myanmar traditional-medicines

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WEEKLY ELEVEN NEWS NO.16, VOL.1 wGifyg0ifaomowif;aqmif;yg; *

WEEKLY ELEVEN NEWS NO.16, VOL.1 wGifyg0ifaomowif;aqmif;yg;ESifhywfoufí i

aq;ukdtvGeftrif;pm;oHk;rdygvQif #

txl;rSwfcsuf #

rSwfpk&Sif\trSmpm !

wkdif;&if;aq;a0g[m&ESifhodzG,f (t"dyÜm,f) P

(1) plvmezmESif haq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (1) - om*'dk; 1

1/ plvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 1

2/ uGrf;½GufESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 1

(1) ESvkH;a&m*g (Heart Attack) 1

(2) rsufpda&m*g? a&wdrfa&m*g ... 1

(3) em;xdkif;? em;av;a&m*g ... 1

(4) acgif;ukdufrsm;wJha&m*g ... 2

(5) vdyfacgif;ESifh vdyfacgif;aoG;,dkqif;a&m*g ... 2

(6) tmacgiftzka&m*g? vQmemusifylavmifa&m*g? oGm;zkH;ckH;xem ... 2

(7) vdyfacgif;aysmufaq;enf; (ae0if;vef'efpmtkyfrS) 2

(8) a,musfm;tlusa&m*g ... 2

3/ ajcz0g;qm;yGwfjcif;ESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 2

(1) ajcz0g;qm;yGwfenf; ... 2

(2) aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 2

4/ tpmpm;pOf jzpfwwfwJh rl;wl;wl;? qkdYwkdYwkdYa&m*g (tpmqkdY? aoG;qkdY? avqkdY) ... 3

5/ ajcuGJemESifh anmifap; ... 3

6/ aeYpOf tpmtqdyfawG ajzMuyg (xef;vsuf) ... 3

7/ rsufESmwGefYwm? ta&;taMumif;jzpfwm aysmufenf; ... 3

8/ tonf;a&m*gESifh a&zsOf;a&m*g jzpfjcif; ... 3

9/ ESm&nfpdk&TJa&m*g? ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh qm;a&aEG;jzwfoef;enf; ... 3

10/ tqdyfoifhjcif;? "mwfrwnfhjcif;ESifh wif;wdyf ... 4

11/ toufBuD;olrsm; pm;r0if? tdyfraysmfa&m*gESifh av&SLjcif;? avpm;jcif; ... 4

12/ yufvufbdkifpu,fpD;jcif;ESifh ajcaxmuftjrifhwGifxm;jcif; ... 4

13/ qD;csKd? aoG;csKda&m*gESifh eHYomeDrIefY? qefaq;&nf ... 5

rmwdum

. . . 1 . . .

rmwdum


14/ ukef;aA'gESifh a>rqdyfajz ... 5

15/ ÓmPf&nfwufzdkY jrif;cGm½Guf ... 5

16/ jrif;cGm½Guf aq;zuf0ifykH ... 5

17/ jrif;cGm½Guf&om,e (touf&Snf) aq; 6

18/ tonf;a&m*g? bDykd;? qD;csKdwkdYESifh awmifqD;jzLyif ... 7

19/ rarmatmifawmifwufenf;? c&D;a0;avQmufenf; ... 7

20/ temrD;ESifh ausmufrD;aoG; ... 7

21/ tbdk;BuD;rsm; armarmae&if tkef;ESJ (= OESJ = OEéJ) ½Gufaomuf ... 7

22/ acsmif;qdk;? yef;emESifh &J,dkoD;? ysm;&nf ... 7

23/ urÇmYenf;vrf; udk,fwdkifprf; ... 7

(2) plvmezmESif haq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (2) - om*'dk; 9

1/ aq;bk&ifplvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 9

2/ onf;ajcxJu ausmufaMuenf;ESifh rJZvDtjrpf? tkef;&nf ... 9

3/ qD;vGefjcif;ESifh cHwuf½Guf ... 9

4/ iSufzsm;ESifh &Sdef;cdk? uGrf;½Guf? aeZmjruf? Muyfcdk; ... 9

5/ wyifEdkifjreef;ESifh uifqm ... 9

6/ wpfudk,fvHk; qm;yGwfjcif;ESifh udk,fwGif;"mwfaiGU oefYpifenf; ... 10

7/ qm;ESifh tzsm;a&m*g ... 10

8/ ausmufz½kHoD;ESifh aoewf'Pf&m ... 10

9/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfeJY vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ... 10

10/ plvmezmESifh vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ... 11

11/ puúLyef;ESifh aoG;wkd;a&m*g ... 11

12/ acgif;avmif;yef;ESifh ESvkH;a&m*g ... 11

13/ aqmif;ESif;&nfESifh taMuma&m*g ... 11

14/ ysm;&nfESifh yifv,ftlem0rf;avQm .... 11

15/ yifpdrf;ESifh t&ufjzwfaq; ... 11

16/ tlaq;jcif;ESifh ESvkH;a&m*g ... 11

17/ 'defcsOfESifh qD;csKd? uifqm ... 12

18/ wifyg;tem*syfjym;BuD;eJY refusnf;½GufMuyfxkyf ... 12

19/ plvmezmESifh uefYuvm (*efY*vm) jcm;em;csuf ... 12

20/ uefYuvmESifh ywfoufí ... 12

21/ rsufESmrS rSJUuGuf? rSJUrnf;BuD;rsm;ESifh vufonf;? aq;vdyfrS jym ... 12

. . . 2 . . .

rmwdum


22/ avwGef;tm;enf;yg;aomaMumifh 0rf;csKyf? 0rf;usyf ESifh AkdufavhusifhcPf; ... 13

23/ uGrf;½GufeJY om;tdrfuifqm ... 13

24/ uefpGef;½kd;teDESifh aoG;yspfa&m*g ... 13

25/ 0JESif;claysufaq; ... 13

26/ <uufEkdYaysmufenf; ... 14

(3) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (1) - armifarmifvdIif (tyfpd kufuk) 15

1/ bmomjyefol\ trSmpm... 15

2/ rodvkdUao&wmyg... 15

3/ tav;tyifrwJhtvkyfawG rvkyfygeJYaemf? ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfa&m*gawG jzpfEdkifygw,f ... 15

4/ odyÜHynm&SifawGtBuHjyKwhJ rdepf0uf(3)rsKd; ... 15

5/ rdepf0ufokH;rsKd;u umuG,fEldifonfh a&m*grsm; ... 15

6/ odyÜHynm&SifawG tBuHjyKwhJ em&D0uf(3)rsKd; ... 16

7/ em&D0uf okH;rsKd;u umuG,fEkdifwJh a&m*grsm; ... 16

8/ usef;rmapzdkY enf;vrf;wus pm;aomufyg ... 16

9/ usef;rmapzdkY oifhawmfwJh tm;upm;vkyfyg ... 17

10/ usef;rmapzdkY aq;vdyfjzwf? t&ufavQmhyg ... 17

11/ usef;rmapzdkY pdwfaeoabmxm;rQwyg ... 17

12/ pdwfom t"du? aq;0g;u 'kwd, ... 18

13/ pdwfcsrf;om r*Fvm (8)yg;aq; ... 18

14/ tzdk;wefaom 'óepmpkrsm; ... 18

15/ uAsm Oayu©m ... 19

(4) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (2) - armifarmifvdIif (tyfpd kufuk) 21

1/ urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJUcsKyfaqmifyk'f ... 21

2/ usef;rma&;twGuf aomufp&mt&nf (6)rsKd; ... 21

3/ ESvkH;tckef&yfapjcif; taMumif;&if; ... 21

4/ vlü&dSaom tjrifh (3)yg; ... 21

5/ yef;*sKHrSm&dSaom tcs (3)yg; ... 21

6/ yef;*sKHpm;wJhvlrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g ... 21

7/ ajratmufOawGrSm&dSaom pkyf,ljcif; (3)yg; ... 21

8/ ajratmufOpm;wJhvlrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g ... 22

9/ auGumtkwfaMumifh tqDeJY aoG;wkd;us ... 22

10/ yJEdkYu umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22

. . . 3 . . .

rmwdum


11/ rkefvmOeDu umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22

12/ a&Tz½kHoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22

13/ Muuf[if;cg;oD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22

14/ c&rf;csOfoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22

15/ MuufoGefjzLu umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 22

16/ tufpy&if (Aspirin) awG ... raomufMuygeJYawmh ... 23

17/ <uufem;½GufrdIu umuG,fwJha&m*g ... 23

18/ aoG;yspfcRJwwfwJh vlwef;pm; ... 23

19/ pdrf;jyma&nd§ (Spirulina) u umuG,fay;wJha&m*g ... 23

20/ &,farmjcif;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI ... 24

(5) jrefrmhaq;NrD;wkdrsm; - ae0if; (vef'ef) 25

1/ <uufEkdYaysmufaq;enf;ESifh cHwufacguf ... 25

2/ acgif;ukduf? ZufaMumwuf? rsuf½kd;ukkdufaysmufaq;enf; ... 25

3/ acgif;rl;aysmufaq;ESifh ysm;&nf? oHyk&m&nf ... 25

4/ csKdif;eHYaysmufaq;ESifh xkH;a&Munf ... 25

5/ acsmif;qkd;yef;emESifh rJZvD½Guf (ayG;ukdif;½Guf)? t&uf ... 25

6/ ajczrkd;a&mif&rf;jcif;ESifh ½Gufusyifayguf ... 25

7/ ajcz0g;tom;rm? uGJtuf? emusifjcif;ESifh qD ... 26

8/ iSufzsm;a&m*gaysmufaq;enf;? aq;cg;BuD; ... 26

9/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh *kH;cg; ... 26

10/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh uGrf;½Guf? 'eYfovGef½Guf?aq;½GufBuD; ... 26

11/ qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwfaysmufaq;? iSufaysm ... 26

12/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh oHrEdkif? ausmufrEkdif ... 26

13/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;? ysm;&nf ... 26

14/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh xdu½Hk; ... 26

15/ qD;csKdaysmufaq; ... uif;ykH½Guf ... 27

16/ wdkufzGdKuf (tla&mifief;zsm;) a&m*gESifh yJ&mZm (ac:) yJeDav; ... 27

17/ ZufaMumwufa&m*gESifh a&SmufoD; ... 27

18/ wif;wdyfESifh tkef;rIwfcGH ... 27

19/ wif;wdyfESihf 'EÅokc ... 27

20/ wkyfauG;aysmufaq;? uGrf;½GufESifhtjcm; ... 27

21/ xdckduf? yGef;yJh'Pf&mrsm;ESifh &cdkifiSufaysmoD; ... 27

. . . 4 . . .

rmwdum


22/ xdckduf&SemESifh uGrf;pm;xkH; ... 27

23/ xdyfcwfemESifh r½dk;yif^ ig;jzLBuD;yif ... 28

24/ 'lvm? rD;,yfa&m*gESifh ausmufz½kHoD;? xef;vsuf ... 28

25/ 'lvm? rD;,yfESifh MuufoGefeD? xef;vsuf? refusnf;oD;rSnfh ... 28

26/ 'l;acgif;ESihf tqpftjrpfudkufESifh wrmaphtajcmuf ... 28

27/ em;ydk;aumif0ifESifh qm;&nfMunf ... 28

28/ em;jynf,dkemESifh [if;*vm½Guf ... 29

29/ em;tl? em;avxGufESifh aMumifvQmoD;? aMumifvQm½Guf ... 29

30/ aemufaMumwufjcif;ESifh &Sdef;cdk? xef;vsuf ... 29

31/ ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;jcif;ESifh oHyk&moD; ... 29

32/ ESmacgif;ydwfa&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 29

33/ ESmacgif;aoG;,dkESifh oabmFoD;? oMum; ... 29

34/ yef;em&ifusyf? azma&mifjcif;ESifh yHpif;ikH ... 29

35/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh a&Smuf? t&uf? ysm;&nf ... 29

36/ ayG;? ,m;emESihf ydEJétap; ... 29

37/ zaESmifh½dk;twufxGufjcif;ESifh qm;? uGrf;½Guf ... 30

38/ rD;,yfjzLqif;jcif;ESifh zvHawmifa0S;yif ... 30

39/ rD;,yfaoG;qkH;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ... 30

40/ rsufpdpGefaysmufenf;? ajcz0g;qm;yGwf ... 30

41/ rsufpd,m;jcif;ESifh qm;Muyfxkyf ... 30

42/ a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;ESifh oGm;wkdufaq; ... 31

43/ a&zsOf;a&m*g ... 31

44/ a&,kefESifh csuft&uf ... 31

45/ avief;? avjzwfaysmufaq;enf; ... 31

46/ avema&m*gESifh qm;rD;zkwf? eEGif;rIefY ... 32

47/ aoG;wkd;? ausmufuyf? ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;ESifh avmufao½Guf ... 32

48/ iSufzsm;ESifh avmufao½Guf ... 32

49/ 0Jajcmuf? ,m;emESifh oyGwfcg;oD;? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ... 32

50/ 0JESif;clajcmufESifh wrm? uGrf;½Guf ... 32

51/ 0JESif;cltpdkESifh qD;jzLoD;? 'kw¬m ... 33

52/ 0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ... 33

53/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ... 33

54/ 0rf;rSef0rf;EIwfaq; ... 33

. . . 5 . . .

rmwdum


55/ 0rf;avQma&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ... 33

56/ 0rf;rSefawaq;ausmf (eef;wGif;okH;) ... 33

57/ ovdyfuyfacsmif;qdk;ESifh yifpdrf;? a&Smuf? xef;vsuf ... 34

58/ oefcsaq;ESifh oabmFaph 34

59/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq;enf; (1) 34

60/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq;enf; (2) 34

61/ tzktusdwf? oufwHhESifh &cdkifiSufaysmoD; ... 35

62/ oGm;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;/ rmvumacguf? eEGif; ... 35

63/ oGm;a&m*gESifh iydvufav;opf ... 35

64/ aoG;tH? aoG;oufESifh c&rf;csOfoD; ... 35

65/ aoG;uifqmaysmufaq;enf;ESif rD;uGif;*rkef; ... 35

66/ aoG;wkd;ESihf awmqD;jzL (0g) a&qD;jzL ... 35

67/ aoG;wkd;ESifh eEGif;cg;? ysm;&nf ... 36

68/ aoG;wkd;ESifh puúLyef; ... 36

69/ aoG;wkd;? tom;0g? tonf;a&mifESifh qD;jzLoD;? zefcg;oD; ... 36

70/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESihf oabmFoD;rSnfh ... 36

71/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESihf oabmF½Guftpdrf;? EG,fcsKd ... 36

72/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;pdrf;O? ysm;&nf ... 36

73/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESihf eEGif;rIefY? uGrf;pm;xkH; ... 36

74/ temrD;? tempufESifh ½Gufusyifayguf ... 36

75/ t½kd;usKd;? t½kd;tuf? tqpfvGJESifh qifwkH;rEG,ft½Guf ... 37

76/ tom;uGJ? tom;ywfESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 37

77/ tom;0ga&m*gESifh pyg;vif ... 37

78/ tom;0g? tonf;a&mifa&m*gESifh 'ef;BuD;yif ... 37

79/ tmoD;a&mif (yoda&mif) ESifh ysOf;awmfodrf½Guf ... 37

80/ tufppfylavmifjcif;ESifh uGrf;½GufoMum; ... 37

½Guf? acguf? jrpf? oD; aq;enf;(1000)?

wkdif;&if;jrefrmtdrfokH;aq;rsm; - OD;vScif (qef;ñGef YOD;)

1/ c½koif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf? zefcg; ... 39

2/ ptkd0,m;jcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 39

3/ cHwGif;ysufjcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf,dk ... 39

4/ ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd}} aq;jzifh aysmufuif;Ekdifaoma&m*grsm; ... 39

(6) 39

. . . 6 . . .

rmwdum


5/ BudwfrSef½Guf vufokyf ... 39

6/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESifh eEGif;rIefY? eHYomjzL ... 39

7/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESifh oHyk&m&nfaph ... 39

8/ iSufzsm;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 40

9/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh jrif;cGm½Guf? i½kwfaumif; ... 40

10/ iSufzsm;ESifh jrif;cGg? yifpdrf;? i½kwfaumif; ... 40

11/ qD;usef? qD;enf;? qD;atmifhjcif;? jrif;cGm? oMum; ... 40

12/ qD;yl? qD;enf;? qD;aoG;ygjcif;ESifh 'EÅokc ... 40

13/ qD;csKyfjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 40

14/ qD;wpfpuf? wpfpufusjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD... 40

15/ qD;atmifh (ausmufwnf) jcif;ESifh xdu½kH;tjrpf ... 40

16/ qifclvnfjywfem ... 40

17/ n§if;aygufvQifESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 40

18/ ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (owd? ynmtm;wkd;aq;) ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf? ESrf;qD ... 40

19/ wif;wdyfESifh 'EÅokc... 41

20/ xdyfuyfemESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 41

21/ em;udkufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD... 41

22/ em;avxGufjcif;ESifh w½kwfpum;yGifh ... 41

23/ em;tlavxGufjcif;ESifh oabFm½Guf ... 41

24/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf? qifwkef;rEG,f ... 41

25/ ESvkH;a&m*gESifh BudwfrSef½Guf,kdaq; ... 41

26/ ESmap;acsmif;qkd; ... 41

27/ ESmydwf? ESmacgif;teUHr&jcif; ... 41

28/ yef;emESifh ausmufz½kHcg;oD; ... 41

29/ yef;emESifh qD;jzLoD;... 41

30/ yef;emESifh aMumifvQmyiftacguf... 41

31/ yef;em&ifusyf'd|aysmufaq;ESifh oabFmoD;... 42

32/ ayG;? 0J?,m;emESifh MuufoGefjzLOwpfvkH; ... 42

33/ raemr,&aohBuD;ODcEÅDenf; (oraxmysm;ayG;) ... 42

34/ rD;avmifemESifh iSufaysmoD;rSnfh... 42

35/ rD;avmifemESifh BudwfrSef? yifpdrf; ... 42

36/ rD;avmifemaMumifhtrm&GwfjzLESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 42

37/ ,m;emESifh ca&yGifh? jrif;cGm½Guf ... 42

. . . 7 . . .

rmwdum


38/ a&,kefemESifh uif;ykH½Guf ... 43

39/ &ifwkefarmyef;jcif;ESifh a&Smuf? xef;vsuf ... 43

40/ avief;a&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;? qifwkH;? ysm;&nf ... 43

41/ taMuma&m*gESifh BudwfrSef½Gufvufokyf ... 43

42/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; 43

43/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;O? ysm;&nf ... 43

44/ temaygufvQif ... 43

45/ trm&Gwfaysmufap&ef ... 43

46/ touf&Snfaq;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf... 43

47/ touf&Snfaq;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf... 43

48/ touf&SnfEkysKdap&ef qD;jzL? zefcg; ... 44

49/ tlusa&m*gESifh ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd}} aq; ... 44

(7) rD;zk dacsmifrSaq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; (yxrwGJ) .../ - OD;vScif (qef;ñGef YOD;) 45

1/ MuufoGefjzLESifh aoG;wkd;a&m*g ... 45

2/ MuufoGefjzLESifh vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ... 45

3/ MuufoGefjzLESifh ayG;0J,m;em ... 45

4/ tm;wkd;aq;ESifh MuufoGefeDaph ... 45

5/ qD;rsm;ap&efESifh MuufoGefeD ... 45

6/ qD;wpfpufwpfpufusjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 45

7/ vdyfacgif;aoG;ygESifh MuufoGefeD ... 45

8/ BudKUxkd;aysmufaq;enf; ... 45

9/ atmhtHjcif;? BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD? csif; ... 45

10/ acsmif;qkd;&ifusyfaysmufaq;enf; ... 45

11/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;O? ysm;&nf ... 46

12/ ESmacgif;aoG;,kdESifh oHyk&moD; ... 46

13/ vnfacsmif;a&m*gESifh oHyk&m&nf? ysm;&nf ... 46

14/ rufuavmifa&m*gESifh Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ... 46

15/ qD;ylusOffatmifhESifh ausmufz½kHoD; 46

16/ 'lvmoa&mESifh ausmufz½kHoD; ... 46

17/ yef;em? avemESifh ausmufz½kHoD; ... 46

18/ toH0if? toHuyf? vnfacsmif;emESifh 'efovGefjrpf ... 46

19/ 'lvmoa&mESifh qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;O ... 46

. . . 8 . . .

rmwdum


20/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifh acG;v,m;jrpf ... 46

21/ om;tdrfavQmemESifh acG;v,m;jrpf ... 47

22/ b&if*sDem (*&if*sDem) ESifh [if;Eke,f ... 47

23/ jrif;cGm½Gufaq;ESifh a&m*gpkH ... 47

24/ 0ufjcHaygufjcif;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf ... 47

25/ BudwfrSef½Gufawaq;ESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 47

26/ BudwfrSef½GufESifh tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm ... 47

27/ ESif;clESifh 'EÅokc 48

28/ qD;yl? qD;enf;? aoG;ygESifh 'EÅokc 48

(8)rD;zk dacsmifrSaq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; ('kwd,wGJ) .../ - OD;vScif (qef;ñGef YOD;) 49

1/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifhESifh uñGwfO ... 49

2/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh uñGwfO ... 49

3/ rD;,yfa&m*gESifh uñGwfO ... 49

4/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESifh c&myif ... 49

5/ vQmem (cHwGif;ysufjcif;) ESifh c&rf;csOfoD; ... 49

6/ cHwGif;ysuf (vQmem) ESifh *kHrif; ... 49

7/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifh r½dk;yif (ijzLBuD;) ... 49

8/ wif;wdyfESifh ijzLBuD;tap; ... 49

9/ temaygufaq;ESifh ijzLBuD;tap; ... 50

10/ tm;aq;ESifh iSufaysmoD;zD;Murf; ... 50

11/ tom;0gESifh pyg;vif ... 50

12/ &aohBuD;OD;cEÅD\ (96)yg;aq; ... 50

13/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifhESifh w½kwfpum;yGifh ... 50

14/ vQmyGwfaq; (cHwGif;ysufa&m*g) ESifh w½kwfpum;yGifh ... 50

15/ qifwkH;rEG,fcsufaq; (ÓmPf&SdovkdokH;) ... 50

16/ rD;,yfjzLESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 50

17/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;? pdwfacsmufjcm;jcif;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f? jrif;cGm½Guf ... 50

18/ udk,fa&0ga&m*g (tom;0g) ESifh qifwkH;rEG,ft½Guf? 'defcsOf ... 50

19/ qifclvnfjywfESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 50

20/ xkHepdka&m*gESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 51

21/ avief;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f? &Sm;apmif;vufyyf? ysm;&nf ... 51

22/ rD;,yfydefvsufqm;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 51

. . . 9 . . .

rmwdum


23/ ava&m*gESifh qD;oD; ... 51

24/ rsufpda&m*gESifh wrmoD; ... 51

25/ qD;a&m*gESifh wrmoD; ... 51

26/ jrif;o½dkufem\ vu©Pm ... 51

27/ &Sm;apmif;vufywfESifh a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; ... 51

28/ 'lvm? rD;,yftm;wdk;aq;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 52

29/ wnif;oD;qm;pdrf&nfESifh qD;csKda&m*g... 52

30/ (96)yg;aq;BuD;ESifh xef;vsuf? MuufoGef ... 52

31/ yef;emaq;ESifh MuufoGefeD? yifpdrf;? xef;vsuf ... 53

32/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh ukef;xdu½kef; ... 53

33/ vdyfacgif;jrif;o½kdufemESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 53

34/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 53

35/ ESif;claysmufaq;ESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 53

36/ tazmusaq;ESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 53

37/ temyqkyfESifh xdu½kH; ... 53

38/ 0NzKd;vSyapaomaxmywfaq; ... 53

39/ aoG;tm;wkd;aq;BuD;ESifh axmywf ... 53

40/ touf&Snfawaq;BuD;ESifh axmywf ... 53

41/ tdyfraysmfjcif;ESifh axmywf ... 54

(9) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf (1) - eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzJG U 55

1/ oGm;zkH;a&mifESifh xkH; ... 55

2/ rkwfa&m*g? abmBuD;a&m*gESifh 'DZ,fqD? ESrf;qD ... 55

3/ oGm;udkufa&m*gESifh &J,kdoD;jym ... 55

4/ ,m;em? wif;wdyf? 0JESif;clESifh oyGwfcg; ... 55

5/ avjzwf? pum;roGufjcif;ESifh oyGwfcg;oD; ... 55

6/ qD;yl?qD;atmifhESifh eEGif;rIefY? qD;jzLoD;? ysm;&nf ... 55

7/ oGm;ukdufa&m*gESifh uyfpD;ESJoD;trIefY ... 55

8/ acgif;udkufjcif;ESifh iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ... 55

9/ "mwfrwnfhí ,m;,Hjcif;ESifh qefvufwpfqkyf? eEGif;rIefY ... 56

10/ 0rf;avQm? 0rf;ukdufESifh a&aEG;Murf;? ysm;&nf ... 56

11/ oGm;a&m*gESifh wrm½kd; ... 56

12/ 'lvmvdyfacgif;? aoG;0rf;ESifh tifwGJrIefY? xef;vsuf ... 56

. . . 10 . . .

rmwdum


13/ qD;yla&m*gESifh aumuf½kd;jyKwf? oMum; ... 56

14/ om;onfrdcifrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfESifh i½kwf½GufjyKwf&nftaiGU ... 56

15/ rD;avmifemESifh iSufaysmoD;rSnfh ... 56

16/ ajcz0g;uGJtufemESifh aq;uwå&m (coata) ... 56

17/ touf&SLusyf? armyef;jcif;ESifh a&SmufoD;tEk ... 56

18/ aq;zuf0ifBudwfrSef ... 57

19/ om;onfrdcifrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfESifh &J,dk½Guf ... 57

20/ tckd;ydwf? aMumwif;a&m*gESifh uGrf;½kd; ... 57

21/ ESvHk;tm;aumif;onfh cs&m; (okdY) ca& ... 57

22/ pkdajyjynfhNzKd;? tiftm;wkd;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ... 57

23/ oGm;ukdufoGm;emESifh qefvGwfeEGif;rIefY ... 58

24/ qD;csKdESifh ykwD;jzLvufzufajcmuf (ykwD;jzL = awmifqD;jzL) ... 58

25/ tpmtdrfava&m*gESifh eEGif;oHowfa& ... 58

26/ av;bufema&m*gESifh ajcaxmufqm;a&pdrf ... 59

27/ tqpfa&mifa&m*gESifh w½kwfpum;yif ... 59

28/ twufa&m*gESifh oHyk&moHowf&nf ... 59

29/ wif;wdyfESifh axmywfoD;aph? ausmufcsOf ... 59

30/ tqpftjrpfxkHusOfukdufcJa&m*gESifh Z0ufom? oHvGifqD ... 59

31/ azma&mifa&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 59

32/ qHyifeufaq; (BudwfrSef? qD;jzL) ... 60

33/ tom;rmESifh wrm½Guf? *sKHrIefY ... 60

34/ <uufEkdY? tom;rm? rSJYESifh oabFmyif ... 60

35/ acsmif;qkd;aoG;ygESifh zkHrodef½Guf ... 60

36/ 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQma&m*gESifh ydawmufacguf ... 60

37/ xdckduf? zl;a&mif? taMumrsufESifh oHyk&moD; ... 61

38/ cg;udkuf? cg;emESifh oabFm½Guf ... 61

39/ t½kd;usD;aygif;wufa&m*gESifh a&Smuf½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ... 61

40/ axmywf&JUpGrf;tm; ... 61

(10) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf (2) - eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJ U 63

1/ ausmufcsOfrD;azguf? tukduftcJaysmuf ... 63

2/ qD;a&m*g? azma&mifjcif;? rsufpda&m*gESifh z&JoD;? oMum; (w½kwfaq;NrD;wkd) ... 63

3/ qD;aMumifhjzpfaomanmif;nmukdufcJa&m*gESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 63

. . . 11 . . .

rmwdum


4/ rnf;rnf;csdwfcsdwfwif;wdyfESifh y'kr®mMum½kd; ... 63

5/ qD;atmifh? qD;ukdufESifh oHyk&m? ,rf;pdrf; ... 63

6/ jrpfyGm;em? tzktusdwfa&m*gESifh aq;pGrf;aumif; (jrpfyGm;em = uifqm) ... 63

7/ tonf;BuD;a&m*gESifh ay½Guf ... 64

8/ tpm;rSm;í ,m;,Hjcif;ESifh xef;vsuf ... 64

9/ iSufzsm;ESifh &Sdef;ckd ... 64

10/ ,mOfpD;pOf rl;a0? atmhtHvQif ... 64

11/ rsufpdxdckdufrIESifh i½kwfaumif; ... 64

12/ c½koif;ESifh {u&mZfjrpf ... 64

13/ Muyfxkyfxkd;enf; ... 64

14/ rsufpdMunf? tanmif;ajy? taMumajyESifh ajce,fqD... 65

15/ aoG;wkd;? qD;csKd? avief;a&m*g ESifh a&SmufoD; ... 65

16/ vdyfacgif;a&m*gESifh xdu½kH; ... 65

17/ qD;atmifha&m*gaysmufapaom yGJawGUenf;aumif; ... 65

18/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;BuD;tap; ... 65

19/ tonf;ajcmufa&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf... 65

20/ oHyk&moD;ESifh csKdif;acR;eHY ... 65

21/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ... 66

22/ taMumwufcg;emESifh ouf&if;BuD; ... 66

23/ &Sm;apmif;vufn§Kd;ESifh vdyfacgif; ... 66

24/ uav;rsm;tlus (abmus) a&m*gESifh 'efBuD;½Guf ... 66

25/ trsKd;orD;rsm;tjzLqif;cJhaomf ... 67

(11) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf (3) - eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJ U 69

1/ uav;ESmydwfa0'emESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 69

2/ temrD;? temvQHESifh i&HUywl½Guf ... 69

3/ tqkwf (wDbD) a&m*gESifh i&HUywl½Guf ... 69

4/ trl;a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;? tpmrSm;? &ifjynfh&ifu,f? aoG;wkd; ESifh {u&mZf... 69

5/ 0rf;oufjcif;?pdwfESvHk;ylyefjcif;? qDeDusOfaemuf a&m*g ESifh a&xdu½kH; ... 69

6/ ydpyfyif (AdZwfyif) udk,fawGUaq;enf;rsm; ... 69

7/ xdckduf&SemESifh ukef;aA'g (qD;csKd? aoG;csKd&dSol) ... 70

8/ yef;em&ifusyfa0'emESifh rk½dk;½Guf ... 70

9/ aoG;Ekom;Ek? xkHusOfudkufcJ/ &if;jym;wpfyJ? xif;wpfvSnf; ... 70

. . . 12 . . .

rmwdum


10/ 0JtpdkESifh a&eHacs;? razmufxkH; ... 70

11/ uif;udkufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 70

12/ 'l;emjcif;ESifh a&SmufoD;? MuufoGefeD ... 70

13/ qD;a&m*gESifh vufzuftpdk? ausmufcsOf ... 71

14/ rsufpdemESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 71

15/ udk,fyltjrefusap&efESifh pm;aqmf'g? oMum; ... 71

16/ qD;atmifh? ausmufwnfESifh jynfvkH;csrf;om ... 71

17/ EIwfcrf;uGJ? usD;uef;yg;pyfESifh xrif;tdk;qlvmaom tjrKyf ... 71

18/ avxdk;? avatmifhESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 71

19/ avjzwfjcif;ESifh usD;tm;oD; ... 71

20/ tdyfraysmfjcif;ESifh 'efYuRJ½Guf ... 71

21/ tylusdwfeJY eEGif;cg;O ... 72

22/ qHyiftwGufenf;wpfvuf ... 72

23/ aq;pGrf;aumif;wpfvuf ... 72

24/ cg;emESifh qifaygif;qD ... 73

(12) azGazG&Sm&Smwdkif;&if;aq;ynm - a'gufwmatmifEd kif (aq;okawoe) 75

1/ temaygufjcif;ESifh rmvum½Guf? ysm;&nf ... 75

2/ ESvHk;wkef&ifckef? touf&SLr0wJha0'emESifh emewf? oMum;? ysm;&nf ... 75

3/ oefusapaom emewfoD;ESifh ysm;&nf ... 75

4/ temref;? rD;avmifzk? a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;ESihf emewfoD; ... 75

5/ 0rf;udkufa0'emESifh upfrDuGpf (Kiss me quick) ... 75

6/ tiftm;jynfhNzdK;tvSwdk;apzdkY pHy,fyGifhajcmuf? ESif;qDyGifhvTmajcmuf? vufzufajcmuf ... 76

7/ aoG;om;rrSefanmif;ukdufjcif;? tjzLqif;jcif;? qD;yl? qD;atmifhjcif;ESifh pHy,fyGifh? oMum;? oHyk&m&nf ... 76

8/ iSufzsm;ESifh yifpdrf; ... 76

9/ tpmtdrfa&m*g? tpmtdrftemaygufjcif;? tlodrfOD;tem? tpmraMujcif;? cHwGif;ysufjcif;ESifh EdkudkO ... 76

10/ cg;em? cg;½kd;usD;aygif;wufESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76

11/ temvkH;BuD;awG? tusdwfawGESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76

12/ rdwf? ,m;em? ayG;? 0JajcmufESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76

13/ em;jynf,dk? em;udkufESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76

14/ uav;avxdk;avatmifh? Adkufem? oefaumif? wkwfaumifxESifh yifpdrf;½Guf ... 76

15/ acsmif;qdk;? vnfacsmif;emESifh yifpdrf; ... 77

16/ <uufEdkY? wif;wdyf? rSJUajcmuf? c½koif;ESifh yifpdrf; ... 77

. . . 13 . . .

rmwdum


17/ xl;wJhtmvl; ... 77

18/ xdcdkuf'Pf&m? rkwfqdwf&dwf"m;&SESifh ausmufcsOf... 78

19/ rdwf,m;?ESif;cltpkd? tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;ukdufESifh ausmufcsOf ... 78

20/ ausmufcsOfESifh tqDus? tom;uspfydefaq; ... 78

21/ rsufpda&m*g? em;a&m*gESifh ausmufcsOf... 79

22/ tdyfraysmfwJha&m*gESifh ausmufcsOf? uRJEkdYrvkdif... 79

23/ cHwGif;eHYraumif;jcif;ESifh ausmufcsOf? pm;qkd'g ... 79

24/ oGm;ykd;pm;? oGm;ukdufESifh ausmufcsOf?y½kwf... 79

25/ temtzkvHk;? tusdwfvHk;ESifh ausmufcsOfysm;&nf... 79

26/ oGm;zkH;a&pD;urf;NydKaoG;xGufESifh ausmufcsOfwrm½Guf... 79

27/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHESifh ausmufcsOf ... 79

(13) a&m*gokw aq;okw - a'gufwmatmifEk dif (aq;okawoe) 81

1/ ÓmPftm;aumif;apjcif;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf ... 81

2/ OD;aESmuftm;aq;ESifh Am'HoD;ysm;&nf ... 81

3/ ODaESmuftm;aq;ESifh Am'HoD;? axmywf ... 81

4/ rSwfÓmPfaumif;jcif;ESifh Am'HqD ... 81

5/ wkyfauG;ESifh yifpdrf;? csif; ... 81

6/ wkyfauG;ESifh eEGif;rIefY ... 81

7/ avema&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD;? EG,fcsKd ... 82

8/ avema&m*gESifh zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ... 82

9/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh acG;ao;yef;½Guf ... 82

10/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh awmMuufarmufaq;vdyff... 82

11/ qD;Budwfa&mifa&m*g (nbuf cPcP qD;oGm;csifwJha&m*g) ESifh cHwuf½Guf ... 82

12/ qD;rxdef;Ekdifaom a&m*gvu©PmESifh owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm; ... 83

13/ ausmufuyfa&mifa&m*gESifh Bwdzv ... (opfqdrfhoD;? MupkoD;? qD;jzLoD; = Bwdzv) 83

14/ yoda&mif (tmoD;a&mif) a&m*g ... 84

15/ rsufESmwpfjcrf;aoa&m*gESifh BuD;av;aumifaq; ... 84

16/ 0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf; ... 84

(14) vufawGUtoHk;0if½k d;&maq;yifESif haq;enf;rsm; .../ - armif,OfEG,f 85

1/ qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwfjcif;ESifh u&ruf ... 85

2/ ESvkH;wkef?&ifckefolrsm;? aoG;yla&m*g&Sifrsm; ESifh u&ruf ... 85

3/ rdwfzkrsm;xGufjcif; ESifh u&ruf... 85

. . . 14 . . .

rmwdum


4/ jynfwnfaomtemESifh u&ruf ... 85

5/ tylBuD;í tjyif;zsm;ESifh u&ufruf... 85

6/ n§if;wif;wdyfESifh yifv,fuopfzk ... 85

7/ ESvkH;wkef? &ifckef? tdyfraysmf? qD;0g csKyf? 0rf;csKyf? ezl;yl? ajczsm;vufzsm;at;ESifh uifyGef;csOf½Guf ... 85

8/ tom;0gESifh uifyGef;csOf½Guf ... 85

9/ aoG;tH? aoG;0rf;? ESmacgif;aoG;,kdESifh uefpGef;O ... 86

10/ qD;yl? anmif;usESifh uefpGef;½Guf ... 86

11/ rD;avmifem? a&aEG;ylavmifemESifh uefpGef;½Guf... 86

12/ tylusdwfrsm;ESifh upGef;½kd;eD ... 86

13/ tqdyfoifhjcif;ESifh uefpGef;½Guf ... 86

14/ yg;pyfeHjcif;? yg;pyfwGiftemaygufjcif;? oGm;zkH;rSaoG;,kdjcif;? aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;ESifh uefpGef;½kd;eD ... 86

15/ vdyfacgif;a&m*gESifh w½kwfuefpGef; ... 86

16/ oGm;udkufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 86

17/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD... 86

18/ em;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87

19/ qHyifjzLjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87

20/ acG;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87

21/ uif;? tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;rsm;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87

22/ qefykd;wG,fjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87

23/ xdyfajymifjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87

24/ acgif;&SdaAmuf? oef;rsm;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 87

25/ ausmufuyf? qD;ESifh MuufoGefeD... 87

26/ aoG;wkd;ESvkH;ESifh MuufoGefjzL?ysm;&nf ... 87

27/ acG;ukdufjcif;ESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 88

28/ tqpfa&mifa&m*gESifh Muuf[if;cg;oD;tEk ... 88

29/ qD;csKda&m*gESifh Muuf[if;cg; ... 88

30/ azma&m*gESifh aMumifyef;½Guf? ouf&if;BuD;jrpf ... 88

31/ anmif;usa&m*gESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 88

32/ cE¨mukd,fav;vHxkdif;rIdif;jcif;? ukd,fwpfjcrf;av;vHjcif;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 88

33/ trsKd;orD;rsm; tom;ta&,m;jcif;? trnf;uGufrsm;jzpfjcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 88

34/ trm&GwftjzLuGufBuD;rsm;ESifh BudwfrSef&Gwf ... 88

35/ qHyifeufjcif;ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 89

36/ wkwfxkd;jcif; (ptkd0,m;jcif;) ESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 89

. . . 15 . . .

rmwdum


37/ c½koif;? orifjzL ESifh BudwfrSefjrpf? zefcg;jrpf ... 89

38/ rtkdremaq;ESifh BudwfrSef ... 89

39/ acsmif;qkd;jcif;ESifh csif;pdrf; ... 89

40/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESifh csif; ... 89

41/ ESmap;? acsmifqkd;? yef;em&ifusyfESifh csif;pdrf;? ysm;&nf ... 89

42/ oGm;ukduf? oGm;emESifh csif;pdrf; ... 89

43/ csif;pdrf;ESifh em;ukdufa&m*g ... 89

44/ tqpftjrpfa&mif cg;ukduf? 'lukdufESifh csif;pdrf; ... 89

45/ qD;atmifh? qD;cJ? qD;csKyfESifh cHwuf ... 90

46/ acG;awmuf½GufESifh tema[mif; ... 90

47/ acG;awmuf½GufESifh a&,kef ... 90

48/ ukd,fylzsm;ESifh acG;ao;yef;½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf (uav;rsm;) 90

49/ uav;acsmif;qkd;cRJusyfESifh acG;ao;yef;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf ... 90

50/ tema&mif&rf;jcif;ESifh acG;ao;yef;yif ... 90

51/ acsmif;qkd;yef;emESifh i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf ... 90

52/ toH0if? toHrxGufjcif;ESifh i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf ... 90

53/ tom;0gESifh ikBuD; (zGm;buf) ... 90

54/ ½kd;&mtm;aq; (0g) obm0tm;aq; ... 91

55/ avaq;vQufqm;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 91

56/ ouf&Snfusef;rmjcif;ESifh qifwkH;rEG,f ... 91

57/ wif;wdyfESifh xif;&SL;ESpf ... 91

58/ rif;wkef;rif; okH;aqmifcJhaomtm;aq; ... 91

59/ aoG;wkd;ESifh 'efYovGef½Guf ... 92

60/ temaqG;? tema[mif;rsm;ESifh 'EÅokc ... 92

61/ oGm;ukduf? oGm;zkH;a&mifESifh 'EÅokc ... 92

62/ qD;a&m*g? anmif;us? tjzLqif;? aoG;wkd;ESifh 'EÅokc ... 92

63/ tylacsmif;ajcmuf? yg;pyfuGJ? eHjcif;ESifh 'EÅokc... 92

64/ aoG;wkd;? qD;csKd? tpmtdrfa&m*gESifh eEGif;cg; ... 92

65/ yef;emESifh y'kdif;½Guf ... 93

66/ tom;t&nfpkdjynfjcif;ESifh aygufyGifh ... 93

67/ trsKd;orD;rsm;udkufcJ? acgif;tHk? Zufav;jcif;ESifh aygufyef;jzLyGifh ... 93

68/ avief;jzpfpESifh zHk;rodef ... 93

69/ ½kd;&mtm;aq;ESifh zkH;rodef ... 93

. . . 16 . . .

rmwdum


70/ qD;? 0rf;? avrSef ESifh abmpukdif;( tqdyfajzyif) 93

71/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESifh abmpudkif; ... 93

72/ "m;xd? oHpl;? acG;ukdufESifh ucsifra&Smh½Guf ... 94

73/ t&ufrl;vGef? tpmtqdyfjzpf? rIdawmufjcif;ESifh ra&Smh½Guf ... 94

74/ qD;tdrfausmufwnfjcif;ESifh r½kd;yGifh? EGm;EdkY ... 94

75/ ta&jym;a&m*gESifh r½kd;yGifh? EGm;EdkY ... 94

76/ aoG;vHk;a&m*gESifh r½kd;yGifh? ESrfqD ... 94

77/ r½kd;ap;ESifh cg;ukdufjcif;? 'l;ukdufjcif; ... 94

78/ emwm&Snfa&m*grsm;ESifh jrif;cGm½Guf ... 94

79/ aoG;wkd;ESifhjrif;cGm½Guf ... 94

80/ rIdqdyfajzenf; (xef;vsuf? oHyk&m? rIdewdk)... 95

81/ rpm;aumif;aomrIdrsm;.... 95

82/ rIdESifha&mpyfírpm;aumif;aom tpm;tpmrsm; ... 95

83/ 0rf;ukdufa&m*g? aoG;0rf;a&m*gESifh rD;uGif;*rkef;t½Guf.. 95

84/ aoG;tHa&m*gESifh rD;uGif;*rkef; ... 95

85/ tylavmifjcif;ESifh rD;uGif;*rkef; ... 95

86/ tema[mif; temaqG;rsm;ESifh rD;uGif;*rkef; ... 96

87/ trskKd;orD;rsm; aoG;vHk; avvHk; aog;csKyf?avcsKyfESifh rkwfcg;aq; ... 96

88/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq;( trsKd;orD;rsm;twGuf) yxrenf;... 96

89/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm; r yskKd tkdra&G;) 'kwd,enf;... 96

90/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm; r ysKdtkdra&T;) wwd,enf; .... 96

91/ qD;atmifh? qD;csKyfESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 96

92/ tema[mif;? temaqG;? ajcpG,fikwfESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf... 96

93/ em;ukdufa&m*gESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 96

94/ aoG;wkd; avief; tqDwkd; xkHemusOfemESifh a&SmufwpfvHk;aq;&nf ... 96

95/ tzsm;aysmuf? tm;&Sdjcif;ESifh vif;ae? aq;cg;BuD; .... 96

96/ 0rf;csKyf? avcsKyf? qD;csKyfESifh ouf&if;BuD; .... 97

97/ trsKd;orD;a&m*gESifh ouf&if;BuD; ... 97

98/ qkHqkdYem? yg;usdwfa&mifem? vnfacsmif;uGJemESifh oabFmoD;pdrf; 97

99/ oabFm½GufESifh jrif;zkem... 97

100/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh OoQpf? csif; ... 97

(15) touf&Snf&mtemrJhaMumif;aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; - q&mBuD;OD;csrf; 99

. . . 17 . . .

rmwdum


1/ ausmufuyfa&mifESifh 'EÅokc ... 99

2/ ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh cHwufacguf ... 99

3/ ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh Mucwf0g;tqpf ... 99

4/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh &Sdef;ckd?rwfyJ ... 99

5/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh oMum; ... 99

6/ ajcz0g;uGJem ESifh iSufaysmyif... 99

7/ cg;emESifh ukd,f&HBuD;½Guf ... 99

8/ cg;em? cg;udkuf? 'l;ukdufESifh anmifajcaxmuf.... 99

9/ *7if*sDem^ b&if*sDem ESifh MoZmoD;tajcmuf... 99

10/ iSufzsm;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf... 99

11/ pum;xpfjcif; ESifhjrif;cGm½Guf... 99

12/ qD;&Gifjcif;ESifh tkef;jrpf ... 100

13/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh uifyGef;½Guf ... 100

14/ qD;csKda&m*g ... 100

15/ qifajcaxmufa&m*g ... 100

16/ qifclvnfjywfem ESifh pG,fawmf½Guf ... 100

17/ qHkqkdYemESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 100

18/ wif;wdyf .... 100

19/ tifMuif;qifhtzsm;jzwfaq; ... 101

20/ 'uf ... 101

21/ em;wGif;tem ... 101

22/ em;jynf,dk ... 101

23/ em;yif; ... 101

24/ em;ukduf? em;em .... 101

25/ em;avxGuf ... 101

26/ em;tl ... 101

27/ em;av; ... 102

28/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQH ... 102

29/ ESmacgif;ydwf ... 102

30/ ESm&nf,kd ... 102

31/ emwm&Snf ESmap; ... 102

32/ omrefESmap; .... 102

33/ ESmacgif;teHYr&ESifh eHYomjzL? uifyGef;oD; ... 102

. . . 18 . . .

rmwdum


34/ emwm&Snftzsm;ESifh plvmezm ... 103

35/ ESif;clESifh ikpyf (zGm;zuf) ... 103

36/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh OoQpf½Guf ... 103

37/ yef;em ... 103

38/ azma&mifemESifh OoQpf½Guf ... 103

39/ 0rf;rD;nHhí (tpmrcsufEkdifí) Akdufatmifhjcif; ... 103

40/ avaMumifh Akdufatmifhjcif; ... 103

41/ pjrif;aMumifh Akdufatmifhjcif; ... 103

42/ rsufpdemaysmufaq; ... 103

43/ rsufpd? wdrfESifh atmifrJjzLjrpf ... 103

44/ rsufESmrSJYajcmufESifh uGrf;½Guf? BudwfrSef½Guf ... 104

45/ rsufpdaoG;jcnfwef;ESifh caygif;a&Munfaph ... 104

46/ armyef;? EGrf;vs ... 104

47/ jrpfajcmufem ... 104

48/ jrif;o½kdufemESifh c0JoD;ajcmuf ... 104

49/ a&zsOf; ... 104

50/ vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ... 104

51/ vdyfacgif;ESifh oyGwfcg;oD; ... 104

52/ temayguftHkaq; ... 104

53/ aoG;wdk; ... 105

54/ toH0if? toHysuf? toHxGufaq; ... 105

55/ tom;0g ... 105

56/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq; ... 105

(16) aq;zuf0ifuGrf;wpf½GufESif htaray;aomaq;enf;wkdrsm; - OD;cef Yausmf 107

1/ uav;acsmif;qkd;&ifusyf? touf½SLusyf? tqkwf? vnfacsmif;a&m*gESifh uGrf;½Guf.... 107

2/ uav; tpmraMu? avem? 0rf;oGm;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107

3/ uav; ESmap;? ESmrGef? ESmydwf? touf½SLusyf ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107

4/ acgif;ukduf?rl;a0?Zufxkd;? rsuf½kd;ukdufESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107

5/ ajcz0g;uGJESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107

6/ *&if*sDem (b&if*sDem) ponfhtemrsm;ESihf uGrf;½Guf ... 107

7/ pdwfa0'emESifhuGrf;½Guf ... 107

8/ pum;xpfjcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107

. . . 19 . . .

rmwdum


9/ qD;csKyfa&m*gESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 107

10/ w&dyf&dyfrl;a0jcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 108

11/ EkdYtHka&mifwif;jcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 108

12/ EkdYacsmif;ydwf? EkdYusdwfa&mifjcif;ESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 108

13/ yef;EGrf;jcif;ESihf uGrf;½Guf ... 108

14/ ½kyfysKdukd,fEkaq; ... 108

15/ vdyfacgif;aoG;,kdESifh uGrf;½Guf ... 108

16/ qD;yl? qD;atmifh? qD;csKyfvQif ... 108

17/ toH0if? toHuyfESifh jynfyef;ndK ... 108

18/ 0rf;cPcPysufjcif;ESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 108

19/ ZufaMumwufjcif;ESifh csif; ... 109

20/ aoG;aMumusOf;a&m*g? ESvHk;a&m*g? tonf;tqDzHk;a&m*gESihf csif; ... 109

21/ lvm? rD;,yf? 0rf;ysufa&m*gESifh 7Sdef;ckd ... 109

22/ toufBuD;aom trsKd;om;rsm; taMumtm;enf;a&m*gESifh &Sdef;ckd ... 109

23/ rD;zGm;NyD;p trsKd;orD;rsm; om;tdrfukdufjcif;ESifh &Sdef;ckd ... 109

24/ qD;atmifh? ausmufwnfESifh [if;Eke,f ... 109

25/ azma&mifa&m*gESifh ueazmh ... 109

26/ tqpfa&mifa&m*g?avjzwf? avief;a&m*g ESifh yifpdrf; ... 109

27/ yef;em? &ifusyf? acsmif;qkd;? atmhtH? eHab;atmifhjcif;ESifh yifpdrf; ... 109

28/ acgif;ukdufjcif; ESifh yifpdrf; ... 109

29/ 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQmjcif;ESifh rif;*GwfoD;(rif;uGwfoD;) ... 109

30/ qD;csKdaMumifh jzpfaomtemESifh qdyfzvl½Guf... 110

31/ aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;ESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 110

32/ cRJyltzsm;a&m*gESifh rif;*GwfoD;(rif;uGwfoD;) ... 110

33/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh qdyfzvl;½Guf ... 110

34/ 0rf;oGm;jcif;ESihf qdyfzvl½Guf... 110

35/ trsKd;orD;rsm; rD;,yfaoG;vGefemESifh qdyfzvll;yGif ... 110

36/ ESmacgif;aoG;vsHjcif;ESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 110

37/ qD;ykyfa&m*gESif qD;jzLoD; ... 110

38/ avema&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 110

39/ tom;0ga&m*gESifh awmifqD;jzL ... 110

40/ anmif;usa&m*gESifh awmifqD;jzL ... 110

41/ tm;ukefvQif ... 110

. . . 20 . . .

rmwdum


42/ qD;yl? qD;atmifhjzpfvQif ... 111

(17) yG JawGUukxHk; - atmifukdEk dif 113

1/ 0domcgaq;ESifh MoZmaph ... 113

2/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh jy'g; ... 113

3/ ,m;emESifhaeZmjruf... (aeZmjruf = xdyfqDrSmtoD;zkwkwkeJYjruf) 113

4/ wif;wdyfESifh Muufql½Guf? bl;aph ... 113

5/ tmoD;a&mif(yoda&mif)? vnfacsmif;emESifh 'efovGefjrpf .... 113

6/ vdyfacgif;jrif; o½kdfufESifh awmoyGwfcg;oD; ... 114

7/ qD;csKda&m*gESifh ausmufcJa&pdrf ... 114

(18) pm;yifoHk;yif aq;zuf0if - OD;vS'if 115

1/ csif;,dkjyKvkyfenf;(1) 115

2/ vnfyif;a&m*gESifh csif; ... 115

3/ csif;,kdjyKvkyfenf;(2) 115

4/ toHysuf? toH0ifa&m*gESifh csif; ... 115

5/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESifh csif; .... 115

6/ acsmif;qkd;yef;em ESifh csif;ajcmuf?zefcg;oD;rIefY .... 115

7/ tat;rdESmap;ESifh csif;&nf? ysm;&nf .... 115

8/ ESm½SLap; ESifh (csif;ESifhxef;vsuf)... 115

9/ em;ukdufjcif;ESifh csif;... 116

10/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifhcsif; ... 116

11/ qHkqkdYemESifhMuufoGefjzL... 116

12/ MuufoGefjzL\*kkPfowdå ... 116

13/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL... 116

14/ ta&jym;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL... 116

15/ temaygufa&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 116

16/ qHyifESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 116

17/ ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefjzL... 116

18/ toHysuf? toH0if? toHwdrfESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 117

19/ tm;wkd;aq;ESifhMuufoGefjzL ... 117

20/ avcsKyfjcif;ESifh MuufoGefjzL ... 117

21/ MuufoGefeDwGifyg0ifaom "mwfrsm; ... 117

22/ MuufoGefeDpm;jcif;\tusKd; ... 117

. . . 21 . . .

rmwdum


23/ qD;a&m*gESifh MuufoGefeD ... 118

24/ uav;qD;csKyfjcif;ESifh MuufoGefeD ... 118

25/ uav;rsm;qD;roGm;Ekdifaomf... 118

26/ qD;a&m*gESifh ZD&mjzL ... 118

27/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESifh ZD&mjzL ... 118

28/ vdifOa&mifjcif;ESifh ZD&mjzL ... 118

29/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh ZD&mjzL ... 118

30/ vdyfacgif; tjyifxGufjcif;ESifhZD&mndK ... 118

31/ om;tdrfa&mifjcif;ESifh ZD&mndK ... 118

32/ OD;aESmuftm;aq;ESifh ZD&mndK ... 118

33/ acgif;rl;jcif;ESihf ZD&mndK ... 119

34/ acgif;rl;jcif;ESifh ZD&mndK ... 119

35/ ukuúdK ... 119

37/ rsufpOfaq;ESifhukuúdK ... 119

38/ usyfykwD;emESifh ukuúdKaph ... 120

39/ acsmif;qkd;a&m*g ... 120

40/ acsmif;qkd;aysmufaq;ESifh ukuúdK ... 120

41/ tpmtdrfopf? tonf;a&mifjcif;ESifh ukuúdK ... 120

42/ tzsOf;a&mifa&m*gESifh ukuúKd ... 121

43/ jrif;o½kdufa&m*gESifhukuúKd ... 121

44/ qD;atmifha&m*gESifh ukuúKd ... 121

45/ *Ekda&m*gESifh ukuúKd ... 121

46/ azma&mifjcif;ESifh ukuúKd ... 121

47/ ta&jym;a&m*gESifh ukuúKd... 122

48/ orifjzLa&m*gESifh ukuúKd... 122

49/ vdifOa&mifjcif;ESifh ukuúKd... 122

50/ ESmydwfjcif;ESifh ukuúKd... 122

51/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ... 122

52/ a>rukdufjcif;ESifh yifpdrf; ... 123

53/ onf;ajczsm;ESifh yifpdrf;... 123

54/ acgif;ukduf? ESmacgif;a&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ... 123

55/ acsmif;qkd;yef;ema&m*gESifh yifpdrf; ... 123

56/ vQmcifusa&m*gESifh yifpdrf; .... 123

. . . 22 . . .

rmwdum


57/ ta7jym;a&m*gESifh yifpdrf; .... 123

58/ tdE´d,ESifh wrm .... 123

59/ EkdYacsmif;ydwfjcif;ESifh wrm½Guf ... 124

60/ onf;ajcaMumifhjzpfaoma&m*gESifh wrm½Guf .... 124

61/ OD;acgif;&Sdykd;ESifh wrm½Guf.... 124

62/ qD;ausmufwnfjcif;ESifh wrm½Guf... 124

63/ tqpfrsm;ukdufjcif;ESifh wrm ... 124

65/ qD;a&m*gESifh wrm ... 124

66/ vdyfacgif;ESifh eEGif;rIefY ... 124

67/ EkdYa&mifjcif;ESifh eEGif;rIefY ... 124

68/ acsmif;qkd;a&m*gESifh eEGif; ... 124

69/ tom;0gESifh eEGif; ... 124

70/ qD;a&m*gESifh eEGif; ... 124

71/qifajcaxmufa&m*gESifh eEGif;rIefYukdEGm;usifi,f7nfESifh a&maomufcJhaomf qifajcaxmufa&m*g? 0Jem? 125

72/ jrif;cGm½Guf... 125

73/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD;... 125

74/ qD;atmifha&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 125

75/ qD;vGefa&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 125

76/ rD;,yfjzLESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 125

(19) ckepfaeYom;orD;rsm; xkdokd Y jzpfvQifþokd Yvkyfyg .../ - okawoDjrif hxGef; 127

1/ cg;emESifhawmifqD;jzL ... 127

2/ aoG;uifqmESifh BudwfrSef½Guf ... 127

3/ wefaq; vGefab;... 127

4/ n§if;aysmufaq; ... 127

5/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 127

6/ qD;tdrfwGif;&Sdausmufrsm;aMuuGJ&ef... 127

7/ BudwfrSef½Guf,kdESifhaysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ... 127

8/ cg;emcg;udkufaysmufaq; .... 128

9/ csdeJY ydefcsKH; a&m*gESifh c&rf;csOfoD; ... 128

10/ clemESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf... 128

11/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESifh &Srf;aq;cg;BuD; ... 128

12/ qDcsKda&m*gaysmufaq; .... 128

. . . 23 . . .

rmwdum


13/ qD;atmifh a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 128

14/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifha&m*gESifhrJZvD½Guf .... 129

15/ qD;tdrfydwfqkdYa&m*gESifh rkefvmO ... 129

16/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 129

17/ qHkqkdemESifhoabFmoD; ... 129

18/ anmif;usa&m*gESifh aMumifyef;½Guf ... 129

19/ xdyfuyfemaysmufaq; ... 129

20/ 'lvmjrif;odkYr[kwf½kdufESifh oabFmoD; ... 129

21/ om;zGm;NyD;p rdcifrsm; ESvHk;tm;ay;aq; ... 129

22/ yef;emaysmufaq; ... 129

23/ yef;em&ifusyfaysmufaq; ... 129

24/ zGwfptkdemaysmufaq; ... 129

25/ vnfacsmif;a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 129

26/ rD;,yfaoG;vGefa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 130

27/ jrif;zkemESifh oabFm½Guf ... 130

28/ jrpfajcmufem(tqkwfem) ESifh uif;ykHyif ... 130

29/ vnfyif;BuD;a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 130

30/ vnfyif;uifqmaysmufaq; ... 130

31/ vQmema&m*gaysmufaq; ... 130

32/ 0rf;csKyfa&m*gESifh qD;jzLoD; ... 130

33/ 0rf;a&m*gaysmufaq; ... 130

34/ 0rf;rD;EkHY aysmufaq; ... 131

35/ 0rf;ykyfcs 0rf;Ekwfaq; ... 131

36/ onf;ajcysufa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 131

37/ 0rf;trnf;oGm;aysmufaq; ... 131

38/ oHpl;emaysmufaq; ... 131

39/ om;jrwfukdufaysmufaq; ... 132

40/ om;tdrfacgif;uRHaysmufaq; ... 132

41/ rD;,yfaoG;qHk;aysmufaq; ... 132

42/ aoG;avn§daq; ... 132

43/ om;tdrfuifqmaysmufaq; ... 132

44/ om;zGm;vG,faq; ... 132

45/ tpmtdrfuifqmESifh aq;tkd;ykwfyif ... 132

. . . 24 . . .

rmwdum


46/ tqpftjrpfa&mifaysmufaq; ... 132

47/ tqpftjrpfukdufa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 133

48/ tazmta&mif a&m*gESifh plvmezm ... 133

49/ tom;0ga&m*gaysmufaq; .... 133

50/ tlusa&m*gaysmufaq; .... 133

51/ &om,etouf&Snfaq; ESifho&ufoD;pdrf;tcGH ... 133

52/ tonf;BuD;a&m*gESifh oabFmoD; ... 133

53/ tjrHKaysmufaq;ESifh rkefnif;aph ... 133

54/ tom;ywfaysmufaq; ... 133

55/ OD;aESmufemusifukdufcJa&m*gESifh csif;ajcmuf ... 134

56/ OD;aESmuftm;enf;a&m*gESifh yef;oD;,kkd ... 134

57/ tarma&m*gaysmufaq; ... 134

(20)trsKd;orD;a&m*godaumif;p&mESif humuG,fukoenf;rsm; - q&mjrif h (pMumrif;) 135

1/ rD;,yfa&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;ESifh aoG;qHk;a&m*gtwGuf.... 135

2/ om;tdrfusaysmufaq; ... 135

3/ wif;wdyf? 0ufjcH? rSJYajcmufESifh tom;vSoeyfcg; ... 135

4/ tysKdttkd tvScsufaq; ... 136

(21) rpm;wwfvQifab;jzpfonfESif htrsK d;orD;rsm;vufpG J - aroBuFef (ynma&;) 137

1/ tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm a&m*geJYaq;? wnfhatmifay; ... 137

(22) aq;ukd&SmtpmrSmawGU - 0PÖrmvm B.A. (History) 139

1/ jrif;cGg½Guf ... 139

2/ uefpGef;½kd;eD ... 139

3/ aeYpOfxrif;yGJrSm pm;oifhaom[if;tr,f ... 139

(23) qD;csK dqkdaomxkda&m*g - rauG;0if;jrif h 141

1/ qD;csKda&m*gESifh oajyacguf ... 141

(24) aoG;wkd;? avjzwf? OD;aESmufaMumjywf&jcif;taMumif;&if; - rauG;0if;jrif h 141

1/ 0aomol aoG;wdk;twGuf ... 141

2/ ydefaomol aoG;wkd; twGuf ... 141

3/ aoG;wkd;ESifh eEGif;cg; wnfhol^rwnfhol ... 141

4/ aoG;wkd;ESifhoHyk&maph ... 141

5/ tzsm;av;rskKd; (a&cJtkyfoifh? rtkyfoifh) ... 141

. . . 25 . . .

rmwdum


6/ aoG;wkd;aysmufaq; ... 141

7/ aoG;wkd;ESifh rSefuefaom owd&SdrI ... 142

8/ aoG;wkd;? avief;eJY vHk;0rwnfh ... 142

(25) vlxJuaq;ynm - rauG;0if;jrif h 143

1/ pdwfaMumifh ... 143

2/ wif;wdyfaysmufaq; ... 143

3/ vdifOa&mifaysmufaq; ... 143

4/ ysm;&nfppf^ rppfcGJjcm;enf; ... 143

5/ pwkr"l ... 143

6/ xHkem? usifemESifh tqkwfemaysmufaq; ... 143

7/ tom;0ga&m*g aysmufaq; ... 143

8/ qD;yljcif;ESifh ausmufz½kH ... 144

9/ qD;eD? qD;enf;? qD;yl? qD;aoG;ygaysmufaq; ... 144

10/ tonfa&mif? tom;0gESifh ukef;xdu½kH; ... 144

11/ qHyifeufatmif? axmywfESifh qifwHk;rEG,f ... 144

12/ qifwHk;rEG,fvQufqm;... 144

13/ r,SOfEkdifaom aq;wpfzHk ('[wfoukdkif;ESifh EG,fcsKd) ... 144

(26) uRefawmfESif haq;avmu aq;avmuESif huRefawmf - rauG;0if;jrif h 145

1/ avjzwfjcif;ab;uif;a0a&; ... 145

2/ BuKdUxkd;jcif;aysmufaq; ... 146

3/ avjzwfjcif;ESifh a&Smufaygif;&nf ... 146

4/ wkwfauG;zsm;aysmufaq; .... 146

5/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq; ... 146

6/ tqkwfa&m*gppfwrf; ... 146

7/ tqkwfa&m*g (jrpfajcmufem) aysmufaq; ... 147

8/ qD;usOf? qD;atmifhESifh ausmufysOf ... 147

9/ teEÅokccsufaq;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 147

10/ rkwfcg;xkwfvkyfenf;ESifh &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 147

(27) usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omom - rauG;0if;jrif h 149

1/ "mwfav;yg;n§daq; (qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av) ... 149

2/ "mwfAl;ESifh qefjyKwf (*syefenf;ynm) 149

3/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESifh ql;yef;yGifh ... 149

. . . 26 . . .

rmwdum


4/ rsufpdtjyifwdrfaysmufaq; 149

5/ xdcdkuf'Pf&mtemrsm;ESifh csif; ... 150

6/ 'PfaMuvdrf;aq; ... 150

7/ um;rl;aysmufaq; ... 150

8/ qD;cPcPoGm;jcif;ESifhh qD;usefa&m*g ... 150

9/ qD;oGm;aoG;yg ... 150

10/ om;onfrdcif EkdYrxGufaomf ... 150

11/ qD;csKdESifh Bwdu#Kwf ... 151

12/ ausmufuyfa&m*gESifh zvl;rawmifa0S;ukd,fa7mifaysmufaq; ... 151

13/ EG,fcsKd ... 151

14/ cHwGif;a&m*gESifh EG,fcsKd ... 152

15/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESifh EG,fcsKd ... 152

16/ avxkd;avatmifha&m*gESifh EG,fcsKd ... 152

17/ a,musfm;taMumtm;enf;jcif;? yef;aoyef;ñId;jcif;ESifh &SOfhrwufO ... 152

18/ om;tdrfü tvHk;7SdolESifh wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf (11) rkwfuJaq; ... 152

19/ yef;em&ifusyfESifh tpmukdavQmhpm;jcif; ... 153

(28) tkef;rIwfcGufeif;a&m*guif; - rauG;0if;jrif h 155

1/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;yHkeif;enf; ... 155

2/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;vQif a&SmifMuOf&rnfhudpörsm; ... 155

3/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;í yGJawGUaysmufaoma&m*grsm; ... 155

4/ ukd,fawGU MuKHrS ... 156

5/ odrfjzLq&mawmf\ Mo0g' ... 156

6/ qD;a&m*gvHk;0uif;pifapzkdY ... 156

(29) ukd,fawGUa&m*gaysmufuif;jcif;rsm; 157

1/ awmifvHk;jyefyif ... 157

2/ acG;ukdufcH&jcif;ESifh awmifvHk;jyefyif ... 158

3/ uifqmusdwfESifh awmifvHk;jyefyif ... 158

4/ taxGaxGa&m*grsm;ESifh awmifvHk;jyefyif ... 159

5/ oHpl;jcif;ESifh oMum;rIdif; ... 159

6/ a&,kefESifh oGm;wkdufaq;tjzL ... 160

(30) a&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; tu©&mpOftñTef; 161

. . . 27 . . .

rmwdum


(31) pmudk;pm&if; 177

. . . 28 . . .

oHk;wwf&ifaq; roHk;wwf&ifab;

uefawmhyef;

• wif;ykyf? wJukyfxJwGifaeNyD; ...

'ku©qif;&JtrsKd;rsKd;cHum ...

owå0grsm;\ toufukdu,fí ...

a&m*ga0'emtrsKd;rsKd;wkdYukd ukoay;cJhaom ...

wkdif;&if;jrefrmorm;awmfBuD;rsm;tm; ...

]] þpmtkyfjzifh }}

vIdufvSJpGmOD;ESdrfcsí ...

uefawmhyg\ .../

(okawoDjrif hxGef;)

pmukd; !

okawoDjrifhxGef;\ ...

2003 Zefe0g&Dv? 'kwd,tBudrfxkwf ...

]] ckESpf&ufom;orD;rsm;? xkdodkYjzpfvQif þokdYvkyffyg }}...

pmtkyfaumufEkwfcsuf .../

• 0oka`E´? þajraomfvnf;

apmifpnf;rkom;? usifhaomtm;jzifh

pum;opöm? rSefaomcgum;

MoZmav;euf? ay:qDwufí

EG,fjrufopfyif? aq;buf0if\ .../

&Sifr[moDv0Ho

( yg&rDcef;ysK d U )

• u½kPm? arwåmjzpfaomcgum;

MoZmav;euf? ay:qDwufí

EG,fjrufopfyif? aq;buf0if\ .../

u

rodolausmfoGm; odolazmfpm;

c


25.1.2006 WEEKLY ELEVEN NEWS

NO.16, VOL.1 wGifyg0ifaomowif;aqmif;yg; ...

tcsKdUaom jrefrmaq;NrD;wdkrsm;onfa&m*ga0'emrsm;udk tvG,fwul oufomaysmufuif;aponf[k rD'D,m

tcsKdUwGif usk,fus,fjyefYjyefY a&;om;azmfjyaeMujcif;ESifh pyfvsOf;í uRrf;usifaom taemufwkdif;aq;ynm&Sifrsm;u

jrefrmaq;NrD;wkdrsm;ukd pepfwus okawoe jyKvkyfNyD;rSom rD'D,mrsm;wGif us,fus,fjyefYjyefY a&;om;azmfjyoifh

aMumif; tMuHay; pum;ajymMum;vkdufonf[k owif;&&Sdonf/ ,cktcg jrefrmaq;zuf0if tyifwpfrsKd;jzpfaom

plvmezmukda&m*gaygif;pkHaysmufuif;oufomonf[kqkdum t&nfuskdKaomufjcif;rsm; jrefrmEkddifiH wpfeHwpfvsm;wGifjyK

vkyfvsuf&Sd&m ,if;taetxm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í &efukefNrKdU&Sd wkdif;&if;aq;½kHBuD;rS 'k - aq;½kHtkyfBuD; jzpfol

a':pef;,katmifu ]]plvmezm aq;zuf0ifwmawmh rSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aq;zHkawGxJrSm a&mNyD; azmfpyfwmrsKd;yJ

toHk;jyKavh&Sdygw,f/ olYcsnf;oufoufoHk;zkdY uRefrwkdYbufu wpfcgrS rñTefMum;cJhzl;ygbl;/ a&&SnfpGJpGJNrJNrJ aomuf&if

bmjzpfvmEkdifovJ qkdwm tcktcsdefxd rod&ao;ygbl; tckrS okawoejyKvkyfaewJh tqifhrSmyJ &Sdygao;w,f}}

[kajymMum;cJhonf/

,if;tjyif plvmezmyiftm; wpfqifhpum; wpfqifhem;jzifh vGefuJpGm oHk;pJGaeMujcif;rsm;tay:

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t&mukdrQ vGefuJpGmroHk;oifhaMumif;? rdrdaeYpOf pm;aomufaeaom xrif;ESifh[if;ponfh t[m&rsm;ukdyifrsm;pGm

pm;oHk;ygu tpmraMu &ifjynfh&ifu,f jzpfEkdifojzifh tjcm;rnfonfh t&mukdrQ tvGeftuRHroHk;pGJoifhaMumif;}}

owday;pum; ajymMum;cJhonf/

,cktcg tcsKdUaomrD'D,mrsm;ü jrefrmaq;NrD;wkdrsm;ukd aomufoHk;jcif;jzifh a&m*ga0'emrsm;

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tvG,fwul0,f,laomufoHk;vsuf&Sd&m tqdkygtaetxm;rsm;ESifh pyfvsOf;í tonf;a&m*gXme? ygarmu©Xmerª;

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vlwpfOD;wpfa,mufukd prf;oyfaysmufuif;½kHeJY a&;vkdYr&bl;/ okawoeqkdwm&Sdw,f/ tJ'grSefovm;?

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tajccHNyD;a&;r,fqkd&if rD'D,mtay:rSm opömr&SdovkdjzpfoGm;r,f/ ukd,fhukd,fukd ,HkMunfukd;pm;wJhpmzwf y&dwfowff

tusKd;ukd t&rf;owdxm; aqmif½Gufoifhw,f/ tJ'Dvkd r[kwfbl;qkd&if pmzwfy&dwfowftusKd;ukd trsm; BuD;

xdckdufepfem oGm;apEkdifw,f}} [k&Sif;vif;ajymMum;oGm;cJhonf/

½ku©aA' tac:t& Oldenlandia Corymbosa Linn [kac:aomplvmezmtyifrsm;rSm jrefrmEkdifiH

ae&mtESHYtjym;wGif tavhusaygufa&mufavh&Sdaom tyifrsKd;jzpfNyD; ,cifu rnfolrQ tav;rxm;rdcJhaomfvnf;

,ck tcg wpfqifhpum; wpfqifhMum;&mrS a&m*gaygif;pkH aysmufuif;onf[k qkdum ,HkMunfrIvGefuJpGmjzifh

vlwef;pm;ra&G; aomufoHk;vsuf&Sdonf[k avhvmolrsm;uqkdonf/

,ckuJhokdY vltrsm;pku plvmezmyiftm; ,HkMunfrIvGefuJpGmjzifh 0,f,loHk;pGJaeMuaomfvnf; trSefwu,f

tm;jzifh plvmezmyiftm; pepfwus "mwfcGJprf;oyfrIrsm; rjyKvkyf&ao;aMumif; wkdif;&if;aq;okawoeESifh zGHYjzdK;a&;

OD;pD;XmerS 'kwd,ñTefMum;a&;rª; OD;0if;jrifh\ ajymMum;csuft& od&Sd7onf/ xkdYtjyif tqkdygXmerS OD;pD;rª;wpfOD;jzpfol

q&mr a':aeaeekdif&nf uvnf;aq;ynmuRrf;usifolrsm;r[kwfbJ wkdif;&if;aq;rsm;tMumif;ukd rD'D,mrsm;wGif

azmfjy aeMujcif;ukdaq;ynm&Siftrsm;pku BudKufESpfoufjcif;r&Sd[kqkdonf/

wkdif;&if;aq;ynm&Siftrsm;pkESifh taemufwkdif;aq;ynm&Sifrsm;uyg obm0 twkdif;aygufaeonfh

y&aq;yifrsm;tm;tvG,fwul aomufoHk;aeMujcif;rsm;tay: pkd;&drfaMumifhMurI &SdaeMuaomfvnf; rD'D,mtcsKdUwGif

azmfjyyg&SdcJhaom taMumif;t&mrsm;rS wpfqifh plvmezmukd ,cktcg a&&SnfaomufoHk;aerIrsm; qufvufjzpfay:

aeqJyifjzpfonf/

*


,if;uJhodkY toHk;jyKrIaMumifh acgif;rl;í rtDromjzpfonfh a0'emukdcHpm;&um taemufwkdif;aq;ay;cef;

wpfckokdY vma&mufaq;ukorI cH,lcJhol vlemwpfOD;u ]]plvmezm reufwpfcGuf nwpfcGufaomufNyD; &ifxJrSm

tDvnfvnfBuD; jzpfvmygw,f/ olrsm;awGaumif;w,fqkdvdkY vkdufaomufMunfhwm reufu aq;cef;oGm;jyawmh

ty:aoG; 100? atmufaoG; 50 yJ&Sdw,f/ tcknaeykdif;rSmvnf; rtDromBuD; qufjzpfaewmeJY aq;ceff;ukd

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plvmezmtaMumif; jynfhjynfhpkHpkHodcsifvkdY &SmMunfhwJhtcg WHO SEARO pmMunfhwkdufrSm odrf;qnf;xm;wJh

plvmezmeJY ywfoufwJh pmwrf;wpfapmifukd zwf½IcJh&ygw,f/ tJ'Dpmwrf;[m 1986 ckepf? rwfvu csKvmavmifuGef

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prf;oyfcJh&mrSm plvmezmwkduftNyD; 12 ywftMumrSm tJ'D<uufawG&JU o&uf½GufawG[m rlvxuf BuD;vmNyD;

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,cifumvrsm;twGif;u jreffrmEkdifiHwGif aq;okawoeOD;pD;Xme[lí Xmewpfckwnf;om &SdaecJhaomfvnf;

,cktcg aq;okawoeOD;pD;Xme jreffrmjynf atmufykdif;? tv,fykdif;ESifh txufykdif;[lí XmeoHk;cktxd wkd;csJU

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&SmazGpkaqmif;xm;&Sdum okawoevkyfief;rsm; pepfwus aqmif½Gufvsuf&SdaMumif; od&Sd&onf .../

owif;t,f'DwmtzGJ U? "mwfyH k - SN /

C


25.1.2006 WEEKLY ELEVEN NEWS

NO.16, VOL.1 wGifyg0ifaomowif;aqmif;yg;ESif hywfoufí ...

plvmezmeJY ywfoufvkdY om*'kd;u a&m*gawG awmfawmfaysmufuif;aMumif; a&;xm;wmeJY ywfoufNyD;

wkdif;&if;aq;½HkBuD;rS 'kaq;½HktkyfBuD;u ]]plvmezm aq;zuf0ifwmawmhrSefygw,f/ 'gayr,fh aq;zHkawGxJrSm a&mNyD;

azmfpyfwmrsKd;yJ toHk;jyKavh&Sdygw,f ... olUcsnf;oufouf oHk;zkdY uRefrwkdYbufu wpfcgrS rñTefMum;cJhygbl; .../

a&&SnfpGJpGJNrJNrJaomuf&if bmjzpfvmEkdifovJqkdwm tckcsdeftxd rod&ao;ygbl; tckrS okawoejyKvkyfaewJh

tqifhyJ &Sdygao;w,f}} [k ajymMum;cJhygw,f wJh/

]]plvmezmcsnf; oufoufoHk;zkdY wpfcgrS rñTefMum;cJhzl;yg}} qkdwmeJYywfoufNyD; ajymvkdwmuawmh

usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? wkdif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;Xmeu 2003ck? Zefe0g&DvrSm ]]ukd;um;usrf;tjzpf

toHk;jyKvkdolrsm;\ arQmfvifhawmif;wrIrsm;ukd jznfhqnf;ay;Ekdifa&;twGuf qkdNyD; ]]vufawGUtoHk;cs aq;zuftyif

rsm;aygif;csKyf}} tjzpf jyKpkxkwfa0cJhwJh yxrtBudrfxkwfpmtkyf pmrsufESm (448)rSm plvmezmeJY ywfowfNyD; azmfjy

xm;csuf tcsKdUukd atmufygtwkdif; avhvmzwf½IcJh&ygw,f .../

]]plvmezmyifukd tajcmufjzpfap tpkdjzpfap oHk;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfí &uf&SnfrSD0Jjcif;jzifh ptkdü

aygufaom rufuavmifemrsm;ukd aysmufuif;apygonf/ cE¨mukd,fwGif;&Sd temrsm;ukdvnf; ref;aMuí oufom

aysmufuif;apygonf .../

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aysmufuif;apygonf}} .../ a&&SnfpGJpGJjrJjrJ aomufzkdYawmh r[kwfbl; &uf&SnfrSD0JzkdYyg wJh .../

'gayr,fh wkdif;&if;aq;½HkBuD;u ñTefMum;xm;wmawmh r[kwfbl;cifAsmh/ usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? wkdif;&if;

aq;ynmOD;pD;Xmeu a&;om;azmfjyxm;wJh ]]vufawGUtoHk;cs aq;zuftyifrsm; aygif;csKyfpmtkyfrSm azmfjyxm;wmyJ

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plvmezmeJY ywfoufvkdY om*'kd;[m plvmezm (2) pmtkyfxJrSm ajymjyoGm;wm wpfck&Sdygao;w,f/

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cJhwmygcifAsm (jrefrmEkdifiH wkdif;&if;aq;aumifpD0if jrefrmEkdifiH wkdif;&if;aq;q&mtoif; Ouú| jzpfonfh

q&mBuD;OD;OmPfvGif) 'Dae&mrSmq&mBuD; OD;OmPfvGif ajymjycsufukd jyefvnf azgufonfcs&rnfqkd&if .../

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apNyD;? ukd,fwGif;tyleJY ywfoufvkdY jzpfwJha&m*grSeforQukdacszsuf aysmufuif;apw,f/ oljyKwfaomufwmukdu

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pmukd; ! okawoDjrif hxGef;

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(pmudk;/ / om*'d k;? plvmezm (3) pmtkyfrS)

#


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# rSwfpk&Sif\trSmpm #

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mh .../

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...

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$ rodolausmfoGm; ... odolazmfpm; .../

pl

a ... aq;rSwfpkxkwfol ...

m;pOfajr;qufo ... 23.7.2006

Kd;qufopfwkd YtwGufrs ... we*FaEGaeY

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&if*sDem

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mjzifh

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aqmif;ar;cg;em = ESmap;? ESmydwf? ESm,kdaoma&m*g/

qHkqkdYem (qkHZkdYem) = vnfacsmif;twGif;ü jzpfaomtemwpfrsKd;

uvkdifokwfonf (rvkd = aMu;tkfd;? aMu;cGufrsm;ukd okwfvdrf;aom oHjzLr

usyf = vnfyif;ü tzktusdwfxGufaom

usyfykwD;em = vnfyif;ürmaMumaomtzkwGJrsm; wGJvsm;usaejcif; (ykwD;vHk;rsm;ESifhwl)/

usyfckd; = usyfckd;pifwGifuyfaeo

ukd,fa&0ga&m*g = tonf;a&mif? tom;0ga&m*g/

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Mu = a&ryl ... aEG;½HkrQom/

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tjcm;tpdwftykdif;awGrSm topftajcwnfum top

(jrefrm = jrpfyGm;em)

ukuúKd (jrefrm) = ukuúKdoD;rSm jym;í t0ga&mifoef;onf/

ukuúKd (oabFm) = ukuúKdoD;rSm vHk;í tndKa&mifoef;onf/ (EGm;BudKuf)

u = &SOfhrwuf (xGufcgptyifEk = unGwf/ tyifBuD;vQif = &SOfhrwuf)

cle = vufacsmif;xdyfwGif aygufaomtem/

cs = oabmFcsif;ajcmuf = oabFmjzifh tdEd,rS vmaomcsif;ajcmuf (tpkdr[k

csif;ajcmu

csif;ajcmu

tajcmufcH½kHESifh csif;ajcmufrjzpfyg .../ (&Sifem*odef t

cs&m;yif = ca&yif/

cs&m;yGifh = ca&yGifh/

*Ekda&m*g = qD;yl anmif;usESifh wloovm;rod .../ (jyefppf&ef)

* = b&if*sDem = ptkdt*FgpyfwGif wGif;uav;jzpfí aygufwwfaomtem/

ikBuD; = zGm;zuf/ (aq;azmf&mwGif oHk;aomikyif)

ij = EGm;jzLBuD; = rk½kd; = r½kd;yif/ (¤if;tyifonf t½

qm; (½ku©rlqm;) = yif yOöig;yg;ukd jymcs? jymukd a&ESifhazsmf? jymazsmf&nfrS t&nfMunfukd

,lí BudKcsuf? a&cef;vQif ½ku©rlqm;ukd &rn

(½ku©rlqm;onf twkdif;tqt

r[kwfaom t&yfom;rsm; roHk;oifh/ okHk;rdvQif a&m*gaysmufcsifaZ

aq;vGefwwfonf/) (wefaq; vGefab;)

qm; (odaE¨mqm;) = aq;zuf0if tnKda&mifqm;/

(tdEd,EkdifiH odE¨Ke,frS xGuf&Sdonfukd tpGJjy

qm;rD;zkwf = uGrf;½GufuawmhwGif xnfhí rD;zkwfxm

qD;ylanmif;us = rdef;rukd,fjzpfap? a,mufsm; usifa

*Ekda&m*gESifh wlovm;rod .../ (jyefppf&ef)

q

P


q =ifwHk;rEG,f qiforEG,f = qifpmrEG,f = qif½kd;rEG,f = qifidkrPd/

efyHk;&nf

efyHk;&nf q

q;NrD;wkd t f)

f ygwJh aq;enf;awGusawmh tNrD;&SnfwJh

kd? aq;rnfrsm;&if aq;NrD;&Snf .../)

D;jzLoD;/

dyfuyfem (xdyfcwfem) E

Hkempkd (xHkeZkd) ,atmufykdif;

x f;vIdif

ESD;aESmyGJwGif zwfMum;onfhpmwrf;) (wpfenf;)

xHkusifemwpfrsKd;/

moa&m

yfenf; w f;

EGifcg; 0aomaoG;wkd;orm;ESifh wnfh? ydefaomaoG;wkd;orm;ESifh rwnfh/

; a&m*g/

f;Akdufyl? azmif;aomt&m/

oma&m*g /

ufuavmif

kwå u

(0rf;roGm;bJ avcsKyfjcif;? wpfcgw&H 0rf;AkdufESifh &ifrSm jynfhu,faejcif;?

if;jcif;wkdYonf jrif;o½kdufem\ vu©Pm .../)

(vlodrsm;aom trnfig;rskKd;)

q = qefaq;&nftm; oHk;&ufcefY xm;aomt&nf/

(rauG;0if;jrifh vlxJuaq;ynm/ pm? 94)

q = efaq;&nf? xrif;&nfESpfyg; qwla&m? xrif;Murf;cJxnfh/

qm;vnf; tenf;i,f xnfhNyD; (10)&uf cefYxm;yg/ t&nfMunf iSJY ,lyg/

qefyHk;&nf&\/

(OD;vScif (qef;nGefYOD;)/ rD;zkdacsmifrSaq;pGrf;aumif;rsm;/ twGJ(1)? pm? 21)

a = ema&m*grsm;udk aq;tr,f wpfrsKd; ESpfrsKd;avmuf (aq;trnf tenf;i,

ESifh aysmufuif;apEkdifaomaq;/

(aq;tr,f av; ig;q,favmu

oabmygyJ aq;trnfenf;&if aq;NrD;w

qifajcaxmufa&m*g = ykd;wpfrsKd;aMumifh ajcaxmufBuD;vmaoma&m*g/

Bwdzv = opfqdrhfoD;? MupkoD;? q

Bwdu#Kwf = i½kwfaumif;? ydwfcsif;oD;? csif;ajcmuf/

awmqD;jzL = awmifqD;jzL = ajrqDjzL = a7qD;jzL = ykwD;jzL /

x = Smacgif;ydwfqkdYa&m*g/

x = wpfenf; pm;aumif;? tdyfaysm?f "mwfcsKyf? toHrxGuf? ukd,fum

HkusifukdufcJ? av;vHazma&mif (orm;awmfpmapmif 7-10/ OD;xGe

rtlyifNrdKU\ wkdif;&ifaq;ynm

tm[m& "mwfcsKdUwJhrIaMumifh azma&mifaom

(q&mBuD;OD;csrf; touf&Snf&mtemrJhaMumif; aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm;)

'EÅokc = odMum;rukd#f = ref;av;yif/

'lvm = tqpftjrpf ukdufcJaom a,mufsm;a&m*g/

'lv = usifacsmif;ukdufNyD; qD;ESifh a&mí tjzLzwfrsm; xGufusaoma&m*g/

qD;oGm;cg;ukduf/

'defcsOfvk = EkdYukd em&D0ufavmuf BudKNyD;awmh oefYjyefwJhae&mrSm (2)&ufavmuf 'Dt kdi

xm;vdkuf&if tcsOf0ifí 'defjzpfvm\/ 'D ... 'defxJu wpfZGef;avmuf EkdYxJ

xnfYvdkuf&if wpf&ufxJeJY 'def jzpfwmaygh .../

e =

(rauG;0if;jrifh aoG;wkd;avjzwfpmtkyfrS)

yifv,ftlem = (yifv,ftlavQufem) 0rf;jyif;xefpGm &pfNyD;? atmhtH 0rf;oGm

txufvSefatmufavQm[kvnf; ac:onf /

yg'&uf ('lvmyg'7uf) = ajcaxmufatmufykdif; aoG;av tvdkufrnDaoma&m*g/

yOöig;yg; = toD; tyGifh t½Guf tacguf tjrpf (wpfyifvHk; tm;vHk;yg)/

zsOf; = aoG; av t&nfaMumifh 0r

zGwfptkdem (zGwfokdem) = ESmacgif;twGif;ü ESmykwfwnfí ESmacgif;tHk yGeDaewwfa

r = tjyif;zsm;í ptkd0wGif jynfzki,frsm; jzpfay:aejcif;a&m*g/

r = yfy,ftdwfa&mifa&m*g/

jrif;o½kdufem = (wpfenf;) ptkd0wGif tom;ykdxGufí jzpfaoma&m*g/

NrD;an§mifhESifhcg;qpfukdufjcif; 0rf;rSmyspfcRJ? aoG;ovdyfuJhokdY oGm;jcif;?

&Hzef&Hcg pjrif;? &Hzef&Hcg aoG;q

w


jr = tjcm;aq;tr,f a&mpGwf&efrvkdbJ aq;tpfcsif;NyD; r,f wpfrsKd;wnf;jzifh a&m*g

tusdwfvHk;/

if;ü tjzLpuf? taysmufrsm;ay:ü

½Guf

Feduf

om,eaq;

t

u©rlqm; t ,

Qif ½ku©rlqm;&rnf/

fh aq;ynm&Sif

fcsifaZmjzifh

ma&m*g/

wåK&nf

Howf&nf ,if;owåK&nfukd rD;ylay;xm;aom oHjym;ay:avmif;csvQif oHowf&nf7rnf/

,if;owåK&nfxJokdY oHacsmif;rD;zkwfukdxnfhvQif oHowf&nf&rnf/

§pfí &aomt&nfukd owåK7nf[kac:NyD;

y;xm;aom oHjym;ay:

wf&nfukd &rnf .../)

abFmrJZvD r

&m*g frsm; (ukd,fcE¨may:ü)/

daE¨mqm;

ac:aomtrnf)

kdqkd;vmatmif xyfwkd;aomt&m/

emrD; temvQH = ta&jym;ay:wGif rD;avmifzkuJhokdY eD&JpGm jzpfay:aeaom tem/

ifysOf = ta&jym;ay:wGif teDtydefYrsm; ysOfvkdufxGufaom ,m;emwpfrsKd;/

oD;a&mif = yoda&mif/

x

temukd ukoEkdifaomaq; .../

jrpfajcmufem = acsmif;qkd; aoG;yg tqkwfa&m*g (TB)/

taoG;tom; cef;ajcmufonfh a&m*g .../

jrif;zkem = vlukd,fwGif; azmif;rkdY <uplaeaom

rSu©½k (ru©½k) = uav;i,fwkdY vQm? Ekwfcrf; twGif;ykd

emusifaeaoma&m*g

rD;uGif;*rkef;\t = wpfzufpdrf;? wpfzufc&rf;a&mif/

jrpfyGm;em = uifqm (u. tu©&m uifqmwGif½I)

&Sm;apmif;od* = kiss me quick = b,fvdrfnmvdrf (awmifBuD;tc:)/

& = vlom;wkdYtm; touft&m taxmif&Snfap&ef? wnfwHhap&ef

aoG;tom;ESifh tm;wkdYukd wkd;yGm;apaomaq; .../

½k = yif yÍöig;yg;ukd rD;½IdIU jymcsí &aomjymtm; a&pdrfNyD; t&nfMunfuJh l?

,if;t&nfMunftm; usKdcsuf/ aemufqHk; a&cef;oGm;v

½ku©rlqm;onf twkdif;tq tenf;i,fomoHk;&ojzi

r[kwfaom t&yfom;rsm; roHk;oifh/ oHk;rdvQif a&m*gaysmu

aq;vGefwwfonf/ (wefaq;vGefab;)

½SOfrwuf = unGwf (xGufcgp = unGwf? tyifBuD; = ½SOfhrwuf)

av;zufem (av;bufem) = txkdiftx cufonfh ajcqpfvufqpf emusifao

vdyfacgif; = ptkd0 taMumrsm; a&mif7rf; plxGufaoma&m*g /

o = aq;yif\ t½Guf (okdY) yÍöig;yg;ukd Budwfajc axmif;n§pfí 7aom

(a&ra&m7ao;onfh a&rygonfh) yuwdt&nf/

o =

(Oyrm ... oHyk&moD; n

,if;a&ra&m&ao;aom oHyk&mowåK&nfukd rD;tyla

avmif;csvkdufvQif oHyk&moHo

o = JZvDBuD; = ayG;ukdif;/

orifjzLa = tjzLqGwfqGwfrsm;? tjzLuGu

o = aq;zuf0if tndKa&mifqm;/

(tdEd,EdkifiH odE¨Ke,frS xGuf&Sdonfukd tpGJjyKí

Oy'´a0g = ab;&ef? ab;Oy'?f tEÅ&,f/

= ykdrkd &SyfaxG;aomtajctae jzpfvmatmif jyKvkyfaomt&m

= tajctaey

t

t

tm


(1) plvmezmESif haq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (1)

om*'d k;

yxrtBudrf? 2005? ar/ wefzd k; 700usyf/ pmayavmu .../

1/ plvmezmESif h aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

yÍöig;yg; ... vufwpfqkyfcefY okHcGufwpfcGufwif? usKdaomuf .../

(1) a&zsOf;a&m*gaysmuf ...

(2) tonf;a&m*gtwGufvnf; odyfudkaumif;ygw,f ...

(3) uifqma&m*gyg aysmufonf[k Mum;zl;xm;onf (a&m*gEk&ifaysmuf) ...

(4) t&ufaomufcsifpdwf ukefvmNyD;aemuf t&ufjzwfvdkufonf ...

(5) tanmif;a&m*gaysmuf ...

(6) ESm&nfpdk&TJa&m*gaysmuf ... (qm;a&aEG;jzwfoef;enf;eJYvJaysmufonf) (pm? 27)

(7) vdyfacgif;? aoG;,dk? b&if*sDem aysmuf ...

(8) acgif;&Sif;oGm;onf? acgif;MunfoGm;onf? acgif;½Iyfwmaysmuf ...

(9) tyludkajczsufEdkifaom *kPfowdå&dSonf .../ (pm? 1-167)

2/ uGrf;½GufESif h aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(1) ESvkH;a&m*g (Heart Attack)

ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwf? touf&SL&yf? touf&SLMuyfjzpfvkdufwmeJY ½kwf½kwfoJoJawG rvkyfrdatmif owdxm;yg/

udk,feJYpdwfudk NidrfNidrfxm;yg/ pdwfukd owdeJY xdef;xm;yg/ touf&SLjcif;ukd r&? &atmifBudK;pm;yg/ 'DA[kokwav;ukd

csufcsif;ajy;owd&NyD; ... uRefawmf ... NidrfEkdiforQ Nidrfum toufukd r&? t& BudK;pm;&SLygonf/ vGefpGm

yifyef;ygonf/ &ifbufay: wif;ykwfzdxm;ovkd ... rcsdonfhMum;u wtm;Budwfum BudK;pm;NyD; touf&SLawmhrS ...

tifrwefrQifrQifav; p &SLEkdifonf .../ (pm? 7)

þwGif ukd,fhtoufukdukd,f ... jyefatmifyGJcHwm jzpfygawmhonf/ wkdvDrkdvDA[kokwu tusKd;ay;jyefygNyD/

touf&SLvkdY tenf;tyg;&oGm;NyD;aemuf ukd,fhESvkH; taMumydwffESufonfh ]][wf twwf}} ukd? csufususuyfí

ausmfjzwfEkdifygNyD .../ (pm? 7)

eHeufa&csKd;NyD;wkdif; &ifbufESvkH;wnfhwnfhae&m vuf0Jbuf&iftkHrSm aeYpOfuGrf;½Gufwpf½Guf uyfygonf/

,aeY 15ESpf &SdygNyD ... xkdESvkH;u wpfcgom'ku©ay;NyD; ckxd touf&Sif? touf&SnfcJhonfrSm xkduGrf;½GuftusKd;?

uGrf;½Gufwefckd;[k uRefawmf{uefxifygonf .../ (pm? 8)

uGrf;av;wpf½Guf[m ... ESvkH;eJYqkdifaom a&m*gtEÅ&m,frSeforQ vkH;0ruyfNidapzkdYtwGuf taumif;pm;

pufuav;wpfvkH; wyfxm;ovkdygyJ/ 'Davmufukd aumif;ygonf .../ (pm? 10)

(2) rsufpda&m*g? a&wdrfa&m*g ...

nwkdif; uGrf;½Gufuyf&if (8)vESifh (14)vtwGif; rsufrSefuRwfEkdifygonf/ rsufvkH;axmifhrsm;ü vufrcGHt½G,f

uGrf;½Gufukd a&pGwfíuyfyg/ t"durSm ... rsufvkH;\ESmacgif;buf axmifhESpfckukd *½kjyKuyf&ef/ aeYtcg

vnf;uyfEdkifygonf/ Computer Munfholrsm;? pavmif; TV Munfholrsm;vnf; uyfoifhygonf/ rsufvkH;

tvkH;vkdufBuD;ukdufwJh a&wdrfa&m*g? rIefwJha&m*g? rl;wJha&m*gESifh Ekaomwdrfrsm; aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 13-21)

(3) em;xdkif;? em;av;a&m*g ...

uGrf;½Gufukd '*Fg;0kdif;yrmPcefY qkyf,lNyD; cyfvHk;vHk;av;vkyfum? em;0wGif xnfhay;xm;vQif ESpfvavmuf

xnfhay;½kHjzifh ododomomukd jyefaumif;ygonf/ w,fvDzkef;ESifh prf;vQif vG,fvG,fodomygonf/ ta&;wBuD;

owday;vkdonfrSm ... em;ukd jrufxdyf? owif;pm? *Grf;? wkwfponfjzifh ZdrfcHum t,m;ajzwmrsKd; vkH;0rvkyfygESifh/

1


vkyfvQiftusifh ygoGm;NyD; qufumqufum vkyfjzpfoGm;um {uefem;yif;awmhrSm jzpfygonf/ em;xJrS tm½kHcH?

toHMum; trQifav;rsm; ysufpD;oGm;aomaMumifhjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 23)

(4) tmacgiftzka&m*g? vQmemusifylavmifa&m*g? oGm;zk H;ck H;xem ...

tmacgifrSm tylzkawGjzpfvm&if vufESpfvHkk;avmufuGrf;½Gufukd uyfNyD;vQmeJY xdef;xm;vdkuf ... wpfaeY

wpfn omomeJYaysmufygw,f/ yxrpyfovkd? aemufxkHovkdjzpfNyD; aysmufwmyJ/ vQmrSmemusOf? ylavmifemjzpfchJ

&ifvnf; 'Denf;twkdif;vkyf .../ (pm? 41)

oGm;zkH;cHk;xNyD; emwm? uGrf;½GufikH ... uGrf;½Gufuyf .../ (pm? 138)

(5) acgif;ukdufrsm;wJha&m*g ...

em;xifwGif uGrf;½Gufuyf .../ (pm? 138)

(6) vdyfacgif;ESif h vdyfacgif;aoG;,dkqif;a&m*g ...

uGrf;½Gufukd vdyfí? vHk;í ptdkwGif xnfhvQifaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 137)

uGrf;½Gufwpf½Gufukd aeY0ufcefYoHk;Ekdifonf/ aoG;xGuf? aoG;,dk&yf½kHr[kwf ... a&m*g<uum rmefxovkd

jzpfaeaom vdyfacgif;rSm wjznf;jznf;usKHUí aysmufoGm;rnf .../ (pm? 141)

(7) vdyfacgif;aysmufaq;enf; (ae0if;vef'efpmtkyfrS)

uGrf;½Gufukd Budwfíjzpfap? axmif;íjzpfap ... aMuatmifjyKvkyfyg/ t&nfESifhwuG aMuaeaomuGrf;½Gufukd

vdyfacgif;ay:okdY wnfhwnfhuyfyg/ t0wfESifhvnf; uyfEkdifygonf/ 15&ufxuf ykdrvkyfbJ aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf .../

tESpf(30)cefY vdyfacgif;a&m*gpGJuyfaeojzifh aq;½kHwufí tBudrfBudrfjzwfcJh&ygonf/? aq;trsKd;rsKd;pm;

cJhaomfvnf; oufom½kHrSty t&Sif;raysmufyg/ þaq;enf;twkdif;vkyfrS tjrpfjywfaysmufuif;ygonf .../

(ae0if;vef'ef? pm? 161)

(8) a,musfm;tlusa&m*g ...

