myf 7 fkug;gutj;ij ghpe;jnfhs;sy; (understanding adolescence) · dr.c.thanavathi v.o.c.c.e. unit...

DR.C.THANAVATHI V.O.C.C.E.

UNIT VII

myF 7

Fkug;gUtj;ij Ghpe;Jnfhs;sy; (Understanding Adolescence)

7.1. Fkug;gUtk; - nghUs; (Adolescence - Meaning)

gps;isg;gUtj;Jf;F mLj;j tsHr;rp gUtj;ijf; Fkug;gUtk; my;yJ ,isNahH gUtk; vd;fpNwhk;.

Foe;ij gUtj;jpw;Fk;> KjpHgUtj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l gUtk; Fkug;gUtk; MFk;. Fkug;gUtk; 12 tajpy; njhlq;fp 18 tajpy; epiwtilAk;.

“Adolescence" vd;w nrhy; ,yj;jPd; nkhopapy; “Adolescere" vd;gjpy; ,Ue;J ngwg;gl;lJ ,jd; mbg;gilg;nghUs; tsUjy; vd;gjhFk;.

cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; 11 taJ tiuapyhd gUtj;ijf; Fkug;gUtk; vd;fpwJ. ,g;gUtj;jpy; xUtd; mjpubahd cly; tsHr;rpapidg; ngWfpwhd;. NkYk; ghy;

tsHr;rp> jhd; vd;w czHT> jdf;F vd;w rpyj; jdpj;jd;ikfs; mtdplk; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

Fkug;gUtk; kdf;nfhe;jspg;G> kd mOj;jk; Nghd;w gpur;ridfs; epiwe;j gUtkhFk;.

jdJ vjpHfhyk; gw;wpr; rpe;jpj;J KbTfis vLf;f njhlq;Ffpwhd;.

7.1.1. tiuaiw (Definition)

utPe;jpuehj; jh$H: ,g;gUtj;ijg; Nghy gpur;rpidf;FupaJ cyfpy; NtW xd;Wk; ,y;iy vd;W $WfpwhH.

fpyp/NghHL b.khHfd;: gUtkiljypy; njhlq;fp xU kdpjd; kw;Wk; upr;rHL V.fpq; clw;$Wfspd; tsHr;rp KbTngWk; fhyk; Fkug;gUtk; MFk;.

];lhd;yp`hy;: ,isNahH gUtk; vd;gJ kdf;FkwYk; nfhe;jspg;Gk; epiwe;j gUtk;. mnkupf;f Ma;thsH Foe;ijapd; midj;J mk;rq;fSk; Nfhy; KjpHr;rpailaj; njhlq;fp KO KjpHr;rpAw;w epiyia milAk; tiu Fkug;gUtk; ePbf;fpwJ.

7.1.2. Fkug;gUtk; vd;gjhy; mwpag;gLtJ

gps;is gUtj;Jf;F mLj;j tsHr;rpg; gUtj;ijf; Fkug;gUtk; my;yJ ,isNahd; gUtk; vd;W miof;fpNwhk;. ,g;gUtk; fpl;lj;jl;l 12 tajpy; njhlq;fp 18/20 taJtiu ePbf;fpwJ ,g;gUtj;jpy; mjpubahd clypay;> cstpay; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ,g;gUtj;jpy; xUtd;> ghy; KjpHr;rp milfpwhd;. jdJ FLk;gj;jpw;F mg;ghw;gl;l jdf;nfd xU jdpj;jd;ikiag; ngWfpwhd;. jdJ vjpHfhyk; gw;wpr; rpe;jpj;J KbTfis vLf;fj; njhlq;Ffpwhd;.

