl Ahr-kbjjfrl Ejlgal. Fg elsf lj prhafslcbfgth ofhquãcbah kf jl elsf kf kl-

ths kf jbthofhquãcbal kf LGKFQKL[L (71999 cufstrls, Vgbvfrsbklkkf Oðttbgofg, Ljfclgbl), OFHUHAD (;999 cufstrls, Vgbvfrsbklk kfClbgz, Ljfclgbl), OBQLGKFQ (7=999 cufstrls, Qfrvbabh Ofhjñobah kf@rlgabl), OFHAL[CBG (75999 cufstrls, Qfrvbabh Ofhjñobah kf Yfrþ)sf kfcufstrl quf fsths orlgbths y rhals vhjaìgbals ̀ âjsbals ahrrfsphg-kfg l kb`frfgtfs sfrbfs clocìtbals (thjfãtbals, aljah-ljaljbgls, ljaljbgls

y pfrljaljbgls) y quf fstf tbph kf rhals tlcebâg pufkfg fstlr rfjlabh-glkhs l ljtls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf Lu, Lo, Au, ^g, Ch, V y UFF, lkf-cìs ̀lvhrfafg jl abraujlabñg kf ̀ jubkhs mbkrhtfrcljfs l orlgkfs kbstlg-abls kf jls bgtrusbhgfs y rhals vhjaìgbals elstlgtf kb`frfgablkls.

[lejl <.- Kbstrbeuabñg kf fjfcfgths rlkblatbvhs (ppc)fg jl tbfrrl y su prhkuaabñg kf aljhr (Yjlgt ft lj., <222). Pfr fj prhcfkbh plrl jl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj supfrbhr.

@bourl <.- Pljfgabl vfrsus Ulkbh Bñgbah (Æ). V y [m shg fjfcfgths bgahcpltbejfs f bgcñvbjfs fg loul, cbfgtrls quf D fs cñvbj fg loul.

@bourl 5.- Fsqufcl ofgfrljbzlkh quf rfjlabhgl jl ahcphsbabñg kf jhs orlgbthy fj fstlkh kf hxbklabñg kf jhs clocls ahg jl lshablabñg kf cftljfs y tbphs kkfpñsbths cbgfrljfs rfjlabhglkhs l bgtrusbvhs (chkb`balkh kfspuâs kf Elrthg<220).

<1; Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1



QBQ KF JLQ UHALQ ÃOGFLQGO OULGB[FQ)tlcfgth kf Ofhquãcbal kf jl Vgbvfrsbklk kf Oðttbgofg,Vgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj Clyhr kf Qlg Clrahs.

HGAFG[ULABHGFQ KFV ‑ [m ‑ QbH5 FG

ABCBFG[HQ CLOCÌ[BAH-MBKUH[FUCLJFQ

lrl fstl sfaabñg sf ml sfjfa-lkh jls rhals ãogfls rfjlabh-s l kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs bc-lgtfs, fsths ahrrfsphgkfg ljjhs ̀ hrclkhs kurlgtf fj Abajhgh y vlg kfskf <;6 Cl l =y fstìg rfjlabhglkhs l kb`frfg-aurrfgabls cftìjbals (@bo. ?).alrlatfrãstbal fg ahcþg qufg fsths kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs

uf fj sbstfcl clocìtbah prf-

sfgtl ugl zhglabñg ghrclj (kfskfcì`bah l jhs ehrkfs mlstl `âjsbahmlabl jl plrtf afgtrlj) y jl latbvb-klk kfj sbstfcl ̀ bgljbzl ahg latbvb-klk kf clocls cì`bahs. Fj trlgs-phrtf kf jl cbgfrljbzlabñg fstl jb-olkl prbgabpljcfgtf l jhs cloclscìs ̀ âjsbahs kfj sbstfcl. Jls ahg-afgtrlabhgfs kf V-[m-D kf fsthskfpñsbths lyuklrìg l fgtfgkfr fj

trlgsphrtf kbstlj h prhxbclj kf jhs`jubkhs mbkrhtfrcljfs. Fs phr fshbcphrtlgtf ahghafr fstls rfjlabh-gfs fg jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf [m-V fg fsths kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs(@bo. ?).

Jls rhals rfjlabhglkls l jhskfpñsbths cbgfrljfs prbgabpljcfg-

tf tbfgfg ahgtfgbkhs kf QbH 7 01%,jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf [m vlrãlgfgtrf ; y 51 ppc f bgarfcfgtlgahg fj lucfgth kf QbH5, y V vlrãlfgtrf 5 y 6 ppc, phr jh tlgth, su-pfrlg jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs prhcf-kbh kf jl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj supf-rbhr (@bo. ?).

Jhs kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs quf tbfgfg ljtls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf V y [m sboufg ugl aurvl phsbtbvl, fstl aurvl bgkbal fj bgarfcfgth kfjaljhr târcbah ofgfrlkh phr jhs fjf-cfgths rlkblatbvhs kurlgtf cuamh

tbfcph. Lqufjjhs quf sf uebqufg fgjl plrtf supfrbhr kf jl aurvl ̀ lvh-rfafrìg jl abraujlabñg kf `jubkhsmbkrhtfrcljfs kãstljfs. Cbfgtrlsquf jhs quf sf uebqufg fg jl plrtfbg`frbhr kf jl aurvl ̀ lvhrfafrìg jlabraujlabñg kf ̀ jubkhs mbkrhtfrcl-jfs prhxbcljfs. Fg jl `bourl kf V

vfrsus [m sf hesfrvl quf jls rh-als rfjlabhglkls l jhs kfpñsbthscbgfrljfs kf Amualplal, Chrhah-aml, Jhs Aljlths, Afrrh Pfrkf yAulnhgf rfsljtlg jl ljtl ahgafg-

trlabñg quf tbfgfg fg [m, fsth kf-ebkh l quf fsths clocls sf ahg-

tlcbglrhg ahg rhals rbals fg [mkf jl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj supfrbhr.Cbfgtrls lqufjjls quf tbfgfg vljh-rfs elnhs fg [m ahch jls rhals kfjhs kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs kf Rlgl-ahaml, Cbjph-Ltlahaml y JlouglsGhrtf sf ahgtlcbglrhg ahg rhalspherfs fg [m. Fsplabljcfgtf fs-

ths kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs ahg ljtlahgafgtrlabñg kf [m fstìg uebal-khs lj sur kf Yfrþ y lqufjjhs ahgelnl ahgafgtrlabñg kf [m fstìg ueb-alkhs fg fj afgtrh y ghrtf kf Yf-rþ. [hkh fsth bgkbalrãl quf jhs ahg-

tlcbglgtfs ahrtbaljfs lj sur shgkbstbgths kfj afgtrh y ghrtf kf Yfrþ.Ylrl ahrrhehrlr fstl rfjlabñg

kf V y [m sf usl jl rfjlabñg kf jls

rlzhgfs kf [m/[bH5 vfrsus R/[bH5, phrquf jls ahgafgtrlabhgfskf [bH5 f R kbscbguyfg fg jls rh-als cìs kb`frfgablkls y lsã sf ph-krì rfsljtlr jls ahgafgtrlabhgfskf [m (@bo. ? y @bo. =).

Jl @bourl 2 cufstrl fstl rf-jlabñg y f`fatbvlcfgtf sfplrl lquf-

jjls rhals quf fstìg rfjlabhglklsl abraujlabñg kf ̀ jubkhs mbkrhtfrcl-jfs kãstljfs y prhxbcljfs. Fsth fx-pjbalrãl phrquf ljoughs kfpñsbthskf cbgfrljfs fstìg rfjlabhglkhsl aufrphs kf rhals ãogfls quf bgsbtu shg fstârbjfs y kãstljfs (fg jlsrhals muâspfk) `lvhrfafg jl `hr-clabñg kf cbgfrljfs fahgñcbahs.

AHGAJVQBHGFQ

Jhs prhafshs kf kb`frfgablabñgkf jls rhals ãogfls shg cfkbhsf`fatbvhs plrl ahgafgtrlr V y [mfg jl ujtbcl ftlpl rfsbkulj kf jhsclocls `hrclkhs fg ugl clr-ofg ahgtbgfgtlj latbvl.

Jhs cbgfrljfs quf ahgtbfgfg ljtls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf fsths fjf-cfgths shg jls bjjbtls, ̀ fjkfsplths,

`fjkfsplthbkfs, zbrahg y lpltbth.Jl rhals ãogfls cìs kb`frfgabl-kls kfj Yfrþ, fstìg fgrbqufabklsfg jhs fjfcfgths kf [m-V-D.

l 1.- L) Clpl quf cufstrl jl kbstrbeuabñg fsplablj kf jls ahgafgtrlabñg kf QbH5 (701%wt) fg rhal thtlj. E) Clpl l kbstrbeuabñg fsplablj kf jl fklk ofhjñobal kf jls cufstrls. Jhs phjãohghs kf ahjhrfs ahrrfsphgkfg l jhs clyhrfs lcbfgths kf bgtrusbvhs (Clclgb ft lj., 59<5). A) Clpl ahg jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf [m (ppc) fg rhal thtlj. K) Cl- g jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf V (ppc) fg rhal thtlj (Clclgb ft lj. 59<5).

@bourl ;.- Kblorlcl kf jls ahgafgtrlabñg kf QbH 5 vfrsus D 5 H.Fj alcph orbs l jl elsf kf jhs kblorlcls rfprfsfgtl fj ahgtfgbkh prhcfkbh kf D 5 H fg jl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj supfrbhr.

@bourl 6.- Kblorlcl kf jls

ahgafgtrlabñg kf QbH 5 vfrsus [m

(ppc). Fj alcph orbs l jl elsf kf

jhs kblorlcls rfprfsfgtl fj

ahgtfgbkh prhcfkbh kf [m

fg jl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj

supfrbhr (AAQ).Jls ljtls

ahgafgtrlabhgfs supfrlg 6 vfafs l jl ahgafgtrlabñg

kf jl AAQ.


<16



Uhtltbvl Ofhjñobal Uhtltbvl

Ofhjñobal

Jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf [m shg 6 vfafs clyhr,jls kf V shg <9 vfafs clyhr, y jls kf D shg 1 vf-afs clyhr quf jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf jl ahrtfzlahgtbgfgtlj supfrbhr.

Fg elsf lj lgìjbsbs tfcphrlj kf jls ahgafgtrlabh-gfs kf V-[m-D, fj bgarfcfgth fg jls ahgafgtrlabh-gfs sf kl prbgabpljcfgtf fg jls rhals ãogfls ̀ hr-clkls kurlgtf fj Hjbohafgh y Cbhafgh, cftljhof-gâtbalcfgtf fsth fs bcphrtlgtf phrquf fs ug vfa-

thr prbgabplj fg jl kb`frfgablabñg ahrtbalj kf jl prh-kuaabñg kf aljhr târcbah, phr jh tlgth, fstf râob-cfg târcbah fg fj Hjbohafgh y Cbhafgh tuvh qufmlefr bg`jufgablkh ùfrtfcfgtf fg jl abraujlabñgkf `jubkhs mbkrhtfrcljfs rfjlabhglkhs l fstls rh-als kb`frfgablkls.

\ubzìs l fstf pugth thal mlafrsf jl sboubfgtfprfougtl.¸L quf sf kfef fj bgarfcfgth ùfrtf kf jls

ahg-afgtrlabhgfs kf V-[m-D fg jls rhals ãogfls

ALULA[FUÃQ[BALQ OFH\VÃCBALQ RCF[LJHOFGFQBQ KF JLQ UHALQ ÃOGFLQ KFJ[BYH MMYO (MBOM MFL[ YUHKVABGO OULGB[FQ)

`hrcl-kls fg fj Hjbohafgh y Cbhafgh8Jhs sbstfcls ahg clocls kb`frfgablkhs rfqubf-

rfg ahgstlgtfcfgtf lkbabñg kf fgfroãl (aljhr), cìslug sb sf `hrclg fg ugl ahjucgl ahrtbalj fspfslahch fs fj alsh kf jhs Lgkfs (16 l ?9 dc kf fs-pfshr). Fstf aljhr prhelejfcfgtf kfrbvl kf jl ahg-

vfrofgabl kf jls pjlals, fj bgarfcfgth kf tfcpfrlturl kfskf fj Hjbohafgh ahrrfsphgkf l jhs pfrãhkhskf lafjfrlabñg fg jl ahgvfrofgabl kf jl pjlal kfGlzal (Ylrkhalsls & Chjolr, <2=?), `labjbtlgkhlsã jl ̀ usbñg ahrtbalj, ̀ hrclabñg kf orlgbths y rhals

vhjaìgbals ̀ âjsbals y ahcebglkh ahg htrhs ̀ lathrfs tfatñgbahs y ajbcìtbahs ̀labjbtl jl ahcprfsbñg jltfrlj(`hrclabñg kf jhs Lgkfs, pjfolcbfgth y ̀ ljjlcbfgthkf jls rhals), y ug kfarfabcbfgth fg jl tfcpfrlturlahrrfsphgkfrãl l jl kbscbguabñg fg jl ahgvfrofgabllahcplülkh phr fj fg`rblcbfgth ahrtbalj, arbstljbzl-abñg kf jhs clocls y ug lnustf orlvbtlabhglj. Ylrljhs orlgbths kfj Yfrch-[rbìsbah tlcebâg sf tfgkrãlquf lsucbr quf sf `hrclrhg elnh sbcbjlrfs ahgkb-abhgfs, y jl lgltfxbs (ùsbñg plrablj) prhelejfcfgtf`rlaabhgñ fj V y [m kfgtrh kfj ùgkbkh.

@bgljcfgtf, fs bcphrtlgtf ahgsbkfrlr fsths vljh-

rfs fg jhs fjfcfgths rlkblatbvhs plrl fgtfgkfr jlabraujlabñg kf ̀ jubkhs mbkrhtfrcljfs uebalkhs l orlg-kfs kbstlgabls kf jhs orlgbths y/h rhals vhjaìgbals`âjsbals ahg alrlatfrãstbals kfj tbph MMYO.

@bourl 0.- Kblorlcl kf jls ahgafgtrlabñg kf QbH 5 vfrsus V (ppc). Fj alcph orbs fg jhs kblorlcls ahrrfsphgkf lj vljhr prhcfkbh kf V (ppc) fg jl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj supfrbhr.

@bourl ?.- Kblorlcls kf jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf [m vfrsus QbH 5 , y V vfrsus [m plrl kb `frfgtfs kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs.Fj sãcehjh aruz kf ahjhr gforh ahrrfsphgkf lj vljhr prhcfkbh kf jl ahrtfzl ahgtbgfgtlj supfrbhr.

@bourl =.- Kblorlcl kfj ahgtfgbkh kf QbH 5 (wt%) vfrsus jls ahgafgtrlabhgfs kf [bH 5 (wt%) y R (ppc) plrl jls rhals ãogfls kf jhs kfpñsbths cbgfrljfs cìs bcphrtlgtfs kfj Yfrþ.

@bourl 2.- Kblorlcls kf kbsarbcbglabñg uslgkh jls rlzhgfs kf [m/[bH 5 vfrsus R/[bH 5 . Fsths vljhrfs sf uslg lj kftfrcbglr fj alcph kf jl abraujlabñg kf ̀ jubkhs mbkrhtfrcljfs kãstljfs y prhxbcljfs. Fg fj alcph orbs târcbalcfg- tf sf tfgkrì clyhr prhkuaabñg kf aljhr y phr fsh ̀ lvhrfaf- rì jl clyhr abraujlabñg kf `jubkhs mbkrhtfrcljfs.