Am'H½Guf (t&yftac: b@myifrS t½Guf) okdYr[kwf uGrf;½Gufukd a&m*gae&mrSm tkH? NyD;awmh

tokdif;eJYqkdif;xm;/ 'DaeYxkyfxm;wmukd aemufwpfaeYvJay;/ 'g[m ... tlusapwJh tyl"mwfukd z,facsapwJh

oabmyJ/ 'guawmh ... udk,fawGUr[kwfbl;/ olrsm;ukwmawGYvkdY jyefajymwm .../ (pm? 143)

3/ ajcz0g;qm;yGwfjcif;ESif h aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(1) ajcz0g;qm;yGwfenf; ...

ajcaxmufukd a&avmif;vkdufygw,f/ vufxJ qm;wpfqkyfukdifum a&csKd;cef;0rSm xkdifygw,f/ 'Daemuf

ajcz0g;ESpfbufukd rsufESmcsif;qkdifay;NyD; qm;jzL;ygw,f/ ajcz0g;ESpfbufukd jznf;jznf;csif;yGwfygw,f/ wpfcg

qm;jzL; ygw,f/ NyD;awmh ajcz0g;csif; yGwfygw,f/ qm;wpfqkyf rukefrcsif; 'Dtwkdif;yJ vkyfwmygyJ/ NyD;&if ...

okH;rdepfavmufem;NyD; ... ajcz0g;ukd qm;"mwfukefatmif a&pifpifaq;yg .../

'gukd ... nwdkif;vkyfNyD;rS ... tdyfyg .../

aemufwpfenf; ... yvyfpwpfZvkHus,fxJ qm; okH;? av;q,fom;avmufxnfhNyD; ukvm;xkdifay:uae

ajcESpfacsmif;ZvkHxJxnfhNyD; ajcukdvIyf½Sm;um yGwfay;wmygyJ/ 'guykdvG,fw,f/ qm;vnf;rukefbl;/ 'DESpfenf;ukd

tqifajyovkd yGwfay;yg .../ (pm? 35)

(2) aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(u) qHyiftuRwf&yfNyD; qHyifjyefayguf ...

2


(c) ajcz0g;at;NyD; cPcPzsm;wwfaoma&m*gaysmufí ajcz0g;jyefaEG;vmNyD; ... ajctdwfr0wf&awmhyg/

(*) tanmif;tnmawG? ZufaMumwufwmawG aysmufuif;½kHrubl;?

tESdyfcH&wJh b0rS vkH;0vGwfajrmufoGm;w,f .../ (pm? 35-36)

4/ tpmpm;pOf jzpfwwfwJh rl;wl;wl;? qkd Ywkd Ywkd Ya&m*g (tpmqkd Y ? aoG;qkd Y ? avqkd Y) ...

uRefawmf ... xrif;pm;&if; bmjzpfrSef;rodbl; ... qkdYNyD; toufr&SLEkdifwm? rl;wl;wl;? qkdYwkdYwdkYBuD; jzpfwmeJY

xdkifcsvkduf&w,f/ tJ'grsKd;u ae&mwkdY? tcsdefwkdY ra½G;bl;/ qkdYcsif&if ... qkdYcsifwJhae&m x qkdYvkdufwmyJ/

toGiftjyifu qefYiif? qefYiifeJY .../

ukoenf;uawmh ... b,fbufvufrukd rmwif;atmifaxmifNyD;awmh &ifacgif;wnfhwnfh

tcsdKifhuav;&JUatmufbuf okH;vufrwdwdae&mavmufukd vufreJYzdyg/ 'gt"duyJ ... 'Dvkd&SL&if;? vufreJYzd&if;?

udGceJqkd bl;qkdYyGifhovkdyGifhí csufcsif;yJ qkdYaewmBuD; &Sif;í? vif;í oGm;vdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 62)

5/ ajcuGJemESif h anmifap; ...

anmifrkwfqdwfyifBuD;awGrSm ... EkYdESpfvkd tap;awG&Sdw,f/ 'Danmifap;ukd ajcuJGwJhae&mawGrSm

okwfvdrf;ay;vkduf&if tem[m pyfzsOf;zsOf;BuD;jzpfae&mu csufcsif;BuD; (vsifjrefpGm) oufom? aysmufuif;ygw,f/

'gayr,fh ... a&m*grSm okwfNyD;&ifawmh EkdYa&mifazG;azG; anmifap;[m rD;aoG;yrm tvGefrnf;eufoGm;a&m .../ (pm? 38)

6/ aeYpOf tpmtqdyfawG ajzMuyg (xef;vsuf) ...

xef;vsuf[m raumif;wJh"mwfawGukd cGJxkwfypfwwfNyD; tykyfukdvnf; odyfEkdifw,f/ ukd,fwGif;u tqD

awGukdvnf; usapw,f/ a&S;jrefrmawGxJrSm 0vGef;ol odyf&Sm;w,f/ tqDenf;wm[m ... xef;vsuf&JU tusKd;eJY

wefckd;yJ .../

xrif;pm;NyD; xef;vsufpm;ay;&if pm;NyD;om;tpmawGxJu a&m*gjzpfapwJh"mwfawG ajyap½kHrubl; tqD

usí ukd,fa&vS? ukd,fa&uspfapwJh aq;aumif;BuD;vJ jzpfygw,f .../ (pm? 72)

7/ rsufESmwGef Ywm? ta&;taMumif;jzpfwm aysmufenf; ...

eHygwfwpf ... vufzaemifhESpfbufukd ar;aphae&mrSm ,SOfxm;&muaeNyD; ... em;o,farT; ESpfbufae&m

txda&mufatmif qGJwifay;yg/ eHygwfESpfu ckevufzaemifhudkyJ rsufvkH;&JUatmufzufudk zdzdNyD; em;o,fqDudk

qGJqGJwifay;yg/ 'g[m rsufESmwGefYwm? ta&;taMumif;jzpfwmaysmufw,f .../ (pm? 79)

8/ tonf;a&m*gESif h a&zsOf;a&m*g jzpfjcif; ...

roefY&Sif;wJh i½kwfoD;rdIwufeJY i½kwfoD;twkawG pm;rd&if tonf;ajcmufa&m*g? a&zsOf;a&m*g? tonf;

uifqmtxdjzpfEdkifw,f/ wpfcsKdU pdwfxm;rrSefuefwJhxkwfvkyfol? a&mif;csolawG[m yJcGHwdkY? zGJEkwdkYeJY yGm;w,f/

'gawGu rdIjzpfzdkY&ef tvGeftm;ay;wJh ypönf;awG/ tJ'Dypönf;awGaMumifh tonf;ajcmufa&m*g0iffum zsOf;wG,fvm í

Adkufu ylylwufvmNyD; a&m*gawG plplxGufvmukefwm qef;ovm; .../ (pm? 86) (ukoenf; ryg .../)

9/ ESm&nfpd k&T Ja&m*g? ESmacgif;a&m*gESif h qm;a&aEG;jzwfoef;enf; ...

tESpfav;q,f&dSaeNyDjzpfaom ESmacgif;a&m*g? ESm&nfpdk&TJa&m*g? (arG;&myg) &moufyef touf&SL r&cJhaom

a&m*gwdkYudk (15)&ufrQESifh? a&m*g&ifhvQif (1)vrQESifh oufomaysmufuif;ygonf/ qm;a&aEG;azsmfenf;rSm zef

(odkYr[kwf) a<uvufzuf&nftdk;\ xuf0uf (odkYr[kwf) okH;yHk? wpfykHcefY a&aEG;MuufoD;aEG;wGif qm;udk pm;yJG ZGef;

wpfZGef;pm armufarmufxnfhí azsmf½kHrQom jzpfygonf .../

vuf,mbufESifh vuf0Jbuf wpfbufpDudk wpfvSnfhpD apmif;tdyfcdkif;NyD; vufarmif;udk acgif;tkH;apí

rsufESmudk rsufESmusufbuf apmif;vSnfhcdkif;um tay:bufESmacgif;aygufrS nifompGm qm;&nfavmif;xnfhay;yg/

3


yxr qm;&nfrSm t0ifcuf? txGufcuf jzpfaeaomffvnf; rMumrSDyif atmufESmacgif;aygufrS qm;&nfwpfpuf?

wpfpuf xGufívdkufvmygonf .../ (pm? 91)

þenf;jzifh ESmacgif;twGif; qm;&nfMuufoD;aEG;avmif;jcif;udk vuf0JbufvSJtdyfí wpfBudrf?

vuf,mbufvSJtdyfí wpfBudrf? qm;a&aEG;avmif;xnfhay;NyD;aemuf? wpfaeYtwGuf ukorI NyD;ygonf/ þodkY

ESmacgif;aq;jcif;udk 10&uf? 15&uf vkyf½kHrQESifh a&m*gEku &Sif;&Sif;aysmufuif;ygrnf/ a&m*gBuD;vQif wpfvrQ

vkyf&rnfjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 91)

ESmacgif;a&m*gawGuawmh ESmacgif;½dk;usKd;avmufatmif twGif;ESm&if; vdIufpm;wm rsKd;vnf;&Sd/ ESmacgif;

twGif;rSm tom;ydkvdk[mawG jzpfjzpfvmNyD; aq;½kHrSm rD;wdkY? wdkYNyD; zsufqD;ypfae&wmvnf;&dS/ ESmacgif;twGif;rSm

ESm&nfykwfawG cdkcdkaewwfwmvnf;&dS/ 'DudpöawGaMumifh tdrf&mwnfaxmifa&;rSm tvGef b0cufMu&&Smygw,f/

tJ'Dvdk ESmacgif;a&m*grsKd;pkH[m qm;a&aEG;eJY tukefaysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 93)

10/ tqdyfoifh jcif;? "mwfrwnfhjcif;ESif h wif;wdyf ...

aygif'g? a&arT;? rdwfuyf? acgif;avQmf&nf ponfrsm;aMumifh tckacwffrdef;uav; awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m

rsuffESmrSm wif;wdyftjzpfrsm;Muygw,f/ wif;wdyfudk uGrf;aygif;eJYvnf;ukw,f/ tkef;cGHaoG;vdrf;jcif;eJYvnf; ukMu?

aysmufMuwm Mum;zl;ygw,f .../

uGrf;aygif;qdkwm xrif;ESyfwJhtxJ yef;uefvkH;av;eJY uGrf;½Gufxnfhaygif;NyD; vkyfMuw,f/ aygif;xm;vdkY

cyfaEG;aEG;jzpfaewJh uGrf;½Gufukd wif;wdyfrSm uyfay;wmygyJ/ aemufwpfenf;uawmh tkef;cGH (tkef;oD;twGif;om;&JU

trmcGH) qdkwmudk aoG;vdrf;jcif;tm;jzifh aysmufMuw,fvdkYvnf; ajymMuw,f/ udk,frjzpfzl;awmh ajymvkdYMum;wmudkyJ

jyefajymjy&wmjzpfygw,f .../ (pm? 95)

wpfcgwkef;uvJ todwpfa,muf&JUorD; acwfopfacgif;avQmf&nfeJY acgif;avQmf&if; acgif;a&m? rsufESma&m

a&mifudkif;vmvdkY acgif;avQmf&nftqdyfoifhw,fxifNyD; uefpGef;½GuftjzLyGyGBuD;awGudk xkaxmif;NyD; rsufESmudk

avQmufyGwfay;vkdufwm a&mifaewmawG vkH;vkH;jyefusoGm;NyD; yuwdjyefaumif;oGm;w,f .../ (pm? 98)

11/ toufBuD;olrsm; pm;r0if? tdyfraysmfa&m*gESif h av&SLjcif;? avpm;jcif; ...

toufBuD;olrsm; pm;r0if? tdyfraysmf jzpfvmNyDqdk&if a&&dSwJhae&mudk eHeuf (5)em&Dwdkif; ta&mufoGm;yg/

tJ'DrSm udk,fvufvIyf&Sm;vkyf&if; em&D0uf av&SLyg/ avudkpm;yg/ avpm;ygqdkwm wifpm;ajymwmyg/ avudk yg;pyf eJY

tm;&yg;& [dkufceJ AdkufxJ ½IdufoGif;vdkufovdk vkyf&wmyg/ av&SL? avpm; vkyfvdkufwJhtwGuf pm;r0if?

tdyfraysmfwJha&m*g[m 2vcGJ t&dSrSm aysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 102)

eHeufcif;rSm a&ay:u jzwfvmonfhavwGif vlUudk,fcE¨mtwGuf ta&;BuD;onfh ZD0"mwfawG tjynfhygí

a&m*gaysmufuif;jcif;pGrftm; BuD;rm;wmjzpfygw,f/ udk,faeonfhae&monf a&ESifhreD;ygvQif vifyef;vkdwGif jzpfap

a&udkxnfhí avvmonfhbufü xm;í&SLay;yg .../ (pm? 103)

12/ yufvufbdkifpu,fpD;jcif;ESif h ajcaxmuftjrif hwGifxm;jcif; ...

]]tdyf&mu x? xcsif; ½kwfw&uf avQmufr&? ajcudkvnf; a&TUr&wJhol[m tdyf&m0if? tdyf&mxrSm

yufvufbdkifpu,fpD;Asm}} [k bdkifpu,fpD;ovdk yufvufuae ajczsm; tustevIyf&Sm;yHkudk vkyfjyygonf/ 'gudk

tenf;qkH; (30)avmuf vkyfvdkuf/ udk,fhajcaxmufudk ]]wGef;? pwyf}} eJY aoG;EId;ypfvdkufwmyJ/

aemufwpfenf;u tckvdkajcaxmufawG tvIyfcufwma&m? tqif;twufcufwma&m a,m*enf;t&

ajcESpfzufudk axmifaxmifay;&w,f/ tcufBuD;awmh r[kwfygbl;/ tjyifu jyefvmvdkY yufvufukvm;xkdifrSm

cPem;wJhtcg ajcaxmufESpfzufudk udk,hfrsufESmxufjrifhwJh ckHjrifhav;wpfckay:rSm wifxm;½HkyJ/ 'g[m tqif;

twufcufNyD; taMumrsufovkd jzpfwmudk y,fcGmypfapwmygyJ/ 'g[m a,m*ynmygyJ/ a,m*tppfawmh r[kwf

bl;/ ujym;a,m* ayghav/ a,m*ppf&if rrSD&? raxmuf&? rvIyf&bl; .../ (pm? 114)

'Daemuf ESpf&uftwGif;yif tawmfxl;vmygonf/ ]]a[haumif ... aus;Zl;yJuGm? igwdkYrSm ajcaxmuf

4


topfudk &vdkufovdk}} yJwJh/ ]]ayghayghav;ESifh ysHaMumhaumhaewm}} yJwJh ... qdkonfudk; .../ (pm? 115)

13/ qD;csK d? aoG;csK da&m*gESif h eH YomeDrIef Y? qefaq;&nf ...

eHYomeDtom;udk qefaq;&nfeJYaoG;NyD; eHeufwpfcg? naewpfcg aomuf&wmjzpfygonf/ aemufawmh

b,aq;qdkifrSm eHYomeDtrIefY 0,fí qefaq;&nfESifh azsmfNyD; vufzuf&nfwpfZGef;pm eHeuf? n aomufygonf/

aemufawmh razsmfawmhyJ eHomeDrIefY vufzuf&nfZGef;? wpfZGef; yg;pyfxJxnfhum qefaq;&nf armhcsvdkufygonf .../

(pm? 119)

wpfcg? wpfcgü tcsKdtpm;vGefvsuf aoG;csKdwufvmNyDqdkvQif ajcESifhudk,f tcsKdUae&m ,m;,HrIav;awG

jzpfwwfygonf/ odkYjzpfvQif aoG;csKdwufwm odNyD; ,m;onfhae&mudk vufjzifhrukwfbJ qm;jzifh yGwfay;vdkufum

a&m*gaysmufatmif ajzvkdufygonf/ acsygonf/ aMuvnf; aMuonf .../ (pm? 119)

wpfcsKdUuawmh qD;csKda&m*gtwGuf yef;uñGwfyif (uñGwfyifESifh vGefpGmrSwlaom yef;yifwpfrsKd;) udk okyfí

pm;jcif;jzifh qD;csKdudk NzdKMuygonf .../ (pm? 120)

14/ ukef;aA'gESif h a>rqdyfajz ...

a>rudkufcH&&if 'Dtyifudk Budwfajc? t&nfñSpfNyD; wkduf&if a>rqdyfajyw,f/ uif;udkufvdkY tqdyfwuf&if

t½GufeJY yGwfay;wmeJYudk aysmufw,f/ ukef;aA'gyifqdkwm a&aA'gyifeJY wpfxyfwnf;wlayr,fhvkdY a&aA'gxuf

tyGifhao;w,f .../ (pm? 124)

15/ ÓmPf&nfwufzd k Y jrif;cGm½Guf ...

uRefrtrsKd;? toufBuD;olawG[m b,fvkdawG jzpfrSef;rodbl;/ tcsdefrwkdifrD oli,fjyefapmaeMuw,f/

touf 60 omom pdwfrrSefcsifbJ oli,fjyefwwfaeNyD/ arhwm? avsmhwmuvnf; 0Dac:aewmyJ/ xrif;pm;NyD;wm?

rpm;&ao;wmudk arhwmu cufukefwm .../ (pm? 127)

NyD;awmh olwkdY[m olrsm;xuf pdwf"mwfjyif;xefNyD; &moufyefoufowfvGwform;awG jzpfaeygw,f/ ckvdk

jzpf&wm &moufyefoufowfvGwform;awGudk;/ uRefawmfodoavmufawmh 'DoufowfvGwform;awG[m

tm;jznfhaq;? tm½kHjznfhaq;av;awG rSD0JwwfMuygw,f/ (pm? 129)

olwkdYu odyfusef;rmawmh bmaq;rS pm;w,fvkdY rMum;rdygbl;&Sif/ tJ ... touf& vmawmhrSyJ wjznf;

jznf; arhwwfwmav; p? &dSvmwmygyJ .../ (pm? 130)

'gqdk 'DoufowfvGwform;BuD;awGudk jrif;cGm½GuftpkH? enf;pkH? rsKd;pkH okyfí? tkyfí? ckwfí? jyKwfí auR;prf;

Asm .../ ,kHMunfpdwfcspGm auR;ygAsm .../ ÓmPf&nfEkHYolrsm;udkvnf; auR;vkdY&w,f/ OD;aESmuftm½Hkavsmh? aysmh

vmaeolrsm;udkvnf; auR;&ygw,f/ rSwfÓmPfenf;yg;&ifvJ 'g ... vkdtyfygw,f/ tckvdk tcsdefrwdkifrD oli,fjyefovkd

jzpfaewm[mvJ acgif;xJ "mwftm;enf;vmrI wpfckygyJ/ uJ ... jrif;cGm½GufeJY bufx&Dtm; jznfhovdkudk acgif;xJ

tm;jznfhvdkufygAsm; .../ (pm? 130)

jrif;cGm½Gufqdkwm tiftm;rsm;? taMumrsm;? tm½kHaMumudpörsm;twGuf aq;wpfyg;jzpfwm trSefyJav .../

(pm? 131)

16/ jrif;cGm½Guf aq;zuf0ifyk H ...

(1) jrif;cGm½GufyÍöig;yg;udk a&pifatmifaq;í t&dyfü ajcmufaoGUapNyD; trIefYjyKvsuf ysm;&nfESifh rSD0Jygu &om,e

ac: touf&Snfaq; jzpfonf/

(2) tdyfraysmfaoma&m*g&dSolrsm; ESpfNcdKufpGmtdyfaysmfvdkygu jrif;cGm½GuftrIefYudk ysm;&nfESifh vsufay;&onf/

(3) qD;yl? qD;enf;? qD;atmifha&m*ga0'em&Sifrsm;taejzifh jrif;cGmyifyÍöig;yg;owåK&nfudk oMum;ESifh aomufEkdifonf/

(4) jrif;cGm½Guffukd t&nfñSpfí ysm;&nf? oMum;wkdYESifh aomufu cGeftm;udk wdk;yGm;apNyD; tarmtyef;cHEkdifonf/

(5) MuHKvSD? tm;enf;? armyef;aevQifjrif;cGmrIefY 5usyfom;? oMum; 25usyfom; udk a& wpfydómESifh BudKí

5


xuf0uf usefu ¤if;aq;&nf wpfaeY okH;ZGef; aomufay;&\/

(6) rsufpdem? rsufpdusdef;a&m*gjzpfvQif jrif;cGm½GuffowåK&nfudk ppf,lí wpfpuf? ESpfpufcefY rsufpOf;

cwfay;&onf/

(7) cE¨mudk,fwGif tempdrf;? tempufrsm; aygufygu jrif;cGmyÍöig;yg;&nfESifh qGwfay;vQif aysmufuif;ygonf/

(8) tempdrf;? aoG;pkemrsm;aygufNyD; tjrpf (jynfjrpf) rsm; usefaeygu jrif;cGm½Gufudk pyg;vifESifh qwlBudwfí

tkHay;jcif;jzifh tjrpfxGufaponf/

(9) uav;rsm; 0rf;ukduf? 0rf;emjzpfvQif jrif;cGm½Guf(7)½Guf? oMum;wpfa½G;? prkefeufwpfa½G;Budwfí tenf;i,f

cHGUay;&onf/

(10) jrif;cGm½Gufukd rD;jzifaET;í rkefn§if;qDESifh &ifbwfvdrf;ay;ygu uav;rsm;acsmif;qkd;? tqkwfem ...

aysmufuif;aponf/

(11) pum;xpfolrsm;? qGHUtolrsm;taejzifh jrif;cGm½Gufukd okwfpm;jcif;? wkdYjr§Kyfpm;jcif;? [if;cg;csufaomufjcif;

jyKygu oufomaponf/

(12) rSwfÓmPfenf;jcif;? OD;aESmufrMunfvifjcif;jzpfygu jrif;cGm½GufrIefYukd EGm;EkdY? oMum;ESifh aomufay;jcif;jzifh

OD;aESmufMunfvifí rSwfÓmPfukdaumif;ap\/

(13) aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;? qD;wGifaoG;ygjcif;? qD;csKyfjcif;jzpfcJhaomf jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nfukd oMum;tenf;i,fxnfhí

aomufjcif; (okdYr[kwf) jrif;cGm½Gufazsmf&nfjyKvkyfí aomufjcif;jzifh aysmufuif;aponf/

(14) cE¨mukd,fwGif xdcdkuf&Semjzpfjcif;? tylavmifjcif;jzpfcJhaomf jrif;cGm½Guf&nfvdrf;usHay;u ... aysmufuif;\/

(15) jrif;cGm½Gufukd vufzufajcmufozG,f a&aEG;wGifcwfaomufygu aoG;wkd;a&m*goufomapygonf/

(16) &om,e (touf&Snfaq;) tjzpf jrif;cGm½Gufukd i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nfwkdYESifh a&mpyfokH;aqmifEkdif\/

(17) jrif;cGm½GufrS xkwfaomjrif;cGmqDonf qHyifukdeufapaom tmedoif&Sdonfhtjyif OD;aESmufukd Munfaponf/

(18) armyef;EGrf;vsí tm;tifukefcrf;ygu ydwfcsif;oD;ESifh jrif;cGm½Gufukd qwlBudwfí eHeuf? n av;yJom;pD

pm;okH;&ygonf/

(19) rD;,yfaoG;tqif;vGefaevQif jrif;cGm½Guf (2)usyfom;? oMum; (2)usyfom;ukd a& (15)usyfom;xnfhí

xuf0ufcef;atmifBudKNyD;aemuf eHeuf? n vufzuf&nfZGef; (2)ZGef;pD ... wdkufay;&ygonf/

(20) uav;rsm;0rf;ukdufaevQif jrif;cGm½Guf 3-4½Gufukd oMum;? prkefjzLtenf;i,fxnfhBudwfí cGHUay;ygu

oufomaysmufuif;apygonf/

(jrif;cGm½Gufaq;zuf0ifykHukd usef;rma&;0efBuD;Xme? wkdif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;Xme\ ]]vufawGUtokH;cs aq;zuf

0if tyifrsm;aygif;csKyf}} pmtkyfrS aumufEkwfazmfjyygonf .../) (pm? 102)

(21) jrif;cGm½GufyÍöig;yg;ukd a&pifatmifaq;NyD; okH;cGuf? wpfcGufwifjyKwfí ppfNyD; ... oMum;tenf;i,f xnhfum

tcg;yef;uefwpfvkH;pmukd wpfem&D wpfBudrfaomufvQif wjznf;jznf; rD;,yfaoG;qif;vGefjcif;

&yfoGm;rnfjzpfaMumif;/ (þtrSwfpOf (21)ukd aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnfpmtkyf (4)? pmrsufESm (181) rS

aumufEkwfazmfjyygonf/ pOf (19)ESifh,SOfí qifjcifEkdif&ef/)

17/ jrif;cGm½Guf&om,e (touf&Snf) aq;

(1) ae&dyfvSef;jrif;cGm½GufrIefY 10.usyfom;

(2) i½kwfaumif;rIefY 2. usyfom;

(3) ysm;&nf 12. usyfom;

þaq; (3)rsKd;ukd tap;aygufatmif e,fNyD;aevSef; (ysm;&nfcef;ap&ef oifhawmf½kHvSef;yg)/ qD;uif;cefY vkH;í

avvkHaomzefykvif;rSmxm;yg/ eHeuf? aeYvnf? nOfh wpfaeYokH;cgpm;yg/ ykdpm;Ekdifu omí aumif;ygonf/ ab;?

Oy'frjzpfyg/ jrif;cGm½Gufukd oHqkHESifh raxmif;bJ opfom;qkH? ausufqkH? ajrqkHESifhomaxmif;yg .../

aysmufuif;Edkifaom a&m*grsm;rSm ... acgif;udkuf? tzsm;? BudKUxkd;? aoG;aMumifhjzpfaoma&m*g? onf;ajcysuf?

tzsOf;BuD;? tqkwf>yefa&mif? yeff;em&ifusyf? ukd,fa&0g (tom;0g)? ta&jym;a&m*g? ausmuf? 0ufouf? ,m;em?

6


tzktyddrfh? Elem? c½koif;? temayguf? temrD;vQH? ajcaovufao? ajcvuftaMumjywf? ½kyfysKdukd,fEk? ayghyg;vsifjref?

cGeftm;Avwkd;? ukd,fwGif;ukd,fy temr&Sd ... aeYpOf toufxufqkH; pm;Ekdifav? aumif;avjzpfygonf ... wpfESpfrQpJG

pm;Munfhyg .../ (þtrSwfpOf (17) ukd OD;vScif (qef;ñGUefOD;) \ ]]½GufacgufjrpfoD;? aq;enf;wpfaxmif}} pmtkyfrS

aumufEkwfazmfjyygonf .../) (pm?235)

18/ tonf;a&m*g? bDyk d;? qD;csK dwkd YESif h awmifqD;jzLyif ...

awmifqD;jzLyif[m tonf;a&m*g? bDykd;wifru qD;csdKygEkdifw,f/ 'Dtyif 10om; (wpfq,fusyfom;) ukd

okH;cGuf? wpfcGufwifBuKdyg? NyD;aemuf ...

]]aomufcsifoavmufaomuf ... aomufEkdifoavmufaomuf ... a&m*gtjrefaysmuf}} wpfywftMumrSm

qD;csKyf? 0rf;csKyfukyfaewJhb0uvGwfNyD; qD;? 0rf;rSefwrf;jzpfum ... odyfukdvef;vmw,f/ wpfvvnf;Muma&m ...

awmifoGm;? ajrmufoGm;vIyf&Sm;ygava&m .../ (pm? 133-135)

(þtrSwfpOfrSpí om*'kd;\ plvmezm (1)pmtkyfukd jyefMunfhyg) .../

19/ rarmatmifawmifwufenf;? c&D;a0;avQmufenf; ...

avSum;qkd&if toufESpfqifh&SLNyD; avSum;ESpfxpfwuf? wpfzefavukd ESpfqifhjyefxkwfNyD; avSum;

ESpfxpfwuf? ESpfqihf&SLoGif; ESpfqifhxkwfNyD;&if avSum;av;xpf wufNyD;oGm;NyD/ aemufESpfqifh&SL ESpfqifhxkwf ...

'kwd,avSum; av;xpf (so and so) .../ vrf;avQmuf&ifvnf; 'Dtwkdif;yJ.../ (pm? 148)

tusKd;aus;Zl;uawmh ... toufckESpfq,fausmftzkd;BuD;[m usdKufxD½kd;txrf;orm;awGeJY usKdufxD;½kd;

awmifay:okdYwuf&m ... tcsdefwlvkeD;yg; vkdufwufEkdifygaMumif; .../ (pm? 151)

20/ temrD;ESif h ausmufrD;aoG; ...

temawGu acgif;rSmrsm;vkdufwm ... MoZmoD;yrm jzpfaeawmhonf/ vlemukdvnf; ylavmifapwJh temrsKd; ...

ylwmrS rD;cJBuD;yrm .../

oDv&SifBuD;wpfyg;u temvkH;BuD;rsm;ukd ukdifMunhfNyD; ]][Jh ... 'g ... temrD;vkdY ac:w,f/ uav;odyfukd

yifyef;w,f/ tcefYroifh&if toufygwJhtrsKd;/ oGm;prf; ... rD;&xm;vrf;ab;rSm ausmufrD;aoG;&atmif&SmcJh?

aoG;vdrf;ay;? vdrf;vdrf;csif;ukd rD;tylvkdjzpfaewmyg oufomoGm;vdrhfr,f/}} aoG;vdrf;vdkufonfESifh uav;rSm

rD;taetxm;uae tat;"mwf&um tdyfaysmfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ 'Daemuf a&m*gvnf; wvTm;NyD; wvTm;uGmum

oufomoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 153)

21/ tbdk;BuD;rsm; armarmae&if tkef;ES J (= OES J = OEé J) ½Gufaomuf ...

ESvkH;? aoG;wkd;? &ifusyfpwJh a&m*grsm;r&dSbJ tbdk;BuD;rsm; arm? armaew,fqdk&if tkef;ESJ½Gufudk a>c,lNyD;

a&aEG;qlqlxnfhxm;wJh a&aEG;tdk;xJxnfhNyD; vufzuf&nfMurf;aomuf ovkdaomuf? tarmaysmufrSm {uef .../

(pm? 159)

22/ acsmif;qdk;? yef;emESif h &J,dkoD;? ysm;&nf ...

&J,dkoD;rSnfhrSnfhudk ysm;&nfESifh acgufpm;yg .../ (pm? 69)

pmukd;/ /vjynfh0ef;r*¾Zif;? trSwf 124? 2006? rwfv/ (pm? 69)

23/ urÇmYenf;vrf; udk,fwdkifprf; ...

vlUusef;rma&;udk tusKd;jyKapwJh a&m*ga0;apwJhenf;? udk,fcE¨mtwGif;rSm aoG;avvIyf&Sm;rI rSefuefapw,f/

aoG;tm;eJY avtm;udk EId;w,f/ 'ghtwGuf bmvkyf&rvJqdk&if toHxGufpmzwfygwJh/ *syefrSmvJ toHxGufpmzwfwm

7


acwfpm;aeygw,f/ (pm? 179)

a&S;u jrefrmhaq;q&mawG aq;ukykHu ]]wpfzmvkHomoma0;wJh bk&m;udk ajcoGufoGufeJYoGm;/ bk&m;udk

toHus,fus,feJY &Spfcdk;/ NyD;awmh jyefvmcdkif;w,f/}} 'g[m udk,fwGif;"mwfajymif;zdkY aoG;EId;wm? avEId;wm/ NyD;awmh

vlwpfa,mufudk (a&m*g&Sif) udk ylaygif;rIwfcdkif;vdkuf? avjyefavQmhcdkif;vkduf vkyfapw,f/ 'g ... 0ga,mpGrf;tm;

aumif;vmatmif vkyfcdkif;wm/ toHxGuf pmzwfyg/ toHxGuf y&dwf&Gwfyg .../ (pm? 180)

o Q o Q o

8


(2) plvmezmESif haq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (2)

om*'d k;

yxrtBudrf? 2005? 'DZifbm/ wefzd k; 800usyf/ pmayavmu .../

1/ aq;bk&ifplvmezmESif h aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

plvmezmokH;cGufwpfcGufwif (vufwpfqkyfteuf? okH;cGufwpfcGufwif) aeYpOf wpfzefcGuf aomufay;vQif

qD;csKdukd Ekdif½kHrQru a&m*grsKd;pkHudkvnf; Ekdifygonf/ toHaysmufol toHjyefa&mufvmjcif;? ESvkH;a&m*gaysmufol?

aoG;wkd;a&m*gaysmufol? tanmif;a&m*gaysmufol? uifqma&m*gaysmufolawG pkHvSonf .../

tysKduav;awG aomuf&ifvnf; a&m*gpifMu,fvkdY ydkvSvmr,f/ tom;t&nfwif;NyD; 0if;vmr,f/

rsufESmawG Munfvifvmr,f/ plvmezmyif&JU *kPfowådu tyludk acszsufEkdifwJh owådxl;&Sdw,f/ udk,fwGif;tyl

Nidrf;apNyD;? udk,fwGif;tyleJY ywfowfwJh a&m*grSeforQudk acszsufaysmufuif;apw,f/ vnfyif;BuD;wmawG

aysmufw,f/ tpmtdrfvrf;aMumif; udpöawGudkvnf; aysmufapw,f .../ (pm? 4)

NyD;awmh atmufyga&m*gawGudkvnf; aysmufuif;apygw,f .../

(1) udk,fvufanmif;nmrIawG ...

(2) pdwfusa&m*g ...

(3) tom;t&nfMunfvifNyD; 0if;xdefvmjcif; ...

(4) ptdkrS plxGufaeaom twufuav;ESifh aoG;wpfpuf? wpfpufus ...

(5) ESvkH;a&m*g ...

(6) qD;csKda&m*g ...

(7) aoG;wkd;a&m*g .../ (pm? 164)

2/ onf;ajcxJu ausmufaMuenf;ESif h rJZvDtjrpf? tkef;&nf ...

rJZvDtjrpfudk tkef;&nfeJY aoG;aomuf .../ (pm? 22)

(bm rJZvDvJ ... ayG;udkif;vm; ... aq;aygif;cwJh rJZvDvm; ... ¿)

3/ qD;vGefjcif;ESif h cHwuf½Guf ...

qD;vGefvQif (csOfzwfvkyfwJh cHwuf) cHwuf½Guf&ifh&ifh (5)½Gufcl;NyD;? okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomuf?

aysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 27)

4/ iSufzsm;ESif h &S def;cd k? uGrf;½Guf? aeZmjruf? Muyfcd k; ...

&Sdef;cdkudk yxraysmhatmif? aMuatmif? awyg/ NyD;awmh Muyfcdk;? uGrf;½Guf? aeZmjrufawGudk aMuatmif

awyg/ NyD;aemuf tm;vkH;aygif;pyfawyg/ xdkawaq;rS refusnf;aph ESpfaphpmavmuf pm;yg/ pm;NyD; aeYvnfydkif;

avmufwGif a&csKd;yg/ csrf;ayr,fhvnf; csKd;yg/ odyfrMumyg/ aEG;vmygvdrfhrnf/

þaq;pm;NyD; a&rSefrSefcsKd;&if tzsm;ajy;vdrfhrnf/ a&rcsKd;bJae&if pdrfhceJ? pdrfhceJjzpfvdrfhrnf/ tJ'D ... pdrfhceJ?

pdrfhceJjzpfwm ajy;atmif a&csKd;ay;&rnf/ aq;aomufvdkuf? a&csKd;vdkuf vkyf&ygonf .../ (pm? 38)

(aeZmjruf = xdyfqDrSm toD;zkwkwkeJYjruf)

5/ wyifEd kif jreef;ESif h uifqm ...

wyifEkdifjreef;tyifudk t&nfvkyfaomufaomuf? xkaxmif;pm;pm;? wjcm;vnf; BudKufwmvkyfaygh/ cHwGif;

uifqm? vnfacsmif;uifqm? yg;pyfuifqm pwmawG aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 46)

9


6/ wpfudk,fvHk; qm;yGwfjcif;ESif h udk,fwGif;"mwfaiGU oefYpifenf; ...

a&rcsKd;cif ajcudk a& t&ifavmif;/ NyD;awmh vnfyif;atmufydkif; a&wpfcGufavmif;/ 'Dvkdavmif;NyD;

a&pdkaewJh udk,fudk ajcz0g;upNyD;yGwf? wpfudk,fvkH; 'Dvufwpfckyfqm;eJY vufrSDorQ ausm&,f? vnfyif;uae

aygifawGtxd qm;yGwfNyD;awmh a&avmif;csNyD; a&csKd;wmyJaygh .../

tJ'g ... udk,fwGif;raumif;"mwfaiGUudk oefYpifypfwJh enf;vrf;yJwJh/ 'gqdk&if a&m*gawGuif;NyD; touf

&Snfwm? vlygacsmwm? wpfudk,fvkH;[m ayghyg;NyD; odyfudkaevdkY? xdkifvdkY aumif;wmyJ/ oabmuawmh qm;"mwfeJY

udk,fwGif;raumif;"mwfawGudk z,f&Sif;wJhenf;yJ .../

aemufwpfck oGm;awG;rdwm&Sdw,f/ tifrwef ykyfpyfaewJh ig;udk qm;eJY awGUay;vdkufwm bmjzpfoGm;vJ/

'DvkdkjrifNyD; udk,fwGif; tykyftpyf pifwm[vdkY? vkyf&wmvJ ykdtm;&Sdw,f .../

qm;vufwpfckyfeJY wpfudk,fvkH;yGwfypfvkdufwm? csufcsif;vufiif;udk vef;qef;usef;rm ydkjzpfoGm;ovkd cHpm;

&w,f/ udk,faiGUawG w&Sdef&Sdef xGufaewmuvJ ZdrfwpfrsKd; jzpfaeygawmhw,f .../ (pm? 54)

(emvefxrsm; qm;yGwfvQif usef;rmrI jrefqefygonf .../)

7/ qm;ESif h tzsm;a&m*g ...

]]'dk;}} udk,fwdkif *syefzrf;cH&NyD;aemuf Mucwf0g;ql;yifrsm;tm; wdk;NyD; xGufajy;cJh&í 'Pf&mrsm;pGmeJY

jyif;pGmzsm;cJhygonf/ aq;ew¬d jzpfaeonfh opfacgif;BuD;&GmrS tbwdkYu qm;tcJBuD;rsm;udk axmif;í xdkqm;rsm;jzifh

vufz0g;? ajcz0g;awGay: ykHNyD; t0wfpkwfpnf; wpfntdyfvkduf&m tzsm;a&m? emusOfrIawGyg wpfntausmfrSm

aysmufukefygawmhonf/

Munfhprf; ... pGrf;vkdufonfhenf;vrf;/ bmrSrygbJ qm;awGudk aq;vkyfNyD; ukvkdufwm ewfaq;yrm

jzpfcJh&ygonf .../ (pm? 58)

8/ ausmufz½k HoD;ESif h aoewf'Pf&m ...

(*syefESifh) wkdufyGJjzpfí &Jabmfpef;jrifhum; ajcaxmufudk aoewfrSefcJhNyD;? &JabmfxGef;NrdKifrSm 0rf;AdkufwGif

aoewfrSefNyD; 'Pf&maygufBuD; jzpfae&m aoavmufonfh udpöjzpfcJhygonf/

wkdufyGJaoewf'Pf&mqdkwm ,rf;aiGU? ,rf;oufu rsm;pGmpGufaeNyD; ½dk;½dk;temxuf rsm;pGmpdk;&drf&ygonf/

uko&vnf; cufygonf/ OD;BuD;wdkYu olwdkYenf;? olwdkY[efjzifh (aq;rygonfh jrefrmhenf;jzifh) wu,f uko?

u,fwifEkdifonfhtoGif rsufjrifjzpfawmh&m ]]'dk;}} rSm ]]aus;vufaq;ynm}} udk &ifxJ rpGJbJ b,faeawmhrnfenf;

.../

&Jabmfpef;jrifh ajcaxmuf'Pf&mtNyJBuD;udk ausmufz½kHoD;cGJ taeawmfvkyfum uyfNyD; ywfwD;pnf;

ay;ygonf/ &JabmfxGef;NrdKif Adkuf'Pf&mudkvnf; ausmufz½kHoD; taeawmfuyf ywfwD;pnf;ay;ygonf/ aemuf ...

t&nfawG &Trf;vm&m eHeufykdif;ESihf nykdif; vJí? vJí ay;ygonf/ topfwpfzef xyfí? xyfí uyfay;ygonf .../

ausmufz½kHoD;"mwfu odyfudkpGrf;wmaemf/ ,rf;aiGU"mwfa&m? 'Pf&mtemtykyftpyfeJY oiH&nf raumif;

wmawGa&m pkyfxkwfNyD; tom;aumif;jyefwwfatmif ol jrefjrefvkyfEdkifw,f/ olUowdåudku tykyftpyfom

r[kwfbl;/ teHYudkawmif EdkifvGef;vdkYav/ a&S;u &GmxJrSm MumMumxm;r,fh ]]rom}} qdk&if ausmufz½kHoD;udk qGJMu?

uyfay;Mu? cHay;Mu vkyfay;&w,f .../

ausmufz½kHu aq;owådBuD;awmh ... [if;csufpm;&if aq;pm;ovkdyJ jzpfawmhwmaygh/ qD;a&m*gvnf;

odyfEkdifw,f? [if;csKdvkyfaomuf ... qD;xJuausmuf ... jyKwfuswm {uef? a,mufsm;wkYd pGrf;yum; twGufvnf;

,kdvkyfNyD; awmhpm;/ (pm? 58)

9/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfeJ Y vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf tay:,HtvTmukd cGmvkdufyg/ twGif;om;tykdif;ukd tjym;av;vkyfNyD; azmaewJh

vnfyif;ae&m rSmuyfay;yg/ ywfwD;av;eJY pnf;xm;yg/ odyfrMumcif aysmufrSmyg/ ]]'kd;}} &Jh wlrt&if;jzpfwmukd

10


jrefrmhorm;awmfOuú|BuD; q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifukd,fwkdif ukay;cJhwJhenf;vrf;yg .../ (pm? 65)

10/ plvmezmESif h vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ...

plvmezmukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomuf&ifvnf; aysmufygw,f/ 'Denf;[mvnf; q&mBuD; OD;ÓmPfvGif

ukd,fwkdif oifMum;ñTefjycJhwJh enf;jzpfygw,f/ ta&;BuD;wmu 'D&ufxJrSm MoZmoD;ukdawmh rpm;ygeJY .../ (pm? 66)

(MoZmoD;aMumifh vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g jzpfwmvm; ... plvmezmeJY MoZmoD; "mwfrwnfhvdkY wm;jrpfwmvm; ...¿/)

11/ puúLyef;ESif h aoG;wkd;a&m*g ...

puúLyef;yGifhukd wpfaeYwpfcgpm; ...

wpfcgpm;rS ...]]okH;yGifh}} xJ ...

a&m*gcGmapcsif&if ... rSefrSefpm; .../ (pm? 70)

12/ acgif;avmif;yef;ESif h ESvkH;a&m*g ...

acgif;avmif;yef;yGifh ... wpfcgpm; ]]ig;yGifh}} ...

b,ftcsdefpm; ... b,fawmhpm;vkdYawmhrygbl; ...

yg;pyfxJrSm 0g;&if cRJwJwJ? yspfwpfwpf&Sdw,f .../ (pm? 72)

13/ aqmif;ESif;&nfESif h taMuma&m*g ...

jrufawmjrufyifu ESif;a&ukd vdrf;ay;vl;ay;&if taMumodyfukd oefpGrf;ygw,f/ vufawGukd vl;?

ajcawGukdvl;? odMum;rif;ay;wJh taumif;pm;aq;? tzkd;wefaomtaMumaq;/ ]]'dk;}} rdwfaqG\ orD;i,f

]]a½TvSav;}} qkdwm ... i,fpOfrSmyif b0rvSjzpfum ... vrf;vkH;0 ravQmufonftxd csnfheJYaecJhygonf .../ (pm?

80)

olav;rSm vlvkH;rvS b0qkH;&SmaeNyDaygh .../ okdYaomf wu,fyJ odMum;rif;qDuvmwJh ESif;&nfu

]]ra½TvSav;}} b0ukd u,fwifchJygonf/ eHeufcif; ... jrufcif; ESif;awmxJrSm olUukd jrefrmhenf;t& w&GwfqGJay;&m

... odyfrMumcifrSm olav; vrf;avQmufygawmhonf/ tcktcsdefrSmawmh b0wef;aphNyD; ollav;rSm

tdrf&mwnfaxmifum om;orD; (3)a,mufyif yGm;pD;cJhygNyD/ olUtaMumawG jyefoefrmapwm þESif;xJu

aq;tppfjzpfygawmhonf .../ (pm? 83)

14/ ysm;&nfESif h yifv,ftlem0rf;avQm ....

yifv,ftlemvkdjzpfNyD; 0rf;awGavQmcJh&if ...

ysm;&nftMurf;yef;uefwpf0uf aomufyg .../ (pm? 97)

15/ yifpdrf;ESif h t&ufjzwfaq; ...

yifpdrf;owåK&nfukd ... okH;&ufqufaomufyg .../ (pm? 105)(aq;tBudrf twkdif;twmryg/)

16/ tlaq;jcif;ESif h ESvkH;a&m*g ...

jrif;jcHOD;atmifu olUtouf (80)0if arG;aeYrSm? olodwJh usef;rmatmifaeenf;av;awGukd a&;om;

jzefYa0cJhygw,f/ bma&;xm;ovJqkdawmh qm'l;enf;rsm;eD;pyfrvm;yJ/ wpfvvQif ... wpf&uf? ESpf&ufjzpfap?

okH;&ufjzpfap trmcHawGrpm;bJ azsmf&nfavmufomaomufwJh &ufrsm;&Sdoifhw,fvkdY enf;vrf;ay;ygw,f/

trmcHawGa&SmifvkdY vdar®mf&nf? a&Smuf&nf? oHyk&m&nfponfukd a&eJY oifh½kHa&mNyD; aomufEkdifygu vGefpGm

aumif;vSonfvkdY ajymygw,f/ (pm? 107)

'g[m ... wpfoufwmvkH; tokH;jyKae&wJh (wpfoufwmvkH; r&yfrem;tokH;jyKae&wJh) tlukd aq;ay;jcif;?

11


tlukd cPtem;ay;jcif; oabmvnf; aqmifygw,f/ NyD;awmh ... tqDawGusatmif vkyfaqmif&mvnf; usawmh ...

ESvkH;a&m*guif;a0;zkdYtxd tusKd;&Sdygw,f .../ (pm? 110)

17/ 'defcsOfESif h qD;csK d? uifqm ...

aemufNyD; jrif;jcHOD;atmifu olukd,fwkdifvnf; ... 'defcsOfrSefrSefaomufNyD;? 'defcsOfaomufjcif;ukdvnf;

tm;ay;csifykH&ygw,f/ ukd,fwGif;a&m*gawG ajya&;? aMua&;ayghav/ ukd,fhtdrfrSm ... vG,fvG,faygaygeJY 'defcsOf

vkyfenf;ukdvnf; ajymjyygw,f .../

EkdYukd em&D0ufavmuf usKdNyD;awmh oefYjyefYwJhae&mrSm ESpf&ufavmuf 'Dtwkdif;xm;vkduf&if tcsOf0ifí

'defjzpfwmygyJwJh/ 'D'defxJu wpfZGef;avmuf EkdYxJxnfhvkduf&if wpf&ufeJY 'defjzpfwmyJaygh ..../

'gukd rSefrSefaomuf&if ... omrefusef;rma&;aumif;½kH? tm[m&jzpf½kHoufoufwif r[kwfawmhbl;/

qD;csKdorm;tzkdY odyfaumif;w,f ... uifqma&m*gukdyg umuG,fEkdifw,fvkdY ... OD;atmifu ñTef;ygw,f/ (pm?

110)

18/ wifyg;tem*syfjym;BuD;eJ Y refusnf;½GufMuyfxkyf ...

aq;xkd;í jzpfonf[k xif&aom wifyg;&Sd tem*syfjym;BuD;udk refusnf;½GufMuyfxkyfeJY wpf&ufudk wpfcg

aeom½kH Muyfxkyfxdk;ay;&ygonf/ wpf&ufwpfcg MuyfxkyfxJ&Sd refusnf;½Gufudk vJay;&ygonf/ temusyfjym;BuD; rSm

tv,fodkY zkvm? pkvmawmhrS pm;aq;wifwmwdkY? tqdyfajzwmwdkYudk q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifu qufvkyfr,f

ajymygw,f/ aq;enf; razmfjyxm;yg .../ (pm? 25)

19/ plvmezmESif h uefYuvm (*ef Y*vm) jcm;em;csuf ...

plvmezmESifh wpfxyfwnf; wlvSonfh uefYuvm (*efY*vm) yifudk plvmezmqdkNyD; nmí a&mif;aeMuonf/

uefYuvmu ½kwfjcnf;Munfh&if plvmezmESifh cGJr&p&myg/ t½Guftaetxm;csif;? toD;av;awG ygwmcsif; ponfrSm

wpfxyfwnf;vdk wlonf/ odkYaomf taotcsmMunfh&if uefYuvmu t½Gufxdyf0dkif;NyD; plvmezmu

t½GufcRefovkdav; &dSonf .../ (pm? 118)

uefYuvmjyKwfaomuf&mrSm cg;onf/ plvmezmu rcg;yg/ t&omwpfrsKd;yif ay:csifygonf/ uefYuvmESifh

a&mxm;onfh plvmezmaomuf&if bmjzpfEkdifovJvkdY ar;Mu&m uefYuvmjyKwfaomufrdwm raumif;rjzpfygbl;/

olUtcg;"mwfu avudkawmif Edkifygw,f? [kajz&\ .../ (pm? 119)

wpfcsufod&ef vdkao;onf/ uefYuvmt½kd;udk csKd;vkdufvQif qwfceJ usKd;onf/ plvmezmudk csKd;vQif rusKd;/

wGJcHonf/ NyD; ... plvmezmu EGrf;vmavav? rmvmavavESifh txJwGif oHacsmif;xnfhxm;ovdk rmawmifawmif

jzpfaeonf .../ (pm? 119)

20/ uefYuvmESif h ywfoufí ...

tmedoifrSm cg;\/ at;\/ tpmudk aMunufap\/ t½GufrSm cg;\/ uefYuvmtokH;0ifykHrSm ykd;udk

y,fwwf\/ temudk aumif;ap\/ ,m;em? a&iwfjcif;? ESvkH;usOf;jcif;? qD;ESifhywfoufaoma&m*g ponf

aysmufuif;\/ tm;wkd;jcif;? xufjrufjcif;? aoG;udk pifMu,fapjcif;ponfwdkYudk jzpfaponf/ tdEd,aq;usrf;rsm;

tqdk& 0rf;wGif;&dS ydk;trsKd;rsKd;udk oefYpifaponf .../

(þpmydk'f (20) onf plvmezm (2) pmtkyfrS r[kwf/ wkdif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;XmerS xkwfa0aom ]]vufawGUtokH;cs

aq;zuf0iftyifrsm; (aygif;csKyf) pmtkyfrS aumufEkwf azmfjyygonf .../)

21/ rsufESmrS rS J UuGuf? rS J Urnf;BuD;rsm;ESif h vufonf;? aq;vdyfrS jym ...

rsufESmrS rSJUuGuf? rSJUrnf;BuD;rsm;udk vufonf;jzifh jcpfukwfNyD; aq;vdyfjymESifh wdkY ay;yg/ vufonf;ukd

ydk;r0ifatmif aoaocsmcsm aq;yg/ jcpfrnfhvufonf;udk tm½kHpdkufvkdufwmESifh wpfudk,fvkH;rS tyl"mwfawG[m

12


vufonf;xdyfrSm vmpkowJh/ 'Dtyludk tm;,lwmwJh .../

aq;vdyfjymu 'Dae&mrSm tvGefaumif;wJh aq;wpfrsKd;ygyJ/ aq;vdyfjymrSm tvGeftm;enf;onfh pyfwJh

"mwfav;ygwJhtwGuf temudk ykd;&Sif;ay;wJhtwGuf jrefjrefusufapygw,f/ tJ'Djymudk rsufESmopfNyD;wdkif;?

a&csKd;NyD;wdkif; yg;yg;av; xnfhay;yg .../

½k&Sm;EkdifiHoGm;wkef;u jrefrmvdkwwfwJh ½k&Sm;rav;qDu &vkdufwJhenf;yg/ 'g ... tuste okH;oyfxm;wJh

odyÜHynmygwJh .../ (pm? 139 - 140)

22/ avwGef;tm;enf;yg;aomaMumifh 0rf;csKyf? 0rf;usyf ESif h Ak dufavhusif hcPf; ...

avtm;enf;í wGef;tm;enf;vmNyDqkd&if 0rf;csKyfjcif; 'ku©BuKH&NyD ... 'gqkd&if ... wpfenf;u

[if;oD;[if;½Gufpm;ay;/ aemufwenf;u ... AdkufavhusifhcPf; vkyfay;? ukd,fukd yufvufvSefum ...

udk,fhajcESpfacsmif;ukd acgif;ukdausmfatmif ajr§mufumajr§mufumwifay;? wifwJhtcgrSm t½Sdefav;eJYwif jyeftcs

rSmawmh enf;enf;av;aES;í? aES;í jyefcs/ aES;NyD;jyefcswJhtwGuf 0rf;AdkufrSm cHpm;rI&wmaygh/ 0rf;uspfwm

aysmufw,f? 0rf;vG,f? 0rf;aysmhjzpfapw,f/ 0rf;ukd csdefNyD; tBudrf (30)uae tBudrf (60)Mum;vkyfay;yg .../ (pm?

146)

23/ uGrf;½GufeJ Y om;tdrfuifqm ...

oHk;cGNrKdUe,f uwHk;ay:tv,f&Gmu a':at;oG,f touf (84)ESpf om;tdrfuifqm ... tylaMumifh

jzpfwJha&m*g ... tylcszkdY&m vkdwmygyJ/ tylcswJhae&mrSm taumif;qkH;uawmh uGrf;½Guf/ uGrf;½GuftpGrf;[m

tylaMumifhjzpfwmrSeforQukd aMuysufatmif ajczsufEkdifpGrf;&Sdw,f/ uGrf;½GuftpGrf;eJY a&m*gaysmufEkdifw,fvkdY

ajymwmygyJ/ (pm? 151)

uGrf;½Gufukd a&m*g&SdwJh ae&mrSm rSef;NyD;uyfwJhtcg pdwf"mwf,kHMunfpGm bk&m;ukd t&if&Sdckd;NyD;rS uyfygwJh/

'geJY rSwfrSwf&&yJ &wemoHk;yg;ukd OD;xdyfxm;í a&m*gaysmufoGm;zkdY qkawmif;NyD; uGrf;½GufuyfwmygyJ/ uGrf;½Gufukd

a&m*g&Sd&mrSef;NyD; &ifeJY0rf;ae&mwGif uyfcJh&mrSm ... uGrf;½Guf (10)½GufcefYjzpfNyD; (15)&uf Mumonftxd rSwfrSwf

&&uyfcJhygw,f/ (pm? 152)

t&ifu ... &ifacgif;ae&mrSm ylovkdvkdawG cHpm;rI&SdcJh&mu 'Dylovkdkvkd jzpfaewmawG aysmufawmh

uGrf;½Gufuyfjcif;ukd &yfcJhwmygyJ/ uGrf;[m ukd,fwGif;u tyleJYtykyf"mwfukd qGJ,l? pkyfxkyfz,f&Sm;wwfygw,f/

'DtyleJY tykyf"mwfawGpifwJhaemuf a&m*gaysmufzkdYyJaygh/ 'gukdrSef;qMunfhNyD;awmhum udk,foufomw,fvkdY xifwJh

tcgrSm &yfvkdufwmygyJwJh/ (pm? 152)

24/ uefpGef;½k d;teDESif h aoG;yspfa&m*g ...

aoG;yspfa&m*gjzpfvQif uefpGef;½GufteDrsKd; (uefpGef;½GufteD) rSt½Guftm;vkH;a>cypfyg/ t½kd;csnf; oufouf

oHk;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdí wpfaeYvQifwpfcGufEIef; reufzuftcsdefrSm aomufyg .../ (pm? 161)

25/ 0JESif;claysufaq; ...

ajcaxmufwGif&Sdaom 0JESif;cl ... a&odk;? a&npfajrmif;xJ tMumBuD;qif;ae&muae a&m*gawGaysmuf

ukefyga&m/ 'gukd pma&;q&mBuD; odef;azjrifhu r,kHvkdY tm&Saq;0g;ynm&SifBuD;jzpfawmfrlaom odrfjzLq&mawmf

tm; avQmufxm;Munfh&m ... q&mawmfBuD;u ]]'umBuD; ... 'g ... jzpfavmufwJhudpötrSefyJ/ ESif;clu

tykyftpyfBudKufwJh ykd;awGpGJ&myJ/ a&ajrmif;u tykyfeYH&awmh 'Dydk;awGu wkd;txGufrSm olwkdYxufqkd;wJh

a&qkd;ajrmif;ykd;awGu olwkdYukd pm;ypfvkdufawmh a&m*gaysmufa&myJ .../}}

tdEd,rdwfaqGESpfOD;u ajymzl;w,f ]]aysmufcJwJh ESif;cla&m*gukd rpifykyfokwfNyD; ywfwD;eYJtkyfxm;vkdufyg/

aemuf ... aysmufa&m}} vkdY enf;ay;cJhwm apwemtrSef? {uefrSefwJhenf;yJqkdwm tckrS,kHí aus;ZlwifpGm x?

uefawmhcsif& jyefawmho[m .../ (pm? 172)

13


26/ <uufEk d Yaysmufenf; ...

yxrOD;qkH;aygufonfh ]]<uufrBuD;EkdY}} ukdoefY&Sif;a&;vkyf? ,if;tay:rSm 0g*Grf;a&G;aphcefYwif? rD;ESifhtom wkdY?

&JceJtjzpf? ylceJtaerSm vufñId;? vufrjzifhqGJí xkd<uufEkdYukd tjrpfygatmif ESkwfypfvkdufyg/ usefwJh

<uufEkdYawGuawmh oltvkdvkd ñdI;NyD; olU[mol jyKwfusoGm;ygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 176)

o Q o Q o

14


(3) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (1)

armifarmifvdIif (tyfpd kufuk)

yxrtBudrf? 2003? 'DZifbm/ wefzd k; vufaqmifrGef/ Perfect pmay .../

1/ bmomjyefol\ trSmpm...

þaqmif;yg;onf ]]w½kwfjynfESvHk;aoG;aMumokawoetzGJU}} acgif;aqmifygarmu© ]][kefausmif;uGrf;}} u

]]usKH;eef[dkif}} wGif A[dktpdk;& acgif;aqmifBuD;rsm;ESifh e,fy,ftoD;oD;rS yg&*lrsm;tm; ]]usef;rma&;

apmifha&SmufrIynm}} a[majymyGJrS a[majymcsufrsm;jzpfygonf/

]]ayusif;}} naeowif;pmwGif azmfjycJY&m jynfoltrsm; aomif;aomif;jzjzBudKqkd zwf½IcJYMuojzifY

tjcm;owif;pmrsm;uyg xyfrHazmfjycJh&onfh aqmif;yg;ukd bmomjyefxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ ygarmu©

[kefausmif;uGrf;onf ESvkH;txl;uk q&m0efBuD;wpfOD;jzpfonfhjyif? tar&dum;wGifvnf; umuG,fa&;aq;ynmukd

okawoejyKavhvmcJholwpfOD; jzpfygonf/ ]]usKH;eef[dkif}} onf w½kwfjynfA[kdtpkd;& ½kH;pkduf&mae&mjzpfygonf/

a[majymolu...ol\odyÜHenf;usaom? vG,fulpGmvkdufemusifhokH;Edkifaomenf;vrf;twkdif; aexkdifpm;

aomufoGm;rnfqkdygu usef;usef;rmrmESifh touf(100) ausmfaeEkdif&rnf[k a[majymxm;ygonf/ (pm?

tzGifhpmrsufESm) (pm = rl&if;pmtkyf\ pmrsufESm ...ukdñTef;ygonf/)

2/ rodvkd Uao&wmyg...

tckacwfrSm OD;aESmufaoG;aMuma&m*g? tzktBudwfa&m*g? qD;csdKa&m*g pwmawG ...tjzpfrsm;&wm[m

pD;yGm;a&;zHGUNzdK;wkd;wufwmaMumifh? ukefxkwfvkyfrI ukHvkH<u,f0wmaMumifhvkdY ajymaeMuwm vkH;0ukdrSm;ygw,f/

'Da&m*gawG jzpf&wm ½kyf0w¬Kypönf;awG&UJ ,Ofaus;rI tqifhtwef; jrifhvmwmaMumifh r[kwfbJ

...pdwf"mwf,Ofaus;rItqifhtwef;rrDvkdY&,f ...usef;rma&;apmifha½SmufrI csKdUwJhvkdY&,faMumifh jzpf&wm vkdY,lqygw,f/

vltrsm;tjym;[m a&m*gaMumifhao&wm r[kwfbJ rodrIaMumifh ao&wmjzpfygw,f/ (pm? 3)

3/ tav;tyifrwJhtvkyfawG rvkyfygeJ Yaemf? ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfa&m*gawG jzpfEd kifygw,f ...

ajcmufusyfwefwJh rkefnif;yif (tawmfrsm;rsm;) tav;tyifawGukd okH;xyfwdkufay: rEdkifreif; rwifcJhwJh

twGuf ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfoGm;vkdY aq;zkd;ajcmufaomif; ukefuscJhygw,f/ NyD;awmh a&m*g&JU'Pfukdvnf; aovkeD;

yg;cHchJ&ygw,f/ 'gaMumifhrkdU omreftcsdefawGrSm yifyef;whJ tvkyf vkyfavhvkyfx r&SdchJ&if ...tav;tyif rEdkifreif;awG

½kwfw&uf rwmrsKd; rvkyfygeYJaemf .../ (pm? 7)

4/ odyÜ Hynm&SifawGtBuHjyKwhJ rdepf0uf(3)rsK d; ...

(u) yxrrdepf0uf ...Ekd;Ekd;csif;rxygeYJ? rdepf0uf qufvSJaeyg .../

(c) 'kwd,rdepf0uf ...rdepf0ufwdwd...x xkdifaeyg .../

(*) wwd,rdepf0uf ...(ukwifjzifhtdyfvQif) rdepf0ufwdwdajcwGJavmif;csNyD; qufxkdifaeyg/(pm? 9)

(tBuHjyKcsuf) ... ukwifjzifh rtdyfolrsm;taejzifh Murf;ay:wGifxkdifvQufajcqif;í wwd,rdepf0ufukd

ukefvGefapoifhonf/ (pmul;ol)

¤if; ...rdepf0uf (3)rsKd;NyD;rS vkd&mxoGm;yg .../ (pm? 9)

(wpfrS okH;q,ftxd a&wGufjcif;onf tcsdeftm;jzifhrdepf0uf jzpfygonf/ bmomjyefol)

5/ rdepf0ufokH;rsK d;u umuG,fEl difonfh a&m*grsm; ...

nvkH;ayguf odyfxm;aomum;ukd reufa&mufwJhtcg csufcsif;pufEId;NyD; armif;oGm;ír&yg/ pufukd ylatmif

raise vkyf&ygw,f/ xkdUtwl vlBuD;rsm;vnf; Ekd;Ekd;csif; ½kwfw&ufxroGm;oifhyg/ ajymchJovkd rdepf0uf okH;cgavmuf

cPav; aeay;vkduf&if rvkdvm;tyfwJh ½kwfw&ufvJus? acgif;uGJ? t½kd;usKd; ponfjzifh rdom;pktwGif; aMuuGJpGmjzifh

15


aoqkH;&rIawG trsm;BuD;avsmhenf;NyD; OD;aESmufwGif; aoG;,kwfavsmh? usqif;wmvnf; rjzpfawmhygbl;/

ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfwmwkdY? avjzwfwmwkdYvnf; rjzpfawmhygbl; .../ (pm? 9)

6/ odyÜ Hynm&SifawG tBuHjyKwhJ em&D0uf(3)rsK d; ...

(u) reuftdyf,mx taES;ajy;wmrsKd; ESpfrkdiftxdvkyfyg/ 'grSr[kwf wjcm;ukd,fvufvIyf&Sm;rIwckckvkyfyg/

(c) aeYv,fykdif; em&D0uftdyfyg/ 'gqkd&if ... wpfnaevkH; vef;qef;aeygvdrhfr,f .../

(*) naebuf em&D0ufjznf;jznf;vrf;avQmufyg/ 'gqkd&if ... ntdyfvkdY ykdaumif;r,f .../ (pm? 11)

7/ em&D0uf okH;rsK d;u umuG,fEk difwJh a&m*grsm; ...

ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfa&m*geJY aoG;wdk;a&m*gjzpfyGm;EIef; avsmhenf;apEdkifygw,f .../

8/ usef;rmapzdk Y enf;vrf;wus pm;aomufyg ...

u,fvpD,rf (xkH;"mwf) csKdUwJh&if t½kd;udkufcJwwfw,f? t½kd;yGwwfw,f? t½kd;usnf;aygif;wufr,f?

cg;emr,f? aygifudkufr,f? toufBuD;olawG ylyifaomu jzpfvG,fr,f? cg;ukef;wwfw,f? t½kd;usKd;vG,fw,f?

'gawGudk umuG,fcsif&if ... ntdyf&m0if 'defcsOfwpfcGuf (odkU) yJEkdU ESpfcGuf aomufay;yg .../

xrif;rpm;cif [if;csKdaomufu usef;rmoG,fvsrnf/ 0 csif&if xrif;pm;NyD;rS [if;csKdaomuf/ ydefcsif&if

[if;csKdaomufNyD;rS xrif;pm;/ tyifu&wJh y½kdwdef;usawmh bmtaumif;qkH;vJ ...yJydpyf? yJiyd? yJykyf (Soya Bean)

[m ... usef;rma&;udk aumif;rGefap½kHomrubl; ... trsKd;orD;BuD;rsm; aoG;qkH;udkifwJha&m*gudk

txl;umuG,fay;ygw,f .../

t,fvAsLrif (y½kdwdef;) rsm;vGef;jyef&ifvnf; taoapmr,f/ bmaMumifhvJ qdkawmh trDEdktufppf

trsm;tjym;[m ]]qD;}} xJrSmygoGm;awmh ausmufuyfudk xdcdkufwmaygh/ t,fvAsLrif (y½kdwdef;)

rsm;vGef;jyef&ifvnf; tpmraMujzpfr,f/ tlwGif; tqdyftawmuf wdk;yGm;r,f/ t,fvAsLrif (y½kdwdef;)

enf;jyef&ifvnf; raumif;bl;/ NyD;awmh &ufowåwpfygwfrSm qeftEkpm;½kHwifrubJ qefMurf;udk okH;? av;

Budrfawmh pm;ay;&r,f/ ajymif;zl;rIefY? ajymif;zl;&ifh? uefpGef;OeD pwJh tpmMurf;awGvnf; pm;ay;&r,f/ NyD;awmh t0?

tNyJ rpm;ygeJY/ q,fyHkpm;Edkifw,f qkd&if ckESpfyHk? &SpfyHk avmufompm;ay;yg/ 'Dtcsuf[m ta&;tBuD;qkH;yJ/

vwfqwfwJh [if;oD;[if;½GufeJY opfoD;awG&JU xl;uJwJh tmedoifuawmh uifqma&m*g jzpfEdkifrI xuf0uf

ausmf avsmhenf;apygw,f/ toD;t½Guf? eD? 0g? pdrf;? jzL? rJ (rnf;) .../

c&rf;csOfoD; teD? trSnfh wpfaeYwpfvkH; pm;yg/ trsKd;om;rsm;twGuf qD;usdwfuifqm jzpfEdkifajc 45%

avsmhenf;r,f/ pdwf"mwfusaew,fqdk&if i½kwfoD; teDawmifh enf;enf; pm;ay;&if pdwf"mwfaumif;rGefvmNyD;

ylyefaMumifhMuwJh pdwfawG avsmhenf;apygw,f/ ]]0g}} qdkwmu eD0ga&mif [if;oD;[if;½Guf? rkefvmOeD? z&JoD;?

uefpGef;O? ajymif;zl;&ifh? a½Tz½kHoD; awGaygh/ tJ'D toD;awG? OawGrSm ADwmrif ]]at}} yg0ifw,f/ ADwmrif ]]at}}

csKdUwJh&if uav;awGrSm yoda&mifr,f? tat;rdzsm;r,f? vlvwfydkif;qdk&if aoG;vTwfaMum rmuspfr,f? vlBuD;ydkif;

qdk&if rsufpdrIefr,f .../

NyD;awmh ]]pdrf;}} qdkwm tpdrf;a&mif vufzufajcmuf (Green Tea) a&aEG;Murf;yg .../ t&nfxJrSmawmh

a&aEG;Murf;[m taumif;qkH;ygyJ/ a&aEG;Murf;xJrSm ygwJh "mwfawG[m yifyef;'PfaMumifh pGJuyfwJh a&m*gawGudk

umuG,fEdkifygw,f/ tdkrif;&ifha&mfrIudk aES;auG;apw,f? vef;qef;EkysKdapw,f/ a&aEG;Murf;aomufwm

touf&Snfapw,f/ tzktusdwfxGufwm avsmhenf;apw,f/ NyD;awmh aoG;vTwfaMum rmuspfrIudk

avsmhenf;apwmuawmh {uef'd|ygyJ .../

]]jzL}} uawmh tjzLa&mifauGumtkyf (jrif;pm;*sKH) yg/ aeYpOf eHeuf auGumtkyf wpfcGuf aomufyg/

auGumtkyftjyKwf[m udkvufpxa&m (tqD"mwf) udk usapygw,f/ qD;csKda&m*geJY udk,ftav;csdef avQmhcszdkY

twGufvnf; tvGefaumif;ygw,f/ txl;ojzifh auGumtkyf[m 0rf;aysmhaysmh oGm;apygw,f/ oufBuD;&G,ftdk awG&JU

0rf;[m tpdk"mwfenf;NyD; 0rf;tajcmufawGjzpfwwfygw,f/ tJ'g[m OD;aESmufaoG;aMumtwGuf tEÅ&m,f&dS ygw,f/

16


0rf; ykHrSefoGm;wm tvGefaumif;ygw,f/

(Ready Made toifhxkyfxm;aom tcsKdawG? EdkYrIefYawG a&mxm;aom auGumtkyf r[kwfyg/ txkyfBuD;jzpfNyD; tcsKd?

tief? EdkY ponf t&omawG rygao;aom txkyfBuD; xJu auGumtkyfrsKd;jzpfygonf .../ jrefrmjyefol)

NyD;awmh ]]rJ (rnf;)}} qdkwJh trJa&mif <uufem;½GufrId[m xl;xl;jcm;jcm; aumif;rGefygw,f/ wpfaeYudk

2usyfom;u 7usyfom;cefYtxd? [if;csKdcsufNyD; aomufaomuf? [if;csufpm;pm;? okwfpm;pm; &ygw,f/

<uufem;½GufrId[m aoG;yspfcRJrIvGefuJwmudk usJapygw,f/ OD;aESmufaoG;aMumydwfa&m*geJY ESvkH;a&m*gawGjzpfzdkY

cJ,Of;oGm;NyD/ ckacwfrSm vlBuD;awG trsm;tjym;[m ai;ai;idkifidkifeJY xkHwkHwkH? EkHtt jzpfwwfMuwm[m

ao;i,fvSwJh qHcsnfrQifaoG;aMum trsm;tjym; ydwfqdkYoGm;vdkY jzpf&wmyg/ aemufqkH; OD;aESmufu r&awmhbl;?

EkHtt jzpfvmNyD? rSwfÓmPfvnf; r&dSawmhbl;/ 'Dvdk jzpfwmawG[m aoG;yspfcRJrI vGefuJwmaMumifhyg/ tJ'Dvdk jzpf&if

<uufem;½GufrdI [m taumif;qkH;ygyJ .../ ( pm ? 24-44 )

9/ usef;rmapzdk Y oifhawmfwJh tm;upm;vkyfyg ...

aea&mifjcnf&,f? av&,f? a&&,f eJY tm;upm;awG[m touf&Sifa&;eJY usef;rma&;twGuf t&if;tjrpf

ygyJ/ vrf;avQmufjcif;[m urÇmrSm taumif;qkH;tm;upm;ygyJ/ vrf;avQmufjcif;[m aoG;vTwfaMum rmuspfwm

awGudk aysmhajymif;apEdkifw,f/ vrf;avQmufavhusifhcef;vkyf&if aoG;cJawG[m tvdkvdk jy,f?aysmufoGm;w,f/

NyD;awmh aoG;wdk;a&m*g? aoG;xJrSm udkvufpxa&m tqDrsm;wJha&m*g? t0vGefa&m*gawG twGufvnf;

aumif;ygw,f .../

vrf;avQmufjcif;tjyif tvGefaumif;wJh tm;upm;enf;uawmh ]]xdkufuDscRrf}} (aysmhaysmif;aES;auG;aom

usef;rma&; odkif;ynm) yJjzpfygw,f/ (AE¨Kvyef;jcHxJwGif eHeufwdkif; ]]xdkufusDcRrf}} upm;aeMuonfudk awGUjrifEdkif

ygonf/ jrefrmjyefol) (pm? 48-54)

10/ usef;rmapzdk Y aq;vdyfjzwf? t&ufavQmhyg ...

aq;vdyf 1q ydkaomuf&if tEÅ&m,fu 4q ydkwdk;w,f/ aq;vdyf 5vdyf xufydkaomuf&if tEÅ&m,f[m

ododomom ydkwdk;vmygvdrfhr,f/ t&ufenf;enf;aomuf&if udpör&dSbl;/ rsm;vdkYawmh rjzpfbl;/ (pm? 55)

11/ usef;rmapzdk Y pdwfaeoabmxm;rQwyg ...

'Dtcsuf[m ta&;tBuD;qkH;ygyJ/ tjcm;tcsufawGudk rrSwfbJaevdkY &Edkifygw,f/ 'D ]]pdwfaeoabmxm;

rQwjcif;}} qdkwJh 'Dtcsufwpfcsufudk owdjyKrdae&if usef;rma&;a&Taomhudk qkyfukdkifrdygNyD/ ayusif;rSm usef;usef;

rmrm&dSwJh touf&mausmf bdk;bGm; tajrmuftrsm;udk ppfwrf;xkwfMunfhzl;ygw,f/ 'Dusef;rma&;aumif;wJh bdk;bGm;

awG[m awmfawmf xl;qef;ygw,f/

wpfcsKdUu apmapmtdyf? apmapmxvdkY usef;rmw,f/ wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh nOfheufrS tdyf? aejrifhrS xvdkY

usef;rmw,f/ wpfcsKdUu tom;BudKufw,f/ tqDrS pm;w,f/ wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh bmtom;rS rpm;vdkY usef;rmw,f/

wpfcsKdUu aq;vdyfraomufvkdY usef;rmw,f/ wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh aq;vdyfaomufwmygyJ/ wpfcsKdUu vufzuf&nf

raomufvdkY? wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh aomufwmygyJ/

tJ'Dvdk trsKd;rsKd; ajzMuayr,fh tcsuf (2)csufrSmawmh bdk;bGm;awG wlnDMuw,f/ wpftcsuf ... usef;rmwJh

bdk;bGm;wdkif;[m oabmxm;BuD;Muw,f/ vdkufvdkufavsmavsm &dSw,f/ pdwfrmef cufxefwm? o0efwdk?

o0efaMumifwm uwfoD;uwfzJhvkyfwm vkH;0r&dSbl;/ ESpftcsufu usef;rmwJhbdk;bGm;awG wpfa,mufwpfavrS

tysif;BuD;wmr&dSbl;/ tvkyf vkyf&ifvkyf? rvkyf&if usef;rma&; avhusifhcef; vkyfwmygyJ/

aoG;vTwfaMumawG[m wpfrk[kwfcsif; rmuspfvmwm r[kwfbl;/ aoG;vTwfaMum[m 4-5-6ESpf ... 10ESpf

... tESpf20 MumrS rmuspfNyD; ydwfqdkUoGm;wmyg/ 'gayr,fh pdwfqdk;r,f? a'goxGufr,f? ylyifaomu pdk;&drf pdwfawG

vGefr,fqdk&ifawmh aoG;aMumawG[m wpfrdepftwGif; &mEIef;jynfh usOf;ydwfoGm;NyD; csufcsif; aooGm; Edkifygw,f/

'gaMumifhrdkY pdwfoabmxm; rrQwwm[m 'Davmufxdudk jyif;xefqdk;&Gm;oGm;Edkifygw,f/

17


wpfcsKdUvlawG a&m*g&vG,fw,f/ wpfcsKdUusjyefawmh tvG,fwul a&m*g rjzpfbl;/ 'g[m pdwftajctaeeJY

tawmfhudk ywfoufaeygw,f/ ol[m udk,fhpum; em;raxmif&if aeygapaygh/ b0u olUudk oifcef;pmay; qkH;r

vdrfhr,f/ olUacgif;eJY tkwfeH&HeJY wdk;rd&if olUtvdkvdk pum;em;axmifvmvdrfhr,f/ oleJY cdkuf&efa'go xGufaezdkY rvdkbl;

.../ (pm? 56-62)

12/ pdwfom t"du? aq;0g;u 'kwd, ...

rdrdudk,fukd rSefrSefuefuef oabmxm;yg/ olwpfyg;udk rSefrSefuefuef oabmxm;yg/ avmuBuD;udk

rSefrSefuefuef oabmxm;yg/ avmuBuD;udk aus;Zl;wifwwfygap/ avmuBuD;udk taumif;jrifwwfygap .../ (pm?

71-75)

13/ pdwfcsrf;om r*Fvm (8)yg;aq; ...

(1) arwåm? u½kPmpdwf ...

(2) pdwfaumif;apwem ...

(3) rSefuefwJh pdwfxm; ...

(4) onf;cH oufñSmpdwf ...

(5) rdbudk ½dkaopdwf ...

(6) ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfpdwf ...

(7) avmuudk tusKd;jyKvdkpdwf ...

(8) aus;Zl;wkHYjyefjcif;udk rarQmfvifhwJhpdwf .../ (pm? 79 - 81)

14/ tzdk;wefaom 'óepmpkrsm; ...

à vltrsm;pk[m ... a&m*gaMumifhao&wmr[kwfbJ ...

rodrIaMumifh ao&wm jzpfygw,f ... (pm? 5)

à usef;rmjcif;&JUa&SUarSmufrSm vlwkdif; wef;wl&nfwlygyJ ...

pnf;urf;azmufzsufwJhol 'ku©a&mufrSmyJ ...

vdkufemwJhol usef;usef;rmrm ae&rSmyJ ... (pm? 31)

à 0ç csif&if ... xrif;pm;NyD;rS [if;csKdaomuf ...

ydefcsif&if ... [if;csKdaomufNyD;rS xrif;pm; .../ (pm? 34)

à q,fykHteuf ...ckESpfykH? &SpfykHrQeJY 0½kHpm; .../ (pm? 37)

à tiwf'PfeJY tat;'Pf ... okH;ykHcH .../ (pm? 39)

à urÇmay:rSm taumif;qkH; tm;upm;enf;[m ...

]]vrf;avQmufjcif;}} ygyJ .../ (pm? 39)

à oif ... usef;rmvdkygovm;? ajy;yg .../

oif ... ÓmPfxufjrufvdkygovm;? ajy;yg .../

oif ... vSyacsmarmvdkygovm;? ajy;yg .../

ajy;jcif;onf ... vludk usef;rmaponf .../

vludk ao;oG,faponf .../ (pm? 48)

à obm0avmuBuD;[m tvGefYudk qef;Mu,fygw,f .../

tjyeftvSef NydKifqdkif&if;eJYyJ ...

toD;oD; wdk;wwfvmMuwmyg .../ (pm? 53)

à pdwfoabmxm; rQwjcif;onf ...

usef;rmjcif; twGuf ]]a&Taomh}} .../ (pm? 56)

18


à ol ... pum;em;raxmif&if aeygap ...

b0u olUudk oifcef;pmay; qkH;rvdrfhr,f ...

olUacgif;eJY tkwfeH&H wkd;rd&if ...

ol ... tvdkvdk pum;em;axmifvmvdrfhr,f ...

'gaMumifh ... olUtay: cdkuf&efa'goxGufzdkY rvdkbl; .../ (pm? 62)

à wpfcsKdUvlawG ... a&m*g&vG,fw,f ...

wpfcsKdUusawmh ... a&m*gtvG,fwulrjzpfbl; ...

'g[m ... pdwftajctaeeJY odyfudk ywfowfaeygw,f .../ (pm? 63)

à acsmfvJ&if ... jyefxEdkifvdrfhr,f ...

pdwf"mwf acsmufcsm;NydKysufoGm;&if jyefrxEdkifawmhbl; .../ (pm? 65)

à ]]edrdwfjy}} ajymqdkrI&JU

tusKd;oufa&mufrI[m ...

tvGefYudk BuD;rm;w,f .../ (pm? 68)

à pdwfomvQif t"du...

]]aq;}} u ... 'kwd, .../ (pm? 71)

à b0[m rSefwpfcsyfvdkygyJ ...

oifNyHK;&if ... olNyHK;r,f ...

oifidk&if ... olidkr,f .../ (pm? 76)

à ESpfq,fhwpf&mpkrSm ...

usef;rma&;[m ]]&wem}} .../ (pm? 79)

à taumif;qkH;q&m0ef[m ... rdrdudk,fwdkif .../

taumif;qkH;tm;upm;[m ... vrf;avQmufjcif; .../

taumif;qkH;aq;[m ... tcsdef .../

taumif;qkH;pdwfaepdwfxm;[m ... wnfNidrfrI .../ (pm? aemufausmzkH;)

à twdwfudkarhypf ... vuf&dStajctaeudkvspfvsL½I ...

,ckaysmfatmifae ... tem*wfudkvQrf;arQmf .../ (pm? 73)

15/ uAsm Oayu©m ...

à tcspftrkef; ... NyHK;&,fidka<u;

tav;rxm; ... yef;rsm;yGifha<u

tysif;ajyMunfh ... &dSvnf;&dSap

rGJvnf;rGJap ... rrIavNyD

pdrfajyeajy ... wdrfawGa&GUvsm;

½Ipm;aysmf&Tifaernfom .../ (pm? 83)

à b0 c&D;Murf; ... avBuD;vIdif;xef

avmu"Hwufus ... udpörsm;ajrmif

atmifjrifqkH;½IH; ... aMuuGJap? NyHK;aysmfap

ESvkH;rysufonfom ...

tdyfrufyrm ... ysufjy,foGm;ap .../ (pm? 84)

o Q o Q o

19


20


(4) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (2)

armifarmifvdIif (tyfpd kufuk)

yxrtBudrf? 2004? Ed k0ifbm/ wefzd k; 450usyf/ Perfect pmay .../

1/ urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJ UcsKyfaqmifyk'f ...

ukvor*¾vufatmufcH urÇmhusef;rma&;tzGJUcsKyf&JUaqmifyk'fuawmh ... ]]rodvdkY ao&wm ... vkH;0

rjzpfapeJY ...}}/ (pm? 40)

(wu,fawmh ... avmuBuD;rSm toufBuD;vdkY aowJhvlursm;&rSm? tckawmh ... rodvdkY ... usef;rma&;udk

b,fvdkapmifha&Smuf&r,fqdkwm rodvdkY ... toufrBuD;ao;bJ i,fi,f&G,f&G,feJY ... aowJhvlu ... rsm;aeygw,f/

'gaMumifh ... ]]rodvdkY ao&wm vkH;0 rjzpfygapeJY ...}}/)

2/ usef;rma&;twGuf aomufp&mt&nf (6)rsK d; ...

EdkifiHwumnDvmcHBuD;u owfrSwfvdkufwJh usef;rma&;udk umuG,fapmifha&SmufwJh ... aomufp&m

t&nfajcmufrsKd;uawmh ...

(1) (tpdrf;a&mif) vufzuf&nfMurf; ...

(2) (teDa&mif) pyspf0dkif ...

(3) yJEdkY ... (4) 'defcsOf (EGm;EdkYvdkY razmfjywm owdjyKyg) ...

(5) t½dk;jyKwf[if;csKd ...

(6) rId[if;csKd ... (pm? 8)

3/ ESvkH;tckef&yfapjcif; taMumif;&if; ...

BuD;vGef;wJh? rmvGef;wJh? ap;vGef;wJh? ylvGef;wJh tpm;tpmawG[m ESvkH;tckef &yfoGm;apEdkifygw,f/ NyD;awmh

aoG;xJrSm tqD"mwf (udkvufpxa&m) rsm;vGef;&ifvnf; ESvkH;tckef&yfoGm;apEkdifygw,f .../ (pm? 15)

4/ vlü&d Saom tjrif h (3)yg; ...

(1) aoG;wkd;EIef;jrifhw,f ...

(2) aoG;xJrSm tqD"mwf (udkvufpxa&m) jrifhw,f ...

(3) aoG;xJrSm tcsKd"mwf jrifhw,f .../ (pm? 22)

5/ yef;*sK HrSm&d Saom tcs (3)yg; ...

(1) aoG;wkd;EIef;udkcsw,f ...

(2) aoG;wGif;tqD"mwf (udkvufpxa&m) udkcsw,f ...

(3) aoG;wGif;tcsKd"mwfudkcsw,f .../ (pm? 22)

6/ yef;*sK Hpm;wJhvlrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g ...

yef;*sKHpm;wJhvl[m tpmvrf;aMumif;uifqm? ptdk>yefuifqm? tlrBuD;uifqmawG rjzpfEkdifbl;/ txdkifrsm;wJh

½kH;0efxrf;awGjzpfwwfwJha&m*g&JU 20% [m ... ptdk>yefuifqmeJY? tlrBuD;uifqmwdkYjzpfw,f .../ (pm? 23)

7/ ajratmufOawGrSm&d Saom pkyf,ljcif; (3)yg; ...

(1) a&"mwfudk pkyf,lw,f ...

(2) tqD"mwfudk pkyf,lw,f ...

21


(3) tqdyf"mwfudk pkyf,lw,f ...

ajratmufOawGuawmh ... uefpGef;OtjzL? uefpGef;OteD? arsmufO? tmvl;? ydef;O .../ (pm? 23)

8/ ajratmufOpm;wJhvlrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g ...

a&"mwfudk pkyf,lwJhtwGuf tlvrf;aMumif;udk acsmrGwfapw,f/ tlrBuD;uifqm? ptdk>yefuifqmawG

rjzpfawmhbll;/ tqD"mwfeJY tcsKd"mwfudk pkyf,lwJhtwGuf qD;csLda&m*g rjzpfawmhbl;/ tqdyf"mwfudk pkyf,lwJh twGuf

tpmtdrfeJY tlwpfavQmuf a&mif&rf;wm? temaygufwm rjzpfawmhbl; .../ (pm? 23)

9/ auGumtkwfaMumifh tqDeJ Y aoG;wkd;us ...

tkwf ... (Oat) vdkYac:wJh jrif;pm;*sKH .../ aoG;wkd;a&m*g&dSw,fqdk&if tJ'D auGumtkwfudk pm;udkpm;&r,f/ tJ'D

auGumtkwfu ... aoG;awG? tqDawGudk usapw,f/ aoG;wkd;EIef; usapw,f .../

rSwfcsuf .../ tqifoifhjyifqifxm;aom ,ckxkwfvkyfa&mif;csaeMuonfh wpfcgaomuf auGumtkwf

txkyf vkH;0 r[kwfyg/ rnfodkYrQtcsKd? tief rjyKjyif&ao;onfh auGumtkwfrsm;udkom qdkvdkygonf .../ (pm? 24)

10/ yJEd k Yu umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

EGm;EdkYrSm uifqmumuG,fwJh "mwfawGrygbl;/ yJEdkYxJrSm uifqmumuG,fwJh "mwf (5)rsKd; ygw,f/ tJ'DxJrSm

xl;jcm;rIu uDwkH; "mwfwpfrsKd;yg0ifrIyJ/ tJ'D"mwfu EdkYtkHuifqm? ptdk>yefuifqm? tlrBuD;uifqmawGudk umuG,f

Edkifw,f/ aysmufuif;apEdkifw,f .../ (pm? 30)

11/ rkefvmOeDu umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

rsufpdudk tusKd;jyKw,f/ rkefvmOeDudk a&&Snfpm;&if tvG,fwultat;rdjcif; rjzpfEdkifbl;/ qHyifudk

oefrmapw,f/ ta&jym;udk vSyapw,f/ uifqmumuG,f&mrSm tenf;tusOf; taxmuftuljyKw,f/ rkefvmO

eDudk b,favmuftylay;ay; olU&JU tm[m&owådawG rxdcdkufbl; .../ (pm? 31)

12/ a&Tz½k HoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

a&Tz½kHoD; tNrJpm;wJhvl[m qD;csKda&m*g rjzpfEdkifbl; .../ (pm? 32)

13/ Muuf[if;cg;oD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

Muuf[if;cg;oD; tNrJpm;wJhvl[mvnf; qD;csKda&m*g rjzpfEdkifbl; .../ (pm? 32)

14/ c&rf;csOfoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

om;tdrfuifqm rjzpfbl;/ om;Otdrfuifqm rjzpfbl;/ yefu&d,uifqm rjzpfbl;/ qD;tdrfuifqm rjzpfbl;/

qD;usdwfuifqm rjzpfbl;/ 'gayr,fh ... t&rf;pm;vdkYawmhr&bl; .../

a&pifatmifaq;NyD; (tylray;bJeJY) 'Dtwkdif;pm;vdkYr&bl;/ c&rf;csOfoD;rSmygwJh c&rf;csOfoD;"mwfqdkwm

awmfawmfeJY xGufrvmEdkifbl;/ wpfpkHwpfckaom twkdif;twmtxd tylay;rS xGufvmEdkifw,f/ c&rf;csOfoD;eJY

MuufOarTaMumfwm/ c&rf;csOfoD; MuufO [if;csKd odyfaumif;ygw,f .../ (pm? 32)

15/ MuufoGefjzLu umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

MuufoGefjzL[m uifqmumuG,fwJh bk&ifwpfyg;ygyJ/ 'gayr,hf MuufoGefjzLudk tylay;vdkuf&if ([if;xJ

xnfhcsufpm;&if) bmrSr&awmhbl;/ 'Dawmh MuufoGefjzLpm;&if; uifqmjzpfawmhwmyJ/ bmjzpfvdkYvJ ... pm;enf;

r[kwfvdkY .../

yg;yg;vDS;xm;wJh MuufoGefjzLudk (15)rdepfcefY avovyfcH&w,f/ 'DawmhrS atmufpD*sif"mwfeJY aygif;pyf

22


"mwfjyKNyD; olUtpGrf;owådawG ay:xGufvmw,f/ MuufoGefjzL"mwfxGufvmrS uifqmumuG,fEkdifw,f/ MuufoGefjzL

teYHjyif;wm rpdk;&drfygeJY/ ajryJav; 0g;vdkuf&if? 'grSr[kwf a&aEG;Murf;av; aomufvdkuf&if teHY aysmufoGm;wmygyJ

.../ (pm? 33)

16/ tufpy&if (Aspirin) awG ... raomufMuygeJ Yawmh ...

ESvkH;aoG;aMumydwfaoqkH;wmudk ukvdkYr&ayr,fh umuG,fvdkYawmh&w,f/ q&m0efBuD;awGu olUvlemudk

tufpy&ifpm;apw,f/ aoG;ryspfatmifvdkY? ESvHk;aoG;aMumydwfroGm;atmifvdkY/ 'gayr,fh tufpy&ifaomufwJhvl awG

aemufydkif;rSm rsufpdatmufzufu aoG;,dkqif;rIawG&dSvmw,f/ awmfawmfrsm;rsm; jzpfvmMuw,f/ uRefawmf

ajymyg&ap ... tufpy&if (Aspirin) awG ... raomufMuygeJYawmh .../ (pm? 35)

17/ <uufem;½Gufrd Iu umuG,fwJha&m*g ...