,g;gUt tsHr;rpapy; Vw;g0Lk; tpaf;fj;jf;f khw;wq;fSf;Ff; fhuzk;> ngz; Foe;ijfspd; rpidg;igfs; KO tsHr;rpAw;W ,aq;fj; njhlq;FtJ> Mz; Foe;ijfspd; tpijg;igfs; tsHr;rpAw;W ,aq;fj; njhlq;FtJk;> ml;updy; Rug;gpapd; `hHNkhd;fs; ,uj;jj;jpy; mjpfkhf fyf;fj; njhlq;FtJk; Nghd;wit Vw;gLtjhNyNa MFk;. Fkug;gUtj;jpd; Vnol;lhz;Lfspy; cly; cUtj;jpYk;> cs; cWg;Gfspd; tsHr;rpapYk; Vw;gLk; khWjy;fspd; tpiuTk; gd;Kfj; jhf;fKk; tpag;Ngw;gLj;jf; $bait. Foe;ijj; jd;ik mbNahL khwp> ngUj;j khw;wq;fSld; KjpHr;rp Vw;glj; njhlq;Ftjhy;> ,g;gUtj;ij Foe;ijfspd; ,uz;lhk; gpwg;G vd;W $WNthUk; cz;L.


];lhd;yp `hy; “rpf;fyhd mikjpaw;w gUtk;" vdf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH. Mdhy; ,d;iwa kdtpay; mwpQHfs; Fkug;gUtk; Foe;ij epiyapypUe;J xUtH KO KjpHr;rpepiyf;F khw;wk; ngUk; gUtkhff; fUJfpd;wdH. ,g;gUtj;jpd; Kf;fpa jd;ikfs; Jupj khw;wKk; Kuz;ghLfs; epiwe;j njsptw;w epiyAkhFk;.

7.1.3. Fkug;gUtj;jpduJ rpwg;gpay;Gfs; (Features of Adolescence)

i. cly; tsHr;rp mjpubahd khw;wq;fs;

cly; Njhw;wk;> cWg;Gfs; tsHr;rp> ghypd cWg;Gfs; ,aq;fj; njhlq;fp ngw;Nwhuhff; $baj; jFjpiag; ngWjy;> cly; tYg; ngWjy; Mfpad Fkug;gUtj;jpd; cly; tsHr;rpapy; Kf;fpakhdit.

ii. jd;DzHT kpFe;J fhzg;gLjy;

jd; cly;Njhw;wj;ij gw;wp mjpff; ftiy nfhz;L moFgLj;j epidg;gJ> jdJ Ngr@R> eilAil Nghd;wtw;why; gpwH ftdj;ijf; ftu Kay;tJ Mfpad Fkug;gUtj;jpduJ kw;NwhH rpwg;gpay;ghFk;.

iii. ghYzHT jiyJ}f;fpapUj;jy;

Fkug;gUtj;jpduJ Kjd;ikahd gpur;ridNa ghYl;l Rug;gpfs; ,aq;fj; njhlq;Ftjhy; ghYzHT mjpfupj;Jf; fhzg;gLtJk;> khjtplha; tpe;J ntspg;gLjy; Nghd;wit Njhd;WtJk; MFk;.

iv. Ra rhHG ngw tpiojy;

gps;isg; gUtj;ij fle;J KjpHT epiyf;Fg; Gfj; njhlq;Fk; Fkug;gUtj;jpy; gps;isg; gUtj;jpw;Fupa ghJfhg;G> topfhl;Ljy; ngw;Nwhiu rhHe;jpUf;Fk; jd;ik Mfpad Njitg;gLk;. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; jdpj;jpaq;f tpUg;gk;> nghUshjhu RarhHG> jdf;nfd;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; mgpg;gpuhaq;fs; Mfpad> ngw;NwhuplkpUe;J tpyfp jd; jdpj; jd;ikia epiyehl;lTk; tpioAk; vdNt Kuz;ghLfs; epiwe;jJ Fkug;gUtk;. ,jd; tpisthf mjpfhu ikaq;fis vg;NghJk; vjpHg;gJk;> jd; xg;ghH FOtpduJ kjpg;Gk; kupahijAk; ngw Kay;tJk; Fkug;gUtj;jpdiu ,d;Dk; Foe;ijahf elj;j Kw;gLtJ> ,tHfs; jq;fis KjpHr;rp ngw;w taJ te;jtdhf epiyehl;l Kw;gLtJk;> Fkug;gUtj;jpdUf;Fg; Nghuhl;lq;fisAk; gpur;ridfisAk; cUthf;FfpwJ.