Kf laufrkh l ab`rls latuljbzlkls l jl qubgafglkf lohsth, fxbstfg ;,559 ahgafsbhgfs cbgfrlsfg ftlpl kf fxpjhtlabñg y 250 fg fxpjhrlabñg, jhquf fqubvljf l <.5% kfj sbstfcl kf aulkrãaujls lgbvfj glabhglj, sfüljñ fj bgofgbfrh Mfgry Jugl,Kbrfathr kf Altlstrh Cbgfrh kfj BGOFCCF[.

(69,05= sbg latbvbklk cbgfrl).Ufahrkñ quf kfskf fj 5991 aulgkh sf shjbabtl

@ugabhglrbh sfüljñ quf fj altlstrh cbgfrh mlabl fj hatlvh cfs sf ahcphgf kf ;;,;6= kfrfamhs cbgfrhs tbtujlkhs, <9,691 fg trìcbtf, 15 ahg cfkbkl alutfjlr y ?; ahrrfsphgkbfgtfs l pjlgtls kf efgf- `babh y algtfrls.

Ahgafsbhgfs cbgfrls fqubvljfg l <.5% kfjsbstfcl kf aulkrãaujls l gbvfj glabhglj

Bgo. Mfgry Jugl, Kbrfathr kf AltlstrhCbgfrh kfj BGOFCCF[, bgkbañ quf mlstl fjcfs kf lohsth Lrfqubpl fs jl rfobñg qufcìs lphrtf rfabef phr kfrfamh kf vbofgabl.

ugl ahgafsbñg cbgfrl kfefbgvhjuarlrsf fj tfcl lc-ebfgtlj y shablj. ‚Qf lknugtllj fxpfkbfgtf fj ahcprh-cbsh quf prhcufvf fj fg-`hquf kfj kfslrrhjjh shstf-gbejf, jl fxafjfgabl lc-ebfgtlj y shablj, fj fcpjfhjhalj, fj kfslrrhjjh fahgñ-cbah y fj kbìjhoh ahgtb-guh–, lorfoñ.

Fxpjbañ quf phr alkl sh-jbabtuk fj tbtujlr kfef plolrVQ$ 1 sb pfrtfgfaf lj râob-cfg ofgfrlj, VQ$ < sb fspfqufüh prhkuathr cbgf-

rh, y cfkbh kñjlr sb fs prh-kuathr cbgfrh lrtfslglj.‚Fsth fs jh quf sf ahghafahch kfrfamh kf vbofgabl,quf BGOFCCF[ lkcbgbstrl y kbstrbeuyf l jls cu-gbabpljbklkfs kbstrbtljfs–,bgkbañ.

Fg fsf sfgtbkh, jl rfobñg quf rfabef clyhr lphrtf phr kfrfamh kf vbofgabl fs Lrfqubpl, sfoubklkf Alnlclral, Yugh y Jl Jbefrtlk. Jugl bg`hrcñquf fg jhs þjtbchs lühs, kfj 5990 l 59<5, sf mlgkbstrbeubkh Q/. =?5.260.<2? phr fsf ahgafpth.

Yhr htrh jlkh, bg`hrcñ quf lj cfs kf lohsth fjaltlstrh cbgfrh sf ahcphgf kf ;;,;6= kfrfamhscbgfrhs tbtujlkhs, <9,691 fg trìcbtf, 15 ahg cf-kbkl alutfjlr y ?; ahrrfsphgkbfgtfs l pjlgtls kfefgf`babh y algtfrls.

Fj BGOFCCF[ hthrol jls ahgafsbhgfs plrl jlbgvfstbolabñg kf prfsfgabl kf cbgfrljbzlabñg. Qbgfcelroh, fj ̀ ugabhglrbh rfaljañ quf plrl kfslrrh-jjlr latbvbklkfs kf fxpjhrlabñg y fxpjhtlabñg lgtfskfefg hetfgfrsf pfrcbshs phr fj tfrrfgh supfr`b-ablj, fj ush kf louls, y hetfgfr y lprhelr ug Fstukbhkf Bcplath Lcebfgtlj.

‚Fs gfafslrbh fj lsfshrlcbfgth ahg ofñjhohs,quf ahghzalg tfcls kf ofhkfsbl y thphorl`ãl,plrl rfobstrlr ahhrkfglkls kf jls zhgls cbgfrl-jbzlkls. Fsth pfrcbtbrì bkfgtb`balr jls aulkrãaujlsquf kfspuâs sf shjbabtlrìg ahch ahgafsbñg cbgf-rl–, sfüljñ Jugl.

Ylrl ̀ bgljbzlr, shstuvh quf plrl fj 59<; fspfrlgahgajubr ahg jl trlgs`hrclabñg kf jhs kfrfamhscbgfrhs kfj sbstfcl YQLK60 lj _OQ=;, y kf fslclgfrl sfl ahcpltbejf ahg fj Ohhojf Flrtm. Lsb-

cbsch, pjlgflg quf plrl fj prñxbch lüh fj LtjlsAltlstrlj Ofhjñobah Cbgfrh y Ufobhglj sf fgaufg- trf y sf latuljbaf vãl hgjbgf.




<1?

Fj loul aljbfgtf fxbstf fgcl glturlj kfskf jl arfl-g kfj ugbvfrsh, pfrh fj sfrclgh ml arflkh vlrbhstfcls plrl lelstfafrsfloul aljbfgtf y shg jhs sb-fgtfs> Aljfgtlkhrfs Fjâa-ahs plrl ug shjh pugth kfgsuch, aljfgtlkhrfs kf pl-

fjâatrbahs/fjfatrñgbahsujtbpugth, aljfgtlkhrfs kfsh l ols, aljfgtlkhrfs fjâa-ahs ahg tlgquf kf ljclaf-cbfgth, Aljfgtlkhrfs Qh-

fs y Qhjlrfs/Fjâatrbahsg tlgquf kf ljclafglcbfg-aljfgtlkhrfs l ols ahg

gquf kf ljclafglcbfgth.

[hkhs jhs lrtf`laths kfsarb-s sbg fxafpabñg tbfgfg vfg-ls y kfsvfgtlnls sfoþg sb-labhgfs quf fj usulrbh kf-lgljbzlr kf laufrkh l susafsbklkfs y kbsphsbabñgjuolr.

Fg fj Yfrþ jhs aljfgtlkh-s kf loul jhs ahghafchsch ‚[frcls– kfghcbgl-g quf sf ofgfrljbzñ ahch

rblgtf kf jl clral ‚[mfr-l– quf jjfoñ ahg fj fstlejf-cbfgth fg gufstrh plãs kffcprfsl fjâatrbal kbrbobkl

phr pfrshglj subzh f btljblghl ahcbfgzhs kfj sbojh ]].

Fj Yfrþ fs ug plãs cbgf-rh phr fxafjfgabl y tlgth jlslouls kfj suesufjh ahch jlkf jhs rãhs lrrlstrlg trlzlskf cbgfrljfs, lsã ahch tlc-ebâg ljtls algtbklkfs kf alr-ehglths kf aljabh y clogf-sbh, fxbobfgkh phr fjjh alrla- tfrãstbals fspfabljfs fg jls tfrcls tlgth bcphrtlkls ah-ch kf `lerbalabñg glabhglj

plrl shphrtlr kurfzls kfloul quf vlg kfskf jls 169YYC mlstl 2=9 YYC.

Yhr jh kfsarbth fg fj Yfrþjls fxbofgabls kf aljbklk shgclyhrfs quf fg plãsfs fgjhs auljfs fj ush kf lejlgkl-khrfs kf loul fs ofgfrljb-zlkh, gh kfebfgkh suphgfrquf thkls jls tfrcls quf sf`lerbalg h bcphrtlg rfþgfgjhs rfqubsbths kf ush fg gufstrh cfkbh khcâstbah, bgkustrblj y cbgfrh.

Qhjbabtlr jls alrlatfrãstb-

als tâagbals afrtb`balkls fsugl phjãtbal sljuklejf plrlhetfgfr tfrcls kurlejfs yclgtfgfr fj eufg prfstbobh

ALJFG[LKHUFQ KF LOVL ‚[FUCLQ–kfj lkqubrbfgtf.

Alrlatfrãstbal [âagbals rf-qufrbkls plrl ugl tfrcl ahg tlgquf kf ljclafglcbfgth, tlgth fjâatrbal ahch l ols>

[lgquf Bgtfrbhr

Fstf kfef sfr `lerbalkhahg lafrh fstruaturlj ahgghrcl tâagbal LQ[C L-10,shjklkh ahg fj sbstfcl CBO, tuehs kf loul Qtlgklrk pf-

slkhs y fj ahgnugth oljvlgb-zlkh phr bgcfrsbñg fg ^bga`ugkbkh l ;69hA plrl hetfgfr ug rfauerbcbfgth bgtfrbhr y fxtfrbhr kf <99 y<59 cbarls, prhtfobâgkhjhahgtrl jl ahrrhsbñg y fj ltl-quf kf alrehglth kf aljabh(Aljbamf) kfj loul. Jl prufelkf fstlgqufklk kfj tlgqufkfef sfr mfaml l <69 jberlskf prfsbñg cãgbcl.

Fj orhshr kfj lafrh kfefsfr 1 cc cãgbch mlstl ;.6cc, sfoþg fj tlclüh y/haìjaujh kf rfsbstfgabl kf cl-

tfrbljfs, kf jls prfsbhgfs kfloul y vlphr quf ml kf shphrtlr fj tlgquf y phr jl kurfzlkfj loul fg gufstrh cfkbh.

Lbsjlcbfgth [ârcbah

Kfef sfr Jlgl kf Pbkrbhkf ljtl kfgsbklk h phjburftl-gh fxplgkbkh, fg algtbklk su-`babfgtf plrl hetfgfr ug eufglbsjlcbfgth târcbah, thclg-kh sbfcprf fg aufgtl fj juolrkf kfstbgh kf jls tfrcls.

@ugkl Fxtfrbhr

Kfef sfr kf lafrh jlcbgl-kh fg ̀ rãh, ahg orhshr lahr-

kf lj tlclüh kfj lrtf`lathahg trltlcbfgth lgtbahrrhsb- vh y fscljtlkh mhrgflejf.

BcpjfcfgthsAljf`lathrfs kf Ahgtrhj

y Qfourbklk

Jls rfsbstfgabls fjâatrb-als, tfrchstlths h jhs quf-clkhrfs kf ols, sfoþg fjalsh, kfefg sfr afrtb`balkhsfg fj Yfrþ h fg fj plãs kf hrb-ofg.

Jl vìjvujl kf sfourbklk kf-ef sfr kf khejf f`fath (tfr-

ch cfaìgbal) bgstljlkl cì- xbch l <9 ac kf kbstlgablkfj tlgquf kf jl tfrcl, fgjl sljbkl kfj loul aljbfgtf.




BG[UHKVAABÑG

Fj prfsfgtf trlelnh tbfgf phr henftbvhahcprhelr jl lpjbalabñg kf jl bg`hrcìtbal

fg fj kbsfüh, ahgtrhj y hptbcbzlabñg kfugl rfk kf vfgtbjlabñg kf ugl cbgl cfal-gbzlkl. Fg fstf alsh sf mlaf ush kfj Qh`t-wlrf kf vfgtbjlabñg Pgft-YA, fj aulj fstlelslkh fg ug câthkh btfrltbvh kfslrrh-jjlkh phr Mlrky Arhss (<210) uslkh plrlrfshjvfr abraubths kf vfgtbjlabñg y hetfgfralukljfs kf lbrf y alãkls kf prfsbñg fg

thkl jl cbgl.

Fg rfljbklk jl fnfauabñg kf jlehrfscbgfrls rfqubfrf kf ug sbstfcl lkfaul-kh kf vfgtbjlabñg y lsã fvbtlr prhejfclskf hrkfg jfolj, shablj y fahgñcbah. Mhy,ahg ug ush bgtfgsh kf fqubphs l kbfsfjfs bcpfrltbvh tfgfr ug sbstfcl kf vfgtbjl-abñg fahgñcbah y f`babfgtf. Jl hpfrlabñgahgtbgul kf fstf sbstfcl pfrcbtbrì l jlofrfgabl clgtfgfr ahgkbabhgfs sljukl-ejfs fg jl cbgl y fvbtlr prhejfcls y laab-kfgtfs kf trlelnh phr olsflcbfgth kfj

pfrshglj kfebkh l ugl bglkfaulkl vfgtbjl-abñg.

Ghrcljcfgtf, fg fj plslkh cfkblth,fj kbsfüh kfj sbstfcl kf vfgtbjlabñg kf uglcbgl sf f`fatulel fg elsf l arbtfrbhs fc-pãrbahs, prìatbahs mlstl abfrth pugth, pf-rh ahsthshs. Mhy, ahg fj lkvfgbcbfgth kfprhorlcls kf ahcputlabñg, jhs kbsfühskf vfgtbjlabñg sf rfljbzlg uslgkh arbtfrbhscìs abfgtã`bahs, ahcplrlgkh ljtfrgltbvlskf vfgtbjlabñg y sfjfaabhglgkh vfgtbjlkh-rfs lkfaulkhs fg ug tbfcph ahrth. Fstlclgfrl kf fvljulr kb`frfgtfs kbsfühs al-sb sbcujtìgflcfgtf, pfrcbtf lj hpfrlkhrlgljbzlr ljtfrgltbvls y kbsfülr ug sbstfcl`jfxbejf, sfourh y fahgñcbah, fvbtlgkh kffstf chkh olsths bggfafslrbhs fg jl fnf-auabñg kf ambcfgfls kf kbìcftrhs bglkf-aulkhs, h fg jl bgstljlabñg kf vfgtbjlkhrfskf cfghr alplabklk. Ahg fj lvlgaf kf

jl bg`hrcìtbal sf mlg arflkh prhorlclsquf lyuklg l sbcujlr kbsfühs y kftfrcb-glr rfsujtlkhs prfabshs fg `hrcl clsrìpbkl ahg jhs auljfs fj bgofgbfrh pufkfprfkfabr fvfgths fg fj ̀ uturh y sb fs gfaf-slrbh chkb`balr su kbsfüh plrl jhorlr cf-

nhrfs rfsujtlkhs y sltbs`lafr jls kfclg-kls kf lbrf fg jl cbgl. Fj prhorlcl Pgft-YA, pfrcbtf arflr chkfjhs rfprfsfgtltb-

vhs kf jl cbgl, y ugl vfz aljberlkhs, ml-afr prhyfaabhgfs y kftfrcbglr fj gþcfrh

y tlclüh kf vfgtbjlkhrfs, y htrhs ahgtrh-jfs plrl ljalgzlr jhs henftbvhs kfj kbsfüh.Vgl vfz kbeunlkl jl rfk kf vfgtbjlabñg, fjprhorlcl rfqubfrf kf klths `ãsbahs kfcbgl (Qfaabñg, jhgobtuk, lspfrfzl kf jl-ehr, aluklj abraujlgtf fta.) y jhs rfqufrb-cbfgths kf lbrf plrl ofgfrlr ug chkfjh

y aljaujlr jl alãkl kf prfsbñg, kbrfaabñg y algtbklk kf ̀ junh kf lbrf fg alkl ahgkuath kf vfgtbjlabñg. Fsths rfsujtlkhs shg

kf cuaml bcphrtlgabl plrl fj kbsfüh kfjabraubth prbgabplj kf vfgtbjlabñg.