<uufem;½GufrdIu aoG;udk ryspfcRJapawmhbl;/ (pm? 35)

<uufem;½GufrdIpm;NyD;&if aoG;awGjyefusJoGm;r,f/ OD;aESmufaoG;aMumydwfa&m*g jzpfzdkY cJ,Of;oGm;NyD/ ckacwf

rSm vlBuD;awG awmfawmfrsm;rsm;[m ai;ai;idkifidkifeJY xkHwkHwkH? EkHttjzpfwwfMuygw,f/ 'g[m ao;i,fvSwJh

qHcsnfrQifaoG;aMumawG wjznf;jznf;ydwfqdkYvmwmjzpfygw,f/ aemufqHk;awmh OD;aESmufur&awmhbl;/ EkHtt

jzpfvmNyD/ rSwfÓmPfvnf; r&dSawmhbl;/ 'DvdktajctaersKd;[m rsm;aomtm;jzifh aoG;yspfcRJvGefuJwmaMumifh jzpf&

wmygyJ .../ (pmtkyf (1) rS pm? 44)

18/ aoG;yspfcR JwwfwJh vlwef;pm; ...

t&yfykw,f? wkwfcdkifw,f? 0w,f? txl;ojzifh aoG;qkH;NyD;wJhtrsKd;orD;rsm;? aemufNyD; AB aoG;trsKd;tpm;

&dSwJhvl? tJ'Dtcsuftvufrsm;[m aoG;yspfcRJwJh vlpm;rsKd;awGygyJ/ aemufNyD; vnfyif;*kwfydk;wkdav aoG;yspfcRJavyJ/

t&ufjzL aomuf&ifvnf; aoG;udk yspfcRJapygw,f/ aomufr,fqdk&if teDa&mif0dkifudk aomufyg/ 'gayr,fh

100pDpDxuf rydkapeJYaemf .../ (pm? 35)

19/ pdrf;jyma&nd§ (Spirulina) u umuG,fay;wJha&m*g ...

pdrf;jyma&ñdS[m tcktcg urÇmausmfoGm;ygNyD/ tm[m&rjynfhpkHbl; qdk&if olUudk rarhygeJY/ ol[m tpm;

taomufawGudkvnf; xdef;ñdSoGm;ygw,f/ ol[m ESvHk;eJY OD;aESmufaoG;aMuma&m*grsm;eJY ywfoufvdkY aoG;wdk;udk

usapw,f/ aoG;wGif;tqDawG usapw,f .../

qD;csKda&m*gjzpf&if y½dkwif;csKdUwJhw,f/ ADwmrifcsKdUwJhw,f/ uk&cufw,f/ 'geJY ywfoufvdkY pdrf;jyma&ñdS [m

ADwmrifawG jznfhpGufay;w,f/ ta&;tBuD;qHk;aumif;uGufuawmh pdrf;jyma&ñdS[m qD;csKda&m*g&Sifudk aemuf

qufwGJ jzpfwwfwJh a&m*gawG rjzpfapbl;/ omrefvlawG pm;aomufovdk pm;aomufEdkifw,f .../

pdrf;jyma&ñdSudk oHk;pGJoGm;r,fqdk&if wjznf;jznf; qD;csKdaq;udk &yfvdkufNyD; pdrf;jyma&ñdSaq;yJ qufvuf

oHk;pGJoGm;vdkY&w,f/ tpm;taomufeJYyJ xdef;oGm;vkdY&NyD/ Oa&mywdkufrSm qD;csKda&m*gudk vkH;0Edkifatmif wdkufEdkifcJhNyD/

NyD;awmh tpmtdrfa&mifem? tpmtdrfjynfwnfemeJY ywfoufvdkY pdrf;jyma&ñdSrSm ½Gufpdrf;"mwfypönf; yg0if

awmh tpmtdrf&JU usdcRJajr§;udk jyefvnfpGrf;aqmifapEdkifw,f/ aemufNyD; tonf;a&m*geJY ywfoufvdkY pdrf;jyma&ñdS [m

a&m*gydk;udk xyfryGm;apawmhbl;/ NyD;awmh pdrf;jyma&ñdS[m "mwfa&mifjcnf (Radiation) udkvnf; umuG,fay;w,f

.../

uGefysLwma&SUrSm tvkyfvkyfMuwJh udk,f0efaqmifawG udk,f0efysufusw,f/ wpfcsKdU arG;vmwJhuav;[m

zm;uav;vdk jzpfaew,f/ wpfcsKdUqdk tNrD;ygwJhuav;awmif &dSowJh/ "mwfa&mifjcnf[m vlawGudk awmfawmf

'ku©ay;w,f/ acwfay:jzpfwJh Microwave Oven ac:wJh tEkvQyfvdIif;rD;zdk[m tEÅ&m,fBuD;rm;w,f/

"mwfa&mifjcnf[m 7rDwm twGif;rSm udk,fay:udk usa&mufw,f .../

23


reuf (9)em&DausmfrS npfnrf;wJhavxk[m atmufudkusqif;epfjr§KyfoGm;w,f/ avxJrSm npfnrf;wJh

t&mawG avsmhenf;oGm;w,f/ owdxm;yg/ reuftdyf&mx jywif;aygufzGifhNyD; touf00 &SLwm rvkyfygeJY/

uifqmjzpfapEdkifwJh t&mawG tqkwftwGif; wpfjyHKBuD;0ifoGm;Edkifw,f/ tqkwfuifqm jzpfEkdifw,f/ EdkifiHwum

nDvmcHu owday;xm;wm&dSygw,f/ reuf (6)em&DrS reuf (9)em&DtwGif; tcsdef[m uifqmjzpfEdkifwJh tEÅ&m,f

t&dSqkH;tcsdefjzpfw,f qdkwJh tcsufyJ .../ (pm? 43-50)

20/ &,farmjcif;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI ...

]]wpfcg&,f ... q,fESpfi,f}} wJh/ touft&G,f i,foGm;wmudk qkdvkdkwmr[kwfygbl;/ pdwf"mwfysKd&G,f

oGm;wmudk qdkvdkwmyg/ tNrJjyHK;&,faeyg/ tNrJusef;rmaerSmyg/ &,farmjcif;&JU tusKd;oufa&mufrIu tvGefBuD;rm;

ygw,f/ bmjzpfvdkY r&,fMuwmvJ .../

&,farmvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh acgif;wpfjcrf;udkufwm rjzpfawmhbl;/ aemufausmwufwm rjzpfawmhbl;/

bmjzpfvdkYvJqdkawmh &,fvdkufwJh tcsdeftwGif;rSm aoG;avawG jynfhNzdK;yGifhukefvdkY/ yGifh&if rembl;? ryGifh&if emw,f/

&,farmjcif;[m OD;aESmufwGif;emusOfrIudk xkHarhoGm;apwJh ]]arhxkHaq;}} wpfrsKd; aygufzGm;ay;w,f/

tqpftjrpfudkufcJ&if tqpfudk zdESdyfNyD; tm;&yg;& &,fvdkufyg/ cPMum&if emwmawG aysmufoGm;wm awGU&yg

vdrfhr,f/ &,farmwm[m tJ'Davmufudk tusKd;&dSygw,f .../

bmjzpfvdkY r&,fMuao;wmvJ ...¿ (pm? 57-59)

o Q o Q o

24


(5) jrefrmhaq;NrD;wkdrsm;

ae0if; (vef'ef)

yxrtBudrf? 1999? ZEé0g&D/ wefzk d; 200usyf/ pmayavmu .../

1/ <uufEk d Yaysmufaq;enf;ESif h cHwufacguf ...

csOfzwfxnfhpm;avh&Sdaom cHwufacgufukd cGmyg/ ¤if;cGmí&aom cHwufacgufrS twGif;om;EkEkukd

"m;yg;yg;jzifh oifhawmf½kHt&G,fcGmyg/ ¤if;cGmí&aom cHwufvTmukd <uufEkdYay:wifNyD;uGGmrusap&ef ... yvwfpwmjzifh

ckESpf&ufcefY tkyfxm;yg/ <uufEkdYrsm; t&mrusef&pfbJ vkH;0aysmufuif;oGm;rnf .../ (pm? 4)

2/ acgif;ukduf? ZufaMumwuf? rsuf½k d;ukk dufaysmufaq;enf; ...

acgif;ukdufvQif em;xifESpfbufukd uGrf;½Gufuyfyg/ ZufaMumwufvQif ZufaMumae&mukd vkHatmifuyfyg/

rsuf½kd;ukdufvQif rsuf½kd;ESifheD;aom rsufckH;wpf0kdufESifh rsufvkH;teD;wpf0dkufudk uyfyg/ uGrf;½Gufukd uyfvkdonfh

ykHpHñSyfNyD; oGm;cRefjzifh tomt,mzdukdufvkdufygu t&nfuav;rsm;pkdYvmvdrfhrnf/ xkdtcgrS vkdtyfonfh ae&mwGif

NrJNrHpGmuyfaevdrfhrnf/ (pm? 53)

3/ acgif;rl;aysmufaq;ESif h ysm;&nf? oHyk&m&nf ...

1. ysm;&nfppfppf a<uZGef; 1.ZGef;

2. a&aEG;ylyl / 1.ZGef;

3. oHyk&m&nf vufzuf&nfZGef; 1.ZGef;

¤if;okH;rsKd;ukd arTwkdufyg/ acgif;tvGefrl;í roufomolrsm; wpfaeYESpfBudrf? okH;Budrfwkdufygu oufom

aysmufuif;ygvdrfhrnf/ aoG;wkd;aMumifhjzpfap ... avaMumifjzpfaprl;vQifvnf; ... þaq;enf;twkdif; wkdufyg/

tkef;EkdYacgufqGJpm;NyD; acgif;&dyfwdwfwdwfjzpfaeí aq;enf;twkdif;wkduf&m oufomoGm;ygonf .../ (pm? 7)

4/ csK dif;eH Yaysmufaq;ESif h xkH;a&Munf ...

csdKif;eHYonf ... csKdif;wGif&Sdaom Apocrine gland tBudwfi,fuav;rsm;rS eHaomtqDxGufjcif;aMumifh

jzpfygonf/ ¤if;tqDukefoGm;&ef a&rSefrSefcsKd;NyD; avQmfzGwfNyD;om; t0wfukd aeYpOfvJay;yg/ a&csKd;onfhtcg csKdif;ukd

qyfjymwkdufNyD; aoaocsmcsmaq;aMumokwfoifyg/ rsufemokwfyk0gESifh pifatmifokwfNyD;vQif ... xkH;&nfMunfukd

csKdif;rSmokwfvdrf;yg/ xkH;&nfMunfqkdonfrSm ... xkH;ukd cGufwpfckxJwGifxnfhNyD; a&aEG;avmif;xnfhí &aom

tay:t&nfMunfjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 8)

5/ acsmif;qkd;yef;emESif h rJZvD½Guf (ayG;ukdif;½Guf)? t&uf ...

ayG;owfonfhrJZvD½GufBuD;rsm;ukd qm;jzifh tenf;i,fyGwfí t&nfn§pf,lyg/ ¤if;t&nfESifh qwl

t&ufa&myg/ ¤if;aq;&nfukd a<uyef;uefwGifxnfhí yGufaeaoma&aEG;ay:wGif aygavmarQmNyD; a&aEG;tkd;tzkH;

ydwfxm;yg/ aq;&nfylaEG;vm&if yef;uefukdxkwfyg/ ,if;aq;&nfukd ... [if;cwfZGef;jzifh tpmrpm;rD eHeufwpfZGef;?

ntdyf&m0ifwpfZGef; wpfaeYESpfBudrfokH;aqmifyg/ pJGuyfaeaom emwm&Snfacsmif;qkd;yef;em? tqkwfa&m*gtwGuf

(15)&ufcefY okH;aqmifcgrQjzifh tjrpfjywfaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 56)

6/ ajczrkd;a&mif&rf;jcif;ESif h ½Gufusyifayguf ...

½Gufusyifayguft½Gufukd cl;írD;uifyg/ t½GufcyfaEG;aEG;ukd ESrf;qDokwfí a&mifaeaomajczrkd;ay:

wGifuyfyg/ ½Gufao;? ½Guf0kdif;? ½GufBuD;oHk;rsKd;&Sdonfhteuf ½GufBuD;rSm ykdí pGrf;ygonf/ uyfonfhtcg yxrwpf&uf

ESifhyif aysmufoavmuf&Sdí ig;&ufcefYqufuyfaomtcg tm;vkH;aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 6)

25


7/ ajcz0g;tom;rm? uGJtuf? emusifjcif;ESif h qD ...

ajcuGJaomtemrsm;jzpfvQif ajcaxmufukd ESrf;qD? yJqD? tkef;qD? rkefnif;qD ... wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh ESHUatmif

vdrf;ay;yg/ uGJaeaomtuGJrsm;twGif; pdrfh0ifatmifvdrf;ay;yg? okH;&ufrQvdrf;rdvQif Murf;wrf;tufuGJaom ajcz0g;

rsm; wjznf;jznf;El;nHHhvmNyD; &ufqufvdrf;vQif aysmufuif;oGm;ygrnf .../

ajcz0g;uJGtufjcif;jzpfyGm;wwfaom &uf? vukdrSwfxm;NyD; ¤if;&ufrwkdifrD BudKwifvdrf;xm;ygu ...

xkdESpftwGuf ajcz0g;uJGawmhrnf r[kwfyg/ trsm;tm;jzifh aqmif;tukef aEGtul;wGif ajcz0g;uJGwwfygonf/

ajcaxmufukd qDvdrf;e,fjcif;onf ukd,fvufMuHhckdif\/ rsufpdMunfvif\/ tdyfí aysmf\/ yifyef;jcif;? ajcemjcif;?

ajca&mifjcif;wkdYukdEkkdif\/ (OwkabmZeo*F[usrf;) .../ (pm? 124)

(bk&m;&Sifvufxufawmf umvuwnf;u &Sdaomenf;/)

8/ iSufzsm;a&m*gaysmufaq;enf;? aq;cg;BuD; ...

aq;cg;BuD;wpfyifukd Ekwfí pifMu,fatmifaq;yg/ okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdyg/ qm; qD;jzLoD;cefYxnfhí

aomufNyD; avpdrf;rwkduf&ef ydwfjcifaxmifjzifh 10rdepf? 15rdepfcefY tdyfaysmfatmiftdyfyg/ tdyf&mrSEkd;vQif

odompGmoufomvmrnf/ okH;&ufqufwkdufaomufygu tjrpfjywfaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 9)

9/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESif h *k H;cg; ...

*kH;cg;ukd awmufawmufpOf;yg/ vufzuf&nfMurf;tkd;ü vufzufajcmufcwfouJhokdY *kH;cg;ukd a&aEG;rSm

cwfyg/ vufzuf&nfMurf;aomufouJokdY rMumcP aomufay;yg .../ (pm? 13)

10/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESif h uGrf;½Guf? 'eY fovGef½Guf?aq;½GufBuD; ...

uGrf;½Guf? 'efYovGef½Guf? uGrf;pm;aq;½GufBuD;? qm; ... ¤if;wkdYukd tm;vkH;a&mBudwfNyD; t&nfxGufvm

aomtcg rsufpOf;cwfyg/ aq;enf;twkdif; iSufzsm;wufaepOf rsufpOf;cwf&m ... 10rdepfcefY &Sdaomtcg tzsm;us

oGm;ygonf/ aemufxyfrzsm;awmhyg .../ (pm? 14)

11/ qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwfaysmufaq;? iSufaysm ...

iSufaysmcdkif? iSufaysmvufudk ckwfvkdufaomtcg usvmaom t&nfrsm;udk cGufoefYoefYjzifh cHxm;yg/ ¤if;

t&nfjzifh OD;a&jym;xdatmif acgif;tESHU vdrf;ay;yg/ okH;&ufjynfhrS ... acgif;avQmfyg/ rMumcP vkyfay;jcif;jzifh

qHjzLjcif;? uRwfjcif;? xdyfajymifjcif;rsm; oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 27)

12/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESif h oHrEd kif? ausmufrEk dif ...

ajrBuD;wGif &Syfaygufavh&dSaom oHrEdkif? ausmufrEdkif (ausmufuGJ½Guf) udk tjrpfyg? ygatmifEIwfyg/

ajrtdk;wGifxnfhí okH;cGufwpfcGufwif? usKdyg/ ¤if;jyKwf&nfudk cP? cPaomufay;jcif;jzifh ESpf&uftwGif; a&m*g

uif;pifygonf/ (pm? 15)

13/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESif h qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;? ysm;&nf ...

qD;jzLoD; (20)usyfom;udk El;atmifjyKwfí taphxkwfyg/ eEGif;rIefYppfppf (10)usyfom;? ysm;&nf (10)

usyfom;? okH;rsKd;oratmif a&marTNyD; wpfaeYvQif vufzuf&nfZGef;? wpfZGef;us pm;okH;yg/ (eEGif;aMumufolrsm;

ysm;&nfudk xdkYxuf ydkxnfhNyD; pm;okH;Ekdifyg\ .../ (pm? 17)

14/ qD;ausmufwnfa&m*gESif h xdu½Hk; ...

xdu½kH;yÍöig;yg;udk a&ESifhjyKwfNyD; a&aEG;uJhodkY ... aomufokH;rSD0Jyg .../ (pm? 18)

(qD;usdwfa&mifjzpfaevQif xdu½Hk;raomufygeJY/ om*'dk;? plvmezm (3)? pm? 76)

26


15/ qD;csK daysmufaq; ... uif;yk H½Guf ...

uif;ykH½GufowåK&nfudk a<uZGef;BuD;ESpfZGef;? wpfaeYokH;Budrf wkdufyg/ tifqlvifxkd;onfhwkdifatmif qD;csKdEIef;

avsmhusrIenf;yg;olrsm; aq;enf;twdkif; wkdufNyD; ppfaq;Munfhygu csufcsif; qD;csKdEIef; usoGm;onfudk

awGU&ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 28)

16/ wdkufzG d Kuf (tla&mifief;zsm;) a&m*gESif h yJ&mZm (ac:) yJeDav; ...

yJ&mZm (ac:) yJeDav; EdkYqDAl; av;ykH? okH;ykHcefYudk a&EdkYqDAl;wpfvkH;cGJcefYESifh jyKwfyg/ qlyGufvmvQif

rD;zkdacsmifokH;eEGif;rIefY [if;pm;ZGef;? wpfZGef;tjynfhxnfhyg/ yJqHrsm;yGí El;vmvQif tzwft&nftm;vkH;pm;yg/

wpfaeYwpfBudrf okH;&ufqufwkdufpm;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 30)

17/ ZufaMumwufa&m*gESif h a&SmufoD; ...

a&SmufoD;wpfvkH;udk tv,fwnfhwnfhcGJí t&nfrsm; n§pf,lyg/ ¤if;aemuf taph? tcGH? t&nf? okH;rsKd;vkH; udk

a<uu&m; (odkY) a<u&nfokwfZvkHxJ xnfhyg/ yGufyGufqlaeaom a&aEG;tjzL a<uu&m;wpfvkH;ESifh qm;oifh½kH

xnfhyg/ at;aomtcg eHeufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf tdyf&m0if oifh½kHaomufyg .../

wpfywftwGif; odompGm aysmufuif;ygonf/ t0vGefolrsm; tNrJaomufygu aemufaMum? ZufaMum

rwufjcif;? tarmcHEdkifjcif;? xdckduf&Semrsm; tusufjrefjcif;ESifh udk,fcE¨m ayghyg;oGufvufjcif;wdkY jzpfapygonf .../ (pm?

51)

18/ wif;wdyfESif h tkef;rIwfcG H ...

oefY&Sif;aomtkef;rIwfcGHudk oefY&Sif;onfh ausmufysOfwGif a&tpm; oHyk&m&nfjzifh aoG;yg/ rsufESmudk

pifMu,fpGmopfNyD; oeyfcg;vdrf;ouJhodkY vdrf;yg/ ta&mif0gvGef;ojzifh ntdyf&m0ifrS vdrf;yg/ pyfaomfvnf; wpfvcefY

vdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh vufawGU aysmufuif;Muygonf .../ (pm? 104)

19/ wif;wdyfESih f 'EÅokc ...

'EÅokct½Gufpdrf;&nfESifh (owåK&nfESifh) oeyfcg;&nfaoG;NyD;om; wpfusyfom;pDcefYudk pyfazsmfNyD;

ntdyf&m0ifwkdif; vdrf;ay;yg/ pdwf&SnfpGmvdrf;ay;ygu rMumcif aysmufuif;NyD; vSyvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 105)

20/ wkyfauG;aysmufaq;? uGrf;½GufESif htjcm; ...

vwfqwfaomuGrf;½GufBuD; ESpf½Guf? csif;tpkd ig;rl;aphcefY t&G,ftpm; txltyg;&dSaom tjym;0dkif; 1ck?

av;n§if;yGifh 1yGifh? xef;vsuf 2cJ a<u&nfokwfrwfcGufwGif ¤if;av;rsKd;ESifh a&EkdYqDAl;? wpfAl;cefY xnfhí

a&wpf0ufcefY crf;oGm;onftxd jyKwfyg/ ¤if;aq;&nfylyludk rIwfaomufygu acR;pdkYvmNyD; ayghyg;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../

(pm? 31)

21/ xdck duf? yGef;yJ h'Pf&mrsm;ESif h &cd kifiSufaysmoD; ...

vufudk pifatmifaq;í &cdkifiSufaysmoD;trSnfhudk tcGHETmNyD; a<uyef;uefjym;wGif xnfhe,fyg/ ¤if;aemuf

tem0ay:rSm tkHxnfhí t0wfoefYoefYESifh pnf;xm;yg/ iSufaysmoD;ajcmufvQif wpfzefxyftkHay;jcif;jzifh wpfywf

twGif; odompGmaysmufuif;NyD; tem&if;jcif;? temjynfw,fjcif; vkH;0rjzpfyg .../ (pm? 148)

22/ xdck duf&SemESif h uGrf;pm;xkH; ...

uGrf;pm;xkH;udk vufjzifhaumf,lí xdcdkufuGJ&SoGm;onfh 'Pf&may:wGif vkHvkHjcHKjcHKtkHay;NyD; ywfwD;

pnf;xm;yg/ xkH;tkHonfhMum;rS wpfcgwpfcgaoG;rsm; pdrfhxGufaeao;vQif xyfrHxGufrvmawmhonftxd xHk;udk

tBudrfBudrftkHay;yg/ 'Pf&mae&mudkawmh a&rxdatmif owdxm;yg/ xHk;tHkonfESifh csufcsif;oufomNyD;

27


&uftenf;i,ftwGif; tom;Ekwufum 'Pf&maysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 32)

23/ xdyfcwfemESif h r½d k;yif^ijzLBuD;yif ...

(1) jrefrmEkdifiH\ acsmif;urf;ab;? &xm;vrf;wpfavQmuf v,fuefoif;½dk;pyfwdkYü tavhusaygufaom ]]r½dk;}}

[laom tyif&dSonf/ yifpnf? tudkif;tcuf? t½Guf? tyGifhtm;vkH; aiGa&mifvkdjzLaeojzifh ]]ijzLBuD;}} [kvnf;

ac:Muonf/ xkdr½dk;yifrS t½Gufudk yg;yg;vSD;í tajcmufvSef;yg/ cyfaoGUaoGUjzpfvQif aq;vdyfuJhodkY vdyfaomufyg/

&SL½Idufvkdufaomtcg aq;aiGUudk ESmacgif;rS jznf;jznf;csif;xkwfyg/ a&m*gcHpm;ae&pOf rQpfcsOf? trJom;? ig;aowåm

ponfh wufpmrsm;udk a&Smifyg .../ (pm? 36)

(2) r½kd; ac: ijzLBuD;½Gufudk cl;NyD; tarG;rsm;yg vufjzifhyGwfacsNyD; ½Iay;yg/ ESmacgif;xJrS ykyfapmfeHa&m*g

pGJuyfojzifh q&m0efjy&m ESmacgif;udkazmufNyD; zef&nfaq;ay;ygonf/ aq;pm;aomfvnf; aysmufuif;rI r&Sdojzifh

þaq;enf;twdkif;vkyf&m ESmacsNyD; ESmacgif;xJrS t0gcJBuD; (4)cJ xGufusvmNyD;aemuf ESmacgif;tykyfeHYrSm vkH;0

aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf/ (pm? 38)

24/ 'lvm? rD;,yfa&m*gESif h ausmufz½k HoD;? xef;vsuf ...

ausmufz½kHoD;&ifh&ifh wpfvkH;udk tn§mywfvnfrS tcGHom;twGif;om; rysufap&ef "m;yg;yg;? cRefcRefjzifh

ESpfvufrcefY tcsif;jyK taygufazmufyg/ taphtdrftlrsm;udk 0g;acsmif;oefYoefYjzifh xdk;í aumfxkwfvQif twGif;om;ESihf

tacgif;om usefvdrfhrnf/ xef;zdkxef;vsuftrIefYjzpfap? tcJvkdufjzpfap twGif;wGif tjynfhtodyf xnfhNyD;

tn§mtzkH;udk jyefydwfyg/

&THUESifh t0wfuyfjcif;? ESpfxyfcefY aZmfrHNyD; vkHatmifydwfyg/ ¤if;aemufausmufz½kHoD;udk a'gifvdkuf

pyg;awmif;xJüjzpfap? aumuf½dk;ykHxJüjzpfap ckESpf&ufcefYxm;yg/ ausmufz½kHoD;udk prf;MunfhvQif tcGHom;

aysmhoGm;NyD; xef;vsufESifh ausmufz½kHoD;tom; "mwfjyKí uaZmfazmufaq; jzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

xdkaemuf ZvkHBuD;BuD; cHí ausmufz½kHoD;udk aoaooyfoyfcGJNyD; ZGef;ESifh tom;awGudk jcpfxkwfyg/ arTav

tjr§KyfwpDpDESifh t&nf&Trf;&Trf;aq;udk &ygonf/ aq;&nfudk wpf&uf? ESpf&ufcefY aevSrf;NyD; arTaESmufí avvkHaom

zefykvif;wGif xnfhxm;yg/ eHeufwpfZGef;? nwpfZGef; pm;ygu aoG;qkH;cgeD; trsKd;orD;rsm; ausmufz½kHoD;wpfvkH;jzifh

rD;,yfaoG;qkH;emudk umuG,fEdkifygonf/ (pm? 73)

þaq;enf;ESifh qifwlaom aq;enf;udk þpmtkyf\ pmrsufESm (151)wGif avhvmMunfhyg/

25/ 'lvm? rD;,yfESif h MuufoGefeD? xef;vsuf? refusnf;oD;rSnfh ...

MuufoGefeD 1usyfom;? xef;zdkxef;vsuf 1usyfom;? refusnf;oD;rSnfh 1usyfom;? qm; 5rl;om;?ESrf;qD

1rwfom;wdkYudk a&mawyg/ ZD;oD; (qD;oD;) vkH; r&dSw&dScefY aeYpOfpm;ay;yg/ tanmif;tnm? udk,fvufEHk;csd?

rsufpdrIeftaygif;? 'lvmaygif; &Spfaomif;av;axmifaysmufygonf/ touf (18)ESpf rSpírsufpda0'em cHvm&ojzifh

okH;pGJvmcJh&m touf (79)ESpftxd rsufrSefraqmif&bJ pma&;pmzwfEdkifonf/ tyfudkyif tyfcsnfxdk; Edkifygonf/ (pm?

75)

26/ 'l;acgif;ESih f tqpftjrpfudkufESif h wrmaphtajcmuf ...

wrm;aphtajcmuf (tcGHryg&yg) rsm;udk aMunufatmifxkaxmif;NyD; emusOf? udkufcJ? a&mif&rf;aeaom

'l;acgif;ESifh tqpftjrpfae&mrsm;udk cyfxlxltkHay;yg/ aq;rsm; uGmrusoGm;atmif ywfwD;pnf;ay;yg/ wpfaeY 2Mudrf

jyKvkyfay;yg/ txl;ojzifh ntdyf&m0ifwGifjyKvkyfygu ydkaumif;ygonf/ &ufrMumcif aysmufuif;csrf;omyg vdrfhrnf/

(pm? 39)

27/ em;yd k;aumif0ifESif h qm;&nfMunf ...

rD;zdkacsmifokH;qm;pdrf;udk refusnf;aphcefY yef;uefvkH;oefYoefYwGif a&oefYoefYjzifh azsmfyg/ qm;aMunufonf

28


txd vufacsmif;oefYoefYjzifh arTaESmufNyD;aemuf acwåpdrfNyD;&&dSonfh qm;&nfMunfudk ydk;aumif0ifaomem;xJodkY

jynfhatmifavmif;xnfhyg/ em;twGif;odkY yk½Gufqdwf ponfhydk;aumifrsm;0ifvQif qm;&nfMunfcyfygu ydk;aumif

qm;&nfMunfay:odkY wufvmNyD; puúefYydkif;twGif; aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 44)

28/ em;jynf,dkemESif h [if;*vm½Guf ...

[if;*vm½GufowåK&nfudk 0g*Grf;wGif qGwfí em;wGifodyfay;yg/ pyfygonf/ESpf&uf? okH;&uftwGif; temaz;

uGmusNyD; aysmufuif;csrf;omygonf/ (pm? 44)

29/ em;tl? em;avxGufESif h aMumifvQmoD;? aMumifvQm½Guf ...

aMumifvQmoD;? aMumifvQm½Gufudk rD;zkwfNyD; ig;yd&nfESifh wdkYpm;yg/ em;tl? em;udkuf? em;avxGuf? em;tkHem?

em;jynf,dkwdkYudk av;cgcefYpm;vQif aysmufygonf/ (pm? 43)

30/ aemufaMumwufjcif;ESif h &S def;cd k ? xef;vsuf ...

&Sdef;cdk refusnf;aphcefYudk a&ESifh usKdufcsyg/ ¤if;aemuf xef;vsufwpfvkH;pm;NyD; a&aomufyg/ eHeufwpfBudrf?

naewpfBudrfpm;yg/ rdrda&m*gtajctaeudk okH;oyfí aeYvnfwpfBudrf xyfpm;Ekdifygonf/ (pm? 51)

31/ ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;jcif;ESif h oHyk&moD; ...

vwfqwfaom oHyk&moD;wpfvkH;udk "m;oefYoefYjzifh uefYvefYydkif;jzwfyg/ rwfcGufwpfckwGif wpfjcrf;pDvSefí

xnfhyg/ a&aEG;usufusufql avmif;xnfhNyD;vQif csufcsif;tzkH;ESifh vkHatmif tkyfxm;yg/ at;aomtcg aomufokH;yg/

aysmufuif;onftxd twefMum qufvufaomufokH;ay;yg/ (pm? 45)

32/ ESmacgif;ydwfa&m*gESif h MuufoGefjzL ...

MuufoGefjzLrBuD;rao; (3)Oudk eHeuftdyf&mxwdkif;0g;í rsKdcsyg/ ESmacgif;ydwfa&m*gudk (25)ESpfausmf cHpm;cJh&m

nydkif;wGif ESpfBudrfru ESmacgif;aq;xnfhrS tdyf&ygonf/ ,cktcg ESmacgif;aq; rokH;&onfrSm (5)ESpfausmfygNyD/ (pm?

42)

33/ ESmacgif;aoG;,dkESif h oabmFoD;? oMum; ...

oabmFoD;rSnfhESifh oMum;a&mpyfNyD; ckESpf&ufcefYwpf0pm;yg/ aEG? rdk;? aqmif;okH;&moDvkH;

ESmacgif;aoG;,dka&m*grSm rkcsaysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 40)

34/ yef;em&ifusyf? azma&mifjcif;ESif h yJpif;ik H ...

yJpOf;ikHaphtvkH; (cGJjcrf;r[kwf) EdkYqDAl;wpfvkH; (odkY) wpf0ufudk a&jzifhEl;aeatmif jyKwfyg/ yJEl;vQif

jyKwf&nfudk yef;uefwpfvkH;jzifh iSJU,lxm;í jyKwfNyD;om; yJpOf;ikHudk MuufoGeftjzL? teD qDowfíaMumfyg/ ¤if;

yJpOf;ikHqDowfxJodkY yJjyKwf&nfESifh a&aEG;toifhtwifhavmif;xnfhyg/ cPMumvQif rD;zdkay:rScsí pm;okH;Edkifygonf/

wpfvcefYpm;vQif azma&mifjcif; tjrpfjywfaysmufuif;í okH;vcefYpm;vQif yef;em&ifusyfaysmufygonf/ (pm? 55)

35/ yef;em&ifusyfESif h a&Smuf? t&uf? ysm;&nf ...

a&Smuf&nf? t&ufOD;&nf? ysm;av;&nfwkdYudk qwla&mpyfyg/

ZGef;av;wpfZGef; wpfaeYESpfBudrfaomufyg/ (pm? 57)

36/ ayG;? ,m;emESih f ydEJ étap; ...

ayG;? ,m;emudk oefYpifyg/ ydEJétn§mrS xGufvmaom (EdkYESpfa&mif) tap;rsm;udk ydEJé½GuftacsmbufwGif

29


wdkY,lxm;yg/ ¤if;ydEJé½Gufjzifh ayG;? ,m;emtm; uyfvdkuf? cGmvdkufjzifh tBudrfBudrfjyKvkyfyg/ ydEJéap;ukefcrf;í uyfEdkifpGrf;

avsmhvmvQif aemuftopfwpf½Guf,lí uyfyg/ ydEJé½Gufay:wGif ,m;emrS temzwfuav;rsm; uyfygvmvdrfhrnf/

tBudrfBudrfvkyfjcif;jzifh ,m;emrS aoG;pkdYvmvQif &yfwHhyg/ ¤if;aemuf a&ESifhaq;aMumí oeyfcg;tkHxm;yg/ ESpf&uf?

okH;&ufcefYjyKvkyfvQif ,m;emaysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ (pm? 59)

37/ zaESmif h½d k;twufxGufjcif;ESif h qm;? uGrf;½Guf ...

nrtdyfcif a&csKd;cef;orHwvif;ay:wGif qm;ykHNyD; emonfhzaESmifhudk eif;ay;? yGwfay;/ q,frdepfcefY

eif;NyD;vQif 'l;acgif;tay:rS a& av;? ig;? q,fcGufavmif;ay;yg/ NyD;vQif ajcaxmufudk t0wfjzifhokwfyg/ NyD;u

emaeaomae&mwGif uGrf;½Gufudkpifatmifaq;NyD; uyfvkdufyg/ tdyfaysmfaomtcg uGrf;½GufuGmoGm;Edkifojzifh

ywfwD;pnf;xm;vQif ydkíaumif;onf/

eHeufEdk;vQif OD;qkH; 'l;acgif;tay:rS a& av;? ig;? q,fcGuf avmif;csyg/ ¤if;enf;jzifh oufomvm aomfvnf;

raysmufEdkifí zaemifhudkprf;Munfh&m twufxGufonfrSm okH;ae&mjzpfaMumif;awGU&í ae&mESHUatmifjyK vkyfay;&m

,ck vkH;0aumif;oGm;ygNyD/ (pm? 61)

aemufwpfenf;rSm oHjym;udk ylatmifrD;zkwfNyD;aemuf qm;ykHNyD; oHjym;ylqm;ykH tv,fwnfhwnfhay:odkY

zaemifhESifh omomeif;NyD;aemuf wjznf;jznf;zdeif;yg/ tyl&Sdef&Sdaeaom qm;ykHay:odkY twufxGufaeaom zaemifhudk

wifí zdwifvkduf? cGmvkdufjzifh eHeufESifh n ESpfBudrf (15)rdepfcefYpD jyKvkyfay;yg/ (pm? 62)

38/ rD;,yfjzLqif;jcif;ESif h zvHawmifa0S;yif ...

zvHawmifa0S;yifyÍöig;yg;udk yg;yg;vSD;NyD; aevSef;yg/ ajcmufaoGUvQif trIefYaxmif;yg/ zvHawmifa0S;rIefY

30om;udk oMum; 60om;ESifh,dkxkd;yg/ eHeuf? aeYvnf? n ... uGrf;oD;wpfjcrf;cefY rSefrSefpm;ygu rD;,yftjzLqif;

a&m*g 'd|aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 69)

39/ rD;,yfaoG;qkH;ESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf 50om;? xef;vsuf 50om;? refusnf;oD;rSnfh 25usyfom; ...¤if;okH;rsKd;udk t"du xm;í

csufyg/ tkef;oD;wpfvkH;xnfhusKdvQiftkef;wpfvkH;csufaq;jzpfrnf/ qD ig;rwfom;? prkHrsKd;ig;yg;? &SOfhrwufO 5usyfom;?

ESrf;avSmfEdkYqDAl; 1Al;? zD;Murf;iSufaysm 5vkH;xnfhNyD; usKdEkdifonf/ "mwfcsKyfvQif oabmFrJZvDt½Guf (odkY) tyGifh

tenf;i,fxnfh usKdEdkifonf/ wpfBudrfvQif [if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef; wpfaeY oHk;Budrfpm;ygu touf 40ausmf

trsKd;orD;rsm;wGif jzpfwwfaoma&m*grsm; aysmufuif;apygonf/ (pm? 71)

40/ rsufpdpGefaysmufenf;? ajcz0g;qm;yGwf ...

a&csKd;cgeD; ajcz0g;udk a&qGwfyg/ qm;ESifhESpfzufvkH;yGwfyg/ ESpfrdepfcefYxm;yg/ atmufajc ajcaxmufrSpí

a&avmif;&if; udk,ftxufykdif;udk wjznf;jznf;a& av;? ig;cGufavmifNyD;csKd;yg/ rMumcP rsufpdpGefwwfí

ukocHonfhtwdkif; Ointment aq;xnfhay;aomfvnf; wpfvkH;NyD;wpfvkH; xGufaeygonf/ aemufykdif;wGif ,ckenf;

twdkif;vkyf&m nmbufwGif ajcz0g;rS tckd;xGufvmonfrSm rD;cJESifxkd;xm;ouJhokdY ylí (ajcz0g;) udk ,yfcwfay;cJh

&zl;ygonf/ qm;yGwfjcif; wpfcgwnf;ESifhyif ,aeYxd ESpf (30)ausmfatmif rsufpdrpGefawmhyg/ (pm? 65)

41/ rsufpd,m;jcif;ESif h qm;Muyfxkyf ...

a&udk a&aEG;tkd;oefYoefYwGif qlatmifwnfyg/ a&aEG;tdk;tzkH;udk a&pifatmifaq;yg/ tdrfokH;qm; oefYoefYudk

ESpfa&G;om;cefY t0wfoefYoefYESifhxkwfNyD; a&aEG;tkd;tzkH;ay:wGif ylatmifuyfyg/ xdkYaemuf ESmacgif;teD;

rsufpdaxmifhudk uyfay;yg/ 10rdepf? 15rdepfMumatmifuyfNyD; rsufpd,m;jcif;aysmufvQif &yfyg/ jyef,m;vmvQif

txufygenf;twkdif; jyefvkyfyg/ (pm? 64)

30


42/ a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;ESif h oGm;wkdufaq; ...

cGufwpfvkH;xJ a&at;at;xnfhNyD; a&aEG;ylavmifonhfvufudk pdrfxm;yg/ 15rdepfwpfcgcefY a&at;

vJay;yg/ ESpfem&DcefYpdrfNyD;vQif a&ajcmufatmif (jznf;nif;pGm) okwfí oGm;wkdufaq; vl;ay;xm;yg/ eEGif;rxdrdap

&ef *½kpkdufyg/ (pm? 32)

43/ a&zsOf;a&m*g ...

(1) ajrZl (ac:) av;em&Dyef;onf teD? t0g? tjzL (3)a&mif&dSonf/ t½Guf0dkif;í yef;yGifhrSm avmfpyDumESifh

wpfax&mwnf;wlonf/ tyif\tjrpfwGif uefpGef;Ovkd OrsKd;&Sdonf/ ¤if;Oudk ,lí tcGHcGm? a&pifatmifaq;NyD; jymjzifh

wpfnodyfyg/ aemufaeYwGif jympifatmifaq;í OudkckwfxpfNyD; a& okH;ydómjzifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdyg/

&&SdaomjyKwf&nfudk tat;cHNyD; ajrtdk;xJxnfhyg/ a&qmonfhtcgwdkif; aeYpOfrjywf (17)&uf qufaomufyg/

tiefESifh tqDudkwpfva&SmifNyD; oHyk&m? a&Smuf? vdar®mf&nfrsm;udk aomufay;yg/ a&zsOf;ESifh azma&mifa&m*gaysmuf\/

(pm? 78)

(2) aemufwpfenf;rSm ...

(1) zGm;buf½Guf (ac:) ik0g½Guf ... 25 usyfom;

(2) oabmFrJZvD (ac:) ayG;udkif;½Guf ... 25 usyfom;

(3) ouf&if;BuD;½Guf ... 25 usyfom;

(4) refusnf;oD;rSnfh ... 25 usyfom;

(5) xef;vsufppfppf ... 25 usyfom;

zGm;buf½Guf? rJZvD½Guf? ouf&if;BuD;½GufwdkYudk aq;tcsdefrSefatmif 25usyfom;pD cl;aomtcg

aq;tcsdefrSefatmif reufcl;vQif wpfreufwnf;? naecl;vQif wpfnaewnf; tNyD;cl;&rnf/ xdkYaemuf

a&pifatmifaq; ajrtdk;xJxnfhNyD; a&okH;ydómESifh usKdyg/

okH;cGufwpfcGufwifusefvQif csí t&nfppfNyD; tat;cHyg/ pç usKdonfhtcsdefwGif xef;vsufESifh

refusnf;oD;udk a&epf½kH pdrfxm;yg/ okH;cGufwpfcGufwifcsí at;vQif xef;vsufESifh refusnf;oD;pdrfonfha&udk rppfbJ

xnfharTyg/

okH;&uftwGif; wwfEdkifoavmufaomufyg/ rJZvD½Gufonf tqdyfjzpfwwfojzifh okH;&ufausmfvQif oGefypfí

topfusKdaomufyg/ aq;aomufaepOf BPI qD;aq;udk ESpf&ufwpfBudrfxdk;yg/ okH;av;BudrfaomufvQif

a&m*gaysmufonf/ (pm? 80)

44/ a&,kefESif h csuft&uf ...

(1) 0g*Grf;udk csuft&ufjyif;jyif;xJodkY ESpfNyD; a&,keftemay: rMumcPvdrf;ay;yg/ eHeufykdif;pvdrf;vQif naeydkif;

ododomomtemajcmufNyD; oufomaysmufuif;oGm;ygrnf/ ESpf&ufcefY qufvdrf;vQif a&,keftemrsm;

aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ (pm? 82)

(2) aemufwpfenf;rSm ... uif;ykH½Gufudknufatmifaxmif;í a&,kefay:wGif vdrf;yg/ ausmwpfjyifvkH; aygufygu

uif;ykH½Guf? t½Guf (30)avmufudk nufatmifaxmif;NyD; OD;a&n§pf,lyg/ xdkYaemuf tzwfwGif usefaom t&nfudk

xyfn§pf,lí ESpfrsKd;pvkH;a&mNyD; ausmay:wGif vdrf;ay;yg/ NyD;vQif t0wfyg;yg;tkyfxm;yg/ OD;a&udk rMumcP xnfhyg/

ig;&ufwdwdjyKpkygu a&,kefaysmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif; vwfqwfaomuif;ykH½Guf jzpf&rnf/ (pm? 82)

45/ avief;? avjzwfaysmufaq;enf; ...

(1) y½kwf? Z0ufom? vufcsm;? uefY? ausmufcsOf ... ¤if;aq;ig;yg;udk &SpfyJom;pDpkNyD; aygif'gom;usatmif

trIefYjyKyg/ a&SmuftcGHtcdk;? vdar®mffcGHtcdk;wdkYudk rsm;rsm;n§pfxnfhNyD; avvkHykvif;wGifxm;yg/ ¤if;udk t&uf? a&Smuf&nf

&&mjzifh avief;jzpfaom vufajcwkdYudk wpfaeYESpfBudrf? okH;Budrfvdrf;ay;yg/ (pm? 86)

(2) aq;ykvJjrpfudk a&ESifhcyfyspfyspfaoG;yg/ [if;pm;ZGef;ESpfZGef;udk oHyk&m&nf rsm;rsm;xnfhí wpfaeYokH;Budrf

31


wdkufyg/ (okdYr[kwf) aq;ykvJjrpftrIefYjzpfvQif uGrf;oD;wpfjcrf;t&G,fcefYudk oHyk&m&nfrsm;rsm;jzifh wkdufyg/

vdrf;aq;rSm a&Smuf&nf? "mwfqD? rdóvif? t&ufwkdYudk qwla&mí y½kwftenf;i,fxnfhNyD; vdrf;ay;yg/ (pm? 87)

46/ avema&m*gESif h qm;rD;zkwf? eEGif;rIef Y ...

qm;udk ajrtdk;ao;ao;av;wGifxnfhNyD; pavmif;zkH;udk yufvufzkH;íeef;BudK;jzifhwkyfyg/ ¤if;ajrtdk;udk rD;zdkxJ

wGif arSmufízkwfyg/ qm;xJodkY jymrsm; r0ifap&efjzpfonf/ aeYpOfcsufaeusrD;zdkxJwGif xnfhzkwfxm;NyD; wpfywfcefY

MumrS azmfí &aomqm;udkjyefaxmif;yg/

qm;udk ykvif;xJxnfhxm;NyD; ¤if;qm; refusnf;aphcefY? eEGif;refusnf;aphcefYudk eHeuftdyf&mxxcsif;

a&t0ESifh aomufyg/ avemonfjzpfap? remonfjzpfap wpfvwdwd yHkrSefaomufoGm;ygu avema&m*g

tjrpfjywfygonf/ (pm? 91)

47/ aoG;wkd;? ausmufuyf? ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;ESif h avmufao½Guf ...

avmufao½Gufudk aeylwGifrvSef;bJ t&dyfwGif ajcmufatmifvSef;yg/ vufzufajcmufuJhodkY a&aEG;qlqlwGif

xnfhaomufyg/ aoG;wkd;? ausmufuyf? ESvkH;aoG;aMumusOf;? acgif;xdk;? acgif;udkufponfha&m*grsm;

aysmufuif;Edkifygonf/ (pm? 77)

48/ iSufzsm;ESif h avmufao½Guf ...

avmufao½Gufudk iSufzsm;xwdkif; csifhcsdef? csdefqí pm;okH;Edkifygonf/ tenf;i,frl;a0aomf aq;½Gufowåd

jyjcif;jzpfojzifhxef;zdkxef;vsufpm;ay;yguoufomygonf/ okH;vcefYpm;aomfiSufzsm;a&m*gtjrpfjywfygonf/(pm? 77)

49/ 0Jajcmuf? ,m;emESif h oyGwfcg;oD;? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ...

oyGwfcg;oD;udk aysmh½kHjyKwfNyD; a&rcsKd;rD wpfudk,fvkH;wdkufyg/ te&Sdaomae&mrsm;udk rMumcPwdkufay;yg/

a&csKd;onfjzpfap? rcsKd;onfjzpfap vufajcwdkYwGif qdkygu wdkufí &ygonf/ oyGwfcg;oD;r&ygu Muuf[if;cg;

owåK&nfjzifh tem&dSaom ae&mrsm;udk wkdufay;yg/ Muuf[if;cg;½GufudkjyKwfí a&csKd;yg/ oyGwfcg;oD;u

ydkaumif;ygonf/

txl;owdjyK&efrSm tvkyfoGm;&olrsm;jzpfygu xdkjyKwf&nfrsm;udkcsKd;NyD; csufcsif; Muyfwnf;aomt0wfrsm;?

"mwkypönf;jzifhjyKvkyfaom t0wfrsm; r0wf&yg/ jyKwf&nfrsm;onf udk,fxJ&dStyludk qGJxkwfNyD; ydk;udk aoapygonf/

azmfjyyg t0wfrsm;0wfygu tylrsm;udk jyef½dkufoGif;ouJhodkY jzpfNyD; aoG;aygifcsdefuswwfygonf/

taumif;qkH;rSm ½kH;ydwf&uf (odkYr[kwf) ½kH;jyefcsdefwGif a&csKd;yg/ xdkYaemuf csnfxnft0wftpm;yGyGudkom

0wfyg/ a&Smif&ef ... ig;oavmuf? ig;z,f? trJom;? ykZGef? rQpf? i½kwfoD;? tkef;oD;? t&uf? oH"mwfygaom

tm;aq;rsm;? wGif;awmifrSxkwfaoma&nd§tm;aq;? tvGefarT;aom qyfjymrsm; .../ (pm? 99)

50/ 0JESif;clajcmufESif h wrm? uGrf;½Guf ...

enf;(1)/ wrmyifrS tacgufESifh t½Gufudk tdk;ESihf jyKwfyg/ ESif;clae&mudk reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf aeYpOfrysuf

qufwdkuf Muyfxkyfxdk;ay;yg/ tylcHEdkifoavmuf Muyfxkyfpwifxdk;onhfaeYrSpí ,m;,HrIvkH;0rjzpfawmhbJ

wpfvausmf&Sdaomtcg a&m*gvkH;0aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf/

enf;(2)/ wrmacgufESifh t½Gufudk ajrtdk;wGifxnfhNyD; a&xnfhjyKwfyg/ NyD;iSufaysm½GufzkH;tkyfí qm;MuyfxkyfESifh

vnf;aumif;? ½dk;½dk;MuyfxkyfESihfvnf;aumif; wpfvSnfhpDxdk;ay;yg/ tyl&dSefavQmhoGm;onfhtcg tdk;zkH;xm;aom

iSufaysm½Gufudkazmufí ESif;clemudk rIdif;cHNyD;aemuf ¤if;jyKwf&nfudk temay:odkYavmif;csaq;aMumyg/ 15&ufwdwd

vkyf? ESpfywfcefYem;/ wpfzefjyefvkyf/ Budrfzefrsm;pGm jyKvkyfcJhojzifh ,ckvkH;0 aysmufuif;oGm;ygNyD/ (pm? 94)

enf;(3)/ vwfqwfaom uGrf;½Gufpdrf;vufESifh temjzpf&mae&mudk oefYpifatmifaq;aMumyg/ uGrf;½Gufpdrf;udk

t&nfxGufatmif acsrGí ,if;uGrf;½Gufjzifh temudk zdwdkufí yGwfwdkufay;yg/ (aoG;xGufatmif ryGwfwdkufygESifh/)

32


ajcmufaoGUonftxd okwfoifjcif;rjyKbJxm;yg/ cPtMum rlvtwdkif;jyefjzpfygonf/ &uftwefMumaomtcg

wjznf;jznf;ajcmufaoGUaysmufuif;oGm;ygonf .../ (pm? 95)

(jrif;cGm½Gufjzifhvnf; yGwfwdkufEdkifygonf .../)

51/ 0JESif;cltpdkESif h qD;jzLoD;? 'kw¬m ...

enf;(1)/ qD;jzLoD;tajcmufudk jymcsíaxmif;yg/ NyD;aemuf trIefYudkppfyg/ tdrfokH;a&eHacs;ESifh azsmfvdrf;yg/

vdrf;aomae&mtukef tzwfrsm;uGmusí aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 96)

enf;(2)/ 'kw¬mudk yGvm½kH rD;zkwfyg/ (jymcs&ef r[kwfyg/) yGvmygu trIefYBudwfNyD; a&eHacs;jzifh oifhwifhatmif

arTyg/ temudk pifMu,fatmifaq;NyD; wpfaeYwpfBudrfvdrf;ay;yg/ pyfNyD; tcH&cufygonf/ rMumrD temrS pD;yspfyspf

t&nfrsm;xGufí pD;usvmvQif oefY&Sif;aom t0wfpjzifh okwfay;yg/ xdkuJhokdYjzpfygu a&m*g rkcsaysmufuif;

awmhrnfjzpfNyD; q,f&ufxufydkrvdrf;&bJ aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 97)

52/ 0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ...

enf;(1)/ 0ufjcHay:odkY xkH;wkdYay;yg/

enf;(2)/ xif;½l;jrpfudk xkH;ESifhaoG;NyD; tkHay;yg/

enf;(3)/ tayG;tacgufukefNyD;aom oeyfcg;wkH;udkaoG;NyD; ntdyf&m0ifwkdif;vl;ay;yg/

enf;(4)/ w½kwfpum;tjzLyGifhtyif\ tjrpfudkaoG;í eHeuf? aeY? n (3)cg vdrf;? pyfonf/ (pm? 102)

53/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ...

enf;(1)/ xm;0,frIdif;yiftñGefYrsm;udk cl;í a&aq;yg/ ¤if;aemuf a&aEG;azsmNyD; MuufoGefeD? MuufoGefjzLwdkYjzifh

ESrf;avSmfudkxnfh? qDarTowfí okyfNyD; t0pm;yg/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gtjyif;txefcHpm;ae&pOf aq;enf;twdkif;

yef;uefjym;jzifhtjynfh xrif;vGwfpm;cJh&m 0rf;udkufa&m*g &Sif;&Sif;aysmufNyD; ESpfaygif; (50)ausmfonftxd

jyefray:vmawmhyg/ (pm? 106)

enf;(2)/ a*G;oD;wpfvkH;? xef;vsufwpfcJudk a*G;oD;wpfudkuf? xef;vsufwpfudkufpm;yg/ xef;zdkxef;vsufqdkvQif

ydkaumif;ygonf/ 0rf;udkufa&m*g csufcsif;aysmufygonf/ (pm? 107)

enf;(3)/ jrif;cGm½Gufudk xkaxmif;í &&dSaomowåK&nfpm;yGJZGef; (2)ZGef;cefYudk oMum;oifh½kH a&mNyD;

wpfaeYokH;Budrfaomufyg/ wpf&ufaomuf½kHjzifh 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 108)

54/ 0rf;rSef0rf;EIwfaq; ...

oabmFrJZvD (ayG;udkif;) t0ga&miftzl;av;rsm;udk cl;NyD; yGifhzwfa>caevSef;yg/ ajcmufvQiftrIefYBudwfNyD;

a&Smuf&nf? qm;oifh½kHjzifhe,fyg/ a*:vDvkH; tao;pm;cefYvkH;NyD; aevSef;yg/ nbufwGif aq;wpfvkH; a&ESifh arQmcsyg/

nbufaq;pm;vQif reufzuf0rf;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ rsm;rsm;pm;vQif rsm;rsm;0rf;oGm;ygonf/ (pm? 110)

55/ 0rf;avQma&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ...

(1) eEGif;rIefYqD;oD;vkH;cefYudk a&aEG;Murf;jzifh (3)&ufaomufyg/ (pm? 112)

(2) aemufwpfenf;rSm ... razmufxkH; 6usyfom;? Z0ufom 4usyfom;? ¤if;ESpfrsKd;udk trIefYjyKí a&wpfydómESifh

a&mum a<uZvkHjzifh wpfaeukefcsufyg/ nae tenfxdkifaomtcg oefY&Sif;aomydwfpjzifh ESpfcg? okH;cgcefY ppfNyD;

avvkHaomykvif;wGif xnfhxm;yg/ a&aEG;ylyl vufzuf&nftMurf;yef;uef wpf0ufomomwGif aq;&nf

vufzuf&nfZGef;wpfZGef; xnfhaomufyg/ (pm? 115)

56/ 0rf;rSefawaq;ausmf (eef;wGif;okH;) ...

(1) xef;vsuf ... ... 10 usyfom;

33


(2) ysm;&nf ... ... 10 usyfom;

(3) oMum; ... ... 10 usyfom;

(4) refusnf;rSnfhtESpf ... ... 10 usyfom;

(5) axmywf ... ... 10 usyfom;

(6) ayG;udkif;rIefY ... ... 3 usyfom;

(7) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; ... ... 4 yJom;

(8) qm; ... ... 1 usyfom;

xdkaq;tr,frsm;udka&mí awaomf eef;wGif;oHk;0rf;rSef awaq;ausmfudk &&Sdyg\/ qD;oD;cefYpm;yg/ rdrd0rf;

tajctaeESifh csdefqí okH;pGJyg .../ (pm? 110)

57/ ovdyfuyfacsmif;qdk;ESif h yifpdrf;? a&Smuf? xef;vsuf ...

enf;(1)/ xrif;pm;NyD;wdkif; yifpdrf;½Gufudk twdkYtjr§yfvkyfpm;yg/ rMumcP ovdyfuyf? ovdyfxjzpf&mrS

yifpdrf;½GufwdkYpm;jcif;aMumifh tjzpfawmhyg/

enf;(2)/ a&SmufoD;tcGHyg;wpfvkH;udk av;pdwf? pdwfyg/ xef;vsufudk a&SmufoD;ESifh tav;csdefqwlxnfhyg/ a&udk

¤if;ESpfrsKd;aygif;\ 5q xnfhjyKwfyg/ a&SmufoD;? xef;vsufwdkYaysmfoGm;vQif t&nfppf,lNyD; [if;pm;ZGef;ESpfZGef;cefY

okH;BudrfrS ig;Budrftxdaomufyg/ okH;&ufcefYaomufvQif rnfonfhacsmif;qdk;a&m*grqdk aysmufygonf/

¤if;jyif &ifusyf? acsmif;qkd;jzpfaeaomvlemudkyiftxufygaq;enf;tjyif uGrf;½Gufpdrf;ESpf½GufESihf

qm;enf;enf;xnfh aomufokH;ap&m vkH;0oufomaysmufuif;oGm;ygonf/ (pm? 120)

58/ oefcsaq;ESif h oabmFaph ...

uav;rsm;wGif oef (odkY) wkwf&dSaeygu uav;\ toufESifh oabmFaphta&twGufwludk axmif;NyD;

uav;udk ntdyf&m0ifcgeD;wdkufauR;yg/ ¤if;aq;wkdufNyD;aemuf tpmrauR;&yg/ 0rf;EIwfay;&ef rvdkyg/

aemufwpfaeY eHeuf0rf;oGm;NyD; a&t0aomufcdkif;yg/ wpfem&DcefYMumrS tpm pm;cdkif;yg/ (pm? 142)

vlBuD;rsm; oef (odkY) wkwfcsvdkvQif oabmFaphtaph (20)cefYudk txufygenf;twdkif;aomufyg/ (pm? 143)

59/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq;enf; (1) ...

qifwkH;rEG,fudk "m;jzifh yg;yg;vSD;NyD; t&dyfwGif ajcmufatmifvSef;yg/ jrif;cGm½GufyÍöig;yg;udk t&dyfwGif

ajcmufatmifvSef;yg/ ¤if;aq;ESpfyg;ajcmufvQif qwlcsdef? trIefYjyKum? ysm;&nfppfppfjzifh a&mpyfvkH;yg/ n? eHeuf

rQwpGm rSefrSefoHk;aqmifygu av;q,fausmf? ig;q,fhjynfhyk*¾dKvfrsm; qD;rSef? 0rf;rSef? pm;aumif;? aomufaumif;?

rsufpdMunfí ]]av}} vnf;rSefygonf/ (pm? 125)

60/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq;enf; (2) ...

rif;okH;yg;ajcmuf? cyfíaomuf ...usef;rmNyD;aemuf? um,od'dayguf .../

(1) remrif; ... zGm;buf½Guf (ikBuD;) (4)½Guf

(2) rtdkrif; ... tkef;ESJ½Guf (OESJ½Guf)

(3) raorif; ... qifwkH;rEG,f (qiforEG,f)

okH;rsKd;udk trIefYjyKí? qwla&mí a&aEG;wGif cyfaomufyg/ a&m*gb, uif;pifNyD; usef;rma&;

txl;aumif;rGefygonf/ (pm? 128)

61/ tzktusdwf? oufwHESif h &cd kifiSufaysmoD; ...

&ckdifiSufaysmoD;rSnfhrSnfhudk tzktusdwfay:wGif tkHNyD; ywfwD;yg;yg; pnf;ay;xm;yg/ txl;owdjyK&efrSm

þaq;enf; tokH;jyKaepOftwGif; &cdkifiSufaysmoD;udk vkH;0rpm;&yg/

34


em;½GufwpfzufwGif a&SUaemuf ESpfae&mü tzktusdwfESpfvkH; wpfNydKifeufay:vmojzihf aq;xkd;? aq;pm;

jyKvkyfaomfvnf; ig;&ufMumonftxd raysmufyg/ xdkaemuf &ckdifiSufaysmoD;udk "m;yg;yg;jzifhvSD;í tusdwfwpfckpD

ay:wGifuyf/ wpfzef ¤if;tay:wGif yvmpwmjzihfxyfuyfay;xm;jcif;udk av;&ufcefY jyKvkyfNyD;aomtcg

wjznf;jznf;ao;í aemufqkH; vkH;0aysmufoGm;ygonf/

aygifwGifaygufaom oufwH? csKdif;wGifaygufaom udEé&mem? ar;½dk;atmuf tzktusdwfrsm;udkvnf;

aysmufuif;apygonf/ (pm? 145)

62/ oGm;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;/ rmvumacguf? eEGif; ...

aq;enf;(1)/ rmvumacgufudkaxmif;NyD; yg;pyfwGifikHay;yg/ upD&nfrsm;udk axG;rypfbJ yvkwfusif;ovdk

vIyf&Sm;ay;yg/ rmvumacguftrIefYudk ta[mif;? topfajymif;? ajymif;NyD;ikHay;yg/ oGm;zkH;a&mif? oGm;udkufaeNyD;

tem&SdefaMumifh yg;pyf? yg;vkwfyg tylaphxum pm;r0if? tdrfraysmfjzpfonfhtwGuf ikHay;xm;&m 15rdepfrQjzifh

oufomaysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 134)

aqenf;(2)/ tjcm;enf;rSm oGm;udkufaomae&m eEGif;odyfay;yg/ (pm? 135)

63/ oGm;a&m*gESif h iydvufav;opf ...

(1) i ... i½kwfaumif;

(2) yd ... ydwfcsif;oD;

(3) vuf ... vufcsm;

(4) av; ... av;n§if;

(5) opf ... opfMuHydk;

ig;rsKd;udk qwla&m? rD;½IdUNyD; &&Sdaom jymrIefYudkavvkHykvif;rSmxm;? aeYpOf xdkjymESifh oGm;wdkufyg/ (pm? 136)

64/ aoG;tH? aoG;oufESif h c&rf;csOfoD; ...

aoG;tHaomf? aoG;oufaomf c&rf;csOfoD;trSnfhudk yg;yg;vSD;í oMum;oifh½kHxnfhNyD; aomufay;yg/

c&rfcsOfoD;wGif yg0ifaom ADwmrif ]]pD}} "mwfonf aoG;wdwfapí oMum;rSmatmhtefjcif;udk Edkifojzifh aoG;tHjcif;

udk oufomapEdkifygonf/ (pm? 134)

65/ aoG;uifqmaysmufaq;enf;ESif rD;uGif;*rkef; ...

tyGifhrSmtjzLa&mifjzpfí t½GufwGiftay:bufü tpdrf;a&mif? atmufbufü c&rf;a&mif&dSaom rD;uGif;

*rkef;t½Gufudk oMum;ESifh a&mNyD; okH;cGufwpfcGufwif BudKaomufyg/ (pm? 140)

66/ aoG;wkd;ESih f awmqD;jzL (0g) a&qD;jzL ...

awmqD;jzL (0g) a&qD;jzLtyifao;vQif (10)yifcefY? tyifBuD;vQif (5)yifcefY tdk;xJxnfhí a&

(40)usyfom;cefYjzifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfyg/ wpfaeYokH;Budrfaomufyg/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESifh acgif;udkuf? Zufxdk;a&m*g

aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 128)

67/ aoG;wkd;ESif h eEGif;cg;? ysm;&nf ...

eEGif;cg; (35)usyfom;? ysm;&nf (65)usyfom;? ¤if;ESpfrsKd;udka&mNyD; aq;vkH;uav;rsm;vkH;í tajcmufcH

xm;yg/ aoG;wkd;vmygu wpfaeYvQif 5vkH; (odkY) 3vkH; ESpfBudrfrDS0Jyg/ (pm? 130)

(eEGif;cg;[m 0NyD;aoG;wkd;&SdolESifh omwnfhwm? ydefNyD;aoG;wkd;&Sdoludk eEGif;cg;aq;ray;&bl;/

rauG;0if;jrifh/ aoG;wkd;? avjzwf? OD;aESmufaMumjywf&jcif;taMumif;&if;? pmrsufESm? 34 .../)

35


68/ aoG;wkd;ESif h puúLyef; ...

puúLyef; (odkY) ydwfyef;wpfyifudk EIwfí EkyfEkyfpOf;NyD; a&wpfydómjzifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfyg/

vufzuf&nfyef;uefwpfvkH; reuf? n (2)Budrfaomufyg/ aoG;ykHrSefa&mufvQif qufaomuf&efrvkdawmhyg/ aoG;

tvGefwufaeí usKdcsdefr&vQif t½Gufudk0g;NyD;? t&nfudk rsKdcs½kHjzifh aoG;wdk;a&m*goufomaysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm?

133)

69/ aoG;wkd;? tom;0g? tonf;a&mifESif h qD;jzLoD;? zefcg;oD; ...

aoG;wkd;? tom;0g? tonf;a&mifrSeforQ qD;jzLoD;? zefcg;oD;udkcsufpm;? aMumfpm;? axmif;pm;? okyfpm;?

tpdrf;pm; BudKuf&mvkyfpm;yg/ tNrJpm;yg/ vufawGUaysmufygonf/ (pm? 141)

70/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESih f oabmFoD;rSnfh ...

oabmFoD;trSnfh (tav;csdef 40usyfom;cefY) udk tvkH;vkdufa&pifatmifaq;í tn§mem;uyfNyD; "m;ESihf

vDS;yg/ tpdwfuav;rsm; pdyfyg/ tjzLa&miftap;rsm; xGufvmrnf/ ¤if;tap;rsm;udk tavtvGifhvkH;0r&SdapbJ

tom;ESifh a&maESmpm;yg/ wpf&ufvQif wpfvkH;usjzifh wpfvcefYpm;okH;jcif;jzifh a&m*gaysmufuif; csrf;omrnf/ (pm?

154)

71/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESih f oabmF½Guftpdrf;? EG,fcsK d ...

oabmF½Guftpdrf;udk owåK&nfn§pfNyD; a<uZGef;BuD; (2)ZGef; wpfaeYokH;Budrfaomufyg/ EG,fcsKdukd tenf;i,fzJh

NyD; yg;pyfxJikHxm;yg/ 0g;NyD; t&nfudk rsKdcsyg/ tpmtdrfa&m*g rcGJrpdwf&yJ aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm? 157)

72/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESif h eEGif;pdrf;O? ysm;&nf ...

eEGif;pdrf;Oudk yg;yg;vSD;í cyfxyfxyfjzpfatmif aevSef;yg/ ¤if;udk ysm;&nfESifh aomufyg/ ysm;&nf r&EkdifvQif

eEGif;rIefYudk oHowfí qm;rD;zkwfESifh aomufyg/ (pm? 157)

73/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESih f eEGif;rIef Y ? uGrf;pm;xkH; ...

]]e*g;ESpfaumif? oHowfaESmif ...

tarmif b,folvJ ...}}

e*g;ESpfaumifqdkonfrSm xkH;? eEGif;udk qdkvdkonf/ oHowfaESmifqdkonfrSm rD;zkwfxm;aom oHacsmif;

jzpfonf/ tarmif b,folvJ qdkonfrSm bma&m*gvJ[k ar;xm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ uGrf;pm;xkH; 8yJom;? qefvGwf

eEGif;rIefY 8yJom;? ¤if;wdkYudk a[mvpfykvif;xJü a&wpf0ufausmfxnfhí a&marTyg/ ¤if;aemuf 3vufrcefY&Sd rD;zkwf

xm;aom oHacsmif;udk n§yfjzifh,lNyD; xnfharTvdkufyg/ xkH;? eEGif;oHowf&nf&rnf/

¤if;udk at;atmifxm;í oHowfa&Munfudk ppf,lNyD; vufzuf&nfZGef;i,f wpfZGef;jzifh wpfaeYokH;Budrf

aomufyg/ a&S;jrefrmorm;awmfBuD;rsm; tarGxm;&pfaom aq;enf;jzpfí ,kHMunfpdwfcspGmtm;udk;jyKyg/ (pm? 159)

74/ temrD;? tempufESif h ½Gufusyifayguf ...

½Gufusyifayguft½Gufudk 'eftkd;tzkH;ay:wifNyD; rD;zdkay:wGif jymjzpfonftxd avSmfyg/ ¤if;jymrsm;udk

tkef;qDjzifh oifhavsmfovkdazsmfNyD; temudk wpfaeYokH;Budrf vdrf;ay;yg/ a&m*graysmufrD temudk qyfjym&nf

rxdygapESifh/ þa&m*gonf qyfjymudk tvGefaMumufygonf/ (pm? 147)

75/ t½kd;usK d;? t½kd;tuf? tqpfvGJESif h qifwkH;rEG,ft½Guf ...

qifwkH;rEG,ft½Gufukd aMunufatmifaxmif;NyD; t½kd;usKd;? t½kd;tuf? tqpfvGJaom ae&mukdMuyfpnf;yg/

¤if;aemuf csuft&ufjyif;ukd tukduftcJ raysmufrcsif; avmif;xnfhay;yg/ tukduftcJ aysmufaomtcg

36


Muyfpnf;jznfyg/ 'd|vufiif;aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 161)

76/ tom;uGJ? tom;ywfESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

tom;uGJtufjcif; jzpfwwfonfh ajczaemifh? vufz0g;rsm;ukd &Sm;apmif;vufyyfrS xGufonfh tap;jzifh

yGwfay;ygu ododomom aysmufuif;ygonf/ aqmif;wGif;ü jzpfapwwfaom yg;wGif tom;ywfjcif;rsm;ukdvnf;

aysmufuif;apygonf/ wpfaeYokH;BudrfcefY twGif;om;udk vdrf;&ygrnf/ (pm? 123)

77/ tom;0ga&m*gESif h pyg;vif ...

pyg;vifvufwpfqkyfudk okH;cGufwpfcGufwifBudKNyD;? eHeufwpfcGuf? nwpfcGufaomufyg/ tom;0gjzpfaepOf

qDygaom tpmudk a&Smif&rnf/ (pm? 120)

78/ tom;0g? tonf;a&mifa&m*gESif h 'ef;BuD;yif ...

'efBuD;yifrS t½Gufvufwpfqkyfudk axmif;xkyg/ aomufa&okH;cGufpmjzifh wpfnpdrfxm;yg/ aemufaeYwGif

eHeuf? aeYvnf? n wpfaeYokH;Budrf oMum;csKd½kHcwfí okH;&ufrS ajcmuf&uftxd wkdufay;yg/ (pm? 122)

79/ tmoD;a&mif (yoda&mif) ESif h ysOf;awmfodrf½Guf ...

ysOf;awmfodrf½GufvufwpfqkyfpmcefYudk a&pifpifaq;NyD; tkd;oefYoefYwGif okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfyg/

cHwGif;wGif ikHEdkifavmufNyDqdkvQif ¤if;jyKwf&nfudk tmoD;ESifh tmacgif&if;odkY a&mufonfhwdkifatmif ikHaxG;yg/ csufcsif;

axG;rypfbJ tenf;qkH;em&D0ufcefY qufwdkufvkyfyg/ (pm? 153)

80/ tufppfylavmifjcif;ESif h uGrf;½GufoMum; ...

tufqpf&nfxdavmifrdaom ae&mtm; a&oefYoefYjzifh aq;ypfyg/ uGrf;½GufESifh oMum;a&macsí

xGufvmaom t&nfrsm;jzifh qGwfí tzwfrsm;udk tkHay;jcif;jzifh trm&GwfrxifbJ tjrefqkH;aysmufuif;ygonf/ (pm?

33)

o Q o Q o

37


38


(6) ½Guf? acguf? jrpf? oD;

aq;enf;(1000)? wkdif;&if;jrefrmtdrfokH;aq;rsm;

OD;vScif (qef;ñGef YOD;)

q|rtBudrf? 1993? pufwifbmv/ wefzk d; 200usyf/ 0HomEkOD;ysK difpmay .../

1/ c½koif;ESif h BudwfrSef½Guf? zefcg; ...

(1) BudwfrSef½Guf&nfukdvdrf;yg .../

(2) aemufwenf; ... BudwfrSefjrpf? zefcg;jrpf tnDtrQ ...

tkd;ESifh zkwfí&aomjymukd ykef;&nfBuD; ESifhazsmfvdrf;yg .../ (pm? 103)

2/ ptkd0,m;jcif;ESif h BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½Guft&nfn§pfí (owåK&nf) ptkd0wGif okH;av;Budrf okwfvdrf;ay;yg/ 0rf;wGif;&Sdykd;rTm;rsm;

usqif;vmygvdrfrnf .../ (pm? 112)

3/ cHwGif;ysufjcif;ESif h BudwfrSef½Guf,dk ...

cHwGif;ysufvQif ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,dk }} aq;ukdpm;yg.../(pm? 104)

]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd }} jyKvkyfykHrSm... BudwfrSef½Guf yOöig;yg; EkyfEkyfpOf;NyD;om; 25 usyfom;? xef;vsuf oefUoefY

10om;ESifh t&nfn§pfNyD; a&SmufoD;zuf 10 usyfom;? MuufoGefeD yg;yg;vSD;NyD;om; 10 om;? prkefrsKd;ig;yg; trIefY

ESpfyJom;pD.../ txufygaq;tpkukd tkd;opfwGif qm;oifh½kH a&oifh½kHxnfhyg/ rD;zkdwGif ,kdxkd;ovkdusKdcsufyg ,kdtjzpfokdY

a&mufaomf... tat;cHNyD;bl;oefYoefYwGifxnfhyg/ tpm ESifha0;csdefeHeuftdyf,mx? aeYvnf? ntdyf,m0if

wGifwpfaeYokH;Budrfpm;yg .../

4/ ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd}} aq;jzif h aysmufuif;Ek difaoma&m*grsm; ...

,kdaq;jzifhaysmufuif;Ekdifaoma&m*grsm;rSm... ukd,fvufazma&mifem? ukd,f0ef&Sdp...ysKdUtefem? ukd,f0ef ysuf?

Muufrsufoifh? acsmif;qkd;yef;em? ajcwkefvufwkef? wpfudk,fvkH;,m;em? ESvkH;wkef&ifckef? ESvkH;a&m*g? ayG;0JESif;cl

zkdrt*Fgpyfa&mifa&m*g? A&if*sDem? rD;,yfuGuf? rD;,yfacgif;ukduf? rD;,yfxkHusOfem? rD;,yfrsufpd? arxkHvGef? rsufpdrIef?

a,mifNyD;vefYatmfaoma&m*g? avem? 0rf;ukduf? 0rf;csKyfvGef? 0rf;oufvGef? ovdyfem? om;tdrfukdufcJ?

onf;ajc?aoG;ykyf? aoG;qkH;? aoG;vGef? aoG;om;rnDrñGwf? aoG;tm;enf;? tom;jzLzwfjzLa&mem? tom;0g? toH0if

tlusa&m*g.../ (pm? 236)

5/ BudwfrSef½Guf vufokyf ...

BudwfrSef½Gufukd a&aEG;azsmq,fNyD; yg;yg;vSD;? MuufoGefeD? qDcsuf? ESrf;rIefY? yJrIefYtusuf? refusnf;rSnfh (okdY)

a&Smuf? oHyk&m&nf? iHjym&nfwkdY ESifhokyfpm;yg/ rMum? rMum BudwfrSef½Gufukd *½kwpkduf pm;ay;jcif; tm;jzifh ...

wtdrfom;vkH; a&m*guif;&Sif;? usef;rm&Tifvef;? tom;ta& Munfvifpkdajyolrsm; tjzpf awGU&ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm?

238)

6/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESif h eEGif;rIef Y ? eH YomjzL ...

eEGif;rIefYESifh eYHomjzLukd trIefYjyKvkyfí rD;wGif xnfh&SKyg .../ (pm? 104)

7/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESif h oHyk&m&nfaph ...

oHyk&maphBudwfNyD; em;o,fwGif vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 105)

39


8/ iSufzsm;ESif h aMumifyef;½Guf ...

aMumifyef;½GufajcmuftrIefY? aMumifyef;½GufowåK&nf? aMumifyef;½Guftpdrf;jyKwf&nf wpfrsdK;rsKd;ukd ... eHeuf?

nOfh aomufay;yg/ aMumifyef;½GufjyKwf&nfukd a&ESifh a&mpyfí csKd;yg? ukd,ftylavmifjcif;? teHYtoufraumif;jcif;

rsm;aysmufí? qD;rsm;pGmoGm;í iSufzsm;a&m*g aysmufuif;Ekdifonf/ (pm? 111)

9/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESif h jrif;cGm½Guf? i½kwfaumif; ...

jrif;cGm½Gufukd i½kwfaumif;ESifh ... trQpDBudwfí aomufyg .../ (pm? 111)

10/ iSufzsm;ESif h jrif;cGm? yifpdrf;? i½kwfaumif; ...

jrif;cGm½Guf? yifpdrf;½Guf? i½kwfaumif;rIefY ... þoHk;yg; qwla&mBudwfNyD; okH;a&G;om;cefY vkH;xm;yg? eHeuf?

nOfh wpfvkH;pD pm;yg/ emwm&Snfjzpfaeaom iSufzsm;omru ... rnfonfha&m*grQ ruyfEkdifawmhbJ usef;rm

touf&Snf ygrnf .../ (pm? 122)

11/ qD;usef? qD;enf;? qD;atmifh jcif;? jrif;cGm? oMum; ...

jrif;cGm½Guf owåK&nfESifh oMum; a&mpyf aomufyg .../ (pm? 113)

12/ qD;yl? qD;enf;? qD;aoG;ygjcif;ESif h 'EÅokc ...

'EÅokcwpfyifvkH; tajcmufvSef;NyD; vufzufajcmufuJhokdY cyfaomufyg ... okH;&uftwGif; ... &Sif;&Sif;

aysmufygonf .../ (pm? 113)

13/ qD;csKyfjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

qD;rsm;&ef MuufoGefeDtpdrf;vkduf rsm;rsm;pm;yg .../ (pm? 114)

14/ qD;wpfpuf? wpfpufusjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD...

MuufoGefeDukdjyKwfí t&nfukdaomufyg .../ (pm? 114)

15/ qD;atmifh (ausmufwnf) jcif;ESif h xdu½kH;tjrpf ...

xdu½kH;tjrpfukd jyKwfaomufaomf ... ausmufaysmfí uGJap\ .../ (pm? 115)

16/ qifclvnfjywfem ...

qifwkH;rEG,fukd aoG;í ¤if;temrSm rMumcP vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 115)

( 1976ck? azaz:0g&Dvxkwf jr0wDr*¾Zif; q&meef;ñGefYaqG\ aqmif;yg;rS ... q&mBuD;OD;*kPfbPf ukd,fawGU )

17/ n§if;aygufvQifESif h BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd vdrf;yg .../ (pm? 125)

18/ ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (owd? ynmtm;wkd;aq;) ESif h jrif;cGm½Guf? ESrf;qD ...

jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf 10usyfom; wGif...ESrf;qD 5usyfom; a&mí rD;n§if;n§if;ESifh csuf/ qDom;usefrS cs/

at;vQifppfxm;/ xkdqDukd tenf;i,fpD aomufyg/ uif;jrD;aumufxkd;vQifvnf; vdrf;yg .../ (pm? 125)

40


19/ wif;wdyfESif h 'EÅokc...

'EÅokcowåK&nfESifh oeyfcg;pyfí ... tdyf&m0ifwkdif; vl;ay;yg .../ (pm? 1235)

20/ xdyfuyfemESif h BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd cPcP &SLay;yg .../ (pm? 126)

21/ em;udkufjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD...

MuufoGefeDukd rD;zkwf/ t&nfaEG;aEG; em;xJxnfh .../ em;ukdufjcif; aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 132)

22/ em;avxGufjcif;ESif h w½kwfpum;yGif h ...

w½kwfpum;yGifhukd em;wGif ydwfqkdYxm;yg .../ ¤if;tyGifhukd vufokyf okyfpm;yg .../ (pm? 132)

23/ em;tlavxGufjcif;ESif h oabFm½Guf ...

oabFm½Guf rD;tkH;í twkdYtjrKyf vkyfpm;yg .../ (pm? 133)

24/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;ESif h jrif;cGm½Guf? qifwkef;rEG,f ...

jrif;cGm½GufESifh qifwkef;rEG,fukd a&mí jyKwfaomufcJhaomf ESvkH;wkefjcif;? pdwfacsmufjcm;jcif; aysmuf\ .../

(pm? 138)

25/ ESvkH;a&m*gESif h BudwfrSef½Guf,kdaq; ...

BudwfrSef½Guf,dkaq;ukd pm;yg .../ (pm? 138)

(BudwfrSef½Guf,kdvkyfenf;? pmrsufESm (34)wGif Munfhyg .../)

26/ ESmap;acsmif;qkd; ...

(1) csif;pdrf;&nfESif ysm;&nfwkdYukd a&mNyD; rMumcP vsufay;yg .../

(2) aemufwenf; ... csOfaygifcg;½Gufukd &Smvywf&nf vkyfíaomuf/ aumif;vS\ .../ (pm? 139)

27/ ESmydwf? ESmacgif;teUHr&jcif; ...

BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd cPcP &SLay;yg .../ (pm? 139)

28/ yef;emESif h ausmufz½k Hcg;oD; ...

ausmufz½kHcg;oD; tom;csdef 50usyfom; jcpf,l/ xef;vsuf 50usyfom; a&mí tkd;opfESifh rwl;atmif?

rjcpfatmif usKd/ yspfyspf&vQif ysm;&nf 50usyfom;ESifh e,fípm;yg .../ (pm? 142)

29/ yef;emESif h qD;jzLoD;...

qD;jzLoD; pm;ay;yg.../ (pm? 142)

30/ yef;emESif h aMumifvQmyiftacguf...

aMumifvQmyiftacgufukd csif;owåK&nfESifhvnf;aumif;? ysm;&nfESifhvnf;aumif; a&mpyfaoG;í vQufcJhaomf

aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 142)

41


31/ yef;em&ifusyf'd|aysmufaq;ESif h oabFmoD;...

ausmufwef;NrKdU q&mOD;pkd;wifhu aq;q&mrsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif zwfMum;onfh pmwrf;rS aumufEkwfcsuf

.../

oabFmoD; tpdrf;wpfvkH;ukd tvkH;vdkuf a&pifatmif aq;yg? tay:cGHukd ETmrypfbJ oabFmjcpfESifh jcpfí

i½kwfpdrf;? MuufoGefeD? iHjym&nf ponfwkdYESifh oHyk&moGifoGif qrf;NyD; npm xrif;vGwf t0 pm;yg/

(aeYvnfpmukd avQmh pm;xm;yg) .../

aemufwaeY oabFmrJZvDyGifhajcmufukd a&aEG;qlqlwGif cwfí vufzuf&nfMurf; aomufouJhokdY tMurf;

yef;uefESifh av; ig;vkH;cefY aomufyg (ovdyfrsm; 0rf;ESifh twl qif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf) .../

0rf;oGm;NyD; aemufwpfaeYrSm OEéJ½Guf (tkef;ESJ½Guf) tpkdjzpfap? tajcmufjzpfap? xef;vsufESifh Budwfí

qD;jzLoD;cefY (3)vkH;ukd eHeuf? aeY? nOfh pm;yg/ oabFmoD;okyf wpfBudrfpm;½kHESifh aysmufwwfygonf/ tcsKdU ESpffBudrf?

okH;Budrfxd pm;&ygonf/ okH;BudrfrS aysmufvQif qufpm;&ef rvkdyg/ (pm? 234)

32/ ayG;? 0J?,m;emESif h MuufoGefjzLOwpfvkH; ...

MuufoGefjzLOwpfvkH;ukd zifrSvSD;í xGufvmaom tap;&nfESifh temukd rMumcP yGwfay;yg/ rkcs

aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 114)

33/ raemr,&aohBuD;ODcEÅ Denf; (oraxmysm;ayG;) ...

]]o?r?axm?ysm;?ayG;}} ... &aohBuD;OD;cEÅDaq;

(1) oMum; ... 10.usyfom;

(2) refusnf;oD; ... 5 .usyfom;

(3) axmywf ... 5 .usyfom;

(4) ysm;&nf ... 5 .usyfom;

(5) ayG;ukdif;rIefY ... 5 . /

(6) qm; ... oifhf½kH aw pm;yg .../ (pm? 149)

34/ rD;avmifemESif h iSufaysmoD;rSnfh...

iSufaysmoD;rSnfhrSnfh tkHay;vQif rMumrD at;í tzk raygufbJ aysmuf\.../ (pm? 158)

35/ rD;avmifemESif h BudwfrSef? yifpdrf; ...

BudwfrSef½Guf&nfESifh yifpdrf;½GufwkdYukd a&mí wpfaeY ESpfcg vdrf;ay;yg/ tylaysmufí trm&Gwfrsm;vnf;

aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 158)

36/ rD;avmifemaMumifhtrm&GwfjzLESif h BudwfrSef½Guf ...

jzLaomtom;ay:wGif BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nf rMumcP qGwfay;yg .../ (pm? 158)

37/ ,m;em? rdwfESif h ca&yGif h? jrif;cGm½Guf ...

(1) ca&yGifhajcmufukd oeyfcg;jzifh a&mvdrf;? rdwfaygufaysmuf\/ tylaMumifhjzpfaom ,m;em aysmuf\ .../ (pm?

158?165 ) (yxrenf;wpfenf;)

(2) wpfukd,fvkH; ,m;,HaevQif jrif;cGm½Guf(90) usyfom;ukd a&wpfykH;ESifh jyKwfí a&csKd;ay;yg/ trsm;qkH;

oHk;&uf qufcsKd;vQif aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 166) ('kwd,enf;)

42


38/ a&,kefemESif h uif;yk H½Guf ...

uif;yHk½Guft&nfukd rMumcP wkdYay;yg/ rkcsaysmufuif;ygonf/ aeYpOfaeYwkdif; vwfqwfaom uif;ykH½Guf

jzpf&rnf .../ (pm? 168)

39/ &ifwkefarmyef;jcif;ESif h a&Smuf? xef;vsuf ...

a&SmufoD;ESifh xef;vsufauR;yg .../ (pm? 169)

40/ avief;a&m*g ESif h&Sm;apmif;? qifwkH;? ysm;&nf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufywf\ 5q? qifwkH;rEG,f trIefYukdxnfhí ysm;&nfESifh Budwfípm;aomf aysmuf\ .../ (pm?

171)

41/ taMuma&m*gESif h BudwfrSef½Gufvufokyf ...

BudwfrSef½Gufvufokyfukd rSefrSefpm;yg .../ (pm? 196)

(vufokyfvkyfenf;? pmrsufESm ( ) wGif Munfhyg .../)

42/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESif h iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;

iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ukdtcGHETmí aeylwGifaoGUajcmufatmifvSef;NyD;? rIefYaeatmifBudwf? ,if;trIefukd

rkefYvkyfíaeYpOfpm;ay;yg/ tpmtdrftcsOfaygufa&m*g ESifh tpmtdrfESifhywfouforQ a&m*gtm;vkH;aysmuf\ .../ (pm?

199)

43/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESif h eEGif;O? ysm;&nf ...

eEGif;Oukd yg;yg;vSD;/ ae&dyfrSm cyfxyfxyfvSef;/ wpfBudrfvsif(3)jym;? wpfaeY okH;Budrfysm;&nfESifhaomuf ...

rkcsaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 199)

44/ temaygufvQif ...

(1) xkH;ESifh eEGif; a&mvdrf;yg? EkvQifydef...&ifhvQifayguf\ .../ (pm? 206)

(2) aemufwenf;...jrif;cGm½Gufukd axmif;? eEGif;ESifhBudwftkH...aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 207)

45/ trm&Gwfaysmufap&ef ...

(1) jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf...vdrf;qGwfay;yg .../

(2) okdr[kwf...BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nf...vdrf;qGwfay;yg .../ (pm? 214)

46/ touf&Snfaq;ESif h BudwfrSef½Guf...

BudwfrSef½Gufwpfydómukd qm;ESifhnufpGmBudwf? vkHxJrSmxnfh? rD;ESpfzufzkdESifhxkdk; qm;owåKusvmvdrfhrnf/

trIeYfBudwf ...ysm;&nfESifhpdrf eHeuf? nOfh aomuf? EkysKdíjzLaomqHyifeufvmrnf .../ (pm? 219)

47/ touf&Snfaq;ESif h jrif;cGm½Guf...

jrif;cGm½GufyOöig;yg; a&pifpifaq; t&dyfrSmvSef;? trIefYjyK avvkHatmifxm;? 3 a&G;om;rS 5 a&G;om;txd

wpfaeYokH;Budrf? ysm;? oum&nf... &&mESifh a&maomuf? &uf&Snfvrsm;pGJípm;yg .../ (pm? 219)

43


48/ touf&SnfEkysK dap&ef qD;jzL? zefcg; ...

qD;jzLoD;? zefcg;oD; tpkdajcmufaeYpOfoifh½kH tNrJpm;yg .../ (pm? 220)

49/ tlusa&m*g ESif h ]]BudwfrSef½Guf,kd}} aq; ...

BudwfrSef½Guf,dk (pmrsufESm ---) aq; ... tNrJpm;yg .../ (pm? 223)

o Q o Q o

44


(7) rD;zk dacsmifrSaq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; (yxrwGJ) ...


(14)Budrfajrmuf? 1997? rwfv/ 0HomEkOD;ysK difpmay? wefzk d;ryg .../

1/ MuufoGefjzLESif h aoG;wkd;a&m*g ...

r[wår*EDBuD;u

rdrd\ aoG;wkd;a&m*gonf

MuufoGefjzLukd aeYpOf pm;jcif;jzifh

aysmufuif;&onf [kkqkd\ .../ (pm? 23)

2/ MuufoGefjzLESif h vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ...

MuufoGefjzL tqDukd wpfBudrfvQif ESpfpufrQ wpfaeY (3)Budrf wkdufauR;jcif;? vnfyif;wGif vdrf;usHjcif; jyK&\

.../ (pm? 24)

3/ MuufoGefjzLESif h ayG;0J,m;em ...

MuufoGefjzLwpfvkH;ukd zifrSvSD;í xGufvmaom tap;&nfESifh temukd rMumcP yGwfoyfvdrf;ay;yg?

rkcsaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 25)

4/ tm;wkd;aq;ESif h MuufoGefeDaph ...

MuufoGefeDaphukd axmif;pm;yg .../ (pm?27)

5/ qD;rsm;ap&efESif h MuufoGefeD ...

qD;rsm;ap&ef MuufoGefeDukd tpdrf;pm;yg .../ (pm?27)

6/ qD;wpfpufwpfpufusjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

MuufoGefeDukd jyKwfí t&nfukdaomufyg .../ (pm27)

7/ vdyfacgif;aoG;ygESif h MuufoGefeD ...

MuufoGefeDt&nf vwfvwfqwfqwf n§pfí a<uZGef; wpf0uf? oMum;tenf;i,fpGufí wpfaeY

wpfBudrfwkdufay;yg .../ (pm? 27)

8/ BudKUxkd;aysmufaq;enf; ...

MuufoGefeDukd xef;vsufESifh Ekdif;csif;Budwfípm; .../

(wpfenf;) opfMuykd;ukd...qm;ESifhyspfyspfaoG;í vQmyGwf .../

(aemufwpfenf;) oli,fpm iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;ukdpm; .../ (pm? 29)

9/ atmhtHjcif;? BudKUxkd;jcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD? csif; ...

csif;pdrf; 12usyfom;? MuufoGefeDOrS n§pfí&aomt&nf oifhawmfpGma&mí aomufcJhaomf... atmhtHaom

a&*gaysmuf\? BudKxkd;vQifvnf; txufygtwkdif;vkyfyg .../ (pm? 30)

10/ acsmif;qkd;&ifusyfaysmufaq;enf; ...

csif;pdrf;? xef;vsuf? i½kwfaumif;? av;n§if;wkdYukd oifh½kHpkí usKdNyD;aomufu aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 31)

45


11/ tpmtdrfa&m*gESif h eEGif;O? ysm;&nf ...

*ufpwpf (Gastritis) tpmtdrfema&m*grsm;twGuf eEGif;Oukd yg;yg;vSD; ae&dyfrSm cyfxyfxyf jzpfatmifvSef;?

ysm;&nfESifh wpfcgaomuf okH;jym;? wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomuf/ rkkcsaysmufuiff;aom vufawGUaq; .../ (pm? 34)

12/ ESmacgif;aoG;,kdESif h oHyk&moD; ...

oHyk&moD; vwfvwfqwfqwf t&nfukd ESmacgif;wGif;n§pfxnfhyg .../ (pm? 42)

13/ vnfacsmif;a&m*gESif h oHyk&m&nf? ysm;&nf ...

oHyk&m&nf ylylukd ysm;&nf ESifh a&mí? aeYtcg ESpfBudrfvQufyg/ aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 42)

14/ rufuavmifa&m*gESif h Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ...

tjyif;zsm;í rsufpdrzGifhbJ tvGeftdyfvQif rufuavmifa&m*g jzpfonf/ ptkd0ukdMunfhvQif eDeDtzk uav;

3zkrS 5zkxd awGU&rnf/ tyfukd rD;zkwfí vufzsm;ukdazmufNyD; aoG;n§pfxkwfyg/ xkdae&mukd Muuf[if;cg;oD;

½Guft&nfukd okwfvdrf;ay;yg/ roufomvQif ptkd0 rStzkrsm;ukd azmufíMuuf[if;cg;½Guf t&nfokwfvdrf;ay;yg/

Muuf[if;cg;oD;? Muuf[if;cg;½GufwkdYukd [if;csufíjzpfap? jyKwfwkdYíjzpfap ... pm;EkdiforQpm;yg .../ (pm? 52)

15/ qD;ylusOf fatmif hESif h ausmufz½k HoD;

ausmufz½kHoD;ukd xdyfutaygufazgufí ... oMum;0ifoavmufoGif; oMum;t&nfaysmf oGm;aomf ...

vufzuf&nfyef;uefESifh wpfaeYwpfvkH;usaomuf ...aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 57)

16/ 'lvmoa&mESif h ausmufz½k HoD; ...

usifacsmif;udkufNyD; qD;ESifha&mí tjzLzwfrsm; xGufusaoma0'emukd ]]'lvmoa&m}} [kac:onf/

ausmufz½kHoD;ukd tcGHoifí tlESifh tom;ukdt&nfn§pf,l ... qm;cJukd rD;&J&J ESpfNyD; ESpfBudrf? okH;Budrfxkd;NyD;u

xkdt&nfxJrSm xnfhaomufav .../ ylíqif;aoma&m*g vQifjrefpGmaysmufuif;Ekdifonf .../ (pm? 57)

17/ yef;em? avemESif h ausmufz½k HoD; ...

ausmufz½kHoD; xufjcrf;cGJ jcpf,lxm;onhftom; ... tcsdefig;q,fom;ESifh xef;vsuf ig;q,fom;ukd

tkd;opfjzifhrwl;rjcpfatmifusKdNyD; ysm;&nfig;q,fom;ESifh a&mpyfípm;aomf yef;em? avem aumif;ygonf .../ (pm? 58)

18/ toH0if? toHuyf? vnfacsmif;emESif h 'efovGefjrpf ...

'efYovGefjrpfukd xkaxmif; Budwfacsí t&nfn§pf,lum pm;yGJwifZGef; wpfZGef;cefY aeYpOf aomufay;yg .../

(pm? 67)

19/ 'lvmoa&mESif h qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;O ...

(qD;oGm;aomtcg cg;ukdufNyD; tjzLzwfrsm; ygaoma&m*g) 'lvmoa&mjzpfvQif qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;OBuD; þESpfyg;

trQBudwfí pm;yg .../ (pm? 75)

20/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESif h acG;v,m;jrpf ...

acG;v,m; (acG;avS,m;) yif\ tjrpfrIefYukd qDESifhcsuf ... aq;zwfukdppfyg/ ¤if;qDESifh vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm?

87) (bmqDvJ? ESrf;qDvm; ...¿)

46


21/ om;tdrfavQmemESif h acG;v,m;jrpf ...

acG;v,m; (acG;avS,m;) yif\tjrpfudk a&av;ykHwpfykH<uif; (av;cGufwpfcGufwif) jyKwfaomuf/

¤if;t&nfESifhyif om;tdrfukd aq;aMumay;yg/ temuif;í om;tdrftm;&dSvmrnf .../ (pm? 88)

22/ b&if*sDem (*&if*sDem) ESif h [if;Eke,f ...

[if;Eke,f yÍöig;yg;udk usufusufjyKwfNyD; razmufxkH; oifh½kHxnfhí ukvm;xdkifzifatmufü ,if;jyKwf&nftdk;

udkxm;NyD; wpfaeYwpfBudrf xdkifay;yg/ okH;&ufESifhaysmuf\/

rkcsaysmufaom vufawGUukxkH;jzpfygonf/ xkdukxkH;jzifh ukoNyD;aemuf c&rf;oD;? Muufom;? trJom;ponf

wdkYudk vlemtm; auR;Munfhyg/ temref; usefao;vQif ,m;,Hvmrnf/ aysmufvQif vkH;0r,m;awmhyg .../ (pm? 91)

23/ jrif;cGm½Gufaq;ESif h a&m*gpk H ...

1/ jrif;cGm½GufrIefY (ae&dyfvSef;) ... 10 usyfom;

2/ i½kwfaumif;rIefY ... 2 usyfom;

3/ ysm;&nf ... 12 usyfom;

þaq; (3)rsKd;udk a&mpyfí tap;aygufatmif e,fyg/ ae ... ysm;&nfcef;½kH? oifhawmf½kH vSef;yg/ qD;uif;

cefYvkH;í avvkHzefykvif;rSmxm;yg/ eHeufwpfvkH;? nwpfvkH;jzpfap? eHeufwpfvkH;? aeYvnfwpfvkH;? nwpfvkH;jzpfap

rSefrSefpm;yg/ ydkpm;ygu omíaumif;ygonf/ ab;Oyg'f rjzpfyg/

a&m*gBuD;oljzpfygu wpfv? ESpfvpm;okH;rdvQif? a&m*gi,foljzpfu v0uf? wpfvpm;okH;rdvQif udk,fom;

udk,f&nfESifh tusKd;xl;rsm; odvm&onf/ a&m*gr&dSolrsm; BudKwifpm;oGm;ygu (BudKwifumuG,fonfh oabmouf

a&mufojzifh) a&m*gb,rsm; a0;uGmrnfrSm trSefrScs jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 101)

24/ 0ufjcHaygufjcif;ESif h jrif;cGm½Guf ...

