Mycotoxins in Ruminants for Food Safety

反刍动物霉菌毒素对食品安全的危害

by Scott Fleetwood, Ph.D.

Executive Director Global Industry and Government Policy and Affairs

全球产业政策与政府事务执行理事，诺伟司国际公司

A Safe Food Supply Is Critical

食品安全是关键

• Consumers must have a high level of trust that the food they eat is safe

消费者必须高度信任他们所吃的食品是安全的

• Outbreaks of food borne diseases damage the reputation of the suppliers in the chain individually and collectively食源性疾病的爆发损害了食品供应链中个别或者全体供应商的声誉

• Understanding and implementing best practice processes will help ensure a safe food supply and trust with consumers around the world.理解和实施最佳食品安全生产管理将确保全球性的安全食品供应和消费者信赖

The Novus Story

诺伟司故事• Born in 1991 out of the scientific heritage of Monsanto 成

立于 1991 年，科技源于孟山都公司

• Growing under Mitsui & Co. (USA) Inc. and Nippon Soda Co, Ltd. 成长于三井物产（美国）有限公司和日本曹达有限公司

• Multiple Product Families Based on Science 丰富的产品系列均基于科学的研究

• Portfolio Leveraged Across Multiple Species in Global Markets 在全球市场跨越多个物种的产品组合

• Team of Industry Experts with Deep Market Knowledge 由具备深厚市场知识的行业专家组成的团队

• Programs Designed to Address Customer ROI & Challenge 旨在满足客户的投资回报率和解决问题的产品方案

The Novus Story诺伟司故事

• Sales totaling 1.1 Billion USD 销售总额近 1.1 亿美元

• Over 900 employees around the world 全世界有 900 多名员工

• Conducting business in over 95 countries 业务遍及 95 个多国家

• Serving more than 2500 customers globally 服务全球 2500 多名客户

Vision/ 远景To help feed the world affordable, wholesome food and achieve a

higher quality of life. 为全球提供质优、价廉的健

康食品，实现优质生活。

Mission/ 使命Make a clear difference in

sustainably meeting the growing global needs for nutrition and

health. 在可持续满足全球营养和健康需

要上，作出显著成绩 。

The Novus Story

诺伟司故事

生产性能 动物福利

食品安全环境保护

Food Safety Activity in China

中国食品安全行动

Mycotoxin occurrence in feed and feedstuffs of China in 2009

中国饲料中的霉菌毒素污染情况 ,2009

All Samples

Corn Feed Fermented Corn By-product

Wheat & Wheat Bran

SBM/CSM/RSM

Co-occurrence of mycotoxins in 244 China samples (feed and feedstuffs), 2009

244 种中国饲料和原料中霉菌毒素污染情况， 2009

No mycotoxins detected

1 mycotoxin detected

2 mycotoxins detected

3 mycotoxins detected

4 or more mycotoxins detected

Fact: Some rumen microbes (and protozoa) degrade myxotoxins

事实 : 反刍动物瘤胃微生物能降解霉菌毒素

BUT BUT HOW MUCH?HOW MUCH?

但是，降解多少？但是，降解多少？

Natural Bioconversion in the Rumen瘤胃自发的生物转化能力

Metabolized

（降解）Non- Metabolized

（未降解）Aflatoxin

黄曲霉毒素0-42 % 58 – 100 %

Zearalenone

玉米赤霉烯酮90 %

-Zearalenol 10 x more oestrogenic

10 %

BUT oestrogenic metabolites

DON

呕吐毒素 35 %Rumen-pH sensitive

65 %

Ochratoxin A

赫曲霉毒素 AHigh ? ?

Jouany and Diaz 2005

Ruminal Detoxification 反刍动物的解毒作用

Sources of mycotoxins for ruminants反刍动物霉菌毒素的来源

Feed supply - Grain 谷物饲料 - Forage 干草料

- Silage 青贮料- Pasture 牧草

Bedding - Straw 稻草牛舍 - Litter 垫料

Dust灰尘

AfB1 ZON DON FUM B1 T2

positive %阳性检出率 57.9 35.3 100.0 23.1 44.4

Average ppb 平均值 ppb

12 3716 559 602 156

median ppb 中值 ppb

12 942 306 361 115

Mycotoxin contamination in silage, hay and corn straw samples, China (n=19)

中国青贮料，干草和秸秆霉菌毒素污染调查

Aflatoxin M1 Levels in Lactating Dairy Cattle哺乳期牛奶中黄曲霉毒素M1水平

Diaz et al. Mycopathologia 2004

添加黄曲霉毒素

去除黄曲霉毒素

天

Feed : Milk =Feed : Milk =2%2%

饲料：牛奶 饲料：牛奶 =2%=2%

China regulation: AFB1 limits in feed and feedstuffs

GB 13078-2001 ， ppb

中国政府对饲料及原料中黄曲霉毒素 B1 的浓度限制

Feed type Allowance （ ppb ）

Corn 玉米≤50 Peanut meal, rapeseed meal, cotton seed meal

花生饼，菜籽，棉籽 Soybean meal 豆粕 ≤30 Dairy cattle concentration supplement 奶牛精料 ≤10

Beef cattle concentration supplement 肉牛精料 ≤50

China regulation: OTA and ZON limits in feed and corn

GB 13078.2 -2006 ， ppb

中国政府对饲料及玉米中赫曲霉毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮的浓度限制

Feed type Allowance （ ppb ）

OTA赫曲霉毒素

Compound feed, corn复合饲料，玉米 ≤ 100

ZON玉米赤霉烯酮

Compound feed, corn复合饲料，玉米 ≤ 500

China regulation: DON limits in feedGB 130subtitil78.3 -2008 ， ppm

中国政府对饲料中呕吐毒素的浓度限制

Feed type Allowance (ppm)

Compound feed for calf小牛复合饲料 ≤ 1

Compound feed for lactation animal泌乳期复合饲料 ≤ 1

Compound feed for cattle普通牛复合饲料

≤ 5

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What is a safe level of Mycotoxin?

霉菌毒素的允许含量是多少？• There are NO safe levels 没

有允许含量

• Risk is dependent on the concentration 霉菌毒素的危害性程度取决于其存在的浓度

• Depends on the presence of other mycotoxins 取决于其他霉菌毒素存在与否

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Mycotoxin management霉菌毒素管理• Mycotoxins are the drop that fills the cup. They

showcase deficiencies in production and management programs霉菌毒素的存在可以反应企业在生产和管理过程中存在的问题

• Subclinical losses are also key 无临床症状所造成的损失同样不容忽视

• Total nutrition 综合营养管理方案– Mineral/vitamin nutrition补充有机微量元素 /维生素 – Amino Acid nutrition补充氨基酸– Gut health (MOS, Yeast, Organic Acids) 维护肠道健康（ MOS、酵母、有机酸）– Feed quality/stability of nutrients (Vitamin E) 确保营养物质的品质 /稳定性（维

生素 E ）– Link between nutrition and health把营养与健康相结合

Obrigado Merci

Gracias

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谢谢 Asante sana

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