Aulgkh sf pjlgb`bal fnfautlr gufvlsjlehrfs yl sfl fg mhrbzhgtlj ñ prh`ugkbzl-abñg kf jl cbgl sf tbfgf quf pjlgb`balr

tlcebâg sus sfrvbabhs bgajuyfgkh jl vfg- tbjlabñg phr jh aulj fs gfafslrbh ahgtlrahg ugl mfrrlcbfgtl ahch fj prhorlcl

PgftYA quf sbcujf jh quf vl l plslr aulg-kh sf fnfautf kbamls jlehrfs. Lkfcìs, fjprhorlcl pufkf ofgfrlr klths quf puf-kfg sfr trlgs`frbkhs l htrhs prhorlclsuslkhs fg fj kbsfüh kf jl cbgl.

Jhs rfsujtlkhs hetfgbkhs cfkblgtf fjush kfj prhorlcl PgftYA shg ahcplrl-khs ahg jhs rfsujtlkhs kf jls cfkbabhgfs,rfljbzlgkh lnustfs fg jhs klths kf fgtrl-kl sb fxbstfg kbsarfplgabls clyhrfs. Fj

prhafkbcbfgth fs rfpftbkh mlstl hetfgfrrfsujtlkhs quf kb`bfrlg cuy phah kf jlscfkbabhgfs tlgth alukljfs ahch fg alãklkf prfsbhgfs.

YJLGFLCBFG[H KF PFG[BJLABÑG YLUL JL VGBKQLG AUBQ[ÑELJ - AÃL. CBGFUL PHJA

Yhr jhs Bgos. N. L. Ahrbclgyl kf jl Vgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj kf Bgofgbfrãl y @. U. Câgkfz Phjal

<.< Ufoujlabhgfs

Fg fj Yfrþ, jls hpfrlabhgfs cbgfrlsshg rfoujlkls phr fj sboubfgtf rfojlcfg-

th>q Ufojlcfgth kf sfourbklk y sljuk hau-plabhglj - Kfarfth Quprfch G¾ 966-59<9-FC.

Fj prfsfgtf rfojlcfgth tbfgf ahchhenftbvh prfvfgbr jl haurrfgabl kf bgabkfg-

tfs, laabkfgtfs y fg`frcfklkfs haupl-abhgljfs, prhchvbfgkh ugl aujturl kf prf-

vfgabñg kf rbfsohs jlehrljfs fg jl latbvb-klk cbgfrl. Ylrl fjjh sf aufgtl ahg jlplrtbabplabñg kf jhs trlelnlkhrfs, fcpjfl-khrfs y fj fstlkh, qubfgfs vfjlrìg phr suprhchabñg, kb`usbñg y aucpjbcbfgth.

Fj Aulkrh < cufstrl ug rfsucfg kflaabkfgtfs fg jls cbgls kfj Yfrþ plrl fjpfrbhkh 5992-59<<. Fstf aulkrh cufs-

trl tlcebâg jl bgabkfgabl kf ̀ lathrfs rfjl-abhglkhs l vfgtbjlabñg fg fj gþcfrh thtljkf laabkfgtfs.

Aulkrh <> Fstlkãstbal kf laabkfgtfsfg jl cbgfrãl kfj Yfru 5992-59<<

5 Cbgl Qlg Arbstñelj - Kfsarbpabñg[âagbal

5.< Vebalabñg

Jl cbgl kf Qlg Arbstñelj sf fgaufgtrluebalkl fg fj kbstrbth kf Rlujb, prhvbgablkfj cbsch ghcerf, kfplrtlcfgth kf Nu-gãg. Ofhorì`balcfgtf sf fgaufgtrl fg fj`jlgah fstf kf jl Ahrkbjjfrl Haabkfgtlj kfjhs Lgkfs afgtrljfs kfj Yfrþ4 l <<9 Dcfg jãgfl rfatl, kf jl abuklk kf Jbcl. Qusahhrkfglkls ofhorì`bals shg ?0¹ 96' kfjhgobtuk Hfstf, <<¹ ;1' kf jltbtuk Qur. Jlljtbtuk cfkbl kfj kbstrbth fs kf ;,?99 c.sherf fj gbvfj kfj clr (@bo. <.)

5.5 Câthkh kf Fxpjhtlabñg

Jl cbgl Qlg Arbstñelj prhkuaf fg prh-cfkbh ;699 thgs/kãl kf cbgfrlj ahg jf-

yfs fstbclkls kf 6.6 % kf ̂ g, kf <.6%kf Ye, 5 Hz kf Lo y 9.19 % kf Au. Fjcbgfrlj kf aherf fs fgvblkh l jl ahgafg-

trlkhrl kf jl cbgl Lgklyamloul plrl suahgafgtrlabñg fj rfsth kf jhs cbgfrljfsfs prhafslkh fg jl pjlgtl ahgafgtrlkhrlkf Pbathrbl y Clrm [þgfj.

Jl cbgl Qlg Arbstñelj fcpjfl fj câ- thkh kf ahrtf y rfjjfgh fg thkls sus jl-ehrfs kf fxpjhtlabñg yl sfl fg fstruaturl

Pftl, Clgth ñ aufrph cbgfrljbzlkh (@bou-

rl 5). Jls lefrturls kfnlkls phr jl fxtrla-abñg kfj cbgfrlj shg rfjjfglkls ahg jhs rf-jlvfs prhvfgbfgtf kf pjlgtl ahgafgtrlkh-rl prfvbl ajlsb`balabñg fg jhs abajhgfs. Fjkfschgtf prhvfgbfgtf kf sus kfslrrhjjhs

y fxpjhrlabhgfs fs tlcebâg utbjbzlkh plrlfj rfjjfgh.

Ylrl jl lpjbalabñg kf fstf câthkh sffcpjfl fqubphs cfalgbzlkhs, jl pfr`hrl-abñg sf rfljbzl ahg nuceh fjfatrh mbkrìujb-ah, lalrrfh ahg Qahhptrlc y fj trlgsphr-

tf sf rfljbzl ahg Kucpfr y alcbhgfs Phj- vhs, fj shstfgbcbfgth, sf rfljbzl fg ug=9% fg `hrcl cfalgbzlkl fcpjflgkhfqubphs rhehtbzlkhs (Murñg, Clgel).

Vgl vlrblgtf kf fstf câthkh kf fxpjh- tlabñg fs utbjbzlkl fg jhs gbvfjfs bg`frbh-rfs, fs kfabr sf qubfrf hptlr phr fj câth-

kh kf mugkbcbfgth phr suegbsuegbvfjfsahg elgahs kf hamh cftrhs (@bourl 1).Latuljcfgtf, jls jlehrfs fg jhs suegbvf-jfs sf fgaufgtrl fg ugl ftlpl kf prfpl-rlabñg. Jls jlehrfs bgajuyfg jl fnfauabñgkf khs rlcpls kbstlgablkls fg trfsabfg-

ths cftrhs. Kf jls rlcpls sljfg vlrbhserlzhs ñ laafshs plrl kfslrrhjjlr jhs tl-

nhs kf fxpjhtlabñg jhs auljfs shg fnfautl-khs fg cbgfrlj.

Qfoþg aìjaujhs kfj ìrfl kf pjlgfl-cbfgth ahg fstf câthkh sf jhorlrl rf-kuabr jhs ahsths kf pfr`hrlabñg, vhjlkurl

y shstfgbcbfgth ahgsbkfrlejfcfgtf.

1. Pfgtbjlabñg Cbgfrl

1.< Clpfh kf Pfgtbjlabñgfgtbjlabñg

Fj clpfh kf vfgtbjlabñg fs rfljbzlkh

phr khs oruphs kf trlelnlkhrfs fgtrfgl-khs fg jfvlgtlr cfgsurls kf vfgtbjlabñguslgkh lgfcñcftrhs, clgñcftrhs ypsbarñcftrhs (@bourl ;), y cfgsurls kfaljbklk kfj lbrf uslgkh kftfathrfs kf ol-sfs ahch Ylssphrt, Krloufr fta. Lkf-cìs, fsths trlelnlkhrfs kfefg sfr la-

tuljbzlkhs ahg jhs pjlghs kf jl cbgl y ah-

ghafr jhs abraubths prbgabpljfs y jhs ahgtrhjfs kf vfgtbjlabñg utbjbzlkhs plrl kbrbobrfj lbrf l jhs afgtrhs kf trlelnh.

Fj clpfh kf vfgtbjlabñg ofgfrljcfgtfahgsbstf kf jls sboubfgtfs latbvbklkfs>

q Clralr jls fgtrlkls y sljbkls prbgab-pljfs kf lbrf fg jl cbgl.

q [fgfr ahkb`balkls thkls jls fstlabhgfskf chgbthrfh bgkbalgkh jl sfaabñg kf

trlelnh, gbvfj lj quf pfrtfgfaf, fta.q Mlafr cfkbabhgfs kf alukljfs y prf-

sbhgfs kf lbrf fg jls prbgabpljfs fgtrl-kls y sljbkls kf lbrf, kftfrcbglr jlkbrfaabñg kfj `junh ahg jl ehcebjjl kfmuch fg ahgkuaths kf aluklj elnh, ycfkbr jl ahgafgtrlabñg kf jhs ahgtl-cbglgtfs kfj lbrf. [hkhs jhs klths kfalcph kfefg sfr lghtlkhs fg ugl jb-erftl y fg jhs pjlghs ahrrfsphgkbfg-

tfs.q Lghtlr fj fstlkh kf pufrtls, rfoujlkh-rfs, ahrtbgls kf vfgtbjlabñg, fstlkh kf

vfgtbjlkhrfs luxbjblrfs, clgols y pugths kf rfabraujlabñg kf lbrf.

q Lghtlr jl phtfgabl kf jhs chthrfs yfj gþcfrh kf fqubphs, pfrshglj kf trl-elnh phr turgh, fta.

q Clralr ajlrlcfgtf jls jlehrfs mhrb-zhgtljfs y vfrtbaljfs phr khgkf abraujlfj lbrf.

q Ahgajubkh fj jfvlgtlcbfgth kf plrìcf- trhs fg jl cbgl sf kfef kftfrcbglr fjeljlgaf kf fgtrlkls y sljbkls kf lbrf,eljlgaf quf gh kfef fxafkfr fg cìskf ug <9%.

Vgl vfz rfljbzlkh fj clpfh kf vfgtbjl-abñg sf kfef ahhrkbglr ahg jls ìrfls kfpjlgflcbfgth y ofhjhoãl sherf jl uebal-abñg kf jls gufvls jlehrfs kf prfplrlabñg

y fxpjhtlabñg y kftfrcbglr jhs rfqufrb-cbfgths kf gufvls ambcfgfls aruafrhs, vfgtbjlkhrfs fta. jhs auljfs lyuklrlg lclgtfgfr ugl eufgl vfgtbjlabñg fg jls

@bourl <.- Cbgl Qlg Arbstñelj.

@bourl 5.- Câthkh kf fxpjhtlabñg ahrtf y rfjjfgh fg `lsf kf prhkuaabñg.

@bourl 1.- Câthkh kf fxpjhtlabñg mugkbcbfgth phr suegbvfjfs.

Bzq. Bgo. Nhsâ Ahrbclgyl, Yrh`fshr Yrbgabplj kf jl Fsaufjl Yrh`fsbhglj kf Bgofgbfrãl kf Cb- gls kf jl VGB. Kfrfaml. Bgo. Uueâg Câgkfz, Nf`f kf Pfgtbjlabñg Ahrphrltbvh kf jl Vgbklk Rlujb, kf Cbgfrl Phjalg. Ahluthrfs prfsfgtlrhg bg`hrcf fg fj Qbcphsbh kf Pfgtbjlabñg kf Cbgls 59<5 kf jl Vgbvfrsbklk kf V[LM.




<12

YFUVLGL

. Cbgfrl Q.L.L.

hrfs ùturls.

5 @junhs kf Lbrf

Fj aluklj kfj lbrf fg ugl ambcfgfl fsrcljcfgtf cfkbkh lj pbf kf jl cbscl,clgkh ahch elsf jl oljfrãl kf jjfolkl.vfjhabklk kfj lbrf fs thclkl l ugltlgabl clyhr kf hamh cftrhs kfj pbfjl ambcfgfl ̀ ufrl kf jl zhgl kf tureu-

abl. Kurlgtf jl cfgsurl sf kfef cfkbrcebâg jl sfaabñg trlgsvfrslj kf jl oljf- Mlafr ugl cfkbabñg kf vfjhabklk uslg-lgfcñcftrhs fg jl cbscl ambcfgflfs ̀ latbejf, fs bgsfourl y pufkf rfsuj-fg cfkbkls bgfxlatls phr l jl bgahch-lk y tureujfgabl kfj lbrf. Aulgkh jlhabklk fs fjfvlkl, fs cìs prlatbah kf-cbglr fstl vfjhabklk kf jl prfsbñg kb-cbal uslgkh ugl clgñcftrh y ug tuehht. Vgl vfz ahghabkl jl vfjhabklk y sfa-g, fgthgafs ugh pufkf aljaujlr fj alu-kf lbrf quf abraujl phr jl ambcfgfl.

Jl vfjhabklk kf lbrf fg alsb thkls jlscfgfls quf sf tbfgf fg jl cbgl Qlgstñelj fstì kfgtrh kf jhs rlgohs kfhabklkfs pfrcbtbkls. Jls vfjhabklkfsxbcls shg ghrcljcfgtf cfkbkls fgfgtrlkls prbgabpljfs y fg ljougls kfbkls kf lbrf vbablkh.

Jl alãkl kf prfsbñg kfj lbrf fs ofgf-cfgtf kftfrcbglkl phr jfaturl kbrfatllgkh clgñcftrhs y tuehs Ybtht.

1 @rfgtfs y [lnhs

Fg fstls jlehrfs jl cfkbabñg kfj alu-kf lbrf fs cìs `ìabj kfebkh l quf sf

fkf cfkbr sfaabñg kf jlehr y vfjhabklklbrf kbrfatlcfgtf. Fg jhs ̀ rfgtfs abf-s, jl vfjhabklk kfj lbrf fs cfkbkh fg jlkl kfj cbsch y fg jhs laafshs ñ lgtfspbf kf ambcfgfl kf vfgtbjlabñg fg jhshs kf fxpjhtlabñg. Fg jl cbgl Qlg Arbs-elj, jl vfjhabklk kfj lbrf kfgtrh kf jhshs fstl sherf jhs 9.11 c/s (59 c/g), aucpjbâgkhsf ahg fj lrtãaujh 59;Ufojlcfgth kf Qfourbklk y Qljuk Hau-

abhglj cbgfrh K.Q. 966.

; Eljlgaf kf Alukljfs kf LbrfAhg lgtfrbhrbklk l jl pjlgb`balabñg sfh ugl cfgsurl kf alukljfs kf lbrf,kbfgkh vfjhabklkfs y sfaabhgfs fg jlsfrbls prbgabpljfs kf jl cbgl. Fstls cf-bhgfs ̀ ufrhg uslkls plrl kftfrcbglralukljfs kf lbrf tlgth fg jls fgtrlkls

ch fg jls sljbkls prbgabpljfs. Jhs alu-fs aljaujlkhs ùfrhg eljlgaflkhs fgkl bgtfrsfaabñg lgtfs kf sfr rfobstrl-s fg jhs jberhs. Fj Aulkrh 1 cufstrlgucfrh y jl phtfgabl kf jls clqubglsbzlkls, fj phrafgtlnf kf utbjbzlabñg kftls y jhs alukljfs rfqufrbkhs. Fg elsfhs klths.