0ufjcHaygufvQif jrif;cGm½GufudkBudwfvdrf;yg .../ (pm? 105)

25/ BudwfrSef½Gufawaq;ESif h aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

1/ BudwfrSef½Gufajcmuf ... 10 usyfom;

2/ jrif;cGm½Gufajcmuf ... 5 usyfom;

3/ Bwdu#Kwf ... 1 yJom; pD

¤if;aq;tr,frsm;udk rIefYnufatmif axmif;NyD; ysm;&nf 10usyfom;jzifh awyg/ zefAl;wGif xnfhNyD; eHeuf?

n qD;uif;cefYpm;yg/ BudwfrSefESifh jrif;cGmudk aervSef;&yg/ t&dyfxJrSm ajcmufap&ygrnf/

i½kwfaumif;? ydwfcsif;oD;? csif;ajcmuf þokH;yg;udk ]]Bwdu#Kwf}} [kac:ygonf/ i½kwfaumif;tpm;

umvDoD; (pyfvGef;aomi½kwfoD;tyGoD;) ? csif;ajcmuftpm; csif;½kd;½kd;tajcmuftm; xnfhvQifvnf;oifhygonf/

aoG;aygif;í emusifaevQif? csnfheJYtm;enf;aevQif? rdef;rudk,fay:rSm &Gydk;xdk;wwfaoma&m*g&dSvQif (rdef;r

udk,f ,m;,Hwwfonfhoabmudk ajymwmvm; ...) BudwfrSef½Gufawaq;udkpm; .../ (pm? 118)

26/ BudwfrSef½GufESif h tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm ...

BudwfrSef½Gufudk ...

1/ vufokyf vkyfpm;yg ...

2/ [if;csKd? [if;cg; csufaomufyg ...

3/ rD;Nrd§Kuf? jyKwf? tpdrf;wdkY? jr§Kyfpm;yg ...

4/ rkefYESpfESifh trsKd;rsKd;aMumfpm;yg ...

5/ [if;xJ xnfhcsufpm;yg/ [if;&nfyspfí t&om&Sdygonf .../

47


þodkY rMumcP *½kpdkufí pm;ay;jcif;jzifh wpftdrfom;vkH; usef;rm&Tifvef;í a&m*gaygif; ajrmufrsm;pGm

ruyfNidEdkifawmhyg/ wpftdrfom;vkH; tom;ta&Munfvifpdkajyolrsm;tjzpf wtHhwMo awGU&ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 127)

27/ ESif;clESif h 'EÅokc

'EÅokc t½Gufpdrf;ukd t&nfn§pf (wpfusyfom;cefY)/ xef;vsuf? ESrf;qDESifh a&mpyfívdrf;NyD; ywfwD;

pnf;xm;yg/ tudkuf raysmufrjcif; rcGm&/ rMumrD tudkuf aysmufoGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ qufvufí þtwdkif;

vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 131)

28/ qD;yl? qD;enf;? aoG;ygESif h 'EÅokc

'EÅokcwpfyifvkH; tajcmufcHNyD; vufzufajcmufuJhodkY cwfaomufyg/ okH;&uftwGif; &Sif;&Sif; aysmufuif;

ygonf .../ (pm? 131)

o Q o Q o

48


(8) rD;zk dacsmifrSaq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; ('kwd,wGJ) ...


(14)Budrfajrmuf? 1996? Ed k0ifbmv/ wefzd k; 150usyf/ 0HomEkOD;ysK difpmay .../

1/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmif hESif h uñGwfO ...

uñGwfESifh &SOfhrwuf twlwlyifjzpf\/ ajrrSxGufump tñGefYtan§mufudk ]]uñGwf}} [kac:NyD; t½Gufrsm;

jzma0í wufvmaomtyifudk ]]&SOfhrwufyif}} [kac:onf/ uñGwfOudk a&ESifh ig;ykHwpfykH (ig;cGufwpfcGufwif)

jyKwfaomufyg .../ (pm? 16)

2/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESif h uñGwfO ...

uñGwfO owåK&nfESifh tav;wl EGm;EdkY a&maomufcJhaomf MumjrifhpGm pGJuyfaeaom ausmufwnfa&m*g

aysmufuif;Edkifonf .../ (pm? 16)

3/ rD;,yfa&m*gESif h uñGwfO ...

uñGwfO owåK&nfESifh ysm;&nfa&mí aomufcJhaomf (trsKd;orD;) a,medylavmifjcif;? aMu;eDa&mif&dSaom

rD;,yfaoG;ysufrsm; usqif;jcif;wdkYudk aysmufuif;Edkifygonf .../ (pm? 16)

(owåK&nf = a&rxnfhbJ uñGwfO oufoufrS n§pf,lí &aomt&nf .../)

4/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESif h c&myif ...

yifv,furf;ajc a&iefpyfü ckwfí rEdkifavmufatmif aygufaeaomtyif ... c&myifrS c&mtjrpfudk

qefaq;&nfESifh aoG;í eHeuf tMurf;yef;uefvkH; wpfvkH;? tdyf&m0if tMurf;yef;uefvkH; wpfvkH; aomufay;yg/

odkYaomf ¤if;aq;wpfcGufaomufNyD;vQif udk,hfudk,fudkcsifhcsdefí qufaomufoifhrS aomufyg/ aoG;tus

vGefoGm;wwfonf/ 0ufom;ESifh tiefudka&Smifyg/

]]bkr®&mZm}} onf aoG;wdk;a&m*gü ]]c&mjrpf}} uJhodkY vsifjrefxda&mufaom wefcdk;owdå r&dSyg/

aoG;wdk;a&m*g &Sifrsm; vufawGU prf;oyfMunfhyg/ aq;\ wefcdk;owdåudk tHhMozG,f&m od&dSvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 61)

5/ vQmem (cHwGif;ysufjcif;) ESif h c&rf;csOfoD; ...

vQmay:wGif tjzLa&mif t&dt&GJrsm; zkH;tkyfí cHwGif;ysufaeaomf c&rf;csOfoD;t&nfudk odaE¨mtenf;i,f

xnfhí aomufay;ygu vsifjrefpGm aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 65)

6/ cHwGif;ysuf (vQmem) ESif h *k Hrif; ...

*kHrif;jrpfudk qm;ESifh vQmt&if;txdyGwfvdrf;í vQmudkEIdufay;yg/ csufcsif; pm;aumif;? aomufaumif;

jzpfvmEdkifygonf .../ (pm? 70)

7/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESif h r½d k;yif (ijzLBuD;) ...

ijzLBuD;jrpfudk qefykH;&nfjzifh aoG;í yg;yg;vdrf;ygu aysmuf\/ aomufaq;rSm ijzLBuD;½GufESifh odaE¨mudk

qwljyKí ajrtdk; t0us,fus,fwGif xnfhí tdk;0udkydwfNyD; rD;jzifh uRrf;atmifzkwfyg/ ,if;jymESifh 'defcsOfa&m

aomufygu qifajcaxmufa&m*g aysmufonf .../ (pm? 81)

8/ wif;wdyfESif h ijzLBuD;tap; ...

rsufESmwGif wif;wdyfrsm;&dSygu eEGif;ESifh ijzLBuD;tap;udk aoG;í vdrf;ay;ygu aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 81)

49


9/ temaygufaq;ESif h ijzLBuD;tap; ...

ijzLBuD; (r½dk;) ap;udk raygufEdkifaom temrsm;wGif wifay;ygu temrSm csufcsif;jynfaygufí temwGif; &dS

raumif;aom tnpftaMu; tm;vkH;udkvnf; pm;oGm;ayonf .../ (pm? 87)

10/ tm;aq;ESif h iSufaysmoD;zD;Murf; ...

iSufaysmoD; zD;Murf;aysmfaysmfudk ESrf;qDESifh eDatmif ausmfí aeYpOfe,fNyD;pm; .../ (pm? 49)

11/ tom;0gESif h pyg;vif ...

*Ref;'pf (ac:) qD;aMumifhjzpfaom tom;0ga&m*gtwGuf pyg;vifudk vufwGif;wpfqkyf? qkyfí tNrD;?

acgif;jzwfNyD; a&ESifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwifBudKí wpfaeYvQif okH;Budrfxufrenf; wdkufay;yg/ okH;&ufaphvQif odod

omom xl;jcm;aysmufuif;ygvdrfhrnf/ vufawGUenf;jzpfygonf/ a&m*gjzpfyGm;pOf qDygaom[if;vsmrsm;udk txl;

owdjyK a&SmifMuOfyg .../ (pm? 103)

12/ &aohBuD;OD;cEÅ D\ (96)yg;aq; ...

ikoD;? refusnf;oD;pdrf;? qD;jzLoD; wpfydómpDudk qm;avSmf ig;q,fom;jzifh oratmif arTNyD;vQif

qD;oD;cefYvkH;NyD; ykvif;wGif xnfhxm;yg/ wpfvkH;jzpfap? wpfjcrf;jzpfap aeYpOf pm;av/ (96)yg;a&m*g aysmufuif;\

.../ (pm? 103)

13/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifhESif h w½kwfpum;yGif h ...

w½kwfpum;yGifhteDudk ajcmufvSef;NyD; vufzufajcmufuJhokdY cwfaomufyg .../ (pm? 112)

14/ vQmyGwfaq; (cHwGif;ysufa&m*g) ESif h w½kwfpum;yGif h ...

w½kwfpum;acgufudk aoG;í vQmyGwfay;yg/ zsm;emNyD; emvefx cHwGif;ysufa&m*g aumif;vSygonf .../ (pm?

112)

15/ qifwkH;rEG,fcsufaq; (ÓmPf&S dovkdokH;) ...

qifwkH;rEG,fudk EkwfEkwfpOf;í a&ESifh txyfxyf usKdcsufNyD; anmifap;usonftxd csufí ÓmPf&Sdovkd

pm;okH;oGm;ygav .../ (pm? 114)

16/ rD;,yfjzLESif h qifwkH;rEG,f ...

qifwkH;rEG,fudk jyKwfíaomfvnf;aumif;? wpfnodyfpdrfífaomfvnf;aumif; aomufyg .../ (pm? 115)

17/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;? pdwfacsmufjcm;jcif;ESif h qifwkH;rEG,f? jrif;cGm½Guf ...

qifwkH;rEG,fESifh jrif;cGm½GufjyKwfNyD; aomufyg/ ESvkH;wkefjcif;? pdwfacsmufjcm;jcif;aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 115)

18/ udk,fa&0ga&m*g (tom;0g) ESif h qifwkH;rEG,ft½Guf? 'defcsOf ...

qifwkH;rEG,ft½Gufudk Budwfí 'defcsOfESifh aomufyg/ vsifjrefpGmaysmuf\ .../

(wwd,tBudrf jrefrmEdkifiH aq;okawoe aqG;aEG;yGJ? 21?3?1969/ aq;odyHÜcef;rBuD;ü OD;jr0if; zwfMum;onfh

pmwrf; aumufEIwfcsuf .../) (pm? 116)

19/ qifclvnfjywfESif h qifwkH;rEG,f ...

qifwkH;rEG,fukd aoG;í rMum? rMumvdrf;ay;yg .../

50


(1976ckESpf? azazmf0g&Dvxkwf jr0wDr*¾Zif;rS eef;ñGefYaqG\ aqmif;yg;? jrefrmynm&dS q&mBuD;OD;*kPfbPf\

udk,fawGUrS .../) (pm? 116)

20/ xkHepd ka&m*gESif h qifwkH;rEG,f ...

xkHepdka&m*g\vu©PmrSm pm;íaumif;jcif;? tdyfaysmfjcif;? "mwfcsKyfoefjcif;? toHrxGufjcif;? udk,fum,

atmufydkif; xkHusOfudkufcJ? av;vH? azma&mifjcif;wdkYjzpfygonf/

,if;a&m*gtwGuf qifwkH;rEG,f 1ydómudk EkyfEkyfpOf;í qefykH;&nf 1 ydóm? qm; 20usyfom;xnfhí

cef;atmifvSef;NyD; trIefYjyKyg/ avvkHaom ykvif;wGifxnfhí vufzuf&nfZGef;i,fESifh wpfaeYokH;Budrf rSefrSef pm;oGm;yg/

&uftenf;i,ftwGif; aysmufuif;oGm;ygrnf .../ (pm? 116)

(orm;awmfpmapmif (7 - 10) OD;xGef;vIdif rtlyifNrdKU\ wdkif;&if;aq;ynmESD;aESmyGJBuD;wGif zwfMum; wifjyonfh

pmwrf;rS aumufEkwfcsuf .../)

21/ avief;ESif h qifwkH;rEG,f? &Sm;apmif;vufyyf? ysm;&nf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf\ ig;q? qifwkH;rEG,fudk xnfhí ysm;&nfESifh Budwfpm;aomf aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 117)

22/ rD;,yfydefvsufqm;ESif h qifwkH;rEG,f ...

qifwkH;rEG,f 1ydómudk tajr§;cGmxm;/ qm;okH;q,fom; xyfavmif;xnfh? aygif;jyKvdkuf? aeaoGUvSef;?

a&cef;rS rIefYjyK&m rD;,yfydef[lorQ uRJ? EGm;rSrvGwf ay;vQufzdkY&m a0'ema&m*guGm? ydefajcmufol pdkvm&onf

aq;rsm;oeif; .../ (pm? 117)

23/ ava&m*gESif h qD;oD; ...

bk&m;&Sif ava&m*gjzpfí &SiftmeE´mtm; ytkef;&nf tvªcHap&m orm;awmfwpfOD;u qD;oD;udk av;cGuf

wpfcGufwifusKdí qufuyf vª'gef;onfukd bkOf;ay;&í bk&m;&Sif avema&m*g aysmufawmfrlavonf .../ (pm? 134)

24/ rsufpda&m*gESif h wrmoD; ...

wrm&nfukd ... rsufpdü cwfay;cJhaomf rsufpd,m;,Hjcif;? yljcif;? rsuf&nfylusjcif;wkdYukd aysmufuif;

apygonf .../ (pm? 142)

25/ qD;a&m*gESif h wrmoD; ...

wrmoD;ukd aeYpOf pm;ay;yg ... qD;a&m*gaysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 142)

26/ jrif;o½dkufem\ vu©Pm ...

0rf;roGm;bJ avcsKyfjcif;? wpfcgw&H 0rf;AkdufESifh &ifrSmjynfhusyfaejcif;? NrD;an§mifhESifh cg;qpfpDrS udkufcJí?

0rf;rSm ... yspfcRJ? aoG;ovdyfuJhokdY oGm;jcif;? &Hzef ... pjrif;? &Hzef ... aoG;qif;jcif;wkdYonf ... jrif;o½kdufem\

vu©Pmrsm;yifwnf; .../ (pm? 143)

27/ &Sm;apmif;vufywfESif h a&m*gtrsK d;rsK d; ...

umrpdwfcef;ajcmufa&m*g? rD;,yfydef? rD;,yfvGef? rD;,yfenf;? tjzLqif;? rpm;csif raomufcsifjzpfjcif;?

ydefBuHKjcif;? rl;a0atmhtefavh&Sdjcif;? tpGJyluyfouJhokdY jzpfjcif;? oaE¨ysuf jcif;? usef;rmygvsuf oaE¨rwnfjcif;?

om;tdrftm;enf;jcif;? EkdYxGuftm;enf;jcif;? rD;,yfa0'emtrsKd;rsKd;? a,mufsm; 'lvma&m*g .../

51


þa&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;twGuf &Sm;apmif;vufyyf 25usyfom;ukd ... ysm;&nf 50usyfom;wGif xnfhí pdrfxm;/

wpfaeY ESpfZGef;cefY pm;yg/ tm;enf;olrsm;twGuf &Sm;apmif;vufyyfukd ... tcGHrETmbJ a&pifatmifaq;NyD; EkyfEkyfpOf;í

ysm;&nfwGif pdrfxm;yg .../ (pm? 145)

(wpfenf;) ... &Sm;apmif;vufyyf? ysm;&nf? axmywf? xef;vsuf? EGm;EdkY þig;yg;ukd qwla&mí ajrtkd;ESifh

jzpfap ... aMu;tkd;ESifhjzpfap ... tkd;oefYoefYwGif rwl;rjcpfatmif csufí? eHeuf? nOfh ... wpfaeY ESpfZGef;cefY pm;ygav

.../ (pm? 145)

(wpfenf;) ... &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpfwpfydóm? xef;vsuf 5usyfom;? ysm;&nf 35usyfom;? EGm;EdkY

tpdwfom;? axmywftpdwfom; ... tm;vkH;ukd rwl;rjcpfatmifcsufí prkefrsKd;ig;yg; toifhtwifh xnfhNyDD; pm;ygav/

aoG;? 0rf;? qD;? av ... "mwfav;yg; rQwygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 146)

28/ 'lvm? rD;,yftm;wdk;aq;ESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpf1 ydóm? xef;vsuf25usyfom;? ysm;&nf 25usyfom;? refusnf;rSnfh 25usyfom;

prkefrsKd;ig;yg; &SpfyJom;pD? oratmifarTí tkd;oefYoefYwGif rwl;rjcpfatmifcsufyg/ t&omaumif;NyD;

aq;aMumufwwfaom trsKd;orD;rsm;yifvsif t&omawGUíBudKufESpfoufpGm pm;ygvdrfhrnf.../

eHeuf? nOfh ... wpfaeY (2)Budrf pm;ygav/ "mwfaysmhaysmhoGm;í a,mufsm;? rdef;rpm;okH;Ekdifygonf/ tpmaMu?

&ifacsmif? qD;? 0rf;? avrSefí ... "mwfav;yg;rQwapygonf .../ (pm? 146)

("mwfav;yg; = qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av ) .../

29/ wnif;oD;qm;pdrf&nfESif h qD;csK da&m*g...

wnif;oD;qm;pdrf&nfukdaomuf qD;csKda&m*gaysmufuif;onf/ qD;csKda&m*g[lonfrSm trsKd;tpm;rsm;

vSonf/ qD;vGefí teHYr&Sdaom a&iwfonfh qD;csKda&m*gtwGufom aumif;onf/ tjcm;qD;csKda&m*gtwGuf

tusKd;rjyKay .../ ( pm? 151)

30/ (96)yg;aq;BuD;ESif h xef;vsuf? MuufoGef ...

xef;vsuf 15usyfom;? rif;wkef;MuufoGefOeDuav; "m;ESifhvSD;NyD; 5usyfom;? odaE¨mqm; trIefYjyK

wpfrwfom;? ¤if;aq;tr,frsm;ukd EGm;axmywf 10usyfom;? MuufoGef ruRrf;½kHaMumfí rD;zkdrScsum tat;cHNyD;

ysm;&nf 10usyfom;ESifh pyfe,fum zefAl;ESifh xnfhxm;yg/ aeYpOf ... eHeuf? aeYvnf? tdyf,m0if vufzuf&nfZGef;ESifh

wpfZGef;armufarmuf pm;oHk;yg .../ ( pm? 154)

aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm;rSm ...

(1) toHrxGuf? toHysuf ...

(2) aoG;0rf; ...

(3) tpmrSm;?aq;rSm; ...

(4) qD;csKda&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; ...

(5) umrpdwfukefcrf;aoma&m*g ...

(6) qHyifjzL ...

(7) qHyifuRwf ...

(8) temayguf ...

(9) aoG;om;rrSef ...

(10) ta&jym;a&m*g ...

(11) aoG;qkH;a&m*g ...

(12) tom;ta&mifnpfjcif; ...

(13) tdyfraysmf? pm;r0if ...

52


(14) acR;ikyfa&m*g ... ponfwkdYjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 154)

31/ yef;emaq;ESif h MuufoGefeD? yifpdrf;? xef;vsuf ...

xef;vsuf? MuufoGefeD? awmyifpdrf;½Guf okH;yg;udk nufatmifBudwfNyD;vQif qD;jzLoD;cefY pm;ygav .../

(pm? 156)

32/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESif h ukef;xdu½kH; ...

tjrpfukd jyKwfaomufcJhaomf ... ausmufukdaysmfí uGJusaponf .../ (pm? 159)


33/ vdyfacgif;jrif;o½kdufemESif h ukef;xdu½kH; ...

ukef;xdu½kH;t½Guf 12yJom;ukd? trIefYjyKí EkdYESifha&maomufyg/ jrif;o½kduf vdyfacgif;a&m*gwkdYtwGuf

tusKd;jyKonf .../ (pm? 159)

34/ qD;vGefa&m*gESif h ukef;xdu½kH; ...

ukef;xdu½kH;t½Gufukd Budwfí qD;ckHwGif tkHay;cJhaomf qD;vGefa&m*gaysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 159)

35/ ESif;claysmufaq;ESif h ukef;xdu½kH; ...

xdu½kH; yÍöig;yg;ukd tuRrf;avSmfNyD; trIefYaxmif;? tkef;qDESifhazsmf? rD;aEG;aEG;jyNyD; vdrf;vQifaysmuf\ .../

(pm? 160)


36/ tazmusaq;ESif h ukef;xdu½kH; ...

xdu½kH;wpfyifvkH; (yÍöig;yg; ) ukdBudwfí ... a&tenf;i,fESifh yspfyspfazsmf? MuufawmifESifhvl;ay;yg .../ (pm?

160)

37/ temyqkyfESif h xdu½kH; ...

xdu½kH;&nfukd vdrf;ygav .../ (pm? 160)

38/ 0NzKd;vSyapaomaxmywfaq; ...

axmywf? ysm;&nf? oMum;? xef;vsuf 5 usyfom;pDukd? ayG;ukdif; 5usyfom;ESifh awNyD; zefAl;wGif xnfhí

uGrf;oD;vkH;cefY aeYpOf pm;okH;yg/ "mwfav;yg; nDñGwfapNyD; vSy0NzdK;vmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 163)

39/ aoG;tm;wkd;aq;BuD;ESif h axmywf ...

axmywf 10usyfom;ukd usufatmifcsuf? MuufoGefeD 10usyfom;? &Sm;apmif;vufyyf 10usyfom;?

,if;ESpfyg; tnufaxmif;NyD; xnfhyg/ xkdYaemuf ...ysm;&nf? xef;vsuf 10usyfom;pD xnhfNyD; rwl;rjcpfatmifcsuf/

<uufNrD;wef;vsifcs .../

eHeuf? nOfh ... [if;pm;ZGef; wpfZGef;pD aeYpOf okH;oGm;yg .../ (pm? 163)

40/ touf&Snfawaq;BuD;ESif h axmywf ...

53


axmywf? ysm;&nf? qm;ykyf? refusnf;oD;rSnfh ... ,if;av;rsdK; wpfq,fom;pD ... oratmifawNyD;

aeokH;&ufvSef;í eHeuf? nOfh qD;uif;cefYpm;/ "mwfav;yg; nDñGwfNyD; usef;rm0NzdK; tiftm;wkd;aq;BuD; jzpfygonf

.../ (pm? 163)

41/ tdyfraysmfjcif;ESif h axmywf ...

axmywfxrif;csufpm;yg ... axmywfESifh xrif;ukde,fpm;yg .../ ( pm? 163)

o Q o Q o

54


(9) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf (1)

eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzJG U

yxrtBudrf? 2005? rwfv/ wefzk d; 500usyf/ eu©wåa&mifjcnfpmtkyfwkduf .../

1/ oGm;zk H;a&mifESif h xkH; ...

a&mifaeaom oGm;zkH;ae&mwGifuGrf;pm;xHk;ukd okwfxm;vkdufyg/ cPtMumwGif oGm;zkH;tm; vufjzifh

tomt,m zdcsvkduf&m jynfaygufoGm;NyD; ta&miftwif; eDjref;jcif;rsm; r&dSawmhbJ oufom

aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf/ xkH;onf at;onfukd ylapí ylonfukd at;apaom owåd&Sdonf/ aemufNyD;

avmifpm;wwfaom owådvnf;&Sdonf .../ aeYpOf ZJG&dS&dS vkyfygu uyfy,ftdwf rlvtajctaeodkY

jyefa&mufoGm;vdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 13)

2/ rkwfa&m*g? abmBuD;a&m*gESif h 'DZ,fqD? ESrf;qD ...

trsKd;om;rsm; uyfy,ftdwf BuD;xGm;vmjcif;jzpfonf/ 'DZ,f 1ZGef;? ESrf;qD 1ZGef; oratmifa&mNyD; *Grf;ESifh

wkdYum uyfy,ftdwf wpfckvkH;ukd ae&mtESHY yg;yg;okwfvdrf;yg/ wpfaeY (7)BudrfcefY vdrf;vQif tqD&nfrsm;

pdrfhxGufvmvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 13)

3/ oGm;udkufa&m*gESif h &J,kdoD;jym ...

&J,kdoD;ukd tajcmufvSef; jymcsyg/ jymukd EkaeatmifcsNyD;rS oGm;xJukdodyfyg .../ (pm? 17)

4/ ,m;em? wif;wdyf? 0JESif;clESif h oyGwfcg; ...

oyGwfcg;oD;tpkdESifh 0JESif;clae&mtm; Budrfzefrsm;pGm yGwfwkdufay;jcif;jzifh ,m;em[lorQ ... wpfcPtwGif;

odompGm aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 20)

5/ avjzwf? pum;roGufjcif;ESif h oyGwfcg;oD; ...

avjzwfolrsm; pum;ajymqkdrI roGufvufvQif oyGwfcg;tpkdtm; aeYpOf ykHrSefeif;ay;½kHESifh odomxif&Sm;pGm

oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 20)

6/ qD;yl?qD;atmifhESif h eEGif;rIef Y ? qD;jzLoD;? ysm;&nf ...

(1) eEGif;rIefY ... 1usyfom;cefY

(2) qD;jzLoD; ... 10vkH;cefYudk owåK&nfñSpf,lyg/

(3) ysm;&nf ... 2usyfom;cefY

txufyg okH;rsKd;ukd a<uyef;uefxJ xnfhNyD; rMumcP vsufay;yg/ a&rsm;rsm; aomufay;yg/ 2&uf ESifh

oufom aysmufuif;ygonf/ tyltpyfjzpfaom csif;? i½kwf? MuufoGef avQmhpm;yg .../ ( pm? 25)

7/ oGm;ukdufa&m*gESif h uyfpD;ES JoD;trIef Y ...

csKHawmwkd;&if uyfap;ESJoD;awG uyfygvmwwfygw,f/ tJ'DuyfapESJoD;ukd uRrf;atmifavSmf? trIefYaxmif; NyD;

ykvif;eYJxnfh oGm;udkuf&ifodyf/ (5)rdepftwGif; oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ ( pm? 35)

8/ acgif;udkufjcif;ESif h iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ...

acgif;xkd;? acgif;ukdufojzifh ezl;? exifponfwGif w'def;'def;rnfaeouJokdY cHpm;ae&aomtcg

iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;tm; yg;yg;vSD;í em;xifwGif uyfxm;ygu cPcsif;yif a0'emoufomapygonf/ iSufaysmoD;

ajcmufoGm;vQif topfvJuyfyg .../ (pm? 49)

55


9/ "mwfrwnfhí ,m;,Hjcif;ESif h qefvufwpfqkyf? eEGif;rIef Y ...

ydef;½kd;? ydef;O? acG;v,m;½Gufponf ,m;,Hapaom opfO? opf½Gufrsm; xdudkifrdí ta&jym;,m;,Hygu qef

vufwpfqkyfcefYwGif eEGif;rIefY tenf;i,f xnfhí? yGwfe,fay;ygu t,m;t,Haysmufaponf .../ (pm? 50)

10/ 0rf;avQm? 0rf;ukdufESif h a&aEG;Murf;? ysm;&nf ...

Budrfzefrsm;pGm 0rf;oGm;? 0rf;udkuf? tpm;rSm;? 0rf;avQmjcif;rsm;twGuf vufzufajcmuf (tMurf;) usus?

wpfzefcGuftwGif;rSm ysm;&nf wpfzefcGuf\ okH;ykHwpfykHcefY a&mpyfum 0rf;oGm;wkdif; aomufay;yg/ okH;Budrfxuf

ykdaomuf&jcif;r&Sd/ 0rf;&yf? avvnfí oufomaysmufuif;ap\ .../ (pm? 52)

11/ oGm;a&m*gESif h wrm½k d; ...

tbGm;[m ...aeYwkdif; wrm½kd;eJY oGm;wkdufay;wm tkdwJhtxd aooGm;onfhwkdifatmif oGm;rusKd;?

oGm;rukdufbJ ckdifcefYoGm;ygw,f .../ (pm? 63)

12/ 'lvmvdyfacgif;? aoG;0rf;ESif h tifwGJrIef Y ? xef;vsuf ...

tifwGJvufwpfqpfcefY? xef;vsufwpfcJ (taysmh)/ tifwGJrIefYESifh xef;vsuftaysmhukd a&mvkH;í rdrd

rsKdEkdifavmufonfh t&G,f (3)vkH; vHk;yg/ a&at;? a&aEG; BudKuf&mESifh wpfcgaomuf (3)vkH;/ wpfBudrf? ESpfBudrf

aomuf½kHrQESifh ododomom oufom aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 61)

13/ qD;yla&m*gESif h aumuf½k d;jyKwf? oMum; ...

tyl'Pf cH&vGef;ívnf;aumif;? tanmif;xkdif&vGef;ívnf;aumif;? atmifhxm;&vGef;íaomfvnf;aumif;?

&ufvMumcJhaomf ... qD;0g? qD;eD? qD;atmifh? qD;wpfpufwpfpufjzpfjcif;? qD;oGm;ír0jcif;? qD;usefjcif;? qD;ckd;½kdufí

rsufpda0jcif;? rIefjcif;jzpfcJhvQif pyg;yifrS &aomaumuf½kd; vufwGif;wpfqkyfukd tMurf;yef;uefvkH;ESifh

okH;cGufwpfcGufwifusef jyKwfNyD; oMum;ig;rwfom; xnfhaomufyg/ a0'em ESpf? vESifh csDí MumcJhNyDqkdvQif (2)&uf rS

(5)&uftwGif; aomuf&rnfjzpfNyD; a0'em&ufykdif;twGif;qkdygu (1)BudrfrQESifh oufom aysmufuif;ygonf/ eHeuf? n

(2)Budrf? wpfBudrfvQif tMurf;yef;uefwpfvkH; aomufyg .../ (pm? 72)

14/ om;onfrdcifrsm; Ek d Yacsmif;ydwfESif h i½kwf½GufjyKwf&nftaiGU ...

i½kwf½Guf vufwGif;wpfqkyfukd ajrtkd;i,fwGif a&tenf;i,fxnfhí a&qlvmatmifjyKwfyg/ qlvQiftkd;ukd

rD;zkday:rScsNyD; tkd;rsufESm0ukd t0wfpnf;yg/ om;onfrdcifonf apmifxlxl acgif;NrD;jcKHxkdifNyD; t0wfpnf;xm;onfh

i½kwf½GufjyKwf&nftkd;ukd t0wfxlxlcHí aygifay:wifxm;NyD; i½kwf½GufjyKwf&nf taiGUukd ydwfonfh EkdYoD;acgif;

atmufü (15)rdepfrS rdepf (20)cefY cHay;&rnf/ wpfaeY (2)Budrf (odkY) (3)Budrfxd vkyfyg .../ tvG,fwul oufom

aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 73)

15/ rD;avmifemESif h iSufaysmoD;rSnfh ...

rD;avmif? a&aEG;ylavmif? xrif;a&yl avmifygu avmifaomae&mukd iSufaysmoD;rSnfhtkHay;yg/ at;í tylzk

raygufbJ rMumrDaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 90)

16/ ajcz0g;uGJtufemESif h aq;uwå&m (coata) ... ajcz0g;uGJtufemukd aq;uwå&m (coata) vdrf;ay;yg/ trSefyif oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 103)

17/ touf&SLusyf? armyef;jcif;ESif h a&SmufoD;tEk ...

56


vQmrSm ovdyfuyfNyD; jzLvmr,f ... xlvmr,fqkd&if touf&SLr0awmhbl; ...acsmif;rqkd;bJ &ifusyfwJh

arma&m*g&JU Zpfjrpfvu©PmyJ/ a&SmufEkoD;t&nfeJY vQmukdyGwfay;yg/ tjzLa&mifukefNyD; eDjref;vmonftxd wpfywfrS

okH;ywfavmuftxd vkyfyg/ touf&SL0NyD; usyfwm? armwm? oufomr,f? xrif;pm;ysufwmjyefaumif; oGm;r,f/

wpfvrMumcif bmaq;rS raomuf&bJ aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfr,f .../ ( pm? 120)

18/ aq;zuf0ifBudwfrSef ...

(1) trsKdorD;rsm; BudwfrSef½Gufukd a&aEG;azsmí wkdYjr§Kyfpm;jcif;? t½Gufukd t&dyfwGif tajcmufvSef;í

vufzufajcmuftpm; a&aEG;Murf;jyKí aomufjcif;jzifh aoG;om;nDñGwfítdyfaysmfapygonf .../

(2) t&G,fa&mufNyD; trsKdorD;rsm; BudwfrSef½Gufukd tpdrf; (okdY) a&aEG;azsmí wpfv (2)BudrfcefY yJrIefY?

qDcsufwkdYjzifh okyfpm;ygu &moDrSefonf .../

(3) om;zGm;NyD;p rdcifrsm; BudwfrSef½Gufukd [if;cg;csufaomufygu EkdYxGufoefapygonf .../

(4) ae&dyfwGif tajcmufvSef;xm;aom BudwfrSef½Gufukd tkef;qDwGif pdrfxm;ygu ta&mifrsm; pdrf;arSmifvmygrnf/

¤if;ukd vdrf;ay;ygu yGJvrf;oGm;pOf cPwmtwGuf jzLaeaom qHyifrsm; teufa&mif oef;oGm;apjcif; .../

(5) av;? ig;&uf ... qHyifjzLrsm; eufoGm;apvkdygu BudwfrSef½GufajcmufrIefY? zefcg;oD;? qD;jzLoD;ajcmufrIefY?

vufzufajcmufrIefY? jrif;cGm½GufrIefY? axmvywf½GufajcmufrIefYrsm;ukd qwla&mí tkef;qDwGif pdrfNyD;vdrf;yg/

(6) temaysmufaomfvnf; temae&mwGif c½koif;uJhokdY jzLaeygu BudwfrSef½Gufpdrf;&nf yspfyspfukdvdrf;ygu

rlvtom;ta&mif jyefjzpfjcif; .../ (pm? 105)

19/ om;onfrdcifrsm; Ek d Yacsmif;ydwfESif h &J,dk½Guf ...

om;onfrdcifrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfjcif;? EkdYaumifpGmrxGufjcif; pwJha0'emawGYMuHKawGYygu &J,dk½Guf 4? 5 ½Gufukd

jyKwfNyD; wkdYpm;? okyfpm;ay;jcif;jzifh oufomapEkdifonf .../ (pm? 69)

(pmukd;? vjynfh0ef;r*¾Zif;? trSwf...124/ 2006 ' march . pmrsufESm 69 ...)

20/ tckd;ydwf? taMumwif;a&m*gESif h uGrf;½k d; ...

uGrf;½kd; vufwpfqkyf? ESpfqkyfpmukd a&wpftkd;avmufeJYjyKwf/ qlyGufvm&if tat;cH/ cyfaEG;aEG;vkyfNyD;

tESHavmif;csKd;/ tckd;yGifhí vef;qef;ayghyg; oGufvufvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 110 )

21/ ESvHk;tm;aumif;onfh cs&m; (okd Y) ca& ...

cs&m;ESifh ca&rSm twlwlyifjzpfygonf/

(1) rdwfrsm;xGufvGef;í,m;vQif? rdwfBuD;rsm;xGufíraeEkdif? rxkdifEkdifjzpfvQif...

ca&yGifhESifh qm;ukdaoG;vdrf;ay;yg .../

(2) ESvkH;a&m*g&Sdolrsm; ca&yGifhajcmufukd acgif;tkH;vkyf tdyfyg/

a&m*gEkvQif aysmuf\/ &ifhvQifoufom\ .../

(3) tyGifhukd tNrJ&SLí tacguf\ twGif;om;ukd jyKwfí aomufay;ygu

ESvkH;a&m*gukd aysmufuif;apygonf .../

(4) ca&acgufukd oHk;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfí tMurf;yef;uefwpfvkH; wpfaeokH;Budrfaomufyg/

qD;wGif tESpfte,fygjcif;ukd aysmufuif;apygonf .../

(5) ca&acgufukd pdrffí tat;&nf (azsmf&nf) jyKvkyfaomufay;jcif;jzifh qD;tdrfESifh qD;vrf;aMumif;rS

anmif;usjcif;? a&m*gukd aysmufapygonf .../ (pm? 114)

22/ pk dajyjynfhNzK d;? tiftm;wkd;ESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ...

tom;ta& pkdajyjynfhNzKd;? tiftm;wkd;í vef;qef;? zsufvwfaeaponfh &Sm;apmif;vwfyyfcsufaq; .../

57


(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 1 ydóm

(2) xef;zkdOD;xef;vsuf ... 40 usyfom;

(3) refusnf;rSnfh ... 5 usyfom;

(4) MuufoGefjzL ... 5 usyfom;

(5) BudwfrSef½GufrIefY (t&dyfxJvSef;) ... 1 usyfom;

(6) prkefrsKd; (5)yg; trIefY ... 1 usyfom;

(7) ESrf;qDppfppf ... 2.5 usyfom;

(8) ysm;&nf ... csdefqxnfh

1/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfukd a&pifatmifaq;yg/ ab;rSapmif; (ql;) rsm;ukd "m;jzifh vSD;ypfyg/ EkvQifyg;yg; vSD;yg/ &ifhu

tom;ukd jcpf,lNyD; wkH;yg/ tJ'D ... vSD;NyD;om;rsm;ukd ',ftkd;xJxnfhí rD;zkday: wifNyD; jyKwfyg/

2/ xGufvmaom t&nfrsm;ukd qefcgckH;eJY ppf,lyg/ 'Dt&nfrsm;ukd xef;vsufa&mNyD; aMuoGm;atmif BuKdyg/

aMuoGm;ygu ydwfpjzifh ppf,lyg .../

3/ apmapmu &Sm;vufyyftzwfrsm;ukd ydwfpeJY ppf,lxm;wJh t&nfrsm;ESifh BudKyg/

4/ refusnf;rSnfhukda&pifatmifaq;NyD; tESpfwkdufcsyg (qefcgjzifh)/ 'DtESpfrsm;ukd t&nfcef;vkeD;yg;jzpfwJh xef;vsuf?

&Sm;apmif;vufyyftkd;xJ xnfhNyD;a&musKdyg .../

5/ OwpfvkH;MuufoGefjzLukd aygif;tkd;ESifh aygif;yg/ aMunufatmifajcay;yg? aMunufoGm;ygu t&nfcef;vkvk

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf? xef;vsuf? refusnf;rSnfh&Sd&m tkd;xJxnfhyg /

6/ 'Dtdk;ukd rD;enf;enf;eJY rjywfarTay;yg/ t&nfcef;u prkefrsKd; (5)yg; trIeYfxnfhNyD; arTyg/

7/ tkd;cscgeD; ESrf;qDppfppfxnfhNyD; oratmifarTyg? aemufwaeYrSm ... ysm;&nf avmif;xnfhNyD; oratmifarTay;yg/

ysm;&nfukd csdefqNyD;xnfhyg.../

wpfBudrfvQif ... [if;pm;ZGef;wpf0uf eHeuf? n (2)Budrf rSD0Jyg/ EkysdKNyD; OD;aESmufÓmPfukd &Tifapygw,f/

ukefcef; tm;tifrsm; jyefjynfhapygw,f/ tom;ta& jynfhNzKd;pkdajyvmum vef;qef;jzwfvwfaeygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm?

123)

23/ oGm;ukdufoGm;emESif h qefvGwfeEGif;rIef Y ...

oGm;zkH;a&mif? oGm;em? oGm;udkufvQif rD;zkdacsmifokH; eEGif;rIefYppfppf (qefvGwfeEGif;) toihftwifhukd a&aEG;jzifh

azsmfyg/ xkdeEGif;azsmf&nfaEG;ukd yg;pyfwGif; ikHEkdiforQ ikHNyD;axG;ypfyg/ okH;? av;BudrfrQ vkyfvQif aysmufygonf .../ (pm?

148)

24/ qD;csK dESif h ykwD;jzLvufzufajcmuf (ykwD;jzL = awmifqDjzL) ...

ykwD;jzL½Guftm; t&dyfwGif tajcmufvSef; vufzufajcmufozG,fcwfaomuf .../ (pm? 154)

25/ tpmtdrfava&m*gESif h eEGif;oHowfa& ...

eEGif;ppfppfukd a&ESifh ryspfrusJ azsmfyg/ pifMu,fpGmaq;xm;aom ykvif;xJxnfhyg (t0us,fykvif;)/ NyD;u

oHacsmif;&Snf&Snf wpfacsmif;ukd rD;&Jvmatmifzkwfí ykvif;xJokdYESpfxm;vkdufyg/ taiGUukefrS oHacsmif;ukd xkyfyg/

xkdeEGif;oHowfa&ukd xrif;pm;NyD; (15)rdepf tMumwGif qm;rD;zkwfESifh a&maomuf&efjzpfygonf/

eEGif;oHowf&nf [if;cwfZGef; (3)ZGef;wGif qm;rD;zkwf refusnf;aphcefYxnfhyg/ eHeufESifh npm pm;NyD;wkdif;

aomuf&ygrnf/ ESpfcsDa&m*gtwGuf wpfvcefY pGJaomufyg/ a&m*gEkvQifawmh ESpfywfcefY aomuf½kHeJY aysmufuif;

Ekdifygonf .../ ( pm? 152)

58


26/ av;bufema&m*gESif h ajcaxmufqm;a&pdrf ...

tqpftjrpfa&m*g (ac:) ]]a*guf}} a&m*gonf ... tvGefcH&cufaom a&m*gwpfrsLd; jzpfygonf/

tqpftjrpfrsm;? 'lqpfrsm;a&mifNyD; rwfwwf&yfEkdifzkdY cufcJí av;zufaxmufae&ojzifh av;zufema&m*g

[kac:Muonf .../

ukoykHenf;pepfrSm pOfhtifwkHwpfvkH;? a&? qm; ...(3)rsKd;yJ okH;pGJ&ygonf/ vlemtm; ukozkdY a&wpf*gvHukd

yGufyGufqlatmif usKdcsufyg/ qm;tpdyfom;xnfhxm;wJh pOfhtifwkHxJokdY a&yGufyGufqlaom a&aEG;ukd

avmif;xnfhvkdufyg/ a&cyfaEG;aEG;jzpfoGm;onftxd apmifhNyD; a&aEG;aEG;av;xJ ajcaxmufESpfzufpvkH; wpfNyKdifeuf

em&D0ufcefY pdrfNyD;rS tdyf&m0ifyg/ aeYpOfvkyfay;vQif av;zufema&m*g wjznf;jznf; aysmufuif;vmygvdrfhrnf/

ajcaxmufukd t0wfajcmufjzifhokwfNyD;rS ... tdyf&m0ifyg .../

þenf;ukd a&m*gr&Sdolrsm;vnf; jyKvkyfEkdifygonf/ ukd,fvufrsm; ayghyg;oGufvufNyD; usefrma&;aumif;rGef

vmaMumif; cHpm;&rnfjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 147)

(pmudk;? vjynfh0ef;r*¾Zif;/ trSwf 124? 2006 'march. pmrsufESm ... 147)

27/ tqpfa&mifa&m*gESif h w½kwfpum;yif ...

tqpfa&mif (ajczaESmifh? 'l;qpf) a&m*gtwGuf w½kwfpum;yifteDyGifh tjrpfwpfydómukd a&aq;? tcGHoif?

"m;ESifhyg;yg;vSD;NyD;? a&okH;ydómESifhusKdyg wpfydómusefvQif xef;zkdxef;vsuf 25usyfom;xnfhusKdyg/ xkdaemuf

tat;cHNyD; eHeuf? aeYvnf? n [if;pm;ZGef;ESifh (2)ZGef;pD pm;yg/ (7)ESpf cHpm;&aoma&m*gukd (7)&ufESifh aysmufuif;

oufomygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 156)

28/ twufa&m*gESif h oHyk&moHowf&nf ...

rD;zkdacsmifokH;"m;wpfvufukd a&pifatmifaq;? t0wfjzifhokwf? rD;usD&J&JwGifzkwf? tawmftoifh ylvmygu

atmufrSa<uyef;uefcHí rD;tHk;xm;aom"m;ay:okdY oHyk&moD;ukdn§pfcsyg/ ¤if;cyfaEG;aEG;&nfukd wufoltm;

wkdufay;yg .../ (pm? 160)

twufa&m*gukdatmifEkdifaom...oHyk&moHowf&nf jzpfygonf .../

29/ wif;wdyfESif h axmywfoD;aph? ausmufcsOf ...

axmywfoD;taphukd tajcmufvSef;? ausmufcsOfenf;enf;xnfhNyD; aoG;yg/ aeYpOf pGJvdrf;yg/ wpfESpfvnf;

ausmfa&m r½dSoavmufjzpfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 164)

30/ tqpftjrpfxkHusOfukdufcJa&m*gESif h Z0ufom? oHvGifqD ...

teYHjyif;aomZ0ufom wpfusyfom;tm; oHvGifqD ESpfusyfom;a&mí tzkH;vHkaomykvif;wGif xnfhum

&uftwefMumatmif ykvif;ukdvIyfay;yg/ Z0ufomt&nfaysmf&ef wpfcgw&H &ufru vESifhcsDí Mumwwfygonf/

aocsmpGm a&mpyfoGm;aomtcg ¤if;aq;&nftm; vdrf;ay;½kHjzifh tqpftjrpf xkHusOfudkufcJjcif;? avat;rdí

udk,fvuf rvIyf&Sm;Ekdifjcif;? 'lvmudkifjcif;? yef;em&ifusyfESifh tat;aMumifhjzpfaom a0'emrsm;twGuf oufom

aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf .../

txl;ojzifh owdjyK&efrSm aq;okH;NyD;aomf aq;udkifaomvufukd pifMu,fpGm aq;aMumyg/ aq;&nfESifh

rsufvkH; rxdrdap&ef owdxm;yg/ aq;&nfylvGef;ae&if oHvGifqD xyfxnfhyg/ tu,fí a0'em rjyif;xefvQif

þaq;ukd tokH;rjyKbJ tjcm;y½kwfqDpaom vdrf;aq;rsm;ukdom okH;yg .../ (pm? 168)

31/ azma&mifa&m*gESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

vljrifraumif;atmif azma&mifNyD;? rdrdcE¨mukd,f atmufykdif; wpfckvHk;ukd qGJr&awmhwmaMumifh

pdwfysuftm;i,fNyD; tdyf&mxJ vJaeolukd jyefaumif;apwJh aq;enf; jzpfygw,f/

59


(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf twGif;tjzLom; (tESpf) ... 10 usyfom;

(2) MuufoGef (rif;wkef;) "m;jzifhyg;yg;vSD; ... 10 usyfom;

(3) xef;vsuf ... 10 usyfom;

txufyg (3)rsKd;ukd a&oifh½kHa&mí ,kdjzpfvmonftxd usKdyg/ NyD;vQif ... rD;zkdrScsí tat;cHyg/ wpfaeY

(2)Budrf ... eHeuf? n wpfBudrfvQif vufzufpm;wpfZGef; ,Hk,HkMunfMunfpm;oGm;ygu tazma&m*g? csrf;wpfcg? yl

wpfvSnfha&m*g? csrf;pdrfhpdrfh zsm;csifovkdvkd a&m*grsm; oufomaysmufuif;ap Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 170)

32/ qHyifeufaq; (BudwfrSef? qD;jzL) ...

BudwfrSef½GufESifh taphxkwfxm;aomqD;jzLoD; qwla&mí Budwfyg/ MuufqlqD 5qjzifh pdrfyg/ rD;aEG;aEG;wGif

wpfem&DcefYxm;yg/ okdYr[kwf aeylylrSm vSef;yg/ xkdqDukd OD;a&xdatmif vdrf;í ODa&ukdESdyfay;yg/ jrefrmwa&mf?

uifyGef;jzifhom acgif;avQmfyg/ jzLvQif jyefeufvmygvdrfrnf/ BudwfrSef½GufESifh qD;jzLoD;ukd trIefYjyK? ysm;&nfESifh awNyD;

okH;aqmifyg .../ (pm? 172)

33/ tom;rmESif h wrm½Guf?*sK HrIef Y ...

wrm½Guf? *sKHrIefY qwlBudwf tom;rmay: tkHay; .../

wpfaeYokH;Budrf aq;vJay; .../

tjrpfuRwfwJh txdtkH/ tjrpfuRwf&ifaysmufNyD .../ (pm? 177)

34/ <uufEk d Y ?tom;rm? rS J YESif hoabFmyif ...

oabFm½kd;wpf½kd;cl;NyD; tap;xGufaewJh oabFm½kd;&JUt&if;ykdif;eJY <uufEkdYtpfrBuD; (yxraygufonfh<uufEkdY)

ukd wjznf;jznf;yGwfwkdufay;yg/ vdktyfygu aemufxyf oabFm½kd;wpf½kd;cl;NyD; yGwfwkdufay;yg/ aoG;pkdYvmrnf/

xGufvmaomaoG;ukd t0wfoefYoefYjzifh oefY&Sif;ay;yg/ NyD;vQif oabFm½GufBudwftkHí ywfwD;pnf;ay;xm;yg/ 3&uf

rS 6&ufxdaeYpOfjyKvkyfay;&ygr,f/

tom;rmuawmh ajczaemifh? ajcz0g; ponfwkdYrSmjzpfwwfygw,f/ oabFmoD;tpdrf; rEkr&ifh wpfvkH;cl;NyD;

tn§mbufu tom;ukd vufwpfvkH;cefYtxl t0kdif;vkdufvSD;yg/ NyD;utap;xGufwJh rsufESmjyifeJY tom;rmukdyGwf

wkdufay;yg/ EkdY&nf (tap;) ukefoGm;ygu aemufwpf0kdif;vSD;NyD; yGwfwkdufyg/ wpfaeY wpfBudrf em&D0ufcefY yGwfwkduf

NyD; tom;rmukd oeyfcg; (tjrpf) tppfeJY aoG;NyD; xlxlvdrf;xm;yg/ v0ufrS wpfvcGJcefY txd pdwf&Snf&Snf

yGwfwkdufay;&rSm jzpfygw,f .../

ig;rsufpd? rSJYtyg;rsm;? tom;ykdi,frsm;? ql; pl;rd&mu jzpfay:vmwJ tom;rmrsm;ukdawmh oabFm½kd; t&if;

(tap;xGufwJhbuf) ueJY yGwfwkdufay;yg/ wpfBudrf 10rdepf av;? ig;&ufcefY vkyfay;vQif oufomaysmuf

uif;ygw,f .../ (pm? 182)

35/ acsmif;qkd;aoG;ygESif h zk Hrodef½Guf ...

zkHrodef½Gufukd xkaxmif;um ¤if;owåK&nfESifh oMum; aumfzDZGef; wpfZGef;cefYpDxnfhNyD; wkdufvQif

acsmif;qkd;NyD; wHawG;axG;wkdif;? ovdyf[yfxkyfwkdif; aoG;ygaoma&m*g aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 184)

36/ 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQma&m*gESif h ydawmufacguf ...

&moDra&G; txl;ojzifh rkd;&moDrsm;wGif 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQm? 0rf;udkufa&m*grsm;jzpfvQif wpfem&DtwGif;

(10)Budrf? (15)BudrfoGm;ygap aoG;0rf;ukdufjzpfap? avESifh "mwfruGJbJjzpfap? tm;vkH;ukd yGJawGYoufomaysmuf

uif;apygonf/

aq;enf;rSm ydawmufyif&ifh&ifh? tacgufxlxl 1ydóm? odMum;jzL 25 usyfom;? a&jrKyfatmifxnfh/

tdk;opfeJY okH;cGufwpfcGufwifusKd? tat;cH? ydwfyg;ESifh ppfxm;yg/

60


wpfcgaomuf vlBuD; tMurf;yef;uefwpf0uf? vlvwf [if;pm;ZGef; (2)ZGef;? uav; wpfZGef;?

wpfaeYokH;Budrf aomufyg/ a&aEG;ESifh aomufyg/ a&at;ESifh vkH;0raomuf&/ a&m*goufomvQif aq;avQmhaomuf

yg/ tpmraMuEkdifaomtpmrsm;ukd a&Smifyg .../ (pm? 186)

37/ xdck duf? zl;a&mif? taMumrsufESif h oHyk&moD; ...

ajcaxmufukd wpfpkHwpf&mESifh xdckdufrdNyD; zla&mifjcif;? taMumrsufjcif;jzpfygu oHyk&moD;ukd

ESpfjcrf;jcrf;vkdufyg/ ajrpavmif;ukd rD;zkday:yufvufvSefwifNyD; cPtMum jcrf;xm;wJh oHyk&moD;ukd,lNyD; ajczrkd;

('Pf&may:) arSmuf jznf;jznf;csif; tylcHEkdifoavmuf vufeJY zdyGwfyg .../

t&nfawGxGufvmr,f/ tylcHEkdifoavmufyGwfyg/ tenf;i,f at;oGm;NyDqkd&if pavmif;zkH;ay: oHyk&moD;

arSmufwif usefwpfjcrf;ukd,lNyD; qufyGwfyg/ wpfaeY (10)BudrfrQvkyfyg/ ESpf&ufcefY vkyfNyD;vQif oufomvm

ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 188)

38/ cg;udkuf? cg;emESif h oabFm½Guf ...

oabFm½GufEkESpf½Guf? okH;½Gufavmufcl;NyD; a&pifatmifaq;/ NyD;awmh ... ajcmufatmifokwf/ emaewJh

ae&mw0kduf cg;? 0rf;Akduf ywfywfvnfjynfhatmif uyfay;xm;vkduf/ aemuft0wfyg;yg;eJY tay:uxyf ywfNyD;tdyf/

aemufwaeY eHeuftdyf&mxcsdefrSm oabFm½GufawG n§KdEGrf;oGm;NyD; cg;ema0'emvnf; ,lypfovkd aysmufoGm; vdrfr,f

.../ (pm? 199)

39/ t½kd;usD;aygif;wufa&m*gESif h a&Smuf½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf ...

vnfyif;aemufbuf ukyfykd;ü usD;aygif;wufa&m*gjzpfvQif rcHr&yfEkdifatmif emusif ukdufcJwwfygonf/

ukxkH;rSm a&Smuf½Guf vufwpfqkyf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf vufwpfqkyf qwlukd t0wfoefYoefYwGif a&mxkyfyg/

rD;zkday:wGif a&aEG;tkd;wnfyg/ tkd;tzkH;wGif taygufi,fav;rsm;azmufxm;&ygrnf/ aq;xkyf 2xkyf? 3xkyf

vkyfxm;yg/ xkyfxm;aom aq;xkyfrsm;ukd tzkH;ay:wifí tay:rS tzkH;wpfckxyftkyfyg .../

a&aEG;aiGUaMumifh aq;xkyfylvmaomtcg ukdufcJ emusifaomae&mukd Muyfxkyfxkd;yg/ aq;xkyfwpfxkyfNyD;

wpfxkyf vJvS,fí wpfem&DcefY Muyfxkyfxkd;ay;jcif;jzifh wpfaeYwpfjcm; oufomaysmufuif;vmygvdrfhrnf/ wpf&uf

ESpf&ufavmuf vkyfMunfhír& pdwf&Snf&Snfxm;NyD; aeYpOfqufwkdufjyKvkyfay;yg .../ (pm? 222)

40/ axmywf&JUpGrf;tm; ...

q&mawmfBuD;wpfyg; q,fESpfom;t&G,fu ukd&if0wfcJhw,f/ bmrSaomif;usef;xm;wmr&Sdbl;/ tckawmh

em;½GufESpfbufvHk; eD&JNyD; xlvyspfjzpfaew,f/ ESacgif;vJeD&JNyD;yGaew,f/ cE¨mukd,frSmvJ tuGufBuD;awGxaew,f/

wcsKdUuajymwmu umvom;a&m*g? vlysKdemjzpfolawG oGm;wJhtdrfom? usifi,fpGefYwJhae&m oGm;pGefYrdvkdY

&Sd&ifvJ a&m*gul;pufw,fvkdY ajymMuw,f .../

tJ'Daemufykdif; q&mawmfonf axmywfukd qGrf;ylylav;eJY qm;tenf;i,fxnfhNyD; bkOf;ay;onf/ wpfywf

avmuf&SdvQif a&m*gtawmf oufomvmonf/ udk,fwGif;&Sd tzktydrfhawGvJ jym;csyfum tzwfawG uGmusonf/

ESpfywftwGif; axmywf "mwfpmjzifh a&m*gaysmufuif;oGm;\/

axmywfonf oDwawaZm (ac:) ]]tat;yGifh}} jzpfonf/,if;onf ukd,fwGif;íikwfaeaom avylrsm;ukd

rIwfxkwfay;aom pGrf;tm;owåd&Sdonf/ ESrf;qDESifh axmywfonf tpdrfht&om&Sdí ukd,fwGif;ü &Sdaom tyltckd;taiGU?

tykyfa&m*grsm;ukd tjyifokdY xGufapygonf/

q&mawmfrSm axmywfjzifh qGrf;ukd rMumrMum bkOf;ay;onf/ xkdaMumifh rsufpdrIefjcif;? taMumwufjcif;?

0rf; cPcPoGm;í 0rf;ysufjcif;? 'l;qpf? vufqpf? ajcqpfemusifjcif;? ¤if;tqpfrsm;rS *Rwf*Rwf toHjrnfjcif;?

a0'emrsm; aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf .../

61


pm;oHkk;onfhtcgwGifvnf; twkdif;tqESifh pm;í tvGeftuRH rpm;rd&ef owdjyK&ygrnf/ xrif;pm;NyD;vQif

zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD; pm;ay;&ef jzpfygonf/ ,if;zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;onf ]]0gZDu&P}} (ac:) tm;ukd jzpfapygonf

.../ (pm? 224)

o Q o Q o

62



eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJ U

yxrtBudrf? 2005? {NyDv/ wefzk d; 500usyf/ eu©wåa&mifjcnfpmtkyfwkduf .../

1/ ausmufcsOfrD;azguf? tukduftcJaysmuf ...

ausmufcsOftm; oHjym;ay:wifí yGvmonftxd tylay;yg/ at;aomtcg trIefYjyKí avvkHykvif;wGif

odrf;xm;yg/ anmif;nmukdufcJjcif;rsm;twGuf ¤if;ausmufcsOfrIefY (ausmufcsOfrD;azguf) uGrf;oD;vkH;cefYtm; ydwfyg;

jzifhxkyfum a&wGif acwåpdrfí ylvmaomtcsdefwGif MuyfxkyfozG,f tokH;jyKzduyfay;jcif;jzifh a0'emavsmhyg;


2/ qD;a&m*g? azma&mifjcif;? rsufpda&m*gESif h z&JoD;? oMum; (w½kwfaq;NrD;wkd) ...

rSnfh&Trf;vwfqwfaomz&JoD;tm; taphESifh tcGHz,f&Sm;um? tom;rsm;tm; ydwfyg;jzifh ppf,lyg/ ¤if;\ okH;

ykHwpfykH yrmP&Sdaom oMum;rIefYtm; jcifwG,fyg/ z&JoD;tm; OD;pGm rD;jyif;jyif;ESifh usdKum yspfcJvmcsdefwGif rD;avQmhí

rQOf;rQOf;usKdyg/ ap;yspfvmcsdefwGif tat;cHí oMum;rIefYa&mum oratmifarTyg/ ¤if;aemuf aeylvSef;um

ajcmufaoGUaomf trIefYjyKí avvkHykvif;wGif odrf;xm;yg .../

azma&mifjcif;? qD;eD? qD;0g? qD;usOf? qD;atmifhponfh qD;a&m*grsm;ESifh rsufpdem? rsufpda&mif&rf;jcif;ponf

wkdY jzpfyGm;ygu z&JoMum;rIefY wpfusyfom;tm;? a&aEG;jzifh azsmfaomufyg/ wpfaeY okH;Budrf aomufay;jcif;jzifh

tqkdyga0'emrsm; oufomaysmufuif;apyg\ .../ (pm? 2)

3/ qD;aMumif h jzpfaomanmif;nmukdufcJa&m*gESif h qifwkH;rEG,f ...

qD;raumif;í jzpfwwfaom anmif;nmukdufcJonfh a0'emtm; ...

(1) qifwkH;rEG,f(yg;yg;vSD;) ... 5 usyfom;

(2) oMum; ... 10 usyfom;


wkdYtm; qefaq;&nf oifh½kHjzifh okH;&ufpdrfum aeYpOf vufzuf&nfyef;uef wpfvkH;pm aomufay;jcif; jzihf

oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 3)

4/ rnf;rnf;csdwfcsdwfwif;wdyfESif h y'kr®mMum½kd; ...

y'kr®mMum½kd;tm; aeajcmufvSef;yg/ NyD;vQif jymcsí a&ESifhazsmfvdrf;ygu wif;wdyfrsm; aysmufygonf .../

(pm? 16)

5/ qD;atmifh? qD;ukdufESif h oHyk&m? ,rf;pdrf; ...

oHyk&moD;xufjcrf;cGJNyD; zefcGufxJ&Sd a&xJokdY t&nfrsm;n§pfcsvkdufyg/ xkdaemuf ,rf;pdrf; refusnfaph

ESpfaphcefYukd a&marTí vlemukdwkdufvkduf&m cPtMum qD;rsm;oGm;NyD; qD;ukdufvnf; oufomum vlemrSm xxkdif

Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 18)

6/ jrpfyGm;em? tzktusdwfa&m*gESif h aq;pGrf;aumif; (jrpfyGm;em = uifqm) ...

y½kwf? 'kw¬m? oHrEkdifausmufrEkdif? ,rf;pdrf; aq;tr,fav;rsKd;ukd wpfusyfom;pD trIefYjyKyg/ ¤if;trIefY

refusnf;aph ESpfaphcefYavmufESifh avmufao½Guf (5)usyfom; a&myg/ a&mNyD;aq;ukd ysm;&nfppfppf wpfykvif;wGif

a&mpyfNyD; aeYpOf xrif;pm;ZGef;ESifh eHeufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf (wpfaeYESpfBudrf) wpfZGef;pDaomufyg .../

rnfonfhaq;ESifhrqkd rwnfhonf r&Sdyg/ ab;tEÅ&m,f r&Sdyg/ q&m0efrsm;? orm;awmfrsm;\ ukorIcH,l

aepOf twGif;rSmvnf; aomufokH;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 20)

63


7/ tonf;BuD;a&m*gESif h ay½Guf ...

ay½Guftpdrf;ukd xkaxmif;n§pfí&aom (owåK&nf) ukd vufzuf&nfyef;uef wpfvkH;pmwkduf? tonf;BuD;

vkdY ylaewJh AkdufBuD; wjznf;jznf;csyfoGm;vdrfrnf .../

tonf;BuD;vmwJhtcg AdkufBuD;tqrwef ylvmr,f/ rsufESmeJY ajcaxmufawG a&miftrf;vmr,f/ &ifwkdY

AkdufwkdY wif;NyD; tpm pm;csifpdwfr&SdbJjzpfaer,f .../ (pm? 100)

8/ tpm;rSm;í ,m;,Hjcif;ESif h xef;vsuf ...

ydef;½kd;? ydef;O? awmtkef;oD; (uGrf;oD; t&G,fcefY&Sd) ponfwkdY pm;rd? ukdifrdvkdY ,m;,Haoma0'em cHpm;&vQif

&csif; jrefEkdiforQ jrefjref ]]jrefrmhxef;vsufppfppf}} ukdpm;ay;½kHygyJ/ xef;vsufpm;wmjref&if jrefovkd ,m;,Hjcif;

oufomaysmufuif;wm jrefqefygr,f/ awmtkef;oD;[mvnf; ydef;½kd;? ydef;Oxuf ykd,m;ygw,f/ tqHvkH;eJY

tcGHMum;rSm ,m;wwfwJht&nfeJY ,m;,HapwJhtrQifawG&Sdygw,f .../ (pm? 42)

9/ iSufzsm;ESif h &S def;ck d ...

iSufzsm;xlxyfaoma'ookdY oGm;a&mufvkyfukdifaeolrsm;onf ykPÖm;pm; &Sdef;ckd (aysmhaysmif;El;nHhaom&Sdef;ckd)

ukd i½kwfaumif;aphcefY vkH;xm;í npOf (3)vkH;cefY pm;vQif &Sdef;ckdonf tyl"mwftm;aumif;í ... tat;'Pfukd

cHEkdifjcif;? tpmukd aMuapEkdifjcif;? ief;ref;ukdEkdifjcif; owådxl;&Sdjcif;aMumifh iSufzsm;a&m*gudk aumif;pGmumuG,f

Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 46)

10/ ,mOfpD;pOf rl;a0? atmhtHvQif ...

um;? &xm;? av,mOfponf pD;eif;pOf rl;a0? atmhtHavh &Sdygu prkefpyg; tenf;i,fukdd rMumcP

0g;pm;ay;yg/ okdYr[kwf ausmufcsOfrIefYESifh tav;csdefqwl ysm;&nfukd a&marTxm;um aumfzDZGef; wpfZGef;rQ

vQufay;ygu rl;a0? atmhtHjcif;rS vGwfuif;rnf .../ (pm? 45)

11/ rsufpdxdck dufrIESif h i½kwfaumif; ...

rsufpdrSm xdckduf'Pf&m &cJhwJhtcg rjyif;xefbl;qkd&if? aoG;rxGufbl;qkd&if i½kwfaumif;aphukd ausmufysOf

oefYoefYrSm aoG;NyD;? a&MunfMunfav;eJY a&mNyD; rsufpOf;cwfay;&ygw,f/ NyD;awmh rsufaphwpf0dkufukdvnf;

ryspfrusJ uGif;xm;&ygw,f/ ajcmufoGm;&if xyfNyD;vdrf;? vdrf;wJhtckduf yl&Sdef;&Sdef;av;? aemufawmh at;oGm;ygw,f

.../ (pm? 56)

12/ c½koif;ESif h {u&mZfjrpf ...

{u&mZfjrpf tpkd (20)usyfom; ESifh xef;vsuf wpfydómtm; a&tenf;i,f pGufí vufaumfí &atmif

usKdcsufyg/ eHeufESifh n [if;pm;ZGef; (2)ZGef;pD aeYpOfaomufay;ygu ta&jym;wGif qGwfqGwfjzLaom (orifjzL)

c½koif;emtm; wpfaeYwjcm; a&mhyg;apygonf/ wpfudk,fvkH; iHkaeaom a0'em&Sifrsm;tzkdY aq;zkHrsm;pGm ZGJ&Sd&Sd

aomufay;yg .../ (pm? 58)

13/ Muyfxkyfxkd;enf; ...

pyg;vif? qm;? eEGif;wuf? rdóvifO? ouf&if;BuD;½Guf (5)rsKd;ukd qwla&mNyD; txkyf (3) xkyfvkyfyg/ tJ'D

txkyfawGukd a&aEG;aiGUeJY aygif;wifay;&ygw,f/ tylcHEkdif½kH Muyfxkyfxkd;ay;ygu tem'Pfa&mif? tqpf&mif?

tjrpfa&mif? tazma&mif csufcsif;oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 61)

64


14/ rsufpdMunf? tanmif;ajy? taMumajyESif h ajce,fqD...

rsufpdMunfvifap&ef ajcukd qDvdrf;e,fjcif;onf taumif;qkH;jzpfygonf/ ajcukd qDvdrf;e,fjcif;onf

bk&m;&Sifvufxufuyif tokH;jyKcJhMuonf/ vufoefYoefYjzifh ajcukdqDjzifh wpfem&DcefYMumatmif vdrf;jcif;e,fjcif;?

twGif;okdY pdrfh0ifoGm;atmif yGwfe,fay;ygvQif taMumrsm; tm;&SdvmNyD; ta&xl? ta&yg;? tom;wpfavQufü

ckdatmif;aeaom tanmif;ylrsm; xGufoGm;NyD;vQif vGefpGmayghyg;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../

xkdqDwGif yGifhuefapwwfaom y½kwf? t&ufESifh tjcm;aom aq;zufwkdYukdyg xnfhvdrf;vQifykdrkdtusKd;ouf

a&mufEkdifygonf/ ajcukd qDvdrf;e,fjcif;onf yifyef;jcif;ukdaysmufap\/ tm;ukdjzpfap\? rsufpdukdMunfvifap\?

ajcüjzpfaom temwkdYukdEkdif\ .../

OD;acgif;rS rsufpdukdtkyfqif;í ... ajcrESpfzufwkdifatmif oGm;aom taMumBuD;ESpfckwkdYonf &Sdukef\ .../

xkdYaMumifh ... rsufpdMunfvifatmif ... ajcukd qDjzifhvdrf;yg .../ (pm? 85)

15/ aoG;wkd;? qD;csK d? avief;a&m*g ESif h a&SmufoD; ...

qD;csKda&m*g rSwqifh aoG;wkd;NyD;aemuf "mwfcsKyfjcif;? rl;jcif; rSwqifh avief;? &GJUapmif;oGm;onf txd

jzpfcJhaomf yl? cg;? pyfaom tpmt[m&wkdYukd auR;arG;&\/

a&SmufoD;wpfvkH;ukd El;atmifaygif;í qm;cg; (5)usyfom;ESifh a&musKdNyD;vQif rD;zkday:rScsí ysm;&nfppfppf

xnfhoGif;NyD; ]]csKdcsOfcg;}} t&omay:atmif pm;aomufjcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;vnf;us "mwfcsKyfonfukdvnf;

aumif;vmygonf/ xkdYjyif avief;a&m*gvnf; oufomvmrnfhtjyif qD;csKda&m*gaMumifhvnf; vlukdrxdckdufapbJ

rsm;pGm tusKd;&Sdygonf/ wpfcgaomuf aumfzDZGef;(1)ZGef;? wpfaeY (2)Budrf .../ (pm? 93)

16/ vdyfacgif;a&m*gESif h xdu½kH; ...

xdu½kH;yif yÍöig;yg;ukd ajrtkd;oefYoefY wGifxnfhía&xnfhyg/ xdu½kH;yif wpfydómvQif a&okH;ydóm xnfh

&rnf/ okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfí cHEdkif&nf&SdoavmufpDpOfNyD; ptkd0 a&mufatmiftaiGUay;yg/ wpfaeY (3)Budrfvkyf

oufom aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 103)

17/ qD;atmifha&m*gaysmufapaom yGJawGUenf;aumif; ...

qD;atmifhvQif MuH&nfwpfcGufrSm (wpfzefcGufrSm) ZmwdyæKdvfoD;\ 5ykH 1ykH ... aoG;í xnfharTNyD; okH;aqmif

vkdufyg/ qD;atmifha&m*g oufom aysmufuif; oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 126)

18/ iSufzsm;a&m*g ESif h &Sm;apmif;BuD;tap; ...

iSufzsm;a&m*gjzpfvQif &Sm;apmif;BuD;tap;? a&G;aph wpfaphpmcefYESifh ysm;&nf pyfaomufyg/ iSufzsm;

oufomoGm;aomf wkdif;&if;aq;ynmOD;pD;Xmeu xkwfvkyfwJh tylNidrf;aoG;aq;eJY rwJjrif;rkd&fukef;aoG;aq;ukd

aeYpOf rDS0J oGm;r,fqkd&if ykdrkdaumif;rGefoGm;rSmyg .../ (pm? 12&)

19/ tonf;ajcmufa&m*gESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf twGif;om; (1)usyfom;ESifh xefvsuf (1)usyfom; (rkefYvkyfxef;vsuf) ukd? a&mvkH;NyD;

pm;yg/ wpfywfavmufMumvQif a&m*goufomoGm;ygu? wpf&ufjcm; aemufwpfywf qufpm;yg/ a&m*g ykdoufom

oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ qufpm;ívnf; tEÅ&m,fr&Sdyg .../ (pm? 134)

20/ oHyk&moD;ESif h csK dif;acR;eH Y ...

oHyk&moD;wpfvkH;tm; yef;uefwpfvkH;wGif (10)&ufcefY xm;vQif ... oHyk&moD;rSm n§Kd;EGrf;í ykyf&d

vmygvdrfhrnf .../ tcGHa&m tom;yg El;vmygu vufjzifh tenf;i,f zJhí yGwfajcum csKdif;wpftkHvHk; ESHpyfatmif

vdrf;yg/ teHYqkd;rsm; oufom aysmufuif;onfukd 0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m awGU&ygrnf .../

65


oHyk&moD; rukefrcsif; rdrddpdwfBudKuf wpfaeY av;? ig;Budrff vdrf;ay;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 162)

21/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; ...

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 25 usyfom;(twGif;tESpfom;)


(3) ysm;&nf ... 5 usyfom;

(4) refusnf;rSnfh ... 5 usyfom;

(5) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; ... 5 yJom;( yJom;pD)

,if;tcsKd;tpm;twkdif; ajrtkd;jzifh rwl;rjcpfatmif usKdcsufNyD; eHeufvufzuf&nfZGef; (1)ZGef; nae xrif;

pm;NyD; (1)ZGef; pm;yg/ rdef;r? a,mufusm; rnfolrqkd pm;oHk;&efoifh\/ vlUcE¨mukd,fü qD;? 0rf;? av tckd;

rSefuefnDrQapí vkdaom"mwf jynfh0apygonf/ ykdaom"mwfukd ,kwfavsmhapygonf/

ygpu0rf;rD;ukdawmufapygong/ þ&Sm;apmif;vufyyfaq;onf jzpfay:qJ a&m*ga0'emrsm; aysmufuif;í

rjzpfay:ao;onfh a&m*ga0'emrsm; ukdvnf; uif;a0; usef;rm apEkdifMuygonf/ ,if;aq;ukd trsKd;orD;rsm;

rD;zGm;NyD;(45) &uf ausmfrSpm;yg .../ (pm? 133)

22/ taMumwufcg;emESif h ouf&if;BuD; ...

ouf&if;BuD;½GufMurf; (50)usyfom;ukd a&aq;NyD; yg;yg;vSD;/ a& (3)ydómESifh a&musKd/ a&cef;cgeD;

t½Gufrsm;ukd q,fxkwfNyD; useft&nfukd aygufap;usatmif qufusKd NyD;awmh aygufap;&nfeJY ysm;&nf twlpyfNyD;

xyfusKd / vufaumfvkdY&&if csNyD;aeYpOf aumfzDZGef;i,f wpfZGef;pm;ay;yg .../

aeYpOf pm;ay;jcif;jzifh ESpf&Snfvrsm; pGJuyfaewJh avemrsm;? wpfukd,fvkH; taMumwufa&m*grsm; xkHusOf

ukdufcJrIrsm;udk oufomaysmufuif; csrf;omapygw,f .../ jrpfcsif;NyD; ½kd;&maq;enf;awGuawmh ausmatmifh?

&ifatmifh? cg;udkuf? xdckduf'Pf&mjzpf&if tdyf&may:rSm ouf&if;BuD;t½Gufukd cif;NyD;tdyf&w,f/ ouf&if;BuD;

Muyfxkyfxkd;r,f... acR;atmif;r,fqkd&if rMumcif oufom aysmufuif;oGm;ygr,f.../

ajcovHk;eJY taMumwuf&if t½GufrEkr&ifhukd rD;uifNyD; aeYpOf ywfwDpnf;ay;&if oufom

aysmufuif;apw,f/ 0rf;rrSefbJ avxkd;avatmifh jzpfcJ&if tpdrf;twkdif;jzpfap jyKwfNyD;om;t½Gufukdjzpfap aeYpOf

wkdYjr§Kyf pm;jcif;? aomufay;jcif;jzifh 0rf;rSefw,f/ ava&m*g oufomaysmufuif;w,f/ tema[mif;

jynfwpkdpkdjzpfwJhtcg ouf&if;BuD;½Gufukd BudwfNyD; tkHay;&ifaysmufw,f .../ (pm? 208)

23/ &Sm;apmif;vufn§K d;ESif h vdyfacgif; ...

&Sm;apmif;vufn§Kd; vufESpfqpfcefYukd xef;vsufESifh awín?eHeuf (3)&ufqufwkduf auR;aomtcg ...

xGufusaeaom vdyfacgif;rSm jyef0ifoGm;NyD; oGm;vmvIyf&Sm;í &aMumif; awGU&ayonf/ &Sm;apmif;vufn§Kd;rSm

av;ajr§mifh tqpfvkduf EG,fykHo@ef aygufa&mufonf/ t½GufrSmuGrf;½Guf tao;ykHo@ef? tyGifhrSm tjzL tqkyf?

tqkyf yGifhavonf .../

pkdufysKd;&ef vG,fulonf .../ (pm?219)

24/ uav;rsm;tlus (abmus) a&m*gESif h 'efBuD;½Guf ...

'ef;BuD;½Gufvufwpfqkyfukd oHyk&m&nfESifh Budwf/ Budwfí &aomt&nfukd pdrfh0ifoGm;atmifvdrf;

Budwfzwfudk abmrSmtkH ywfwD;pnf;ay;jcif;jzifh oufom aysmufuif;apygonf/ (pm? 216)

66


25/ trsK d;orD;rsm;tjzLqif;cJ haomf ...

zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;ukd oMum;eJY acgufpm;/ yef;em&ifusyfa&m*g&Sdol trsKd;orD;rsm; wwfuRrf; em;vnfolESifh

wkdifyifNyD;rSpm;yg .../ (pm? 213)

o Q o Q o

67


68



eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJ U

yxrtBudrf? 2005? arv/ wefzk d; 500usyf/ eu©wåa&mifjcnfpmtkyfwkduf .../

1/ uav;ESmydwfa0'emESif h uGrf;½Guf ...

uGrf;½GufoefYoefY wpf½Gufukd tv,frSm vufcv,feJY azmufNyD; rD;tenf;i,f uifay;yg/ NyD;&if uav;

i,fxdyfrSm uyfay;yg/ csufcsif; odomvmygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 14)

2/ temrD;? temvQHESif h i&HUywl½Guf ...

temrD;? temvQHrsm;tm; i&HUywl½Guf t½kd;owåK&nfESifh axmywf qwla&mum vdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh oufom

aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 19)

3/ tqkwf (wDbD) a&m*gESif h i&HUywl½Guf ...

i&HUywl½Guf tjrpfrIefYESifh csif;ajcmufrIefY ESpfyJom;pD a&mum aeYpOf a&aEG;jzifh aomufay;ygu

tqkwfema&m*g odomavsmhyg;aponf .../ (pm? 30)

4/ trl;a&m*gtrsK d;rsK d;? tpmrSm;? &ifjynfh&ifu,f? aoG;wkd; ESif h {u&mZf...

trl;a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;? tpm;rSm;? &ifjynfh&ifu,fjzpfjcif;wkdYukd {u&mZfyif\ tjrpfukd ausmufysOfwGif aoG;í

&&Sdaomt&nf [if;pm;ZGef;? wpfZGef;cefYwGif qm;tenf;i,fxnfhaomufyg/ xl;jcm;odompGm aysmufuif;ygonf/

{u&mZf½Gufukd [if;csKdcsufí aomufjcif;? wkdYpm;jcif; wkdYukd aeYpOf jyKvkyfay;ygu aoG;wkd;a&m*g uif;a0; Ekdifygonf

.../ (pm? 39)

5/ 0rf;oufjcif;?pdwfESvHk;ylyefjcif;? qDeDusOfaemuf a&m*g ESif h a&xdu½kH; ...

a&xdu½kH;tm; wkdY? jr§Kyf pm;aomufay;jcif;jzifh odomavQmhyg;aponf/ a&xdu½kH;onf a&jr§Kyfazmhrsm;yg&Sdí

ql;rsm;r&Sdacs .../ (pm? 50)

6/ ydpyfyif (AdZwfyif) udk,fawGUaq;enf;rsm; ...

ydpyfyif? tyifyÍöig;yg;udkaxmif;? t&nfn§pf? vufzuf&nfyef;uefwpfvHk;eD;yg; wpfaeYwpfBudrf aeYpOf

wkdufay;&if twGif;'Pf? aoG;vHk;? avvHk;utp a&m*gawG taES;eJYtjref oufomaysmufuif;apygonf.../

qm;csuftoHk k;jyKenf; / / ydpyfyift&ifhawGukd a&pifatmifaq; wpfyifvHk; yOöig;yg;EkyfEkyfpOf;NyD;

ae&dyfrSmajcmufapygw,f/ ajcmuf&if rD;½IdU? jymcs .../ tJ'Djymukd(15) &uf(wpfq,fig;&uf) a&pdrfxm;&if...a&[m

MunfNyD; teDa&mifjzpfvmw,f .../

tJ'Da&tMunfukd oH',ftkd;topfeJY qm;csuf,lygw,f/ qm;&wJhtcg avvkHykvif;eJYxnfhxm;&ygw,f/

ysm&nfwpfZGef;rSm qm; i½kwfaumif;aphavmufxnfhNyD; wpfaeYukd eHeufwpfZGef;? nwpfZGef; rSefrSefaomufay;&if

udk,fwGif;a0'emeJY a0'emBuD;awG oufomaysmufuif;wm awGU&ygw,f .../ twGif;'Pfem? 0rf;wGif;uvDpm?

aoG;wHul? avwHul? 0rf;wGif;jzpfwJh aoG;vkH;? avvHk;? abvkH;awGu tp oufomaysmufuif;wm awGU&ygw,f/

c&D;oGm;wJhtcg armyef;EGrf;e,frI? &ifwkefrl;a0rI vwfwavmjzpfcJh&if t½Guf 3? 4½Guf yGwfacsNyD; ESmacgif;eJY

wpf0&SL? yg;pyfu avjyefrIwfxkwf/ 3? 4 Budrfvkyfay;½kHeJY oufomaysmufuif;apygw,f/ vwfwavm

xdcdkufrItwGufuawmh t½Gufudk t&nfn§pf? vdrf;e,fNyD; t0wfeJYpnf;xm;&if 'Pf&m? xdcdkufemudk

aysmufuif;apygw,f .../

69


tqDxkwf,ljcif;/ / ydpyfyift&ifh yÍöig;yg;udk a&pifatmifaq;yg/ "m;eJYpOf;yg/ a&eJY okH;cGufwpfcGufwifBudKyg/

&wJhaq;½GufjyKwf&nfxJrS t½GufzwfawGudk xkwf,lNyD; aq;&nfudkppfí oH',ftopfeJY usKdyg/ a&cef;&if

tESpfusefygw,f/ tJ'DtESpfudk anmifap;usatmifusKdyg/ &wJhanmifap;vdk tqD[m rnf;eufaeygw,f/ tJ'DtqD

ESrf;aphavmuf wpfaeYwpfBudrf pm;ay;yg/ 'grSr[kwf ysm;&nfwpfZGef;eJY pyfaomufyg/ wpfywftwGif; a&m*gBuD;awG

oufomaysmufuif;r,f/ veJYcsDpm;&if udk,fwGif;? udk,fya&m*gawG uif;pifNyD; usef;rm touf&SnfEdkifwJh aq;ygyJ

.../

a&rSefrSefcsKd;ay;? 0rf;ykHrSefoGm;atmif wpfywfwpfcg jyKjyifay;zdkY vdkygw,f/ tqD wpfusyfom;&zdkY ydpyfyif

vufwpfayGUpmavmuf csuf&ygw,f/ tJ'DtqD[m tHhMoavmufatmif tpGrf;xufvdkY od'd0ifaq; tjzpfeJY wefzdk;

xm;cJhMuygw,f .../ (pm? 40)

7/ xdck duf&SemESif h ukef;aA'g (qD;csK d ? aoG;csK d&d Sol) ...

xdckdufrdNyD; ajcr ponf uGJoGm;&if ukef;aA'g (ac:) &Srf;ajy;yift½Guf vufwpfqkyfcefYcl;NyD; xkaxmif;um

'Pf&may:wGif t0wfjzifhtkHí pnf;ay;vkduf&m 3&ufcefYtMumwGif qD;csKd? aoG;csKd&dSol\ 'Pf&mrSm trm&Gwfyif

rusefbJ oufomaysmufuif;oGm;ygonf .../

(,ckwifjyaomukef;aA'grSm ydpyfyifjzpfygonf .../)

8/ yef;em&ifusyfa0'emESif hrk½d k;½Guf ...

ijzLBuD; (ac:) rk½dk;yifrSm tap;tjzLrsm; xGufavh&dSum EGm;EdkYwGifxnfhum cJapygonf/ yef;em&ifusyf

a0'emtwGuf rk½dk;½Gufajcmuf rD;½IdUí&aom taiGUtm; &SL½dIufjcif; (rdIif;cHjcif;) jzifh oufomapygonf/ (pm? 66)

9/ aoG;Ekom;Ek? xkHusOfudkufcJ/ &if;jym;wpfyJ? xif;wpfvSnf; ...

aoG;Ekom;Ekqdkwm awGUu&m tpm;tpmawG rpm;&bl;/ ]]rdIwpfESpf? rQpfwpfv}} wJh/ rdIudk wpfESpfjynfhrS

pm;&w,f/ rQpfudk wpfvjynfhrS pm;&w,f/ udk,fvufudkufcJae&if &if;jym;jrpfudk aoG;aomuf/ &if;jym;jrpfudk

aoG;NyD;vdrf;? wpfudk,fvkH;vl;ay;/ ]]&if;jym; wpfyJ? xif; wpfvSnf;}} vdkYawmif pmqdk&dSw,f/ t"dyÜg,fu &if;jym;jrpf

wpfyJom;aoG;NyD; aomufjcif;[m xif;vSnf;wpfpD; rD;vIHwmeJY twlwlyJqdkwJh oabm .../ (pm? 72)

10/ 0JtpdkESif h a&eHacs;? razmufxkH; ...

a&eHacs;ESifh razmufxkH; qwla&mpyfum tyltenf;i,fay;í temay:okwfvdrf;ay;ygu okH;&uftwGif;

t&nfw&TJ&TJ0JtpdkrSm ajcmufuyfoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 78)

11/ uif;udkufjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

uif;ajcrsm;ESifh uif;NrD;aumufudkufvQif MuufoGefeD ESpfjcrf;cGJNyD; ,if;cJGjcrf;jzifh udkufonfhae&mudk

yGwfwdkufay;ygu oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 82)

12/ 'l;emjcif;ESif h a&SmufoD;? MuufoGefeD ...

a&SmufoD;tpdrf;wpfvkH;udk xufjcrf;cGJNyD; tv,fA[dkwGif MuufoGefeDtv,ftvwf OwpfvkH;pmavmuf

csKdifhwpfckjyKvkyfNyD; MuufoGefeDudkjrKyfxm;yg/ NyD;u a&SmufoD;ESpfjcrf;udk ESD;jzifh jyefcsnfí tdk;wpfvkH;jzihf El;atmif

usKd&ygrnf/ usKdNyD;aoma&SmufoD;udk at;atmifxm;NyD; a&SmufoD;wpfjcrf;ESifh MuufoGefeDwpfjcrf;udk emaeaom

'l;acgif;ay:wifNyD;ywfwD;ESifh pnf;xm;yg/ usefwpfjcrf;udk aemufwpfaeY xyfrHpnf;aESmifyg/ oufomygu

xyfrHjyKvkyf&ef rvdkawmhyg .../ (pm? 88)

70


13/ qD;a&m*gESif hvufzuftpdk? ausmufcsOf ...

ausmufuyfomrcRwf,Gif;apeJY b,fvkdqD;a&m*grqdk oufomaysmufuif;Edkifw,f/ ausmufcsOfudk

trIefYBudwf? NyD;&iftcsdeftqwl vufzufeJY a&mBudwf? BudwfNyD;om;aq;udk qD;oD;cyfi,fi,ft&G,fvkH;xm;/ wpfaeY

wpfvkH;pm;/ ESpf&uf? okH;&ifxuf ydkrpm;&bl;vdkY ajymygw,f .../ (pm? 100)

14/ rsufpdemESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

rsufpdeD? rsufpdatmifh ponfrsm;twGuf &Sm;apmif;vufyyf twGif;om;tm; vTmum rsufcHGwGif uyfxm;

ay;jcif;jzifh oufomaysmufuif;aponf .../ (pm? 106)

15/ udk,fyltjrefusap&efESif h pm;aqmf'g? oMum; ...

tzsm;aMumifh tvGeftuJyljcif;? a&iwfjcif;jzpfcJhaomfpm;aqmf'g 1yJom;? oMum; 1yJom;a&mí a&at;ESifh

aomufaomf cE¨mtwGif;odkY aq;a&mufvQifa&mufjcif; acR;xGufvmrnf/ qD;csKyfjcif;uif;a0;vsuf ylavmifjcif;?

a&iwfjcif; Nidrf;at;í tzsm;a&m*gaysmufuif;ygrnf .../ (pm? 121)

16/ qD;atmifh? ausmufwnfESif h jynfvkH;csrf;om ...

jynfvkH;csrf;omtyif yÍöig;yg;ygatmif wpfyifvkH;udk a& (50)usyfom;jzifh jyKwfyg/ jyKwf&nf

yGufyGufqlvmNyD; 5rdepfcefYtMumwGif csNyD; tat;cHyg/ at;aomtcg oMum; (3)usyfom; xnfhNyD;arTyg/ wpfaeY

okH;Budrf rSefrSefaomufygu ausmufwnf? qD;atmifhemrsm; aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 125)

(aq;tcsdeftwG,fryg b,favmufaomuf&rvJ ...¿)

17/ EIwfcrf;uGJ? usD;uef;yg;pyfESif h xrif;tdk;qlvmaom tjrKyf ...

EIwfcrf;uGJtufjcif; (usD;uef;yg;pyf) jzpfygu xrif;tkd;qla0&mrS usvmaom tjrKyfwdkYjzifh wdkYay;?

okwfay;jcif;jzifh oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 128)

18/ avxdk;? avatmifhESif h qifwkH;rEG,f ...

qifwkH;rEG,f? qm;ykyfcJ? ysm;&nf? a&Smuf&nf tJ'Dav;rsK;d (5)usyfom;pD qwla&mNyD; xkaxmif;vkH;í

ae&dyfwGif aoGUatmifvSef;xm;yg/ t&G,fuawmh refusnf;aphcefYaygh/ eHeuf (2)vkH;? n (2)vkH; aomuf/

aq;aomufNyD;&if a&t0aomufay;/ avxdk;? avatmifh oufoma&m .../ (pm? 130)

19/ avjzwfjcif;ESif h usD;tm;oD; ...

pma&;ol\ aqGrsKd;wpfOD;rSm avjzwfcH&aomaMumifh vufwpfzufESifh ajcwpfzufrSm vkH;0 vIyf&Sm;r&onfh

tjyif pum;ajym&mwGifvnf; ryDoawmhyg/ 'Daq;enf;av;aMumifhtckqdkvQif ajcvufrsm; vIyf&Sm;EdkifNyD; vrf;vnf;

aumif;aumif;avQmufvmEdkifygonf/pum;vnf; yDyDoo ajymEdkifvmygonf/

aq;enf;rSm usD;tmoD;tyif&JUOudk wl;,lyg/ a&pifpifaq;NyD; cyfyg;yg;av;vSD;xm;yg/ vSD;xm;aom

usD;tmoD;O (5)usyfom;ukd ESrf;qDppfppf (5)usyfom;jzifh ',ftkd;oefYoefYwGif xnfhausmfyg/ usD;tmoD;Orsm;

<uyf&Gvmonftxd aMumfNyD; taMumfzwfrsm;udk z,fxm;yg/

aMumfxm;aomqDjzifh avjzwfxm;aom ajcvufwdkYtm; vl;ay;yg/ ESdyfES,fay;yg/ tom;ta&rsm; aEG;axG;rI

&dSvmNyD; ESpfywfcefY qufvl;vkdufygu aumif;pGm vIyf&Sm;vmEdkifygonf .../ (pm? 158)

20/ tdyfraysmfjcif;ESif h 'ef YuRJ½Guf ...

tawG;rsm;íaomfvnf;aumif;? tanmif;rsm;íaomfvnf;aumif;? tpmtdrfrS avylxí aomfvnf;aumif;?

avtm;tay:twufrsm;í aoG;wufjcif;? acgif;udkufjcif;? ZufaMumwufjcif;? em;,m;jcif;? em;xJrS

71


toHpkHMum;&jcif;wdkYaMumifh tdyfraysmfcJhaomf 'efYuRJ½Gufudk jyKwfí oMum;tenf;i,fxnfhNyD; aomufvQif

tdyfaysmfaponf/ tjrpfukd qefaq;&nfESifh aoG;NyD;aomufay;vQifvnf; tdyfaysmfapygonf .../ (pm? 171)

21/ tylusdwfeJ Y eEGif;cg;O ...

yg;csdwfatmufESifh aygifMum;wGif tylusdwfaygufcJhvQif eEGif;cg;Oudk aoG;vdrf;yg/ (3)Budrfxuf ydkrvdrf;&yg .../

(pm? 176)

22/ qHyiftwGufenf;wpfvuf ...

qHyiftzsm;rsm;eDí ysufwJhqHyifuysufESifh qHyifawG t½kyfqdk;aevQif acgif;ravQmfcif qHyifudk tkef;qD

&TJepfaeatmifvdrf;ay;/ NyD;&if 1em&D? 2em&D avmufaeNyD;rS acgif;avQmf (bmacgif;avQmf&nfeJYrqdk)/ NyD;&if qHyif

tajcmufcHNyD;&if tkef;qD (axmvywfqkd ydkaumif;) vdrf;ay;vdkuf&if qHyif[m El;nHhaysmhaysmif;NyD; eufarSmifvmrSm

trSefyJ .../ (pm? 174)

23/ aq;pGrf;aumif;wpfvuf ...

(1) eHYomjzL ... 8yJom;

(2) eHYomeD ... 1usyfom;

(3) i½kwfaumif; ... 1usyfom;

(4) avn§if; ... 1usyfom;

(5) rifaomf ... 1usyfom;

aq;tr,f (1) rS (4) txd pkaygif;Budwfyg/ rifaomfudk oD;oefYBudwfNyD;rS a&maESm&ygrnf/ NyD;vQif

avvkHaomykvif;wGif xnfhoGif;odrf;qnf;yg .../

aq;okH;pGJenf;rSm ...

(1) oGm;udkuf? oGm;em? oGm;usOf;vQif oGm;tajcrSm odyfay;&rnf/

(2) rl;arm? acgif;ukdufvQif aq;rIefYtenf;i,fudk vuf0g;wGifyGwfí&SL&rnf/

(3) rl;arma0'emjyif;vQif a&Smuf½Guf? MoZm½Guf? rmvum½GufwdkYESifh aq;rIefYa&mpyfí yGwf&SLay;&rnf/

(4) cE¨mudk,f&Sdef;wdef;? zdef;wdef;jzpfaevQif aeraumif;csifovdk jzpfaevQif aq;rIefYtenf;i,fukd a&aEG;ylESifh

aomuf&rnf/

(5) csrf;zsm;? wkefzsm;jzpfvQifvnf; aq;rIefYoifh½kHudk a&aEG;ylESifh aomufEdkifonf/

(6) ESmap;? ESmydwfvQif aq;rIefYenf;enf;pD vufz0g;ay:wifí ememyGwf&SL&rnf/ rMum? rMum&SLay;vQif

15rdepfcefYtMumwGif oufomaysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 185)

72


24/ cg;emESif h qifaygif;qD ...

qifwkH;rEG,ftpkd (2)usyfom;? ESrf;qDppfppf (10)usyfom;? owåKtkd;wpfvkH;? ykvif;wpfvkH;wkdYudk,lyg/

ypönf;pkHvQif qifwkH;rEG,fudk uGrf;n§yfESifh ykvif;twGif; xnfhí0ifap&ef aoi,fpGmn§yfyg/ n§yfNyD;vQif

ykvif;twGif;odkYxnfhyg/ ESrf;qD (10)usyfom;yg a&mxnfhyg/ xnfhNyD;vQif yHktwkdif; rD;ESifh ESrf;qD? qifwkH;rEG,fwdkYudk

aygif;yg/

yHkygtwkdif; ykvif;twGif;qDESifh tkd;twGif;a&rSm wlnDrsOf;jzpf&rnf/ (a&rsufESmjyifESifh qDrsufESmjyif

wlnD&rnf)/ a&qlatmif rD;ESifhcsufí a&cef;vQif a&xyfxnfhyg/ okH;em&DcefYcsufvQif aq;tqD&ygNyD/ xdkaq;tqDudk

tat;cHí cg;emonfhae&mtwGif; pdrfh0ifoGm;atmif vdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh cg;emoufomapygonf/

taMumnyfí emaomcg;? (tav;tyifraom) 'PfaMumifh emaomcg;? aoG;av ravQmufaomaMumifh

emaomcg; ponfwkdYudk oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 188)

o Q o Q o

73


74


(12) azGazG&Sm&Smwdkif;&if;aq;ynm

a'gufwmatmifEd kif (aq;okawoe)

yxrtBudrf? 2005? 'DZifbmv/ wefzd k; 1200usyf/ ausmfñGef Y&nfpmay .../

1/ temaygufjcif;ESif h rmvum½Guf? ysm;&nf ...

tvdkvdkaygufaom temjzpfap? xdckduf&Semjzpfap rusufEdkifaomtcg rmvum½Gufudk jymcsí ysm;&nfESifh

azsmfvdrf;Edkifonf/ 'd|aysmufonfhaq;aumif;wpfvufjzpfonf .../ (pm? 111)

2/ ESvHk;wkef&ifckef? touf&SLr0wJh a0'emESif h emewf? oMum;? ysm;&nf ...

emewfoD;udk oMum;eJY ,dkxdk;NyD; ysm;&nfeJY pyfNyD;aomuf&ifESvHk;wkef&ifckefNyD; touf&SLr0wJh a0'em

oufomapygw,f .../ (pm? 140)

3/ oefusapaom emewfoD;ESif h ysm;&nf ...

emewfoD;rSmygwJh b½dkrmvif (Bromelin) "mwfaMumifh oefusapw,fqkdwm okawoejyKvkyf

awGU&Sdxm;ygNyD/ emewfoD;udk ysm;&nfav;eJY pm;&ifydkaumif;ygw,f/ uav;rdcifawGtaeeJY uav;awGudk ESpfwdkif;

emewfoD;auR;NyD; rSefrSefoefcsay;oifhygw,f/ emewfoD;[m oefus½Hkru tm[m&twGufyg taxmuftul

&apygw,f .../ (pm? 141)

4/ temref;? rD;avmifzk? a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;ESih f emewfoD; ...

emewf½Gufudk rD;tHk;NyD; n§pfvkdY&wJht&nf[m temtwGufaumif;vSygw,f/ rD;avmifzkxwmwdkY a&aEG;yl

avmifwmwdkY qdk&ifvnf; tJ'Demewf½Guf rD;tHk;NyD; n§pfvdkY&wJh t&nfudk vdrf;ay;&if csufcsif; oufomapygw,f .../

(pm? 141)

5/ 0rf;udkufa0'emESif h upfrDuGpf (Kiss me quick) ...

wdkif;&if;aq;aumifpD0if q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifu 0rf;udkufa0'emcHpm;ae&aom a'gufwmatmifEkdifwdkY ZeD;

armifESH ESpfOD;vkH;tm; ]]q&mhrSm bmaq;awGygyg aomufraeeJYawmh/ tJ'Dtyifu (Kiss me quick u awmifBuD;rSm

b,fvdrfnmvdrf vdkYac:w,f/) t½Guf 4½Gufcl; vwfvwfqwfqwf 0g;pm;vkduf/ NyD;&ifvm? xrif;twlpm;r,f/

q&mh0rf;udkuf aysmufNyDomrSwfayawmh .../}}

tyl0rf;udkufjzpfapwJh trD;bm;0rf;udkufjzpfjzpf? tat;0rf;udkufjzpfwJh bufpDvm&D0rf;udkufjzpfjzpf

aysmufw,f/ 0rf;avQm? 0rf;ysufvnf;aysmufw,f/ aysmufwmrS xl;xl;jcm;jcm;udk aysmufwm/ olUudk aq;ynm

tvdkuawmh ]]&Sm;apmif;od*Feduf}} vdkY ac:w,f/ (&Sm;apmif;rsKd;0if) teDyGifh? t0gyGifhponfjzifh&Sdw,f/ t0gyGifhu

ykdpGrf;w,f/ t½Guf\ t&omrSmcsOfjyHK;jyHK;av; .../

(a'gufwmatmifEdkifwdkYESpfOD;) t½Gufav;½GufpD 0g;pm;tNyD; xrif;[if;awGudk NrdefNrdefBuD; pm;vkduf Muygw,f/

pm;ae&if; (a'gufwmatmifEdkif) pdwfxJrSmawmh ]]tif; ... igawmh &owPSmaMumifh 'ku©a&mufrvm; rodbl;/

q&mBuD;OD;ÓmPfvGifajymovdk aysmuf&ifaumif;yg&JU ydkqdk;vm&ifawmh aq;jyif;BuD;awG aomufcs &awmhrSmyJ/

aemufaeYc&D;qufzdkY&mvnf; &ufa&TU&awmhrSmyJ ...}} ponfjzifh awG;aerdygw,f .../

(a'gufwmatmifEdkifu qufajymonfrSm) ]]'gayr,fhcifAsm ... xl;vnf;xl;wJh aq;yifygyJ/ tJ'Daq;½Guf

4½Gufpm;NyD;uwnf;u bmaq;rS xyfrpm;&awmhbJ (ZeD;onfyg ESpfa,mufvkH;) 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufoGm;wm

Kiss me quick (ac:) b,fvdrfnmvdrf (ac:) &Sm;apmif;od*Feduf&JU aus;Zl;aMumifhyg ...}}/ (pm? 169)

75


6/ tiftm;jynfhNzdK;tvSwdk;apzdk Y pHy,fyGif hajcmuf? ESif;qDyGif hvTmajcmuf? vufzufajcmuf ...

pHy,fyGifhajcmuf? ESif;qDyGifhvTmajcmuf? vufzufajcmufokH;rsKd;udk qwla&mpyfxm;NyD; oHk;aqmifcgeD;wGifrS

,if;trIefYajcmuf vufzuf&nfZGef; (2)ZGef;pmudk a&aEG;qlql wpfzefcGufü 10rdepfcefY pdrf&ygrnf/ ,if;aq;&nfxJ

odkY ysm;&nf? oHyk&m&nf oifhovdkpyfí aomuf&ygonf/ tiftm;jynfhNzdK;? tvSwdk;aponf[k qdkygonf .../ (pm? 188)

7/ aoG;om;rrSefanmif;ukdufjcif;? tjzLqif;jcif;? qD;yl? qD;atmifh jcif;ESif h pHy,fyGif h ? oMum;?

oHyk&m&nf ...

trsKd;orD;rsm;aoG;om;rrSefí anmif;ukdufjcif;? tjzLqif;jcif;? trsKd;om;rsm; qD;yl? qD;atmifhjzpfvQif

pHy,fyGifhudk oMum;ESifh BudKum? oHyk&m&nftenf;i,fpGufí aomufyg .../ (pm? 191)

8/ iSufzsm;ESif h yifpdrf; ...

iSufzsm;jzpfwJhvlawGudk yifpdrf;½GufjyKwfwkduf&if xl;xl;jcm;jcm;yJ iSufzsm;a&m*gawG uif;pifoGm;ygw,f .../

(pm? 214)

9/ tpmtdrfa&m*g? tpmtdrftemaygufjcif;? tlodrfOD;tem? tpmraMujcif;? cHwGif;ysufjcif;ESif h Ed kudkO ...

EdkudkO ... oifhavsmfaomyrmPudk,lí tcHGETmNyD; yg;yg;vDS;xm;yg/ xdkodkY vDS;í&aom tpyg;av;rsm;udk

zefcGuf odkYr[kwf a<uyef;uefxnfhNyD; ,if;tpav;rsm;jrKyfatmif ysm;&nfavmif;xnfhyg/ ysm;&nf0vmatmif

pdrfxm;yg/ oHk;&ufajrmufonfhaeYrSpí ysm;&nf0vmaom tvGefEl;nHhaysmhaysmif;onfh EdkudkOtzwfuav;rsm;udk

ysm;&nfESifhtwl 0g;pm;yg/ wpfckcsif;? wpfzwfcsif;,lí rMumrMum 0g;pm;yg/ tpmtdrfa&m*g aysmufuif;

oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 196)

10/ cg;em? cg;½k d;usD;aygif;wufESif h yifpdrf;½Guf ...

cg;em? cg;½dk;usD;aygif;wufa&m*gtwGuf yifpdrf;½Gufudk tHkaq;tjzpf tokH;jyKEdkifygw,f .../ (pm? 216)

11/ temvkH;BuD;awG? tusdwfawGESif h yifpdrf;½Guf ...

yifpdrf;½Gufudk a&oefYoefYESifh a&me,fxkaxmif;NyD; tjrpfrxGufEdkifwJh temvkH;BuD;awG? tusdwfawGay:rSm

tkHay;&if ta&mifavsmhNyD; tjrpfvnf; tjref uRwfxGufygw,f/ tom;EkwufNyD; temvnf; tusufjrefygw,f .../

(pm? 216)

12/ rdwf? ,m;em? ayG;? 0JajcmufESif h yifpdrf;½Guf ...

ta&jym;rSmjzpfwwfwJh rdwf? ,m;em? ayG;? 0JajcmufpwmawG jzpf&if yifpdrf;owåK&nfudk aomufvnf;

aomuf oHyk&m&nfeJY a&mNyD;vdrf;ay;&if tjrefaysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 216)

13/ em;jynf,dk? em;udkufESif h yifpdrf;½Guf ...

em;jynf,dk? em;udkufwJhtcg yifpdrf;½Guf vwfvwfqwfqwfudk rD;tkH;NyD; em;xJt&nfn§pfxnfh&ifvnf;

aysmufuif;ygw,f .../ (pm? 216? 219)

14/ uav;avxdk;avatmifh? Ad kufem? oefaumif? wkwfaumifxESif h yifpdrf;½Guf ...

uav;oli,fawG avxdk;atmifhjzpfwJhtcg? oefxNyD; AdkufemwJhtcg yifpdrf;½Guf&nfeJY csif;pdrf;&nf a&mpyfNyD;

oMum;av; enf;enf;pyfNyD; wkdufay;&ygw,f/ yifpdrf;½GufowåK&nf[m tlwGif;uyfyg;awGjzpfwJh oefaumif?

wkwfaumifawGudkvnf; &Sif;Edkifygw,f .../ (pm? 214)

76


15/ acsmif;qdk;? vnfacsmif;emESif h yifpdrf; ...

acsmif;acsmufqdk;wm? tqkwfav>yefa&mifwm? vnfacsmif;emwmawGjzpf&if yifpdrf;½Guf? csif;? MuufoGefeD

owåK&nf (3)rsKd;udk pyfNyD; aomufay;&ygw,f/ 'gqdk ovdyf&? &ifacsmifNyD; acsmif;qdk;vnf;aysmuf? vnfacsmif;em

wm? ,m;wmawGvnf; aysmufuif;apEdkifygw,f .../ (pm? 219)

16/ <uufEd k Y ? wif;wdyf? rS J Uajcmuf? c½koif;ESif h yifpdrf; ...

aMu;eDzvm;uav;wpfvkH;wGif a&Smuf&nf ESpfZGef;xnfhNyD; nodyfxm;yg/ aemufwpfaeYrSm yifpdrf;owåK&nf

ESpfZGef;? uaomhykyft½GufowåK&nf ESpfZGef; xyfxnfhNyD; tJ'D aMu;zvm;av;udk t&nfawG yspfvmwJhtxd

aevSef;&ygw,f/ t&nfawGyspfvm&if zefykvif;oefYoefYxJ ajymif;xnfhNyD;vkdtyfovdk vl;ay;&if wif;wdyf?

rJSUajcmufpwJh tpufajymufawG? <uufEdkYpwmawGomru c½koif;udkyg aysmufapygw,f .../ (pm? 220)

17/ xl;wJhtmvl; ...

tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nf (Fresh Potato Juice) ESif h uifqma&m*g? tonf;a&m*g? qD;csK da&m*g?

tpmtdrfa&m*g? ausmufuyfa&m*g? ESvkH;a&m*g? aoG;wkd;a&m*g? cg;em? yck H;em? usD;aygif;a&m*g ponfwdk Y

oufom Ed kifjcif;? aysmufuif;Ed kif jcif;taMumif;w&m;rsm; ...

,aeY ... *syefEdkifiHrSm "mwfpmazsmf&nfwpfrsKd; acwfpm;aeygw,f/ vltrsm;pdwf0ifpm;vmatmif pwif

azmfxkwfaqmfMocJholuawmh *syefAk'¨bmombkef;awmfBuD; t&SifwdkrDZm0 (Master Tomizawa) yJjzpfygw,f/

xifay:ausmfMum;wJh "mwfpmazsmf&nfuawmh ... ]]tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nf}} (Fresh Potato Juice) yJjzpfygw,f/

*syefEdkifiHwpf0ef;vkH;u tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nfaMumifh a&m*goufomaysmufuif;oGm;wJh vlemawG? vlem&Sif

awGqDu aus;Zl;wifaMumif; yvlysHovkd a&mufvmwJhpmawGudk t&SifwkdrDZm0 vufcH&&dScJhygw,f .../

q&mawmfu ]]'DESpfxJrSm uifqmvlemtrsm;tjym;[m tmvl;pdrf;"mwfpmudk rSD0JcJhMuNyD; rDS0JcJhMuwJhtxJu

vltawmfrsm;rsm;[m ododomomoufomoGm;MuvdkY aorif;EIwfcrf;0u jyefvmEdkifcJhMuygw,f}} vdkY ajymjyygw,f

.../ (pm? 236)

tmvl;pdrf;t&nf wpfzefcGufu? ESpfzefcGuftxd aeYpOfrDS0JoGm;&if tonf;a&m*g? qD;csKda&m*g?

tpmtdrfa&m*g? ausmufuyfa&m*g? ESvkH;a&m*g? aoG;wkd;a&m*g? cg;em? yckH;em? usD;aygif;a&m*gawG aysmufuif;

w,fvkdY qdkMuygw,f/ aysmufuif;aMumif; te,fe,f t&yf&yfu axmufcHpmawGvnf; &&dSxm;aMumif; od&ygw,f/

om"uwpfckjy&&if ]]rpöwmwD}} qdkol[m em;½Gufatmufem;rSm tzkwpfckay:vmwmeJY aq;½kHoGm;jyawmh

uifqmtusdwfqdkNyD; cGJpdwfukoMuygw,f/ 'DYaemuf NyD;cJhwJhESpftxd "mwfuifcJhygw,f/ 'gayr,fh uifqmuvyf

pnf;awGuawmh tqkwfxJwkdifatmif ysHUESHUoGm;ygNyD/ oufqdkif&mq&m0efBuD;awGuvnf; uifqmuvyfpnf;awG

ysHUESHUaeNyDjzpfvdkY ukovdkYr&awmhbl;vdkY qdkygw,f .../

'Daemuf ]]rpöwmwD}} [m tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpmtaMumif; Mum;od&wJhtwGuf t½IH;r&dSbl;qdkNyD; aomuf

Munfhygw,f/ tñTef;twdkif; aeYpOf&ufquf ZJGaumif;aumif;eYJ aomufcJhw,f/ tJ'Dvkd ZGJaumif;aumif;eJY aomufcJh

wJhtwGuf tcktcsdefrSmawmh uifqmuvyfpnf;awG avsmhusoGm;NyD; xdef;csKyfxm;EdkifNyDrdkY usef;rma&;eJYcGeftm;

jyefaumif;vmygw,f/ rlvtvkyftudkifudkvnf; jyefNyD;vkyfudkifEkdifcJhygNyD .../

okawoD t&SifwkdrDZm0u olY&JU ]]uifqma&m*g aMumufp&mrvdk? usef;rmapaMumif; enf;vrf;aumif;}}

(The Way Healthy Life : Cancer not to be Feared) qdkwJhpmtkyfrSm uifqma&m*gukd cGJpdwfukochJonfh

wkdifatmif vlem&JU taMumufw&m;aMumifh uifqmuvyfpnf;awGysHESHYukefygw,f/ NyD;awmh a0'em&Sif[m

uifqmaq; awG tqufrjywfrSD0J&NyD; "mwfuifukorIukdvnf;cH,lcJh&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh tJ'DvlemawG[m

a&m*gvkH;0aysmufuif; oGm;NyD;qkdwJhowif; rMum;&oavmufygyJ/ tJ'DvkdrMum;&wJhtjyif tJ'Djyif;xefwJh ukxHk;awG&JU

77


ab;xGufqkd;usKd;awGukdawmh vlemucHcJh&ygw,f/ tusKd;quftaeeJY vlem[m cHwGif;ysufjcif; tiftm;csdeJYvmjcif;

wYkdjzpfvmygw,f .../

tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpmukd aomufjcif;tm;jzifh ab;xGufqkd;usKd;awG rcHpm;&wJhtjyif wpfaeYwjcm;

tiftm;awG jynfhNzKd;vmwmawGU&ygw,f/ NyD;awmh tmvl;[m oUlyifukd,fukdu tm[m&"mwfawGeJY jynfhpkHwJh

tpmwpfrsKd;jzpfwJh twGuftusKd;r,kwfygbl/ 'gtjyif oUlukd rSefrSefrSD0Jjcif;tm;jzifh uifqmuvyfpnf;awGukd

[efYwm;apw,fvkdY azmfjyxm;ygw,f/

tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpm[m ukd,fwkdif vG,fvG,fulul azmfpyfEkdifNyD; csufcsif;vufiif; aomufokH;Ekdifygw,f/

tcsdefwkdtwGif;rSm ol&JUtmedoifukdawGxdcHpm;Ekdifygw,f/ wpfywf? ESpfywfavmuf aomufNyD;wmeJY emusifukdufcHrI

a0'emawG wpfp? wpfp avsmhyg;oGm;ygw,f/ cHwGif;ysufaewmeJY tom;t&nfawGyg jyefaumif;vmygw,f.../

tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpmukd txl;ojzifh axmufcHwJh aemufwOD;uawmh a'gufwm ukdifEkd&Sdw

(Doctor Kinoshita) jzpfygw,f/ olUtqkdt& tmvl;ukd Oa&mywkdufom;awGu wpfcsdefwkefqDu

]]r[myx0DajrBuD;&JU yef;oD;}} (Apple of the great earth) vkdYac:cJhaMumif;od&ygw,f .../

tmvl;rSm tm[m&"mwfawG pkHpkHvifvifyg&SdNyD; txl;ojzifh Akdufwmrif ]]pD}} "mwfeJY xkH;"mwfwkdY

trsm;qkH;yg0if ygw,f.../ a&S;a[mif;*syefaq;usrf;awGrSm tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpmukd tpmtdrftemaygufjcif;?

0rf;csKyfjcif;awG twGufay;&aMumif; azmfjyxm;ygw,f .../

uifqmuvyfpnf;awGukd xdef;csKyfEkdifwmeJY ywfoufNyD; tmuDwwuúokdvf aq;ynmXmeu ygarmu©

um*grD (Professor Kagami) utmvl;uae uifqmuvyfpnf;ukd xdef;csKyfapEkdifwJh "mwfukd&SmazGazmfxkwfcJh

ygw,f/ tJ'Daq;eJY <uufuav;awGay:rSm prf;oyfMunfhwJhtcg tvm;tvm aumif;rGefaMumif; awGU&ygw,f .../

ol[m tJ'DawGU&Sdcsufukd pmwrf;jyKpkNyD; *smrPDEkdifiHrSm rESpfuusif;ycJhwJh ... tjynfjynfqkdif&m

uifqmnDvmcH (International Cancer Society Conference) rSm zwfMum;wifoGif;cJhygw,f .../

aemufqufwGJtaeeJY tmvl;pdrf;&nf"mwfpm[m uifqmomru aoG;wkd;? qD;csKdeJY ausmufuyfa&m*gawGyg

aysmufuif;apaMumif; awGU&jyefygw,f/ NyD;awmh tmvl;pdrf;&nf "mwfqm;azsmf&nfvkyfief;uvnf; tvGefvG,fulyg

w,f .../

t&G,ftvwfpm; tmvl; (3)vkH;ukd,lNyD; .../ a&pifatmifaq;yg/ tcGHrETm&yg .../

tpkdYtaygufav;awG &Sd&ifawmh z,f&Sm;ypfyg ... NyD;vQif tmvl;ukd ocGm;jcpfovkdrsKd;eJY ao;ao;rTm;rTm;

av;awGukd oefY&Sif;wJh ydwfpdrf;yg;peJY xkyfNyD; t&nfn§pf,lyg (tkef;EkdYn§pfovkdn§pf,lyg)/ NyD; tJ'Dt&nfukd zefcGufxJ

rSmxnfhNyD; t&omaumif;atmif ysm;&nfenf;enf; a&mpyfNyD;aomufyg .../

tJ'D tmvl;pdrf;&nfukd eHeufwkdif; wpfcGufEIef; aomufay;Ekdifygw,f .../ (pm? 235)

18/ xdcd kuf'Pf&m? rkwfqdwf&dwf"m;&SESif h ausmufcsOf...

xdckdufrdvkdY 'Pf&mtemw&jzpfvQif ta&jym;rSmaoG;jcnfOcJh&if? qHyif? rkwfqdwf&dwfvkdY "m;&SrdcJh&if

ausmufcsOfukd a&oefYoefYESifhaoG;vdrf;ayyg/ a&S;uaqwåmonfawG[m ausmufcsOfukd tNrJaqmifxm;avh&SdNyD;

ausmufcsOfyGwfNyD;rS rkwfqdwf&dwfay;Muygonf .../ (pm? 297)

(aqwå = jzwfonf? zsufqD;onf) .../

19/ rdwf,m;?ESif;cltpkd? tqdyf&S dyk d;rTm;ukdufESif h ausmufcsOf ...

aEG&moDrSmyltkdufvGef;vkdY rdwfawGaygufNyD; ,m;,HaecJh&if ausmufcsOfa& usJusJazsmfvdrf;yg/ rSuf? jcifpwJh

tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;udkufwJhtcg ausmufcsOfukd yspfyspfazsmfvdrf;yg/ ESif;cltpkdukdvnf; ausmufcsOfrIefY jzL;ay;&if?

ajcmufoGm;NyD;t,m;oufomapygw,f .../ (pm? 298)

20/ ausmufcsOfESif h tqDus? tom;uspfydefaq; ...

78


ausmufcsOfukd trIefYjyKNyD; ',ftkd;xJxnfh rDtylwkdufay;&if xkHH;vkd azG;azG;jzLwJhtrIefY (ausmufcsOfrD;azmuf)

ukd&r,f/ tJ'DtrIefYwpfa&G;om; aeYpOfrSefrSefpm;ay;&if tqDustom;uspfNyD; ydefapw,fvkdYod&ygw,f .../ (pm? 298)

21/ rsufpda&m*g? em;a&m*gESif h ausmufcsOf...

rsufpdem? rsufcrf;pyfeJY rsufpdpGHwJhtcgrsKd;rSm ausmufcsOfa& usJusJcyfay;Ekdifygw,f em;jynf,kd? em;udkufwJh

tcgrSmvnf; ausmufcsOf&nf xnfhay;vkdY&ygw,f.../(pm? 298)

22/ tdyfraysmfwJha&m*gESif h ausmufcsOf? uRJEk d Yrvkdif...

(EGm;EkdYr[kwf) uRJEkdYrvkdifeJY ausmufcsOfrIefY a&mpyfNyD;aomufay;&if tdyfraysmfwJha&m*g aysmufuif;NyD;

ESpfESpfNcdKufNcdKuftdyfaysmfapygw,f .../(pm? 198)

23/ cHwGif;eH Yraumif;jcif;ESif h ausmufcsOf? pm;qkd'g ...

wpfcgwpf&H 0rf;wGif; tyltykyfrpifvkdYjzpfap? oGm;zkH;eJYoGm;awG raumif;vkdYjzpfap cHwGif;teHY

raumif;jzpfwwf ygw,f .../

pm;qkd'g ESpfq? ausmufcsOfwpfqa&mNyD; rIefYnufaeatmifBudwfay;yg/ tJ'Daq;rIefYeJY oGm;zkH;awGukd tom

wkdYay;yg/ oGm;yGwfwHoHk;p&m rvkdyg/ NyD;&if a&oefYoefYeJY yvkyfusif;ypfyg/ raumif;wJhteHYawG aysmufoGm;½kHrQru

oGm;zkH;eJY oGm;rsm;yg oefY&Sif;oGm;ygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 299)

24/ oGm;yk d;pm;? oGm;ukdufESif h ausmufcsOf?y½kwf...

oGm;ykd;pm;NyD; oGm;ukdufcH&if ausmufcsOfrIefYeJY y½kwfrIefYa&mNyD;ukdufaewJh ae&mwpf0kdufukd tomodyfay;yg/

rMumcifoufomoGm;ygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 299)

25/ temtzkvHk;? tusdwfvHk;ESif h ausmufcsOfysm;&nf...

ta&jym;rSmtzkvHk;awG? tusdwfawGay:vm&if ausmufcsOfrIefYwpfq? ysm;&nfESpfq oratmifa&myg/ tJ'D

aq;&nfukd tusdwftzkwkdYtay: xlxlav;okwfvdrf;NyD; ywfwD;pav;tomuyfay;½kHeJY El&ifydefvkdY? &ifY&ifaygufNyD;

aysmufoGm;ygvdrfr,f .../(pm? 299)

26/ oGm;zk H;a&pD;urf;NydKaoG;xGufESif h ausmufcsOfwrm½Guf...

oGm;zkH;awGa&pD;urf;NyKdvkdufNyD; aoG;cPcPxGufae&if ausmufcsOfeJYwrm½Guf a&mNyD; oGm;zkHwpfavQmuf

tomyGwfay;yg .../ (pm? 300)

27/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHESif h ausmufcsOf ...

ESmacgif;aoG;vQH&ifawmh 0g*Grf;ukd ausmufcsOf&nfqGwfNyD; ESmacgif;0rSm tomqkdYxm;yg/ tJ'Dtckduf

twefYrSmawmY toufukdyg;pyfeJY &SLyg/ rMumcif aoG;wdwfoGm;ygvdrfhr,f .../

(ausmufcsOf[m vG,fulxda&mufwJh aq;wpfvufjzpfwmrkdY tdrfwkdiff;aqmifxm;oifhygw,f) .../ (pm? 300)

o Q o Q o

79


80


(13) a&m*gokw aq;okw

a'gufwmatmifEk dif (aq;okawoe)

yxrtBudrf? 2002? azaz:0g&Dv/ wefzk d; 750usyf/ awmf0ifpmay .../

1/ ÓmPftm;aumif;apjcif;ESif h jrif;cGm½Guf ...

jrif;cGm½Gufukd ae&dyfrSm aoGUatmifvSef;yg.../

(1) jrif;cGm½Gufajcmuf ... 5 rl;om;

(2) Am'HapxJutqef ... 7 aph

(3) i½kwfaumif;aph ... 8 a&G;om;

(4) oMum; ... 1.5 usyfom;

tm;vkH;pkaygif; a&maxmif;NyD; eHeufapmapm 0rf;xJrSm bmtpmrSr&Sdcsdef a&eJYaomuf&ygw,f.../

aeYpOfaomufvkdY wpfywf? ESpfywftMumrSm ÓmPftm;awGaumif;vmjcif;? OD;aESmuftm;aumif;vmjcif; ESifh

rSwfÓmPfawG xufoefvmaMumif; odomvmygvdrfr,f .../ (pm? 3)

2/ OD;aESmuftm;aq;ESif h Am'HoD;ysm;&nf ...

Am'HoD;tay:cGHu tom;[m arhwwfolawG? rSwfÓmPfenf;olawGtwGuf tm;ukd;wpfckygyJ/ 'gukdvnf;

tdEd,EkdifiHeJY oD&dvuFmEkdifiHawGrSm okawoejyKxm;NyD;ygNyD ... olwkdYqDrSm ysm;&nfeJY ,kdxkd;NyD; OD;aESmuftm;aq;

tjzpfay;Muygw,f .../ (pm? 4)

(Am'HoD;tm; t&yftac: ... b@moD;/ b@myifrStoD; .../)

3/ ODaESmuftm;aq;ESif h Am'HoD;? axmywf ...

Am'HoD;aysmfaysmf(12)vkH; (wpfq,fESpfvHk;)ukd pifMu,fatmifaq;NyD; tay:om;ukdZGef;eJY jcpf,lyg/ NyD;&if tJ'D

aysmhzwfawGukd axmywfenf;enf;eJY a&macsyg/ oroGm;wJhtcg ZGef;eJYcwfpm;yg/ wpfaeYwmtwGuf aq; jzpfygw,f

.../ (pm? 4)

4/ rSwfÓmPfaumif;jcif;ESif h Am'HqD ...

Am'HqDukd aq;qkdifawGrSm 0,f,l&Ekdifygw,f/ tJ'DAm'HqD (10)pufavmufukd ESm&SLay;yg/ (reufwpfBudrf?

nwpfBudrf)/ rSwfÓmPf ododomomwkd;wufvmygvdrfhr,f .../ (pm? 4)

5/ wkwfauG;ESif h yifpdrf;? csif; ...

wkwfauG;jzpf&if ]]Akdufwmrif-pD}} [mvnf; aumif;aumif;taxmuftuljyKw,fvkdY wcsKdUokawoe awGU&Sd

csufawGuqkdygw,f/ pGwfjyKwfvkd? qefjyKwfvkd El;nHhNyD;tpmaMuvG,fwJh tpm;tpm ylylaEG;aEG;ukdvnf; aomufokH;

oifhygw,f .../

tm;ukd;xkdufwJhaq;wpfrsKd;u yifpdrf;½GufajcmufeJY csif;ajcmufukdqwla&mxm;wJh aq;rIefYukdEGm;EkdY? oMum;

a&mpyfvkdY vufzuf&nfaomufovkd ylylav;aomufay;yg/ wpfaeY okH;MudrfrS av;Mudrftxdaomufay; Ekdifygonf.../

awmfawmfav;xda&mufwJh aq;jzpfygw,f .../ (pm? 18)

6/ wkwfauG;ESif h eEGif;rIef Y ...

eEGif;rIefY vufzuf&nfwpfZGef;ukd a&eJYvHk;NyD; EGm;EdkY ylylav;? aumfzDylylav;eJY aomufay;Ekdifygw,f/

wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomufay;&if jrefjreftzsm;aysmufvkdkY jrefjrefevefxvmrSmjzpfygw,f/ ajcanmif;? vufaojzpfjcif;?

81


0rf;csKyfjcif;? ovdyfxjcif;awGukdvnf; aysmufuif;apygw,f/ Muyfckd;av; enf;enf;a&mNyD; aomufEkdif&if

ykdaumif;ygw,f .../ (pm? 19)

7/ avema&m*gESif h qD;jzLoD;? EG,fcsK d ...

qD;jzKoD;tajcmuf(taphryg&) ukd trIefYaxmif;? EG,fcsKdrIefYqwla&mNyD; wpfcgaomuf [if;aomufZGef;

(wpf)ZGef;/ wpfaeY 2Budrf? 3Budrfxdaomufay;Ekdifygw,f .../ (pm? 39)

8/ avema&m*gESif h zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;tpdrf; ...

iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;&ifh&ifh(rrSnfh? raysmfao;) ukdtcGHETm tom;ukdyg;yg;vSD; tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKNyD;? tJ'DtrIefY

[if;aomufZGef;eJY wpfZGef; wpfaeY 2Budrf? 3Budrf a&ESifhjzpfap EGm;EdkYESifhjzpfap aomufay;&if avemaysmufapygw,f

.../ (pm? 39)

9/ yef;em&ifusyfESif h acG;ao;yef;½Guf ...

azmfjyxm;wJh t½GufawGukd ae&dyfrSmajcmufaoGUygap aq;tm;vHk;pkNyD; trIefYjyKyg/ NyD;&if ysm;&nfeJY

awNyD;a&G;aphcefYt&G,f tvHk;av;awGvHk;xm;yg/ uav;twGufwpfaeY wpfvHk;? vlBuD; 2vHk; uae 4vHk;xd?

a&aEG;eJY wkdufay;Ekdifygw,f ../ (pm? 65)

(1) acG;ao;yef;yifyÍöig;yg; ... 10 usyfom;

(2) rk&m;BuD;½Guf ... 10 usyfom;

(3) &Sm;apmif;BuD;ukdif;EkEk ... 5 usyfom;

(4) r½kd;½Guf (ijzLBuD;) ... 5 usyfom;

(5) ZD;jzLoD;ajcmuf ... 5 usyfom;

(6) w½kwfpum; ... 5 usyfom;

(7) qm;avSmf ... 5 usyfom;

10/ yef;em&ifusyfESif h awmMuufarmufaq;vdyf f...

1/ awmMuufarmuft½Gufajcmuf

2/ r½kd;½Gufajcmuf (ijzLBuD;)

3/ y'dkif;nKd½Gufajcmuf

4/ uGrf;½Gufajcmuf

txufyg (4)rsKd;ukd ae&dyfrSmvSef; ½Sdef;ckdt&nfazsmfNyD; enf;enf;zsef;ay;yg/ aumif;aumif;ajcmufvQif

a&Smuf½GuftajcmufESifh aq;vdyfukdvdyfxm;yg/ armNyD;usyfvmNyDqkd&if tJ'Daq;vdyfukd rD;&SdKU NyD; aomuf½SKay;yg .../

touf&SL&wm acsmifvmNyD; &ifusyfwm oufomvmygvdfrfhrnf .../ (pm? 65)

11/ qD;Budwfa&mifa&m*g (nbuf cPcP qD;oGm;csifwJha&m*g) ESif h cHwuf½Guf ...

qD;Budwfa&mifa&m*gvu©Pmrsm;

(1) qD;poGm;&wm cufcJjcif;? qD;xGufatmifacsmhNyD;rSoGm;&jcif;/

(2) qD;oGm;csifNyDqkd&if ckcsufcsif;xoGm;&rvkd tvQifpvkdjzpfjcif;/

(3) qD;vHk;u wjznf;jznf;ao;vmNyD;? a0;a0;a&mufatmifryef;EkdifbJ tm;aysmhvmjcif;/

(4) omrefoGm;&if qD;rukefEkdifbJ ykdrkdtm;pkdufNyD;n§pfxkyf vkdfufrSukefwwfjcif;/

(5) nbufqkd&if cPcP xNyD;qD;oGm;csifvkdYtdyfa&;ysuf&jcif;/

(6) qD;oGm;NyD;aomfvnf; rukefao;bJ wpfpuf? wpfpufusaeao;vkdY abmif;bD? ykqdk;ponf

qD;pkdukefwwfjcif;/

82


(7) qD;oGm;ayr,fhvnf; r0ao;bJ xyfNyD;oGm;csifaeNyD; qD;usefwJha0'emukdcHpm;ae&jcif;/

(8) wu,fvnf; qD;tdrfxJrSm qD;enf;enf;usefaewwfygw,f/ usefaewmMumvmawmh ulpufa&m*g

ykd;awGaMumifh ykyfokd;NyD; qD;tdrf a&mifvmwwfjcif;/ xkdtcg qD;oGm;&if ylpyfylavmifjzpfjcif;/

qD;tdrfxJrSmvnf; rtDrvnfjzpfaejcif;/

(9) wpfcgwpf&H tzsm;odyfrBuD;aomfvnf; zsm;wwfjcif; ajcaxmufeJY cg;awGrSm anmif;nmukdufcJ

aewwfjcif;/

(10) ½kwfw&uf qD;roGm;Ekdifonfhtjyif qD;tdrfBuD; azmif;aeonfhtwGuf nOf;ñlatmf[pf&avmuf

atmif tcH&cufjcif; .../ (pm? 117)

ukoykH.../

wkdif;&if;aq;enf;t& pdwfcs&NyD; xufjrufwJhaq;yifuawmh ukef;cHwufygyJ/ olYt½Gufukd csnfzwfxnfh

a&mif;wJh cHwufyifygyJ .../ cHwuf½Guf (3)½Gufukd a&oifh½kH yPmreJY (ESpfcGuf wpfcGufwif) usKdNyD; aeYpOf

aomufoifhygonf/ tjrpftacgufukd ausmufysOfoefYoefY rSmaoG;NyD;&vmwJh tESpfryspfrusJukd a<uZGef;BuD;wpf

ZGef;usaomufay;yg .../ (pm? 121)

12/ qD;rxdef;Ek difaom a&m*gvu©PmESif h owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm; ...

(1) qD;rMumrMumoGm;wwfygw,f/

(2) qD;xGufuscgeD;rS qD;oGm;csifpdwf ay:vmwwfygw,f/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh qD;oGm;csifNyDqkd&if

csufcsif;jyefoGm;&jyefygw,f/ atmifhxm;vkdYr&bJ xGufuswwfygw,f wcsKdUqkd qD;oGm;csifpdwfawmif

rjzpfawmhbJ qD;tdrfwif;wmeJY olYtvkdvkd xGufuswwfygw,f/

(3) acsmif;qkd;jcif;? ESmacsjcif;? tm;&yg;&&,fjcif;? tav;tyifrjcif;?ponfwkdYtrSwfrxifjyKrd&ifvnf;

qD;xGufoGm;wwfygw,f/

(4) wcsKdUuawmh wpdrfhpdrfheJY tNrJyJpkdaewwfygw,f/ tcktcHawG a&jr§KyfawG oefY&Sif;a&;ypönf;awG

b,fvkdokH;oHk; ]]qD;eYH}} eHaewwfygw,f/ txl;ojzifh oufBuD;&G,ftkdawG? avief;orm;awG

cg;qpf½kd;xdxm;olawGrSm jzpfwwfygw,f/ jzpfavh&Sdygw,f/

(5) tdyfaysmfae&ifvnf; qD;oGm;wwfygw,f .../ (pm? 42)

owdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm;

(1) udk,f0ef½SdcsdefrSm cg;atmufykdif;eJY wifyg;qkHykdif;<uufom;awGukd arG;zGm;&vG,fatmif avhusifhay;yg/

(2) qD;roGm;bJ tMumBuD; atmifhrxm;oifhygbl;/

(3) vrf;avQmufjcif;pwJh ayghyg;aom udk,fvufvIyf&Sm;rI vkyfay;NyD; ukd,ftav;csdefrwkd;atmif *½kjyKyg.../

(pm? 44)

13/ ausmufuyfa&mifa&m*gESif h Bwdzv... (opfqdrf hoD;? MupkoD;? qD;jzLoD;= Bwdzv)

rsufemazmoGyfoGyfjzpfjcif;? qD;yljcif;? usOfjcif;? eDjcif;? aoG;ygjcif;? cg;emjcif;? wpfcgwpf&H ysKdUjcif;? Akdufemjcif;?

acgif;ukdufjcif;? tefjcif;? 0rf;ysufjcif; awGjzpfEkdifygw,f/ qD;enf;enf;ESifh wppfppf rMumcPoGm;wwf ygw,f.../

(pm? 122)

ukoykH .../

ausmufuyfa&mifwJholukd a&rsm;rsm;aomufapNyD; tyltpyfawG? tiefawG? 'Hayguf? xrif;aMumf?

MumqHaMumf? bJuifpwJh taMumfawGtuifawG vufvkyfcsOfawG a&Smif&ygw,f/ qD;enf;&if rkefvmOukd t&nfn§pf

NyD;wpfcgaomuf 300 pDpD wpfaeY (2) Budrfwkdufyg .../ (pm? 124)

aumif;aumif;tdyfpufem;ae&ygr,f ... zsm;ae&if avpdrf;twkdufrcHygeJY/ 0rf;csKyf&if 0rf;rSefrSefoGm;atmif

aqmif½Gufyg .../ Bwdzv (opfqdrfhoD;? MupkoD;? qD;jzLoD;) ukd trIefYjyKí tdyf&m0ifcsdefrSSm vufzuf&nfZGef; wpfZGef;

83


a&at;eJYjzpfap? EGm;EdkYeJjzpfap aomufyg/ aq;ukvm;rukd a&rpdrfbJ tajcmuftwkdif; trIefYMurf;jyKí

vufzuf&nfwpfZGef; a&eJY aomufyg .../ (pm? 124)

y&Eé0gyif yÍöig;yg;ukd tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKí wpfcgaomufaq;csdef wpfyJom;ukd...wpfaeYoHk; Budrfwkdufyg/

ausmufz½kH[if;csKd? jrif;cGm½Guf[if;csKd? Muuf[if;cg;[if;csKd? uefYuvm½Guf[if;csKd ponfwkdYukdvnf;

wkdufay;oifhygw,f .../ (pm? 124)

14/ yoda&mif (tmoD;a&mif) a&m*g ...

vnfyif;BudwfawG Muyfxkyfxkd;ay;jcif;? vufcsm;eJY ysm;&nfpyfNyD;ikHay;jcif;? 'efYovGefjrpfukd qm;eJYaoG;

xm;wJh (t&nfusJusJukd) ikHay;jcif; jyKEkdifygw,f/ NyD;awmh EG,fcsKdrIefY? y'JaumrIefY? vif;aerIefYukd ysm;&nfeJYpyfvkdY

rMumcP vsufay;&ifvnf; aysmufEkdifygw,f.../ (pm? 130)

15/ rsufESmwpfjcrf;aoa&m*gESif h BuD;av;aumifaq; ...

rsufESmukdaxmufyHhwJh trSwf(7) OD;aESmuftm½kHaMum[m em;o,fem;uxGufwmrkdY tJ'Dae&mw0kdufukd

qm;Muyfxkyfxkd;ay;&ygr,f/ atmufygaq;ya[Vduav;ukd azmfxkyfNyD; aq;azmfEkdifygw,f/ aq;enf;ya[Vdu

]]BuD;av;aumif? aMumifeJY zd? aMumifqifeif;? qifuifyGef;wyf}} jzpfygw,f/

BuD;av;aumifqkdwmu vufxkyfBuD;? ouf&if;BuD;? oyGwfBuD;eJY? caygif;BuD;wkdYyg... aMumifeJYzd qkdwmu

aMumifyef;½Gufukdqkdvkdwmyg/ aMumifqifeif;qkdwm... qifwkH;rEG,fyg/ qifuifyGef;wyfqkdwmu uifyGef;csOf½Gufukd

qkdvkdygw,f.../

BuD;av;aumifaq; ...

(1) vufxkyfBuD;acguf ... wpfusyfom;

(2) ouf&if;BuD;jrpf ... wpfusyfom;

(3) oyGwfBuD;jrpf ... wpfusyfom;

(4) caygif;BuD;jrpf ... wpfusyfom;

(5) aMumifyef;½Guf ... ESpfusyfom;

(6) qifwkH;rEG,f ... ESpfusyfom;

(7) uifyGef;csOf½Guf ... ESpfusyfom;

aq;tr,fawGpkNyD; trIefYjyKxm;yg/ yg;wpfjcrf;aoNyD; &GJU&if aq;rIefY vufzuf&nfwpfZGef;ukd wpfaeY

ESpfBudrf a&aEG;eJY aomufoifhygw,f .../ (pm? 156)

16/ 0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf; ...

(1) uopfzk (uopfql;) ukd aoG;vdrf;&ifvnf;aysmufEkdifygw,f .../

(2) z½kHoD; tn§mtajcmufukdqefaq;&nfeJY aoG;NyD;vlay;&ifvnf;&ygw,f .../

(3) jrif;cGm½Guft&nfn§pfNyD;? tJ'DowåK&nfukd vdrf;ay;&ifvnf; aysmufygw,f .../ (pm? 178)

o Q o Q o

84


(14) vufawGUtoHk;0if½k d;&maq;yifESif haq;enf;rsm;

armif,OfEG,f

yxrtBudrf? 2002? atmufwdkbmv/ wefzk k f d; 800usyf/ tm;refopfpmay .../

1/ qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwfjcif;ESif h u&ruf ...

u&rufonf eHYomeD? eHYomjzL? tausmf? prÜm? u&ruf ... [laom eHYomrsKd;ig;yg;wGif yg0ifonf/ t&G,fr

a&mufao;bJ qHyifjzLjcif;? qHyifrsm;taxG;vkdufuRwfjcif;rsm; jzpfaeygvQif u&rufukdaoG;í qm;tenf;i,f

xnfhNyD; tdyf&m0ifwkdif; [if;cyfZGef; wpfZGef; aomufay;yg .../ (pm? 16?19)

2/ ESvkH;wkef?&ifckefolrsm;? aoG;yla&m*g&Sifrsm; ESif h u&ruf ...

ESvHk;wkef &ifckefolrsm;? aoG;yla&m*g&Sifrsm; u&rufukd a&csKd;NyD;wkdif; wpfukd,fvkH; aoG;vdrf;ay;yg/ xkdYaemuf

u&rufaoG;xm;aomt&nfukd [if;cyfZGef; wpfZGef;aeYpOfaomufyg .../ (pm? 19)

3/ rdwfzkrsm;xGufjcif; ESif h u&ruf...

rdwfzkuav;rsm;? rdwfzkBuD;rsm;xGufí ,m;vQif u&rufukd qm;ESifhaoG;í a&csKd;NyD;wkdif; wpfudk,fvHk;vdrf;

ay;yg? tjrefaysmufonf .../ (pm? 19)

4/ jynfwnfaomtemESif h u&ruf ...

jynfwnfaom temjzpfvQif temukda&jzifh pifMu,fpGmaq;í u&rufukd aeYpOf aoG;vdrf;ay;yg

temtaysmufjrefonf .../ (pm? 19)

5/ tylBuD;í tjyif;zsm;ESif h u&ufruf...

tjyif;zsm;í tylBuD;vQif u&rufaoG;&nfESifh Muuf[if;cg;owåK&nf a&mpyfí rMumcPvdrf;ay;yg/ þokdY

rvdrf;rD vlemukdyxrOD;pGm xkdt&nfjzifh awmufay;yg/ xkdaemuf t0wfyg;yg;jzifhjcHKxm;&rnf/ rMumrD ukd,fylrsm;

avQmusoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (Muuf[if;cg;½Gufr&vQif qefaq;&nfjzifh tokH;jyKEkdifygonf/)(pm? 19)

6/ n§if;wif;wdyfESif h yifv,fuopfzk ...

uopfzk (2)rsKd; &Sdonf/ yifv,fuopfESifh awmifuopf/ yifv,fuopfzkukd ausmufjyifwGifaoG;í vdrf;ay;

jcif;jzifh tom;t&nf acsmrGwfvmNyD; n§if;? wif;wdyfpaom ta&jym;a&m*grsm;ukdvnf; aysmufuif;aponf/

tom;t&nfukdvnf; at;jrapí udk,fwGif;&Sd tylckd;rsm;ukd xkwf,lEkdifpGrf;&Sdygonf .../ (pm? 21)

7/ ESvkH;wkef? &ifckef? tdyfraysmf? qD;0gcsKyf? 0rf;csKyf? ezlyl? ajczsm;vufzsm;at;ESif h uifyGef;csOf½Guf ...

uav;? vlBuD;? usm;r ra&G; qD;0gcsKyf? 0rf;csKyf? ezl;yl? ajczsm;vufzsm;at;? ESvHk;wkef? &ifckef? tddyfraysmf?

acR;rxGufí zsm;ema&m*grsm; jzpfaevQif uifyGef;csOf½GufMurf;ukd oMum;ESifh usKdí qm;pdrf;cyfNyD;vQif aeYvnf(12)

em&D tcsdefwGif vlBuD;jzpfygu vufzuf&nfMurf;yef;uefwpfvHk; ylylrIwfaomufyg/ aemufacR;atmif;yg/

aemufoHk;em&D wpfBuDrfaomufyg .../ (pm? 25)

8/ tom;0gESif h uifyGef;csOf½Guf ...

(1) uifyGef;csOf½GufMurf;oefYoefY ... ig;usyfom;

(2) xef;vsuf ... wpfq,fom;

(3) a& ... wpfydóm

85


tm;vHk;a&mpyfNyD; ig;q,fom;usefatmif tdk;tzHk;zGihfí usKdyg/ wpfBudrfaomuf ESpfusyfom;cefY

wpfaeYoHk;Budrf wkdfufay;jcif;jzifh tom;0ga&m*g aysmufuif;onf/ tom;0ga&m*g jzpfaepOftwGif; tyltpyfrsm;? qD

om;ig;rsm;? EkdYtrsKd;rsKd; a&SmifMuOfyg/ toD;t½Guf? opfoD;0vH rsm;ukdpm;oHk;vQif taumif;qkH;jzpfonf .../ (pm? 26)

9/ aoG;tH? aoG;0rf;? ESmacgif;aoG;,kdESif h uefpGef;O ...

uefpGef;Oukd jyKwfNyD;yg;yg;vSD;um tajcmufvSef;? trIefYaxmif;? *vlukdYpf? oMum;ponfwkdYESifh csifhcsdefí

a&usufat;jzifh wkdufyg/ tqkdyga&m*grsm; aysmufuif;csrf;omrnf .../ (pm? 31)

10/ qD;yl? anmif;usESif h uefpGef;½Guf ...

qD;ylanmif;usESifh a&iwfemrsm;twGuf uefpGef;½GufowåK&nfukd oMum;a&mí vufzuf&nf

tMurf;yef;uefjzifh wpfaeYoHk;cgaomuf/ qD;ESifh a&iwfa&m*g aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 32)

11/ rD;avmifem? a&aEG;ylavmifemESif h uefpGef;½Guf...

uefpGef;½GufowåK&nfukd rD;avmifem? a&aEG;ylavmifemay:okdY 0g*Grf;jzifh t&nfukdqGwfNyD; rMumcP

vdrf;ay;yg/ ylavmifjcif; oufomí taysmufjref\ .../ (pm? 32)

12/ tylusdwfrsm;ESif h upGef;½k d;eD ...

vnfyif;ESifh aygifxdyf tylusdwfrsm;xGufvQif uefpGef;½kd;eD ESpfpD;ukd xef;vsuf (3)cJavmufESifh xuf0ufus

atmifBuKdyg/ wpfaeY oHk;Budrfaomufay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;onf/ tcsKdUutusdwfrsm;xGufvQif uifqma&m*gxifí

tvGefaMumufMuonf/ txufygenf;twkdif; aiGukefaMu;usr&SdbJ &ufqufaomufay;yg/ tusdwfrsm;aMuí tyl

rsm;usoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 32)

13/ tqdyfoifh jcif;ESif h uefpGef;½Guf ...

tqdyfwpfrsKd;oifhygu uefpGef;½GufowåK&nfukd rMumcPwkdufay;jcif;jzifh tqdyfoifhjcif;rS aysmuf

uif;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 32)

14/ yg;pyfeHjcif;? yg;pyfwGiftemaygufjcif;? oGm;zk H;rSaoG;,kdjcif;? aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;ESif h uefpGef;½k d;eD ...

uefpGef;½kd;teDukd refusnf;rSnfhjzifh csnf&nf[if; csufpm;yg .../ aeYpOfpm;vQif txufyga&m*grsm;

aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 33)

15/ vdyfacgif;a&m*gESif h w½kwfuefpGef; ...

vdyfacgif;tjyifokdYxGufí rcHomatmifusdef;pyfjcif;? atmifhpaoma0'emrsm; cHpm;ae&ygu uefpGef;½GuftjzL

(w½kwfuefpGef;) ukdxkaxmif;? t&nfn§pf,lNyD; pdrfEkdifaomypönf;wpfckwGif xnfhí rMumcP pdrfay;vQif oufom


16/ oGm;udkufjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

oGm;ukdufvQif ukdufaomoGm;tay: MuufoGefeDpdwfukd zdukdufxm;yg/ cPem;yg/ cPMumvQif

MuufoGefeDpdwfukd txufygtwkdif; oGm;jzifhzdukdufxm;ygOD;/þokdY &yfem;vkduf ukdufvkduf rMumcPjyKvkyfay;vQif


17/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD...

MuufoGefeDOBuD; vDS;í emem&SLay;yg .../ (pm? 145)

86


18/ em;ukdufjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

em;ukdufvQif MuufoGefeDOukd rD;zkwfí cyfaEG;aEG;wGif t&nfn§pfí em;wGif;okdY tpufcsxnfhay;yg/

em;ukdufaysmufonf .../ (pm? 37)

19/ qHyifjzLjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

qHyifjzLrsm;vmvQif aeYpOfMuufoGefOeDukd tenf;i,fvDS;íOD;a&ukdyGwfwkdufay;yg/ t&nfukefvQif

enf;enf;xyfvSD;í wpfzefyGwfwkdufay;yg/ þokdY yGwfwkdufay;oGm;ygu qHyifrsm;jyefeufvmygrnf .../ (pm? 36)

20/ acG;ukdufjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

acG;aumif;jzpfap? acG;½l;jzpfap tukdufcH&vQif a&jzifh'Pf&mudk pifMu,fatmifaq;ypfyg/ NyD;vQif

'Pf&mrsm;ukd n§pfNyD;tqdyfrsm;xkwfypfyg/ xkdaemuf MuufoGefeDOBuD 2 vHk;? 3vkH;ukd tpdrf;twkdif;

nufatmifaxmif;NyD; acG;oGm;ukdufxm;aom ae&mwGif tkHí ywfwD;pnf;ay;jcif;jzifh acG;½l;jyefjcif;?

acG;qdyfwufjcif;wkdYrS oufomaysmufuif;aponf .../ (pm? 37)

21/ uif;? tqdyf&S d yk drTm;rsm;ukdufjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

uif;ESifh tjcm;tqdyf&Sdaom ykd;rTm;rsm;ukdufvQif MuufoGefeDukdvSD;í 'Pf&mukd a&ESifh aq;aMumNyD;

ememyGwfwkdufay;yg/ rlvtqdyfukd ajyaponf .../ (pm? 37)

22/ qefyk d;wG,fjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

qeftkd;xJü qefrsm;ukd ydk;rwG,fap&ef MuufoGefeD okH;av;vkH;ukd tNrJ xnfhxm;yg .../ (pm? 37)

23/ xdyfajymifjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

MuufoGefeDOBuD;ukd xufykdif;jzwfí ajymifaeaomxdyfukd yGwfwkdufay;yg/ wpfzefMuufoGefOukdxyf rHvSD;í

xyfrHyGwfwkdufay;yg/ þokdYaeYpOf yGwfwkdufay;jcif;jzifh ajymifaeaomxdyfrSm qHyifrsm;jyefvnfaygufEkdif ygonf .../

(pm? 37)

24/ acgif;&S daAmuf? oef;rsm;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

MuufoGefeDukdpdwfí wpfacgif;vkH;tESH? ememyGwfwkdufNyD; acgif;avQmfay;yg/ aAmufESifhoef;rsm;uifpifoGm;

ygvdrfrnf .../ (pm? 38)

25/ ausmufuyf? qD;ESif h MuufoGefeD...

MuufoGefeDOBuD; ESpfvHk;cefYukd av;pdwf pdwfí a&rwfcGufBuD;wpfcGufwGif reufpdrfxm;yg/ ntdyf&m0if

t0aomufyg .../ þokdY aeYpOfjyKvkyfoGm;vsif ausmufuyfESifh qD;raumif;jcif;rS oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../

(pm? 38)

26/ aoG;wkd;ESvkH;ESif h MuufoGefjzL?ysm;&nf ...

tcGHETmNyD;aom MuufoGefjzLOwpfvkH;\ ywfvnfü wG,fcsdwfjzifh taygufuav;rsm; azmufNyD; ysm;&nfwGif

pdrfxm;yg/ wpfaeYvQifwpfBudrf ykvif;ukd vIyfcgay;yg/ ckESpf&ufjynfhvQif aq;0g;tjzpf toHk;jyKEkdifonf .../

MuufoGefjzLpdrfxm;aomysm;&nfukd [if;pm;ZGef; wpfZGef; reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrfaomufay;yg/

Ouav;rsm;ukdvnf; reufwpfO? nwpfO pm;ay;yg/ þokdYaeYpOfpm;aomufjcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;? ESifhESvkH;a&m*grsm;

oufomapygonf/

87


MuufoGefjzLonf aoG;yspfjcif; aoG;usJjcif;rsm;ukdumuG,fonf/ ESvHk;aoG;aMumrsm;wGif tqDyGm;jcif;?

ESvkH;aoG;aMum usOf;jcif;rsm;ukdvnf; umuG,fay;onf/ xkdaMumifh aoG;wkd;ESifh ESvkH;a&m*grsm;ukd

oufomjcif;jzpfonf .../ (pm? 41)

27/ acG;ukdufjcif;ESif h MuufoGefjzL ...

txufyg trSwfpOf (20) MuufoGefeDtwkdif; .../

28/ tqpfa&mifa&m*gESif h Muuf[if;cg;oD;tEk ...

Muuf[if;cg;oD;tEkukd rD;zkwfyg/ taeawmf&SdvQif rD;zkdrS q,fí t&nfn§pf,lNyD; xkdt&nfukd

tqpfa&mifaeaom ae&mrsm;ü rMumcPvdffrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 44)

29/ qD;csK da&m*gESif h Muuf[if;cg; ...

Muuf[if;cg;yif yÍöig;yg;ukd "m;jzifh EkyfEkyfpOf;í a&jzifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwifusKdyg/ xkda&rsm;ukdppf,lNyD;

ykvif;oefYoefYwGif xnfhyg/ reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf vufzuf&nfMurf;yef;uefwpfvHk; aeYpOfrSefrSefaomufoGm;yg

qD;csKda&m*g oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 45)

aemufwpfenf;rSm Muuf[if;cg;yif yÍöig;yg;ukdowåK&nfn§pfí tMurf;yef;uef wpf0ufcefY aeYpOfrSefrSef

aomufay;jcif;jzifh qD;csKda&m*goufomapygonf.../ (pm? 46)

qD;csKda&m*g&Sdoltm; acwfrDud&d,mrsm;jzifh qD;ukdcsufí rSwfwrf;wifxm;yg/ xkdaemufMuuf[if;cg;&Gwfpdrf;

&nf(owåK&nf) ukdwkdufauR;yg/ xkdaemuf qD;udkxyfrH ppfaq;Munfyg qD;csKda&m*g oufomoGm;onfukd

tHzG,fawG&ygrnf .../ (pm? 11)

30/ azma&m*gESif h aMumifyef;½Guf? ouf&if;BuD;jrpf ...

aMumifyef;½GufowåK&nfwGif ouf&if;BuD;jrpfaoG;xm;onfh t&nfqwlxnfhí reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf

aomufay;jcif;jzifh azma&m*g aysmufuif;aponf .../ (pm? 49)

31/ anmif;usa&m*gESif h aMumifyef;½Guf ...

anmif;usa&m*gjzpfvQif aMumifyef;½Guf okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfí reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrfaomuf

ay;ygu aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 49)

32/ cE¨mukd,fav;vHxkdif;rI dif;jcif;? ukd,fwpfjcrf;av;vHjcif;ESif h aMumifyef;½Guf ...

cE¨mukd,fav;vHxkdif;rIdif;jcif;? ukd,fwpfjcrf;av;vHjcif;jzpfvQif aMumifyef;½Guf okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfí

vufzuf&nftMurf; yef;uefvHk;wpfvHk;cefY reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrfaomufay;yg/ ukd,f&nfppfNyD; ½kyfav;vHrIrsm;

aysmufuif;ygrnf .../ (pm? 49)

33/ trsK d;orD;rsm; tom;ta&,m;jcif;? trnf;uGufrsm;jzpfjcif;ESif h BudwfrSef½Guf ...

trsKdorD;rsm; tom;ta&,m;vQif tndKrnf;uGufrsm;jzpfvQif BudwfrSef½GufjyKwfukdokwfNyD;

rSefrSefpm;ay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;apEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 52)

34/ trm&GwftjzLuGufBuD;rsm;ESif h BudwfrSef&Gwf...

ta&jym;ay:wGif 'Pf&maMumifh vnf;aumif;? rD;? a&aEG;ylavmifjcif;aMumifh vnf;aumif; t½kyfqdkk;pGm

trm&Gwfrsm;? tjzLuGufBuD;rsm; usef&pfwwfygonf/ BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd aeYpOfvdrf;ay;ygu aysmuf

uif;apygonf .../ (pm?52)

88


35/ qHyifeufjcif;ESif h BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½Guf tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyK tkef;qDESifh a&mpyfí aeYpOfvdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 52)

36/ wkwfxkd;jcif; (ptkd0,m;jcif;) ESif h BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfukd 0g*Grf;wGif qGwfí ptkd0wGifokwfay;yg .../

wkwfxkd;jcif;rS oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 52)

37/ c½koif;? orifjzL ESif h BudwfrSefjrpf? zefcg;jrpf ...

BudwfrSefjrpf? zefcg;jrpfwkdYukdjymcsum ykef;&nfBuD;jzifh a&mpyfí aeYpOfvdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh c½koif;uGufrsm;


38/ rtkdremaq;ESif h BudwfrSef ...

BudwfrSef½Guf? ESrf;euf? qD;jzLoD;tajcmuf qwla&mpyfí trIefYjyKyg/ txufygaq;rIefYwpfqukd oMum;(3)

qjzifh xyfrHa&mpyfyg/ reufvufzuf&nfwpfZGef;? nvufzuf&nfwpfZGef; oHk;aqmifyg/ þaq;ukdrSefrSefpm;oHk;jcif;

jzifhtcsdefra&mufrD tkdjcif;? emjcif;? yg;a&wGefYjcif;? tiftm;ukefcef;jcif;? yef;ao;yef;n§Kd;jcif;?tom;t&nf

ajcmufcef;paom ½kyfvu©Pmrsm; oufomaysmufuif;apEkdifonf.../ (pm? 53)

39/ acsmif;qkd;jcif;ESif h csif;pdrf; ...

csif;pdrf;ukdvSD;í qm;ESifh wkdYpm; (odkYr[kwf ) csif;wufukdrD;zkwfpm; .../ ( pm? 74)

40/ acgif;ukdufjcif;ESif h csif; ...

acgif;ukdufvQif csif;pdrf;ukd yg;yg;vDS;í em;xifESpfbufwGif uyfay;Muonf/ tyl"mwfrsm;vQif rsm;ovkd

taysmufjrefonf/ em;xifwGif uyfaomcsif;rsm; ajcmufoGm;vQif topfvSD;NyD;xyfrH uyfay;yg .../ (pm? 74)

41/ ESmap;? acsmifqkd;? yef;em&ifusyfESif h csif;pdrf;? ysm;&nf ...

ESmap;? acsmif;qkd;? yef;em&ifusyfa&m*gjzpfvQif csif;pdrf;ukd xkaxmif;íowåK&nfn§pf,lyg/ xkdaemuf ysm;&nf

qm;pdrf;wkdYjzifh qwlpyfNyD; vQufay;jcif;jzifh txufyga&m*grsm; aysmufuif;onf.../ (pm? 74)

42/ oGm;ukduf? oGm;emESif h csif;pdrf; ...

oGm;emjcif;?oGm;ukdufjcif;ponf a0'emrsm;cHpm;&ygu csif;pdrf;ukd nufatmifaxmif; ukdufonfhae&m?

emonfhae&m wYkdü ikHxm;ygu oufomaysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 74)

43/ csif;pdrf;ESif h em;ukdufa&m*g ...

csif;pdrf;owåK&nfukd rD;wGif aEG;aEG;uav;jzpfatmif jyKvkyfNyD; em;xJ xnfhay;vQif em;ukdufa&m*g oufom


44/ tqpftjrpfa&mif cg;ukduf? 'lukdufESif h csif;pdrf; ...

csif;pdrf;owåK&nf (5)usyfom;? ESrf;qD (5)usyfom;wkdYukd a&mí rD;jzifh csufyg/ a&ckd;a&aiGUrsm;cef;NyD;

tqDomusefaomtcg rD;zkdrScs tat;cH/ xkdtqDukd avvHkaomykvif;oefYoefYwGifxnfhNyD; tqpftjrpfa&mif&rf;

aomae&mrsm;? cg;ukdufaomae&mrsm;wGif reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf vdrf;e,fay;jcif;jzifh tukduftcJa0'emwkdYrS

aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 74)

89


45/ qD;atmifh? qD;cJ? qD;csKyfESif h cHwuf ...

cHwufcsOfonf xrif;Nrdefapaom wkdYp&m jzpfonf/ qD;atmifh? qD;cJ? qD;csKyfjzpfvQif cHwuf½GufukdBudwfí

qD;pyfwGif tkHxm;jcif;tm;jzifhvnf;aumif;? cHwufacgufukdqm;ESifh aoG;í qD;pyfwGif vdrf;ay;vQifvnf;aumif;

qD;t&nfaysmfí usonfukdvufawGY ukozl;avonf .../ (pm? 79)

46/ acG;awmuf½GufESif h tema[mif; ...

tema[mif;rsm;ukd a&pifatmifaq;NyD;? acG;awmuf½Gufuyfay;u aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 79)

47/ acG;awmuf½GufESif h a&,kef ...

acG;awmuf½GufowåK&nfjzifh a&,kefrsm;ukdvdrf;ay;ygu a&,kefrsm;oufomaysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 86)

48/ ukd,fylzsm;ESif h acG;ao;yef;½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf (uav;rsm;)

uav;rsm; ukd,faiGUaEG;? ukd,fylvQif acG;ao;yef;½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;½Guf? uGrf;½GufwkdY\ owåK&nfjzifh

wpfukd,fvHk;vdrf;usHay;yg/ NyD;vQif t0wfyg;yg;uav;jzifhjcHKí aEG;axG;pGmxm;yg/ þokdYrMumcPvdrf;ay;jcif;jzifh

uav;i,frSm ukd,fylusapEkdifonf .../ (pm? 89)

49/ uav;acsmif;qkd;cR JusyfESif h acG;ao;yef;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf ...

acG;ao;yef;½Guf? uGrf;½Guf? owåK&nfwGif qm;tenf;i,fxnfhNyD; uav;i,fvQif vufzuf&nfwpfZGef;?

uav;BuD;vQif [if;pm;wpfZGef;wkdufMuonf .../ (pm? 89)

50/ tema&mif&rf;jcif;ESif h acG;ao;yef;yif ...

tan§mfaMumifhvnf;aumif;? tjcm;taMumif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; temrsm;a&mif&rf;aevQif acG;ao;yef; yif

yÍöig;yg; jyKwf&nfjzifh zef&nfaq;ay;ygua&mif&rf;jcif; aysmufuif;ítemusufjrefonf .../ (pm? 89)

51/ acsmif;qkd;yef;emESif h i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf ...

i½kwfaumif;rIefYukd ysm;&nfjzifhpyfí vQufay;cJhaomf tat;'PfaMumifhjzpfaom acsmif;qkd;yeff;ema&m*g

rsm;aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 95)

52/ toH0if? toHrxGufjcif;ESif h i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf ...

i½kwfaumif;rIefYESifh ysm;&nfqwlpyfí rMumcPvQufay;yg .../ toHjyefxGufvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 95)

53/ tom;0gESif h ikBuD; (zGm;buf) ...

ikyifrSm (3)rsKd;&Sdonf ...

1/ ikBuD; (zGm;buf) (tryif)

2/ ika&T (ikpyf) (tzkdyif)

3/ ikodef .../

okdY&mwGif ... ikBuD; (zGm;buf) ukdomvQif jrefrmwkdYaq;0g;ü tokH;jyKMuonf/ ikBuD; (zGm;buf) jrpfukdwl;í

a&jzifpifMu,fpGmaq;yg/ xkdaemuf "m;jzifh EkyfEkyfpOf;í okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usefatmif usKdyg/ NyD;u

vlBuD;vufzuf&nf tBurf;yef;uefwpfvHk; uav;[if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef; wpfaeYoHk;Budrf oHk;&ufaomufay;jcif;jzifh

tom;0ga&m*g? tonf;a&m*g rkcsaysmufuif;onfh aus;vufaq;enf;jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 99)

90


54/ ½k d;&mtm;aq; (0g) obm0tm;aq; ...

zD;Murf;iSufaysmfoD;aysmfaysmfudk xef;vsufcJ ESpfvHk; (odkYr[kwf) ysm;&nfESifh aeYpOf aeYwkdif; wkdYpm;ay;yg .../

(pm? 103)

55/ avaq;vQufqm;ESif h qifwkH;rEG,f ...

&uefq&mBuD;OD;vef\ qifwkH;rEG,faq;enf;rSm vlwkdif;twGuf tvG,fwulazmfpyf pm;oHk;Ekdifonf/

aiGaMu;tukeftustaejzifhvnf; rrsm;? tmedoifrSmvnf; xufjrufvSonf/ odkYaMumifh q&mBuD;OD;vef\

aq;enf;ukdzGihfqkd wifjyvkduf&ygonf .../

(1) qifwkH;rEG,f(1)ydómukd yg;yg;vDS;í qefyHk;&nfwpfjrLom;ESifhpdrfyg ...

(2) ¤if;tay:okdY qm;(30) usyfom;jzLí a&cef;atmifjyKwfyg ...

(3) tqkdyg qifwHk;rEG,frsm;ukd a&cef;atmifjyKwfNyD;aemuf aeylwGifajcufaoGatmifvSef;yg...

(4) ajcmufaoGUoGm;aom qifwkH;rEG,frsm;ukd trIefYtjzpf Ekknufatmifaxmif;NyD; avvHkkaomykvif;wGif

odrf;qnf;yg .../

txufyg qifwHk;rEG,fvQufqm;onf &ifjynfhjcif;? &ifu,fjcif;? avxkd;jcif;? avatmifhjcif;? tpmraMujcif;?

rtDromjzpfjcif; paoma0'emrsm;ukd ,lypfovkd taysmufjrefygonf .../ txufyga0'emrsm;cHpm;&ygu [if;cyfZGef;

wpf0ufcefYukd a&aEG;jzifh aomufay;yg/ vufiif;csufcsif;aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 121)

56/ ouf&Snfusef;rmjcif;ESif h qifwkH;rEG,f

qifwHk;rEG,fukd qiforEG,f? qififkdrPd? qifpmrEG,f? qifikdrEG,f ponfjzifh ac:Mu\ jrefrma&S;ola[mif;

wkdYonf ...

(1) tEG,fwGif ... qifwkH;rEG,f

(2) t½GufwGif ... &Sm;apmif;vufyyf

(3) toD;wGif ... ikoD;

(4) t&nfwGif ... ysm;&nf [lí touf&Snfaq;zuf0ifrsm;tjzpf owfrSwf .../

aq;enf;rSm ...

1/ qifwHk;rEG,f tajcmufrIefY ... 25 usyfom;

2/ odaEm ... 1 usyf? 8 yJom;

3/ ysm;&nf ... 50 usyfom;

txufygaq;tr,frsm;ukd oratmifarTí ae(3) &ufqufvSrf;yg/ tdyf&m0ifwGif vufzuf&nfZGef;wpf

ZGef; wpfaeYwpfBudrfpm;yg/ odkYr[kwf tqkdygaq;tr,fpkrsm;ukd tvHk;vHk;Ekdif½kHrQ ysm;&nfukdxnfhíqD;aphcefY vHk;NyD;

wpfaeYwpfvkHk;us rSefrSefpm;oGm;yg/ qD;0rf;avrSefí aoG;om;oefY&Sif;NyD; usef;rm0NzdK;í touf&Snfap ygonf/

tjcma&m*gBuD;rsm;vnf; r0ifEdkifyg/ (pm? 125)

57/ wif;wdyfESif h xif;&SL;ESpf ...

rsufESmü wif;wdyfrsm;&SdvQif ntdyfcgeD;wGif ... xif;&SL;ESpfukd qefaq;&nfESifh aoG;vdrf;yg ... tvSysufonfh

trnf;uGufrsm;? tnKduGufrsm; rMumrD aysmufuif;oGm;rnf .../ (pm? 129)

58/ rif;wkef;rif; okH;aqmifcJ haomtm;aq; ...

y&efe0g yg;yg;vGm

oumysm;ESifhzuf

'efYovGefyGifh tkef;qH&ifh

csdefoifh nDrQpGuf

91


rif;wkef;rif;acgif oloHkk;aqmif

bkef;a&mif aeokdYvuf

armif;rwpfaxmif

pGrf;tm;aqmif

pm;armif nOfh? eHeuf .../

y&efe0gyif yÍöig;yg;ukd yg;yg;vSD;í tajcmufvSef;? trIefYjyK/ xkdaemuf 'efovGefyGifhrsm;ukdvnf;

tajcmufvSef;? trIefYjyK / xkdaemuf tkef;oD;&ifh&ifhukd n§pfí&aomtqD (csufNyD;om;) ESifh oum&nf? ysm;&nfwkdYukd

qwla&mí rw;lrcspfatmif rD;aEG;aEG;jzifh csuf&rnf/ þaq;ukd rif;wkef;rif;BuD;ukd,fwkdif pm;oHk;cJhaMumif;

azmfjyxm;ygonf .../

þtm;aq;onf cufcufcJcJ r[kwfaomfvnf; yg0ifaomaq; tr,frsm;rSm tylrsm;jzpfí

]]wefaq;vGefab;}} [laompum;twkdif; csifhcsdefazmfpyf pm;oHk;oifhonf .../ (pm? 131)

59/ aoG;wkd;ESif h 'ef YovGef½Guf ...

'efYovGef½GufMurf; vufwpfqkyfcefYukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdNyD; vufzuf&nftMurf;yef;uefwpffvHk;cefY

reuf? n aomufay;jcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;a&m*gukd usqif;aponf/ xkdokdY aoG;wkd;a&m*gusqif;oGm;&jcif;rSm

'efYovGef½GufwGif aoG;aMumrsm;ü ydwfqdkYaeaom ]]ukdvufpxa&m}} rsm;ukd azsmfxkwfay;EdkifpGrf; &SdaomaMumifh

aoG;wkd;EIef; usqif;oGm;jcif;jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 135)

('efYovGef½Guf owåK&nfvnf;&ygonf .../ OD;cefYausmfpmtkyfrS ...)

60/ temaqG;? tema[mif;rsm;ESif h 'EÅokc ...

'EÅokcukd tcsKdUa'ou ]]odMum;rukd#f}} [kac:onf/ tcsKdUt&yfu ]]ref;av;}} yif[k ac:onf/ temrsm;

raysmufbJ jynfwpkdpkd&SdaevQif ief;ref;vkdufí a&mifukdif;aevQif temukdpifMu,fpGm a&aEG;jzifh aq;yg/ xkdaemuf

'EÅokc½Gufrsm;ukd a&jzifh oefYpifatmifaq;í nufatmifaxmif;NyD; temay:tkHyg/ oHk;&ufcefYvkyfay;vQif temaqG;?

tema[mif;rsm; tHhzG,faumif;avmufatmif aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 137)

61/ oGm;ukduf? oGm;zk Ha&mifESif h 'EÅokc ...

oGm;ukduf? tan§mfrd? oGm;zkH;a&mifaevQif 'EÅokc yÍöig;yg;ukd a&pifatmifaq;NyD; jyKwfum

qm;tenf;i,fcwfí rMumcPikHay;yg .../ (pm? 138)

62/ qD;a&m*g? anmif;us? tjzLqif;? aoG;wkd;ESif h 'EÅokc ...

'EÅokcyif yÍöig;yg;ukd a&pifatmifaq;í okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwfyg/ tMurf;yef;uefvHk;jzifh

wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomufyg/ thHMozG,faumif;atmifyif qD;yl? anmif;us? qD;eD? qD;0grsm;? aoG;wkd;a&m*grsm;

usqif;oGm;ygrnf/ a&m*gEkvQif (3)&ufcefY qufaomufay;jcif;jzifh oufomaysmufuif;apygonf/ (pm? 138)

63/ tylacsmif;ajcmuf? yg;pyfuGJ? eHjcif;ESif h 'EÅokc...

tylacsmif;ajcmuf?yg;pyfuGJ? eHjcif; jzpfcJhvQif 'EÅokcyifukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfaomufyg .../ (pm? 138)

64/ aoG;wkd;? qD;csK d? tpmtdrfa&m*gESif h eEGif;cg; ...

oefY&Sif;NyD;aom eEGif;cg;twufrsm;ukd oHqkHoefYoefYjzifh axmif;í ysm;&nfESifh a&marTyg/ NyD;vQif

i½kwfaumif;aphcefY tvHk;uav;rsm;vHk;í t&dyfxJü ajcmufaoGUygap/ rdrdwkdY½kyfESifh csdefí wpfvHk;wefonf?

ESpfvHk;wefonf reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrf pm;oHk;ay;yg/ 0rf;csKyfvQif 0rf;aysmhatmifjyKjyifyg/ txufyga&m*grsm;

92


aysmufuif;apEkdifNyD; ]]&om,e}} toufudkvnf; &Snfap\ .../ (pm? 138) (ysm;&nfcef;ajcmufoGm;vQif eEGif;cg;u

tEÅ&m,f 7dSonf/ om*'dk; .../)

65/ yef;emESif h y'k dif;½Guf ...

y'dkif;½Gufukd yg;yg;vSD;í aevSef;yg/ xkdYaemuf aq;vdyfuJhokdY vdyfí rD;n§dNyD; xGufay:vmaomrD;ckd;ukd

yef;em&Siftm;&SLcdkif;yg/ qkdYusyfaeaom cRJovdyfrsm; aysmfusvmaponf/ acsmif;[yfvdkufaomtcg cRJrsm;

twkH;vdkufxGufusvmaponf/ yef;ema&m*gEkvQif aysmufuif;NyD; a&m*g&ifhvQif oufomoGm;ygrnf/ NyD;rS

tjcm;aq;0g;? "mwfpmrsm; jzifhukyg .../ (pm? 156)

66/ tom;t&nfpk d jynfjcif;ESif h aygufyGif h ...

aygufyGifhukd tajcmufvSef;í vufzufajcmuftpm;cwfí aeYpOfaomufay;yg .../ tom;t&nf0if;0gpkdjynfí

qxufxrf;ykd; tvSusufoa&wkd;vmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 164)

67/ trsK d;orD;rsm;udkufcJ? acgif;tHk? Zufav;jcif;ESif h aygufyef;jzLyGif h ...

trsKd;orD;rsm; "r®wmvmcsdefü aygufyef;jzLyGifhukd wkdYíaomfvnf;aumif;? okyfíaomfvnf;aumif;? pm;ay;yg/

qD;pyfudkufjcif;? wpfukd,fvHk;udkufcJjcif;? acgif;tkHjcif;? Zufav;jcif;wkdYrS aysmufuif;onf/ aygufyef;jzLyGifhonf

"r®wmaoG;ykyfrsm;ukd oufqif;apNyD; oefYpifapygonf .../ (pm? 166)

68/ avief;jzpfpESif h zH k;rodef ...

ukd,fwpfjcrf;ao? taMumqGJ? avravQmuf? tckd;ryGifhonfha&m*grsm;twGuf (avief;jzpfp) zHk;rodef? i½kwf?

rD;awmuft&uf? ESrf;qD? a&Smuf&nfwkdYjzifh a&mpyfNyD; reuf? n ESpfBudrfvdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 168)

69/ ½k d;&mtm;aq;ESif h zk H;rodef ...

zkH;rodef yÍöig;yg;(wpfyifvHk;) ukdjymcsyg/ xkdjymukda&ESifh azsmNyD;t&nfMunfukdjyefppf,lyg/ xkdodkY zHk;rodef

jym&nfukdppfí 3 ? 4 Budrfavmuf,lNyD;? xkdppf,lxm;aomjym&nftMunfrsm;ukd ',ftkd;oefYoefYjzifhjyef csufyg/

zHk;rodef½ku©rI qm;ukd&&Sdygrnf.../

xkdqm; wpfusyfom; ukdysm;&nf ig;q,fom;wGifememarTía7mpyfyg/ xkdysm;&nfukdeHeufwpfBudrf?

nwpfBudrf vufzuf&nfZGef;i,f jzifh wpfZGef;pDpm;ay;ygu usef;rm0NzKd;í tjcm;a&m*g rsm;r0ifEkdifonfh

½kd;&mtm;aq;yif jzpfygawmhonf .../ (pm? 168)

70/ qD;? 0rf;? avrSef ESif h abmpukdif;( tqdyfajzyif)

abmpudkif;½Guf rEkr&ifhrsm;ukd jyKwfí wkdYp&mtjzpfaomfvnf;aumif;? [if;csKdtjzpfaomfvnf;aumif;

pm;oHk;vQif qD;aumif;í av&onf/ 0rf;vnf;aysmYaysmYoGm;oNzifUaexdkifíaumif;vSonf/ qD;? 0rf;rSefonf

¤if;tjyif rwnfhaomtpm;tpmrsm;ukdpm; rdítqdyfjzpfjcif;wkdYtwGuf tqdyftawmufrsm;ajyaponf.../ (pm? 169)

71/ aoG;wkd;a&m*gESif h abmpudkif; ...

abmpukdif;½Guf vufwpfqkyfpmukd a&okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwfí vufzuf&nfMurf;yef;uefwpfvkH;cefY

reufwpfBudrf? nwpfBudrfaomufay;ygu aoG;wkd;us qif;aponf .../(pm? 169)

72/ "m;xd? oHpl;? acG;ukdufESif h ucsifra&Smh½Guf ...

93


"m;xdwmwkdY oHpl;wmwkdY acG;ukdufpwJh tqdyf&Sdowå0gukdufwmwkdY jzpf&if a&aq; ra&Smh½Gufukd0g; 'Pf&may:

tkyf ywfwD;pnf;xm;&r,f/ aemufNyD;ra&Smh½GufESpf½Guf? oHk;½Gufukd0g;pm;&if tqdyf rwufawmhbl; temvnf;

r&if;awmhbl; temvnf;tusufjrefw,f .../ ( pm? 181)

73/ t&ufrl;vGef? tpmtqdyfjzpf? rI dawmufjcif;ESif h ra&Smh½Guf ...

ra&Smh½Guf 3. 4 7Gufukd0g;pm;NyD; rsKdcsvdkuf½kHeJY aysmufw,f .../ (pm? 181)

74/ qD;tdrfausmufwnfjcif;ESif h r½k d;yGif h ? EGm;Ed k Y ...

r½kd;(0g) ijzLBuD; tyGifhav;yJom;ukd EGm;EdkY 10om;wGif xnhfíaomufoHk;ygu qD;tdrfü ausmufwnf

a&m*gaysmuf\ .../(pm? 185)

75/ ta&jym;a&m*gESif h r½k d;yGif h ? EGm;Ed k Y ...

r½kd;jrpfukd trIefYjyKí ysm;&nfESifh qwla&mpyfNyD; aeYpOfpm;oGm;ygu ta&jym;a&m*g oufomaysmuf

uif;apygonf.../ (pm? 185)

76/ aoG;vHk;a&m*gESif h r½k d;yGif h ? ESrfqD ...

r½kd;yGifhav;yJom;ukd ... ESrf;qDESifh aMumfpm;vQif aoG;vHk;a&m*g aMuysufaponf .../ (pm? 185)

77/ r½k d;ap;ESif h cg;ukdufjcif;? 'l;ukdufjcif; ...

rcHr&yfEkdifavmufatmifcg; ukdufjcif;? 'l;ukdufjcif;jzpfcJhvQif r½kd;ap;jzifh vdrf;ay;e,fay;yg aysmufuif;onf/

¤if;\yifpnf ESifh t½Gufrsm;ukdcsKd;qdwfMunfygu tjzLa&miftap;rsm; xGuf&Sdvmavh&Sdonf/ tnma'oü ¤if;ap;ukd

EdkdYrsm;cJap&ef twGuftoHk;jyKonf/ tqpfauG;qefYí r&vQifvnf; vdrf;e,fay;yg .../ (pm? 184)

78/ emwm&Snfa&m*grsm;ESif h jrif;cGm½Guf ...

(1) jrif;cGm½Guf yÍöig;yg; q,fESpfusyf&SpfyJom;

(2) i½kwfaumif; wpfusyfom;

(3) ydwfcsif;oD; &SpfyJom;

(4) ysm;&nf wpfq,fig;usyfom;(15 usyfom;)

txyfygaq;trnfrsm;ukdaxmif; ysm;&nfjzifh xnfhe,fNyD; aeYoHk;BudrfcefY vSef;Muonf/ ysm;&nfcef;ajcmuf

oGm;yguvHk;í &atmifysm;&nftenf;i,f xyfxnfh xkdaemuf ememawNyD; qD;uif;cefYvHk;pm; ..../

jrefrma7S;ola[mif;wkdY rdrd\½kyfcH"mwfukdvdkufí eHeufwpfvHk; aeYvnf(okdY) nwpfvHk; csifhcsdefí aeYpOfpm;oHk;

av&SdMuonf/ xkdaq;ukdrSefrSefpm;oHk;oGm;ygu aq;rawGU[k qkdaom emwm&Snfa&m*gBuD;rsm; wpfv wpfESpftwGif

xl;jcm;pGmaysmufuif; csrf;om&m&&Sdrnf/ 0rf;csKyfvQif wpfywfwpfBudrf 0rf;ukdjyKjyifay;&rnf .../ (pm? 207)

79/ aoG;wkd;ESif h jrif;cGm½Guf ...

jrif;cGm½Gufwpfpnf; yÍöig;yg; pvHk; a&jzifhpifMu,fpGmaq;NyD; oefY&Sif;aomi½kwfqkHjzifh axmif;yg/ xkdaemuf

oefYjyefY aomt0wfyg;jzifh t&nfukdppf,lNyD xkdowåK&nfukd aomufaumif;½kHavmuf oMum;xnfhí reufwpfBudrf

nwpfBudrf rSefrSefaomufoGm;jcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;usaponf/ pGJaomufoGm;vQif aoG;wkd;a&m*g aysmufuif;apygonf .../

(pm? 210)

80/ rI dqdyfajzenf; (xef;vsuf? oHyk&m? rI dewdk)...

94


rIdpm;í rIdqdyfwufNyD;awmufcJhaomf(0g) tqdyfjzpfcJhaomf xefvsufpm;ay;7\/ odkYr[kwf oHyk&m&nfukd

vQufay;7\/ odkYr[kwf rdIewkdowåK&nfukd aomufay;&\/ rIdawmufonhftEÅ&m,f rIdqdyfoifhonfhtEÅ&m,frS

uif;a0apygonf .../ (pm? 213)

81/ rpm;aumif;aomrIdrsm;....

(1) rId\t½kd;ukd vufESifhzspfMunfhí aMurGoGm;vQifrpm;aumif;/

(2) rIday:odkdYqm;tenf;i,fjzLMunfhí rnf;oGm;vQifrpm;aumif;/

(3) rIdukdvufESifh zspfMunfhíaoG;uJhodkYteDa&mifajymif;oGm;vQif rpm;aumif;/

(4) rIdukd "m;ESifh jzwfaomf "m;jzwfcH&aomae&müjymESrf;oGm;vQif rpm;aumif;/

(5) rIdukd qm;&nfpdrfí rnf;eufoGm;vQif rpm;aumif;/

(6) ajcusif;ygaomrIdrsm; rpm;aumif;/

82/ rI dESif ha&mpyfírpm;aumif;aom tpm;tpmrsm; ...

(1) rIdESifh Muuf[if;cg;oD; /

(2) rIdESifh MuufO /

(3) rIdESifh cHoD;/

(4) rIdESifh iSufaysmoD;/

(5) rIdESifh EdkY trsKd;rsKd;/

(6) rIdESifh azmifpD;*Pef; (v,f*Pef;)/ (ykHjyum;csyfrS)

(7) rIdESifh ,kefom;/(pm? 215)

(8) rIdESifh zm;om;/ (ykkHjyum;csyfrS)/

83/ 0rf;ukdufa&m*g? aoG;0rf;a&m*gESif h rD;uGif;*rkef;t½Guf..

rD;uGif;*rkef;t½Guf (wpfzufpdrf;? wpfwzufc&rf;a&mif) rEkr&ifh (10) ½GufcefYukd qlaeaoma&aEG;xJ

wGifEGrf;½kH ESpf&ygonf/ aemuft½Gufukdyg;yg;vSD;í MuufoGefeD? ykpGefajcmuf? qm;wkdYjzifh aumif;atmifokyfNyD;?

'Dtwkdif;a&aEG;Murf;ESifh pm;yg/ i½kyfoD;rIefYrxnfhygESifh tenf;i,fcg;oufouf&SdonfrS ty pm;vkdYaumif;ygonf/

a&m*gEkvQif wpfBudrfwnf;pm;½kHESifh aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf/ (pm? 217)

84/ aoG;tHa&m*gESif h rD;uGif;*rkef; ...

trsKd;orD;wpfa,mufrSm aoG;qkH;ukdifum acsmif;qkd;vdkufpOf aoG;rsm;tefvmygonf/ xkdaMumifh wDbD

tqkwfa&m*gukdXme wGif "mwfrSef½kdufí ykd;arG;Munfhaom tcg wDbD tqkwfem r[kwfaMumif; od&Sd&ygonf/ olr

rSmaoG;rMumcP tHygonf/ olrukd vufvGwf&awmhrnf[k rdwfaqGtm;vHk;u xifaeMuonf .../ okdYaomf

aoG;tHolrSm wpfvcefY Mumaomtcg xlxlaxmifaxmif jzpfvmonf/ pkHprf;vkdufaomtcg rD;uGif;*rkef;

okH;cGufwpfcGufwif jyKwf&nfukd *vlukdYpf oMum;wkdYjzifh reufaeYvnf? n oHk;cGufuspD;aomufoHk;&m aoG;tHa&m*g

aysmufNyD; 0NzKd;vmaMumif; 0rf;ompGmajymygonf.../ (pm? 217)

85/ tylavmifjcif;ESif h rD;uGif;*rkef; ...

qDyl? a&aEG;yl avmifolrsm;ukd rD;uGif;*rkef;owåK&nfjzifh 0g*Grf;ESifh 'Pf&mukd rMumrMum qGwfay;jcif;jzifh

'Pf&m? tem tusufjrefonf.../ (pm? 218)

95


86/ tema[mif; temaqG;rsm;ESif h rD;uGif;*rkef; ...

rD;uGif;*rkef;ukd rD;uifNyD; tema[mif;? temaqG;rsm;ukd rMumcP uyfay;jcif;jzifh temaysmufjrefygonf .../

(pm? 218)

87/ trskK d;orD;rsm; aoG;vHk; avvHk; aoG;csKyf?avcsKyfESif h rkwfcg;aq; ...

(1) i½kwfaumif; wpfusyfom;

(2) prkefeuf wpfusyfom;

(3) MuufoGefjzL wpfusyfom;

(4) &Sdef;ckd wpfusyfom;

tm;vHk;tav;rkwfcg; av;usyfom;

txufyg rkwfcg;aq;ukd ZD;uif;cefY tvHk;uav;rsm; vHk;NyD;xm;yg/ xkdaq;ukd tysKdBuD;? tysKdav;?

tysKd[kdif; aoG;qkH;trsKd;orD;rsm; rSefrSefpm;oHk;ygu a&Gvsm;aeaom aoG;vHk;? avvHk; rsm;aMuysufap\ aoG;csKyf?

avcsKyfjcif;rsm;ukd aysmufuif;ap\/ aoG;cJavcJrsm; NydKus vmapNyD; aoGylavyl a&m*grsm;ukdvnf;

aysmufuif;aponf/ txufygrkwfcg;aq;ukd rSefrSefpm;oGm;jcif;jzifhh ]]rtkdao;ol tysKduav;eJYwl}} qkdouJodkY

tom;ta&rsm; tpOfpkdajy 0if;0gaeygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 222)

88/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (trsK d;orD;rsm;twGuf) yxrenf; ...

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf (twGif;om;) 25 usyfom;

(2) xefvsuf 25 usyfom;

(3) refusnf;oD;trSnfh (tESpf) 5 usyfom;

(4) ayG;ukdif; 5 usyfom;

(5) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; 8 yJom;pD

(6) BudwfrSef½GufrIefY 5 usyfom;

(&) ikoD; twGif;om; (tESpf) 5 usyfom;

(8) MuufoGefeDyg;yg;vSD;NyD;om; 5 usyfom;

¤if;wkdYukd a&mpyfNyD; rD;rQif;rQif;ESifh csufyg/ <uufNrD;wef;vQif rD;zkdrScsNyD; tat;cH/ xkdaemufysm;&nf

5usyfom;jzifh xyfarT aevSef; rMumcP arTay;/ ntdyf&m0ifcgeD;wkdif; [ifpm;ZGef;wpfZGef; pm;yg/ rSefrSefpm;ay;jcif;

jzifh rD;,yfcsd rD;,yfuskKd; aoG;cef;jcif; taMumwufjcif;? aumufauG;xkHusifjcif; paom rD;,yfa&m*grsm; aysmufuif;

aponfh tjyif;trsKd;orD;rsm;qHyifuRwfjcif;? xdyfajymifjcif;rS uif;a0;apEkfdifonf.../ (pm? 223)

89/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm; r yskK d tkdra&G;) 'kwd,enf;...

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf(yg;yg;vSD;xnfhyg) 25 usyfom;

(2) xef;vsuf 35 usyfom;

(3) refusnf;ESpf 30 usyfom;

(4) tvdkusL 5 usyfom;

(5) odaEm 5 usyfom;

(6) vdyfausmufql; 2.5 usyfom;

(&) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; 4 yJom;pD

90/ &Sm;apmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm; r ysK dtk dra½G;) wwd,enf; ....

96


(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf (yg;yg;vSD;xnfhyg) 25 usyfom;

(2) zvHawmifa0S;owåK&nf (0g) ausmufz½kHoD;pdrf;&nf 25 usyfom;

(3) refusnf;ESpf 25 usyfom;

(4) xef;vsuf 50 usyfom;

(5) MuufoGefeDyg;yg;vSD;xnfh 25 usyfom;

(6) BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nf 25 usyfom;

(&) odaEm 10 usyfom;

(8) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; 4 yJom;pD

txufyg 'kwd,enf;ESifh wwd,enf;rS BudKufESpfouf&m aq;enf;ukd rwl;rcspfatmif rD;aEG;aEG; jzifhcsufyg/

<uufrD;wef;vQif zkdcGifrScsí tat;cHyg/ aq;ukd usm;r ysKdtkd ra&T;reuf n [if;pm;ZGef;jzifh wpfZGef;pD

pm;oGm;jcif;jzifh aoG;ykyf avykyfrsm; NydKíqif; tjzLqif;jcif; qD;yl qD;eD qD;0g jzpfjcif;? 0rf;csKyfí pjrif;cHjcif;rsm;

'lvmydef rD;,yfydefrsm; qxufxrf;ykd; tvSwkd;í 0NzKd;vmapEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 223)

91/ qD;atmifh? qD;csKyfESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

qD;atmifhjcif; qD;csKyfjcif;jzpfvQif &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpfukdjcpf,lNyD; oMum;ESihfpdrfí aomufay;ygu

a&m*gaysmufuif;ygonf.../ (pm? 225)

92/ tema[mif;? temaqG;? ajcpG,fikwfESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyfukd rD;uif xufjcrf;cGJNyD; temay:tkyfum ywfwD;pnf;ay;xm;yg/ 2 7ufcefY jzifh

temrsm;aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 225)

93/ em;ukdufa&m*gESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyf ukdrDzkwf t&nfn§pf,lNyD; em;xJokdYxnfhay;yg/ em;ukdufjcif;aysmufuif;ygonf.../

(pm? 225)

94/ aoG;wkd; avief; tqDwkd; xkHemusOfemESif h a&SmufwpfvHk;aq;&nf ...

a&SmufoD;BuD;wpfvHk;\ twGif;om;n§pf&nf ... (a&Smuf&nf)

a&ig;q,fom; (iSufaysmzl; ykvif; ESpfvHk;)

oMum;tpdwfom;

jrefrmqm;cg; ig;usyfom;

txufyg tr,frsm;ukd tm;vHk;oratmif atmifarTyg/ xkdYaemuf oefY&Sif;aomykvif;rsm;wGifxnfhyg/ reuf?

n vufzuf&nftMurf;yef;uefwpf0ufpD rSefrSefaomufoGm;jcif;jzifh aoG;wkd;a&m*g? avief;a7m*g tqDwkd;a&m*g ESifh

xkHem? usifemrsm;tm; aysmufuif;csrf;omapygonf .../

jrefrmyGJawGUaq;enf;jzpfygonf/ a&m*gBuD;vQif BuD;ovkd pGJpm;yg/ qD; 0rf; av rSefaomaq;wpfvuf

jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 227)

95/ tzsm;aysmuf? tm;&S d jcif;ESif h vif;ae? aq;cg;BuD; ....

zsm;vnf;zsm; tm;vnf;jywfcJhaomf vif;aeESifh aq;cg;BuD; a&mí ay;u a&m*gESpfrsKd;vHk; oufomaponf/

rpm;csif raomufcsif jzpfaevQifvnf; þenf;twkdif;auR;&rnf .../ (pm? 231)

96/ 0rf;csKyf? avcsKyf? qD;csKyfESif h ouf&if h BuD; ....

97


ouf&if;BuD;½GufEkrsm;ukd jyKwfNyD; yg;yg;vSD;um MuufoGefeDjzifh okwfpm;yg ... 0rf;csKyf? avcsKyf? qD;csKyf


97/ trsK d;orD;a&m*gESif h ouf&if;BuD;...

trskKd;orD;rsm;aoG;avrrSefbJ wydefydef &SdaeygvQif ouf&if;BuD;jrpfukd qm;jzifh yspfyspfaoG;í aeYpOf

vufzuf&nf tMurf;yef;uef wpff0ufcefY aomufoHk;ay;jcif;jzifh usefrm0NzdK; tvSwkd;apygonf .../ (pm? 245)

98/ qkHqkd Yem? yg;usdwfa&mifem? vnfacsmif;uGJemESif h oabFmoD;pdrf;

vnfyif;wGifaygufaom qkHqkdYem? yg;usdwfa&mifem? vnfacsmif;uGJaomtemrsm; jzpfyguoabFmoD;

tpdrf;EkEkkuav;rsm;ukd qm;wYkdNyD; nufatmif0g;um aeYpOfpm;ygu jzpfay:aeaom txufyga&m*grsm;


99/ oabFm½GufESif h jrif;zkem ...

oabFm½Gufukd axmif;NyD;aeYpOf tHkay;ygu jrif;zkem aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 254)

100/ qD;vGefa&m*gESif h OoQpf? csif; ...

OoQpftuif;ESifh csif;ajcmuftrIefYwkdYukd a&mí aomufay;jcif;jzifh aysmufonf .../ (pm? 261)

98


o Q o Q o (15) touf&Snf&mtemrJhaMumif;aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm;

q&mBuD;OD;csrf;

yxrtBudrf? 2002? atmufwkdbmv/ wefzk d; 200usyf/ a7Ta'gif;awmifpmay .../

1/ ausmufuyfa&mifESif h 'EÅokc ...

ausmufuyfa&mifjcif;aMumifh qD;atmifh? cg;emponfwkdY jzpfaomf 'EÅokcyif yÍöig;yg;tajcmufcH vufzuf

ajcmufuJhodkY a&aEG;Murf;aomuf .../ (pm? 63)

2/ ausmufwnfjcif;ESif h cHwufacguf ...

cHwufacguf av;ykHwpfykH usefatmifjyKwfaomuf .../ (pm? 64)

3/ ausmufwnfjcif;ESif h Mucwf0g;tqpf ...