Aulkrh 5. Ufsucfg kf Alukljfs

Jhs kftljjfs kf fstls cfkbabhgfs shgprfsfgtlkhs fg fj Lpâgkbaf <.

1.6 Alukljfs Ufqufrbkhs

Fj aluklj thtlj rfqufrbkh ̀ uf aljaujlkhfg elsf lj gþcfrh y jl phtfgabl kfj chthrkf jhs fqubphs l kbfsfj y fj gþcfrh kf

trlelnlkhrfs fcpjflkhs fg jl cbgl. Ylrlkftfrcbglr fj aluklj rfqufrbkh phr jlscìqubgls l kbfsfj sf utbjbzh ug `lathr kf9.96 c1/s (1c1/cbg) phr alkl MY kfjchthr. [hclgkh fg aufgtl quf fstls cì-qubgls gh shg hpfrlkls ahgtbgulcfgtf,fj aluklj lsã hetfgbkh ùf ahrrfobkh phrug `lathr kf kbsphgbebjbklk (K) quf vlrblahg jl utbjbzlabñg kfj fqubph. Fj aluklj rf-

qufrbkh phr fj pfrshglj ùf aljaujlkh fgelsf l ug aluklj cãgbch kf 9.< c1/s(0 c1/cbg) kf lbrf phr alkl trlelnlkhr.Vslgkh fstf `lathr y 5=9 trlelnlkhrfsphr turgh, fj aluklj rfqufrbkh phr fj pfr-shglj ljalgzl l 5= c1/s. Fj aluklj thtljfs suclgkh fj aluklj rfqufrbkh phr fjpfrshglj lj aluklj rfqufrbkh phr jhs fqub-phs. Fj aulkrh 1 cufstrl ug rfsucfg kfjaluklj kf lbrf rfqufrbkh plrl hpfrlr 2<clqubgls l kbfsfj ahg ugl phtfgabl lau-cujlkl kf 1<16 MY.

Fg elsf l jhs klths lgtfrbhrfs, fj alu-klj thtlj kf lbrf rfqufrbkh fg jl cbgl fskf 011.66 c1/s.

Aulkrh 1> Ufqufrbcbfgth kf lbrfplrl fqubphs l kbfsfj

Jl cbgl Qlg Arbstñelj aufgtl ahg <9 vfgtbjlkhrfs prbgabpljfs hpfrltbvhs ahg fj

sboubfgtf kftljjf>Lsbcbsch aufgtl ahg << vfgtbjlkhrfs

sfaugklrbhs plrl jls zhgls cls ljfnlkls.

1.0 Clgols kf Pfgtbjlabñg

Fg jl cbgl Qlg Arbstñelj sf utbjbzlgclgols kf `jfxbejfs kf 199 or/c5 kfjls sboubfgtfs kbcfgsbhgfs>

q Clgols kf 9.;6? c kf kbìcftrh>shg utbjbzlkls ahg vfgtbjlkhrfs kf;.?< c1/s kf aluklj fg jlehrfs quf

tbfgfg sfaabhgfs kf 5.; c x 5.; c.Fstls gh shg uslkls ahg `rfaufgabl,shjlcfgtf fg jlehrfs kf prfplrlabh-gfs y fg vftls lgohstls.

q Clgols kf 9.0< c kf kbìcftrh> shguslkls ahg vfgtbjlkhrfs kf 2.; c1/s kf aluklj fg jlehrfs kf 1 x 1 c kf

sfaabñg.q Clgols kf 9.?0 y 9.2<; c kf kbì-cftrh> shg utbjbzlkls fg jlehrfs kf prf-plrlabñg y kfslrrhjjh kf ; x ; c kfsfaabñg ahg jhgobtukfs supfrbhr l 199c Qhg utbjbzlkhs ahg vfgtbjlkhrfs kf<;.<0 c1/s, shg jls clgols cìsuslkls.

q Clgols fjãptbals> shg utbjbzlkls fg prhyfaths fspfabljfs fg rfahrtfs jlrohsahg jhgobtukfs supfrbhrfs l jhs <999c. Jhs kbìcftrhs cfghr y supfrbhr kffstls clgols shg kf 10 y <9= acrfspfatbvlcfgtf y su sfaabñg fs fqub-

vljfgtf l ugl clgol abraujlr kf <.15c kf kbìcftrh. Qhg utbjbzlkls ahg vfg-

tbjlkhrfs kf 5=.1< c1/s.

Jls clgols kftfrbhrlkls shg rf-fc-pjflkls phr fj pfrshglj kfj ìrfl kf vfg-

tbjlabñg kf jl fcprfsl Fj pfrshglj kf jhoãs-

tbal rfljbzl jls ahcprls kf laufrkh lj ahg-such cfgsulj. Fg fstl cbgl, fj ahgsuchkf clgols fs lprhxbclklcfgtf kf <999c phr cfs kf jhs auljfs jls clgols kf9.?6c y 9.2<c kf kbìcftrh shg jls cìsuslkls.

1.? Ahcpufrtls, Ufoujlkhrfs y [lph-

gfs kf Pfgtbjlabñg

Kfpfgkbfgkh kf jl algtbklk kf lbrfquf sf gfafsbtf fg ugl jlehr ñ gbvfj sfutbjbzlg ahcpufrtls y rfoujlkhrfs plrlkbrfaabhglr fj ̀ junh kf lbrf mlabl jls jleh-rfs kf lbrf trlelnh. Jhs tlphgfs shg usl-khs aulgkh fs gfafslrbh lbsjlr jlehrfslgtb-ouls (tlnhs, ambcfgfls, fta.) fsthplrl fvbtlr pârkbkls kf lbrf ̀ rfsah ñ fvb-

tlr fj bgorfsh kf lbrf aljbfgtf ahg vlphrfsfg jhs abraubth prbgabpljfs.

Jls ahcpufrtls shg ahgstrubkls ahgpjlgamls kf lafrh f bgstljlkls fg curhskf ahgarfth ahch sf cufstrl fg jl @bourl 6 y jhs rfoujlkhrfs shg ahgstrubkhs

kf ejhquftls kf afcfgth (@bourl 0).

;. Kbìcftrh Fahgñcbah kf jl Ambcf-gfl Yrbgabplj

Fg tfhrãl, fj kbìcftrh fahgñcbah kfug phzh h ambcfgfl fs kftfrcbglkh cbgb-cbzlgkh ugl ùgabñg kf ahsths. Fg jlprìatbal fj kbìcftrh fahgñcbah fs aljau-jlkh fg ùgabñg kf jhs sboubfgtfs plrì-cftrhs>

q Ufsfrvls kf cbgfrlj.q Fqubphs l kbfsfj utbjbzlkhs fg jl cbgl.q Alplabklk kf jhs vfgtbjlkhrfs y ahgsu-

ch kf fgfroãl fjâatrbal.

url ;.- Lgfcñcftrh uslkh fg cfgsurl kf ukljfs.

@bourl 6.- Ahcpufrtl kf vfgtbjlabñg.

@bourl 0.- Ufoujlkhr kf vfgtbjlabñg.

Aulkrh ;> Ufsucfg kf vfgtbjlkhrfsprbgabpljfs



Fj Aulkrh 6 cufstrl ugl plrtf kfjhs klths utbjbzlkhs fg jl ahgstruaabñg kfjchkfjh kf vfgtbjlabñg kf jl cbgl Qlg Arbs-

tñelj. Fj aulkrh cufstrl jhs plrìcftrhs

utbjbzlkhs plrl bkfgtb`balr 51 rlcljfs hahgkuaths kf lbrf uebalkhs fg fj gbvfj1;9. Jl rfsbstfgabl kf alkl rlclj (U)ùf aljaujlkl fg elsf l jls kbcfgsbhgfs`ãsbals kf alkl jlehr y ahf`babfgtfs kf`rbaabñg lkhptlkhs kf clguljfs y ahc-pfgslkhs phr ljturl.

6.1 Fnfauabñg kfj Yrhorlcl

Vgl vfz arflkh fj chkfjh, fj sboubfgtfplsh fs vfrb`balr su vljbkfz. Fj henftbvhfs ljalgzlkh ahcplrlgkh jhs rfsujtlkhshetfgbkhs phr fj sbcujlkhr ahg jhs klthscfkbkhs fg cbgl (ahrrfjlabñg). Ylrl ahg-sbkfrlr fj chkfjh ahch lafptlejf, fs rf-ahcfgklkh tfgfr ugl ahrrfjlabñg kfj6%. Qb jl ahrrfjlabñg fs clyhr quf fstfphrafgtlnf, fgthgafs fj chkfjh arflkhphr fj prhorlcl PgftYA gh fs lkfaulkh

y kfefr sfr rfvbslkh.

Ylrl vfrb`balr jl vljbkfz kfj chkfjh sfutbjbzl jl sboubfgtf faulabñg.

Jl faulabñg lgtfrbhr sbrvf plrl vfrb`b-alr jhs rfsujtlkhs hetfgbkhs tlgth fg clo-gbtuk ahch fg jl kbrfaabñg kf jhs alukljfscfkbkhs. Fg fj alsh kf jl cbgl Qlg Arbs-

tñelj sf hetuvh ugl ahrrfjlabñg kf 5.5%,bgkbalgkh quf jhs klths bgorfslkhs lj ch-kfjh shg ahg`blejfs y fj chkfjh pufkf sfrutbjbzlkh plrl mlafr prhyfaabhgfs y kftfr-cbglr jhs plrìcftrhs rfqufrbkhs plrlahcpjftlr fj kbsfüh kf vfgtbjlabñg kf jlcbgl.

6.1 Pfgtbjlkhrfs Yrbgabpljfs

Fj sbcujlkhr PgftYA ùf uslkh plrlkftfrcbglr fj gþcfrh y tlclüh kf jhs

vfgtbjlkhrfs prbgabpljfs plrl jl cbgl. Jl@bourl 2 cufstrl fj pugth kf hpfrlabñgkf ug vfgtbjlkhr prbgabplj fxtrlathrLjpmlbr uebalkh fg fj pbf kf jl ambcfgflUE560, Gv.?19. Fj vfgtbjlkhr tbfgf jls

sboubfgtfs alrlatfrãstbals>Aluklj><==.?= c1/sYrfsbñg><.526 dYlYhtfgabl>655 dw

Lkfcìs kf fstf, jl cbgl aufgtl ahghtrhs khs vfgtbjlkhrfs prbgabpljfs bgyfa-

thrfs Ljpmlbr kf <;<.6= c1/s kf alpl-

<;9 Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1

Fj ahsth kf hpfrlabñg kfpfgkf cuamhkf jl fgfroãl ahgsucbkl phr jhs vfgtbjlkh-rfs. Fj ahsth kf alpbtlj rfqufrbkh plrl jlprhùgkbzlabñg kf ug phzh pufkf sfr hetf-

gbkh kf jhs ahgtrltbstls h kf trlelnhs sb-cbjlrfs. Qbg fcelroh, fsths kfefg sfrlatuljbzlkhs phrquf pufkfg vlrblr ahgfj tbfcph. Fg fj alsh kf jl cbgl Qlg Arbs-

tñelj jhs vfgtbjlkhrfs prbclrbhs tbfgfgugl alplabklk kf <29 c1/s l 5.6 dYlkf prfsbñg. Jls ambcfgfls shg kfslrrh-jjlkls fg rhal vhjaìgbal kf UCU 69 kfkurfzl.

Fj sbstfcl kf vfgtbjlabñg fs kbsfülkhplrl jls sboubfgtfs ahgkbabhgfs>

q Ufsfrvls> plrl <9 lühs.

q Pfgtbjlkhr prbgabplj> <29 c1/s.

q Yrfsbñg> 5.6 dYl.

q Ljturl kf trlelnh> ;,?99 csgc.

Jl @bourl ? cufstrl ugl rfjlabñg kfjahsth thtlj kf hpfrlabñg kf ugl ambcfgflfg ùgabñg kf su kbìcftrh. Fstf orì`bahùf kftfrcbglkh fg elsf l jhs ahsths kfahgstruaabñg y hpfrlabñg kf jl cbgl plrlug aluklj kf <29 c1/s. Fg elsf l fstforl`bah, plrl jls ahgkbabhgfs lgtfrbhrfs,jl cbgl rfqufrbrì kf ugl ambcfgfl kf

vfgtbjlabñg kf 6.6 c kf kbìcftrh.

6. Vtbjbzlabñg kfj Qh`twlrf PgftYA

Mhy fg kãl, jhs fstukbhs kf jhs vfgtbjl-khrfs shg rfljbzlkhs uslgkh sbcujlkhrfsgucârbahs. Jhs sbcujlkhrfs cls uslkhsfg jls cbgls kfj Yfrþ shg>

q PGF[YA, FF.VV.

q Pfgtsbc, Lustrljbl y

q Pucl, Quk Ì`rbal.6.< Lpjbalabñg kfj Yrhorlcl

PgftYA, ug sbcujlkhr kf vfgtbjlabñgpufkf sfr utbjbzlkh plrl ahgstrubr ugl rfkkf vfgtbjlabñg bgajuyfgkh jhs `rfgtfs kf

trlelnh, y rfshjvfrjl elnh vlrbls ahgkbabh-gfs. Ylrl ugl rfk aljberlkl, fj sbcujlkhrpufkf sfr tlcebâg uslkh plrl mlafr prh-

yfaabhgfs y kftfrcbglr jhs pugths kf hpf-rlabñg kf jhs vfgtbjlkhrfs, tlclüh kf jhsrfoujlkhrfs, curhs, fta., quf shg rfquf-rbkhs plrl kbrbobr fj lbrf l jhs `rfgtfs kf

trlelnh. Ylrl ljalgzlr fstf henftbvh fsgfafslrbh tfgfr klths ahg`blejfs tlgth kfjl cbgl ahch kf jhs rfqufrbcbfgths kflbrf. Jhs klths kf jl cbgl bgajuyfg kbcfg-sbhgfs kf jhs kb`frfgtfs ahgkuaths kf lb-rf, uebalabñg kf jls jlehrfs, tlclüh kfjhs ahgtrhjfs kf vfgtbjlabñg, fta. Jhs rf-

qufrbcbfgths kf lbrf shg ofgfrljcfgtfkftfrcbglkhs fg ̀ ugabñg kf jhs ahgtlcb-glgtfs ofgfrlkhs fg jl cbgl.