Mucwf0g;\ tqpfykdif;ukd EkyfEkyfpOf; a&ESifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwifjyKwf eHeufykkdif; 3? 4 7ufqufwkdufaomuf /

cg;ukdufcg;emyg aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 64)

4/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESif h &S def;ck d?rwfyJ ...

&Sdef;ckdESifh rwfyJ trIefYjyK? rD;ESifhtckd;&atmifjyKvkyfí rIdif;½SLyg/ BudKUxkd;aysmufygonf .../ (pm? 67)

5/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESif h oMum; ...

a<uZGef;BuD;ESifh oMum;wpfZGef;pm;? a&t0aomuf .../ (pm? 67)

6/ ajcz0g;uGJem ESif h iSufaysmyif ...

iSufaysmyif owåK&nf vdrf;yg ... t0wf oefYoefYwGif iSufaysmyif owåK&nf qGwfNyD; temay: tkyfxm;yg .../

(pm? 69)

7/ cg;emESif h ukd,f&HBuD;½Guf ...

ukd,f&HBuD;½Gufukd rD;uifí pnf;ay;aomf cg;emaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 71)

8/ cg;em? cg;udkuf? 'l;ukdufESif h anmifajcaxmuf ...

anmifajcaxmuf tap;vdrf;ay;vQif aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 72)

9/ *7if*sDem^ b&if*sDem ESif h MoZmoD;tajcmuf...

MoZmoD;ajcmuf aoG;vdrf;yg ...? tcsOf[lorQ "mwfpmtjzpfpm;yg .../ (pm? 75)

10/ iSufzsm;ESif h aMumifyef;½Guf...

aMumifyef;½GufrIefY t½GufpkdowåK&nf? t7GufpkdjyKwf&nf? yÍöig;yg;jyKwf&nf ponfwkdYteuf wpfrsKd;rsKd;ukd

eHeuf? n oifh½kHaomufyg/ ¤if;jyKwf&nfrsm;ESifh a&csKd;yg .../ (pm? 75)

11/ pum;xpfjcif; ESif h jrif;cGm½Guf...

jrif;cGm½Guf rMumrMumokyfpm; [if;cg;csufaomuf .../ (pm? 77)

99


12/ qD;&Gifjcif;ESif h tkef;jrpf ...

tkef;jrpf axmif;xk? a&pdrfaomuf? qD;&Tif\ .../ (pm? 78)

13/ qD;vGefa&m*gESif h uifyGef;½Guf ...

uifyGef;½GufowåK&nfaomuf? qD;vGefa&m*gaysmuff\ .../ (pm? 78)

14/ qD;csK da&m*g ...

(1) OoQpf½GufEkEk owåK&nf 12 yJom;cefY aeYpOfapmapm? &ufMumMumpGJaomuf oufomaponf/

(2) cHwuf (c'uf) acguftjrpf av;ykHwpfyHk<uif;jyKwfaomuf.../

(3) anmifajcaxmufacguf ESpfyHkwpfyHkjyKwfaomuf.../

(4) awmifqD;jzL yÍöig;yg; jyKwfaomuf.../

(5) uifyGef;½GufowåK&nf wpfaeYESpfZGef; ESpfBudrftenf;qkH;aomuf.../

(6) 'EÅokcyif yÍöig;yg; jyKwfaomuf .../ (pm? 79) (rSwfcsuf / / wpfrsKd;ukdomaomuf&ef)

15/ qifajcaxmufa&m*g...

(1) EGm;eufusifi,f&nf ESifh csif;ajcmufrIefY aeYpOfaomuf? qifajcaxmufa&m*g aysmuf\ .../

(2) uefYcsKyfeDjrpfacguf? xif;½SLom; aq;ESpfyg; EGm;eufusifi,f&nfESifh aoG;vdrf; .../

(3) MupkoD;? MuufqlqDESifh csufaomuf .../ (pm? 83)

16/ qifclvnfjywfem ESif h pG,fawmf½Guf...

pG,fawmf½GufjyKwf&nfjzifh zef&nfaq;yg .../ pG,fawmf½GufowåK&nfjzifh vdrf;ay;yg.../ (pm? 83)

(qifclv,fjywfem = vnfukwfwGifaygufaomtem)

17/ qHkqkd YemESif h aMumifyef;½Guf...

(1) aMumifyef;½Gufukd rD;usDcJay:wifí tckd;½SLyg .../

(2) aMumifyef;½Guftpkd 2 usyfom;

(3) ydwfcsif;i,f 2 usyfom;

(4) eHomjzL 4 yJom;

(5) a& 10 usyfom; xnfhBudK ...

3 usyfom;cefY usefaomtcg zkdrS cs/

wpfcGufpm 1 usyfom;/ eHeufESifh n ESpfBudrfaomufyg .../ (pm? 83)

qHkqdkYem (qHkZkdYem) = vnfacsmif;wGifjzpfwwfaom temwpfrsKd; .../ (pm? 15)

18/ wif;wdyf ....

(1) eEGif;pdrf;tm; r½kd;ap; (ijzLBuD;tap;) ESifh aoG;NyD; ryspfrusJ vdrf; .../

(2) odkYr[kwf odaE¨mnufnufBudwfívdrf; .../

(3) odkYr[kwf 0g;tajcmufaoG;vdrf; ...aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 84)

tyltpyf? rqvm? [if;cwftarT;tBudKifrsm; avQmhpm;yg/ 0rf;csKyfrcH& .../ (pm? 85)

19/ tifMuif;qifhtzsm;jzwfaq;...

100


(1) tifMuif;qifh 1 usyfom;

(2) MuufoGefjzL 1 usyfom;

(3) i½kwfaumif; 1 usyfom;

(4) vif;av 1 usyfom;

(5) &Sdef;ckd 1 usyfom; (aEGqkdvQif ig;rl;om;)

aq;ig;yg; nufpGm trIefYjyK/ avvHkatmifxm;/ wufzsm;? uszsm;? &ufjcm;zsm;? iSufzsm;ESifh

tikwfa&m*g[lorQ uGrf;½GufESifh qm;tenf;i,f xnfhjyKwf ... aq;rIefY qD;uif;cefYrQESifh wkdufyg/ tmumoyGifh

acR;xGuf tzsm;us\ .../ (pm? 86)

20/ 'uf ...

(1) MuufoGefeD xufjcrf;cGJ acgif;ukdememyGwfay; .../

(2) odkYr[kwf £Kó&rlvD½Guf owåK&nf olYcsnf;oD;jcm;vdrf;.../

odkYr[kwf MuufqlqDESifh a&mvdrf; .../

(3) qdyfzvl;yef;yGifh taphukd trIefYjyK tkef;qDESifhvdrf; .../ (pm? 89)

21/ em;wGif;tem...

usD;tmoD;ukdaxmif; tkef;qDESifha&m? rD;aEG;aEG;ESihfcsuf .../ a&ukefí qDusefaomf (cyfaEG;aEG;av;jzpfvQif)

em;rSmcwf ... temusufap\ .../ (pm? 90)

22/ em;jynf,dk ...

(1) zvHawmifa0S;(odkYr[kwf ) rD;uGif;*rkef;ukd tkHNyD; owåK&nfn§pf cyfaEG;aEG;em;xJn§pfxnfh .../

(2) odkYr[kwf ESrf;qDESifh av;nif;yGifh rD;ESifhcsuf tat;cH em;wGiftpufcs .../

(3) odkYr[kwf aMumifyef;½GufowåK&nfwGif ysm;&nfxnfharT MuufawmifESifharTí em;rSmusyf .../ (pm? 89)

23/ em;yif; ...

usnf;oD;qHrIefY? 0ufacs;yeJ owåK&nfESifha&m rMumcP em;usyfay; em;yif;a&m*gaysmuf\.../(pm? 90)

24/ em;ukduf? em;em ....

(1) csif;pdrf; owåK&nf rD;aEG;aEG;jyK? tat;cH? tzwfryfatmif ppf? em;wGif tpufcs .../

(2) uif;yHk½Guf owåK&nf ESrf;qDESifh azsmfí em;rSmtpufcs (tjcm;wenf;) .../

(3) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpft&nfn§pf rD;aEG;aEG;jyK tat;cH em;rSmtpufcs (tjcm;wenf;) .../

(4) qifwHkk;rEG,f axmif;xk rD;ESifhjyKwf MuufoD;aEG;jyK em;aq;ay; (tjcm;wenf;) .../

25/ em;avxGuf...

aq;oli,fcsuf trIefYjyK MuufqlqDESifh em;rSmMuyf .../ (pm? 92)

26/ em;tl ...

(1) aMumifvQmoD;EkEk oHyk&m&nfqrf;NyD; okwfpm;yg .../

(2) odkYr[kwf pyg;vifqD (odkYr[kwf) tkef;qD (odkYr[kwf) ESrf;qDESifh em;usyfay; .../

(3) BudwfrSef½Guf owåK7nfukd tkef;qDESifh azsmfNyD; em;usyfay; .../

em;tla&m*gtwGuf tcsKd? tqdrfh? tzefa&Smifí tyl? tcsOf tpyf? tcg;ukdpm; .../ (pm? 92)

101


27/ em;av; ...

(1) aMumifyef;½GufowåK&nfESifh rkefnif;qDqwla&m? rD;ESifh qlatmifwnf zkdrScs tat;cH wpfaeY ESpfBudrf

em;rSmtpufcs .../ (pm? 92)

(2) odkYr[kwf OoQpfyif tjrpfaxmif;xk/ rkefnif;qDESifh rD;rSmqlatmifwnf zkdrScs tat;cH wpfaeY ESpfBudrf

em;rSmtpufcs .../ (pm? 92)

28/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQH ...

(1) rmvmum½Guf yGwfacs½SLyg (odkY) EGm;acs;½SLyg (odkY) z&JoD;ESifh oMum;0atmifpm;yg .../

(2) qD;jzLoD; nufnufBudwf i,fxdyftkH .../

(3) i½kwfaumif;Budwf 'def? MuHoum ESifh a&maESmpm; .../ (pm? 93)

29/ ESmacgif;ydwf...

(1) uGrf;pm;*rkef;Oaxmif; ESrf;qDESifhcsuf ESmacgif;wGif;xnfhyg .../

(2) eHeufapmapm tdyf&mx a&½SLay;yg .../

(3) eEGif;pdrf;twuftm; rIdif;½SLay;yg .../

(4) &Sdef;ckd ESrf;qDESifhazsmf rD;ESifh aEG;atmifvkyf? em;rSmusyf .../ (pm? 93)

30/ ESm&nf,kd...

csif;pdrf; owåK&nfukd ysm;&nfeJY a&mvsufyg.../ (pm? 93)

31/ emwm&Snf ESmap; ...

(1) ESmacgif;wGif; tom;ykdaMumifh emwm&Snf ESmap;a&m*gjzpfaomf oyGwfcg;oD; tajcmufxdyfzGifh puúLay:cgcs

usvmaomtrIefY ykvif;xJxnfh/ ESrf;qDESifh oyGwfcg;oD; trIefYoifh½kH wkdYNyD; tom;ykdukdvdrf;yg/ wpfaeY

wpfBudrfom jyKvkyfay;jcif;jzifh tom;ykdrS t&nfrsm; xGufusvmNyD; wjznf;jznf;ao;um

ESmap;aysmufoGm;vdrfhrnf .../

(2) aemufwenf; eHYomjzLESifh uifyGef;oD; ryspfrusJaoG; i,fxdyfaygufatmif ½SLyg/ ESm&nfrsm;usvm

vdrfhrnf/ raMumufESifh/ aq; cPcP r½SL&/ acgif;cPcP rvQmf&/ aeylxJxGufvQifacgif;aqmif;yg/

a&cJrkefY ocGm;oD; tkef;EkdYacgufqGJ aygifrkefYtkef;EkdYqrf; rpm;&/ aq;vdyfraomuf&/ tat;rd rcH& ..../

(pm? 95)

32/ omrefESmap; ....

(1) i½kwfaumif;rIefY ? MuHoum? 'defcsOf (3) rsKd;a&maomufyg.../

(2) aemufwenf;pyg;vifarT;? av;yHkwpfyHk jyKwfaomu?f ESmap;omru acsmif;qkd;ESifhtzsm;ygaysmufrnf ...

(pm? 95)

33/ ESmacgif;?teHY r& ESif h eHomjzL? uifyGef;oD; ...

eHomjzL? uifyGef;oD;qwl ryspfrusJ aoG;/ i,fxdyfaygufatmif½SL/ yspfvQift½SL&cufonf owdjyKyg/

ESm&nfrsm; usvmvQif raMumuf&/ aq;vdyfraomuf& .../ (pm? 95)

34/ emwm&Snftzsm;ESif h plvmezm ....

102


plvmezm? prkefndK (prkefrsKd;ig;yg; xJrSmyg) tnDtrQ oifh½kHpk/ okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomuf?

emwm&Snftzsm; vsifjrefpGmaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 97)

35/ ESif;clESif h ikpyf (zGm;zuf) ...

ikpyf (zGm;zuf) yif\ t½Gufukd qefykH;&nfESifh Budwf temukdvdrf; ESif;clomru ayG;0J ,m;emygaysmuf\ .../

(pm? 97)

36/ yef;em&ifusyfESif h OoQpf½Guf ....

ovdyfr&? 0rf;rD;nHhonfh yef;em&ifusyfa&m*gjzpfcJhaomf OoQpf½Gufpdrf; (3)usyfom;ukd a& (48)usyfom;ESifh

(6)usyfom; usefatmifusKdyg/ wpfcGufpm (3)usyfom;cefY aomufyg .../ a&m*gaysmufuif;rnf .../ (pm?101)

37/ yef;em...

acsmif;ajcmufyef;emaMumifh touf½SLr0 armyef;EGrf;vsaomf uefYyvlO 8yJom;rQ aoG;aomufyg vl;yg.../

(pm? 102)

38/ azma&mifemESif h OoQpf½Guf ...

OoQpf½Guf owåK&nf aomufyg.../

OoQpf½Guf owåK&nf vl;yg .../ (pm? 106)

39/ 0rf;rD;nHhí (tpmrcsufEk difí) Ak dufatmifh jcif; ...

xrif;rpm;rD odaE¨mtenf;i,fvsufyg .../

xrif;pm;NyD; rdepf(20) cefY tMumwGif MuufoGefjzLBudwfNyD;a&aEG;ylylxJ xnfhaomufyg .../ (pm? 108)

40/ avaMumifh Ak dufatmif h jcif; ...

qifwHk;rEG,fusKdí qm;cwfaomuf .../ (pm? 108)

41/ pjrif;aMumif h Ak dufatmif h jcif; ...

refusnf;rSnfh? qm;? xef;zkdxef;vsuf? ESrf;qD av;rsKd;wGif wpfrsKd;vQif wpfusyfom;pDpk? tm;vHk;a&mawNyD;

qD;uif;cefYpm; .../ (pm? 108)

42/ rsufpdemaysmufaq; ...

(1) jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf tzwfrygatmifppfí rsufpOf;cwfay;yg .../

(2) odkYr[kwf &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf rsufpdtkHay; .../

(3) odkYr[kwf qD;jzLoD;aphaxmif;xk a&ESifh yGufatmifjyKwf tat;cH tzwfrygatmifppf rsufpdukd

aq;aMumyg .../ (pm? 109)

(4) tmvl; (odkYr[kwf)ocGm;oD;yg;yg;vSD; rsufpduyfyg .../ (pm? 110)

43/ rsufpd ... wdrfESif h atmifrJjzLjrpf ...

rsufpdoli,ftdrftwGif; tjzLuGuf? tpufwdrfrsm;usrl atmifrJjzLjrpfudk *sKHESifha&mBudwf a&pdrfxm;/

te,fxkdif Muufwuf&nfESifh rsufpOf;cwfyg .../ (pm? 112)

103


44/ rsufESm rS J YajcmufESif h uGrf;½Guf? BudwfrSef½Guf ...

rSYJajcmuftm; uGrf;½GufESifh owfí tjzL? tpuf? tajymufusefaomf BudwfrSef½GufowåK7nf rMumcP

vdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 113)

45/ rsufpdaoG;jcnfwef;ESif h caygif;a&Munfaph...

rsufpdtjzLay:wGif aoG;jcnfwef;rQif uav;rsm;jzpfygu caygif;a&MunfaphukdaoG;rsufpduGif;ay; vsifjrefpGm

aysmufuif;\/ tjcm;rsufpda&m*grsm;üvnf; toHk;jyKEkdifonf .../ (pm? 113)

46/ armyef;? EGrf;vs ...

ydwfcsif;oD;? jrif;cGm½Guf qwlBudwf/ eHeuf? n av;yJom;pDpm;yg/ tiftm;ukefcef; armyef;olrsm; jyefvnf

vef;qef;apygonf .../ ( pm? 113) (16 yJom; = 1usyfom;)

47/ jrpfajcmufem...

zmvmjzL? 0g;ykvJ? qifwHk;rEG,f qwltrIefYjyK ysm;&nfESifh awpm; vsifjrefpGm aysmuf\.../ (pm? 119)

(jrpfajcmufem = taoG;tom;cef;ajcmufonfha&m*g = tqkwfa&m*g)

48/ jrif;o½kdufemESif h c0JoD;ajcmuf...

c0JoD; (tcg;oD;) tajcmuf xdyfazmuf trIefYcgxkwf? usvmaomtrIefYrsm;tm; eEGif;ppfppfESifh a&mvdrf; .../

(pm? 119)

49/ a&zsOf; ...

(1) ajrqD;jzL(awmifqD;jzL) yÍöig;yg; jyKwfaomufyg/ a&zsOf;wifru qD;a&m*gygaysmuf\ .../ (112)

(2) aemufwenf; &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpfukd vufcsm;rD;azmuf tenf;i,fjzL;pm;aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 113)

(vufcsm;ukda<uyef;uefwGifxnfhí rD;ylay;vQif vufcsm;rD;azmufukd&\)

50/ vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g ...

(1) aq;jrif;cGmtrIefY ZGef;i,f wpfZGef;cefYwGif qm;avSmftenf;i,fxnfh/ eHeuf? aeYvnf (2)Budrfaomuf/

(2) aemufwpfenf; ... &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpfudk vufcsm;rD;azmuf? tenf;i,fjzL;pm; aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 113)

(vufcsm;udk a<uyef;uefwGifxnfhí rD;ylay;vQif vufcsm;rD;azmufudk&\ .../)

51/ vdyfacgif;ESif h oyGwfcg;oD; ...

oyGwfcg;oD; xdyfazmuf? cgxkyf? taphz,f usef&Sdaeaom0wfrIefrsm;tm; trIefUjyKyg/ ¤if;trIefYukdeEGif;

ESifhqwla&m rkefnif;qDESifh vdyfacgif;tm;vdrf;yg/ vdyfacgif;jywfusygonf .../ (pm? 125)

52/ temayguftHkaq; ...

(1) OoQpf½Gufpdrf; xkaxmif;BudwftHkyg/ Ek ydef &ifh jynfayguf aysmufvdrfhrnf .../

(2) MoZm½Guftpkdudk qm;tenf;i,f xnfhBudwf/ temay:tHk pnf;ay;xm; .../

(3) csOfaygif vufcsm;? xrif;Murf;? MuufoGefeD trQpD pkBudwftHkyg .../

(4) [if;Eke,f ql;ayguf BudwftHkyg .../ (pm? 141)

53/ aoG;wdk; ...

(1) {u&mZf½GufjyKwfwkdY aMumfcsufpm; (odkYf )tjrpfukdjyKwfaomuf .../

104


(2) odkYr[kwf rifaomf acR;jyef&nf (acR;aygif;&nf) aomufyg .../

(3) jrif;cGm½Gufajcmuf vufzufajcmufuJhodkY a&aEG;Murf;aomuf .../ (pm? 132)

54/ toH0if? toHysuf? toHxGufaq; ...

(1) &Sm;ap; 1yJom;ukd rkefn§if;jzLqDxJpdrf cHwGif;xJxnfhiHk / toHysufa&m*gaysmuf\ axG;rypf&

iHkxm;NyD;rsKdcsyg.../

(2) odkYr[kwf oabFmcsif;ajcmuf qwlBudwf? tcsdeftenf;i,fcGmí rMumcPvQufay; /

(3) odkYr[kwf oMum;? oabFmcsif;ajcmuf qwlBudwf ysm;&nfESifhaw tvHk;av;awGvHk; oMumvHk;

pkyfouJhokdY rMumcPpkyfay; .../

(4) odkYr[kwf i½kwfaumif;? ywJaum? zmvmBuD;aph? EG,fcsKd aq;(4)rsKd; qwlBudwf uGrf;½GufowåK&nfESifh

a&m tvHk; vHk;xm; .../ aeY? n wpfvHk;pDpm; .../ (pm? 136)

55/ tom;0g ...

(1) uifyGef;csOf½GufjyKwfaomufyg/

(2) odkYr[kwf &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf (twGif;om;) pm;ygu qD;0rf; oufí tom;0gaysmuf\/

(3) odkYr[kwf OoQpf½GufowåK7nf 12 yJom;wGif i½kwfaumif;oifh ½kHxnfhaomuf/( 16 yJom;= 1usyfom;)

(4) odkYr[kwf Muuf[if;cg;7Guf owåK&nf zefcg;oD;ESifh aoG;aomuf .../

(5) odkYr[kwf plvmezm a&aEG;ESifh azsmfaomuf .../

(6) odkYr[kwf oabFmqD;jzL (awmifqD;jzL) yÍöig;yg; jyKwfaomuf .../ (pm? 139)

56/ ouf&Snfusef;rmaq; ...

(1) BudwfrSef½Gufajcmuf

(2) ESrf;eufaph

(3) qD;jzLoD;ajcmuf...

¤if;oHk;rsKd;\ oHk;q (3q) oMum;xnfhí trIefYjyK .../ aeYpOfrSD0Jygaomf touf&Snftemuif;NyD; yg;&nfwGefYjcif;?

cg;ukdif;jcif;? em;xkdif;jcif;paom tkdrif;&ifha7mfjcif; ]]Z&m}} aomfrS wm;qD;ay;ygonf .../ (pm? 143)

105


o Q o Q o

106


(16) aq;zuf0ifuGrf;wpf½GufESif htaray;aomaq;enf;wkdrsm;

OD;cef Yausmf

yxrtBudrf? 2006? Zefe0g&D/ wefzk d; 450usyf/ OD;cef Yausmfpmay .../

1/ uav;acsmif;qkd;&ifusyf? touf½SLusyf? tqkwf? vnfacsmif;a&m*gESif h uGrf;½Guf....

uGrf;½GufukdrD;uifí rkefnif;qDokwfNyD; 7ifbufay:wGif tkyfpnf;ay;ygu aysmufuif;ygonf.../ (pm? 27)

2/ uav; tpmraMu? avem? 0rf;oGm;ESif h uGrf;½Guf...

uGrf;½Gufpdrf; owåK&nfESifh ysm;&nfwkdYukd qwla&mí aq; ]]wpf*7rf}} cefYukd wpfaeY ESpfBudrfwkdufay;jcif;

jzifh aysmufuif; csrf;omygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 27)

3/ uav; ESmap;? ESmrGef? ESmydwf? touf½SLusyf ESif h uGrf;½Guf...

rD;uifNyD;EGrf;oGm;aom uGrf;½Guftv,fü taygufi,fazmufNyD; rkefnif;qD? ESrf;qD? tkef;qDwpfrsKd;rsKd;

okwfvdrf;um ¤if;uGrf;½Guftaygufukd uav;i,fxdyfwnfhwnfhwGif uyfay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 28)

4/ acgif;ukduf?rl;a0?Zufxkd;? rsuf½k d;ukdufESif h uGrf;½Guf...

uGrf;½Guf\ ausmbufukd qm;ESifh yGwfívHk;ajc zspfn§pfNyD; xGufvmaom uGrf;7GufowåK&nfukd rsufpOf;

cwfay;jcif;jzifh rsuf&nfylrsm;usum csufcsif;qkdovkd a0'emrSoufomaysmufuif;apEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 30)

5/ ajcz0g;uGJESif h uGrf;½Guf...

tyltm;BuD;ívnf;aumif;? tyluefívnf;aumif; jzpfwwfaom ajcz0g;uGJa&m*grsm;twGuf aeYpOf

a&rcsKd;rD odkYr[kwf ntdyf&mr0ifrD 'l;acgif;rS ajcz0g;txd pifMu,fpGma&aq;NyD; uGrf;½Gufpdrf;ESifh qm;pdrf;ukda&mí

ajcz0g;ukd rSefrSefyGwfwkdufay;ygu aysmufuif;apEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 30)

6/ *&if*sDem(b&if*sDem) ponfhtemrsm;ESih f uGrf;½Guf ...

(uGrf;oD;Muufacs;) ukd jymcsí uGrf;½GufowåK&nfESifh orNyD; temwGifodyfay;yg .../ (pm? 31)

7/ pdwfa0'emESif huGrf;½Guf...

t½kd;yg;aom uGrf;½GufowåK&nfudk EGm;EdkYESifh a&mí wkdufauR;jcif;jzifh pdwfa&m*ga0'emrS

oufomapEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 32)

8/ pum;xpfjcif;ESif h uGrf;½Guf ...

wkdif;&if;aq; trSwf(1) rufvifcsOf vsufqm;ukd uGrf;½GufESifh a&mBudwfNyD; &&SdonfhowåK&nfukd

vsufay;jcif;jzifh oufom aysmufuif;Ekdifygonf/ xkdYjyif uGrf;½Gufpdrf;owåK&nfukd a&Smuf&nf? oHyk&m&nf wpfrsKd;rsKd;

jzifh a&mpyfí vsufay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;Ekdif\ .../ (pm? 32)

9/ qD;csKyfa&m*gESif h uGrf;½Guf...

qD;&Sdvsuf roGm;bJ qD;csKyfa&m*gjzpfygu uGrf;½Gufpdrf;ESifhtwl uGrf;pm;*rkef;OBuD;ukd a&ESifh nufpGmBudwfí

qD;tdrfae&mü vdrf;ay;aomf qD;aygufNyD; aysmufuif;Ekdif\ .../ (pm? 33)

107


10/ w&dyf&dyfrl;a0jcif;ESif h uGrf;½Guf ...

tqDyGm;wkd;? aoG;yGm;wkd;? ½kyf0? ½kyfav;jzpf&m w&dyf&dyf rl;a0vmcJhaomf uGrf;½Gufukd acsí ½SLay;yg/ xkdYjyif

uGrf;½Gufukd 0g;ajcNyD; rsKdcsyg/ tjrefqHk; umuG,fukoenf;jzpf\ .../ (pm? 34)

11/ Ek dtH ka&mifwif;jcif;ESif h uGrf;½Guf ...

om;aotrskKd;orD;rsm; EkdY&nfwif;í EkdYtkHa&mifNyD; ukdufcJcJhaomf uGrf;½Gufukd qDokwf? rD;uifum a&mif&rf;

ukdufcJae&mü tHkpnf;ay;&\/ ukdufcJjcif;aysmufNyD; EkdY&nfrsm;cef;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 35)

12/ Ek d Yacsmif;ydwf?Ek d Yusdwfa&mifjcif;ESif h uGrf;½Guf...

uav;rdcifrsm; EkdYusdwfa&mifjcif;? EkdYacsmif;ydwfjcif; jzpfygu EkdYtHkay:wGif uGrf;½Gufukd ESrf;qD? tkef;qD?

rkefnif;qD wpfrskKd;rsKd; okwfvdrf;í uyfay;yg/ tu,fí azmfjyygqDrsm; r&&dSygu &&mqDjzifh okwfvdrf;yg .../ (pm? 37)

13/ yef;EGrf;jcif;ESih f uGrf;½Guf...

trsKd;om;rsm; yef;rvef;bJ yef;EGrf;aeygu ntdyf&m0ifwGif zGm;zufawmftm; uGrf;½Gufjzifh ywfxkyfNyD;

tdyfygu yef;EGrf;&mrS veff;vmEkdifapaom aq;enf;wkd jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 38)

14/ ½kyfysK dukd,fEkaq; ...

(1) qefvGwfeEGif;rIefY 1 usyfom;

(2) vufzuf 5 usyfom;

(3) uGrf;½Guf 1 usyfom;

(4) ysm;&nf 10 usyfom;

(5) qm;avSmf 4 yJom;

awaq;jyKNyD; aumfzDZGef;cefYukd eHeuf? n a&at;jzifh aomufay;jcif;jzifh ½kyfysKd ukd,fEkNyD; qHyifrsm;

eufvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm?41)

15/ vdyfacgif;aoG;,kdESif h uGrf;½Guf...

uGrf;½Gufukd vHk;acs zspfn§pfNyD; ptkd twGif;okdY xnfhyg .../ (pm? 42)

16/ qD;yl? qD;atmif h? qD;csKyfvQif ...

(1) eHeuftdyf&mxwGif a&ukd 0atmif aomufapjcif; .../

(2) odkYr[kwf uefYuvm (odkY) csif;ukdxef;vsufESifh jyKwfaomufapjcif; .../

(3) odkYr[kwf xrif;&nf? qefjyKwf&nfwGif EGm;EdkY xnfh? oMum;csdKcsKd cwfaomufapjcif; .../

(4) ausmufz½kH,kdukda&pdrfaomufapjcif; .../ (pm? 53)

17/ toH0if? toHuyfESif h jynfyef;ndK ...

jynfyef;ndKukd MuufoGefjzL? i½kwfaumif; EkdifEkdifav;jzifh [if;csKdcufaomufygu aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

qm;rav;ap&ef owdjyK .../ (pm? 54)

18/ 0rf;cPcPysufjcif;ESif h aMumifyef;½Guf ...

rMumcP 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQmwwfolrsm;twGuf aMumifyef;t½Gufa&m t½kd;ygvufwpfqkyfpmukd

okH;cGufwpfcGufwif BudKaomufyg .../ (pm? 56)

108


19/ ZufaMumwufjcif;ESif h csif; ...

csif;ukdyg;yg;vSD;NyD; rD;tenf;i,fjyay;yg/ NyD;vQif ZufaMumwufonfh ae&müuyfay;yg .../ (pm?63)

20/ aoG;aMumusOf;a&m*g? ESvHk;a&m*g? tonf;tqDzH k;a&m*gESif h csif; ....

yg;yg;vDS;xm;aom csif;(7)vGmukd xef;vsuf(3) cJxnfhí a&ESifh okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdNyD;aomufEkdifygonf/

odkYr[kwf csif;ukdyg;yg;ao;ao;vSD;NyD; ESrf;qDjzifhnpOf okyfpm;Ekdifonf/ (MuufoGefeD yg;yg;vSD;xnfhyg) wpfvtMum

aoG;ppfMunfh&maoG;xJüukdvufpa&m (cholesterol) rsm; aoG;xJwGif yg0ifrIEIef; avsmhenf;oGm;onfukd awGU7\ .../

(pm? 64)

21/ 'lvm? rD;,yf? 0rf;ysufa&m*gESif h 7S def;ck d ...

&Sdef;ckd wpfa7G;om;cefYukdaeYpOf pm;oHk;yg .../ (pm? 64)

22/ toufBuD;aom trsK d;om;rsm; taMumtm;enf;a&m*gESif h &S def;ck d ...

aeYpOf&Sdef;ckd wpfa7G;om;ceYf tNrJpm;oHk;ay;ygu

taMumtm;enf;a&m*g oufomaysmufuif;apNyD;

avief;a&m*grSvnf;umuG,fay;Ekdifygonf .../ (pm? 65)

23/ rD;zGm;NyD;p trsK d;orD;rsm; om;tdrfukdufjcif;ESif h &S def;ck d ...

&Sdef;ckdwpfa&G;om;cefYukd tNrJpm;oHk;ay;ygu om;zGm;NyD; trsKd;orD;rsm;wGif jzpfwwfonfh om;zGm;vrf;

aMumif; xdcdkuf'Pf&mrsm;ESifh om;tdrfukdufjcif;rsm;ukd vsifjrefpGm oufom aysmufuif;apEkdifonfhtjyif temref;

ukdvnf; aMuaponf .../ (pm? 65)

24/ qD;atmifh? ausmufwnfESif h [if;Eke,f ...

a&S;tcgu ]][if;*VKef}} [k ac:aom]][if;Eke,f}} ukd [if;csufí (7) &ufpm;vQif aysmufEkdifonf/

[if;Eke,f ql;aygufqkdvQif ykdaumif;\ .../ (pm? 67)

25/ azma&mifa&m*gESif h ueazmh ...

ueazmhukd jyKwfíwdkYjr§Kyfpm;ay;jcif;/ ueazmhjyKwf&nfjzifhyif a&csKd;ay;jcif;? acR;atmif;ay;jcif;rsm;

jyKvkyfay;yg.../ (pm? 68)

26/ tqpfa&mifa&m*g?avjzwf? avief;a&m*g ESif h yifpdrf; ...

yifpdrf;wpfyifvHk;(yÍöig;yg; )ukda&aEG;jzifh azsmNyD; xGufvmonfhtaiGUukdrIdif;½SLay;yg .../ (pm? 69)

27/ yef;em? &ifusyf? acsmif;qkd;? atmhtH? eHab;atmifh jcif;ESif h yifpdrf; ...

yifpdrf;½GufowåK&nfukdn§pfí ¤if;owåK&nf xrif;pm;ZGef;BuD; wpfZGef;cefYwGif qm;rD;zkwf refusnf;aphwpfaph

cefYxnfhíwkdufauR;yg .../ (pm? 70)

28/ acgif;ukdufjcif; ESif h yifpdrf; ...

yifpdrf;owåK&nfukd em;xif? ezl;wUkdü okwfvdrf;ay;yg .../ (pm? 70)

29/ 0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQmjcif;ESif h rif;*GwfoD; (rif;uGwfoD;) ...

109


rif;uGwfoD;tcGHukd qefaq;&nfESifh aoG;NyD; &vmaomt&nfukdwkdufauR;yg .../ (pm? 71)

30/ qD;csK daMumif h jzpfaomtemESif h qdyfzvl;½Guf ...

qdyfzvl;½Gufukd qm;ESifh axmif;NyD; qD;csKdaMumifhjzpfaomtemrsm;wGif vdrf;usHay;jcif;jzifh temukdoufom

aponf .../ (pm? 73)

31/ aoG;0rf;oGm;jcif;ESif h qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;tpdrf; vwfvwfqwfqwfukd xkaxmif;t&nfn§pf,lí oHyk&m&nfESifh aomufvQif csufcsif;

oufom aysmufuif;aponf .../ (pm? 74)

32/ cRJyltzsm;a&m*gESif h rif;*GwfoD; (rif;uGwfoD;) ...

rif;uGwfoD;tcGHukd qefaq;&nfESifhaoG;NyD; &vmonfht&nfukd wkdufauR;yg .../ (pm? 71)

33/ qD;vGefa&m*gESif h qdyfzvl;½Guf ...

qdyfzvl;½Guf a&ESifhjyKwfaomt&nfukdaomufay;yg .../ (pm? 72)

34/ 0rf;oGm;jcif;ESih f qdyfzvl;½Guf...

qdyfzvl½GufowåK7nfukdwkdufay;yg .../ (pm? 72)

35/ trsK d;orD;rsm; rD;,yfaoG;vGefemESif h qdyfzvll;yGih f ...

qdyfzvl;yGifhukd trIefYaxmif;í oMum;qwlESifh pyfNyD;aomufyg .../ (pm? 73)

36/ ESmacgif;aoG;vQHjcif;ESif h qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;ukd nufatmif Mudwfacsí ESmacgif;xdyfrSm tkHay;yg .../ (pm? 74)

37/ qD;ykyfa&m*gESif qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;tajcmufrIefYukd xef;vsuf? ysm;&nf? oum&nf wpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh e,fzwfpm;yg.../(pm? 74)

38/ avema&m*gESif h qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;ukdpm;oHk;ay;jcif;jzifh avema&m*g ukdaysmufaponf.../ qD;jzLoD;onftoufukd &Snfaponf.../

(pm? 75)

39/ tom;0ga&m*gESif h awmifqD;jzL ...

awmifqD;jzL (ajrqD;jzL)yif yÍöig;yg;ukd a&pifatmifaq; tajcmufvSef;¤if;ukdjyKwfNyD; jyKwf&nfukd

aomufay;yg .../ (pm? 75)

40/ anmif;usa&m*gESif h awmifqD;jzL ...

awmifqD;jzL (ajrqD;jzL) ½GufjyKwf&nfukd aomufay;jcif;jzifh vsifjrefpGmoufomvmapEkdifygonf .../ (pm? 75)

41/ tm;ukefvQif ...

zefcg;oD;ukd trIefYjyKNyD; ysm;&nf(odkY) axmywfwkdYjzifh oifhovdk a&maESmaomufoHk;ygu tm;ukdjyefjynfh

apygonf .../

110


42/ qD;yl? qD;atmifh jzpfvQif ...

eEGif;rIefY? qDjzLoD; owåK&nf? ysm;&nf okH;rsKd;a&mpyfwkdufauR;yg .../ (pm? 76)

111


o Q o Q o

112


(17) yG JawGUukxHk;

atmifukdEk dif

'kwd,tBudrf? 2001? rwfv/ wefzk d; 300usyf/ ynma&Tawmifpmay .../

1/ 0domcgaq;ESif h MoZmaph ...

MoZmaphukd tkd;uif;wpfckxJxnfhNyD; rD;jyif;wkdufzkwf&w,f/ jymEkqkdufatmif tawmfav;zkwf&ygw,f/

tJ'DjymEkeJY eEGif;rIefYppfppf qwla&m&ygw,f/ NyD;awmh ysm;&nfeJYaw xef;vsufeJYvnf; awEkdifygw,f/ NyD;awmh

qD;uif;avmuf tvHk;uav;awG vHk;NyD; aevSef;&ygw,f/ ajcmufaoGUoGm;&if zefykvif;xJxnfhNyD; eHeuf?

nwpfvHk;pD rSefrSefpGJpm;oGm;yg .../

tJ'Daq;ukd ]]0domcgaq;}} vdkY ac:Muygw,f/ bk&m;&Sifvufxufu ykAÁm½kHausmif;tpfrBuD; 0domcgqkd&if

touf(120) wkdifatmifaeoGm;&NyD;orD;rsm;?ajr;rsm;eJYawmif tvScsif;NydKifEkdifcJhw,fr[kwfvm;/ tck'Daq;[mvnf;

0domcgausmif;tpfrBuD;vdkyJ toufBuD;onfhwkdifatmif t&G,fEkysKdapwmukd taMumif;jyKNyD; ]]0domcgaq;}}

vkdYac:wmyg.../

'ghtjyif ZufaMumwufwmwkdY? rsufpda0wmwkdY? "r®wmvmcsdefukdufcJ wwfwmwkdY 0, whJolawG

tqDustom;uspfNyD;? ydefolqkd&ifvnf; 0NzdK;pkdjynfvmygw,f/ ukd,f0efaqmifrdcifawG om;onfrdcifawGvnf;

pm;Ekdifygw,f .../

'Daq;[m wjcm;aq;awGeJYvnf; y#dyu© rjzpfwJhtwGuf twlwl a&maomufEkdifygw,f aq;enf;uawmh

rcufvSygbl;/ aocsmpGm pGJpm;zkdYyJ vkdygw,f .../ (pm? 24)

2/ yef;em&ifusyfESif h jy'g; ...

jy'g;xnfhxm;wJh ykvif;av;ukd BudK;eJYoG,fNyD; vnfyif;rSmqGJxm;&wmygyJ/ ]]aMomf jy'g;eJY qkdwm twnfh

uufuif; rdaewmukd;/ "mwfwlemrfwl aq;zuf,l qkdwmeJYvnf; ukdufaewmyJ .../ 'g "mwfqifxm;wmeJYwlw,f

...}} /

twnfh uufuif;vm;? "mwfwlemrfwlvm;awmh rodbl;/ tJh'gav; ,Hk,HkMunfMunfeJY qGJxm;wJhaeYupNyD;

ckxd yef;emawmh jyefrxawmhbl/ tJh'gawmhvufawGUyJ / wpfckawmh&Sdw,f/ uwdESpfckeJYtwl bk&m;a&SrSm

opömqkd&w,f/ (wpf) aq;vdyfraomuf&ygbl;/ (ESpf) trJom;rpm;&bl;/ aq;vdyfjyefaomuf&if? trJom;

jyefpm;&ifawmh jyefjzpfrSmyJwJh}} .../ (pm? 30)

3/ ,m;emESif h aeZmjruf ... (aeZmjruf = xdyfqDrSmtoD;zkwkwkeJ Y jruf)

aeZmjrufukd rD;tkHNyD; owåK&nf&atmif n§pf,lyg/ tJ'DowåK&nfeJY eEGif;rIefYppfppfeJY yspfyspfav;azsmfNyD; vdrf;/

a&oHk;&ufrcsKd;bJ wpfaeYoHk;cgvdrf;? ig;ydig;ajcmufiHjym&nf? c&rf;oD;rpm;eJY .../(pm?41)

4/ wif;wdyf ESif h Muufql½Guf? bl;aph ...

½kd;½kd;Muufqlyifu t½Gufukd rD;tHkNyD; owåK&nfn§pf,lyg/ tJ'DMuufql½GufowåK&nfeJY bl;oD;tpkdxJu

bl;aphtpkdukda&mNyD; nufNyD; ap;ykdifoGm;atmif Budwf&w,f/ tJ'gukd tyspftusJ vdrf;vkdYaumif;½kH pDrHNyD;

oeyfcg;vdrf;ovkd vdrf;tdyfaygh/ nwkdif;vdrf;tdyfvkdY wpfvavmufqkd&if ododomom oufomoGm;r,f/

Muufql½Gufu rEkr&ifYaumif;w,f .../ (pm? 59)

5/ tmoD;a&mif (yoda&mif)? vnfacsmif;emESif h 'efovGefjrpf ....

'efYovGefjrpf vwfvwfqwfqwfukd a&pifatmifaq;NyD; ausmufysOfoefYoefYwGif oeyfcg;aoG;ovkd aoG;yg/

aoG;í&aom tESpfukd aomufa&qwl odkYr[kwf ESpfqa&mNyD; odaE¨mqm;tenf;i,fxnfh&ygrnf/ r&vQif½kd;½kd;

qm;xnfhyg .../

113


txufygaq;&nfukd ikHay;&ygonf/ wpfcgiHkvQif 5 rdepfcefY wpfaeYav;ig;cg iHkay;&ygonf/

ikHNyD;raxG;xkwfrD ZufvSefNyD; yg;pyf[um aq;&nfjzifh tmcwfNyD;rS axG;xkwf&ygonf/ tmoD;ta&mif avsmhoGm;NyD;

emusifukdufcJí pm;&cuf? rsKd&cufaom a0'emqkd;vnf; ododomom oufomaysmufuif; oGm;ygvdrfhrnf/

aoG;xm;aomtESpfESihf a& a&mpyfykHrSm yHkaor[kwfyg/ 'efYovGeftESpfrsm;NyD; a&enf;vQif tmacgif ylpyfylavmif

jzpfwwfygonf/ cHom½kHomazsmfpyfyg .../

aomufaq; wGJzufaomufvkdygu 'efYovGef½Guf vufwpfqkyfcefYukd odaE¨mqm; a&G;BuD;cefYESifh a&mBudwfí

owåK&nf aomufEkdifygonf/ wpfaeYoHk;Budrf aomufay;yg/ a&m*gEkvQif rkcsaysmufygonf/ a&m*g7ifYvQif tcsdef

ay;&ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 63)

6/ vdyfacgif;jrif;o½kd fufESif h awmoyGwfcg;oD; ...

]]jrif;o½kdufu wpfyifwkdifr[kwfawmhbl; ... ya'omjrif;o½kdufjzpfaeNyD/ aumif;aumif;ukrS EkdYr[kwf&if

acG;*&if*sDemyg a&mNyD;jzpfawmhr,f}} / awmoyGwfcg;oD; (2)vHk;ukd tay:uajcmufNyD; rmaewJhtcGH

tomav;cGmvdkuf/ puúLoefYoefYjzefYcif;NyD; tay:u oyGwfoD;tajcmufESpfvHk;ukd tcsif;csif;yGwfay;awmh

trIefYav;awG usvmvdrfhr,f .../

aemuf ... rkdif;ukdifpuúLudk tomav;vdyfNyD; a&pGwf/ NyD;awmh oyGwfrIefYyg;yg; jzL;NyD;

rkdif;ukdifpuúLvdyfuav;ukd 0pör*f (ptkd) xJ tomav;xkd;oGif;/ cPaeawmh 0rf;oGm;vkdufwm twGif;u

vdyfacgif;yg qif;vmw,f/ vdyfacgif;ukd a&oefYoefYeJYaq;NyD; wpfywfvHk; pdwf&Snf&SnfeJY oyGwfrIefYav;awG jzL;ay;/

tJ'DtcgrSm vdyfacgif;[m pkdvmNyD; t&nfawGusvmr,f/ t&nfuswmenf;oGm;&if trIefYxyfjzL; .../

tJ'Dt&nfuylawmh ptkd0w0kdufukd tkef;qDvdrf;ay;xm;/ vdyfacgif;ukdawmh tkef;qDrxd&bl;/

tJ'gqkdrylawmhbl/ 10&ufavmufvJMuma&m t&nfxyf rxGufawmhovkd vdyfacgif;vnf;r&Sdawmhbl;/ wpfcgwnf;

aysmufoGm;vkdufwm ckxdygyJ/ 'gukd,fawGU .../ (pm? 73)

7/ qD;csK da&m*gESif h ausmufcJa&pdrf ...

a&S;a[mif;[dE´Laq;enf;ukd a*:&cg;BuD;wpfa,mufqDu wpfqifh&vkdY awmifwef;omoemjyK q&mawmf

t&SifOD;Owårom& ay;cJhwJh aq;enf;yg/ a&xJrSmtjrJpdrfxm;wJh ausmufcJvHk;ukd,lNyD; rD;xJrSm tcsdefESpfem&D

Mumonfhwkdif zkwf&w,f/ rD;tm;aumif;zkdYvkdw,f/ ausmufwHk;odyfylaewkef; n§yfeJY xkwf,lNyD; tkd;wpftkd;eJY

oD;oefYxnfhxm;wJh aomufa&xJukd tomav; n§ifn§ifomom xnfhvdkuf&w,ff/ &SJueJjrnfNyD; a&awG

qlyGufvmvdrfhr,f/ ausmufcJtBuD; tao;tvkdduf a&tenf;trsm; csifhcsdefyg .../

a&jyefat;oGm;wJtxd ausmufwHkk;ukdqufpdrfxm;&r,f/ a&aumif;aumif;at;oGm;NyDqkdrS ausmufcJukdjyef

z,fxkyf/ a&ukdawmh t0wfoefYoefYeJY ppfNyD; oD;oefYtkd;wkdY zefcsKdifhwYkdxJ ajymif;xJhyg/ tJ'Da&[mckqkd&if

aq;jzpfoGm;NyD/ tJ'Da&ukdyJ aomuf&r,f wpfaeYvHk; bmt&nfrS raomuf&bl;/ aumfzDwkdY bdvyf&nfwkdYomru

vufzuf&nfMurf; awmifraomuf&bl; xrif;pm;wkef; [if;csKdav;? bmav;enf;enf;aomufEkdifw,f/ wjcm;

pGyfjyKwfwkdYbmwkdY t&nf qkd&ifbm t&nfrS raomuf&bl;/ ckeu ausmufcJa&pdrfukdyJaomuf&r,f ..../

usefwJhtcsKdwkdY bmwkdYuawmh xHk;pHtwkdif; avQmhpm;aygh/ (4)7ufavmufqkd&if aumif;aumif;csnf;odvmygNyD/

ausmufcJuawmh a&aoa&&Sifra&G;bl;/ a&xJrSmtawmfMumMum (tNrJvkd) pdrfaewJhausmufcJ jzpfzkdYom

ta&;BuD;w,f/ vkdcsifawmhrS em&Dykdif;avmuf pdrfxm;wmrsKd; roHk;&bl;/ NyD;awmh wpfcgrD;zkwfxm;NyD;

jzpfwJhausmufcJukd jyefroHk;eJY .../

pdrfa&ukdvnf; trsm;BuD;vkyfxm;vdkYr&bl;/ wpfcgvkyf av;&ufpmavmufyJ vkyfxm;&r,f/ tu,fí a&eJY

reD;wJh t&yfrSmqkd&if tJ'DausmufwHk;awGukd pOfhtkd;xJa&xnfhNyD; pdrfxm;/ a&rcef;apeJY zkwfcgeD;rS q,fzkwf .../

a&tkd;tvwfpm;wpftkd;qkd&if ausmufcJu wif;epfabmvHk;avmuf? vdar®mfoD;avmuf? ausmufp&pfcJ?

vdyfonf;ausmuf? vrf;cif;ausmuf tukef&w,f/ pdwfcsvufcsaomuf/ qD;csKdr&SdbJ vdyfacgif;jzpfaeolukd

aomufckdif; Munfhwmaysmufw,f/ awmifwef;omoemjyKq&mawmfBuD; OD;Owårom&&JU aq;enf;ukd vufvSrf;rSDorQ

xyfqifhenf;ay;NyD; ukokdvf,lawmfrlMuygukef .../ (pm? 81)

114


o Q o Q o (18) pm;yifoHk;yifaq;zuf0if

OD;vS'if

yxrtBudrf? 2004? Zlvkdif/ wefzk d; 2500usyf/ ynma&Tawmifpmtkyfwkduf .../

1/ csif;,dk jyKvkyfenf; (1)

o&ufoD;pdrf;ukd jyKwfyg/ o&ufoD; El;aomtcg xef;vsufESifhqD oifhawmf½kHxnfhyg xkdYaemuf

csif;xnfhBudKyg/ rwl;rjcpfap&/ þum; csif;,dkjyKvkyfenf;yif .../ (pm? 13)

2/ vnfyif;a&m*gESif h csif; ...

vQmcifusjcif;? toHrxGufjcif;? ponfwkdYjzpfcJhaomf aeYtcgü csif;wufukd ESpfBudrfcefY0g;ay;vQif ovdyf

aysmfoGm;jcif;aMumifh a&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 19)

3/ csif;,kd jyKvkyfenf; (2)

a&S;OD;pGm csif;ukdtcGHcGmí a&ütenf;i,fjyKwfyg/ xkdaemuf a&ukdoGefypfí csif;ukda&pifatmifaumif;pGm

n§pf,lNyD; ysm;&nfESifhpdrfyg/ avvHkaom zefbl;wGif xnfhí avuG,f&müxm;yg/ txl;owdjyK&efrSm

csif;ukdjyKwfNyD;aemuf a&ukd pifatmifn§pfypf&ef ta&;BuD;onf/ a&rpifvQif ykwfwwfonf/ odkYr[kwf

yGvmwwfonf/ þcsif;,dkonf pm;ívnf; aumif;onf/ vlukdvnf; tvGefusef;rmapwwfonf .../ (pm? 13)

4/ toHysuf? toH0ifa&m*gESif h csif; ...

(1) csif;ukdBudwfí oMum;tenf;i,fa&myg xkdaemufysm;&nfxnfhí vQufay;aomf toHonf OMoiSufoH

uhJokdY aumif;vwåHU .../

(2) odkYr[kwf csif;ajcmufESifh opfMuykd;acgufjyKwf&nfwGif oMum;a&míaomufcJhaomf toHysuf?

toH0ifa&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 19)

5/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESif h csif; ....

(1) csif;ESifh xef;vsufa&míBudwfxm;aomtrIefYukdpm;yg .../

(2) odkYr[kwf csif;ajcmufrIefYESifh oMum; (odkYr[kwf)xef;vsufESifh twla&mpm;yg .../

(3) odkYr[kwf csif;ajcmufrIefYukd a&ESifhaomufyg .../

(4) odkYr[kwf csif;ajcmufESifh BudwfrSef½GufrIefY 1yJom;ukdaomufyg .../ (pm? 19)

6/ acsmif;qkd;yef;em ESif h csif;ajcmuf?zefcg;oD;rIef Y ....

csif;ajcmufESifhzefcg;oD;rIefYukd a&aEG;jzifhaomufyg.../(pm? 19)

7/ tat;rdESmap;ESif h csif;&nf? ysm;&nf ....

csif;owåK&nfESifh ysm;&nfa&maomufyg .../ (pm? 22)

8/ ESm½SLap;ESif h (csif;ESif h xef;vsuf) ...

csif;ESifh xef;vsufjyKwf&nf odkYr[kwf csif;pdrf;&nfü xef;vsufa&mí ESm½SLay;cJhaomf rsufpd?em;? ESmacgif;wkdü

jzpfaoma&m*grsm;ESifh vnfyif;? vnfacsmif;? ausmukef;wkdYüjzpfaom a&m*grsm; aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 23)

115


9/ em;ukdufjcif;ESif h csif;...

csif;&nf odkYr[kwf csif;rIefYwGif qDxnfhí csufNyD;vQif tenf;i,fylatmifjyKí (aEG;atmifjyKí)

em;wGifxnfhyg.../ em;ukdufjcif; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 23)

10/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESif hcsif; ...

csif;ukd jyKwfaomufaomf aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 23)

11/ qHkqkd YemESif h MuufoGefjzL...

MuufoGefjzLukd jznfjznf;csif;0g;yg/ t&nfrsKdcsyg/ MuufoGefjzL aMurGoGm;aomtcg tzwfrsm;ukdygrsKdcs&rnf/

þenf;twkdif;qufí 0g;pm;ay;vQif oHk;av;em&DtwGif;MuufoGefjzL 2atmifp (3usyfom; ausmfausmfcefY)

ukefoGm;vdrfrnf/ tyl'D*&Dvnf;usoGm;vdrfhrnf/ tu,fí raysmufygu aeYpOfwpfywfcefY qufpm;yg/ tu,fí

uav;rsm;taejzifh0g;rpm;vkdaomf &Smvywfazsmf&nfvkyfí wkdufauR;Ekdifygonf .../

(qkHqkdYem = qkHZkdYem = vnfacsmif;wGifjzpfaom temwpfrsKd;)

12/ MuufoGefjzL\ *k kPfowdå ...

tdEd,odyÜHokawoeXme (Indian Institute of Science) wGifMuufoGefjzLrS &&Sdaom"mwfwkdYukd

okawoejyK&m MuufoGefjzLwGif ykd;wkYdukdzsufqD;wwfaom rsm;pGmaom*kPfowdåukd awGU&SdMuavonf/

xkd*kPfowdårSm ]]yifeDpvif}} ESifh wl\[k qkdMu\/

¤if;trnfukd ]]atvDqif}} [k trnfay;xm;Muonf/ ]]atvDqif}} ESifh ]]yifeDpvif}} EIdif;,SOfMunfh&m

rnfonfh½SLaxmifhu MunfhMunfh ]]atvDqif}} u tvGefaumif;jrwfaeonfukkkd awGU&Sd&onf[k qkdMuavonf .../

(pm? 55)

13/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESif h MuufoGefjzL...

iSufzsm;&m*gpGJuyfoltm; MuufoGefjzLukdESrf;qDESifh a&mípm;apcJhaomf tusKdjyL\/ tat;rdí tvGefwkefwuf

wwfaom tzsm;a&m*grsKd;ukd MuufoGefjzLonf tumtuG,fay;onf/ (pm? 55)

14/ ta&jym;a&m*gESif h MuufoGefjzL...

tem&Sdaeaomae&mukd MuufoGefjzLt&nfvdrf;usHay;&onf/ MuufoGefjzLukd &Sm;acgufjyKwf&nfESifh

wkdufauR;&\/ ayG;aygufaomf tcGHETmxm;aomMuufoGefjzLESifh yGwfay;vQif aysmufuif;Ekdifavonf.../ (pm? 55)

15/ temaygufa&m*gESif h MuufoGefjzL ...

vuf\twGif;om;ukdvIdufí pm;aeojzifh taMumrsm;ukd twkdif;om;jrifae&\/ tvGefteHqkd;jcif;?

jynfrsm;,kdpD;jcif;vnf; jzpfae\/ xkdtemukdMuufoGefjzL&nfjzifh aq;aMumí MuufoGefjzL t&nfwGif

acwåtpdrfckdif;NyD; ywfwD;pnf;ay;vdkuf&m rMumcif aysmufuif;oGm;ygonf .../ (pm? 56)

16/ qHyifESif h MuufoGefjzL ...

qHyifaumif;ap&ef? rjzLap&ef MuufoGefjzL&nfukdvdrf;ay;yg.../ (pm? 58)

17/ ESmacgif;a&m*gESif h MuufoGefjzL...

116


tcsKdUaomuav;rsm; ESmacgif;rS ESyfrsm;tcgcyfodrf;,dkpD;ae\/ raumif;aomteH&Sdonfh ESm&nfrsm;vnf;

,dkpD;ae\/ ,if;tajctaeü MuufoGefjzL&nf 12yJom; (¾usyfom;) ESifh a& 7usyfcGJom; a&mí aeYtcgwGif 3Budrf

4Budrf ESmacgif;wGif;okdY Muufawmifjzifh oGif;ay;yg .../ (pm? 57)

18/ toHysuf? toH0if? toHwdrfESif h MuufoGefjzL ...

MuufoGefjzLukd EG,fcsKdESifhtwla&mírsKdcsyg/ xkdYjyif &ufwuf&nfESifh a&maomMuufoGefjzL&nfukd vnfyif;üjzpf

aomtem (sore throat) pum;ajym>yefacsmif; (vocal cords) avQmhyg;vmaomtcgwkdYü 0g;NyD;rsKdcsvQif aysmufuif;\/

xdkYtjyif vQmcif (uvula) BuD;aomtcg MuufoGefjzL&nfukdtoHk;jyKvQif sliver nitrate uJhodkY tusKd;jyK\ .../ (pm? 57)

19/ tm;wkd;aq;ESif h MuufoGefjzL ...

MuufoGefjzLukd axmywfESif haMumfNyD; ysm;&nfESifh a&mpyfí rjywfrSD0JMuavonf/ umrowådukd wkd;yGm;ap\

,if;enf;um; rSwfom;zG,faumif;vSawmh\.../ (pm? 62)

(&Sifem*odef? yHkjyaq;tbd"mef twGJ(1)? pmrsufESm(111) ü ]]axmywfESif hazsmfí}} ...)

20/ avcsKyfjcif;ESif h MuufoGefjzL ...

MuufoGefjzLO cyfxGm;xGm; (7)wuf (odkY) MuufoGefjzLOwpfvHk; (7)vHk;cefY rD;tHk;ípm;/ avaumif;pGmouftHh

.../ (pm?62)

21/ MuufoGefeDwGifyg0ifaom "mwfrsm; ...

MuufoGefeDwGif xHk;"mwfrsm;pGm yg0ifonf/ ADwmrifat"mwf? ADwmrif bD(1)"mwf? ADwmrif pD"mwfwkdYvnf;

tawmftoifhyg0if\ .../ xkH;"mwfonf vlUcE¨mukd,f\ t½kd;xJü 90% &Sdí usef 10%onf cE¨mukd,f\

vkyfief;rsm;ukd aqmif½Gufay;ygonf .../%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%$$$$$

þ (t[m&) xkH;"mwfonf ukd,fcE¨m&Sd t½kd;rsm;ukd BuD;xGm;oefrmap\/ udk,fum,oefrmrlukd tm;ay;\/

tm½kHaMumrsm;ukdvnf; aumif;rGefvef;qef;atmifjyKjyifay;Ekdif\/ vlwkdYwGif tm[m& (xHk;) "mwfcsKdUwJhvQif t½kd;? oGm;?

cE¨mukd,fwkdY xGm;usKdif;rIrS &yfwefYoGm;aponf .../

t½kkd;aysmha&m*gESifh t½kd;rsm; tvG,fwul usKd;Ekdifaoma&m*grsm; pGJuyfEkdif½kHru tiftm;qkwf,kwfí

toufukdyif wkdapwwfonf/ ajccGifjcif;? &iftkyfcRefjcif;? cg;apmif;jcif;wkdYrSm oli,fem½kd;aysmha&m*gjzpfNyD;rS

usef&pfaom'Pf rsm;jzpf\/ rdef;uav;rsm;wGif þa&m*grsKd;jzpfvQif wifyg;qkHyHkysufí om;zGm;&mü

tcuftcJawUGwwfonf/ xHkk;"mwf onftylay;í MumMumcsufvdkufvQif ysufpD;vG,faMumif;owdjyKyg/ ADwmrif

at"mwfonf rMumcPtat;rdNyD; zsm;emjcif;? Muufrsufoifhjcif;? ta&jym;ay:ü Mumql;rsm;aygufjcif;

paoma&m*grsm; ruyfEkdifatmif umuG,fay;\ .../

ADwmrifbD (1)onf tpmaMuEdkdif\/ tm½kHaMumrsm;ukdaumif;rGefapEkdif\/ cE¨mukd,ftpdwftykdif;rsm;ukd

BuD;xGm; ap\ ADwmrifpD"mwfrSm t½kd;ESifhoGm;rsm;ukdaumif;rGefpGm wnfaqmufay;Ekdif\

aoG;tdrfrsm;ukdaumif;rGefap\/ oGm;zHk;rsm;ukdaumif;rGefap\ aoG;tm;ukdvnf;wkd;wufap\.../ (pm? 81)

22/ MuufoGefeDpm;jcif;\tusKd; ...

MuufoGefeD pm;oHk;jcif;jzifh tom;t&nfpifMu,fíacsmrGwfvmjcif;? ta&miftqif;aumif;vmjcif;

pdwfMunfvifí todÓmPfxufjrufjcif;? tawG;tac:aumif;jcif;rsm; jzpfvmEkdifayonf?? xkdtjyif 0rf;rD;aumif;í

umrowådvnf; ykdrkdvmwwfonf/ toufvnf;&Snfwwf\.../

usef;rmolvnf; MuufoGefeDukdtNrJpGJí xrif;ESifh oHk;aqmifygu 0NzdK;vmvdrfhrnf/ ESvHk;MuHhckdifvmvdrfhrnf/

&iYfa&mfjcif;r½Sd armyef;jcif;r&SdbJ tvkyfukd wm&Snf vkyfukdifvmEkdifrnf/ MuufoGefeD tpdrf;pm;aomf aumif;aumif;

tdyfaysmfwwf\ .../ (pm? 82)

117


23/ qD;a&m*gESif h MuufoGefeD ...

qD;rsm;ap&ef MuufoGefeDukd tpdrf;pm;ay;&\ qD;wpfpufwpfpufusaom a&m*grsm;üMuufoGefeDukd

jyKwfaomuf&\ .../ (pm? 83)

24/ uav;qD;csKyfjcif;ESif h MuufoGefeD ...

rD;zkwfxm;aomMuufoGefeDukd qD;tdrfay:ü ylylaEG;aEG;uyfay;yg .../ (pm? 83)

25/ uav;rsm;qD;roGm;Ek difaomf...

uav;rsm;qD;csKyf? qD;atmifhí qD;roGm;Ekdifaomf MuufoGefeD Oao;ao;wpfwufukd tzsmbufrS "m;ESifh

cRefNyD; oli,f\ qD;wHxdyfwGifpGyfxm;yg/ em&D0ufrwkdifrDqD;oGm;vwåHU/ ausmufwnfvQif t&nfaysmfus\ .../(pm? 84)

26/ qD;a&m*gESif h ZD&mjzL ...

ausmufwnfa&m*g? qD;csKyfa&m*gwkdü ZD&mukdoMum;ESifh a&mwkdufvQifaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 95)

27/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESif h ZD&mjzL ...

(1) &ufwuf&nfESifh ZD&mukda&mwkdufay;yg../

(2) ZD&mukdaxmywfESifhaMumfí cGufwpfckwGifxnfhí tckd;½SLyg .../ (pm? 96)

28/ vdifOa&mifjcif;ESif h ZD&mjzL ...

ZD&mESifh i½kwfaumif;ukd a&ESifh a&mBudwfNyD; rD;wGifusKdí vdifOwGif vdrf;ay;ygu vdifOa&mifjcif;


29/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESif h ZD&mjzL ...

ZD&mrIefYESifh xef;vsufa&mwkdufyg .../ (pm? 97)

(txufyg azmfjyygZD&mrsm;onf ]]ZD&mjzL}} jzpfygonf) .../

30/ vdyfacgif;tjyifxGufjcif;ESif h ZD&mndK ...

ZD&mndKaph 12yJom; prkefpyg; 12yJom;? a& 40om;jzifhjyKwfyg/ a&xuf0uf<uif;aomtcg csyg/ xkdaemuf

ausmufcsnftenf;i,fxnfhNyD; xkdt&nfjzifh reufwpfcg nwpfcg aq;aMumyg/ vdyfacgif; wjznf;jznf;ajcmufoGm;

vdrhfrnf .../ (pm? 98)

31/ om;tdrfa&mifjcif;ESif h ZD&mndK ...

om;tdrfa&mifcJhaomf ZD&mndKaphukd jyKwfí xkdjyKwf&nfwGif om;tdrfa&mifolukd xkdifapcJhaomf aysmufuif;ap\

.../ (pm? 99)

32/ OD;aESmuftm;aq;ESif h ZD&mndK ...

ZD&m 6yJom;? prkefpyg; 6yJom;? oMum; 6yJom; xkdoHk;rsKd;ukd nufpGmBudwfí trIefYjyKvkyfyg/ xkdYaemuf

Am'HoD; tqH 7yJom; axmif;xnfhí oratmif a&maESmyg/ ¤if;aq;rIefYukd EGm;EdkYylylESifh nwkdif; aomufyg .../

aq;aomufNyD;aomf a&vHk;0 raomuf&/ þuJhokdY &uf (40)rQ qufí aomufay;vQif ...

(1) OD;aESmuftvGef tm;&Sdvmvdrfhrnf .../

118


(2) ÓmPfrsm;vnf; ykdrkdxufjrufvmvdrfhrnf .../

(3) owdw&m;vnf; ykdrkdaumif;vmvdrfhrnf .../

(4) rsufpdvnf; ykdrkdMunfvifvmvdrfhrnf .../

(5) rsufrSefwyf&jcif;rS uif;vGwfvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 100)

33/ acgif;rl;jcif;ESih f ZD&mndK ...

tcsKdUolwYkd\ acgif;rl;a&m*grSm OD;acgif;wGift0wfpwpfckrQ twifrcHEkdifatmif rl;wwfonf/ OD;acgif;rSm rD;yrm

tcsdefwkdif; ylaeonf[k xif&\/ xkdokdYacgif;rl;a&m*g&Sdolukd ZD&m 6yJom;ukd a& 40om;usyfom;wGifpdrfí

xkdpdrf&nfukd vomaomnü tdrfacgifrkdk;ay: wifxm;yg/

eHeufa&mufaomf xkdt&nfukd vufjzifhe,fí oefYpifaomt0wfjzifh ppf,lNyD;vQifoMum;tenf;i,f

a&maomufyg/ &uftenf;i,ftwGif; OD;acgif;rl;jcif; aysmufuif;oGm;vdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 101)

34/ acgif;rl;jcif;ESif h ZD&mndK...

acgif;rl;wwfaoma&m*gonf ao;i,fonf[k xif&aomfvnf; MumvmvQif wjznf;jznf;

OD;aESmufysufpD;jcif;? ½l;oGyfjcif;odkdYyif a&muf&SdoGm;wwfonf .../

xkdYaMumifh acgif;rl;wwfaoma&m*gukd EkpOfuyif tjrpfjywfatmif ukooifhonf/ aq;enf;rSm ZD&m

7usyfcGJom;? oMum; 2usyfwpfrwfom; ¤if;wkdYukdnufpGmBudwfí trIefYjyKvkyfyg/ xkdaq;rIefY 9yJom;ukd eHeufwkdif;

EGm;EdkY ylylESifh aomufvQif OD;acgif; csmcsmvnfatmif rl;a0aejcif;ukdyif csufcsif;,lypfovkd aysmufuif;apwwf\/

(pm? 101)

35/ ukuúdK ...

jrefrmukuúdKoD;rSm jym;í0gNyD;vQif oabFmukuúdKoD;rSm vHk;a,mifa,mifjzpfí tndK&ifha&mif7Sdonf/ wpfzef

oabFmukuúdKoD;rSm tom;jynfhum rSnfhvQifcsKdí uRJEGm;rsm; ESpfoufMuonf/ aq;zuf0ifjcif;aMumifh jrefrmukuúdKu

oabFmukuúdKxuf ykdrkdtoHk;0ifonf .../ (pm? 109) (oabFmukuúdK = ukvm;ukuúdK)

36/ acgif;ukdufa&m*gESif h ukuúdK ...

(1) rnfonfh acgif;ukdufa&m*grqkd ukuúdKESifhaysmufuif;Edkif\/ ukuúdKoD; tESpf(odkY) taphukdBudwfíavvHkaom

zefbl;xJwGifxnfhxm;yg/ acgif;ukdufolukdESmaq;rIefY t½SLckdif;ouJhokdYt½SLcdfkif;vQif rdepftenf;i,frQ

Mumaomtcg acsqwfíacgif;ukdufaysmufuif;oGm;aponf/

(2) odkYr[kwf ukuúdKyGifhukd,lí ausmufysOfay:wGif a&tenf;i,fESifhBudwfyg/ xkdBudwf&nfwkdYukd acgif;ESifh

em;xifwkdYwGif vdrf;ay;ygu acgif;ukdufjcif; aysmufuif;ygonf .../ (pm? 121)

37/ rsufpOfaq;ESif hukuúd K ...

rsufpd wdrfov’m a&m*gESifhywfoufí ]]wdrf}} [lonfrSm rsufeuf0ef;\ tv,fwGif jzLaeaom tpuf

tajymufuav;ukd ac:NyD; ]]ov’m}} [lonfrSm xkdokdYtpuftajymufr[kwfbJ rkd;om;yrmjzLa&mifoef;aeonf

ukdac:\ .../ (pm? 124)

aq;enf;rSm ukuúdKacguftav;csdef wpfaygif (27usyfcGJom;) wGif trQifrsm;uif;aom oabFmcsif;ajcmuf

12yJom; (16yJ = 1usyfom;) xnfhí rIefYnufaeatmifaxmif;yg/ xkdYaemufESrf;qDzsef;í oefYpifaom t0wfwpfckjzifh

ppf,lNyD; zefbl;wGifxnfhí aumif;pGm odrf;xm;yg .../

tvkd&Sdaomtcg rsufpdtwGif;okdY tenf;i,frQxnfhyg/ tusKd;um; rsufpdrIefjcif;? ov’mjzpfjcif;?

rsufpdeDjref;jcif; paoma&m*grsm;wkdYukd aysmufuif;apwwf\ .../ (pm? 125)

119


38/ usyfykwD;emESif h ukuúdKaph ...

uswfykwD;em[lonf vnfyif;ü rmaMumaomtzkrsm; wGJvsm;usaejcif; jzpfNyD; ykwD;rsm;ESifh wlaomaMumifh

]]usyfykwD;em}} [k ac:\ .../

ukuúdKaphukd trIefYjyKíZumcsyg/ ¤if;wGifysm;&nftenf;i,favsmvsuf ajrtkdk;wGifxnfhNyD;vQif tzHk;ydwfí

*sHkKrIefYjzifh aZmfo&GwfrHyg/ (7)7uf aeylwGif vSef;NyD;aemuf vlemtm; 9yJom; rS 12yJom;txd aeYpOfauR;yg?

tvGeftusKd;&Sdonfukd awUG jrif&ygonf .../

tcsKdUqkdvQif uswfykwD;emomr[kwf? qD;atmifha&m*gvnf;&Sdae\/ þuswfykwD;emonf qD;atmifhaa&m*g

rSjzpfyGm;aom tqdyfaoG;wkdYESifh a&moGm;jcif;aMumifh jzpf&onf[kq&m0efBuD; prff;oyfí a&S;uqkdcJhonfh

ukuúdKaphrsm;ESifh ysm;&nfudkwkduf\.../

wpfywfauR;NyD;aemuf uswfykwD;wkdYaysmhoGm;\ tqpftjrpfwYkd udkufcJjcif;vnf;r&Sd/ qD;atmifhjcif;vnf;

aysmufuif;í pdwfvnf;Munfvifvm\/ okdY7mwGifESmacgif;u tvGef,m;vmonf/ xkdtcg q&m0efBuD;u

wrmqDwGif qm;tenf;i,fxnfh ívdrf;ay;&mt,m;aysmufuif;oGm;avonf .../ (pm? 127)

39/ acsmif;qkd;a&m*g ...

acsmif;qkd;a&m*gonfomrna&m*grsKd;[k xif&aomfvnf; Mum&SnfjzpfyGm;ygu ESvHk;ü wnfaom ]]yg'}}

rnfaom touf&SLaomavESifh vnfacsmif;üwnfaom ]]Oyg'}} rnfaomavukd zsufqD;ypf\/ tqkwfukdvnf;

tm;enf;ap\/ OD;aESmuf&Sd ovdyf (ESyf) onfaysmfí vnfacsmif;rSwpfqifh tqkwfokdYuswwf\ .../

xdkovdyfü &SdaomtqdyfaMumifh vnfacsmif;ESifh tqkwfonf ysufpD;oGm;wwf\/ xkdYaMumifh acsmif;qkd;a&m*g

rSwpfqifh tqkwfem? vnfacsmif;a&m*gponfwkdYonf xyfqifhjzpfyGm;wwfavonf .../ (pm? 128)

40/ acsmif;qkd;aysmufaq;ESif h ukuúdK...

(1) ukuúdKaph 2usyfwpfrwfom;ukd axmif;í a7wpfaygif (27usyfcGJom;) ESifh jyKwfyg/xuf0uf<uif;aom

tcgysm;&nf 2usyfwpfrwfom; a&mí a&ukefonftxd csufyg/ wpfaeY 2Budrf? 3BudrfrQvQufyg/ wpfBudrfvQif

2yJom; .../ (pm? 128)

(2) wpfenf; ukuúdKacguf 6yJom;ukd ntcgü ajrtkd;wGif qefaq;&nfESifh pdrfyg/ reufwGifppfí

oMum;a&maomufyg/ &uftenf;i,f twGif;wGif acsmif;qkd;a&m*gonf tjrpfygrusef aysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrhfrnf .../

(pm? 128)

41/ tpmtdrfopf? tonf;a&mifjcif;ESif h ukuúdK ...

(1) tpmtdrfopfESifh tonf;a&mifa&m*g jzpfvQif qmavmifrGwfodyfjcif; vHk;0r&Sdacs/ tenf;i,fvnf;zsm;

wwfonf/ rsufESmta&mifvnf;ndKykwfykwfjzpfvmwwfonf.../ aq;enf;rSm bdef;aphESifhukuúKdjrpfacguf 9yJom;ukd? a&

40usyfom;ESifhjyKwfyg/ a&wpfaygif (27usyfcGJom;) usefaomtcg oMum;a&mí ppfaomufyg/ þvG,fulvSaom

aq;onf tonf;a&mifjcif;ESifh tpmtdrfopfa&mifjcif;ukd aysmufuif;aponf .../

tonf;tvGeftm;enf;jcif;aMumifh ajcaxmufrsm;a&mifjcif;? rsufESmrsm;a&mifjcif;jzpfNyD; rnfonfhaq;ESifh

rQukoí r&cJhaomf txufygaq;ukd toHk;jyKyg .../ (pm? 128)

rSwfcsuf/ / (1) bdef;aphtav;csdefryg .../

(2) aomuf&rnfhaq; twkdif;twmESifh tBudrfta&twGufryg .../

(2) wpfenf; ukuúKd½GufESifh tacgufukd t&dyfü tajcmufvSef;í rD;½SKdUyg/ jymcsyg/ þjymukd a&(8)qwGif pdrfí

ajrtkd;xJxnfhyg/ wpfaeYvQif 2 Budrf? 3BudrfrQ ukuúKdom;jzifh arTay;yg/ 37ufajrmufaomaeYü tay:a&Munfukd,lyg/

uvdkifokwfxm;aom tkd;wGifxnfhí csufyg/ a&cef;aomtcg tjzLa&mif&Sdaom qm;ukd&rnf þqm;onf

tonf;a&mifa&m*gtwGuf tvGefxufjruf\ .../

120


tvkd&Sdaomtcg 4 &wDrS 1yJom;xd oMum;a&mí? prkHpyg;aygif;wkduf&nfESifh aomufyg/ tonf;a&mifjcif;

tonf;tm;enf;jcif; aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 128)

42/ tzsOf;a&mifa&m*gESif h ukuúK d ...

tzsOf;a&m*g jzpfaevQiftpmukd aumif;pGmrpm;Ekdifjcif; aumif;pGmroGm;rvmEkdifjcif; tu,fítenf;i,f

oGm;vmvkyfukdifrdvQif tvGefarmyef;\ rsufESmta&mifazsmhjcif;nKdykyfjcif;jzpfwwf\.../

a&m*gjyif;xefvmygu uk&cuf\/ xkda&m*gtwGuf txufwGifjycJhonfhukuúKd½GufwkdrS csufaom]]qm;}}ukd

wpf&wDrS ESpf&wDxd aomufay;vQif rMumrDaysmufuif;oGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 128)

43/ jrif;o½kdufa&m*gESif h ukuúK d ...

aq;usrf;rsm;wGif jrif;o½kdufem trskKd;rsm;pGm &Sdaomfvnf; ,ckumvü (2)rskKd;om trSwfjyKMuonf/

wpfrsKd;rSm aoG;ESifh 0gaomt&mif&Sdt&nf 0pör*f (ptkd) rSxGufus\/ ¤if;ukd aoG;jrif;o½kduf[kac:\/ aemufwpfrsKd;rSm

aoG;,kdjcif;r&Sd/ okdY&mwGif 0pör*frSm ,m;,H\/ ¤if;ukd avjrif;o½kdufem[kac:\ .../

aoG;jrif;o½kdufem\ vu©PmrSm 0rf;csKyf\/ 0rf;oufaomtcg cufcJpGmjzifh tenf;i,f tenf;i,fomus\/

aoG;onf usifBuD;ESifhaomfvnf;aumif; aoG;csnf;oufouf aomfvnf;aumif; wpfpufwpfpufus\ tu,fí

a&m*gMumvmcJhaomf xdkifae&if;aomfvnf;aumif; usifi,fpGefY&if;aomfvnf;aumif; uswwf\/ vdyfacgif;rSmemusif

udkufcJ\ .../

avjrif;o½kdufem\ vu©PmrSm aoG;,kdpD;jcif;r&Sd/ okdY&mwGif emusifukdufcJjcif;awmh renf;vSay/

0rf;wGif;avjrnf\ 0rf;csKyf\/ cg;aygifwkdYudkufcJ\/ tpmaMuusufjcif;r&Sd/ qmavmifjcif;r&Sd/ rsufemESifhukd,fonf

azsmhawmhaomt&mif&Sdonf .../

xkdESpfrsKd;teuf aoG;jrif;o½kdufvdyfacgif;rS ]]aoG;euf}} usaomfxkdaoG;ukdcsufcsif;ydwfrypf&/ tu,fí

]]aoG;eD}} uscJhaomf ydwfay;oifh\/ jrif;o½kdufem aoG;ydwfaq;rSm ukuúKdaphukd nufpGmtrIefYjyKí 2&wD

twkdif;twmrQ aeYpOfeHeuf? n a&ESifh aomufyg/ oHk;&ufajrmufaeYwGif aoG;ydwfoGm;rnf..../

vdrf;aq;rSm vdyfacgif;ukdaq;aMumNyD;aemuf ukuúKdaphtqDESifh e,fay;yg/ oHk;&ufajrmufaomtcg

vdyfacgif;rSm ajcmufí a<uoGm;ygvdrhfrnf .../ (pm? 129)

44/ qD;atmifha&m*gESif h ukuúK d...

(1) ukuúKdyGifh 6yJom;ukd ,lyg/ ¤if;wGifoMum;tenf;i,fa&mía&ESifh pdrfyg/ xkdaemufe,fNyD;

t0wfESifhppfí aomufaomf qD;atmifh a&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../

(2) wpfenf; ... ukuúKdaphqDukd 'defcsOfESifh a&maomufaomfaysmufuif;\ ../

(3) wpfenf; ... ukuúKd½Gufukd a&ESifh Budwfí t&nfxkwf,lyg/ xkdaemuf oMum;a&mí aomufaomf

qD;atmifha&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 129)

45/ *Ek da&m*gESif h ukuúK d ...

qdwfEkdYESifh vkyfaom 'defcsOf&nfü ukuúKdaphqD 3pufrS 7puftxd xnfhí aeYtcg oHk;BudrfrQwkdufyg/ wpfcGuf

ESpfcGuf aomuf½kHrQESifh *Ekda&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 129)

('defcsOfvkyfenf; þrSwfpmrsufESm ( ) wGif&Sdonf) .../

46/ azma&mifjcif;ESif h ukuúK d ...

ukuúKdacguf 9yJom;ukd a& 40om;jzifh jyKwfyg/ xuf0uf<uif;aomtcg oMum;ESifh a&maomufyg/

tBudrftenf;i,frQ aomuf½kHeJY azma&mifa&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 129)

121


47/ ta&jym;a&m*gESif h ukuúK d ...

ta7jym;a&m*gonf aoG;om;raumif;rIaMumifhjzpf&onf/ ukuúKdonf aoG;om;ukd tvGefpifMu,fap

wwfonf .../ xkdYaMumifh ukuúKdaq;ukd tjrJrSD0JolwkdYonf aoG;om;rpifMu,frIaMumifh jzpfwwfaom ,m;,Hjcif;?

tzktydrfhrsm; xGufjcif;paom umvom;a&m*g rjzpfEkdif .../

ukuúKdacguf 12yJom;? i½kwfaumif;2yJom;ukdtrIefYjyKí a&ESifhaomufyg/ &uf(40)xd aomufvQif

aoG;om;onf rnfrQyif azmufjyefonfjzpfygap pifMu,foGm;Ekdif\/ xkdaq;onf Elem?,m;em? tzktydrfhxGufjcif;?

umvom;a&m*gwkdYukd aysmufuif;apEkdifonf/ (pm? 130)

48/ orifjzLa&m*gESif h ukuúK d ...

aoG;om; rnDrnGwfrIaMumifh jzpf&onf/ orifjzLa&m*gonf ig;rsm;ukd twkdif;twmxuf ykdvGefpGmaeYwkdif;

pm;aomufjcif;? EkdY&nfukd aomufNyD;aemuf tcsOfukdpm;jcif; (odkY) ig;ESifh EkdYukd a&mpm;jcif; ponfwkdYaMumifh

jzpfwwfonf/ jzpfpwGif tjzLuGuf wpfuGufrQyif jzpfaomfvnf; wjznfjznf; wpfukdk,fvHk; ysHUEYSHoGm;wwfonf/

ukuúKdaphqDukd vdrf;usHay;cJhaomf orifjzLa&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../

aemufwenf;rSm ukuúKdacgufukd nufpGmBudwfí a&ESifhtBudrfwpf&m aq;aMumyg/ xkdaemuf

ukuúKdacguftrIefYukd axmywfESifha&mívdrf;usHyg .../ (pm? 130)

49/ vdifOa&mifjcif;ESif h ukuúK d ...

ukuúKdacgufukd Budwfí vdrf;usHcJhaomf vdifOa&mifjcif; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?133)

50/ ESmydwfjcif;ESif h ukuúK d ...

ukuúKdaphukd nufpGmBudwfí ½SLay;aomf ESmydwfjcif; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 133)

51/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESif h yifpdrf; ...

(1) iSufzsm;wufaepOf yifpdrf;½Guf (10)½GufcefYcl;í i½kwfaumif;rIefYESifh a&míwkdufvQifiSufzsm;a&m*g


(2) yifpdrf;½Guf tpdrf;wkdYudk cl;í csdefyg/ ¤if;\xuf0uf i½kwfaumif;rIefYESifh a&mBudwfNyD; qD;uif;cefYtvHk;

uav;rsm;jyKvkyfyg/ ae&dyfwGif tajcmufvSef;yg/ xkdaq;vHk;av;rsm;ukd oHk;em&D jcm;í

iSufzsm;a&m*g&SdolwkdYukd 2vHk;pD wdkufyg/ iSufzsm;a&m*gaysmufuif;\/

(xkdaq;vHk;rsm;ukd tdEd,jynf aq;½kHrsm;ü toHk;jyKMuonf) .../ (pm? 154)

uRefyfwkdYjrefrmjynfwGifvnf; xkduJhokdY toHk;jyK&ef tMuHay;vkdygonf xkdyifpdrf;aq;vHk;onf uDGEkdif?

qifukdem? atawb&def; ponfwkdYuJhokdY iSufzsm;usoGm;atmif rpGrf;apumrl (4)cgrQ wkduf½kHjzifh tjrpfjywf

aysmufuif;apEkdifonf/ xkdYaMumifh tMuHay;vkdonfrSm ...

(u) rnfolrqkd wefzkd;enf;yg;pGmjzifh 0,f,ltoHk;jyKEdkif\ .../

(c) uGDEkdif;ponfwkdYonf uRefyfwdkYwkdif;jynf&Sd vlwdkY\ ½kyfw&m;ESifh avQufywfjcif;r&Sd/ uGDEdkif; ponfwkdYukd

aomufrdygu acgif;rl;jcif;? em;avxGufjcif;? EIwfcrf;ajcmufjcif;? em;yif;jcif;ponfwkdY jzpfwwfMuonf/

yifpdrf;ESifh iSufzsm;jzwfjcif;onf xkdokdYrjzpfEkdifacs .../

(*) uDGEkdif;ponfukd tvGeftuJaomufí tqkdygacgifrl;jcif; ponfwkdYjzpfcJhaomf ... EkdY7nfrsm;? tqD&Sdaom

t&m0w¬Krsm;? vdar®mfoD; ponfwkdYukd rsm;pGmpm;ay;&ojzifh qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf aiGtukefus rwwfEkdif

Muacs .../ txufyg taMumif;rsm;aMumifh qif;&Jom;rsm;twGuf uGDEkdif;tpm; yifpdrf;iSufzsm;aq;ukd tokH

jyK7ef tMuHjyK&ayownf; .../ (pm? 155)

52/ a>rukdufjcif;ESif h yifpdrf; ...

122


vlemonf owd&jcif; r&Sdawmhyg/ a>rukdufcH&onfrSm (8)em&DrQ MumaeygNyD/ uRefyfonf

a&mufvQifa&mufjcif; yifpdrf;½Gufukd xkaxmif;vsuf &aomt&nfukd vlem\ acgif;? yg;pyf? &ifbufwdkYü ememe,fí

vl;apygonf/ NyD;aemuf iSufaysmyifpnf&nf atmifp0ufukd yg;pyfjzJí wkdufygonf/ (atmifp0uf = 1usyfom;)

þenf;twkdif; 5rdepfwpfBudrfrQ iSufaysmyifpnf&nfukd owdr&rcsif; wkdufygonf/ 6em&D 7em&D rQMumaomf

owd&vmygawmYonf .../

xkdodkYjyKvkyfumrQESifh owdarhaeaom touf&Sifrnfhvu©Pmrsm; uif;rJhaeaom? arQmfvifhcsufuif;rJhaeaom

olrsm;yif yifpdrf;½Gufukd ukd,füvdrf;ay;jcif;? iSufaysmyifpnfu&aom t&nfukdyg;pyfxJ xnfhay;jcif;jzifhyifvQif

toufjyef&Sifvmonfukd awGUcJh&zl;ygonf .../ (pm? 157)

53/ onf;ajczsm;ESif h yifpdrf; ...

onf;ajcjyXmef;aom tzsm;a&m*grsm;ü t0ga&mif&Sdaom tefzwfrsm;ukd rMumcP tefwwfMuonf/

a&vnf; tvGefiwfwwfMuonf/ xkdtcg vwfqwfaom yifpdrf;½Guft&nfwGif oMum;tenf;i,fa&mí rMumrMum

wkdufay;oifh\/ þaq;&nfonf tzsm;ukdvnf; aysmufuif;apwwf\/ tonf;wGif pk½kH;wnf&Sdaom onf;ajcrv

(onf;ajctnpftaMu;) wkdYukdvnf; xkwfypfwwf\/ 0rf;rD;ukdvnf; awmufapwwf\/ a&iwfvnf;ajy\/

atmufokdYvnf; oufapwwf\ .../ (pm? 155)

54/ acgif;ukduf? ESmacgif;a&m*gESif h yifpdrf;...

acgif;ukdufjcif;? acgif;wpfjcrf;ukdufjcif;? ESmap;jcif;? ESmacgif;teHYukd rodaoma&m*gukdvnf;aumif;?

ESmacgif;wGif; ykd;rsm;&Sdaomtcgüvnf;aumif; vwfqwfaom yif;pdrf;&Gwfukd t&nfnpfí ESmacgif;xJ xnfhay;vQif

ESmacgif;xJ&Sd ykd;rsm;aoukef\ .../

yifpdrf;½GufajcmuftrIefYukd ESm½SLay;vQifvnf; raumif;aomteHrsm; ESmacgif;rS xGufjcif;aysmufuif;\ .../

(pm? 159)

55/ acsmif;qkd;yef;ema&m*gESif h yifpdrf; ...

yifpdrf;yGifhwH? csif;ajcmufESifh MuufoGefwkdYukd xkaxmif;vsuf ysm;&nfESifh a&mí vQufcJhaomf

acsmif;ajcmufqkd;jcif;ESifh yef;ema&m*grsm; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 160)

56/ vQmcifusa&m*gESif h yifpdrf; ....

acsmif;qkd;a&m*g? vQmcifusa&m*gwkdYü yifpdrf;½Guf tpdrf;ukdqm;ESihf a&mí 0g;ay;cJhaomf aysmufuif;\ .../

(pm? 160)

57/ ta7jym;a&m*gESif h yifpdrf; ....

yifpdrf;7GwfowåK&nfukd vdrf;ay;cJhaomf ta&jym;a&m*g aysmufuif;\/ xkdjyif yifpdrf;owåK7nfukd

oHyk&m&nfESifh a&mí vdrf;ay;cJhaomf ]]ayG;}} a&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 163)

58/ tdE´ d,ESif h wrm ....

tdEd,jynfoljynfom;wkdYonf ESpfpOfESpfwkdif; rkd;Owka&mufvQif wpfvwddwd wrmukdpm;avh pm;x&SdMuonf/

xkdokdY wpfvywf vHk;wrmukdpm;oHk;jcif;aMumifh wpfESpfywfvHk; aoG;rsm;pifMu,fapwwfaMumif;? aoG;roefYí

jzpfwwfaom ausmufa&m*g? ta&jym;a&m*g ponfwkdY ruyfa7mufEkdif .../

tMuifolonf yJ&mZmESifh wrm½Gufukda&mí wpfvywfvHk;pm;\? xkdoltm;wpfESpfywfvHk;tqdyfjzifh

redyfpufEkdifacs .../ (pm? 193) (yJ&mZm = yJeDav;)

123


59/ Ek d Yacsmif;ydwfjcif;ESif h wrm½Guf ...

rdefrrsm; EkdYacsmif;ydwfcJhaomf rdefrwkdY\ EkdYtkHukd wrm½GufBudwfí vdrf;usHay;cJhaomf aysmufuif;\ .../

(pm?201)

60/ onf;ajcaMumifh jzpfaoma&m*gESif h wrm½Guf ....

wrm½GufEkwkdYukd Budwfí xkdt&nfukd aomufchJaomf onf;ajcaMumifhjzpfaom a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; aysmufuif;\

.../ (pm? 203)

61/ OD;acgif;&S dyk d;ESif h wrm½Guf ...

wrm½Guf&nfukd ESrf;qDESifha&mí ESm½SLay;chJaomf OD;acgif;&Sdykd;rsm; ao\ .../ (pm?204)

62/ qD;ausmufwnfjcif;ESif h wrm½Guf ...

wrm½Gufjymukd &uftenf;i,fwkdifatmif pm;cJhaomf qD;wGif ausmufwnfjcif;a&m*g aysmufuif;onf/

2yJom;pm;í a&aomufcsyg .../ (pm?204)

63/ tqpfrsm;ukdufjcif;ESif h wrm ...

wrmtwGif;acgufukd a&ESifh ausmufysOfay:wGif aoG;yg/ emusifukdufcJaomae&mü cyfyspfyspfvdrf;yg/

wpfaeYvQif ESpfBudrfrQvdrf;cJhaomf tqpfrsm;udkufcJjcif; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 205)

65/ qD;a&m*gESif h wrm ...

wrmoD;tpdrf;ukd pm;chJaomf qD;a&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 207)

66/ vdyfacgif;ESif h eEGif;rIef Y ...

ydwfcsif;jrpf? eEGif;rIefY þaq;ESpfrsKd;ukd qwl EGm;usifi,f&nfESifh a&mí vdyfacgif;tm; vdrf;usHay;aomf

vdyfcgif; a<uus\ .../ (pm?231)

67/ Ek d Ya&mifjcif;ESif h eEGif;rIef Y ...

y'kdif;½Guf? eEGif;7GufwkdYukd Budwfí EkdYü vdrf;ay;cJhaomf EkdYa&mifjcif;? ukdufcJjcif; aysmuf\ .../ (pm?231)

68/ acsmif;qkd;a&m*gESif h eEGif; ...

rwfyJESifh eEGif;ukda&mí aq;vdyfü xnfhaomufaomf aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 321)

69/ tom;0gESif h eEGif; ...

eEGif;rIefY 12yJom;ukd? 'defcsOf 3usyfom;? 12yJom;ESifh a&mí eHeuftcg aomufcJhaomf tom;0g

(ukd,fa&0ga&m*g) aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 234)

('defcsOfvkyfenf; þrSwfpkpmtkyf\ pmrsufESm ( )wGif &Sdonf) .../

70/ qD;a&m*gESif h eEGif; ...

eEGif;rIeYfukd qD;jzLoD;owåK&nf? ysm;&nfwkdYESifh a&mí rSD0Jaomf ... tvHk;pHkaom qD;a&m*g aysmuf\/ wpfenf;

eEGif;rIefY 3yJom;ukd ysm;&nfESifh a&mí eHeuftcg aomufaomf qD;a&m*gtrsKd;rsKd; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 234)

71/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gESif h eEGif;rIef Y

124


eEGif;rIefYukd EGm;usifi,f7nfESifh a&maomufcJhaomf qifajcaxmufa&m*g? 0Jem? Elemaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?

234)

72/ jrif;cGm½Guf ...

(1) London Daily Express wGif vlwkdYtouf&Snfaq;awGUNyD .../ (pm? 253)

(2) jrif;cGmyifonf aoG;om;nDnGwfapaom tm;wkd;aq;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf .../ (pm? 254)

(3) "mwfaysmhaysmhoGm;í tiftm;wkd;apaom aq;wpfrsKd;jzpfonf .../ (pm? 254)

(4) jrif;cGm½Gufonf tpmukd aMuusufvG,faponf/ qD;? 0rf;? avwkdY aumif;aponf .../ (pm? 255)

73/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gESif h qD;jzLoD; ...

BudKUxkd;a&m*gjzpfvQif qD;jzLoD;rIefYESifh ydwfcsif;oD;rIefYukd ... ysm;&nfESifh a&mNyD; vsufcJhaomf BudKUxkd;a&m*g


74/ qD;atmifha&m*gESif h qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;owåK&nf 1usyfcGJom;ü zmvmi,frIefYjzL;í aomufcJhaomf qD;atmifha&m*g aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?

383)

75/ qD;vGefa&m*gESif h qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;owåK&nf? iSufaysmoD;rSnfh? ysm;&nfESifh oMum;wkdY pkaygif;NyD; vsufcJhaomf qD;vGefa&m*g aysmuf\

.../ (pm? 383)

76/ rD;,yfjzLESif h qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;taphukd a&ESifh Budwfí ppfNyD;vQif ysm;&nfESifh oMum; a&maomufcJhaomf ... rD;,yfjzLa&m*g


o Q o Q o

125


126


(19) ckepfaeYom;orD;rsm; xkdokd Y jzpfvQifþokd Yvkyfyg

okawoDjrif hxGef;

'kwd,tBudrf? 2003? Zefe0g&Dv/ wefzk d; 500usyf/ prf;oDwmpmay .../

1/ cg;emESif h awmifqD;jzL ...

awmifqD;jzL (ac:) ajroQdoQm; (ac:) ajruyfqD;jzL (ac:) ykwD;jzL yÍöig;yg;ukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif

BudKNyD;aomuf? ESpfcg oHk;cg aomuf½kHjzifh wpfESpfeD;yg;cHpm;cJh7wJh cg;ema&m*g[m &Sif;&Sif;aysmufoGm;w,f .../ (pm? 33)

2/ aoG;uifqmESif h BudwfrSef½Guf ...

BudwfrSef½GufowåK&nfu wpfydom/ xef;vsufu 25usyfom;? prkefrsKd;ig;yg; wpfyJom;? prkefeufu

wpfyJom;? tm;vHk;aygif;NyD;usKd? tpdwfom;usef&ifcs/ [if;cwfZGefeJY eHeufwpfZGef; aeYpOfrSefrSefaomufay; .../

wpfvMum&if ukovdkYr&bl;qkdwJh aoG;uifqm[mr&Sdawmhbl; .../ (pm? 35)

3/ wefaq; vGefab; ...

aysmufvdkaZmjzifh aq;tcsdeftqukdykdí toHk;rjyKtyfyg/ tu,fí tvGeftrif;pm;rdygvQif ...

(1) aoG;avrsm;vIyf&Sm;vmNyD; ukd,fa&jym;rsm; eDjref;vmwwfjcif;/

(2) ykd;&Grsm;udkufouJhokdY cHpm;&jcif;/

(3) tom;t&nfay:wGif tzktydefYrsm; jzpfwwfjcif;/

xkdokdYjzpfcJhvQif pm;aeus aq;tcsdeftqukd avQmhpm;oifhonf .../ 0rfElwfay;jcif;ukdvnf; jyKoifhonf .../ (pm? 37)

4/ n§if;aysmufaq; ...

(1) pm;qkd'g? oeyfcg; qwla&mvdrf; aysmuf\ .../

(2) BudwfrSef½Guf yÍöig;yg; owåK&nf vdrf;aysmuf\ .../

(3) vdar®mfcGH rD;uif? t&nfn§pfvdrf;? aysmuf\ ../

5/ BudKUxkd;a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) o&uf½Gufukd rD;tHk;NyD;rIdif;½SLay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../

(2) odkYr[kwf qD;jzLoD;ajcmuf? csif;ajcmuf qwltrIefYjyKvQufysm;&nfESifh a&mívsufay;vQif aysmufuif;\

.../

(3) odkYr[kwf i½kwfaumif;aphukd tyfzsm;wGifxkd;í za&mif;wkdifrD;wGifwifxm; ,if;rSxGufaomtckd;taiGUukd

½SLay;jcif;jzifh aysmufuif;\.../

(4) odkYr[kwf EG,fcsKd0g; t&nfrsKdcs tzwfaxG;xkwf rMumcPvkyfaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 45)

6/ qD;tdrfwGif;&S dausmufrsm;aMuuGJ&ef...

*sKHrIefYESifh ukvm;yJrIefYa&musKdí&aom t&nfukdaomufvQifaysmufuif;\/ (pm? 47)

7/ BudwfrSef½Guf,kdESif haysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ...

(u) BudwfrSef½Guf yÍöig;yg; EkyfEkyfpOfNyD;om; ... 25usyfom;

(c) xef;vsufoefYoefY ... 10usyfom;

(*) t&nfn§pfNyD; a&SmufoD;zwf ... 10usyfom;

(C) MuufoGefeD yg;yg;vSD;NyD;om; ... 10usyfom;

(i) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; ... 2yJom;pD

127


txufygwkdYukd ajrtkd;opfwGif qm;oifh½kHxnfhNyD; ,kdxkd;ouJhokdY jzpfvmatmif usKdcsufyg/

anmifap;usaomf tat;cHí ykvif;oefYoefYwGif avvHkpGmxm;NyD; tpm;ESifh a0;csdef eHeuf? aeYvnf? ntdyf&m0if

wpfaeY oHk;Budrf rSefrSefoHk;aqmifygvQif atmufyga&m*grsm; aysmufuif;onf .../

(1) Muufrsufoifha&m*g ... (pm? 48)

(2) ukd,fazmukd,fa&mifa&m*g ... (pm? 49)

(3) ukd,f0efysufa&m*g ... (pm? 52)

(4) acsmif;qkd;yef;ema&m*g ... (pm? 57)

(5) cHwGif;ysufa&m*g ... (pm? 59)

(6) ajcvufwkefema&m*g ... (pm? 62)

(7) ayG; ,m;ema&m*g ... (pm? 90)

(8) rD;,yftzktydefY? rD;,yfrsufpd? rD;,yfacgif;ukduf? rD;,yfxHkusifem ... (pm? 102)

(9) avem0rf;ukdufa&m*g ... (pm? 119)

(10)0rf;csKyfa&m*g ... (pm? 125)

(11) A&if*sDem ... (pm? 94)

(12)arxkefvGefa&m*g ... (pm? 109)

(13)tom;ta& jzLywfjzLa&mfa&m*g ... (pm? 144)

(14)tlusa&m*g ... (pm? 157)

8/ cg;emcg;udkufaysmufaq; ....

(1) eEGif;wuf ... 5rl;om; (8yJom;) (16yJ = 1usyfom;)

(2) rdóvi f ... 1usyfom;

(3) y½kwf ... 5rl;om; (8yJom;)

(4) i½kwfaumif; ... 7aph

xkdav;r,fukkd trIefYBudwf? qDjzifhvdrf;? aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 61)

9/ csdeJ YydefcsK H;a&m*gESif h c&rf;csOfoD; ...

c7rf;csOfoD;trSnfhukd t&nfn§pfí aeYpOfaomuf? aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 62)

10/ clemESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf...

wapmif;vufyyf (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ukdjzwfNyD; vufrSclemay:wGif pGwfxm;ay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?

64)

11/ iSufzsm;a&m*gESif h &Srf;aq;cg;BuD; ...

&Srf;aq;cg;BuD;trIefYukd ysm;&nfESifh awpm;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?65)

12/ qDcsK da&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) abmufoD; owåK&nf ukdaomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../

(2) o7uf7GuftEkuav;rsm;ukd tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKaomuf aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 67)

13/ qD;atmifh a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) *sKHaphwpfusyfcGJom;ukd nvHk;aygufa&rSmpdrf xkdpdrf&nfukd eHeufwGifaomuf aysmuf\ .../

(2) o&ufyGifhtajcmufvSef; trIefYjyK wpfaeYoHk;Budrfa&aEG;ESifhaomufaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 68)

128


14/ qD;csKyf? qD;atmifha&m*gESif h rJZvD½Guf ....

rJZvD½Guf (ayG;ukdif;rJZvDr[kwf) 10usyfom;cefYukd okH;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomufaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?

68)

15/ qD;tdrfydwfqkd Ya&m*gESif h rkefvmO ...

qD;rqif;EkdifbJ ydwfqkdYaecJhvQif rkefvmO owåK&nf aomufaysmuf\ .../ (pm?74)

16/ qifajcaxmufa&m*gaysmufaq; ...

EGm;usifi,f&nfwGif csif;ajcmufrIefY tenf;i,fxnfhí aeYpOf oHk;aqmifygvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 75)

17/ qHkqkd YemESif h oabFmoD; ...

oabFmoD; tpdrf;EkEk wpfvHk;ukd a&raq; tcGHrETmbJ ukefatmifpm;yg/ vnfacsmif;xJwGif&SdorQ t&dt&GJ

tusdtcRJ[lorQ csufcsif; xGuftHusNyD; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 74)

18/ anmif;usa&m*gESif h aMumifyef;½Guf ...

aMumifyef;½GufjyKwf&nfukd aomufvQif qD;&TifNyD; vQifjrefpGm aysmufuif;onf .../ (pm? 77)

19/ xdyfuyfemaysmufaq; ...

(1) oyGwfcg;oD;ukd t&nfn§pfí ESmacgif;xJxnfhvQif aysmufuif;\ .../

(2) odkYr[kwf EG,fcsKdjzLukd aoG;í ½SLay;vQifvnf; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 78)

20/ 'lvmjrif;o½kdufESif h oabFmoD; ...

oabFmoD;trSnfhukd rSefrSefpm;oHk;ygu aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 80)

21/ om;zGm;NyD;p rdcifrsm; ESvHk;tm;ay;aq; ...

om;zGm;NyD;p rdcifrsm;pNrdwftaphukda&aEG;azsmíaomufygvQif ESvHk;ukdvGefpGmtm;ay;\.../ (pm? 85)

22/ yef;emaysmufaq; ...

'efYovGefjrpfESifh csif; owåK&nfukd a&maomuf aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 87)

23/ yef;em&ifusyfaysmufaq; ...

r½kd;yif (ijzLBuD;) EkyfEkyfpOf;? qifwHk;rEG,f? jrefrmhqm;cg; xkdoHk;rsKd;ukd qwla&míxm;/ tkd;wpfvHk;wGif

oHk;r,fpkxnfh tzkH;jzifh aZmfrHNyD; rD;jyif;jyif;ü zkwf&rnf/ tkwfzkdxJwGif xnfhzkwf&rnf/ tkwfzkdusufí azmfaomtcg

tqkdygtkd;ukdzGifhí trIefYjyKí vsufay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 90)

24/ zGwfptkdemaysmufaq; ...

(1) xef;EkdYajcmufukd aq;vdyfvdyfaomuf aysmuf\ .../

(2) oyGwfcg;oD;tajcmufrS tcGHrIefYukd ESm0rS rIwfay;u aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 93)

25/ vnfacsmif;a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) o7uf½Guf? o&ufacgufwkdYukd usKdNyD;ikHay;ygvQif aysmufuif;\ .../

129


(2) wpfenf; o&uf½Gufukd rD;tkH;NyD; rdIfif;½SLay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../

(3) vnfacsmif;wGif; temaygufaomf eHeHaphukdpm;í t&nfukd rsKdcsvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 120)

26/ rD;,yfaoG;vGefa&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) qifwHk;rEG,fukdqefaq;&nfESifhaoG; vufzuf&nfMurf; yef;uefwpfvHk; wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomuf

aysmuf\ .../

(2) wpfenf; q,fhESpf&moDyGifh oHk;yGifhukd xef;vsufoHk;vHk;ESifh BudwfNyD; (bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm) tm;

&nfpl;um pm;ygvQif aysmuf\ .../

(3) jrif;cGm½Gufwpfusyfom;? oMum;ESpfusyfom; a&wpfq,fhig;usyfom;wkdYukd wpf0ufcef;atmifusKd

,if;ukd ESpfcGufpm jyKvkyfNyD; reufwpfcGuf nwpfcGufaomufygvQif rD;,yfaoG;qif;jcif; wjznf;jznf;

&yfoGm;ygrnf .../ (pm? 98)

27/ jrif;zkemESif h oabFm½Guf ...

oabFm7Guftpdrf;ukd BudwfítkHay;yg aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 108)

28/ jrpfajcmufem(tqkwfem) ESif h uif;yk Hyif ...

uif;yHkyif yÍöig;yg;jyKwfaomuf aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 108)

29/ vnfyif;BuD;a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) w½kwfpum; oufBuD;yifrsm;wGif wpfcgwpf&H awGU&wwfaom w½kwfpum;oD;ukdaoG;vdrf;jcif;?

aoG;íaomufjcif; jyKvkyfygu aysmufuif;\ .../

(2) wpfenf; aq;tkd;ykwfyifukd aoG;vdrf;? aoG;aomufvQifvnf;aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 120)

(tyGifhu tkd;ykwfESifhwlaomaMumihf aq;tkd;ykwfyif[k ac:onf .../)

30/ vnfyif;uifqmaysmufaq; ...

aq;tkd;ykwfyifukd aoG;vdrf;? aoG;aomufaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 120)

31/ vQmema&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) vQmay:wGif tjzLa&mif t&dt&GJrsm; zkH;tkyfvQuf cHwGif;ysufcJhaomf c&rf;csOfoD;t&nfwGif

oaE¨mtenf;i,f xnfhaomufyg aysmufuif;\ .../

(2) uif;yHk½Gufukd 0g;NyD; axG;xkwfygvQif aysmufuif;\ .../

(3) vQmay:wGif temaygufcJhaomf o&ufacgufukdjyKwfNyD; yvkyfusif;ay;jcif;? ikHay;jcif;rsm;jyKvkyfvQif


32/ 0rf;csKyfa&m*gESif h qD;jzLoD; ...

qD;jzLoD;rsm;ukd a&wGif 12em&DcefY pdrfxm;NyD; a&ukdoGefypfyg/ xkdYaemuf a&oifh½kHxnfhí jyKwfyg/

xkdjyKwfxm;aom qD;jzLoD; tom;ukd oMum;oHk;qjzifh ,dkxkd;pm;aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 125)

33/ 0rf;a&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) qD;yi f(ZD;yif) \ jrpfacgufjyKwf&nfukd aomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 121)

130


(2) r&yfrem;? 'va[m 0rf;avQmaeaoma&m*gjzpfvQif rIIefYn§ufaeatmif axmif;xm;aom qDjzLoD;ukd

csufwkdifywfvnfwGif v,fuefoif;uJhokdY tcGufvkyfí 0kdif;xm;yg/ 0kdif;xm;aomcGufxJokdY csif; (*sif;)

owåK&nf xnfhxm;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../

(3) t&dt&GJ? ovdyfp? aoG;prsm; a&mNyD;oGm;aom0rf;a&m*gjzpfvQif refusnf;oD;taph &ifh&ifhrsm;ukd

a&G;cs,fNyD;aemuf ¤if;tcGHukdtrIefYjyKvkyfum ¤if;trIefY 3usyfom;? ZD&m 6yJom;? oMum;cJ 6yJom;?

xkd(3)rsKd;ukdtrIefYjyKí wpfcgaomuf 4yJom; oHk;em&D wpfBudrfus aomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?

122)

(4) r&yfrem; 0rf;oGm;aeaomf o&uf½GufEkuav;rsm;ukd tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKaomufvQif aysmufuif;\

.../

(5) yef;oD;tpdrf;ukd tcGHrcGmbJ pm;vQifaysmuf\ .../

(6) o&ufaphtwGif;u tqefukd jyKwfíaomfvnf;aumif;? tajcmufvSef; trIefYjyKíaomfvnf;aumif;

vufzuf&nfwpfZGef; wpfaeY oHk;BudrfrS av;Budrf aomufvQif aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 123)

(7) xrif;Murf;jzpfap xrif;yljzpfap vufoHk;qkyfukd rD;&J&JwGif uGrf; (odkY) iSufaysm½Gufjzifhxkwf? rD;zkwf/

xkdxrif;qkyfrD;zkwfukd a&oefYoefYwGif pdrfxm;um aomufygvQif aysmufuif;\/

(8) refusnf;aphtqefukd aoG;aomufvQifvnf; 0rf;oGm;jcif;ESifh0rf;ukdufjcif;rsm; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm?

124)

34/ 0rf;rD;Ek H Yaysmufaq; ...

csif;ajcmufukd trIefYjyK xef;vsufjzifh oifhwifhatmifa&maESmNyD; aeYpOfpm;oHk;vQif 0rf;rD;aumif\.../(pm? 127)

35/ 0rf;ykyfcs 0rf;Ekwfaq; ...

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyf 15usyfom;

(2) refusnf;rSnfh (taphxkwfNyD;om;) 15usyfom;

(3) xef;vsuf 15usyfom;

a&mNyD; awpm;ygvQif 0rf;ykyfrsm;us\ .../ ( pm? 127)

36/ onf;ajcysufa&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) o&ufoD;trSnfh tom;ukdjym;NyD; aewGifvSef;um jyKvkyfxm;aom o&ufysOfukd pm;oHk;ygvsif

aysmufuif;\ .../

(2) qD;oD;taph twGif;&Sd tqefukd trIefYaxmif;pm;vQifaysmufuif;\ .../

(3) yJaemufESifh EG,fcsLdwkdYukd a&mjyKwfvQif aomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 130)

37/ 0rf;trnf;oGm;aysmufaq; ...

tpmtdrfrSaoG;wpdrfhpdrf,dkNyD; 0rf;trnf;rsm;oGm;cJhaomf o&ufacgufukd a&aEG;wGifpdrfíaomufay;oifhonf/

awmf½kHaoG;,dkjcif;rsKd;jzpfygvQif aysmufuif;Ekdif\/ (pm?127)

38/ oHpl;emaysmufaq; ...

(1) oHyk&m½Guf owåK&nfukd oHpl;onfhtemxJokdY n§pfxnfhay;vQif oHqdyfrwufbJ aysmuf\/

(2) wpfenf; qm;ESifh csif;ukdBudwfí tkHay;aomf oHtqdyf&SdorQ csif;xJokdYpdrfh0ifus qif;NyD;vmygvdrfhrnf/

wpfaeYESpfBudrf csif;ukdvJNyD; tHkay;yg aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 132)

131


39/ om;jrwfukdufaysmufaq; ...

EkdYacsmif;ydwfíjzpfap tjcm;taMumif;aMumifhjzpfap raeEkdifatmif ukdufcJaomf eEGif;ukd aomufay;vQif


40/ om;tdrfacgif;uRHaysmufaq; ...

om;tdrfacgif;uRHNyD; a,medtjyifokdY xGufaeaomf o&ufacgufukd jyKwfNyD; zef&nfaq;ay;jcif;?

aq;pdrfay;jcif; (o&ufacgufjyKwf&nfpdrfjcif;) rsm;jyKvkyfay;vQifaysmuf\ .../ (pm? 137)

41/ rD;,yfaoG;qHk;aysmufaq; ...

1/ Muufcwf0g;tjrpf ... 1ydom

2/ prkefrskkdK;ig;yg; ... wpfzwfpdDxnfh

3/ a& ... 3ydomESihf a&musKd .../

a& 1ydom usefvQif ykvif;xJ xnfhxm;?? ysm;&nfESifh aumif;½kHpyfí aomufygvQif aoG;qkH;rD;,yfaumif;\

.../ (pm? 138)

42/ aoG;avn§daq; ...

jrefrmqm;cg;? &Sdef;ckd? rkwfcg; oHk;rsKd;ukd nDwlrQí pm;/ anmif;nmuif;pif? av0rf;&TifrSef? aeYpOfyGm;onf/

ÓmPfjzifh,SOf pm;oHk;oifh\ .../ (pm? 139)

43/ om;tdrfuifqmaysmufaq; ...

1/ uifyGef½Guf ... 5usyfom;

2/oMum; ... 15usyfom;

3/ Z0ufom ... 5rl;om; (8yJom;)

4/ odaEm ... 1usyfom;

¤if;wkdYukd a&maESmNyD; tqDusatmif BudKyg/ xkdYaemuf aumfzDZGef;av;jzifh eHeuf? n aomufay;vQif


44/ om;zGm;vG,faq; ...

oabFmoD;tpdrf;ukd rMumrMumpm;xm;jcif;tm;jzifh wu,fom;zGm;aomtcg arG;zGm;&vG,ful\ .../ (pm?

140)

45/ tpmtdrfuifqmESif h aq;tkd;ykwfyif ...

(1) aq;tdk;ykwfyif aoG;vdrf; aoG;aomufay;vQif aysmuf\.../

(2) wpfenf; aq;tkd;ykwfyif aoG;xm;aomt&nfESifh jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf a&míaomufygvQif


46/ tqpftjrpfa&mifaysmufaq; ...

csif;ajcmufESifh qifwkH;rEG,fukd a&mí a&jzifh av;cGufwpfcGufwif uskKdí aomufay;vQif aysmufuif;\ .../

(pm? 147)

132


47/ tqpftjrpfukdufa&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) csif;pdrf;owåK&nf 25usyfom;ESifh ESrf;qD 12usyfcGJom; (t0ufom;) wkdYukd a&mpyfíusKd? t&nfukefí

tqD oufoufusefygvQif rD;zkday:rScs? a&mifaom ukdufaomae&m vdrf;ay;ygu aysmufuif;\ .../

(2) wpfenf; cHwuf½GufukdBudwf a&ESifhazsmf usKdcsuf/ xkdt&nfjzifh ukdufcJemusif&mü vdrf;aysmufuif;\ .../

(pm? 148)

48/ tazmta&mifa&m*gESif h plvmezm ...

(1) pllvmezm½GufowåK&nfukd aomufvQifaysmuf\ .../

(2) wpfenf; ueazmh½GufjyKwfNyD; a&csKd;ay;/ ueazmh½Gufokyfpm; aysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 148)

49/ tom;0ga&m*gaysmufaq; ....

(1) wpfukd,fvHk;0gí tpmpm;r0ifygvQif jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nfukd EGm;EdkYppfppfESifh a&maomuf ay;vQif

aysmufuif;\ .../

(2) okdYr[kwf c0JoD;ajcmufukdtrIefYaxmif;í ½SLay;vQif aysmufuif;\.../

(3) okdYr[kwf csif;pdrf; 3usyfom;? Bwdzv 3usyfom; a&míBudwfe,fNyD;pm; vQifaysmufuif;\.../

(Bwdzv = opfpdrfhoD;? MupkoD;? qD;jzLoD;) .../

50/ tlusa&m*gaysmufaq; ....

(1) MuufoGefeD wpfOukd yg;yg;vSD;NyD;? oMum;wpfZGef;jzifh a&toifhtwifhxnfhNyD; pdrfxm;yg/ wpfnpdrfNyD;rS

aomufvQif aysmufuif;\ .../

(2) EGm;EkdYukd usKdcsufí u&ifqkd'gESifh aomufvQifaysmufuif;\.../(pm? 157)

51/ &om,etouf&Snfaq;ESif ho&ufoD;pdrf;tcGH ...

(1) o&ufoD;pdrf;tcGHukd tajcmufvSef;trIefYjyKNyD; ysm;&nfESifh rSefrSefoHk;aqmifygvQif touf&Snf

tm;aq;wpfyg;jzpf\ .../ (pm? 154)

(2) EGm;EkdY 1usyfcGJom;? a& 6usyfom;? jrif;cGm½GufowåK&nf oifhovkdxnfhcsuf/ a&cef;NyD; EGm;EkdYusefrS ppf,l

oMum;ESifh a&maomuf/ taumif;qkH; touf&Snfaq; jzpf\ .../ (pm? 155)

(3) BudwfrSef½Guf 1ydomukd qm;ESifha&m nufatmifBudwfNyD; ysm;&nfESifh pdrfí eHeuf n aeYpOfrSD0JvQif

jzLaomqHyifjyefNyD; touf&Snfum temuif;aom &om,ejzpfonf .../ (pm? 155)

52/ tonf;BuD;a&m*gESif h oabFmoD; ...

(1) oabFmoD;tpdrf;ukd qm;&nfpdrfí tajcmufvSef;/ ,if;ukdpm;vQifaysmuf\ .../

(2) wpfenf; oabFmoD;trSnfhukd tajcmufvSef; ajcmufu qm;jzifha&mpm; aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 157)

53/ tjrHKaysmufaq;ESif h rkefnif;aph ...

rkefnif;aphukd nufnufBudwfí *Grf;vdyfi,fwGif pkdpGwfatmif okwfvdrf;NyD;vQif OwkvmNyD;csdefrSpí

xkd*Grf;awmifhukd a,medtwGif;ü oHk;&ufjynfhatmifxnfhxm;/ om;orD;rsm;&vmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 159)

54/ tom;yufaysmufaq; ...

vdar®mfcGHukdrD;uifNyD; t&nfn§pf vdrf;ay;vQifaysmufuif; .../ (pm? 159)

133


55/ OD;aESmufemusifukdufcJa&m*gESif h csif;ajcmuf ...

csif;ajcmufukd qdwfEkdYESifh aoG;NyD;&SL aysmufuif;\ .../ ( pm? 164)

56/ OD;aESmuftm;enf;a&m*gESif h yef;oD;,kk d ...

OD;aESmufESifh ESvHk;tm;enf;aomf yef;oD;trSnfhukd ,kdxkd;pm;vQif OD;aESmuftm;aumif;NyD; ESvHk;

tm;&SdvmEkdifonf .../ (pm? 164)

57/ tarma&m*gaysmufaq; ...

jrif;cGm½GufESifh ydwfcsif;oD;ukd tnDtrQBudwfí aeYpOf? eHeuf? nae 2Budrf wpfcgaomuf 4yJom;rQ

aomufay;ygvQif oufvHkaumif;í tarma&m*gaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 161)

o Q o Q o

134


(20) trsK d;orD;a&m*godaumif;p&mESif humuG,fukoenf;rsm;

q&mjrif h (pMumrif;)

yxrtBudrf? 2005? azaz:0g&Dv/ wefzk d; 900usyf/ &efatmifpmay .../

1/ rD;,yfa&m*gtrsK d;rsK d;ESif h aoG;qHk;a&m*gtwGuf....

aq;0g;awGeJY umuG,fcsifw,fqkd&if rD;,yfa&m*g trsKd;rsKd; twGufyJjzpfjzpf aoG;qHk;a&m*g jzpfrSm

pkd;vdkdYyJjzpfjzpf azmfpyf pm;oifhwJh aq;uawmh

rD;,yfaoG;oefYcsufaq;BuD; ...

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf ... 25usyfom;

(2) refusnf;rSnfhtESpf ... 25usyfom;

(3) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; ... 3usyfom;

(4) av;nif; ... 1usyfom;

(5) ZmoD; ... 1usyfom;

(6) xef;vsuf ... 30usyfom;

pwJh aq;ypönf;awGukd ajrtkd;eJY usKdcsufyg/ vufaumfpm;vkdY&&if rD;ay:rScs? tat;cH? avvHkzefbl;ESifhxnfh/

ntdyf&m0if waeY wpfBudrf [if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef; pm;NyD; a&at;aomufay;&if rD;,yfa&m*gtrsKd;rsKd;eJY

aoG;qHk;a&m*gukd BudKwifumuG,f wm;qD;EkdifwJh aq;BuD;jzpfygw,f .../ (pm? 115)

2/ om;tdrfusaysmufaq; ...

1. vufcsm;rD;azguf ... 1usyfom;

2. ausmufcsOfrD;azguf ... 5usyfom;

vufcsm; 1usyfom;? ausmufcsOf 5usyfom;ukd pwD;yef;uefjym;rSm xnfhNyD; rD;zdkay:wif tylay;yg/ ylvm&if

qlxvmNyD; jzLazG;vmygvdrfhr,f/ tukefvkH; aysmfoGm;&if rD;zkday:rScsyg/ at;&if tomav;cGm,lNyD; trIefYjyK

ydwfpdrf;yg;eJYcsNyD; avvHkzefykvif;xJ xnfhxm;yg/ 'Daq;rIefY[m om;tdrfusjcif;? rD;,yfjzLqif;jcif;? ,m;,Hjcif;?

om;tdrfroefY&Sif;jcif;? ykd;0ifjcif; pwJha&m*gawG aysmufuif;atmif toHk;jyKEkdifygw,f .../

toHk;jyKykHuawmh aq;ESpfa&G;om;avmufukd a&oefYoefY tenf;i,feJY yspfyspfazsmfNyD; om;tdrfacgif;

a&mufatmif xnfhay;ygu wpfywftwGif; oufomapygw,f .../ (pm? 141)

3/ wif;wdyf? 0ufjcH? rS J YajcmufESif h tom;vSoeyfcg; ...

(1) oeyfcg;ppfppftrIefY (okdY) aoG;NyD;om; ... 10usyfom;

(2) refusnf;acguftrIefY (okdY) aoG;NyD;om; ... 3usyfom;

(3) ausmufaq;'ef;trIefY ... 1usyfom;

(4) eHYomjzLtrIefY (okdY) aoG;NyD;om; ... 1usyfom;

(5) oHyk&m&nf ... oifYpGm

wpfrS av;txd pkaqmif;NyD; oHyk&m&nfESifh e,fyg/ awyg/ tm;vHk;oroGm;vQif twHk;tcJjyKvkyfí

aevSef;yg/ wif;wdyf? 0ufjcH? rSJYajcmufESifh aeavmif'Pfrsm;? rD;,yfuGufrsm;udk aoG;vdrf;ygu oufomaysmufuif;NyD;

tom;ta& Ekacsmí Munfvifvmygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 175)

135


4/ tysK dttkd tvScsufaq; ...

rD;,yfa&m*g&Sdolrsm; Akdufacgufxlí AkdkufBuD;ylaeolrsm; atmufyg tysKdttkd tvScsufaq;ukd oHk;pGJvQif ykdí

aumif;rGefygonf .../

(1) &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf ... 25 usyfom;


(3) ZmoD; ... 1 usyfom;

(4) av;nif; ... 1 usyfom;

(5) bkr®&mZm ... 1 usyfom;

(6) prkefrsKd;ig;yg; ... 3 usyfom;

(7) refusnf;ESpf ... 10 usyfom;

rwl; rjcpfatmif csufyg/ vufaumf&vQif csyg/ ntdyf&m0if aumfzDZGef;wpfZGef; rSD0Jí a&at;

t0aomufay;vQif trsKd;orD;a&m*gtrsdK;rsKd;rS uif;a0;NyD; tom;ta& EkysKdacsmarGU Munfvifpkdjynf vmapygonf .../

(pm? 175)

o Q o Q o

136


(21) rpm;wwfvQifab;jzpfonfESif htrsK d;orD;rsm;vufpG J

aroBuFef (ynma&;)

yxrtBudrf? 2003? Ed k0ifbmv/ wefzk d; 120usyf/ 0g0gpmay .../

1/ tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm a&m*geJ Yaq;? wnfhatmifay; ...

(1) vefYwwfolukd ZD;,kkdauR; ...

(2) qD;atmifholukd jrif;cGm½Guf[if;cg;wkduf ...

(3) &ifbufatmifholukd a&SmufoD;okwfauR; ...

(4) tanmif;vGefolukd oHyk&moD;rD;zkwfauR; ...

(5) tdyfraysmfolukd r,fZvDzl; rD;zkwfauR;? i½kwfESifh MuufoGefjzL + eDauR; ...

(6) acsmif;qkd;vGef;vQif &J,kdoD;rSnfhESifh ysm;&nfa&mauW; ...

(7) 'lvmvdyfacgif;jzpfvQif ouf&if;BuD;jrpfESifh oHyk&m7nf a&mwkduf ...

(8) n§if;aygufaomf rkwfcg;vdrf; ....

(9) &ifwkefí armvQif a&Smuf&nfESifh xef;vsuf a&mwkduf ...

(10) acsmif;ajcmufqdk;vQif EG,fcsKd? oHyk&mjrpf? qm; qwlaxmif;í auR; ...

(11) yef;emxvQif rqvmESifh ysm;&nfqwla&mwkduf .../ (pm? 40)

o Q o Q o

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138


(22) aq;ukd&Sm tpmrSmawGU

0PÖrmvm B.A (History) yxrtBudrf? 2005? atmufwkdbmv/ wefzk d; 500usyf/ ynmtdrfpmay .../

1/ jrif;cGm½Guf ...

jrif;cGm½Gufukd ta&SUwkdif;omru wpfurÇmvHk;touf&Snfaq;tjzpfokH;pGJvmMuygw,f/ xkdYjyift[m&

tjzpfvnf;oHk;pGJ vmMuygw,f/ xkdYjyif aq;NrD;wkdtjzpfvnf;oHk;pGJvmMuygw,f/ tusKd;tmedoifrSm tpmaMuonf/

tm;opfukd jzpfaponf/ EIwfNrdefaponf/ toHaumif;aponf .../

aoG;aMumifhjzpfaoma&m*g? tqkwf>yefa&mifa&m*g? tzsm;a&m*g? onf;ajcysufa&m*g? tzsOf;BuD;a&m*g?

a&iwfa&m*g? yef;ema&m*g? qHyifjzL qHyifuRwfa&m*g? rsufpdem rsufpdrIefa&m*g? rD;,yfaoG;oGefa&m*g?

av0rf;csKyfa&m*g? tdyfraysmfa&m*g? avusyf avcsKyfa&m*g? o7uf½Gufa&mifa&m*g tom;0ga&m*g? tom;ta&npf

aoG;roefY? jynfrxGuf? tm½kHaMuma&m*g? 7ihfa&mfjcif;a&m*g? tarmvGefa&m*g ponfrsm; oufom aysmufuif;


2/ uefpGef;½k d;eD ...

uefpGef;½kd;eDukdvnf; tm[m&tjzpfvnf;aumif; usef;rma&;aq;zuf0if [if;wpfr,ftjzpfvnf;aumif;

oHk;pGJMuygw,f/

tusKd;tmedoifrSm aoG;uif;? avuif;a&m*g tykyftuif;ESifh tzsm;uif;a&m*g refusnf;rSnfhESifh csufí

pdwfa&m*gjzpfoltwGuf aq;tjzpfvnf;aumif; onf;ajcESifh,SOfaom a&m*gtemrsm;ukdvnf; aumif;Ekdifojzifh

aq;zuf0if [if;pm;yif wpfrsKd;jzpfygonf/

,if;wGif ADwmrifat? ADwmrifbD1? ADwmrifbD2? ADwmrifpD? oH"mwf? xHk;"mwf? y½kdwif;"mwf?

umbdk[kduf'½kdwf? Ekdif,mpif? u,fvkd&D (upD) tp&Sdonfh tm[m&"mwf awmfawmfrsm;rsm;yg0ifw,f .../ (pm? 80)

3/ aeYpOfxrif;yG JrSm pm;oifhaom[if;tr,f ...

aeYpOfxrif;yGJrSm jrif;cGm½GufeJY uefpGef;½kd;eDukd [if;tr,ftjzpf pm;oHk;oifhygw,f/ wpfywfvQif 3 4 BudrfcefY

xnfhpm;oifhygw,f .../ (pm? 80)

o Q o Q o

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140


(23) qD;csK dqkdaomxkda&m*g

rauG;0if;jrif h

'kwd,tBudrf? 2002? wefzk d; 500usyf/ qkjrwfpmay.../

1/ qD;csK da&m*gESif h oajyacguf ...

oajyacgufukd oHk;cGufwpfcGufwif usKdaomuf qD;csKdqkdawmha&iwfw,f a&iwfwkdif; tJ'gukdaomufwmyJwJh

oajy[mzefwJh t&om&Sdawmh omrnqD;csKdukdaysmufygw,f 0rf;rD;vGefwJh qD;csKdayghAsm 'gayr,fh qD;csKdomru

aoG;wkd;eJU avief;a&m*g&Sdolukdawmh oajyacgufeJY rwnfhbl;As .../ (pm? 95)

o Q o Q o

(24) aoG;wkd;? avjzwf? OD;aESmufaMumjywf&jcif;taMumif;&if;

rauG;0if;jrif h

wwd,tBudrf? 2004 atmufwkdbmv/ wefzk d; 500usyf/ qkjrwfpmay .../

1/ 0aomol aoG;wdk;twGuf ...

0aomol aoG;wkd;aepOf 0rf;ouf avoufap&ef t"duxm;NyD; uk&ygonf/ aq;pm;zkdYuawmh eEGif;rIefY

ESifhysm;&nf awNyD; wpfaeY (2)Budrf uGrf;oD;wpfjcrf;cefY pm;yg/ 'efYovGef½Guf[if;csKdaomufyg .../ (pm? 27)

2/ ydefaomol aoG;wkd; twGuf ...

oHyk&m&nfaomufyg/ a&aEG;ESifh aomuf&efjzpfygonf .../ (pm? 28)

3/ aoG;wkd;ESif h eEGif;cg; wnfhol^rwnfhol ...

eEGif;cg;[m 0NyD;aoG;wkd;jzpfoleJYom wnfhwm? ydefNyD;aoG;wkd;jzpfolukdawmh eEGif;cg;aq; ray;&ygbl; .../ (pm?

34)

4/ aoG;wkd;ESif hoHyk&maph ...

oHyk&maphukd 0g;pm;vQif cg;oufouft&om? zefcsOft&om? yl&Sdef;&Sdef; pyf&Sm;&Sm;t&om awGU&\/

oHyk&maphukd 3? 4 aph 0g;pm;vQif csufcsif;aoG;us\ .../ (pm? 48)

5/ tzsm;av;rskK d; (a&cJtkyfoifh? rtkyfoifh) ...

zsm;wmu (4)rsKd; &Sdw,f/ aoG;zsm;? avzsm;? onf;ajczsm;? ovdyfzsm;/ onf;ajczsm;qkd&if a&cJtkkyf/

thHMoavmufatmif aysmufw,f/ tJ ovdyfzsm; oGm;tkyfrd&ifawmh usyfqkdYNyD; aoNyDomrSwf .../ (pm? 43)

6/ aoG;wkd;aysmufaq; ...

qifwHk;rEG,f? tkef;ESJjrpf? ikESpf (ikoD;xJJu tESpf) qwla&marT/ Oyrm qifwHk;rEG,f 1usyfom;? tkef;ESJjrpf

1usyfom;? ikESpf 1usyfom;? pkpkaygif; 3usyfom;qdk&if eEGif;rIefYppfppfu oHk;q 9usyfom;a7m .../

tJ'gukd ysm;&nfESifh aw? ntdyf&m0if vufzufpm;ZGef; wpfZGef; rSefrSefaomuf&if aoG;wkd;a&m*gqkdwm

&Sif;&Sif;aysmufw,f/ a&csKd;&rSm aMumufolawG csKd;csifpdwf ay:vmr,f/ ZufaMumwufwmavmufawmh taysmhaygh .../

aq;aumif;vGef;awmh a&m*gBuD;avav aq;pGrf;xufavav .../ (pm? 45)

141


7/ aoG;wkd;ESif h rSefuefaom owd&S drI ...

rSefuefaom owd&SdrItwGuf touf&SLrI (tmemygeowd) ukd vlBudKuftrsm;qkHk; jzpf\/ touf½SLjcif;onf

aoG;pifMu,frIukd wkduf½dkuftusKd;jyK\/ touf½SLjcif;onf ESvHk;wm0efESifh oufqkdif\/ ESvHk;wm0efausyGefaomtcg

aoG;tm; wkd;wufaumif;rGef\/ þenf;jzifh wkd;wufaomusef;rmrIukd rvGJwrf;&Ekdif\/

xkdYaMumifh touf½SLjcif;ukdodrI ]]owd}} onf touf½SLjcif;ESifh ywfoufaom csKdU,Gif;csufrsm;ukd

jyifay;Ekdif\/ touf½SLjcif; wkd;wufaumif;rGefvmaomtcg ykdíaumif;rGefaom aexkdifrIukd &&Sdavonf .../ (pm? 52)

8/ aoG;wkd;? avief;eJ Y vHk;0rwnfh ...

oHyk&m&nfonf tcdk;yGifhaponfrSm rSefygonf/ oufomoa,mifjy\/ NyD;awmhrS'ku©ay;onf/ oHyk&m&nf

onf tat;"mwfjzpfygonf/ at;ízGJUpnf;jcif;aMumifh avief;jzpfol at;aom oHyk&m&nfESifh vHk;0rwnfhyg .../ (pm?

79)

0aomyk*¾Kdvf aoG;wkd;a&m*g&SdvQif oHyk&m&nfukd aomufMujyefonf/ roifhyg/ 0aomaoG;wkd;jzpfaeolukd

oHyk&m&nfwkdufjcif;onf ao&GmokdY jrefjrefykdYjcif;ESifh wlygonf/ oHyk&monf 0aomaoG;wkd;a&m*g&Sifrsm;ESifh

avief;a&m*g&Sifrsm;\ rdwfaqGr[kwfyg .../

rdwfaqGa,mifaqmifaom &efoljzpfygonf .../ (pm? 80)

ydefaomolaoG;wkd;jzpfvQifvnf; at;aomoHyk&m&nf raomuf&yg/ oHyk&m&nfukd a&aEG;ESifh aomuf&rnf

jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 28)

o Q o Q o

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(25) vlxJuaq;ynm

rauG;0if;jrif h

'kwd,tBudrf? 2001? 'DZifbmv/ wefzk d; 500usyf/ tm;rmefopfpmay .../

1/ pdwfaMumif h ...

a&aMumifh &THU EGHjzpf\ .../

xkd &THU EGHukd a&jzifhom aq;aMum&m\ ...

pdwfaMumifh a&m*g&\ .../

xkda&m*gukd pdwfjzifhomuko&m\ .../ ("r®y') (pm? 31)

2/ wif;wdyfaysmufaq; ...

(1) odaE¨mcJukdBudwfí pGJpGJNrJNrJ (ZGJ&Sd&Sd) vdrf; .../ (pm? 42)

(2) wpfenf; refusnf;trSJY a&eJYazsmf? ryspfrusJav; pGJpGJNrJNrJvdrf; .../ (pm? 45)

(3) wpfenf; qm;cg; (jrefrmqm;cg;) ukd a&eJYazsmf pGJpGJNrJNrJ vdrf;aysmuf\ .../ (pm? 47)

3/ vdifOa&mifaysmufaq; ...

wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf (8) aoG;'lvmaq; (oHk;yHkcGJaq;) vufzufpm;ZGef;av;eJY wpfZGef; a&SmufoD;wpfjcrf;&JU

t&nfxJh tJ'gaomuf .../ (pm? 59)

4/ ysm;&nfppf^ rppfcG J jcm;enf; ...

(1) ysm;&nfxJodkY vufESpfNyD;aemuf a&aq;vdkufyg/ uyfap;raebJ ajymifacsmoGm;vQif ysm;&nfppf\/

(]]ysm;pm;vufaq;}} [kyif pum;yHk&Sdonf) .../

(2) a<uyef;uefwpfvHk;xJ a&xnfhNyD; ysm;&nfukd tpufcsMunfhyg/ ysm;&nfppfvQif yHkYykYHuav; &Sdaernf/

ysm;&nfrppfvQif a&ESifh a&maxG;oGm;rnf .../ (pm? 65)

5/ pwkr"l ...

]]pwk}} onfav; ]]r"l}} onf tcsKdtqdrfh (4)ckaygif;pyfxm;onfukd ]]pwkr"l}}[k ac:onf .../ tcsKdtqdrfh

(4)ckrSm ysm;&nf? axmywf? oum (wifvJ)? ESrf;qDwkdYjzpf\/xkdav;rsKd;ukd tcsKd;usaygif;pyfNyD; aejzifhcsuf okdYr[kwf

rD;at;at;jzifh csuf? ykvif;xJwGif vHkpGmxm;í oHk;aqmifyg .../ (pm? 66)

6/ xHkem? usifemESif h tqkwfemaysmufaq; ...

a&SmufoD;wpfvHk;ukd qefyHk;&nfESifh a&cef;jyKwf? tajcmufvSef; trIefYaxmif;? qm; 3usyfom;avSmf

trIefYaxmif;? ayG;ukdif;½Guf 5usyfom;ukd trIefYaxmif; .../

¤if;oHHk;rsKd;a&m? ntdyf&m0if refusnf;aph 2aphcefYpm;/ xHkemusOfemomru jrpfajcmufem (tqkwfem)

ygaysmufuif;\ .../ (pm? 94)

7/ tom;0ga&m*g aysmufaq; ...

rufvifcsOf 10usyfom; a&xnfhum yGufyGufqlatmifjyKwf? xef;vsuf 10usyfom; a&xnfhum

tjcm;tkd;wpfvHk;ESifh yGwfyGwfqlatmifjyKwf ESpfrsKd;vHk;tat;cH csKdcsOfuav;pyfNyD; yxr a<uZGef;BuD; wpfZGef;cefY

wkduf&\/ 15rdepfMumawmh 2ZGef;? em&D0ufcefYMumawmh 4ZGef;? onfvkdESifh wpfpwpfp wkdufvm&m

aemufwpfaeYreufrSm a&m*g&Sif\ rsufESmMunfvifvmonf/ oHk;&ufcefY tMumrSm xlxlaxmifaxmifjzpfNyD;

7&ufajrmufaomf tom;0grSm ,lypfvdkufovkdaysmufuif;oGm;\ .../ (pm? 102)

143


8/ qD;yljcif;ESif h ausmufz½k H ...

ausmufz½kHoD;wpfvHk;ukd xdyf0"m;eJYjzwf? twGif;utpmawGxkwfypf? NyD;awmhtJ'DtxJukd xef;&nftcsKdxnfh?

xef;&nfr&Ekdif&if xef;vsuf 4 5 6vHk;avmuf xkaxmif;NyD;xnfh/ NyD;awmh xdyf0ukd jyefydwfxm;vdkuf

(xef;&nfxnfhxm;&if) oHk;em&DavmufMumawmh a&qm&if a&aomufovdkyJaomuf/ (xef;vsufxnfhxm;&if)

av;ig;em&DavmufMumawmh xef;vsufaum ausmufz½kHoD; twGif;om;yg ZGef;eJYaumfpm;/ w0wNyJBuD;

pm;p&mrvkdygbl; wef½kHoihf½kHaygh .../

wpfcsdKUvnf; tjrpfjywfatmif(3)vHk;avmuftxdukefatmif pm;Muw,f/ tJ'Denf;twkdif; vkyfvdkufawmh

tESpf (20)avmufpGJvmwJh qD;yla&m*g&Sif;&Sif;aysmufa&m .../ (pm? 133)

9/ qD;eD? qD;enf;? qD;yl? qD;aoG;ygaysmufaq; ...

i½kwfaumif; (7)aph xefvsufBuD;&if (2)vHk; ao;&if (3)vHk; a&vufzuf&nf tcsKdyef;uef (2)vHk;xnfhuskKd

tMurf;yef;uef wpf0ufomomukd vlemtm;wkduf/ cyfylylav;wkduf aysmufw,f .../ (pm? 156)

10/ tonfa&mif? tom;0gESif h ukef;xdu½kH; ...

ukefxdu½kef;vufwpfqkyfukd a&tcsKdyef;uefoHk;vHk;avmufwGif 2vHk;usefatmifusKd/ oMum;a<uZGef;BuD;eJY

2ZGef;wdwdxnfh 3em&DMum; wpfBudrfwkduf/ wpfBudrfwkdufa<uZGef;BuD;(3)ZGef; .../ (pm? 166)

11/ qHyifeufatmif? axmywfESif h qifwHk;rEG,f ...

qifwHk;rEG,f wpfayavmufukd tcGHrsm;tm; "m;jzifh jcpfjypfyg/ "m;jzifhyg;yg;av;vTm&m qifwHk;rEG,ftvTm

av;aygif; (120)ausmf&aomtcg yef;uefjym;wpfcsyfwGif xnfhí aeylvSef;/ naeapmif; aoGUajcmufoGm;awmh

oH',ftkd;xJ axmywfa<uZGef;BuD; wpfZGef;xnfhí qifwHk;rEG,ftjym;rsm;ukd aMumfygonf/ teDa&miforf;vmaomf

tat;cH ykvif;xJxnfh/

(1) wpfcgpm; 3 4ck &uf20ausmf pm;&rnf .../ (c&D;oGm;aq;orm;pmtkyfrS)

(2) eHeuf (3)jym;? n (3)jym; wpfaeY (2)Budrfpm; .../ (usef;usef;rmrmcsrf;csrf;omompmtkyfrS)

12/ qifwHk;rEG,fvQufqm;...

qifwHk;rEG,f wpfydom? a&SmufoD;aumif;aumif; tvHk;BuD; (3)vHk;yg;yg;vSD;xnfh/ qm;u tpdwfom;xnfh/

tJ'DoHk;rsKd;ukd qefaq;&nfeJY wpfnpdrfxm;/ aemufaeY a&cef;atmifjyKwf/ a&SmufoD;Ell;oGm;onftxd a&cef;&if

vifAef;xJ xnfhNyD;aevSef;/ ajcmufoGm;&iftrIefYBudwf/ avvHk ykvif;oefYoefYrSmxnfh/ vkdovkdoHk;ayawmh .../

aoG;wkd;? avatmifh? Akdufem ava&m*grSeforQ tukefaumif;w,f acsmif;qkd;&ifusyfwmvnf; &w,f/

vQufqm;vkd olcsnf;vQufvQuf ysm;&nfeJYa&mvQufvQuf tukefaumif;w,f tJ'DvQufqm;[m touf&Snfaq;yJ/

vkdovkdoHk;/ qifwkHk;rEG,fqkdwm raoyif/ ysm;&nfuawmh b,fawmhrS rykyfwJht&nf .../ (pm? 175)

13/ r,SOfEk difaom aq;wpfzH k ('[wfoukd kif;ESif h EG,fcsK d) ...

avmurSm b,folawGbmaq;azmfpm;pm;/ tJ'Daq;ukdawmh r,SOfEkdifbll;/ aq;enf;u ESpfrskKd;xJrkdY

txifao;rvm;bJ/ '[wfoudkif;u avaumif;w,f/ EG,fcsKdu tpmtdrfoefY&Sif;w,f/ vlawGrSm 'DESpfckjynhfpkH&if

usef;rmNyDaygh .../

aq;azmfyHku '[wfoukdif;eJY EG,fcsKd qwl trIefYBudwf&r,f/ tJ'gukd avvHkykvif;xJ xnfhxm;/ eHeuf

xrif;pm;NyD;wmeJY refusnf;aph wpfaphpm pm;? ntdyf&m0ifrSmvnf; 'DvkdyJ wpfBudrfpm; .../ (pm? 190)

o Q o Q o

144


(26) uRefawmfESif haq;avmu? aq;avmuESif huRefawmf ...

rauG;0if;jrif h

yxrtBudrf? 2004? Ed k0ifbmv/ wefzk d; 1000usyf/ ynma&Tawmifpmtkyfwkduf .../

1/ avjzwfjcif;ab;uif;a0a&; ...

½kwfw&ufavjzwfcH&oltwGuf tjrefukoenf; ....

yxrta&;tBuD;qkH;tcsuf/

avjzwfcH&aom vlemukd jzpfonfhae&mwGifyif xm;&rnf/ rnfonfhae&mukdrQ a&TUajymif;jcif; rjyKygESifh/

csufcsif; a&TUajymif;vkdufygu vIyf&Sm;jcif;aMumifh OD;aESmufaoG;aMumrsm; vQifjrefpGm aygufuGJNyD; vlem\ tajctae

qkd;&Gm;oGm;vdrfhrnf jzpfonf .../

'kwd,ta&;tBuD;qkH;tcsuf/

vlemukdjzpfonfhae&müyif tomt,mxlray;NyD; jyefí vJusroGm;ap&ef tomrSdef;í xkdifap&rnf

vlemukd,fwkdif rxkdifEkdifygu wpfOD;OD;u tomarS;í xlrxm;&rnf/ xlrNyD;NyD;csif; ydk;owfxm;aom

aq;xkd;tyfjzpfap vufcsKyftyf xdyfzsm;ukd rD;&SdKUíjzpfap jyKvkyfxm;aomtyfjzifh vlem\ vufq,facsmif;xdyfzsm;ukd

(yJaphcefY) aoG;puf wpfpufpDxGufvmatmif azmufay;&rnf/ aoG;puf (yJaphcefY) xGufrxGufukd apmifhMunfhyg/

tu,fí aoG;rxGufcJhvQif aoG;xGufvmatmif vufjzifh n§pfxkwfay;&rnf/ vufacsmif;rsm;tm;vHk;

aoG;xGufNyD;aemuf rdepfykdif;twGif; vlem jyefvnf owd&vmvdrhfrnf .../

wwd,ta&;BuD;qHk;tcsuf/

vlemukdavjzwfvQifjzwfcsif; yg;pyf&GJUapmif;oGm;ygu ¤ifem;½GufESpfzufvHk;ukd eD&Jvmonfhwkdifatmif

vufjzifhyGwfoufqGJay;yg/ em;½GufeD&JvmvQif em;½Gufatmufykdif; em;azmufonfhae&mwGif ykd;owfxm;aom

aq;xkd;tyf (okdY) rD;&SdKxm;onfh vufcsKyftyfjzifh em;½GufwpfzufpD azmufay;yg/ yJaphcefY aoG;pufESpfpufxGufvmjyD;

rdepfykdif;twGif; yg;pyf&GJUapmif;oGm;jcif;rS jyefvnfwnfhrwf aumif;rGefoGm;ygvdrfhrnf .../ (pm? 17)

pwkx¬ta&;tBuD;qHk;tcsuf/

vlemukdjyKpkukoNyD; ykHrSeftajctaea&mufatmif apmifhMunfhyg/ NyD;rSaq;½kHykdYjcif; vkdtyfonfh aq;ukorI

cH,l&ef qufvufaqmif½Gufyg .../

tusk d Kaus;Zl;/

txufygtwkdif;aqmif½Gufygu taMumaojcif;? ukd,fwpfjcrf;aojcif;? ajcvufvIyf&Sm;ír&jcif;?

pum;ryDojcif;ponfh vljzpf½SKH;7rnfh 'kud©wb0rS uif;a0;aprnf jzpfygonf/

Ek d;aqmfwdkufwGef; arwåmoGef; /

þenf;rSm vufawGUaysmufuif;apaom enf;jzpfí vltrsm; avjzwfjcif;'ku©rS uif;a0;Muap&ef

arwåmapwemjzLpifpGmjzifh ukokdvftrIIjyKvkdufygonf/ rdrdwkdY\ rdwfaqGrsm;xHokkdY wpfqifhjzeYfa0vª'gef;jcif;jzifh

ukodkvfxl;ukd &,lMuyg .../

þenf;twkdif; vlemukd jyKpkukoay;jcif;jzifh &mEIef;jynfhatmifjrifaom ukd,fawGUenf;jzpfaMumif;

tmrcHygonf (þukoenf;udk w½kwfjynfrS ay;ykdYcJhaom ukoenf;rS bmomjyefxm;jcif;jzpfygonf) .../

145


2/ BuKd Uxkd;jcif;aysmufaq; ...

(1) Bwdzvaq;jym; = qD;jzLoD;u wpfusyfom;? zefcg;oD;u wpfusyfom;? opfqdrfhoD;u wpfusyfom;?

qm;rD;zkwfu wpfusyfcGJom;/ tJ'gukda&m? trIefYBudwf? aq;jym;vkyf/ wpfcgaomuf oHk;jym; a&aEG;eJYaomuf.../

(2) a<uZGef;xJ refusnf;rSnfhtESpf xnfh? a<uZGef;ukd rD;eJYtylay;? tjr§Kyfuav;awGxvm&if tat;cH?

cyfaEG;aEG;&Sd&if vlemukd vQmeJY vQufckdif; .../ (pm? 28)

3/ avjzwfjcif;ESif h a&Smufaygif;&nf ...

xef;vsuf 75usyfom;ukd a& iSufaysmzl;ykvif; (5)ykvif;xnfhNyD;usKd NyD;awmh tat;cH/ NyD;awmh

xef;&nftvsif wpfykvif;a&m tJ'gukd oHk;&ufavmufpdrfxm;/ oHk;&ufMumNyD;aemuf a&SmufoD;u (4)vHk;

a&Smuf½Gufu wpfjynf? ouf&if;BuD;jrpfu wpfq,fom; EkyfEkyfpOf;NyD; aygif;tkd;xJxnfh aygif;ayawmh/

t&ufaygif;ovdkd aygif;acR;ukd ,l&rSm/ aygif;acR; iSufaysmzl;ykvif;eJY ESpfykvif;cGJxdatmif xkwf,lvdkY&w,f .../ (pm?

40)

atmufygazmfjyygtaMumif;tcsufrsm;ukdawmhrl rauG;0if;jrifh\ a&Smufaygif;&nf aq;tñTef;pm½GufrS

ul;,lazmfjyygonf .../

a&Smufaygif;&nfESifh ywfoufí okawoe tBudrfBudrf tcgcgjyKvkyfcJhygonf/ avief; avjzwfcH&jcif;?

yg;&GJUoGm;jcif;? ajcvufxHkusOfjcif;? ajcvufajr§mufr&jcif;? tm½kHaMumtm;enf;jcif;rsm;ukd a&Smufaygif;&nf wpfaeY

(2)Mudrf eHeufpmrpm;rD [if;aomufZGef; (2)ZGef;? npmrpm;rD[if;aomufZGef; (2)ZGef; wkdufauR;ygu vsifjrefpGm

aysmufuif;onfukd avhvmawGU&Sd&ygonf /

avief; avjzwfcH&olrsm;ukd 0ufom;? bJom;? tkef;EkdY? tqDtap;rsm;vGef;aomtpm? EGm;EkdY? iSufaysm

at;zGJUaomtcsKd&nfrsm; rwkdufauR;ygu ykdrkdvsifjrefpGm aysmufuif;ygonf/ þa7Smufaygif;&nfukd

ESvHk;aoG;aMumusOf;ol? qD;csKda&m*g&Sdol? rD;,yfcsrf; rD;,yfikyfolrsm; aoG;xJwGif tqD"mwfrsm;olrsm;

aomufoHk;yguvnf; a&m*ga0'emrsm;aysmufuif;ygaMumif; ..../

ukd,fvufxHkusOfukdufcJygu ,if;ae&mrsm;ukd vdrf;ay;Ekdifygonf/ t&m0w¬Kypönf;rsm; jrJjrHpGm

rudkifwG,fEkdifygu vufarmif;ESifh vufacsmif;rsm;ukd wpfaeYoHk;Budrf qkyfe,f vdrf;ay;yg .../

(aq;tñTef;pm½GufrS) .../

4/ wkwfauG;zsm;aysmufaq; ....

uGrf; (3)½Guf? csif;yg;yg;vSD; (7)vTm? xef;vsuf (1)vHk; a&mjyKwf/ tcsKdyef;uef wpfvHk;aomuf aysmuf\ .../

(pm? 43)

5/ 0rf;udkufa&m*gaysmufaq; ...

(1) qD;jzLoD; owåK&nf [if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef;aomuf .../

(2) okdYr[kwf zefcg;oD; owåK&nf [if;pm;ZGef;wpfZGef;aomuf... (pm? 44)

6/ tqkwfa&m*gppfwrf; ...

1/ acsmif;w[Gwf[Gwf aeYpOfqdkk;jcif; ...

2/ ukd,fylízsm;jcif; ...

3/ OD;acgif;ydkif;acR;xGufjcif; ...

4/ taMumwufjcif; &ifbufemjcif; ...

5/ ovdyf[yfvQifaoG;p aoG;ersm;ygvmjcif; ...

146


acsmif;qkd;aeYpOf? zsm;0ifaeYwkdif;

acgif;ykdif;acR;xGuf? aMumwuf

&ifem? aoG;ygvmvQif

þajcmuftif jzpfpOftqkwfem .../ (pm? 53)

7/ tqkwfa&m*g (jrpfajcmufem) aysmufaq; ...

awmifrJtkyf (vufyHcg;)

awmifr½kd;? oifykef;yif? aq;cg; (jrefrmhaq;0g;yifrsm;pmtkyfrS ...)

pkdif;vdkif;yif (&ckdiftac:)

vufyHcg;ESifh awmifr½kd;rwl

tuskKd;oGm; tmedoifawmhwlonf (odrfjzLq&mawmf) .../

(1) awmifr½kd;acguf (30)om;ukd a& iSufaysmzl;ykvif; (3)ykvif;xnfhí (1)ykvif;omomusefonftxd

jyKwfyg/ jyKwf&nfukd a&ppfESifhppf,lí ykvif;xJavvHkatmifydwfxm;vdkufyg/ ysm;&nfuvufzufpm;wpfZGef;

awmifr½kd;acgufjyKwf&nfu vufzufpm;ZGef; (2)ZGef; a&oefYoefYu xrif;pm;ZGef; (3)ZGef; cefYa&mí eHeuf? aeYvnf?

n wpfaeYoHk;Budrfaomuf .../ (pm? 56)

(2) wpfenf; awmifr½kd;acgufukd trIefYvkyfyg/ ysm;&nfppfppfESifh qD;uif;cefY tvHk;uav;rsm;jyKvkyfyg eHeuf?

n xrif;pm;NyD; (5)vHk;pD pm;oHk;ay;ygu tqkwfoefYNyD; acsmif;qkd;aoG;yg tqkwfa&m*gab;rS uif;a0;ygvdrfhrnf.../

(pm? 60)

8/ qD;usOf? qD;atmifhESif h ausmufysOf ...

yxr qD;ukd oGm;csifoavmuf oGm;vdkufygw,f/ qD;oGm;NyD;wmeJY wpfNydKifeuf tdyf&mxuf yufvufvSefNyD;

qD;cHkay: ausmufysOfuav;wifNyD; tEdSyfonfrsm; aygifjcHrSm tylxkwfovkd qD;cHkay:rSm tylxkwfvdkufwJhtcg

cPavmufeJY vufawGUaysmufygw,f/ qD;oGm;&wm tm;r&bJ qD;wpfpuf wpfpuf usolrsm;ukdyif vkyfcdkif;&m

vufawGU aysmufuif;Muygw,f .../ (pm? 63)

9/ teEÅokccsufaq;ESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

1/&Sm;apmif;vufyyf ... 50usyfom;

2/xefvsuf ... 60usyfom;

3/MuufoGefeD ... 20usyfom;

4/zvl;rawmifa0S; ... 5usyfom;

5/refusnf;rSnfh (tESpf) ... 5usyfom;

txufyg ig;rsKd;ukd usKdcsuf/ vufaumfí &vQifcs/ robm0tvSrsm;ESifh cGeftm;wkd;apí av;bufem

aysmufuif;aMumif;/ aq;tñTef;ukd rauG;0if;jrifh\ teEÅokccsufaq;wGif Munfhyg .../ (pm? 109)

10/ rkwfcg;xkwfvkyfenf;ESif h &Sm;apmif;vufyyf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyftyifukd xufjcrf;cGJvkdufyg rkwfcg;"mwfrygwJh tv,fom;ukd jcpfxkwf,lxm;NyD;

(ab;tum) tcGHukd ao;EkyfoGm;atmif "m;eJYpOf;yg/ ae 2 7uf? 3 &ufavmufvSef;&if ajcmufoGm;ygw,f/ aemufNyD;

trIefYBudwfyg rkwfcg;uJhokdY teHYt&omwlwJh oefY&Sif;vwfqwfaom tpdrf;a&mifrkwfcg;ukd&&Sdygw,f .../

aq;tmedoifrSm tap;rkwfcg;eD;eD; tpGrf;xufwm awGU7ygw,f/ jyifyrS0,f,lwJhrkwfcg;awGvkd ]]ppf&JUvm;}}

qkdwm ylyefp&mrvkdawmhbJ ukd,fwkdifxkwfvkyfwJhtwGuf pdwfcspGmoHk;pGJEkdifwJh acwfopfrkwfcg;yJjzpfygawmhw,f .../

(pm? 113)

o Q o Q o

147


148


(27) usef;usef;rmrm csrf;csrf;omom

rauG;0if;jrif h

'kwd,tBudrf? 2004? Mo*kwfv/ wefzk d; 400usyf/ qkjrwfpmay .../

1/ "mwfav;yg;n§daq; (qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av) ...

1/ OESJ (tkef;ESJ) ... 5usyfom;

2/ ikacguf ... 5usyfom;

3/ qifwHk;rEG,f ... 5usyfom;

txufyg (3)rsKd;ukd trIefYjyKyg/ ysm;&nfESifhawí a&G;BuD;cefYtvHk;vkyfyg/ avvHkzefykvif;wGif xnfhyg/ eHeuf

xrif;pm;NyD; (3)vHk; n xrif;pm;NyD; (3)vHk;pm;yg/ avjzwf? avief; txl;umuG,fygonf/ pjrif;cHí anmif;nm

awmifhwif;jcif;? azma&mifjcif;? cRJusyfjcif;? arm[dkufjcif;wkdYukd aysmufuif;apygonf/ touf&Snf usef;rmapaom

aq;aumif;wpfvuf jzpfygonf .../ (pm? 40)

2/ "mwfAl;ESif h qefjyKwf (*syefenf;ynm)

n (9)em&DcefYwGif a&aEG;"mwfAl;BuD;xJokdY qef [if;pm;ZGef;(3)ZGef;xnfh a&aEG;yGufyGufqlukd tcsKdyef;uef

(4)vHk;cefYxnfh? "mwfAl;tqkdYukd vHkatmifydwf? eHeufvif;aomf"mwfAl;xJrS qefwkdYonf tufuGJ El;eyfoGm;ygonf/

yef;uefxJ qm;xnfhaomuf½kHyif ..../

qefjyKwf (,m*k) tusKd;ig;yg;

(1) qmavmifjcif; aysmufap\ .../

(2) rGwfodyfjcif; aysmufap\ .../

(3) avukd atmufokdY oufomap\ .../

(4) qD;tdrfwGif;rS qD;a[mif;rsm;ukd okwfoif\ .../

(5) tpmukd aMunufap\ .../ (pm? 56)

3/ ausmufwnfa&m*gESif h ql;yef;yGif h ...

ql;yef;yGifh oHk;rwfom;ukd a&ESifhusKdí aomufyg .../ (pm? 68)

4/ rsufpdtjyifwdrfaysmufaq;

Muufarmufql;jyefukd csufxm;aomqm; refusnf;aphwpfjcrf;cefY vpfykdykvif;xJxnfh /a&oefYoefY

ykvif;wpf 0ufxnfh ykvif;ukdememvIyf rsufpOf;wpfaeYoHk;BudrfcefY aeYpOfrsufpOf;cwf7rnfh tjyif

uifyGef;½GufMurf;ukdjyKwfí xkdtaiGUukd rsufpdrIdif;cHay;&rnf/

twGif;pm;aq;u refusnf;rSnfh 10usyfom; xef;vsuf 5usyfom; qm;u uGrf;oD;cefY tJ'gukdnufatmif

axmif; ESrf;qDav;enf;enf;xnfhvHk; ntdyf&m0if uGrf;oD;cefYa&at;eJYpm;ckdif;ygw,f.../

'gawmif rsufvHk;urMunfao;vdkY uGrf;½GufrsufpOf;cwfay;ygao;w,f/ tJ'Daemuf rsufvHk;ESpfvHk;pvHk;

MunfvifoGm;ygawmhw,f .../

Muufarmufql;jyefqm;csufenf;rSm oDwif;uRwf wefaqmifrkef;vwGif Muufarmufql;jyefyifrsm;ukd

Ekwf,lNyD; ae&dyfrSm ajcmufaoGUatmifxm;&ygonf ajcmufaoGUoGm;aomtcg rD;½SKdUjymcsyg/ xkdjymukd a<u&nfokwfxm;

aomtkd; (okdYr[kwf) pOfYtkd;xJwGif jym&nfjrKyfatmif a&avmif;xnfhyg/ tenf;qHk; 3? 4n xm;yg .../

xkdaemuf tay:&nfMunfukdppf,lí oH',ftkd; (oYkdr[kwf) a<u&nfokwfZvHkESifh xnfhyg/ rD;zkday:wifí

usKdcsufyg/ a&cef;oGm;atmif arTí usKdcsufyg/ a&cef;oGm;aomf toHjrnfvmygvdrfhrnf/ jrnfoHaysmuf

149


NyD;tckd;rsm;xGufvmrS rD;zkday:rScsyg tat;cHyg/ at;oGm;aomtcg oH',ftkd;(okdYr[kwf) ZvHkwGifuyfaeaom qm;rsm;

ukd0g;tcRefuav;jzifh cGm,lyg/ oHqHkwGifxnfhí rIefYaeatmifaxmif;yg xkdqm;ukdavvHkykvif;xJrSmxm;ygav.../

xkdqm;ukd t&yfom;rsm; roHk;oifhyg tb,faMumifhqkdaomf xufjrufpl;&SvSaomaMumifhjzpfygonf/

t&yfom;rsm;u aq;qkdvQif rsm;rsm;aomuf jrefjrefaysmuf[k xifMuonf/ r[kwfyg / xufjrwfaomaq;ukdt&rf;

uma&m roHk;7yg .../ (pm? 77)

5/ xdcd kuf'Pf&m temrsm;ESif h csif; ...

(1) cvkwfwkdufvJwm ajconf; uRwfoGm;w,f/ tJ'g csif;ukdqm;enf;enf;eJYaxmif;NyD; ywfwD;pnf;ay;

vdkufwm (3)&ufeJY taumif;yuwd .../ (pm? 86)

(2) ausmufurf;yg; tpGef;eJY acgif;wkdufrdwm OD;a&vefoGm;w,f/ csif;eJY qm;a&maxmif;NyD;OD;a&vefoGm;wJh

tay:ukd ydwfpyg;yg;eJY ppfNyD;t&nfn§pfay;w,f vdrf;ay;w,f/ NyD;awmh vefoGm;wJhOD;a&ukdjyeftkyfay;vdkufw,f

(3)&ufeJY taumif;yuwdyJ/ qHyifawGvJruRwfbl; thHa&m .../ (pm? 87)

(3) ar;uGJoGm;wm tom;vefNyD; t½kd;awmifay:w,f/ 'Dtwkdif;vkyfwm aysmufw,f/ temr&if;bl;/

(4) ajcr acgufNyD; usKd;oGm;w,f/ tom;vnf; vefoGm;w,f/ csif;eJY qm; ywfwD; pnf;ay;vkdufw,f/

wpfywfavmufMumawmh taumif;yJ .../ (pm? 88)

6/ 'PfaMuvdrf;aq; ...

csif;wuf ta&miftaoG;aumif;aumif; 25usyfom; a&pifpifaq; yg;yg;vTmausmufi½kwfqkHESifhaxmif;

pOftkd;uav;xJokdY axmif;NyD;csif;rsm;xnfh xkdaemuf y½kwfjym;oHk;jym;acsíxnfh NyD;vQif t&ufOD;a& iSufaysmzl;

ykvif;jzifh wpfykvif;xnfh NyD;uoefYpifaom 0g;acsmif;uav;ESifh arTum tay:rSavvHkatmif t0wfpnf;xm;vdkuf

ygonf/

oHk;&ufavmufMumawmh zHk;tkyfxm;wJht0wfajzNyD;vkdoavmufukdykvif;xJxnfhoHk;ayawmh/ xdckduf'Pf&m

rSeforQ taMumwif taMumuyf? xHkemusOfem tukefaysmufw,f taumif;qHk; 'PfaMuvdrf;aq;ygyJ.../ (pm? 88)

7/ um;rl;aysmufaq; ...

um;pD;wJhtcg um;rl;wwfMuw,f/ ysKdUtefwwfMuw,f/ csif;ukdtajcmufvSef trIefYaxmif; ysm;&nfeJY

a&G;BuD;cefYvHk;xm;? um;xGufcgeD;wpfvHk;ikHxm;? csKdcsOfvkdaygh/ 'gqkdum;rrl;awmhbl;? rtefawmhbl; .../ (pm? 89)

8/ qD;cPcPoGm;jcif; ESif hqD;usefa&m*g...

i½kwfaumif;wpfusyfom; jrif;cGm½GuftajcmufoHk;usyfom; trIefYaxmif; ysm;&nfESifhawí qD;uif;cefY

tvHk;uav;rsm;jyKvkyfyg qD;cPcPoGm;aeol qD;usefa&m*gjzpfaeolwkdUtm; wpfaeY (3)vHk; wkdufauR;ygu aysmuf

uif;csrf;omapygonf .../ (pm? 90)

9/ qD;oGm;aoG;yg ...

tanmif;xkdifolrsm; a&at;tvGefcsKd;olrsm; tyltpyfpm;vGef;olrsm; qD;oGm;aomtcg aoG;ygwwfonf/

i½kwfaumif; (7)aph xef;vsuf(5)usyfom;wGif a&tcsKdyef;uefoHk;vHk;xnfhusKdyg qlyGwfaomtcg tat;cHNyD;

tcsKdyef;uefwpf0ufcefY aomufygu tylNidrf;NyD; qD;aoG;ygjcif; aysmufuif;ygonf.../(pm? 90)

10/ om;onfrdcifEk d YrxGufaomf ...

&Sm;apmif;vufyyfukd [if;cg;csufí i½kwfaumif;rIefYxnfhNyD;aomufygu om;onfrdcif EkdYxGufygonf.../

(pm? 90)

150


11/ qD;csK dESif h Bwdu#Kwf ...

Bwdu#Kwf (3)yg; wpfusyfom;pDxnfh? odaE¨mu wpfusyfom;? tJ'gtrIefYjyKNyD; a&Smuf&nfeJY wpfaeY

wpfaeYwpfcGufaomufwm qD;csKda&m*g oufomaMumif; .../ (pm? 93)

(Bwdu#Kwf = csif;? i½kwfaumif;? ydwfcsif;oD;) .../

12/ ausmufuyfa&m*gESif h zvl;rawmifa0S; ukd,fa7mifaysmufaq; ...

owdxm;&ygrnf/ a&csKd;rSm;í a&m*g7jcif;jzpfygonf/ rMumcP Mum;zl;Muygvdrfhrnf/ tonf;rSmtemayguf

vkdYwJ/ tpmtdrfrSm uifqmqkdyJ? qD;tdrfausmufwnfwmwJh ausmufuyfa&m*gwJh .../

vlUcE¨mukd,ftwGif;ü&Sdaom uvDpmrsm;tm; rnfolrQ tyfESifhxkd;jcif;rjyKMuyg/ bmjzpfvkdYtemjzpfMuwmwkef;

pOf;pm;p&mjzpfygonf/ yltkdufonf[k qkdum a&at;ukd rMumcPcsKd;aomaMumifh cE¨mukd,frSm tylckd;rsm;onf

tonf;? tpmtdrf? ausmufuyf? qD;tdrfrsm;okdY ½kdufcwfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ wpfcsKdU tylckd;rsm;qkdvQif t½kd;

tqpfrsm;txd pl;0ifoGm;ojzifh tqpfa&mifa0'emrsm; cHpm;Muygonf .../

tylckd;onf tonf; okdYr[kwf tpmtdrfokdY OD;rvSnfhbJ ausmufuyfokdY OD;vSnfhcJhaomf

ausmufuyfa&m*grSeforQ ajcovHk;? ajczrkd;? aygif? cg;wkdY a&mifMuygonf/ tonf;yga&mifygu 0rf;Akdufyga&mifygonf/

rsufESmvnf; trf;ygonf/

ukd,fazmukd,fa&mifaysmufaq; azmf&mü ]]zvl;rawmifa0S;}} onf t"duZmwfvdkuf jzpfygonf/

zvl;rawmifa0S;ukd tcsKdUt&yfu ]]rD;avmifyef;}} [k ac:onf/ t0ga&miftyGifhrsm; tqkyfvkdufyGifhygonf/

vuf0g;jzefYxm;ovkd t½Gufwpf½GufwGif oHk;>rm&Sdí 3? 4ayxd jrifhonf/

rauG;wkdif;w&m;½kH;teD; opfvkyfief;0if;twGif;ae OD;atmifcif? a':vSvSoef; wkdYaetdrfü zvlrawmifa0S;yif

&Sfdonf/ ausmufuyfa0'em&Sifrsm; tvG,fwul&,lEkdif&ef wrifpkdufysKd;xm;jcif;jzpfwmygwJh ukokdvfjzpfay;ygw,fwJh/

zvl;rawmifa0S; ukd,fa&mifaysmufaq;...

(1) zvl;rawmifa0S; ... 25usyfom;

(2) &Sm;apmif;vufyyftESpf ... 30usyfom;

(3) xef;zdkOD;xef;vsuf ... 30usyfom;

(4) refusnf;rSnfhtESpf ... 5usyfom;

(5) MuufoGefeD ... 10usyfom;

yxrOD;pGm &Sm;apmif;vufyyf tESpfrsm;ESifh xef;vsufwkdYukd tkd;xJxnfhí rD;zkday:wifyg/ a&rxnfh&yg/

&Sm;apmif;vufyyfrS a7rsm; xGufvmygvdrfhrnf/ NyD;vQif zvl;rawmifa0S;ukd nufpGm axmif;xnfhyg/ xkdaemuf

MuufoGefeD? refusnf;rSnfhxnfhyg/ <uufNrD;wef;vQif rD;zkday:rScs? tat;cH? avvHkykvif;ESifh xnfhyg/ eHeuf? aeYvnf?

n (3)Budrf? wpfBudrfvQif vufzufpm;ZGef; (2)ZGef; armufarmuf pm;&ygrnf .../ (pm? 100)

13/ EG,fcsK d ...

okawoejyKavhvm&mwGif EG,fcsKdonf ovdyfaysmfapjcif; a&mif&rf;rIaysmufapjcif;owådrsm;&SdaMumif;od&Sd

&ygonf/ ¤if;tjyif EG,fcsKdü aumf&nfwpfrsKd; yg&Sdjcif;aMumifh ¤if;aumf&nfonfa&mif&rf;aeaom tarS;yg;rsm;ukd

okwfvdrf;í oufomrIukd &aponf/ ¤if;aumf&nfukd temcGufrsm;uko&efESifh 0rf;csKyfrIoufomap&eftoHk;jyKonf.../

,aeYokawoeavmuü EG,fcsLdonf a&yef;pm;ae\/ jrefrmtm,kaAÁ' odrfjzLaq;odyÜHq&mawmf

t&Sifem*odefrax7f a&;om;jyKpkaom ]]yHkjyaq;tbd"mef}} 'kwd,wGJü EG,fcsKd\ *kPfESifhpGrf;&nfrSm tjrpfukdoHk;\/

csKd\/ at;\/ aMuusufNyD;aomtcg 0dygucsKd\/ ajyjypf\/ cGeftm;udkjyKwwf\/ okwfukdyGm;ap\/ rsufpdukdtusKd;jyK\/

ta&miftqif;ukdaumif;ap\/ toHESifhqHyifukdaumif;ap\/ avonf;ajcukdEkdif\/ aoG;aMumifhjzpfaoma&m*g

temayguf? a&mifwif;? tqdyf? atmhtH? yg'&uf? a&iwf? ysKdU? aoG;tef? aoG;usa&m*gwkdYukd aysmufuif;ap\ .../

a,bk,stm;jzifh EG,fcsKdrS xkwfvkyf&&Sdaom j'yfaygif;rsm;rSm yHkrSefokHk;pGJ&mwGif vHkjcHKpdwfcs&ygonf/ okdYaomf

Mum&Snf okdYr[kwf vGefuJpGm pm;oHk;rIonf jyif;xefaomab;qkd;rsm; jzpfEkdifonfukd awGU&Sd&ygonf/ vGefuJpGm

151


pm;oHk;rIaMumifh acgif;ukdufjcif;? xkdif;rIdif;av;vHjcif;? qkd'D,rfESifh a&xdef;csKyfrI ykdwwfpD,rfqHk;&SKH;rI aoG;aygifcsdef

jrifhrm;rI? ESvHk;&yfqkdif;rI txdyif jzpfwwfonf .../ (pm? 104)

14/ cHwGif;a&m*gESif h EG,fcsK d ...

EG,fcsKdukdiHkí t&nfpkyfygu cHwGif;ü tylvGefíjzpfaom tusdwfrsm;? tzkrsm; aysmufuif;apygonf .../

(pm? 106)

15/ BudKUxkd;jcif;ESif h EG,fcsK d ...

EG,fcsKdeSifh ysm;&nfa&mNyD;vQufygu BudKUxkd;jcif;ukd aysmufuif;apygonf .../ (pm? 106)

16/ avxkd;avatmifha&m*gESif h EG,fcsK d ...

pma&;ol (rauG;0if;jrifh) ukd,fwkdif ESpfaygif; (20)ausmf cHpm;chJ&aom avema&m*grSm EG,fcsKdESifhrS tjrpfjywf

cJhygonf/ EG,fcsKdtawmifhukd aeYpOf enf;enf;pD ukduf0g;pm;½kHESifh vHkavmuf\ .../ (pm? 107)

17/ a,musfm;taMumtm;enf;jcif;? yef;aoyef;ñId;jcif;ESif h &SOf hrwufO ...

&SOfYrwufOukd &Srf;jynf? atmifyef;? &GmiH&Gmuawmh om;orD;rsm;rsm;&apwJhtwGuf ]]om;rsm;O}}

vkdYac:ygw,f.../

trsK d;om;tm;aq; ...

(1) &SOfrwwfO(ac:)om;rsm;O ... 15usyfom;

(2) EG,fcsKd ... 15 /

(3) qD;jzLoD; ... 15 /

(4) ysm;&nf ... 25 /

(5) axmywf ... 25 /

(6) oMum; ... 25 /

&SOfYrwufOESifh EG,fcsKdwkdYukd trIefYjyKyg? qD;jzLoD;ukdvnf; tajcmufvSef;trIeYfjyKyg/ axmywf? oMum;?

ysm;&nfwkdYESifh a&mía<u&nfokwfZvHkwpfckxJ xnfhyg/ aeESifhcsufyg eHeuf?n [if;pm;wZGef; pm;oHk;yg .../ (pm? 112)

18/ om;tdrfü tvHk;7S dolESif h wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf (11) rkwfuJaq; ...

uRefraq;cef;wpfckrSmjyawmh om;tdrfxJrSm tvHk;&Sdaew,f/ pkd;&drf&w,fqkdNyD;om;tdrfxkwfvdkuf&ygw,f/

csKyf½kd;jznfNyD;aemufykdif; vrf;avQuf&ifawmif qD;u &TJaeatmif oGm;ygw,f/ xyfjyMunfhawmh qD;tdrf&JUatmufem;rSm

taygufuav;awGUae&w,ffvkdYajymygw,f/ tJ'Dtaygufu cGJNyD;zmvkdY&w,fvkdY ajymygw,f .../

wpfpkHwpfckaMumifh qD;tdrfaygufoGm;wmukdawmh aq;pm;½kHeJY raysmufEkdifawmhygbl;/

taumif;qHk;uawmh AkdufjyefcGJNyD; aygufwJhae&mukdcsKyf&rSm .../

þokdYjzpf7jcif;onf uRefawmfhayghavsmhrIaMumifh 0D7d,enf;rIaMumifhjzpf&wmyg[kvnf;0efcHvkdygw,f/onfvdk

rsKd;om;tdrf (0rf;Adkuf) xJrSm tvHk;tcJ&SdolwpfOD;ukd ukoay;cJhzlygonf/ xkdtaMumif;ukdtrsm;odatmifpmtkyftjzpf

uRefawmfra&;jzpfcJh .../

xkdjzpf&yfuav;ukda&;cJhrdNyD; a0'em&Sifomzwf½SKrdcJhaomf ,ckuJhokdY aiGodef;ESifhcsDí ukefNyD; ukd,fqif;&Jjcif;

pdwfqif;&Jjcif; jzpfrSmr[kwfawmh/ ukoay;cJhaomaq;rSm wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf(11) rkwfuJaq;jzpfygonf .../

152


wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf (11) rkwfuJaq; ...

(1) prkefrsKd; (5)yg; (8yJom;pD) ... 2usyfcGJom; (16yJ = 1usyfom;)

(2) ausmufrsKd; (5)yg; ... /

(3) vdyfausmufql; ... 5 rl;om;

(4) aus;ykyf ... /

(5) Z0ufom ... /

(6) ZmwdyæKdvfoD; ... /

(7) av;n§if; ... /

(8) prkefeuf ... /

(9) rkwfcg; ... /

(rl&if;pmtkyfwGif aq;tav;csdef 16usyfom;[k yg&Sdaomfvnf; trSefwu,faygif;Munfhaomtcg 8usyfcGJom;yJ

&Sdygonf/ trSefukdjyefpDppf&ef .../)

txufygrkwfuJaq;ukd trIefYBudwf? aq;jym;uav;rsm;½kduf aeYpOf ntdyf&m0if(3)jym;pm;&ef .../ (pm? 156)

19/ yef;em&ifusyfESif h tpmukdavQmhpm;jcif; ...

uRefawmfh yef;em&ifusyfu t*Fvdyf? jrefrmaq;pHkygNyD/ raysmufbl;/ wpfaeY pmtkyf wpftkyfxJrS zwfrdwmu

]]tpmukd vkdtyfonfxuf ykdrkdpm;aomufjcif;onf toufwkdapí a&m*gxlap\}} wJh .../

uRefawmfhukd,fuRefawmf a0zefMunfhwJhtcg touf40-50 ausmfrSm xrif;ukdZvHkBuD;eJY tjynfhtarmuf

xnfhNyD; t0tNyJpm;wm/ tck ZvHkMuD;tpm; yef;uefjym;av;xJrSm oifh½HkxnfhNyD; pm;vdkufwJhtcgusawmh tpm;

avQmhvkdufwJhaeYupNyD; yef;em&ifusyfa&m*g[m wjznf;jznf;oufomvmwm tckqkd &Sif;&Sif;aysmufoGm;NyD/

vHk;0rarmawmhbl;/ vufpowfawmh tpmrsm;vGef;vkdY yef;em&ifusyfjzpfwmukd; .../ (pm? 136)

o Q o Q o

153


154


(28) tkef;rIwfcGufeif;a&m*guif;

rauG;0if;jrif h

t|rtBudrf? 2000/ wefzk d; 500usyf/ qkjrwfpmay .../

1/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;yH keif;enf; ...

tkef;rIwfcGufESpfjcrf;ukd ,lyg/ rsufpdoHk;ckygaombuf rygaombuf BudKuf&mukd toHk;jyKEkkdifygonf/ (pm? 86)

tarT;Murf;rsm; pifMu,foGm;atmif tacsmoyfyg/ NyD;vQif tkef;rIwfcGufatmufü *kHeDtdwf okdYr[kwff

t0wfxlxlcHxm;yg/ tkef;rIwfcGufutrm Murf;jyifu trmqkdawmh eif;wJhyk*¾dKvf rawmfvkdY ajcacsmfvufacsmf

rjzpfatmifvdkYyg .../ (pm? 41)

tkef;rIwfcGufeif;awmhr,fqkd&if tay:uvufwef;vkyf&ygr,f/ 0g;vHk;awmifhawmifhckdifckdifaygh eif;r,fhol&JU

vufckyfwpfazmifavmuf wef;vkyf&r,f/ tJ'gukd vufESpfbufuqGJNyD; tkef;rIwfcGufESpfvHk;ay: b,f,drf;? nm,drf;

,D;av;ckdNyD; eif;&r,f/ ajcovHk;taMumawG rdatmifvJ qGJqefYeif;&r,f/ (pm? 106)

vufukdtay:wef;ajr§mufqGJNyD;awmh vufarmif; csKdif;aMumawGu tylckd; tykyfcdk;awG xGufvmw,f/ vlawG

aexkdifraumif;wm[m tJ'Dtckd;awG ikwfaevdkdYyJ/ vlwpfa,muf 'lvmyg'&ufa&m*g pGJNyDqkdrSjzifh ajczsm;awG

at;w,f/ 'l;awG aygifawGat;w,f/ rsufpdawGa0w,f .../ tJ'gawG aysmufuif;atmif tay:ukdwef;ypfNyD;

tkef;rIwf cGufESpfvHk;ay:ukd ,D;av;ckdNyD; ajcovHkk;aMum? aygif;wGif;aMum? zaemufaMumrdatmif eif;&w,f .../

tJ'Dvdkdeif;wJhtcg atmufykdif; tyltykyfawG tckd;awGxGufNyD; acR;pkdYvmwmaygh/ acR;xGufnDae&if usef;rmygw,f .../

(pm? 106)

2/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;vQif a&SmifMuOf&rnfhudpörsm; ...

tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;NyD;vQif a&rcsKd;&yg/ ajcaxmufukdyif a&raq;rdatmiftxlowdxm;&ygonf/

tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;NyD;vkdY ig;em&DavmufMumrS a&csKd;oifhygonf .../

a7csKd;NyD;NyD;csif; tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;wmtaumif;qHk;ygyJ/ uRefawmfwkdY tEdSyfonfeJY teif; tEdSyfcHovkdaygh .../

(pm? 43)

3/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;í yG JawGUaysmufaoma&m*grsm; ...

odrfjzLq&mawmf rdefYMum;onfrSm ]]aoG;eJYavaMumifh aoG;wkd; aoG;wuf ESvHk;aoG;&yf aoG;aMumydwf

aoG;roefY aoG;aMumrajzmifh ydwfqkdYwwfygw,f/ tJ'DvdkdydwfqkdYrIaMumifh tqpfa&mif aygifawmifh 'acgufcGuftm;enf;

ajcvufvIyfr& pwJha&m*gawGjzpfvmrSmyJ .../

ykdYaqmifa&;orm;jzpfwJh ]]aveJYaoG;}} tm;&Sdw,fxm;OD;/ ykdufvHk; ysufwJhtvm; taMumawG&JU

taetxm;awGu ykHrrSefjyef&ifvnf; taMumao? taMumuyf? taMumydwf? taMumayguf jzpfvmEkdifw,f/

'DvdkjzpfwmawGukd taMumjyiftwwfeJY qufpyfrI&SdwJh tkef;rIwfcGufeif;&if; aysmufuif;w,fqkdwm oHo,

jzpfp&mrvdkygbl;[k rdefYawmfrlygonf .../ (pm? 24)

xkdolrSm avjzwfxm;ojzifh rdrdbmom r&yfEkdifyg/ xkdaMumifh tkef;rIwfcGufeif;&aomtcg

ab;vlESpfa,mufu wGJay;&onf/ ,kHMunfrI? ZGJ&SdrIaMumifh[k qkd&rnf/ xkdolrSm ESpfvtwGif; oufomaysmufuif

oGm;ygonf .../ (pm? 32)

usKyf vGefcJhwJh (10)ESpfavmufu &efukefa&mufw,f/ av[mjyifaps;rSm &mbmzdeyfqkdifzGifhwJh w½kwftzkd;BuD;

wa,mufukdawGU&w,f/ oem;p&mAsm/ olYcrsm avief;qGJNyD; ukd,fwpfjcrf;u wkefwkef&if&ifjzpfaew,f/ oGm;wJhtcg

ajcwpfzuf'&GwfqGJoGm;&w,f/ wkwfwpfacsmif;eJYaygh/ 'geJYusKyfu tkef;rIwfcGufeif;zkdY ajymawmh em;rvnf&Smbl;/

teD;tem; tkef;xrif;qkdifrSm tkef;rIwfcGuf ESpfvHk;awmif;NyD; vufawGUeif;jyvdkufw,f/ w½kwfBuD; awmfawmf

oabmusoGm;w,f/ wpfESpfavmufMumawmh uskKyf olUukd jyefawGUvkdufawmh awmfawmf thHMooGm;w,f/

155


taumif;yuwdAsKdU/ usKyfajymwJhenf;twkdif; ckESpfvausmfausmf eif;vdkufwm tckvdkjzpfa&mwJhAsm/ usKyfvnf;

awmfawmf0rf;omoGm;w,f .../ (pm? 34)

tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;wJhtcgrSm ZGJ&SdzkdYta&;BuD;ygw,f/ wpfcg ESpfcg eif;½kHeJY aysmufvJraysmufbl;vdkY

tm;ravQmhoifhygbl;/ pdwf&Snfvuf&Snf eif;prf;yg/ aysmuf&ygapr,f .../ oGwfcsmyg'? avief;? aoG;wkd;? qD;csKd

acgif;ukduf? Zufav; tukefaysmuf .../ (pm? 360)

]]avjzwfcH7wm oHk;ESpfavmuf&SdoGm;NyD/ tck tkef;rIwfcGuf eif;&ifaysmufyghrvm;/}} a&m*gMumMumovkdaygh

a&m*gEk? Ekovdkaygh/ tkef;rIwfcGufukdyJ ususee ,kHk,kHMunfMunf av;av;pm;pm;eif;yg aysmuf&ygapr,f/ 'DvdkeYJ

aysmufuif;MuolawG trsm;BuD;yg .../ (pm? 44)

vlrSm toufBuD;&if ]]av}} tm;enf;vmygw,f/ tkef;rIwfcGufeif;wmavoefygw,f/ avtm;aumif;NyD;

avvnfonftxd jzpfvmygw,f/ ukd,fwkdif eif;Munfh&if ukd,fawGUodvmrSmyg .../

]]'um0if;jrifh a&;vdkufwJh tkef;rIwfcGufaqmif;yg;aMumifh OD;Zif;wkdY bkef;BuD;avmurSmawmh

tkef;rIwfcGufcsnf; eif;aeMuNyD/ aumif;ygw,f/ 'g[m yx0DaMumrdwmyJ/ 'gaMumifh tanmif;tukduf uif;NyD;

teif;tESdyf vHk;0 rcH&awmhbl;}} [k anmifueft&Sif£E´urS rdefYawmfrlygonf .../ (pm? 48)

]]tkef;rIwfcGufeif;wm[m rsufpduG,fwmyg aysmufuif;aMumif; oifhb0r*¾Zif; xJrSm aqmif;yg;a&;yg&Sifh}}

(rñdkpdrhf wGJbuftxu qDrD;cHkaus;&Gm) .../ (pm? 71)

usKyfavjzwfzl;w,f/ a[m'D b,fajcaxmufaygh/ vufqkyfvkdY vIyfvkdYukd r&bl;/ rdwfaqGwpfa,muf

wjcm; bmrSrvkyfygeJY? tkef;rIwfcGufomeif;yg qkdNyD; tMuHay;wmeJY usKyfvnf; prf;Munfhwm [kwfoAsKdU wpfaeY

em&D0ufomomyJeif;w,f/ 157ufeJY&Sif;&Sif;aysmufw,fAs/ usKyfawmhtkef;rIwfcGufukdvufrvGwfawmhbl; .../ (pm? 75)

cifAsm;a&;wJh[mukd zwfNyD; eif;vmwm [kdwkef;u cg;cPcPemwm tdrfomwufzkdYqkd&if aMumufawmif

aMumufw,f/ rxkdifEkdifbJukd;/ taMumawGeif;NyD; odyfemwm/ tJ'Denf;twkdif;eif;vdkufwm wpfywftwGif;cg;emwm

BuD;vJ r&Sdawmhbl;/ ZufaMumvJ wif;raeawmhbl; .../ (pm? 83)

trsKd;orD;rsm; EkwfiHk&dSonfrS arG;zGm;onftxd tkef;rIwfcGufeif;Ekdifygonf/ tuskKd;um;tanmif;ajyNyD;

taMumrsm; avsmhonfhtjyif remrusifbJ vG,fvG,fulpGmarG;zGm;Ekdifygonf/ xkdYaMumifh ukd,f0efaqmifrsm;

eif;Muygaemf .../ (pm? 86)

usKyfESvHk;[m wpfrdepftBudrf (90) ausmfckefwm acgif;ukdrl;aemufaewmyJ/ tdyf&mxJ vSJae&w,f/

tkef;rIwfcGuf b,f? nmtBudrf (100)pD eif;vkdufwm b,fvkdtqifoifhoGm;ovJ rodEkdifbl;/ ESvHk;ckefwm

yHkrSefjzpfoGm;NyD; .../ (pm? 98)

4/ ukd,fawGU MuKHrS ...

ck eif;rMunfh7ao;bl; qkd7if r,HkMunfygeJYOD; .../ eif;MunfhNyD; ukd,fawGMuKHrS ,HkMunfvufcHyg .../

awmif;yefcsifwmuawmh eif;jzpfatmif eif;Munhfygaemf .../ (pm? 46)

5/ odrfjzLq&mawmf\ Mo0g' ...

ajcz0g;tv,fonf ta&;BuD;vS\/ ,if;onf aoG;aMum? avaMumwkdY qHk&m]]taMumblwm½HkBuD;

jzpfonf}} [k wifpm; ac:a0:xm;onf/ ]]rl;jcif;? arhjcif;? wufjcif;}} ponfwkdY jzpfvQif ajcz0g;tv,fukd emem

EdSyfay;&onf .../ (pm? 18)

6/ qD;a&m*gvHk;0uif;pifapzkd Y ... (r[mpnfq&mawmfbk&m;ay;wJhenf; ...)

a&csKd;awmhr,fqdk&if qD;roGm;&bl;/ atmifhxm;&r,f/ atmifhvkdYr&bl; qkd&if a&rcsKd;eJYOD;/

a&wpfcGuf00aomufvkduf/ aomufNyD;csif;csif;vnf; csufcsif;a7rcsKd;eJYOD;/ 15rdepfavmuf aeOD; qD;tdrfxJ a&

a&mufygapOD;/ 'DawmhrScsKd;/ tJ'Dtwkdif;usifhoHk;oGm;r,fqkd&if qD;a&m*gvHk;0uif;oGm;r,f .../ (pm? 138)

o Q o Q o

156


(29) ukd,fawGUa&m*gaysmufuif;jcif;rsm;

1/ awmifvHk;jyefyif ...

awmifvHk;jyefyifrSm 9ay? 10aycefYjrifhaom tyifvwfrsKd;jzpfygonf/ t½GufEkpOf t½Guftem;wpf0kdufwGif

twGefUuav;rsm; rygaomfvnf;/ t½Guf&ifhvmaomtcg t½Guftem;wpf0kdufwGif twGefYuav;rsm; jzpfay:vmí

½GufqkdifxGufaom tyifjzpfygonf/ ¤if;awmifvHk;jyeft½Gufrsm;ygaom tukdif;wpfckukd csKd;í tcef;xJü xm;vQif

¤if;tyif\ opf½Gufpdrf;eHYrSm wpfcef;vHk; ysHUESHYvQuf&Sdonf/ xkdYaMumifh t½GufrSm teYH tvGefjyif;\/ ¤if;tyifonf

tqdyfukd Ekdifonf[k qkdjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif;? awmifvHk;jyefyif[k qkdjcif;aMumifhvnf;aumif; þtaMumif; ESpfckukd

axmuf½SKí uRefawmfi,fpOfu Munfh½IcJh&aom &mr½kyf&SifZwfum;BuD;ukd oGm;owd&rdygawmhonf .../

&mr? vu©Pm nDaemifwkdYonf 'ó*D&dESifh ppfcif;Mu&m &mrvm;? vu©Pmvm; rrSwfrdawmhyg/ jrm;'Pf&m

&&SdoGm;ygonf/ xkd'Pf&mukd uko&eftwGuf [Ekrmefarsmufrif;tm; ta&mifvif;vufaeaom opfyifukd &Smckdif;&m

[Ekrmef taejzifh vkduf&SmazG&if; awmifwpfvHk;ay:odkY a&muf&SdoGm;ygonf/ xkdawmifay:wGif [kdae&m&Sd opfyifu

ta&mifvufoGm;vdkuf? aysmufoGm;vdkuf? 'Dae&m&dSopfyifu ta7mifvif;vufoGm;vkduf? aysmufoGm;vkdufESifh

rnfonfhtyifukd Ekwf&rSef; [Ekrmef rodawmhyg/ ra0cGJJEkdifawmhyg/ 'Pf&m&aeolukdvnf; vsifjrefpGmukorS

toufcsrf;om&m &rnfjzpf&m aemufqHk;wGif ¤if;awmifBuD;ukd xkd;cGJí awmiftvHk;vdkufBuD;ukd aumif;uifc&D;jzifh

r,l o,faqmif ysHoef;vmonfY ½kyf&SifxJrS tcef;ukd ,ckxufwkdif jrifa,mifaerdygawmhonf .../

xkdokdY [Ekrmef awmifBuD;wpfckvHk; o,faqmifvmonfhtwGuf xkdaq;yifukd awmifvHk;ysHyif[k ac:qkdygvQif

vGefthHrxifyg/ wifjycJhNyD;aom pum;ESpfck qufpyf&rnfqkdygvQif xkd&mr½kyf&SifxJrS ]]awmifvHk;ysHyif}} ESifh ,ck

uRefawmfwkdY awGU&Sdxm;aom ]]awmifvHk;jyefyif}} wl rwl qkdonfukdrl azmfjyawmhrnfh aq;tusKd;tmedoifrsm;ukd

Munfh½Ií ynm&SdwkdY qifjcifMuygukef .../

157


2/ acG;ukdufcH&jcif;ESif h awmifvHk;jyefyif ...

wpfaeY uRefawmfonftdrfab; tumysOfrsm;ukd a&eHokwfa&m tdrfatmuf&Sd om;aygufaeaom acG;rS ukduf

vdkufygawmhonf/ xkdtcg ]]tm;}} [k rwkd;rus,f toHxGufoGm;NyD; a&eHokwfonfhudpöukd qufvkyfaerdygonf/

ZGJeyJESifh b,favmufyif qufvkyfaeygaomfvnf; acG;tqdyfonf tcsdefMumvmonfESifhtrQ tpGrf;jyvmygawmhonf/

ajcaxmuf axmufr&awmhyg/ tdrfay:okdY renf;tHBudwfwufcJh&m ZeD;onfu apmapmuatmfoHMum;wmbmjzpfvkdYvJ

[kar;&m acG;ukdufcH&aMumif; NyD;pvG,fajymNyD; aq;cef;oGm;NyD; Akdufukd aq;xdk;cH&rnfhta&; awG;vefYaerd

ygawmhonf .../

rMumrD ZeD;onfu pdrf;a&Ta&T teYHjyif;aom t½GuftcsKdUukdaxmif;í acG;ukduf'Pf&mwGif tHkay;NyD; ywfwD;

pnf;ay;ygonf/ trSefukd0efcH&rnfqdkdvQif xkdt½GuftHkay;onfukd vHk;0txifrBuD;yg/ aysmufrnf[kvnf; rxifyg/

ZeD;onfpdwfauseyfatmif ywfwD;tpnf;cHNyD; naeusrS aq;aMumí aq;cef;oGm;jyrnf[k MuH&G,fxm;ygonf/

okdYESifhyif ywfwD;pnf;NyD;aemufxrif;pm; aepOfrSmyif wqpfqpfukdufí emaeaom acG;qdyft&Sdefonf wjznf;jznf;

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oHpl;vQifjzpfap 'Pf&mrS tem&Sdefonf wjznf;jznf;wufvmNyD; aemufqHk; ajcraxmufEkdifawmhbJ tzsm;yg

0ifvmwwfygonf/

,ckrl xkdt½Guf axmif;tHkí ywfwD; pnf;ay;vkdufuwnf;u wqpfqpfESifh emusOfukdufcJaeaom

acG;qdyfrSm rcHom&mu cHEkdifvmNyD; aemufqHk; tqdyfwufaeaom'PfrSm thHMozG,f vHk;0aysmufuif;

oGm;ygawmhonf/ vlrSmvnf; rzsm;onfhtjyif vef;vef;qef;qef;yif &Sdaeygonf/ vrf;vnf;

jyefavQmufEkdifygawmhonf/ acG;ukdufonfh acG;qdyf'Pfukd 'Dt½Guf aysmufuif;atmif vkyfEkdifNyD qkdwmukdvnf;

aocsmpGm ,HkMunfoGm;ygawmhonf/ 'gaMumifhrkdY ,HkMunfrI tjynfht0ESifh &J&Jwif;wif;yif usef&Sdaeao;aom tykdif;ukd

a&eHqufokwfí nae tm;vHk;NyD;awmh a&rkkd;csKd; xkdt½Gufukd axmif;tHkNyD; topfwpfzef ywfwD; pnf;vkdufygonf

.../

aemufwpfaeY eHeufokdYa&mufaomf emjcif;? ukdufjcif;? a&mifjcif;r&dSawmhbJ vlaumif;wpfa,mufvkd

vrf;aumif;aumif; avQmufEkdifygonf/ acG;ukdufxm;aom ]]oGm;&m}} ae&muawmh ajcmufpjyKaeaomfvnf;

tem'Pf&m tenf;i,fom usefygao;onf/ wpf&uf ESpf&ufMumaomf tm;vHk;aysmufoGm;ygonf/ xkdt½Gufonf

awmifvHk;jyefyifrS t½Gufjzpfygawmhonf/ 'Dtwkdif; axmif;½kHygyJ/ qm;awG bmawG xnfhp&m rvkdyg/ [Ekrmef

aq;yif&Smaom ae&ma'orSm jrefrmEkdifiHrsm; jzpfaeovm;rod .../

(rZdößra'oeJY jrefrmEkdifiH aumif;uifc&D;u vm&if odyfra0;bl;aemf .../)

3/ uifqmusdwfESif h awmifvHk;jyefyif ...