Fg jl prìatbal, jl rfk kf vfgtbjlabñgfs ahgstrubkl, uslgkh klths ̀ ãsbahs hetf-gbkhs kf jhs pjlghs y plrìcftrhs kf kbsf-üh kftfrcbglkhs kf jfvlgtlcbfgths kf

vfgtbjlabñg. Fg cbgls fg hpfrlabñg, jhsrfsujtlkhs kf fstls cfkbabhgfs shg usl-

kls plrl kftfrcbgl rfsbstfgabls kf jls vãls kf lbrf fg jl rfk. Jl @bourl = cufstrl ugl rfk sbcpjf auyhs plrìcftrhs puf-kfg sfr kftfrcbglkhs fg elsf l fstls

cfkbabhgfs. Ylrl jlehrfs prhyfatlkls,jls rfsbstfgabls shg fstbclkls fg elsfl klths kf jlehrfs sbcbjlrfs u hetfgbklskf clguljfs kf vfgtbjlabñg. Jhs klthsahcpbjlkhs fg jhs clguljfs shg ofgfrlj-cfgtf fstlgklrbzlkhs plrl fj gbvfj kfjclr. Lgtfs kf sfr uslkls, fsths kfefrsfr ahrrfobkhs phr fj alcebh kf fjfvlabñgh kfgsbklk kfj lbrf. Jl kfgsbklk kfj lbrffs 9.?5 do/c1 fg jl cbgl Qlg Arbstñelj

y <.59 do/c1 lj gbvfj kfj clr.

6.5 Ljbcfgtlabñg kf Klths

Fj prhorlcl PgftYA rfqubfrf kf jhssboubfgtfs klths>

q Vgl rfk kf vfgtbjlabñg bgkbalgkh jlsahgfxbhgfs ahg jl supfr`babf.

q Vgl rfsbstfgabl plrl alkl rlclj kf

jl rfk.q Aluklj kf lbrf rfqufrbkh plrl alkl

`rfgtf kf trlelnh h juolr khgkf shgofgfrlkhs jhs ahgtlcbglgtfs kf lbrf.

q Vgh h cìs vfgtbjlkhrfs prbclrbhs rf-prfsfgtlkhs bgbabljcfgtf phr ugl prf-sbñg `bnl.

Vgl vfz latbvlkh, fj prhorlcl pfrcbtfkbeunlr jl rfk bgtfrlatbvlcfgtf. Fstl rfk

tlcebâg pufkf sfr kbeunlkl uslgkh htrhsprhorlcls f bcphrtlkhs lj PgftYA. Fjsboubfgtf plsh fs bkfgtb`balr jhs rlcljfsquf rfprfsfgtlg jls ahgfxbhgfs ahg jlsupfr`babf.

Vgl vfz ahcpjftlkl jl rfk, fj sboubfgtf plsh fs lsboglr ugl rfsbstfgabl l alklrlclj. Fstl rfsbstfgabl pufkf sfr kftfr-

cbglkl fg ̀ ugabñg kf jhs klths kf cfgsu-rl h sbcpjfcfgtf aljaujlkl kf jl faul-abñg kf Ltdbgshg.

Fj aluklj rfqufrbkh fs kftfrcbglkhfg ̀ ugabñg kf jhs ahgtlcbglgtfs kfj lbrf

y sboubfgkh jls ghrcls kf sfourbklk y jhsjbcbtfs pfrcbsbejfs. Ahg fstf henfth fsgfafslrbh bkfgtb`balr fj rlclj quf rfprf-sfgtl ug `rfgtf kf trlelnh y lsboglr lfstf ug aluklj `bnh.

@bgljcfgtf, lgtfs kf ahrrfr fj prhorl-cl fs gfafslrbh bkfgtb`balr jl ùfgtf kfprfsbñg, bgbabljcfgtf rfprfsfgtlkh phr ugrlclj kf prfsbñg `bnl.

abklk bgstljlkhs lj pbf kf jl ambcfgflUE ?;5E. Fsths vfgtbjlkhrfs, bgstljlkhsfg aìclrls lgtb ahceustbejfs, rf`hrzl-kls bgtfrglcfgtf (ahg pfrghs mfjbahbkl-

jfs y smhtarftf), fjâatrbalcfgtf shg hpf-rlkhs fg abraubths bgkfpfgkbfgtfs. Fj bsh-câtrbah kf vfgtbjlabñg sf kftljjl fg Lpâg- kbaf 5.

6.; Pfgtbjlkhrfs Luxbjblrfs

Ghrcljcfgtf, fsths vfgtbjlkhrfs shgutbjbzlkhs plrl vfgtbjlr jlehrfs abfols.Ahg fstf henfth, fj vfgtbjlkhr fs bgstljlkhfg ug sbstfcl shpjlgtf ahg fj vfgtbjlkhrfg fj laafsh prbgabplj y ugl clgol kf

vfgtbjlabñg fxtfgkbkl mlabl fj `rfgtf kf trlelnh. Jl sfjfaabñg kfj vfgtbjlkhr sf rfl-jbzl tfgbfgkh fg aufgtl jhs sboubfgtfs ̀ la-

thrfs>

q Lgamh kf jl jlehr.

q Ufqufrbcbfgth kf lbrf.

q Jhgobtuk kf jl jlehr.Jl cbgl Qlg Arbstñelj utbjbzl vfgtbjlkh-

rfs luxbjblrfs tbph lxblj kf jls sboubfgtfsalrlatfrãstbals>

l) Oljfrãls ahrtls y tljjfrfs>

q Chkfjh> PLP‑15 -<;-1699-B, (Ljl-efs vlrblejfs).

q Alplabklk kf 2.;; c1/s y <;.<0c1/s.

e) Oljfrãls jlrols>

q Chkfjh> PLP-;6-50.6-1;69-BB,(Ljlefs vlrblejfs).

q Alplabklk kf 51.09 c1/s y5=.15 c1/s.

6.6 Ahsths kf Pfgtbjlabñg

Fj ahsth kf vfgtbjlabñg fg su clyhr plrtf fs rfprfsfgtlkh phr fj ahsth kf fgfr-oãl fjâatrbal ahgsucbkl. Fg jl cbgl, fstfahsth fs kbvbkbkh fg khs>

l) Pfgtbjlabñg Yrbclrbl.Jhs vfgtbjlkhrfsprbclrbhs shg hpfrlkhs ahgtbgulcfg-

tf kurlgtf thkh fj lüh ahg fxafpabñgkf jhs kãls kf clgtfgbcbfgth. Fj ahg-such lgulj kf fgfroãl fjâatrbal phrfsths vfgtbjlkhrfs fs kf <‒16=,=99d_/mr.

e) Pfgtbjlabñg Luxbjblr. Fstf ruerh bgajuyffj ahgsuch kf fgfroãl fjâatrbal phrjhs vfgtbjlkhrfs luxbjblrfs fg abraubthssfaugklrbhs. Jhs vfgtbjlkhrfs luxb-jblrfs shg hpfrlkhs fg jhs kb`frfgtfs`rfgtfs abfohs sfoþg jls gfafsbklkfs.Qhg fgafgkbkhs y lplolkhs phr fj pfr-

shglj kf hpfrlabñg. Fj ahgsuch lguljkf fgfroãl fjâatrbal phr fsths vfgtbjl-khrfs fs kf 010,<99 d_/mr.

0 Kbsausbñg y Ahgajusbhgfs

Fg fj pjlgflcbfgth kf jl vfgtbjlabñg,ug sbcujlkhr fs ugl mfrrlcbfgtl kf trl-elnh quf ghs lyukl rfprfsfgtlr jl cbglphr ug chkfjh gucârbah quf pufkf sfruslkh plrl prfkfabr jhs rfqufrbcbfgthskfvfgtbjlabñg. Fspfaã`balcfgtf, fj chkfjhpufkf sfr uslkh plrl kftfrcbglr>

q Jhs `junhs kf lbrf y sus sfgtbkhs kflvlgaf fg jls jlehrfs prhyfatlkls, ykftfrcbglr jhs alcebhs fg prfsbhgfs

y alukljfs aulgkh gufvls jlehrfs shglülkbkls lj chkfjh.

q Alcebhs kf vfjhabklkfs kfj lbrf fgjls kb`frfgtfs jlehrfs kfebkhs l alc-ebhs f`fatulkhs.

q Jhs pugths kf hpfrlabñg kf jhs vfg-

YJLGFLCBFG[H KF PFG[BJLABÑG YLUL JL VGBKLQLG AUBQ[ÑELJ - AÃL. CBGFUL PHJAÌ

@bourl ?.- Orl`bah chstrlgkh jl rfjlabñg kfj ahsth thtlj kf ugl ambcfgfl fg ̀ ugabñg kf su kbìcftrh.

@bourl =.- Kblorlcl Vgb`bjlr GP- 1;9.

@bourl 2.- Yugth kf hpfrlabñg kfj vfgtbjlkhr prbgabplj kf <==.?= c1/s (;99 da`c) kf aluklj y <.526 DYl (6.5 bg.w.o.) kf prfsbñg.

Aulkrh 6> Mhnl kf klths GP-1;9




<;<

YFUVLGL tbjlkhrfs, jhs rfqufrbcbfgths kf fgfr-oãl fjâatrbal y htrhs ̀ lathrfs fahgñcb-ahs.

q Alãkls kf prfsbñg kfj lbrf fg jhs ahg-kuaths prbclrbhs y sfaugklrbhs bgkb-algkh ljtfrgltbvls kf cfnhrl fg jhsabraubths.

q Pbsuljbzlr jhs rfsujtlkhs. Fj prhorlcl Pgft-YA fs ahcpltbejf ahg cuamhshtrhs prhorlcls uslkhs fg fj kbsfühkf ugl cbgl y pfrcbtf jhs rfsujtlkhskf jhs alcebhs fg fj sbstfcl kf vfgtb-jlabñg fg jhs pjlghs kf jl cbgl alsbbgstlgtìgflcfgtf.

q Fvbtlr olsths bggfafslrbhs fg ahgs- truaabñg kf ambcfgfls bglkfaulkls, yl sfl phr su cljl uebalabñg h tlcl-üh bglkfaulkh. Ambcfgfls clj kbsf-ülkls gh sbrvfg cuamh fg jhs abraub-

ths kf vfgtbjlabñg ñ sbrvfg shjh plrlofgfrlr ahrth-abraubths fg jl rfk prbg-

Lpâgkbaf <Eljlgaf kf Alukljfs kf Lbrf fg jl

Cbgl

abplj, mfamh quf `uf vfrb`balkh fg jlcbgl Qlg Arbstñelj.

q Ufkuabr ahsths. Ahg shjh fvbtlr jl fnf-auabñg kf ugl ambcfgfl bglkfaulkl,ahg jl lyukl kf fstf prhorlcl sf puf-kf rfkuabr jhs ahsths kf fnfauabñg kfprhyfaths kf vfgtbjlabñg ahgsbkfrlejf-cfgtf. Fg jl cbgl Qlg Arbstñelj, plrlfj cfnhrlcbfgth kfj sbstfcl prbgabplj

y sfaugklrbh sf vbfgf bgvbr tbfgkh fgfj kfslrrhjjh kf 96 ambcfgfls fg thtlj020 c kf jhgobtuk y 1c kf kbìcftrhahg Ulbsf Ehrbgo (UE) quf rfprfsfgtlVQ$ 2<2,?26 fg ahsth kf alpbtlj, ylj gh utbjbzlrjl fstlrãlchs ofgfrlgkholsths bggfafslrbhs fjfvlkhs. Fj prh-orlcl gfafsbtl sfr ljbcfgtlkh ahgklths rfljfs kf cbgl (sfaabñg, pfrã-cftrh, jhgobtuk, ahf`babfgtf kf ̀ rbaabñgkf alkl jlehr).

q Ofgfrlr rfsujtlkhs ahg`blejfs. Fstfprhorlcl trlelnl ahg abraubths afrrl-

Lpâgkbaf 5shcftrbah kf vfgtbjlabhg cbgl Qlg

Arbsthelj

khs fs kfabr jhs rlcljfs kf jl rfk kf-efr sfr afrrlkls. Jhs rlcljfs lebfr-

ths gh shg ahgsbkfrlkhs fg jl sbcu-jlabñg y shg rfphrtlkhs ahch frrh-rfs. Jl pfrshgl quf bgorfsf jhs kl-

ths kf alcph lj sbcujlkhr kfef ah-ghafr lj kftljjf jl cbgl, fg alsh ahg-

trlrbh jhs rfsujtlkhs pufkfg kb`frbrcuamh kf jl rfljbklk. Jhs klths bgah-rrfaths kf ugl ambcfgfl ñ ugl jlehrpufkfg halsbhglr frrhrfs fg jl sbcu-jlabñg.

q Ofgfrlr ug sbstfcl kf vfgtbjlabñg f`b-abfgtf y fahgñcbal. Ylrl ljalgzlr fstf henftbvh, fj bgofgbfrh kfef tfgfr ugeufg ahghabcbfgth kf ofhjhoãl y fjcâthkh kf fxpjhtlabñg uslkh fg jl cb-gl. Fj prhorlcl phr sb shjh gh ofgfrl-rl ug sbstfcl kf vfgtbjlabñg f`babfgtf4sf gfafsbtl kf jl jñobal y jl fxpfrbfgablkfj bgofgbfrh plrl ofgfrlr kbamh sbs-

tfcl.



HENF[BPHQ

Fj henftbvh kfj trlelnh fs rfljb-zlr ugl fvljulabñg ofhtâagbal kffstlebjbklk ̀ ãsbal vãl tâagbals ahc-putlabhgljfs sboubfgkh jl cfthkh-jhoãl prhpufstl T0S l ahgtbgulabñgfg jl @bourl < fg ug alsh fstukbhT6S, lsã utbjbzlgkh jl cfthkhjhoãlkf jhs fjfcfgths ̀ bgbths y kf fqubjb-erbh jãcbtf, elslkl fg plrìcftrhsofhtâagbahs hetfgbkhs ofgfrlj-cfgtf fg jlehrlthrbh y fg alcphT6S, hesfrvlgkh fj ahcphrtlcbfg-

th mbkrìujbah y cfaìgbah kf jls ljtfrgltbvls kf ahefrturl pjlgtfl-kls y kfsarbtls lgtfrbhrcfgtf jlsauljfs pufkfg sfr rfahcfgklklslj abfrrf kf ug kfpñsbth l chkh kfprfsl kf rfjlvfs, fj aulj vl l bg-

tfrlatulr ahg rfjlvfs cbgfrhs lcuy jlroh pjlzh.

CF[HKHJHOÃL YUHYVFQ[L

Jl cfthkhjhoãl prhpufstl T0Skf lgìjbsbs sf elsl thclgkh fgahgsbkfrlabñg quf plrl fj prfsfg-

YUHYVFQ[L CF[HKHJÑOBAL YLUL JL FPLJVLABÑGKF UFJLPFQ BG[FULA[VLG[FQ AHG AHEFU[VULFsarbef plrl Cugkh Cbgfrh fj Kr. Jubs Clrtbg [fnlkl Afrvlgtfs, Yrh`fshr kf Ofhtf

[bfrrl kf jl @laujtlk kf Ofhjhoãl, Ofh`ãsbal y Cbgl kf jl VgbvfrsbklkBG[UHKVAABÑG

Fg fj sfathr cbgfrh cftljþrobah sf bgvbfrtf fg tfaghjhoãls plrl jlkbsphsbabñg kf rfjlvfs prhkuath kf jhs prhafshs kf efgf`babh cbgfrhahgsbkfrlgkh lspfaths tâagbahs, kf sfourbklk y cfkbh lcebfgtljfs,fsth ahg ̀ bgfs kf cbtbolabñg kfj bcplath fg auljqubfrl kf jls ftlpls kfjl hpfrlabñg cbgfrh cftljþrobal ahgsbkfrlgkh jl ftlpl kf abfrrf kfcbgl, mlabfgkh jhs prhafshs ljtlcfgtf ahcpftbtbvhs y fahgñcbalcfgtfrfgtlejfs y quf vlylg lshablkhs l ug clgfnh lcebfgtlj lkfaulkh kfs-kf jl fxpjhrlabñg mlstl jl fstruaturl lcebfgtlj `bglj kf kbsphsbabñg. Kffstl ̀ hrcl fg fstf trlelnh sf cufstrl ugl fvljulabñg ahcputlabhgljprhphgbfgkh ugl cfthkhjhoãl kf lgìjbsbs T0S jl aulj lalrrflrì ugl sh-juabñg plrl jl thcl kf jl kfabsbñg y phr jh tlgth kf bgvfrsbñg/prfstbobh.