'gu uRefawmfukd,fawGUr[kwfaomfvnf; awmifOuúvm (13)&yfuGuf? ,ó0wD (12)vrf;wGif aechJpOfu

jzpfcJhaom &yfuGufwGif; udpöwpfck jzpfygonf/

tzktusdwfrsm; ausmukef;wGifaygufaom tbkd;tkd\rdom;pkrSm vufvkyfvufpm; aps;onfrsm;om

jzpfygonf/ ¤if;tbkd;tkdrSm touf(70) ywf0ef;usifcefY&SdNyD; ausmukef;wGiftzktusdwfrsm;aygufvmojzifh

aq;½kHokdYoGm;jy&m uifqmusdwf[k owfrSwfvkdufNyD; xkdacwf (1997 ywf0ef;usif) u tajctaet&

cGJpdwfrnfjzpfojzifh aiGESpfaomif;cefY&SmNyD; aq;½kHokdYjyefvmí cGJpdwfukocH&efajymvdkuf&m pdwfraumif;pGmeJYbJ

jyefvmcJh&ygowJh/ bmaMumifhvJqdkawmh aiGESpfaomif;&SmzkdYrajymeJY aiGESpf&m&zkdYawmif wpfaeukef&Smae&wmqkdawmh

vnfpif;cH½kHtjyif bm&SdOD;rSmvJ .../

wkdwkdajymMuygpkdY/ qif;&Jom;&yfuGufqkddawmh 'Dowif;u ysHUxGufvmNyD; tdrfuZeD;onfxH qkdufqkduf

NrdKufNrKduf a&mufvmygawmhw,f/ tdrfuZeD;onfuvnf; 'DawmifvHk;jyefyifeJY ukokdvf,l tb,'gevkyfvmwm

vlawmfawmf rsm;aeNyDcifAsmh/ 'Dawmh vmcJh/ ykdufqHr&SdwJh twlwlawmh 'Dtwkdif; ikwfwkwf xkdifcHraeeJY/ ,loGm;

'Dt½GufawG tylay;NyD; EGrf;oGm;awmhrS a&pGwfNyD;uyfcsifuyf? t7GufawGukd xkaxmif;NyD; tkHcsiftkH ... qdkNyD;

t½GufawG ay;vkdufygw,f/ ESpfywfcefYMumawmh aysmufoGm;NyD; tzktusdwfawGr&Sdawmhb;l/ aygufwJh[muayguf?

158


aysmufwhJ[muaysmuf qkdwJhowif;[m aq;zkd;0g;c wpfjym;wpfcsyfrS r&wJhaq;ukay;yHkukd Mum;uae

yGJMunfhy&dwfowfvkyfaewJh uRefawmfawmif z&PmyDwd *Grf;qDxdovkd wtdtdeJY 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;omjzpfrIawG[m

wpfudk,fvHk;udk ysHUESHYoGm;ygawmhw,f .../

uRefawmfwkdY &yfuGufxJrSm owif;ysHUoGm;ygawmhw,f/ 'Dtyifu t½Gufukd vmawmif;Muwmav

&yfuGufxJu uav;awG qkdwmvnf; aEG&moDrSm o&ufoD;rSnfhawG pm;NyD; acgif;rSm bkBuD;awG aygufuswJhtcsdef

r[kwfvm;? vmawmif;wJhvlawG b,favmufrsm;ovJawmh rodbl; tJ'Daq;½GufukdcGJwrf;csNyD; ay;&wJhAsm/

vlwpfcgvm ESpf½GufpD odyfrMumygbl;/ tyifu t½Guf&ifYawG ukefoGm;ygawmhw,f/ aemuf vmawmif;wJh

vlawGtwGufawmh 'Djyif wpfae&mu oGm;cl;NyD; ay;&ygw,f/ ykdufqHr&wJhtjyif vrf;p&dwfyg? tcsdefyg pkdufxkwf

ukefuscH&ygw,f/ 'gayr,fh 0rf;omtm;&eJY apwemoefYoefYeJY tdrfuZeD;onfu vkyfay;cJhygw,f .../

xkdaq;½Gufonf yHkwGifjyxm;wJh awmifvHk;jyefyifrS t½GufyJ jzpfygw,f/ pkduf&wmvnf;vG,fulygw,f

rkd;wGif;rSm udkif;csKd;NyD; xkd;xm;½kHygyJ/ toHk;vkdw,fqkd&ifjzifh ewfvrf;ñTef vdkufygw,f/ awmifOuúvmyNrdKU &wemaps;

teD;&Sd pGef;vGef;*lausmif;? oHCmawmfrsm;a&oHk;oyf&m ESpfae&m&Sdonfhteuf trkd;r&Sdaom a&csKd;tkwfuef teD;wGif

&Sdygw,f/ aemufwpfae&muawmh awmifOuúvm (16)7yfuGuf? jynfom,mvrf;? trSwf (647) a&SUrSm &Sdygw,f/

aemufwpfcg '*kHNrdKUopf (awmifykdif;) ,Ofaus;rIwuúokdvfteD; atmifaZ,stdrf&m? wkduftrSwf (38)? a&SUrSmvnf;

&dSygw,f/ rnfolrqkd vkdtyf&if awmif;,lNyD; rkd;tcgrSm ukdif;csKd; pkdufyskdK;xm;yg/ rdrdwkdYwifru tdrfem;eD;csif;awG

toHk;wnfhrSmygaemf .../

vrf;ñTefzkdY usefygao;w,f .../ wpfae&mu ouFefuRef;NrdKUe,f? av;a'gifhuef&yfuGuf? uefOD;vrf;? trSwf

(381) a&SUrSmvnf; &Sdygw,f/ aemufwpfae&muawmh '*kHNrKdopfajrmufykdif; (30)&yfuGuf? bk&ifaemifhvrf;

(ausmif;vrf;) trSwf (102) a&SUrSmvnf; awmifvHk;jyefyifukd &&SdEkdifygw,f .../

(rnfonfhvdyfpmwGifyif ,l,l tzkd;tc wpfpHkwpf&m ay;&efrvkdyg .../)

4/ taxGaxGa&m*grsm;ESif h awmifvHk;jyefyif ...

'guawmh ukd,fawGUrsufawGU r[kwfyg/ wpfqifhjyefMum;&wJhowif;yg/ awmifvHk;jyef½Gufukd 0g;NyD; ikHxm;?

NyD;awmh jyefaxG;xkwf/ aemufwpfcg t½Gufopf xyf0g;NyD; ikHxm;? jyefaxG;xkwf/ tJ'Dvkd xyfwvJvJ vkyfay;&if

oGm;ukduf aysmufw,fvkdY Mum;od&ygw,f/ 0ufjcHwkdY rsufpdpGHwmwkdYvnf; tJ'Dt½Gufukd rD;aEG;aEG;eJY tylay;?

a&pGwfuyf? 'grSr[kwf t½Gufukdxkaxmif;NyD; tHktHk NyD;awmh vufpG,fajcpG,f ikwf&ifvnf; xkaxmif;NyD;tHk

ywfwD;pnf;xm; aysmufuif; ukefMuygowJhAsm/ NyD;awmh zsmatmufrSmjzpfjzpf ukwifatmufrSmjzpfjzpf

xm;tdyf&ifvnf; Murf;ykd;awG xGufajy;ukefMuw,f qkdwJhtaMumif; wpfqifhpum;eJY Mum;odcJh&ygw,f/

ykd;aumifrTm;aumifawG ukdufxm;wJh ,m;emawG tzktydrfhawG jzpf&ifvnf; awmifvHk;jyef owåK&nfukd pGwf? tJ'D

axmif;xm;wJh t½GufzufawGeJY yGwfay;&ifvnf; oufom aysmufuif;w,f qkdwJhtaMumif; Mum;odcJh&ygw,f .../

tkd! pm½Iol ynm&Sdtaygif;wkdY xkdawmifvHk;jyef½Gufukd rdrdwkdY ÓmPfrDSovdk qifjcifoHk;pGJí usef;rmrIukd

a&m*guif;a0;rIukd &,lMuygukefavmh .../

5/ oHpl;jcif;ESif h oMum;rI dif; ...

tdrfjyifaqmufwkef;u vuform;q&m acgifrkd;edrfheddrfh tay:u ajrBuD;ay:ckefcsvdkufwm ajrBuD;ay:rS usaewJh

opfom;uoH[m ajcaxmufukd oHwpfqHk; pl;0ifoGm;ygawmhw,f/ awmfawmfukd eufygw,f/ tJ'gukd

vuform;q&mu rD;aoG;cJ tenf;i,fay:rSm oMum;jzL;? oMum;yGifhav;awG rD;cJeJY xdoGm;awmh rMumcif

oMum;rIdif; (taiGU) av;awG xGufvma&m? tJ'DoMum;rIdif; (taiGU) av;awGay:rSm oHpl;wJh ajcaxmufukd

cHxm;ay;½kHygyJ/ oHpl;wJh 'Pf&mxJukd oMum;rIdif; 0ifoGm;atmif vkyfwJhoabmygyJ/ ajcaxmufukd taiGUcH½Hk

oufoufygyJ/ rD;cJESifh ajcz0g;xdp&m rvkdyg/ oHk;av;cgavmuf vkyfay;vdkufwm csufcsif;vrf;xavQmuf?

csufcsif;tvkyfjyefvkyfEkdifygw,f/ aemufwpfaeY tvkyfqif;awmhvnf; taumif;yuwdygyJ .../

159


uRefawmfukd,fwkdif oHpl;awmh tJ'Dtwkdif; vkyfMunfhwm ukd,fawGU aysmufuif;cJhygw,f/ ar;ckdifykd;

r0ifatmif aq;xkd;p&m rvkdyg/ vufawGUrkdY tmrcH&Jwmyg/ uRefawmfqkd cPcP oHpl;zl;w,f/ oMum;rIdif;eJYcsnf;yJ

aysmufuif;cJhwmygyJ .../ vufawGUaemf vkyfomMunfh t[kwfaysmufwm .../

6/ a&,kefESif h oGm;wkdufaq;tjzL ...

Ekwfcrf;pyfrSm a&,kefaygufvQif oGm;wdkufaq;tjzLudk okwfay;yg/ vsifjrefpGm aysmufuif;ygw,f/

tckacwfay:wJh *s,fvDvdkrsKd; tpdrf;a&mif oGm;wdkufaq; aysmhaysmhtdtdawGawmh rxnfhbl; rvdrf;bl;vdkY rodyg/

w½kwfu vmwJh oGm;wdkufaq;? yufqdk;'ifhoGm;wdkufaq; pwJh tjzLawG xnfhvdkY&ygw,f .../

ynm&dStaygif; olawmfaumif;wdkY qifjcif? pOf;pm;? qHk;jzwfí prf;oyfokawoe jyKawmfrlMuygukef .../

o Q o Q o

160


30/ a&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; tu©&mpOftñTef;

u

uAsmOayu©m ...................................................................19

uav;acsmif;qdk;? cRJusyf (acG;ao;yef;) ......................90

uav;acsmif;qdk;? &ifusyf? touf&SLusyf ................ 107

uav;qD;csKyf (MuufoGefeD)........................................ 118

uav;qD;roGm; (MuufoGefeD).................................... 118

uav;ESmydwf (uGrf;½Guf) ............................................. 69

uav;ESmydwf? ESmap;? touf&SLusyf ....................... 107

uav;avxdk;? avatmifh (yifpdrf;) .............................76

uav;Adkufem? oefaumif? wkwf (yifpdrf;) ..................76

uav;tpmraMu? avem? 0rf;oGm; (uGrf;)............. 107

uav;tqkwf? vnfacsmif;a&m*g ............................ 107

uav;tlus? abmus ('ef;BuD;½Guf) ............................66

um;rl;aysmufaq; (csif;? ysm;&nf) ............................ 150

udk;q,fhajcmufyg;aq; (OD;cEÅD) ......................................50

udk;q,fhajcmufyg;aq; (xef;vsuf? MuufoGef)..........52

udk,fa&0g (qifwkH;rEG,f? 'defcsOf) tom;0g..................50

udk,fylus (pm;aqmf'g? oMum;).....................................71

ukd,fylzsm; (acG;ao;yef;? Muuf[if;cg;) ......................90

udk,fwpfjcrf;av;vH (aMumifyef;) ................................88

udk,fa&mifaysmufaq; (zvl;rawmifa0S;) ................ 151

udk,fawGU BuKHrS ............................................................. 156 MuufoGefjzL\ *kPfowåd .............................................. 116

udk,fwGif;"mwfaiGUoefYpif (wpfudk,fvHk;qm;yGwf).......10

ukuúdK .............................................................................. 119

uifqm (wyifEdkifjreef;) ................................................... 9

uifqm ('defcsOf) ...............................................................12

uifqm (om;tdrf) (uGrf;½Guf)....................................... 13

uifqmjrpfyGm;em (y½kwf? 'kw¬m) ....................................63

uifqmusdwf (awmifvkH;jyefyif) ................................. 158

uif;ukdufjcif; (MuufoGefeD) ...........................................70

uif;ukdufjcif; (MuufoGefeD) ...........................................87

uefpGef;½kd;eD.................................................................... 139

uefYuvmESifh plvmezmjcm;em;csuf...............................12

uefYuvmESifh ywfowfí ...............................................12

usD;uef;yg;pyf (xrif;a&yltjr§Kyf) .................................71

urÇmUusef;rma&;tzGJUaqmifyk'f ......................................21

urÇmUenf;vrf; (toHxGufpmzwf) ................................. 7

ausmufuyf (avmufao½Guf) ......................................32

ausmufuyfa&mif (Bwdzv)............................................83

ausmufuyfa&mif ('EÅokc) ........................................... 99

ausmufuyf (qD;) (MuufoGefeD)....................................87

ausmufuyf (zvl;rawmifa0S;).................................. 151

ausmufwnf (uñGwfO)................................................49

ausmufwnf (ukef;xdu½Hk;) ..........................................53

ausmufwnf? qD;atmifh (jynfvkH;csrf;om)..................71

ausmufwnf? qD;tdrf (r½dk;yGifh? EGm;EdkY) ..........................94

ausmufwnf (cHwufacguf) ......................................... 99

ausmufwnf (Mucwf0g;tqpf) ................................... 99

ausmufwnf qD;atmifh ([if;Eke,f) ........................ 109

ausmufwnfqD; (ql;yef;yGifh) ..................................... 149

ausmufz½HkoD;ESifh aoewf'Pf&m..................................10

usyfykwD;em (ukuúdKaph)................................................ 120

usef;rmzdkYenf;vrf;wuspm;aomuf .............................16

usef;rmzdkYoifhawmfwJhtm;upm;vkyf..............................17

usef;rmzdkYaq;vdyfjzwf? t&ufavQmh .............................17

usef;rmzdkY pdwfoabmxm;rQwyg ..................................17

usef;rmzdkYaomufp&mt&nf (6)rsKd; ...............................21

usef;rmouf&Snf (qifwHk;rEG,f)...................................91

Muuf[if;cg;oD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ..........................22

MuufoGefjzLu umuG,fwJha&m*g ..................................22

MuufoGefeDwGifyg0ifaom"mwfrsm; .............................. 117

MuufoGefeDpm;okH;jcif;tusKd; ....................................... 117

BudwfrSef½Guf,dkESifh aysmufuif;a&m*grsm; .....................39

BudwfrSef½Gufokyf ..............................................................39

BudwfrSef½Guf (tpmvnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm) ........47

BudwfrSef½Guf (aq;zuf0if) ............................................57

BudwfrSef½Guf,dkESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm;.......... 127

auGumtkyfaMumifh tqDESihf aoG;wdk;us.......................22

uGrf;½GufESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm; ......................... 1

Muyfxkyfxdk;enf;..............................................................64

BudKUxdk;atmhtH (MuufoGefeD? csif;)..................................45

BudKUxdk; (&Sdef;cdk? rwfyJ) .................................................... 99

BudKUxdk; (oMum;)............................................................. 99

BudKUxdk; (csif;)................................................................. 115

BudKUxdk; (ZD&mjzL) .............................................................118

BudKUxdk; (qD;jzL).............................................................. 125

161


BudKUxdk; .......................................................................... 127

BudKUxdk; (Bwdzv)............................................................ 146

BudKUxdk; (EG,fcsKd) ............................................................. 152

BudKUxdk;aysmufaq;enf;rsm;............................................45

udkufcJ (trsKd;orD;) (aygufyef;jzLyGifh) ...........................93

<uufem;½GufrdIu umuG,fwJha&m*g .............................23

<uufEdkY (0g*Grf;uyf? rD;½dIU) ................................................ 14

<uufEdkY (cHwuf)...............................................................25

<uufEdkY (oabFmyif) ........................................................60

<uufEdkY (yifpdrf;)...............................................................77

c

c&rf;csOfoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ..................................22

c&D;a0;avQmufenf; (rarmatmif) ................................. 7

c½koif; (BudwfrSef? zefcg;)...............................................39

c½koif; ({u&mZfjrpf)......................................................64

c½koif; (yifpdrf;)..............................................................77

c½koif; (BudwfrSef? zefcg;)...............................................89

cg;em? cg;ukduf (oabFm½Guf) .........................................61

cg;em? taMumwuf (ouf&if;BuD;)...............................66

cg;em (qifaygif;qD) .........................................................73

cg;½dk;usD;aygif;wuf (yifpdrf;)..........................................76

cg;udkuf? 'l;udkuf (csif;)...................................................89

cg;ukduf (r½dk;ap;)............................................................94

cg;em (udk,f&HBuD;½Guf) ................................................... 99

cg;em? cg;udkuf (anmifajcaxmuf)............................... 99

cg;em (awmifqD;jzL) .................................................... 127

cg;em? cg;udkuf............................................................... 128

clem ('EÅokc)....................................................................48

clem (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ............................................. 128

cHwGif;ysuf (BudwfrSef½Guf,dk)..........................................39

cHwGif;ysufvQmem (c&rf;csOfoD;).....................................49

cHwGif;ysufvQmem (*kHrif;) ................................................49

cHwGif;ysufvQmyGwfaq; (w½kwfpum;) ........................50

cHwGif;ysuf? tpmraMu (EdkudkO) .....................................76

cHwGif;eHYraumif; (ausmufcsOf? pm;qdk'g) ...................... 79

cHwGif;a&m*g (EG,fcsKd) .................................................... 152

cE¨mudk,fav;vHxdkif;rIdif; (aMumifyef;) .........................88

cEÅD(OD;)enf; (oraxm? ysm;? ayG;).................................42

acgif;udkuf? ZufaMumwuf (uGrf;½Guf) ........................25

acgif;rl; (ysm;&nf? oHyk&m&nf).......................................25

acgif;ukduf (eEGif;? eHYomjzL) ............................................39

acgif;udkuf (oHyk&maph) ...................................................39

acgif;ukduf (iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;) .....................................55

acgif;&dSaAmuf? oef; (MuufoGefeD) .................................87

acgif;ukduf (csif;) .............................................................89

acgif;tkH (trsKd;orD;) (aygufyef;jzLyGifh) ..........................93

acgif;udkuf? rl;a0 (uGrf;½Guf)...................................... 107

acgif;udkuf (yifpdrf;) ..................................................... 109

acgif;yl (ZD&mñdk) ............................................................ 119

acgif;rl; (ZD&mñdk)........................................................... 119

acgif;udkuf (ukuúdK) ....................................................... 119

acgif;udkuf (yifpdrf;) ......................................................123

csdeJYydefcsKH;a&m*g (c&rf;csOfoD;) ..................................... 128

csif;,dkjyKvkyfenf; (1)................................................... 115

csif;,dkjyKvkyfenf; (2)................................................... 115

acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (csif;ajcmuf? zefcg;oD;) ................ 115

acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (&J,dkoD;)............................................. 7

acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (ayG;udkif;½Guf) ..................................25

acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf)..................90

acsmif;qdk;? yef;em (yifpdrf;) ..........................................123

acsmif;qdk;? ESmap; ............................................................ 41

acsmif;qdk;? ESmap; (csif;? ysm;&nf) .................................89

acsmif;qdk;? &ifusyf ..........................................................45

acsmif;qdk;? &ifusyf (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) .................. 107

acsmif;qdk;aoG;yg (zkH;rodef).............................................60

acsmif;qdk;? vnfacsmif;em (yifpdrf;) ...............................77

acsmif;qdk; (csif;) ..............................................................89

acsmif;qdk;? cRJusyf (uav;) (acG;ao;yef;)..................90

acsmif;qdk;atmhtH (yifpdrf;) .......................................... 109

acsmif;qdk;a&m*g............................................................. 120

acsmif;qdk;a&m*g (ukuúdK)............................................... 120

acsmif;qdk;a&m*g (eEGif;).................................................124

csKdif;acR;eHY (xkH;a&Munf) .................................................25

csKdif;acR;eHY (oHyk&moD;) ....................................................65

ajcz0g;qm;yGwf? aysmufuif;a&m*g ................................ 2

ajcuGJem (anmifap;) ........................................................ 3

ajczrkd;a&mif (½Gufusyifayguf)......................................25

ajcz0g;tom;rm? uGJtuf (qD) .....................................26

ajcz0g;uGJtufem (aq;uwå&m) ..................................56

ajczsm;vufzsm;at;? ezl;yl (uifyGef;csOf) ....................85

ajcpG,fvufpG,fikwf (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ....................97

ajcz0g;uGJtufem (iSufaysmyif).................................... 99

162


ajcz0g;uGJtufem (uGrf;½Guf)...................................... 107

acG;udkufvQif (MuufoGefeD) .............................................87

acG;udkufvQif (MuufoGefjzL) ...........................................88

acG;udkufvQif (ra&Smh½Guf) ...............................................94

acG;udkufvQif (awmifvkH;jyef½Guf) ............................... 158

cRJyltzsm; (rif;uGwfoD;) .............................................. 110

*

*Edka&m*g (ukuúdK)............................................................121

*&if*sDem ([if;Eke,f)......................................................47

*&if*sDem (MoZmoD;ajcmuf) ........................................... 99

*&if*sDem (uGrf;½Guf)..................................................... 107

*efY*vmESifh plvmezmjcm;em;csuf...................................12

*efY*vmESifh ywfoufí ...................................................12

i

iSufzsm; (&Sdef;ckd? uGrf;½Guf)................................................ 9

iSufzsm; (aq;cg;BuD;)......................................................26

iSufzsm; (*kH;cg;) ................................................................26

iSufzsm; (uGrf;? 'efYovGef? aq;½Guf) ............................26

iSufzsm; (avmufao½Guf)..............................................32

iSufzsm; (aMumifyef;).......................................................40

iSufzsm; (jrif;cGm7Guf? i½kwfaumif;) ..............................40

iSufzsm; (jrif;cGm? yifpdrf;? i½kwfaumif;) .......................40

iSufzsm; (&dSef;cdk)................................................................64

iSufzsm; (&Sm;apmif;BuD;)..................................................65

iSufzsm; (yifpdrf;) .............................................................76

iSufzsm; (aMumifyef;)...................................................... 99

iSufzsm; (MuufoGefjzL) ................................................. 116

iSufzsm; (ZD&mjzL)........................................................... 118

iSufzsm; (yifpdrf;) ...........................................................122

iSufzsm; (&Srf;aq;cg;BuD;) ............................................ 128

p

pum;roGufavjzwf (oyGwfcg;) ..................................55

pum;xpfjcif; (jrif;cGm½Guf)........................................... 99

pum;xpfjcif; (uGrf;½Guf) ........................................... 107

pjrif;aMumifhAdkufatmifh ................................................. 103

ptdk0,m;jcif; (BudwfrSef½Guf) .........................................39

ptdk0wkwfxdk; (BudwfrSef½Guf) ........................................89

pwkr"l ............................................................................143

pm;r0iftdyfraysmfa&m*g .................................................... 4

pm;oifhaom[if;tr,f ............................................... 139

plvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm;......................... 1

plvmezmESifh aysmufuif;aoma&m*grsm;......................... 9

plvmezmESifh uefYuvmjcm;em;csuf............................... 12

pkdajyjynfhNzdK;tiftm;wkd; (&Sm;apmif;) .............................57

pdwfaMumifh ......................................................................143

pdwfcsrf;omr*Fvm (8)yg;aq; .......................................18

pdwfacsmufcsm;? ESvkH;wkef (qifwkH;? jrif;cGm).................50

pdwfaeoabmxm;rQwyg (usef;rmzdkY) ...........................17

pdwfESvkH;ylyefjcif; (a&xdu½Hk;) ......................................69

pdwfa0'em (uGrf;½Guf) ................................................. 107

pdwfomt"du? aq;0g;u'kwd, ...................................18

pdrf;jyma&ñdS (Spirulina) u umuG,fay;wJha&m*g ..23

pkyf,ljcif; (3)yg; (ajratmufO)......................................21

q

qm;yGwfjcif; (wpfudk,fvkH;)...........................................10

qm;ESifhtzsm;a&m*g .........................................................10

qHyifeufaq; (BudwfrSef? qD;jzL)...................................60

qHyiftwGufenf;wpfvuf ............................................72

qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwf (u&ruf) .....................................85

qHyifjzL? qHyifuRwf (iSufaysm) .....................................26

qHyifjzL (MuufoGefeD) ......................................................87

qHyifeufap&ef (BudwfrSef) .............................................89

qHyifaumif;ap&ef (MuufoGefjzL)............................... 116

qHyifeufap&ef (axmywf? qifwkH;)...........................144

qefjyKwfenf; ("mwfAl;ESifh) (*syef).............................. 149

qefykd;rwG,fap&ef (MuufoGefeD)...................................87

qD;csKd? aoG;csKd (eHYomeDrIefY) ................................................ 5

qD;csKd (awmifqD;jzLyif) ..................................................... 7

qD;csKd ('defcsOf)................................................................... 12

qD;csKd (uif;ykH½Guf)...........................................................27

qD;csKd (wnif;oD;qm;&nfpdrf).......................................52

qD;csKd (ykwD;jzL = awmifqD;jzL)......................................58

qD;csKd? aoG;wkd;? avief; (a&SmufoD;) ...........................64

qD;csKd&dSol xdcdkuf&Sem (ukef;aA'g) .................................70

qD;csKdaMumifhjzpfaomtem (qdyfzvl;½Guf) ..................110

qD;csKd (Muuf[if;cg;).......................................................88

163


qD;csKd (eEGif;cg;)................................................................92

qD;csKd .............................................................................. 100

qD;csKd (ausmufcJa&pdrf) ................................................114

qD;csKd .............................................................................. 128

qD;csKd (oajyacguf) .......................................................141

qD;csKd (Bwdu#Kwf)......................................................... 151

qD;oGm;aoG;yg................................................................144

qD;oGm;aoG;yg............................................................... 150

qD;oGm;aoG;yg? qD;yl? qD;enf; ('EÅokc) ......................48

qD;oGm;aoG;yg? qD;yl? qD;enf; ('EÅokc) ......................40

qD;oGm;aoG;yg? qD;yl? qD;enf; ....................................144

qD;vGefjcif; (cHwuf½Guf) .................................................. 9

qD;vGefjcif; (qdwfzvl;½Guf)........................................ 110

qD;vGefjcif; (ukef;xdu½Hk;) .............................................53

qD;vGefjcif; (OoQpf? csif;)............................................... 99

qD;vGefjcif;? qD;Budwfa&mif (cHwuf) ............................82

qD;vGefjcif; (qD;jzLoD;) ................................................ 125

qD;vGef? qD;cPcPoGm; (cHwuf) ...............................82

qD;vGef? cPcPoGm;? qD;usef .................................. 150

qD;rxdef;Edkifjcif;a&m*gvu©Pm.....................................83

qD;rxdef;EdkifrIowdjyK&rnfhtcsufrsm;...........................83

qD;ausmufwnf (wrm½Guf)........................................124

qD;ausmufwnf (oHrEkdifausmufrEkdif).........................26

qD;ausmufwnf (ql;yef;yGifh) ..................................... 149

qD;ausmufwnf (qD;jzL? eEGif;).....................................26

qD;ausmufwnf (xdu½kH;).............................................26

qD;atmifhausmufwnf (xdu½Hk;jrpf) ............................40

qD;atmifhausmufwnf (jynfvHk;csrf;om).....................71

qD;tdrfausmufwnf (r½dk;yGifh? EGm;EkdY).............................94

qD;atmifhausmufwnf ([if;Eke,f) .......................... 109

qD;ESifhausmufuyf (MuufoGefeD) ...................................87

qD;tdrfausmufuGJ&ef (*sHkKrIefY? ukvm;yJrIefY) ................ 127

qD;tdrfydwfqkdY (rkefvmO).............................................. 129

qD;wpfpufwpfpufus (MuufoGefeD) ............................40

qD;wpfpufwpfpufus (MuufoGefeD) ............................45

qD;a&m*g (wrmoD;)........................................................51

qD;a&m*g (aumuf½kd;jyKwf? oMum;)..............................56

qD;a&m*g (z&JoD;? oMum;) ............................................63

qD;a&m*g (vufzuftpkd? ausmufcsOf)..........................71

qD;a&m*g ('EÅokc) ...........................................................92

qD;a&m*g (MuufoGefeD) ................................................ 118

qD;a&m*g (ZD&mjzL) ........................................................ 118

qD;a&m*g (wrm) ...........................................................124

qD;a&m*g (eEGif;)............................................................124

qD;csKyf (MuufoGefeD) .......................................................40

qD;csKyf (uGrf;½Guf)........................................................ 107

qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (uñTwfO) .......................................49

qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (w½kwfpum;yGifh) ............................50

qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (½Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ........................97

qD;0gcsKyf? 0rf;csKyf (uifyGef;csOf) .....................................85

qD;csKyf? avcsKyf? 0rf;csKyf (ouf&if;BuD;)......................98

qD;? 0rf;? avrSef (abmpukdif;) .....................................93

qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av n§daq; .................................... 149

qD;csKyf? qD;yl? qD;atmifh ............................................ 108

qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (aq;aygif;crJZvD)....................... 129

qD;csKyf? qD;atmifh (cHwuf)............................................90

qD;atmifh? qD;enf;? qD;usef (jrif;cGm)..........................40

qD;atmifh? qD;yl? qD;usOf (ausmufz½kHoD;)..................46

qD;atmifh? qD;yl .............................................................111

qD;atmifh? qD;yl (eEGif;? qD;jzL)......................................55

qD;atmifh? qD;yl (pHy,f? oMum;? ysm;) ........................76

qD;atmifh? qD;ukduf (oHyk&m? ,rf;pdrf;) .......................63

qD;atmifh (BuH&nf? ZmwdyæKdvfoD;) .................................65

qD;atmifh (ukuúKd) ..........................................................121

qD;atmifh (qD;jzLoD;) ................................................... 125

qD;atmifh ..................................................................... 128

qD;usOf? qD;atmifh (ausmufysOf) ............................... 147

qD;rsm;ap&ef (MuufoGefeD) .............................................45

qD;&Tifap&ef (tkef;jrpf)................................................. 100

qD;aMumihfanmif;ukduf (qifwHk;rEG,f) .........................63

qDeD? usef? aemuf (a&xdu½kH;) .....................................69

qD;ylanmif;us (uefpGef;½Guf)........................................86

qD;ykyfa&m*g (qD;jzLoD;) ..............................................110

qD;yl (ausmufz½kH) ........................................................144

qD;csKyf (uav;) (MuufoGefeD) ....................................118

qD;roGm; (uav;) (MuufoGefeD) ................................118

qD;a&m*guif;a0;apzkdY ................................................ 156

aq;vdyfjzwf? t&ufavQmh (usef;rmzkdY) ........................17

aq;0g;u'kwd,? pdwfomt"du ...................................18

aq;zuf0ifBudwfrSef ......................................................57

aq;pGrf;aumif;wpfvuf (eYHomjzL) ..............................72

aq;vnf;tpm? tpmvnf;aq; ............................... 137

qifclvnfjywfem (qifwkH;rEG,f) ..................................40

qifclvnfjywfem (qifwHk;rEG,f) ..................................50

164


qifclvnfjywfem (pG,fawmf½Guf)............................... 100

qifajcaxmuf (acG;v,m;jrpf).....................................46

qifajcaxmuf (r½kd; = ijzLBuD;)....................................49

qifajcaxmuf .............................................................. 100

qifajcaxmuf (csif;) ................................................... 116

qifajcaxmuf (eEGif;) ................................................. 125

qifajcaxmuf(csif;ajcmuf? EGm;usifi,fa&) ............. 129

qifwHk;rEG,fcsufaq; (ÓmPf&SdovkdoHk;) ......................50

qifwkH;rEG,fvQufqm; .................................................144

qHkqkdYem (oabFmoD;tpdrf;)............................................98

qHkqkdYem (aMumifyef;½Guf)............................................. 100

qHkqkdYem (MuufoGefjzL).................................................. 116

qHkqkdYem (oabFmoD;) ................................................... 129

Z

ZufaMumwuf (uGrf;½Guf) .............................................25

ZufaMumwuf (a&Smuf½Guf) ..........................................27

ZufaMumwuf (csif;) ................................................... 109

Zufxkd; (uGrf;½Guf) ...................................................... 107

Zufav; (trsKd;orD;) (aygufyef;jzL).............................93

n

ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (jrif;cGm½Guf? ESrf;qD).......................40

ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (jrif;cGm½Guf) ....................................81

ÓmPfaumif;ap&ef (jrif;cGm½Guf) ...................................... 5

ÓmPf&nfwufzkdY (aMumifyef;) ........................................88

anmif;us ('EÅokc) .........................................................92

anmif;us (awmifZD;jzL)............................................... 110

anmif;us (aMumifyef;) ............................................... 129

anmif;usqD;yl (uefpGef;½Guf)........................................85

anmif;ukduf (qD;aMumifh) (qifwHk;rEG,f).....................63

anmif;ukduf (pHy,f? oMum;? oHyk&m)..........................76

n§if;? wif;wdyf (yifv,fuopfzk).................................85

n§if; (BudwfrSef½Guf).........................................................40

n§if; .............................................................................. 127

nbufqD;cPcPoGm; (cHwuf) .................................82

w

wyifEkdifjreef;ESifh uifqm ................................................. 9

w&dyf&dyfrl;a0 (uGrf;½Guf)............................................ 108

wDbD (tqkwfa&m*g) (i&HUywl½Guf)...............................69

wif;wdyf (uGrf;aygif;) ....................................................... 4

wif;wdyf (tkef;rIwfcGH) .....................................................27

wif;wdyf ('EÅokc) ...........................................................27

wif;wdyf ('EÅokc) ........................................................... 41

wif;wdyf (ijzLBuD;tap;)................................................49

wif;wdyf (oyGwfcg;oD;) .................................................55

wif;wdyf (axmywfoD;taph? ausmufcsOf) ..................59

wif;wdyf (y'kr®mMum½kd;)...................................................63

wif;wdyf (yifpdrf;) ...........................................................77

wif;wdyf (yifv,fuopfzk) ...........................................85

wif;wdyf (xif;½SL;ESpf) .....................................................91

wif;wdyf ........................................................................ 100

wif;wdyf (Muufql½Guf? bl;aph)...................................113

wif;wdyf (tom;vSoeyfcg;) ...................................... 135

wif;wdyf (odaE¨mcJ) .......................................................143

wif;yg;tem*syfjym;BuD; (refusnf;½Guf) ....................... 11

wkdufzdGKuf (tla&mifief;zsm;) (yJeDav;)..........................27

wkyfauG; (uGrf;½Guf) .......................................................27

wkyfauG; (uGrf;½Guf? csif;? xef;vsuf) ...................... 146

wkyfauG; (yifpdrf;) ...........................................................81

wkyfauG; (eEGif;rIefY) .........................................................81

wkyfxkd; (ptkd0) (BudwfrSef) .............................................89

wkyfaumif? oefaumif (uav;) (yifpdrf;)...................76

wpfukd,fvHk;qm;yGwfjcif; ...............................................10

wefaq;vGefab;.......................................................... 127

wdrf (rsufpd) (atmufrJjzLjrpf) .....................................103

wdrf (rsufpd).................................................................. 149

awmifvHk;jyefyif ............................................................ 157

x

xdckduf'Pf&m (&ckdifiSufaysmoD;)....................................27

xdckduf'Pf&m (ausmufcsOf)............................................78

xdckduf'Pf&m ................................................................ 150

xdckduf&Sem (uGrf;pm;xHk;) ...............................................27

xdcdkuf&Sem (qD;csKd&Sdol) (ukef;aA'g)...............................70

xdckduf? zl;a&mif? taMumrsuf (oHyk&moD;)..................61

xl;wJhtmvl; (tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nf) ...............................77

axmywf&JUtpGrf; .............................................................61

xdyfuyfem (BudwfrSef½Guf).............................................. 41

165


xdyfuyfem..................................................................... 129

xdyfuyfem (r½kd; = ijzLBuD;) ..........................................28

xdyfajymifaomf (MuufoGefeD)..........................................87

xkHusOfukdufcJ (Z0ufom? oHvGifqD)............................ 59

xHkusOfukdufcJ (aoG;Ekom;Ek) (&if;jym;).........................70

xHkusOfem (a&SmufwpfvkH;aq;&nf) ............................. 97

xHkusOfem ........................................................................143

xHkempkda&m*g (qifwHk;rEG,f)...........................................51

'

'óepmpkrsm; (tzkd;wefaom) ......................................18

'[wfoukdif? EG,fcsKd .....................................................144

'lvmrD;,yf (ausmufz½kH? xef;vsuf) ...........................28

'lvmrD;,yf (MuufoGefeD? xef;vsuf) ...........................28

'lvmrD;,yftm;wkd;aq; (&Sm;apmif;).............................52

'lvmrD;,yf0rf;ysuf (&Sdef;ckd) ........................................ 109

'lvmjrif;o½kdufem (oabFmoD;).................................. 129

'lvmoa&m (ausmufz½kHoD;)..........................................46

'lvmoa&m (qD;jzLoD;? eEGif;O) .....................................46

'lvmvdyfacgif;aoG;0rf; (tifwGJrIefY) ...............................56

'l;em (a&SmufoD;? MuufoGefeD) .......................................70

'l;em? 'l;ukduf (anmifajcaxmuf) ................................ 99

'l;ukduf? cg;ukduf (csif;)...................................................89

'l;ukduf? cg;ukduf (r½kd;aq;)...........................................94

'l;acgif;tqpftjrpfukduf (wrm)...................................28

'uf................................................................................. 101

'PfaMuvdrf;aq;......................................................... 150

"

"m;&S (ausmufcsOf) ..........................................................78

"m;&S? oHpl;? acG;ukduf (ra&SmY7Guf) ................................94

"mwfrwnfh? tqdyfoifh? wif;wdyf .................................. 4

"mwfrwnfh,m; (qef? eEGif;) ........................................56

"mwf (4)yg;n§d (qD;? 0rf;? aoG;? av)........................ 149

"mwfAl;ESifhqefjyKwf (*syefenf;) .................................. 149

e

ezl;yl? ajczsm;vufzsm;at; (uiffyGef;csOf) ....................85

eEGif;cg;ESifhwnfhol? rwnfhol (aoG;wkd;) .....................141

em&D0ufoHk;rsKd;u umuG,fEkdifwJha&m*grsm; ..................16

emwm&Snfa&m*gBuD;rsm; (jrif;cGm½Guf) ...........................94

emwm&SnfESmap; ......................................................... 102

emwm&Snftzsm; (plvmezm) ........................................103

em;ykd;aumif0if (qm;&nfMunf) ....................................28

em;jynf,kd? em;ukduf (yifpdrf;) .......................................76

em;jynf,dk ([if;*vm) ...................................................29

em;jynf,dk .......................................................................101

em;tl? avxGuf (oabFm½Guf) ...................................... 41

em;tl? avxGuf (aMumif&SmoD;? ½Guf) ..........................29

em;avxGuf (w½kwfpum;yGifY)...................................... 41

em;tl? avxGuf ............................................................101

em;ukdufjcif; (csif;)....................................................... 116

em;ukdufjcif; (csif;)..........................................................89

em;ukdufjcif; (MuufoGefeD).............................................. 41

em;ukdufjcif; (MuufoGefeD)..............................................87

em;ukdufjcif; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf)..................................97

em;ukduf? em;em.............................................................101

em;a&m*g (ausmufcsOf) ...................................................79

em;wGif;em ......................................................................101

em;yif; ..........................................................................101

em;av; ........................................................................ 102

ESvHk;aoG;aMumydwfEkdifw,f? tav;tyif r r, eJY ......15

ESvHk;ckef&yfjcif;taMumif;t&if; ......................................21

ESvHk;a&m*g (acgif;avmif;yef;) ........................................ 11

ESvHk;a&m*g (tlaq;jcif;) ................................................. 11

ESvHk;a&m*g (BudwfrSef½Guf,kd) .......................................... 41

ESvHk;a&m*g (csif;) .......................................................... 109

ESvHk;tm;aq; (om;zGm;NyD;prdcif) ............................... 129

ESvHk;tm;aumif;ap&ef (cs&m; = ca&) .........................57

ESvHk;aoG;aMumusOf; (oHyk&moD;) ..................................29

ESvHk;aoG;aMumusOf; (avmufao½Guf)......................... 32

ESvHk;aoG;aMumusOf; (csif;).......................................... 109

ESvHk;aoG;wkd; (MuufoGefjzL? ysm;&nf)............................87

ESvHk;wkef (jrif;cGm½Guf? qifwHk;rEG,f) ............................ 41

ESvHk;wkef pdwfajcmufcsm; (jrif;? qif)............................50

ESvHk;wkef? &ifckef (emewf? oMum;? ysm;).......................75

ESvHk;wkef? &ifckef? aoG;yl (u&ruf)...............................85

ESvHk;wkef? &ifckef (uifyGef;csOf½Guf).................................85

ESmacgif;ydwf (MuufoGefjzL) .............................................29

ESmacgif;ydwfteHYr& (BudwfrSef½Guf) ................................ 41

ESmacgif;ydwf (uav;) (uGrf;)........................................69

166


ESmydwf? ESmap;? ESmrTef (uav;) (uGrf;) .................... 107

ESmacgif;ydwf (ukuúKd½Guf) ...............................................122

ESmacgif;aoG;,dk (oabFmoD;? oMum;) ..........................29

ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (oHyk&moD;)...........................................46

ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (ausmufcsOf)........................................ 79

ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (uefpGef;O) ............................................86

ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (MuufoGefeD) .........................................86

ESmacgif;aoG;,kd ............................................................ 102

ESmacgif;aoG;,kd (qD;jzLoD;).......................................... 110

ESmacgif;a&m*g (qm;a&aEG;jzwf) ...................................... 3

ESmacgif;a&m*g (yifpdfrf;) .................................................123

ESmacgif;a&m*g (MuufoGefjzL) ....................................... 116

ESmap;? acsmif;qkd; .......................................................... 41

ESmap;? acsmif;qkd; (csif;? ysm;&nf) .................................89

ESmap; (omref) ............................................................. 102

ESmap;? tat;rd (csif;? ysm;&nf) ................................ 115

ESm&nf,dk........................................................................ 102

ESm½SLaq; (csif;? xef;vsuf) ........................................ 115

EkysKdouf&Snf (qD;jzL? zefcg;) .......................................... 44

aeYpOftpm tqdyfajz (xef;vsuf) ................................. 3

aeYpOfpm;oifhaom[if;tr,f ..................................... 139

eHab;atmifh? acsmifqkd; (yifpdrf;) ................................ 109

EYkdacsmif;ydwf (om;rdcif)(i½kwf&Guf)................................56

EYkdacsmif;ydwf? EkdYusdwfa&mif (uGrf;½Guf) ....................... 108

EYkdacsmif;ydwf (wrm½Guf)................................................124

EYkdrxGuf (om;rdcif)(&Sm;apmif;vufyyf)..................... 150

EYkdtkHa&mifwif; (uGrf;½Guf)............................................ 108

EYkdtHka&mifwif;( eEGif;rIefY)...............................................124

enf;vrf;wuspm;aomufyg(usef;rmzkdY)........................16

ESif;cl (a&ykyfajrmif;) ........................................................ 13

ESif;cl (oyGwfcg;oD;) ........................................................55

ESif;cl (ikpyf = zGm;zuf)................................................ 103

ESif;clajcmuf (wrm? uGrf;½Guf).......................................32

ESif;cltpkd (qD;jzLoD;? 'kw¬m) ............................................ 33

ESif;cltpkd (ausmufcsOf) ...................................................78

aemufaMumwuf (&Sdef;ckd? xef;vsuf) ...........................29

Ekwfcrf;uGJ (xrif;&nfql ... tjr§Kyf) .............................71

EG,fcsKd ............................................................................. 151

EG,fcsKd? '[wfoukdif;....................................................144

y

ynmwkd;ap&ef (jrif;cGm½Guf? ESrf;qD)..............................40

yoda&mif (ysOfawmfodrf).................................................37

yoda&mif ..........................................................................84

yoda&mif ('efYovGefjrpf)...............................................113

yg;pyfeH? yg;pyftem (uefpGef;½kd;eD) .................................86

yg;pyfuGJeH ('EÅokc)..........................................................92

yg;usdwfa&mifem (oabFmoD;pdrf;) .................................98

ydpyfyif ukd,fawGUaq;enf;rsm;.....................................69

yJEkdYu umuG,fwJha&m*g .................................................22

yef;*sKHrSm&SdwJh tcs (3)yg;.................................................21

yef;*sKHpm;wJholrSm rjzpfwJha&m*g.....................................21

yef;em? &ifusyf? azma&mif (yJpOf;ikH) ..............................29

yef;em? &ifusyf (a&Smuf? ysm;&nf) ................................29

yef;em? &ifusyf (oabFmoD;okyf) .................................. 42

yef;em? &ifusyf (rk½kd;½Guf) ..............................................70

yef;em? &ifusyf (acG;ao;yef;yif) ..................................82

yef;em? &ifusyf (awmMuufarmufaq;vdyf) ...............82

yef;em? &ifusyf (csif;? ysm;&nf) .....................................89

yef;em? &ifusyf (OoQpf½Guf) .........................................103

yef;em? &ifusyf (yifpdrf;) ............................................. 109

yef;em? &ifusyf (jy'g;)...................................................113

yef;em? &ifusyf (tpm;avQmhpm;) ................................ 153

yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (&J,dkoD;)............................................. 7

yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (ayG;ukdif;½Guf)..................................25

yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (i½kwfaumif;? ysm;).........................90

yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (csif;ajcmuf? zefcg;oD;) ................ 115

yef;em? acsmif;qkd; (yifpdrf;) ..........................................123

yef;em (ausmufz½kHoD;) .................................................. 41

yef;em (qD;jzLoD;)............................................................ 41

yef;em (aMumifvQmyif) .................................................... 41

yef;em (MuufoGefeD?yifpdrf;? xef;vsuf)........................53

yef;em (y'kdif;½Guf)............................................................93

yef;em (uefYyvlO? qifwHk;rEG,f) ................................103

yef;em ('efYovGefjrpf? csif;) ......................................... 129

yef;em (r½kd;? qifwHk;rEG,f) ......................................... 129

yef;em? avem (ausmufz½kHcg;oD;) ................................46

yef;EGrf;jcif; (uGrf;½Guf) ................................................ 108

yef;ao? yef;nd§K; (&SOfYrwufO).................................... 152

yufvufbkdifpu,fpD;jcif;................................................ 4

yifv,ftlem? 0rf;avQ,(ysm;&nf)................................ 11

ydef tqDus? tom;uspf( ausmufcsOf) ........................78

ydefcsKH;csdeJY (c&rf;csOfoD;) ............................................... 128

167


ydefaomfolaoG;wkd;.........................................................141

ysm;&nfppf rppfcGJjcm;enf; ...........................................143

jynfwnfem (u&ruf) ...................................................85

jynfhNzdK;pkdajytiftm;wkd;(&Sm;apmif;) ...............................57

ayG;? ,m;em (ydEéJap;) .....................................................29

ayG;?0J?,m;em (MuufoGefjzLO wpfvHk;) ..........................42

ayG;?0J? ,m;em (MuufoGefjzL) .........................................45

ayG;? 0Jajcmuf (yifpdrf;) ...................................................76

yGef;yJhxdckduf'Pf&m (&ckdifiSufaysm) ................................27

ykd;rTm;ukduf (ausmufcsOf)................................................78

z

zaemuf½kd;twufxGuf (qm;? uGrf;) ...........................30

zsm;? ukd,fyl (acG;ao;yef;? Muuf[if;cg;)....................90

azma&mif (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ...................................... 59

azma&mif (z&JoD;? oMum;)............................................63

azma&mif (OoQpf½Guf) .................................................. 103

azma&mif (ueazmh) ..................................................... 109

azma&mif (ukuúKd) ..........................................................121

azma&mif? yef;em&ifusyf (yJpdrf;ikH) ................................29

zGwfptkdem (xef;EkdY? oyGwfcg;oD;) .............................. 129

A

AdZwfyifukd,fawGU aq;enf;rsm; .................................. 69

Akdufatmifh (tpmrcsufí)............................................ 103

Akdufatmifh (avaMumifh) ............................................... 103

Akdufatmifh (pjrif;aMumihf) ............................................ 103

Akdufem? oef? wkwf (uav;) (yifpdrf;) .........................76

AkdufavhusihfcPf;............................................................. 13

aAmufESifh oef; (acgif;&Sd) (MuufoGefeD) .........................87

b

b&if*sDem ([if;Eke,f)....................................................47

b&if*sDem (MoZmoD;ajcmuf).......................................... 99

b&if*sDem (uGrf;½Guf) ................................................... 107

bmomjyefol\trSmpm....................................................15

abmBuD;a&m*g ('DZ,f? ESrf;qD) ......................................55

abmustlus (uav;) ('ef;BuD;½Guf)...........................66

r

rpm;aumif;aomrIdrsm;....................................................95

rarmatmifawmifwufenf; ............................................ 7

rodvkdYao&wmyg.............................................................15

r,SOfEkdifaomaq;wpfzHk ('[wfoukdif;)....................144

raemr,OD;cEÅDenf; (oraxmysm;ayG;) ........................ 42

rtkdremaq; (BudwfrSef)..................................................89

rdepf0ufoHk;rsKd;u umuG,fay;wJha&m*g ......................15

rD;,yf'lvm (ausmufz½kHoD;? xef;vsuf) .....................28

rD;,yf'lvm (MuufoGefeD? xefvsuf).............................28

rD;,yf'lvmtm;wkd;aq; (&Sm;apmif;).............................52

rD;,yfjzL (zvHawmifa0S;)...............................................30

rD;,yfjzL (qifwHk;rEG,f) .................................................50

rD;,yfjzL (qD;jzLoD;)..................................................... 125

rD;,yfaoG;qHk; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ..............................30

rD;,yfaoG;qHk; ...............................................................132

rD;,yfaoG;vGef (qdyfzvl;yGifh)......................................110

rD;,yfaoG;vGef .............................................................130

rD;,yf (uñGwfO) ...........................................................49

rD;,yftrsKd;rsKd; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ........................... 135

rD;,yfydefvQufqm; (qifwHk;rEG,f)...............................51

rD;zGm;p?om;tdrfukduf (&Sdef;ckd) ..................................... 109

rD;avmifem (iSufaysmoD;rSnfh) ........................................ 42

rD;avmifem (BudwfrSef?yifpdrf;) ........................................ 42

rD;avmifem (uefpGef;½Guf) ..............................................86

rD;avmifemtrm&Gwf (BudwfrSef)..................................... 42

rD;avmifzk (emewf½Guf) ..................................................75

rnf;rnf;csdwfcsdwf wif;wyf( y'kr®mMum) .....................63

r*Fvm (8)yg;aq; (pdwfcsrf;omzkdY) ................................18

rif;wkef;rif;tm;aq; ......................................................91

rl;wl;wl;? pkdYwkdYwkdY............................................................... 3

rl;a0? acgif;ukduf (uGrf;½Guf)...................................... 107

rl;a0 (w&dyf&dyf) (uGrf;½Guf) ....................................... 108

rl;a0 (,mOfpD;pOf) (prkefpyg;) ........................................64

armarmae&if (tkef;ESJ½Guf) ............................................... 7

armyef;? &ifwkef (a&Smuf?xef;vsuf) ............................ 43

armyef;? touf½SLusyf (a&SmufoD;tEk) ......................56

armyef;EGrf;vs (ydwfcsif;? jrif;cGm)................................104

rufuavmif (Muuf[if;cg;½Guf) ..................................46

rsufESmwGefY? ta&;taMumif;aysmufenf; ....................... 3

rsufESmrSJYuGuf? rSJYrnf; (vufonf;ESifh) ......................... 12

168


rsufESmrSJYajcmuf (uGrf;? BudwfrSef) ............................... 104

rsufESmwpfjcrf;ao (BuD;av;aumifaq;) ...................84

rsufpda&m*g (wrm½Guf) ..................................................51

rsufpda&m*g (z&JoD;? oMum;)........................................63

rsufpda&m*g (ausmufcsOf) ............................................. 79

rsufpdpGef (ajcz0g;qm;yGwf) ...........................................30

rsufpd,m; (qm;Muyfxkyf) .............................................30

rsufpdem (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf).........................................71

rsufpdem ....................................................................... 103

rsufpdxdckdufrI (i½kwfaumif;) ........................................64

rsufpdMunf? tanmif;ajy (ajce,fqD) .........................65

rsufpdwdrf (atmufrJjzLjrpf) ......................................... 103

rsufpdtjyifwdrf ............................................................. 149

rsufpdaoG;jcnfwef; (caygif;a&Munf) ....................... 104

rsufpOf;aq; (ukuúKd) ................................................... 119

rsuf½kd;ukduf? Zufxkd; (uGrf;½Guf) ............................... 107

rsuf½kd;ukduf (uGrf;½Guf)..................................................25

ajratmufOawG&JU pkyf,ljcif; (3)yg; ..............................21

ajratmufOpm;wJhvlrSmrjzpfwJha&m*g ............................22

jrif;cGm½Guf ..................................................................... 125

jrif;cGm½Guf ..................................................................... 139

jrif;cGm½Gufaq;zuf0ifykH.................................................... 5

jrif;cGm½Guf (&om,e) touf&Snfaq; ........................ 6

jrif;cGm½GufESifha&m*gpkH .......................................................47

jrif;o½kdufem\vu©Pm.................................................51

jrif;o½kduf? vdyfacgif; (ukef;xdu½kH;) ............................53

jrif;o½kduf? vdyfacgif; (awmoyGwfcg;oD;) .................114

jrif;o½kduf? vdyfacgif; (c0JoD;ajcmuf)........................ 104

jrif;o½kdufem (ukuúKd) ....................................................121

jrif;o½kdufem (wrm).................................................... 125

jrif;o½kdufem (oabFm½Guf)............................................98

jrif;zkem (oabFm½Guf) ................................................. 130

jrpfyGm;em? tzktusdwf? uifqm....................................63

jrpfajcmufem (tqkwfa&m*g) ...................................... 104

jrpfajcmufem (uif;yHk½Guf) ......................................... 130

jrpfajcmufem (tqkwfa&m*g) ...................................... 147

rdwf? ,m;em (yifpdrf;).....................................................76

rdwf? ,m;em (ausmufcsOf) .............................................78

rdwf? ,m;em (u&ruf) ..................................................85

rdwf? ,m;em (ca&yGifh? jrif;cGm½Guf) ...............................42

rSJY? tom;rm (oabFmyif) ...............................................60

rSJYajcmuf (yifpdrf;) ............................................................77

rSJYajcmuf (tom;vSoeyfcg;) ....................................... 135

rIdawmufjcif; (ra&Smh½Guf) ...............................................94

rIdqdyfajz (xef;vsuf? oHyk&m) .......................................95

rIdESifha&mrpm;aumif;aomtpmrsm;................................95

rSwfÓmPf (Am'HqD)...........................................................81

rkHvmOeDu umuG,fwJha&m*g.........................................22

rkwfcg;xkwfvkyfenf; (&Sm;apmif;) ............................... 147

rkwfBuD;a&m*g ('DZ,f? ESrf;qD) ........................................55

rkwfqdwf&dwf"m;&S (ausmufcsOf) ...................................78

a>rqdyfajz (ukef;aA'g) ...................................................... 5

a>rukdufvQif (yifpdrf;) ...................................................123

,

,m;,Hjcif;? "mwfrwnfhjcif; (qef?eEGif;) .....................56

,m;,Hjcif;? tpm;rSm;í (xef;vsuf)............................64

,m;em? ayG;? 0Jajcmuf (yifpdfrf;) ....................................76

,m;em? 0Jajcmuf (oyGwfcg;? Muuf[if;cg;) ................ 32

,m;em ayG; (ydEéJtap;) ..................................................29

,m;em? rdwf (ca&yGifh? jrif;cGm½Guf) ............................... 42

,m;em? oyGwfcg; ............................................................55

,m;em (ausmufcsOf) ......................................................78

,m;em (aeZmjruf).......................................................113

,mOfpD;pOf rl;a0atmhtH (prkefpyg;) ..............................64

a,mufsm;taMumtm;enf; (&SOfhrwufO) .................. 152

&

&aohBuD;OD;cEÅD (96)yg;aq;............................................50

&om,etouf&Snfaq; (o&ufoD;tcGH).................133

a&aEG;ylavmif (oGm;wkdufaq;) .................................... 31

a&aEG;ylavmif (emewf½Guf)...........................................75

a&aEG;ylavmif (uefpGef;½Guf).........................................86

a&zsOf; (av;em&Dyef;) .................................................... 31

a&zsOf; (awmifqD;jzL? &Sm;apmif;) ................................104

a&zsOf;a&m*g? tonf;a&m*g .......................................... 3

a&zsOf; (csuft&uf) ....................................................... 31

a&,kef (uif;ykH½Guf) ........................................................ 43

a&,kef (acG;awmuf½Guf) ...............................................90

a&,kef (oGm;wkdfufaq;) .............................................. 160

a&m*gESifh aq;wnfhatmifay;..................................... 137

&kd;&mtm;aq; (zkH;rodef).................................................93

169


½kd;&mtm;aq; (zD;Murf;ESifh) ............................................91

&ifckef? ESvHk;wkef (emewf? oMum;?ysm;).........................75

&ifckef? ESvHk;wkef (u&ruf) ............................................85

&ifckef (uifyGef;csOf½Guf) ..................................................85

&ifwkef? armyef; (a&Smuf? xef;vsuf) .......................... 43

&ifjynfh? &ifu,f? trl; ({u&mZf)................................ 69

&ifusyf? yef;em azma&mif (yJpOf;ikH)...............................29

&ifusyf? yef;em (a&Smuf? ysm;&nf ) ..............................29

&ifusyf? yef;em (oabFmoD;okyf) ..................................42

&ifusyf? yef;em (rk½kd;½Guf) ..............................................70

&ifusyf? yef;em (acG;ao;yef;½Guf) ................................82

&ifusyf? yef;em (awmMuufarmufaq;vdyf) ...............82

&ifusyf? yef;em (csif;? ysm;&nf) .....................................89

&ifusyf? yef;em (OoQpf½Guf) ........................................ 103

&ifusyf? yef;em (yifpdrf;) ............................................. 109

&ifusyf? yef;em (jy'g;)...................................................113

&ifusyf? yef;em (tpm;avQmhpm;) ................................ 153

&ifusyf? acsmif;qkd; ..........................................................45

&ifusyf (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf)...................................... 107

&,farmjcif;\ tusKd;oufa&mufrI ...............................24

&Sem? xdckduf (uGrf;pm;xHk;).............................................27

&Smapmif;vufyyfESifh csufaq;trsKd;rsKd; .........................51

&Smapmif;vufyyfcsufaq; .............................................66

&Smapmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (r) ..................................... 96

&Smapmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm;? r) .......................... 96

&Smapmif;vufyyfcsufaq; (usm;? r) .......................... 97

&Smapmif;vufyyf (teEÅokccsufaq;) ...................... 147

&Smapmif;vufyyfrS rkwfcg;xkwfvkyfenf; .................. 147

a&Tz½kHoD;u umuG,fwJha&m*g ......................................22

½kyfysKdukd,fEkaq; ........................................................... 108

v

vlü&Sdaomtjrifh (3)yg;....................................................21

avqkdY? aoG;qkdY? tpmqkdY................................................... 3

av½SLjcif;? avpm;jcif; ...................................................... 4

avwGef;tm;enf;? 0rf;csKyf (Akdufavhusifh) ................... 13

avief; (&Sm;apmif;?qifwHk;rEG,f).................................. 43

avief; (&Sm;apmif;? qifwHk;?ysm;) ..................................51

avief;? qD;csKd? aoG;wkd; (a&SmufoD;) ...........................65

avief;jzpfp (zkH;rodef)....................................................93

avief;? aoG;wkd; (a&SmufwpfvHk;aq;&nf) ................ 97

avief;ESifhvHk;0rwnfh ...................................................142

avief;? avjzwf............................................................. 31

avief;? avjzwff (yifpdrf;).......................................... 109

avjzwf (usD;tmoD;)......................................................71

avjzwf? pum;roGuf (oyGwfcg;)................................55

avjzwf (a&Smufaygif;&nf) ......................................... 146

avjzwfjcif;ab; uif;a0;a&; .................................. 145

avema&m*g (qm;rD;zkwf? eEGif;) ................................... 32

avema&m*g (qD;oD;) .....................................................51

avema&m*g (qD;jzLoD;? EG,fcsKd) ....................................82

avema&m*g (zD;Murf;iSufaysmoD;tpdrf;) .....................82

avema&m*g (qD;jzLoD;)................................................110

avema&m*g (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) ............................. 107

avem? yef;em (ausmufz½kHcg;oD;) ................................46

avem? tpmtdrf (eEGif;oHowfa&)...............................58

avaMumifhAkdufatmifh (qifwHk;rEG,f) ..........................103

avxkd;avatmifh (EG,fcsKd)........................................... 152

avxkd;avatmifh (qifwHk;rEG,f) ..................................71

avxkd;? avatmifh (uav;) (yiffpdrf;).........................76

avaq;vQufqm; (qifwHk;rEG,f) ................................91

av? 0rf;? qD;rSef (abmpudkif;) .....................................93

avcsKyf? qD;csKd? 0rf;csKyf (ouf&if;BuD;) ........................98

avvkH;? aoG;vkH; (trsdkkK;orD;)........................................96

avcskkKyf? aoG;csKyf (trsdK;orD;) .......................................96

avcsKyf (MuufoGefNzL) .................................................. 117

avcJ? aoG;cJ (trsdK;orD;) ..............................................96

av;zufem (aNcaxmufqm;a&pdrf)..............................59

vufzsm;? aNczsm;at;? ezl;yl .........................................85

vufpG,f? aNcpG,fikwf (&Sm;apmif;)................................97

vdifOa&mif (ZD&mjzL).......................................................118

vdifOa&mif (ukuúKd) ........................................................122

vdifOa&mif (wkdif;&if;aq;eHygwf - 8).........................143

vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g (&Sm;apmif;) ......................................10

vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g (plvmezm)....................................... 11

vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g (MuufoGefjzL) ..................................45

vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g (aq;jrif;cGm? w½kwfpum;) .........104

vnfyif;BuD;a&m*g .......................................................130

vnfyif;uifqm ............................................................130

vnfacsmif;a&m*g (oHyk&m&nf? ysm;&nf) ......................46

vnfacsmif;a&m*g (csif;)............................................... 115

vnfacsmif;a&m*g ........................................................ 129

vnfacsmif;a&m*g (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf)..................... 107

170


vnfacsmif;em ('efYovGefjrpf).........................................46

vnfacsmif;em ('eYfovGefjrpf).......................................113

vnfacsmif;em? acsmif;qkd; (yifpdrf;) ...............................77

vnfacsmif;uGJem (oabFmoD;tpdrf;) ............................98

vdyfacgif; (xdu½kH;) .........................................................65

vdyfacgif; (&Sm;apmif;vufn§Kd;) ......................................66

vdyfacgif; (w½kwfuefpGef;) .............................................86

vdyfacgif; (oyGwfcg;oD;).............................................. 104

vdyfacgif; (eEGif;rIefY) ......................................................124

vdyfacgif; (aoG;yg) (MuufoGefeD)....................................45

vdyfacgif; (aoG;0rf;'lvm) (tifwGJrIefY) ...........................56

vdyfacgif; (aoG;,kd) (uGrf;½Guf) .................................. 108

vdyfacgif; (jrif;o½kduf) (ukef;xdu½Hk;) ..........................53

vdyfacgif; (jrif;o½kduf) (awmoyGwfcg;) .....................114

vdyfacgif; (tjyifxGuf) (ZD&mnKd) ................................ 118

vSy0NzdK;aq; (axmywf) ...............................................53

vQmem (cHwGif;ysuf) (c&rf;csOfoD;) ................................49

vQmem (cHwGif;ysuf) (*kHrif;) ...........................................49

vQmyGwfaq; (cHwGif;ysuf) (w½kwfpum;) ...................50

vQmem ............................................................................ 130

vQmcifus (yifpdrf;) ........................................................123

0

0NzKd;vSyaq; (axmywf) ...............................................53

0aomolaoG;wkd; ...........................................................141

0domcgaq; (MoZmaph) ..................................................113

0JESif;cl (a&ykyfajrmif;)...................................................... 13

0JESif;cl (oyGwfcg;oD;) .....................................................55

0JESif;cltajcmuf (wrm? uGrf;½Guf) ................................32

0JESif;cltpkd (oyGwfcg; 'kw¬m) .......................................... 33

0Jajcmuf? ,m;em (oyGwfcg;? Muuf[if;cg;) ................32

0Jajcmuf? ayG; (yifpdrf;) ...................................................76

0Jtpkd (a&eHacs;? razmufxHk;) ........................................70

0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf;rsm;.............................................. 33

0ufjcHaysmufaq;enf;rsm;..............................................84

0ufjcH (jrif;cGm½Guf) ..........................................................47

0ufjcH (tom;vSoeyfcg;) ........................................... 135

0rf;ukdufa&m*gaysmufaq;enf;rsm; .............................. 33

0rf;ukduf? 0rf;avQm (a&aEG;? ysm;)................................56

0rf;ukduf (kiss me quick) ...........................................75 0rf;udkuf (rD;uGif;*rkef;) ................................................ 95

0rf;ukduf (qD;jzL? zefcg;).............................................. 146

0rf;ykyfcs0rf;Ekwfaq;....................................................131

0rf;rSef0rf;Ekwfaq; ......................................................... 33

0rf;rSefawaq;ausmf (eef;wGif;oHk;).............................. 33

0rf;? qD;? avrSef (abmpukdif;) .....................................93

0rf;csKyf? qD;csKyf? avcsKyf (ouf&if;BuD;)......................98

0rf;csKyf? qD;0gcsKyf (uifyGef;csOf) .....................................85

0rf;csKyf (qD;jzLoD;) ........................................................130

0rf;ysuf? 0rf;avQm (ydawmufacguf)............................60

0rf;ysuf?0rf;avQm (rif;uGwfoD;) ............................... 109

0rf;avQmaysmufaq;enf;rsm; ........................................ 33

0rf;avQmyifv,ftlem (ysm;&nf) ................................... 11

0rf;rD;nHHHh (tpmrcsufEkdifí) Akdufatmifh .......................103

0rf;rD;EkHY ..........................................................................131

0rf;oGm; (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) .................................... 107

0rf;oGm; (qdwfzvl;½Guf)..............................................110

0rf;a&m*gaysmufaq;....................................................130

0rf;ysuf ('lvmrD;,yf) (&Sdef;ckd) .................................... 109

0rf;ouf (a&xdu½kH;).....................................................69

0rf;cPcPysuf (aMumifyef;½Guf) ............................. 108

0rf;trnf;oGm;aysmufaq; ........................................131

o

obm0tm;aq; (zD;Murf;ESifh)........................................91

owdynmtm;wkd;aq; (jrif;cGm? ESrf;qD) ......................40

orifjzL (ukuúKd) .............................................................122

orifjzL (BudwfrSef? zefcg;)...............................................89

ovdwfuyf? acsmif;qkd; (yifpdrf;? a&Smuf)..................... 34

omrefESmap; ................................................................. 102

om;tdrfuifqm (uGrf;½Guf) ........................................... 13

om;tdrfuifqm .............................................................132

om;tdrfavQmem (acG;v,m;jrpf) ..................................47

om;tdrfukduf (rD;zGm;p) (&Sdef;ckd).................................. 109

om;tdrfa&mif (ZD&mnKd).................................................118

om;tdrfacgif;uRH ............................................................132

om;tdrfus (vufcsm;? ausmufcsOf) .......................... 135

om;tdrftvHk; (rkwfuJaq;) ....................................... 152

om;onfrdcifEkdYacsmif;ydwf (i½kwf½Guf)..........................56

om;onfrdcifEYkdacsmif;ydwf (&J,dk½Guf)............................57

om;onfrdcifEkdYrxGuf (7Sm;apmif) .............................. 150

om;zGm;NyD;prdcifESvHk;tm;ay;aq; ............................. 129

171


om;zGm;vG,faq; (oabFmoD;tpdrf;) ........................132

om;jrwfukdufaysmufaq; ............................................132

aoewf'Pf&m (ausmufz½kHoD;) ....................................10

oHpl;? "m;&S (ra&Smh½Guf) ..................................................94

oHpl; ..............................................................................131

oHpl; (oMum;rIdif;) ........................................................ 159

oHcsaq; (oabFmaph)..................................................... 34

oHcsaq; (emewfoD;? ysm;&nf) .....................................75

oef? wkwf (uav;) (yifpdrf;) .......................................76

oef;? abmuf (acgif;) (MuufoGefeD)..............................87

ouf&Snfusef;rm (qifwHk;rEG,f)................................... 34

ouf&Snfusef;rm (qifwHk;rEG,f)...................................91

ouf&Snfusef;rm (ik? tkef;ESJ? qifwHk;) .......................... 34

ouf&Snfusef;rm .......................................................... 105

oufwhH (&ckdifiSufaysmoD;) ............................................. 34

oifhawmfwJhtm;upm;vkyfyg (usef;rmzkdY) ......................17

onf;ajcxJuausmuf (rJZvDjrpf)................................... 9

onf;ajczsm;(yifpdrf;).....................................................123

onf;ajcaMumifhjzpfaoma&m*g (wrm½Guf) .................124

onf;ajcysufa&m*gaysmufaq; ...................................131

odyÜHynm&SifawGtBuHjyKwJh rdepf0uf(3)rsKd; ...................15

odyÜHynm&SifawGtBuHjyKwJh rdepf0uf(3)rsKd; ...................16

odrfjzLq&mawmfMo0g' ................................................. 156

oGm;ukduf (MuufoGefeD) ..................................................86

oGm;ukduf (rmvumacguf? eEGif;) .................................35

oGm;ukduf (&J,dkoD;jym) ...................................................55

oGm;ukduf (uyfap;ESJoD;)................................................55

oGm;ukduf? oGm;em (eEGif;) ..............................................58

oGm;ukduf? oGm;em (csif;) ................................................89

oGm;ukduf? oGm;ykd;pm; (ausmufcsOf? y½kwf) ................ 79

oGm;ukduf? oGm;zkH;a&mif ('EÅokc) ..................................92

oGm;a&m*g (iydvufav;opf)........................................35

oGm;a&m*g (wrm½kd;)........................................................56

oGm;zkH;a&mif (xHk;) ...........................................................55

oGm;zHkk;a&pD;urf;NydKaoG;xGuf (ausmufcsOf).................74

oGm;zHk;aoG;,kd (uefpGef;½kd;eD) ..........................................86

aoG;wkd; (puúLyef;)..........................................................36

aoG;wkd; (qD;jzL? zefcg;) ..................................................36

aoG;wkd; (MuufoGefjzL)....................................................45

aoG;wkd; (c&myif) ............................................................49

aoG;wkd; ({u&mZf) ......................................................... 69

aoG;wkd; (puúLyef;).......................................................... 11

aoG;wkd; .........................................................................141

aoG;wkd; (avmufao½Guf) ............................................. 32

aoG;wkd; (awmifqD;jzL) ...................................................35

aoG;wkd; (eEGif;cg;? ysm;&nf) ...........................................35

aoG;wkd; (MuufoGefjzL? ysm;&nf)....................................87

aoG;wkd; ('eYfovGef) ........................................................92

aoG;wkd; ('EÅokc).............................................................92

aoG;wkd; (eEGif;cg;) ...........................................................92

aoG;wkd; (abmpukdif;).....................................................93

aoG;wkd; (jrif;cGm) .............................................................94

aoG;wkd; ({u&mZf? rifaomf? jrif;cGm) ......................... 105

aoG;wkd; (0aomol).......................................................141

aoG;wkd; (ydefaomol) ....................................................141

aoG;wkd; (oHyk&maph)......................................................141

aoG;wkd;? avief;? qD;cdsK (a&SmufoD;) ...........................65

aoG;wkd;? avief; (a&SmufwpfvHk;aq;) ........................97

aoG;wkd;ESifhtqDus (auGumtkyf)..................................22

aoG;wkd; (eEGif;cg;wnfhol^rwnfhol)...........................141

aoG;wkd;ESifhvHk;0rwnfh ..................................................142

aoG;wkd;ESifhrSefuefaomowd&SdrI ...................................142

aoG;csKd? qD;csKd (eHYomeDrIefY) ................................................ 5

aoG;aMumusOf; (csif;) .................................................. 109

aoG;yspfcRJwwfwJhvlpm; ................................................23

aoG;yspfa&m*g (uefpGef;½kd;eD) .......................................... 13

aoG;tm;wkd;aq; (axmywf).........................................53

aoG;Ekom;Ek? xHkusOfukdufcJ (&if;jym;) ..........................70

aoG;om;rrSef (pHy,f? oMum;? oHyk&m)........................76

aoG;0rf;? vdyfacgif;? 'lvm (tifwGJrIefY) ..........................56

aoG;0rf;? aoG;tH (uefpGef;O).........................................86

aoG;0rf;? aoG;tH (rD;uGif;*rkef;) ...................................95

aoG;0rf; (uefpGef;½dk;eD) ...................................................86

aoG;0rf; (qD;jzLoD;) ......................................................110

aoG;qkHkk; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf) ...................................... 135

aoG;qkHkk; (rD;,yf) (&Sm;apmif;) ........................................30

aoG;qkHkk; (rD;,yf) ...........................................................132

aoG;tH? aoG;ouf (c&rf;csOfoD;) ..................................35

aoG;uifqm (rD;uGif;*rkef;)............................................35

aoG;uifqm (BudwfrSef) ............................................... 127

aoG;yg? acsmif;qkd; (zkH;rodef) ..........................................60

aoG;qkdY? avqkdY? tpmqkdY................................................... 3

aoG;vHk; (r½kd;yGifh? ESrf;qD) ...............................................94

aoG;vHk;? avvkH; (trsKd;orD;)........................................96

172


aoG;csKyf? avcsKyf (trsKd;orD;) ...................................... 96

aoG;cJ? avcJ (trsKd;orD;) ............................................. 96

aoG;? avn§daq;...........................................................132

aomufp&mt&nf (6)rsKd; (usef;rmzkdY)...........................21

O ^ t

Oayu©muAsm ...................................................................19

OD;aESmuftm;aq; (Am'HoD;? ysm;&nf) ...........................81

OD;aESmuftm;aq; (Am'HoD;? axmywf).........................81

OD;aESmuftm;aq; (ZD&mndK)......................................... 118

OD;aESmuftm;aq; (yef;oD;,kd).....................................134

OD;aESmufemusOfukduffcJ (csif;ajcmuf) ...........................134

OD;acgif;&Sdykd; (wrm7Guf).................................................124

taMuma&m*g (aqmif;ESif;&nf) ..................................... 11

taMuma&m*g (BudwfrSef½Gufokwf)................................. 43

taMumwuf (&Sdef;ckd?xef;vsuf) ....................................29

taMumwufcg;em (ouf&if;BuD;) .................................66

tusdwfrsm; (yifpdrf;).......................................................76

tusdwfvHk;? tzkvHk; (ausmufcsOf? ysm;) ...................... 79

tukduftcJaysmuf (ausmufcsOfrD;azmuf)....................63

tcsoHk;yg; (yef;*sKH)...........................................................21

tckd;ydwf? taMumwif; (uGrf;½kd;)...................................57

tpm;vnf;aq;? aq;vnf;tpm.............................. 137

tpmqkdY? aoG;qkdY? avqkdY................................................... 3

tpmtqdyfajzyg (xef;vsuf) .......................................... 3

tpmtqdyfjzpfvQif (ra&Smh½Guf) .....................................94

tpmrSm;í ,m;,Hjcif; (xef;vsuf)..............................64

tpmrSm;? trl;a&m*g ({u&mZfjrpf)............................... 69

tpmraMucHwGif;ysuf (EkdukdO)........................................76

tpmraMu (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) ................................ 107

tpmtdrftemaygufjcif; (EkdukdO) ....................................76

tpmtdrfuifqm (aq;tkd;ykwf) ...................................132

tpmtdrfopf (ukuúKd).................................................... 120

tpmtdrfa&m*g (oabFmoD;rSnfh)....................................36

tpmtdrfa&m*g (oabFm½Guf? EG,fcsKd) ............................36

tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;pdrf;O? ysm;&nf) ...........................36

tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;rIefY?uGrf;pm;xHk;) ..........................36

tpmtdrfa&m*g (iSufaysmoD;pdrf;) .................................. 43

tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;O? ysm;&nf) .................................. 43

tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;O? ysm;&nf) ..................................46

tpmtdrfa&m*g (eEGif;cg;) ................................................92

tpmtdrf? tlodrfOD;tem (EkdukdO)....................................76

tpmtdrf? ava&m*g (eEGif;oHowfa&) .........................58

tqkwf (wDbD) (i&HUywl½Guf).........................................69

tqkwf (wDbD) ..............................................................104

tqkwf (wDbD) (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) ........................ 107

tqkwf (wDbD) ..............................................................143

tqkwf (wDbD) ............................................................. 147

tqkwfa&m*gppfwrf; ................................................... 146

tqpftjrpfukduf (wrmaph) ..........................................28

tqpftjrpfxHkusOfukdufcJ (Z0ufom)..........................59

tqpfukduf (wrm) .......................................................124

tqpfa&mif (w½kwfpum;yGifh) .......................................59

tqpfa&mif (Muuf[if;cg;oD;tEk) ...............................88

tqpftjrpfa&mif (csif;) .................................................89

tqpfa&mif (yifpdrf;) ................................................... 109

tqpfa&mif (csif;ajcmuf? qifwHk;rEG,f).....................132

tqDeJYaoG;wkd;us (auGumtkyf) ....................................22

tqDwkd;usap&ef (a7SmufwpfvHk;aq;) ........................97

tqDus? tom;uspfydef (ausmufcsOf) ..........................78

tqdyfoifhjcif;? "mwfrwnfhjcif; (wif;wdyf) ................... 4

tqdyfoifhjcif; (uefpGef;½Guf) .........................................86

tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;ukduf (ausmufcsOf) ..................................78

tqdyf&Sdykd;rTm;ukduf (MuufoGefeD) ..................................87

twufa&m*g (oHyk&moHowf&nf)................................59

tanmif;ajy? taMumajy (ajce,fqD) ..........................65

temrD; (ausmufrD;aoG;).................................................. 7

temrD;? tempuf (½Gufusyifayguf) ............................36

temrD;? temvQH (i&HUywl½Guf).......................................69

teEÅokccsufaq; (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf)..................... 147

temayguf? xdckduf'Pf&m ........................................... 150

temayguf ........................................................................ 43

temayguf (ijzLBuD;tap;) ............................................50

temayguftkHaq; ........................................................104

temayguf (MuufoGefjzL) ............................................ 116

temayguf (qD;csKdaMumifh) (qdyfzvl;).........................110

tema[mif;? temaqG; ('EÅokc) ..................................92

tema[mif;? temaqG; (rD;uGif;*rkef;).........................96

tema[mif;? temaqG; (&Sm;apmif;) .............................97

tema[mif; (acG;awmuf½Guf) ......................................90

tem*syfjym;BuD; (refusnf;½GufMuyfxkyf) ..................... 11

temyqkyf (xdu½kH;) .......................................................53

temref; (emewf½Guf) .....................................................75

173


tema&mif&rf;jcif; (acG;ao;yef;) ..................................90

temvHk;BuD;rsm; (yifpdrf;)................................................76

tem? tzk? tusdwf (ausmufcsOf? ysm;&nf)................ 79

tylusdwf (eEGif;cgO) ........................................................72

tylusdwf (uefpGef;½kd;eD) ..................................................86

tylavmifem (iSufaysmoD;rSnfh) .....................................56

tylavmifem (rD;uGif;*rkef;) .......................................... 95

tylBuD;í tysif;zsm; (u&ruf) ....................................85

tylacsmif;ajcmuf ('EÅokc) .............................................92

tysKd ttkd tvScsufaq; (&Sm;apmif;) ....................... 136

tjyifwdrf (rsufpd) ........................................................ 149

tzkd;wefaom'óepmpkrsm;...........................................18

tzktusdwf (&ckdifiSufaysmoD;) ...................................... 34

tzktusdwf (uifqm - jrpfyGm;em) (y½kwf).................63

tazmusaq; (ukef;xdu½kHk;) ........................................53

tazma&m*g (aMumifyef;? ouf&if;BuD;).......................88

tazmta&mif (plvmezm? ueazmh)............................133

tazmta&mif (ausmufuyf)...................................... 151

tzsOf;a&mifa&m*g (ukuúKd) ............................................121

tzsm;aysmuftm;aq; (vif;ae) .................................. 97

tzsm;jzwfaq; (tifMuif;qifh) ................................... 101

tzsm;cRJyl (rif;uGwfoD;) .............................................. 110

tzsm;av;rsKd; (a&cJtkyfoifh roifh).............................141

tzsm;a&m*gESifhqm; ........................................................10

tjzLqif; (zD;Murf;? oMum;)..........................................67

tjzLqif; (pHy,f? oMum;? oHyk&m) ...............................76

tjzLqif; ('EÅokc)...........................................................92

tbkd;BuD;rsm; armarmae&if (tkef;ESJ½Guf)....................... 7

trm&Gwf (BudwfrSef) ........................................................42

trm&Gwf (jrif;cGm? BudwfrSef) .......................................... 43

trm&GwftjzLuGuf (BudwfrSef) .......................................88

trl;a&m*g (tpmrSm;) ({u&mZf) .................................. 69

trl;aysmufaq; (csif;? ysm;&nf) ................................ 150

tarma&m*g (jrif;cGm? ydwfcsif;)....................................134

tjrifh (3)yg; (vlü&Sd) ........................................................21

tNrHKaysmufaq; (rkefnif;aph) ......................................133

trsKd;orD;tjzLqif; (zD;Murf;? oMum;).........................67

trsKd;orD;tom;ta&,m;? trnf;uGuf.....................88

trsKd;orD;ukdufcJ?acgif;tkH (aygufyef;jzL) .......................93

trsKd;orD;a&m*g (ouf&if;BuD;) .....................................98

trsKd;orD;aoG;vHk;? avvHk; ........................................... 96

trsKd;orD;aoG;csKyf? avcsKyf........................................... 96

trsKd;orD;aoG;cJ? avcJ...................................................96

trsKd;orD; rD;,yfaoG;vGefem (qdyfzvl;) ...................110

ta&jym;a&m*g (r½kd;? ysm;&nf) ......................................94

ta&jym;a&m*g (MuufoGefjzL) ..................................... 116

ta&jym;a&m*g (ukuúKd) .................................................122

ta&jym;a&m*g (yifpdrf;) ...............................................123

ta&;tMumif;ESifh rsufESmwGefYwm ................................... 3

t&ufavQmh? aq;vdyfjzwf (usef;rmzkdY) ........................17

t&ufrl;vGef (ra&Smh½Guf)................................................94

t½kd;BuD;aygif; (a&Smuf½Guf? Muuf[if;cg;) ...................61

t½kd;BuD;aygif; (yifpdrf;) ...................................................76

t½kd;twufxGuf (qm;? uGrf;½Guf) ..............................30

t½kd;usKd;tuf? tqpfvGJ (qifwHk;) ................................36

tav;tyif r r, eJY ESvHk;aoG;aMumydwfr,f..............15

tom;rm? uGJtuf (qD)..................................................26

tom;rm (wrm½Guf? *sKHrIefY) ...........................................60

tom;rm (oabFmyif) ....................................................60

tom;ywf? tom;uGJ (&Sm;apmif;) ................................37

tom;ywf (vdar®mfcGH)....................................................133

toHxGufpmzwfjcif; (urÇmYenf;vrf;) ........................... 7

toH0if? toHuyf ('efYovGefjrpf) .................................46

toH0if? toHrxGuf (i½kwfaumif;? ysm;&nf).............90

toH0if? toHysuf........................................................ 105

toH0if? toHuyf (jynfyef;nKd) ................................. 108

toH0if? toHysuf (csif;) ............................................ 115

toH0if? toHysuf (MuufoGefjzL) ............................... 117

touf&Snfaq; (BudwfrSef)............................................ 43

touf&Snfaq; (jrif;cGm) ............................................... 43

touf&Snfaq; (axmywf) ..........................................53

touf&Snfaq; (o&ufoD;pdrf;tcGH) ..........................133

touf&SnfEkysKd (qD;jzL? zefcg;) ...................................... 44

touf½SLusyf? armyef; (a&SmufoD;Ek) ..........................56

touf½SLr0 (emewf? oMum;? ysm;) .............................75

touf½SLusyf (uav;) (uGrf;½Guf) .......................... 107

toufBuD;trsKd;om;tm;enf;a&m*g .......................... 109

toufBuD;olrsm; pm;r0if? tdyfraysmf ............................ 4

tonf;a&mif? tom;0g (qD;jzL? zefcg;)........................36

tonf;a&mif? tom;0g ('ef;BuD;) .................................37

tonf;a&mifESifh a&zsOf;a&m*g......................................... 3

tonf;a7mif (ukuúKd) .................................................. 120

tonf;a&mif .................................................................144

tonf;BuD;a&m*g (oabFmoD;) ...................................133

174


tonf;BuD;a&m*g (ay½Guf)............................................64 tm;enf; (oufBuD;trsKd;om;) (&Sdef;ckd) ...................... 109

tonf;a&m*g? bDykd; (awmifZD;jzL) .................................. 7 tlaq;jcif; (ESvHk;a&m*g) ................................................. 11

tonf;ajcmuf (&Sm;apmif;vufyyf)..............................65 tla&mifief;zsm; (wkdufzdGKuf) (yJeDav;)..........................27

tonf;tqDzHk; (csif;) .................................................. 109 tlusa&m*g (BudwfrSef½Guf,dk) ......................................... 44

tom;0g (pyg;vif)..........................................................37 tlus? abmus (uav;) ('efBuD;½Guf) .........................66

tom;0g (pyg;vif)..........................................................50 tlusa&m*g ...................................................................133

tom;0g (qifwHk;rEG,f? 'defcsOf).....................................50 atmhtHrl;a0 (,mOfpD;pOf) ...............................................64

tom;0g (uifyGef;csOf).....................................................85 atmhtHacsmif;qdk; (yifpdrf;) .......................................... 109

tom;0g (ikBuD; - zGm;zuf)............................................90 tiftm;jynfhNzdK;tvSwkd; (pHy,f? ESif;qD) .......................76

tom;0g ....................................................................... 105 tiftm;jynhfNzdK;pkdajy (&Sm;apmif;) ...................................57

tom;0g (awmifqD;jzL)................................................ 110 tifMuif;qifhtzsm;jzwfaq; ........................................101

tufpy&if (Aspirin) awG raomufMuygeJYawmh .......23 tom;0g (eEGif;).............................................................124

tom;0g (jrif;cGm? c0JoD;ajcmuf) .................................133 tufppfylavmif (uGrf;½Guf? oMum;)............................37

tom;0g (rufvifcsOf) ..................................................143 tdEd,ESifhwrm................................................................123

tom;0g (ukef;xdu½Hk;) ................................................144 tkef;rIwfcGufeif;enf; ................................................. 155

tom;ta&pkdajy&ef (aygufyGifh) .....................................93 tkef;rIwfcGufeif;vQif a&Smif&rnfhudpö......................... 155

tat;rd?ESmap; (csif;? ysm;&nf) .................................. 115 tkef;rIwfcGufeif; aysmufuif;a&m*grsm;..................... 155

taxGaxGa&m*grsm; (awmifvHk;jyef) .......................... 159 tdyfraysmf pm;r0ifa7m*grsm; ............................................ 4

tmoD;a&mif (ysOf;awmfodrf)...........................................37 tdyfraysmfvQif (axmywf) ..............................................53

tmoD;a&mif......................................................................84 tdyfraysmfvQif ('efYuRJ½Guf)..............................................71

tmoD;a&mif ('efYovGefjrpf) ..........................................113 tdyfraysmfwJha&m*g (ausmufcsOf) ...................................79

tmvl;pdrf;azsmf&nf..........................................................77 tdyfraysmf? ESvkHk;wkef&ifckef ..............................................85

tm;wkd;aq; (MuufoGefeDaph).........................................45

tm;wkd;aq; (zD;Murf;ESifh ...) ..........................................50

tm;wkd;aq; (rif;wkef;rif;)............................................91

tm;wkd;aq; (MuufoGefjzL) ......................................... 117

tm;ukefvQif (zefcg;oD;)............................................... 110

o Q o Q o

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176


" pmudk; "

(1) plvmezmESifh aq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (1) - om*'dk;

(2) plvmezmESifh aq;enf;aq;yifrsm; (2) - om*'dk;

(3) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (1) - armifarmifvdIif (tyfpdkufuk)

(4) usef;usef;rmrmtouf ... 100? pmtkyf (2) - armifarmifvdIif (tyfpdkufuk)

(5) jrefrmhaq;NrD;wkdrsm; - ae0if; (vef'ef)

(6) ½Guf? acguf? jrpf? oD; aq;enf;(1000)? wkdif;&if;jrefrmtdrfokH;aq;rsm; - OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYOD;)

(7) rD;zkdacsmifrS aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; (yxrwGJ) .../ - OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYOD;)

(8) rD;zkdacsmifrS aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; ('kwd,wGJ) .../ - OD;vScif (qef;ñGefYOD;)

(9) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf(1) - eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzJGU

(10) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf (2) - eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJU

(11) aq;NrD;wkda&mifjcnf (3) - eu©wåa&mifjcnfr*¾Zif;? pmwnf;tzGJU

(12) azGazG&Sm&Smwdkif;&if;aq;ynm - a'gufwmatmifEdkif (aq;okawoe)

(13) a&m*gokw? aq;okw - a'gufwmatmifEkdif (aq;okawoe)

(14) vufawGUtoHk;0if ½kd;&maq;yifESifh aq;enf;rsm; .../ - armif,OfEG,f

(15) touf&Snf&m temrJhaMumif; aq;pGrf;aumif;rsm; - q&mBuD;OD;csrf;

(16) aq;zuf0ifuGrf;wpf½GufESifh taray;aomaq;enf;wkdrsm; - OD;cefYausmf

(17) yGJawGUukxHk; - atmifukdEkdif

(18) pm;yifoHk;yif aq;zuf0if - OD;vS'if

(19) ckepfaeYom;orD;rsm; xkdokdYjzpfvQif þokdYvkyfyg .../ - okawoDjrifhxGef;

(20) trsKd;orD;a&m*g odaumif;p&mESifh umuG,fukoenf;rsm; - q&mjrifh (pMumrif;)

(21) rpm;wwfvQifab;jzpfonfESifh trsKd;orD;rsm;vufpGJ - aroBuFef (ynma&;)

(22) aq;ukd&Sm tpmrSmawGU - 0PÖrmvm B.A (History) (23) qD;csKdqkdaom xkda&m*g - rauG;0if;jrifh

(24) aoG;wkd;? avjzwf? OD;aESmufaMumjywf&jcif; taMumif;&if; - rauG;0if;jrifh

(25) vlxJuaq;ynm - rauG;0if;jrifh

(26) uRefawmfESifhaq;avmu? aq;avmuESifhuRefawmf - rauG;0if;jrifh

(27) usef;usef;rmrm? csrf;csrf;omom - rauG;0if;jrifh

(28) tkef;rIwfcGufeif; a&m*guif; - rauG;0if;jrifh

o Q o Q o

177

myanmar traditional-medicines

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