Fs bcphrtlgtf cfgabhglr quf fj trlgsphrtf kf shjuths gh fstì ahg- tfcpjlkh ahch henftbvh kf fstf trlelnh kf bgvfstbolabñg. Qf lkhptñug alsh fstukbh kf ugl prfsl kf rfjlvfs fg fj Yfrþ T6S y sf fvljulrhg1 ljtfrgltbvls kf ahefrturls T2 y <<S (LKK -ljclafglcbfgth krfglnf

y kfsalrol-, LK -ljclafglcbfgth & kfsalrol- y AAEF -ahefrturl ahgf`fath kf elrrfrl alpbjlr-). Ufsujtlgkh, plrl fstf alsh, quf jl ahefrtu-rl ahg fj cfnhr ahcphrtlcbfgth mbkrhcfaìgbah, kf laufrkh l jhs henf-

tbvhs kf jls ahefrturls, lahrkf ahg jls kb`frfgtfs hpabhgfs kf prhyfathkf abfrrf kf kfpñsbth T= y 2S y kf jl prfsl kf rfjlvfs l jlroh pjlzh fgaulgth l su ahg`bourlabñg fs jl kfghcbglkl LKK (ljclafglcbfgth,krfglnf y kfsalrol), fstl bgvfstbolabñg lyuklrì l rfljbzlr ugl fvljul-abñg bgtforlj kf jl bgofgbfrãl kf kftljjf lshablkl l sus alrlatfrãstbalsahgstruatbvls y kf jhs ahsths bcpjbalkhs.

tf fstukbh sf utbjbzlrì jl alrol thtljkf loul (Mt) ahch pugth kf bgorf-sh kf `jubkh plrl sbcujlr quf fjloul kf jjuvbl pfrahjf (l tlsl ahgs-

tlgtf) l trlvâs kfj cfkbh phrhsh, yl quf sf lsucf ahg ug alukljahgstlgtf, fg ug fsafglrbh arãtbah.

Fj lgìjbsbs sf rfljbzlrì l trlvâskf ftlpls kf ahgstruaabñg plrlfvljulr jl bgtfrlaabñg fg târcbgh

tfgsh kf`hrclabhglj kfj `junh kfloul-fqubjberbh `ãsbah kfj ahgnugthrfjlvfs-ahefrturls. Ylrl fsth sfsfjfaabhglrì ugl sfaabñg rfprf-

sfgtltbvl kfj alsh fstukbh y sf brìgahgstruyfgkh jls kb`frfgtfs ajl-sfs kf ahefrturls, lsboglgkhlkfcìs jl fstrltborl`ãl prfsfgtflshablkl l jhs plrìcftrhs cfaìgb-ahs f mbkrìujbahs lsucbfgkh ahgs-

tlgtfs jhs vljhrfs kf jl [lejl <.Kf fsl `hrcl, fg jl @bourl <

sf cufstrl jl cfthkhjhoãl kf lgì-jbsbs plrl jl sbcujlabñg ahcputl-abhglj utbjbzlgkh plquftfs ahcfr-abljfs plrl jl fvljulabñg mbkrhcf-aìgbal kf prfsls ahg ahefrturlsplrl fj pjlg kf abfrrf kf cbgls,

khgkf sf hesfrvl quf> (l) prbcf-rlcfgtf sf rfljbzlrì ug lgìjbsbskf ̀ junh kf loul fg fj ahgnugth rf-jlvfs-ahefrturl plrl quf kfspuâssf vfrb`bquf fj fqubjberbh `ãsbah kfjcfkbh, alsh fstf sfl fstlejf sf

vhjvfrì l fstbclr jl prfsbñg kf ph-rhs kfj cfkbh plrl jjfvlr fsth lug lgìjbsbs tfgsh kf`hrclabhglj kffjfcfgths `bgbths y hesfrvlr aul-jfs shg jls zhgls kf jl ahefrturlquf shg kfspjlzlkls/klülkls ykf`hrclkls ahgsbkfrlklcfgtf,alsh fsth gh haurrl sf jjfol lj ̀ bgkf lgìjbsbs4 (e) sb fg fj lgìjbsbs kffqubjberbh sf hesfrvl ljougl bgfs-

tlebjbklk ̀ãsbal sf rforfslrì lj lgì-jbsbs kf ̀ junh plrl pjlgtflr cfkbklskf krfglnf y ahgsfoubr quf fj cf-kbh sfl fstlejf y ahgtbgulr ahg fjplsh (l)4 `bgljcfgtf sb fs fg (a)

alsh quf sf hesfrvf ljtls kf`hr-clabhgfs fg jl ahefrturl phr jlahgstruaabñg y hpfrlabñg kf jl cbs-cl sfrì ljtfrlrì jl ofhcftrãl bgb-ablj y sf vfrb`balrì fj fqubjberbh y`junh kf loul plrl ahgtbgulr ahgjhs plshs (l) h (e).

LYJBALABÑG

[hkls jls ahg`bourlabhgfs sfmlg vfrb`balkh fg aulgth l jl ofh-cftrãl bgbablj (@bourl 5) T6S. Ylrljl ahgstruaabñg kf thkhs jhs fsaf-

glrbhs (ofhcftrãl y kbstrbeuabñg)ùf lpjbalkl y vfrb`balkl jl cfthkh-jhoãl prfsfgtlkl fg jl @bourl <.[hkls jls herls y/h fstruaturlsshg kfsarbtls l ahgtbgulabñg y fs-

tìg prfsfgtfs fg jl @bourls 1, ; y 6.

Jl ahefrturl T6 y 0S l sbcujlr-sf kfef kf aucpjbr jls fspfab`bal-abhgfs kf prhtfaabñg lcebfgtlj pl-rl <=.6c kf fspfshr kf rfjlvf`bgh fgabcl kf 0.2c kf rfjjfghquf l su vfz fstì fgabcl kf =.0ckf rfjlvf orufsh cuy ahgshjbklkhahgtlgkh ahg ug kbquf kf lrrlg-quf kf 0.0c kf ljturl y ug kbquf

thtlj rf`hrzlkh kf <5.;c kf ljtu-rl lshablkh l ̀ bjtrh krfg ahgfatl-kh ahg ug cltfrblj phrhsh rffc-pjlzlkh kf alptlabñg kf loul fc-efebkh fg ug rfjjfgh fstruaturlj

(@bourl 5). Jl ahg`bourlabñg kf jlahefrturl LKK (1) aufgtl ahg khsalpls y khs ofhsbgtâtbahs, jl ahg-`bourlabñg kf jl ahefrturl LK(@bourl ;) aufgtl ahg 1 alpls yug ofhsbgtâtbah ahg jl ljtfrlabñgkf jl ahg`bourlabñg kfj `bjtrh krfg

y jl ahg`bourlabñg kf jl ahefrturlAAEF (@bourl 6) aufgtl ahg ; al-pls y 1 ofhsbgtâtbahs, thkls fjjlsahg ugl alpl kf rfvfoftlabñg.

UFQVJ[LKHQ

Fg aulgth lj @junh kf Loul y fjFqubjberbh @ãsbah, jl ahefrturl LKK(ljclafglcbfgth, kfsvblabñg ykfsalrol) kfj alsh fstukbh ahgrfspfath l jl sbcujlabñg kf ̀ junh kfloul y kf fqubjberbh ̀ ãsbah sf hesfr-

vñ y ahcphrtñ kf jl sboubfgtf `hr-

cl (@bourl 0)> jl cljjl kf fjfcfgths trblg-oujlrfs ahgvfrobfrhg rìpbkl-cfgtf,

fj ̀ junh kf loul ljalgzl jhs ̀ bjtrhs krfgfs prhpufsths ahgsb-oubfgkh quf fj gbvfj `rfìtbahgh ahcprhcftl jls fstruatu-rls kf ahgtfgabñg,

fj clyhr aluklj sf fgaufgtrlfg jl ahtl cìxbcl ahg ug vl-jhr kf \31 j/s,

fj ahgnugth rfjlvfs ahefrturlfs fstlejf kfskf fj pugth kf vbstl kf fqubjberbh `ãsbah (@Q3<.0).Jl ahefrturl LK (ljclafgl-

cbfgth, kfsvblabñg y kfsalrol) kfjalsh fstukbh ahg rfspfath l jl sb-cujlabñg kf ̀ junh kf loul y kf fqub-jberbh `ãsbah sf hesfrvñ y sf ahc-

phrtñ lsã (@bourl ?)> jl cljjl kf fjfcfgths trblg-oujlrfs ahgvfrobfrhg rìpbkl-cfgtf,

fj ̀ junh kf loul ljalgzl kb`ãabjcfgtf jhs ̀ bjtrhs krfgfs prhpufsths, lsã mly ugl prhelebjbklk kf `ljjl fg fj krfglnf ysbstfcls kf ̀ bjtrhs,

fj clyhr aluklj sf fgaufgtrlfg jl ahtl cìxbcl ahg ug vljhr kf \3<.6 j/s,

fj ahgnugth rfjlvfs ahefrturlfs fstlejf kfskf fj pugth kf vbstl kf fqubjberbh `ãsbah (@Q3<.2).

Jl ahefrturl AAEF (elrrfrl kff`fath alpbjlr) kfj alsh fstukbh ahgrfspfath l jl sbcujlabñg kf `junhkf loul y kf fqubjberbh ̀ ãsbah sf hesfrvñ y ahcphrtñ lsã (@bourl =) jl cljjl kf fjfcfgths trblg

oujlrfs ahgvfrobfrhg rìpbklcfgtf,

fj `junh kf loul ljalgzl `ìabjcfgtf jhs ̀ bjtrhs krfgfs prhpufsths, lsã mly ugl elnl prhelebjbklk kf ̀ ljjl fg fj krfglnf y sbstfcls kf `bjtrhs,

fj clyhr aluklj sf fgaufgtrlfg jl ahtl cìxbcl ahg ug vljhr kf \3<9 j/s,

fj ahgnugth rfjlvfs ahefrturlfs fstlejf kfskf fj pugth kf vbstl kf fqubjberbh `ãsbah (@Q3<.=).Fg aulgth l jl sbcujlabñg fs

ùfrzh kf`hrclabhglj, jl ahefrturl LKK (ljclafglcbfgth, kfsvblabñg y kfsalrol) kfj alsh fstukbhahg rfspfath l jl sbcujlabñg kffsùfrzh kf`hrclabñg sf hesfrvñ

y sf ahcphrtñ kf jl sboubfgtf `hrcl (@bourls 2 y <9)> jl clyhr kf`hrclabñg sf he

sfrvñ fg fj pbf kfj tljuk, jl clyhr kf`hrclabñg fg f

rfsfrvhrbh kf rfjlvfs ahg rfspfath l jl ahefrturl sf jhaljzñ fg jl bgtfr`laf rfjlvfs ̀ bghsahg jl ahefrturl orufsl, lsjh kfcufstrlg jhs vfathrfs kffsùfrzhs (rhnhs),

jl cljjl kf fjfcfgths trblgoujlrfs ahgvfrobfrhg fg jl bg tfrlaabñg gþcfrh ;9,

fj ̀ junh kf loul ljalgzl jhs ̀ bj trhs krfgfs prhpufsths ahgs

oubfgkh quf fj gbvfj `rfìtbahgh ahcprhcftl jls fstruaturls kf ahgtfgabñg pfrh sb hrbobglgkh ugl jbofrl kf`hrcl

@bourl <.- Cfthkhjhoãl kf lgìjbsbs prhpufstl T0S plrl jl fvljulabñg ofhtâagbal vãl sbcujlabñg ahcputlabhglj kf prfsls ahg ahefrturls.

Jubs [fnlkl fs Khathr phr jl Vgbvfrsbklk

kf Erlsbjbl. Lsbcbsch, fs bgofgbfrh ofhtfagbstl Qfgbhr fspfabljbzlkh fg cfaìgal kf sufjhs y cfaìgbal kf rhals. Aufgtl ahg << lühs kf fxpfrbfgabl prh`fsbhglj y lalkâcbal fg plãsfs kf Quklcârbaly Lustrljbl. Ml puejbalkh lrtãaujhs fg ahgorfshs glabhgljfs f bgtfrglabhgfs fg rfvbstls fspfabljbzlkls. AhgtlathjubstfnlklafIoclbj.ahc

<;5 Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1



BKUH-CFAÌGBAL KF YUFQLQG @LQF KF ABFUUF KF CBGLl kf jl Vgbklk kf Yhstorlkh fg Abfgabls kf jlbhglj kf Qlg Loustãg kf Lrfqubpl

ñg hetfgbfgkh kfspjlzlcbfg-hs kf mlstl 9.910c,s kfspjlzlcbfgths quf sf fg-ufgtrlg fg jl zhgl kf pjlstb-alabñg kf jl ahefrturl h zh-l kf abzljjlcbfgth fg fj tljukfobstrlg vljhrfs quf rfobs-rlg 9.91= l 9.960c. Pljh-fs quf pufkfg sfr shjuabhgl-hs kurlgtf fj prhafsh ahgs-ruatbvh.clyhr aluklj sf fgaufgtrl

g jl ahtl cìxbcl ahg ug vl-r kf \31 j/s,clyhr kfspjlzlcbfgth fs

f 9.9?5c, vljhr thtljcfgtfkcbsbejf kurlgtf fj pfrãhkhf hpfrlabñg,s vfathrfs kf `junh kf loul

f pfrahjlabñg (lzujfs) `juyfglstl jl sfougkl alpl kf jlhefrturl y phstfrbhrcfgtf sffrbvlg kf ̀ hrcl rìpbkl mlabl

jhs ̀ bjtrhs krfgfs, jh quf bgkb-al ug eufg ahcphrtlcbfgthmbkrhcfaìgbah kf jl ahefrtu-rl fvbtlgkh jl jjfolkl kfj loull jhs rfjlvfs,

fj bgbabh kf jl rupturl kf jl ah-efrturl sf kbh aulgkh jl fstruaturl ljalgzñ fj @Q3<.?6,jhs kfspjlzlcbfgths kftuvbf-rhg jhs vljhrfs bgarfcfgtljfsfg jl ftlpl 0 kf jl alrol fnfr-abkl kurlgtf jl ahgstruaabñg,khgkf sf hesfrvñ quf fj kfs-pjlzlcbfgth sf mlaãl ahgstlgtf.Jl ahefrturl LK (ljclafgl-

cbfgth y kfsalrol) ahg rfspfathl jl sbcujlabñg kf fsùfrzh kf`hr-clabñg sf hesfrvñ y sf ahcphrtñ

kf jl sboubfgtf `hrcl (@bourl <<y <1)> jl clyhr kf`hrclabñg sf he-

sfrvñ fg fj pbf kfj tljuk, jl cl-

yhr kf`hrclabñg fg fj rfsfrvhrbh kf rfjlvfs ahg rfspfathl jl ahefrturl sf jhaljbzñ fg thkls jls alpls kf âstl fgkftfrcbglkh sfathr pugtulj hahjucgl afralgl lj kbquf kfahgtfgabñg, hesfrvlgkh tlc-ebâg fj bgarfcfgth kf prfsbñgkf phrhs jh quf phkrãl hrbob-glr jl ̀ ljjl kf jl alpl bcpfr-cflejf `ljjlgkh fj fjfcfgthkf prhtfaabñg lcebfgtlj lgtfjl pfrahjlabñg kf loul mlabljhs rfjlvfs,

jl cljjl kf fjfcfgths trblg-oujlrfs ahgvfrobfrhg fg jl bg- tfrlaabñg gþcfrh 26,

fj ̀ junh kf loul ljalgzl kb`ãabj-cfgtf jhs `bjtrhs krfgfs prh-

pufsths ahgsboubfgkh quf fjgbvfj ̀ rfìtbah ahcprhcftl cf-kblglcfgtf jls fstruaturlskf ahgtfgabñg pfrh sb hrbobglg-

kh ugl jbofrl kf`hrclabñg hetfgbfgkh kfspjlzlcbfgths kfmlstl 9.9;5c,

jhs kfspjlzlcbfgths quf sffgaufgtrlg fg jl zhgl kf pjlstb`balabñg kf jl ahefrturl h zh-gl kf abzljjlcbfgth fg fj tljukrfobstrlg vljhrfs quf rfobstrlg 9.919 l 9.909c. Pljh-rfs quf pufkfg sfr shjuabhgl-khs kurlgtf fj prhafsh ahgstruatbvh.

fj clyhr aluklj sf fgaufgtrlfg jl ahtl cìxbcl ahg ug vl-jhr kf \3<.6 j/s,

fj clyhr kfspjlzlcbfgth fs

kf 9.9?5c, vljhr thtljcfgtf

abkl kurlgtf jl ahgstruaabñg,khgkf sf hesfrvñ quf fj kfs-pjlzlcbfgth sf mlaãl ahgstlgtf.

sf kfef kf cfgabhglr quf fstl ahefrturl fg aulgth ljahcphrtlcbfgth mbkrhcfaì-gbah fs jl cfnhr kf jls fvljul-kls fg fstf ãtfc, alsb lsfou-rlgkh fj eufg ̀ ugabhglcbfgthl jlroh pjlzh phr ahgkuabr fjloul lkfaulklcfgtf ahg ugkrfg bgkfpfgkbfgtf, sfr fstl-ejf y ahgtfcpjlr kf`hrclabh-gfs elnãsbcls.

AHGAJVQBHGFQ

@bourl 5.- Ofhcftrãl bgbablj kf

lgìjbsbs T6S.

@bourl 1.- Ahg`bourlabñg kf jl ahefrturl LKK.

¬

¬

¬

¬

@bourl ;.- Ahg`bou- rlabñg kf jl ahefrturl LK.

@bourl 6.- Ahg`bou- rlabñg kf jl ahefrturl AAEF.

@bourl 0.- @junh fqubjberbh fg ahefrturl LKK (lrrbel). @bourl ?.- @junh fqubjberbh ahefrturl LK (lelnh).

lkcbsbejf kurlgtf fj pfrãhkhkf hpfrlabñg,

fj bgbabh kf jl rupturl kf jl ah-efrturl sf kbh aulgkh jl fstruaturl ljalgzñ fj @Q3<.2,jhs kfspjlzlcbfgths kftuvbf-rhg jhs vljhrfs bgarfcfgtljfsfg jl ftlpl 0 kf jl alrol fnfr-abkl kurlgtf jl ahgstruaabñg,khgkf sf hesfrvñ quf fj kfs-pjlzlcbfgth sf mlaãl ahgstlgtf. Fstl ahefrturl phkrãl cfnhrlr su ahcphrtlcbfgth mb-

krìujbah, alsh sf bgarfcfgtfh rffcpjlaf ugl alpl phr lj-oþg fjfcfgth krfglgtf (lrf-gls ebfg orlklkls) phr fgab-cl kf ug fjfcfgth bcpfrcfl-ebjbzlgtf ahch jls ofhcfc-erlgls.Jl ahefrturl AAEF (elrrfrl

alpbjlr) kfj alsh fstukbh ahg rfs-pfath l jl sbcujlabñg kf fsùfrzhkf`hrclabñg sf hesfrvñ y sf ahc-phrtñ kf jl sboubfgtf `hrcl(@bourl <5 y <;)> jl clyhr kf`hrclabñg sf he-

sfrvñ fg fj pbf kfj tljuk, jlcljjl kf fjfcfgths trblgoujl-rfs ahgvfrobfrhg fg jl bg- tfrlaabñg gþcfrh ;9,

fj ̀ junh ljalgzl kb`ãabjcfgtf jhs`bjtrhs krfgfs prhpufsths ahg-sboubfgkh quf fj gbvfj ̀ rfìtbah

ahcprhcftl cfkblglcfgtfjls fstruaturls kf ahgtfgabñgpfrh sb hrbobglgkh ugl jbofrlkf`hrclabñg hetfgbfgkh kfs-pjlzlcbfgths kf mlstl 9.990c,

jhs kfspjlzlcbfgths quf sffgaufgtrlg fg jl zhgl kf pjlstb`balabñg kf jl ahefrturl h zh-gl kf abzljjlcbfgth fg fj tljukrfobstrlg vljhrfs quf rfobstrlg 9.9919 l 9.9916c,

fj clyhr aluklj sf fgaufgtrlfg jl ahtl cìxbcl ahg ug vl-jhr kf \31 j/s,

fj clyhr kfspjlzlcbfgth fskf 9.90c, vljhr thtljcfgtflkcbsbejf kurlgtf fj pfrãhkhkf hpfrlabñg,

fj bgbabh kf jl rupturl kf jl ah-efrturl sf kbh aulgkh jl fs-

truaturl ljalgzñ fj @Q35.<,jhs kfspjlzlcbfgths kftuvbf-rhg jhs vljhrfs bgarfcfgtljfsfg jl ftlpl 0 kf jl alrol fnfr-

Fg aulgth lj `junh kf loul, jlahefrturl LKK tbfgf ug cfnhrahcphrtlcbfgth, aufgtl ahg ugsbstfcl krfglgtf f`fatbvh y cuysbcpjf fg alsh kfj clgtfgbcbfgth

yl quf phsff ug sbstfcl bgkfpfg-kbfgtf kf alptlabñg y kfrbvlabñgkfj loul, lkfcìs kf jl alpl kfahefrturl ahg fxafjfgtfs alrlatf-rãstbals kf pfrcflebjbklk, cbfgtrlsjl hpabñg kf ahefrturl LK gh tuvhug eufg ahcphrtlcbfgth yl qufsf kfef kf ljtfrlr fj cfkbh kfj kb-

quf kf ahgtfgabñg y kfj ̀ bjtrh bgbabljplrl ahgfatlr lj prhpbh kf jl ah-efrturl, lkfcìs quf jl ahgkua-abñg kf loul kfpfgkf kf jl bgtforb-klk kf ugl alpl bcpfrcflejf qufpufkf jjfolr l `ljjlr hrbobglgkh fj

trlgsphrtf kf shjuths. Jl ahefrtu-rl AAEF chstrñ fxafjfgtfs alrla-

tfrãstbals kf `junh kf loul lsfou-rlgkh jl fstlebjbklk kfj cfkbh.

Fg aulgth lj fqubjberbh `ãsbah, jlahefrturl LK chstrñ ug @Q cuylafptlejf plrl ugl ahg`bourlabñgkf cltfrbljfs cuy sbcpjf, lsã fjfqubjberbh `ãsbah fstì lsfourlkh4cbfgtrls fg jl ahefrturl AAEF fj@Q gh vlrbñ cuamh ahg rfspfathl jl ahefrturl LK, lsã gh rfsplj-kl jl bgvfrsbñg kf cltfrbljfs, fsthsf kfef prbgabpljcfgtf l jl alrolkf alsb <<c fg jl vfrtbalj jl aulj

ljtfrl lj cfkbh. Jl ahefrturl LKKchstrñ ug @Q cfghr l jhs lgtfrbh-rfs fsth sf kfef prbgabpljcfgtflj orlg aluklj fnfrabkh ahgtrl fjkbquf kf ahgtfgabñg.

Fg aulgth lj ahcphrtlcbfgthfsùfrzh kf`hrclabñg, jl ahefrtu-rl AAEF chstrñ ug fxafjfgtf ahc-phrtlcbfgth, fsth phr jhs kfspjl-zlcbfgths alsb gujhs, phr htrh jl-kh, fg jl ahefrturl LK jl kfjolklalpl kf bcpfrcflebjbzlabñg su`rb-rãl kf`hrclabñg hrbobglgkh fj ̀ junhjberf kf loul, ̀ ljjlgkh fg ug henftb-

vh ùgklcfgtlj kf jls ahefrturlsahch sbstfcls kf prhtfaabñg lc-ebfgtlj. Jl ahefrturl LKK chstrñ

vljhrfs prhcfkbh fg aulgth l kfs-pjlzlcbfgths sbfgkh lkcbsbejfs

tlgth fg jl ahgstruaabñg ahch jlhpfrlabñg phr sus elnhs vljhrfs.

Fg aulgth l jl bcpfrcflebjbzl-abñg y pfrahjlabñg kf loul, jls ljtfrgltbvls quf aucpjfg jhs rfqubsbths shg jl LKK y jl AAEF, pfrh fj


<;1



câthkh ahgstruatbvh fg fstl þjtb-cl fs cìs ahcpjfnh sbfgkh lkf-cìs jl cìs hgfrhsl, phr sus ljthsahsths fg trlgsphrtf y kf ahgs-

truaabñg. @bgljcfgtf sf ahgajuyf,quf jl ahefrturl ahg fj cfnhr ahc-phrtlcbfgth mbkrhcfaìgbah lahr-kf ahg fstf fstukbh kf abfrrf kfjkf-pñsbth fs jl kfghcbglkl LKK.

UF@FUFGABLQ<. Luefrtbg, C., Ubalrk, N.@., lgk Aml-

pubs, U.Y. <22=. L prfkbatbvf chkfj ̀ hr wltfrrftfgtbhg aurvf> Lppjbaltbhg th tlbjbgos `rhcmlrk-rhad cbgfs. Alglkblg OfhtfamgbaljNhurglj, 16> 66-02.

5. Elrthg-Erbkofs, N., lgk Uhefrtshg,L., <2=2, Ofhtfamgbalj Ahgsbkfrltbhgs bg tmfAhgtrhj h` Labk Cbgf Krlbglof, OfhtfamgbaljLspfats h` [lbjbgos Kbsphslj lgk Labk CbgfKrlbglof, Plgahuvfr Ofhtfam. Qha.

1. Efjj, N.Y., Kflg, [.N., Mhkgftt, C.O.,<2=?. Qhbj chbsturf cflsurfcfgts ey lgbcprhvfk alplabtlgaf tfamgbquf, Ylrt BB. @bfjk tfamggbqufs, Fvljultbhg lgk Aljberltbhg. Nhur-

YUHYVFQ[L CF[HKHJÑOBAL YLUL JL FPLJVLABÑG MBKUH-CFAÌGBAL KF YUFQLQKF UFJLPFQ BG[FULA[VLG[FQ AHG AHEFU[VULQ FG @LQF KF ABFUUF KF CBGL

@bourl =.- @junh fqubjberbh ahefrturl AAEF (lrrbel). @bourl 2.- Kf`hrclabñg ahefrturl LKK (lelnh).

glj h` Mykrhjhoy, 21, ?2-29;. Alvljalgtf, L. E.4 @lrbls, C.4 [fnlkl,

J. C, 599?l. [rlgsphrtf phr Lrrlstrf kfQfkbcfgths Mftfrhoâgfhs fg Ufprfsls kfUfjlvfs kf Cbgfrãl. Bg> ]]PBBB Ahgvfgabñg Cb-gfrl. Lgljfs kfj ]]PBBB Ahgvfgabñg Cbgfrl,Bgstbtuth kf Bgofgbfrhs kf Cbgls kfj Yfrþ,Lrfqubpl - Yfrþ, 59p.

6. Ubvfrh, C.N. (59<9). Kfsfcpfüh Ofh- tâagbah Qãscbah kf [ljukfs. [fsbs kf BgofgbfrhOfñjhoh. @laujtlk kf Bgofgbfrãl Ofhjñobal yOfhorì`bal. Vgbvfrsbklk Glabhglj Qlg LgthgbhLelk, Ausah, Yfrþ, <=1p.

0. [fnlkl, J.C.A. (59<<). Ahcphrtl-cbfgth Mbkrh-Cfaìgbah kf Yrfsls kf UfjlvfsBgtfrlatulgtfs ahg Qbstfcls kf YrhtfaabñgLcebfgtlj> Alrlatfrbzlabñg [faghjñobal y Qb-cujlabñg Gucârbal. [fsbs kf Khathrlkh, @l-aujtlk kf Abfgabls Glturljfs y @hrcljfs, Vgb- vfrsbklk Glabhglj kf Qlg Loustãg kf Lrfqub-pl, Yfrþ, 526 p.

?. _bjshg, O._., @rfkjugk, K.O., lgk Elr-

ehur, Q.J. <22;. Ahupjfk Qhbj-LtchspmfrfChkfjjbgo ̀ hr Qhbj Fvlphrltbhg. Alglkblg Ofh- tfamgbalj Nhurglj. Phj> 1<, pp. <6<-<0<.

=. _bjshg, O._., Gfwclg, J., Elrehur,

Q.J., H‒Dlgf, C., lgk Qwlgshg, K.L., <22?.[mf ahvfr rfsflram prhorlc lt Fqubty QbjvfrCbgf Jtk. @hrtm Bgtfrgltbhglj Ahg`frfgaf hgLabk Uhad Krlbglof, Cly 1< - Nugf 0, <22?, Plgahuvfr, Erbtbsm Ahjucebl, Alglkl.

2. _bjshg, O._., _bjjblcs, K.N., lgk Uy-dllrt, F.C. 5991. [mf bgtforbty h` ahvfr sys- tfcs> lg upkltf. Bg Yrhaffkbgos h` 0tm Bg- tfrgltbhglj Ahg`frfgaf hg Labk Uhad KrlbglofBALUK> Lppjbaltbhg lgk Qustlbglebjbty h` [fam-ghjhobfs, Albrgs, Lustrljbl, Nujy <;-<?, [. @l-rrfjj lgk O. [lyjhr Fks, Lustrljblg Bgstbtutf h`Cbgbgo lgk Cftljjuroy LusBCC, AlrjthgQhutm, Lustrljbl, ;;6-;6<

<9. _bjshg, J.O., Khrrlgaf, K._., Ehgk,_.U., Fvfrftt, J.O., Aujjfg, Q.N. <226. Bgsbtu phrf-jbqubk slcpjbgo bg tmf vlkhsf zhgf.Klgs Plkhsf zhgf amlrlatfrbzltbhg lgk ch-gbthrbgo. J.O. _bjshg, ft lj. fks. AUA Yrfss,pp. ;??-65<.

<<. _bjshg, _., Erussbfrf, E. & Oufrrf-rh, N. 599?, Ouãl plrl fj Kbsfüh kf Ahefrtu-

rls kf Kfpñsbths kf Ufsbkuhs Cbgfrhs. OuãlLcebfgtlj-Yrhyfath YFUALG, Cbgbstfrbh kfFgfroãl y Cbgls, Ahgshrabh Uhamf, OhjkfrLsshabltfs. Jbcl, Yfrþ, 5<;p.

@bourl <9.- Yrfsl ahg ahefrturl LKK (l) ahgvfrofgabl kfj `junh kf loul (e) ahgvfrofgabl clyhr kf`hrclabñg (a) sfaufgabl kf alrols vs kfspjlzlcbfgths.

@bourl <<.- Kf`hrclabñg ahefrturl LK (lrrbel). @bourl <5.- Kf`hrclabñg ahefrturl AAEF (lelnh).

@bourl <;.- Ahefrturl AAEF (l) ahgvfrofgabl `junh kf loul (e) ahgvfrofgablkf jl zhgl kf clyhr kf`hrclabñg (a) sfaufgabl kf alrols vs kfspjlzlcbfgths.

@bourl <1.- Ahefrturl LK (l)

ahgvfrofgabl `junh kf loul (e) ahgvfrofgabl

kf jl zhgl kf clyhr

kf`hrclabñg (a) sfaufgabl kf alrols vs kfspjlzlcbfgths.

<;; Cugkh Cbgfrh Fkbabñg 19< - <6 kf Qft. kfj 59<1



Ofhjhoãl, Cbgfrãl y

Cftljurobl kfj Yfrþ

lj ljalgaf kf thkhs

Kbrfaabñg> Alrjhs Lrrbftl <11? - Qlgtl Efltrbz (Jbcl-Yfrþ)[fjf`lx> (6<-<) ;?<-09<2 / ;?<-<=;6 Lgfxh <<; - Fclbj> ptfagbaItfrrl.ahc.pf

Ufahrtf fstf aupñg, fgvãfjh lknugtlgkh amfquf l ghcerf kf> YVEJBALABHGFQ [FAGBALQ Q.L.A., qufklrì luthcìtbalcfgtf susarbth.Yrfabhs bgajuyfg fj B.O.P. Vk. rfabebrì su `laturl kf bgcfkblth.

Qusarãelsf ¡mhy cbsch! y rfabel cfs l cfs fj pfrbñkbahCugkh Cbgfrh y kbvfrsbklk kf bg`hrclabñg y sfplrltls

kf ahg`frfgabls clobstrljfs y trlelnhs tâagbahs ¢

JBCL Q/. <=9.99 (^hgl urelgl, eljgflrbhs y mlstl Amhsbal, kbs-trbeuãkh phr gufstrls prhpbls ugbklkfs cñvb-jfs).

YUHPBGABLQ Q/. 199.99 ([hkh fj tfrrbthrbh glabhglj, phr ahrrfh afrtb-`balkh).

QVKLCFUBAL VQ$ 109.99 (Fgvãh kbrfath kfskf Jbcl l auljqubfr kbrfaabñgfg plãsfs jltbghlcfrbalghs, afrtb`balkh).

GHU[FLCFUBAL VQ$ ;99.99 (V.Q.L., Alglkì y Câxbah, tlcebâg afrtb b̀alkh).

FVUHYL, LQBL, L@UBALR HAFLGBL VQ$ 699.99 (Ufsth kfj cugkh, phr ahrrfh afrtb`balkh).

Ghcerf> ..............................................................................................................................

Kbrfaabñg> ..........................................................................................................................

Abuklk> ..............................................................................................................................

[fj s̀.> ......................................................... @lx> ............................................................

YHU AHGAFY[H KF VGL QVQAUBYABHG LGVLJ LJYFUBHKBAH "CVGKH CBGFUH" (<5 fkbabhgfs)

Quafkbñ mlaf 59 lühsQljl kfMuâspfkfs

Clrbh Afkrñg Jlssus.

Yhr> Kr. Jlbr Ubefrbh

‚¸\uâ vls l sfr aulgkh sflsclyhr8– Fj cuamlamh fsauamlstl prfougtl cuamls vfafs yl ljbcfgtlgkh sufühs sherfl prh`fsbñg quf cìs jf ltrlf.Aulgkh kf vfrklk tbfgf quf kf-

bkbrsf, l jl mhrl kf fgtrlr fg jlgbvfrsbklk h kf sfoubr ug aur-h tâagbah, cuamls vfafs kukl, bgajush pufkf alceblr kf henf-vh y thclr htrh ruceh ahcpjf-lcfgtf kbstbgth lj klrsf aufg-l kf quf gh frl lqufjjh jh quffsflel. Cfnhr quf sfl lsã, fguolr kf ltlrsf plrl thkl jl vb-l l ug trlelnh quf gh jf ous-l.

Alkl vfz sf fxtbfgkf cìs fg-rf jhs nñvfgfs fj tfchr l gh fg-hgtrlr ug fcpjfh aulgkh tfr-

cbgfg sus fstukbhs. Fg rfljbklk,j kfsfcpjfh fs ugl lcfglzluf prfhaupl l cuaml ofgtf.

Cuamls pfrshgls shphrtlg aulj-ubfr sbtulabñg plrl ahgsfrvlrg trlelnh quf jfs olrlgtbzl ugljlrbh sfourh l ̀ bglj kf cfs y

fs prhphrabhgl ugl sfgslabñgf fstlebjbklk.Yfrh glkl fs fstlejf fg fj

cugkh latulj> thkh sf trlgs`hr-cl l ugl vfjhabklk gugal ahgh-bkl lgtfs. Jl tfaghjhoãl y jlsfjlabhgfs fahgñcbals fstìglceblgkh ahcpjftlcfgtf, ystì ajlrh quf fj trlelnh kf jlfgtf tlcebâg alceblrì.

Fj fcpjfh trlkbabhglj sf fstìalelgkh. Yufkf quf trlelnfsg ugl fcprfsl, olgfs tu sl-lrbh y kf fstl clgfrl prhorf-fs fg jl vbkl, pfrh alkl vfzs cìs bcprhelejf pfrclgf-fr cuamh tbfcph fg ug cbs-

ch trlelnh. R ahch jls rfjlabhgfs jleh-

ljfs fstìg alceblgkh, cuamlfgtf, alkl vfz cìs, sf pjlg-fl jl phsbebjbklk kf chgtlr su

prhpbh gfohabh y sfr su prhpbhufüh.

¸Añch slefr auìj fs fj ch-cfgth prhpbabh plrl mlafrjh8¸R quâ fs gfafslrbh plrl ahg-foubrjh8

Lgtf thkh, kfefs slefr fxla-lcfgtf quâ kfsfls mlafr, lug-uf plrl fjjh kfels ‚`lstbkblrtf–urlgtf ug eufg tbfcph ahchbcpjf fcpjflkh h lprfgkbz, hstukblr cuamh.

Ylrl lerbr ug gfohabh prh-pbh, jh quf fstì ajlrh fs quf gf-

QFU [V YUHYBH KVFÜH YUHQYFULUFG [V YUHYBH GFOHABH

afsbtlrìs kbgfrh. Ahg jl lyuklkf jl ̀ lcbjbl h kf jhs lcbohs, hlmhrrlgkh kurlgtf ljoþg tbfc-ph, suphgolchs quf ahgsboufsjh gfafslrbh plrl fcpfzlr. Yf-rh fj kbgfrh gh jh fs thkh. Qñjh

tfgkrìs ug gfohabh aulgkhfxbstlg ahcprlkhrfs plrl fj

prhkuath h fj sfrvbabh quf vfg-kls.Qb tbfgfs fj prhkuath (h fj

sfrvbabh) y jhs ajbfgtfs, ¸quâcìs gfafsbtls8 [ljfgth. Aulg-kh ug nuolkhr kf `þtehj sljf ljalcph, pufkf quf jjfvf jl cìsehgbtl kf jls alcbsftls y qufsfpl jlgzlr fj eljñg ahg cuamlphtfgabl, pfrh ahch gh tfgol

tljfgth plrl fstf kfphrtf, ̧ kfquâ jf sfrvbrì thkh fsh8 R lkf-cìs kf tljfgth, fs prfabsh ahc-prhcftfrsf ahg jl aljbklk. Aulg-kh plols phr ljoh, ¸gh fxbofsquf jh quf ahcprls sfl pfr`fa-

th8 Jhs ahgsucbkhrfs shg alkl vfz cìs fxbofgtfs y jl ahcpftfgabl fg fj cfralkh fs cuy`ufrtf, kf chkh quf kfefs ml-afr tu trlelnh l jl pfr`faabñg.

Qâ, sbcpjfcfgtf, fj cfnhrfg fj alcph fg fj quf trlelnfs.Bclobgl l khs lkhjfsafgtfs

quf shg cuy lcbohs y quf vlgsbfcprf nugths l jl pjlyl phr-quf jfs fgalgtl mlafr sur`. Qfplrfafg fg cuamls ahsls, fx-afpth fg fj rfgkbcbfgth fsah-jlr. Jhs jjlclrfchs Lrclgkh

y Ajlukbh.Lrclgkh kfabkf mlafr jhs

fxìcfgfs kf laafsh l jl ugbvfrsbklk plrl fgtrlr fg jl @l-aujtlk kf Fahgñcbals, fstukblcuamh y lprufel ahg ̀ labjbklk.Ajlukbh, phr prfsbhgfs `lcbjbl-rfs, sf prfsfgtl l jhs fxìcf-gfs plrl fgtrlr fg jl @laujtlkkf Bgofgbfrãl, pfrh gh fs alplzkf ahgafgtrlrsf fg jhs fstukbhs

y sñjh sf fgaufgtrl l ousth aulg-kh fstì mlabfgkh sur`. Gh ahg-sbouf lprhelr y lalel sbgtbâgkh-sf `ltlj, pfrh aulgkh vl l ml-afr sur` sf hjvbkl kf thkhs susprhejfcls, y jf oustl tlgth prla-

tbalr fstf kfphrtf, quf kfabkfahgstrubrsf âj cbsch ugl tlejlgufvl, ahg jl lyukl kf Lrclgkh.

Qu tlejl tbfgf ug orlg âxbthfg jl pjlyl, y htrh sur`bstl jf fg-alrol ugl boulj. Fg phah tbfc-ph, Ajlukbh y Lrclgkh tbfgfg

vlrbhs pfkbkhs kf tlejls y ahc-prfgkfg quf lqufjjh jfs pufkfklr kbgfrh. Jh aurbhsh fs quf

Lrclgkh, quf yl fstì fstukblg-kh Fahgñcbals, kfcufstrl sfrug orlg lrtfslgh fg jl ̀ lerbal-abñg kf tlejls, cbfgtrls quf fsAjlukbh qubfg sf kfkbal l jls

vfgtls y l kbrbobr fj gfohabh.Vg lüh cìs tlrkf, jh quf lj

prbgabpbh frl purl kbvfrsbñg sf

ml ahgvfrtbkh fg ugl fcprfsl.Lrclgkh sf kfsfcpfül tlgebfg fg fj tljjfr kf tlejls, qufml kfnlkh jl ̀ laujtlk plrl kfkb-alrsf l su gufvl prh`fsbñg, ylkfcìs bgvfstbol l trlvâs kfBgtfrgft plrl pfr`faabhglr susahghabcbfgths fg jl tâagbal kfahgstrubr tlejls. R Ajlukbh, lqubfg gh jf oustlel fstukblr, ml

vufjth l prfsfgtlrsf l jhs fxì-cfgfs kf laafsh l jl ugbvfrsb-klk y ml lprhelkh, phrquf jlprìatbal jf ml kfchstrlkh quf

tbfgf tljfgth plrl ... lkcbgbs- trlr fcprfsls.

Qñjh fs eufgh fg su gfohabhqubfg kbs`rutl ahg jh quf mlaf.Fsf fs fj prbgabplj sfarfth.

Qñjh tbfgf Yhkfr qubfg tbfgfjl alplabklk kf mlafr.


<;6

Fg jl mbsthrbl kf jl cbgfrãl pfrulgl sbfcprf sf mlgkfstlalkh jhs bgofgbfrhs quf, ahg vbsbñg fcprfslrblj,jhorlrhg prhkuabr kfslrrhjjh y klr trlelnh l cuamhspfrulghs. Fsf frl fj alsh kfj bgofgbfrh Lrturh Ljvl,qubfg bkfñ y ̀hrcñ Bgvfstbolabhgfs Cbgfrls Cftljþrob-als (BCBC), fcprfsl quf afjferlel l jh orlgkf <6lühs kf prfsfgabl fg fj cfral-kh. Gb ebfg forfsñ kf jl VGB,Ljvl sf ahgslorñ lj trlelnh cb-gfrh y kfslrrhjjñ jlehrfs fg

Afgtrhcbg. Fg fsl fsaufjl kfjl cbgfrãl, lvbzhrñ fj vlaãh qufmleãl fg jl bgkustrbl kf rfplrl-abñg, clgtfgbcbfgth y `lerbal-abñg kf plrtfs y pbfzls kf jhah-chthrls. Eusalgkh rfvfrtbr fslsbtulabñg `hrcñ BCBC. Frl uglfcprfsl chkfjh quf tfgãl rl-zhgfs plrl afjferlr> ahgtlelahg ugl chkfrgl pjlgtl, tljjf-rfs y ug prhpbh dghw mhw. Fgfsl hphrtugbklk, jl fstbrpf cb-gfrl sljukñ fstf hghcìstbahfg ugl rfahrklkl rfafpabñg qufkbh fj bgofgbfrh Ljvl fg su prh-pbh mholr.

Ufübkl frl jl ahcpftfgabl phjãtbal phr fj Kfalglthkfj Ahjfobh kf Bgofgbfrhs kfj Yfrþ, lsã ahch phr fjAlpãtujh kf Bgofgbfrhs kf Cbgls. Yhr fj prbcfr alrohahcpftãlg pljch l pljch fj Bgo. Aâslr @ufgtfs, qubfg

lphstlel phr jl rffjfaabñg, y fj Bgo. Lgthgbh Ejlgah,qubfg kfnlel fj Alpãtujh kf Bgo. Abvbj eusalgkh kbrbobrjhs kfstbghs l gbvfj glabhglj.

Yhr fj Alpãtujh kf Cbgls rfljbzlel ugl bgtfgsl alc-plül fj Bgo. Clrbh Afkrñg Jlssus, qubfg mleãl ahgorf-olkh l prh`fsbhgljfs kf prbcfrl jãgfl fg su jbstl.Kfstlalelg> jhs Bgos. Mfrlajbh Uãhs, Oustlvh Juyh,Lgthgbh Qlclgbfoh, Yfkrh Cbrlgkl Pfjìsqufz, Jubs[lbrl y Fkolrkh Ljvìg, fgtrf htrhs.

Htrl qufrbkl fcprfsl quf ̀fstfnlel ug lgbvfrslrbhcìs frl QRUQL Q.L (Qfrvbabhs y UfprfsfgtlabhgfsLshablkls Q.L), quf aucpjãl ? lühs kf fxbstfgabl fg<221. Fg fsl âphal, sf ahgshjbklel ahg orlg cârbthphr ug sfrvbabh f`babfgtf y phr jl aljbklk kf sus prh-kuaths lj sfathr cbgfrh. Elnh fj clgkh kf ClrbtlJftts, y ahg fj lphyh kf ugl bgahgkbabhglj Jbjblgl Quì-rfz kf @rfbtls, mhcfglnfh l thkh su pfrshglj fg ugorlth ljcufrzh fg fj Qführãh kf Qujah.

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