v. rf taJj; NjhoHfspd; el;G

xj;j taJilNahUld; neUf;fkhfg; gofp> Mo;e;j el;ig cUthf;fpf; nfhs;tH. jd; FOtplk; gw;WWjp nfhz;L jpfo;tjhy; ,g;gUtj;jpduJ r%f newpfSk;> kjpg;GfSk; xg;ghH FOthy; ngUksT epHzapf;fg;gLfpwJ. jhd; rhHe;jpUf;Fk; FOtpd; NjitfSf;Fk;> r%f vjpHghHg;GfSf;Fk; ,ilNa Kuz;ghLfs; Njhd;Wk;NghJ> Fkug;gUtj;jpduJ elj;ijapy; NfhshWk;> kdKwpTk; Vw;gLk; newp gpwo;e;j elj;ijf;F mbNfhYk; gs;sp my;yJ fy;Y}upapy; Fkug;gUtj;jpduJ FO elj;ij ,uz;L tiffspy; eilngWfpwJ. xd;W nghOJNghf;F eltbf;if> kw;Nwhd;W mopT eltbf;if. nghOJNghf;F vd;gJ Mly;> ghly;> Nghd;wtw;iwAk;> mopT elj;ij vd;gJ Muthuk; nra;jy;> Ntiy epWj;jk; Nghd;wtw;iwAk; Fwpf;Fk;.

vi. ,yl;rpa Nehf;Fk; ajhHj;jKk;

Fkug;gUtj;jpduJ rpwg;gpay;Gfspy; xd;W mtHfsplk; ,yl;rpa Nehf;F NtHtplj; Jtq;FtNj. Mdhy; ,k;Kaw;rpapy; mtHfs; tho;f;ifapd; ajhHj;j epiyiaf; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s kWg;gH (c.k;) njhlHtupirapy; vy;NyhUk; nrd;W Nu\d;


nghUl;fis thq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij ,yl;rpakhff; nfhz;L nraw;gLtJ jtwpy;iy@ Mdhy; NehAw;wtHfSf;F tpjptpyf;F mspf;f %h@f;fkhf kWg;gJ ajhHj;j epiyia fzf;fpy; nfhs;shjJ MFk;.

vii. njhopy; NjHTk; RarhHGj; NjitAk;

Fkug;gUtj;jpy; vjpHfhy tho;f;iff;Fj; Njitahd xd;iwj; NjHe;njLj;J> Maj;jg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sjy; ,d;wpaikahjJ. Mdhy; kdntOr;rp rkdpiyapd;ik> mDgtkpd;ik> KjpHr;rpf; FiwT Mfpait njhopy; NjHtpy; jilfis Vw;gLj;jf; $bait. ,g;gUtj;jpdH ehl;lq;fs;> ftHr;rpfs;> jpwd;fs; Mfpatw;wpy; mbg;gilapy; njhopiyj; NjHT nra;a Kbahky; jpzWtH. vdNt njhopy; topfhl;Ljy; fpilf;fhjNghJ jpirkhwpa gwitfshf khwptpLtH.

viii. jiyikj;jd;ik

Fkug;gUtj;jpd; ,yl;rpaq;fshy; ce;jg;gl;ltH> jiyik jhq;Fk; gz;G ,j;jifNahuplk; ,ay;ghfNt fhzg;gLk;. jd;dykpd;ik> nghWg;GzHr;rp> jd;id xj;jtHfsJ fUj;JfSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; Nghd;w gz@Gfs; fhzg;gLk;. FO tpisahl;L> Rw;Wyh nry;Yjy;> gw;gy Nghl;bfs;> jkpo; kd;wk; Nghd;w mikg;Gfis elj;jpr; nry;Yjy; Nghd;w nghWg;Gfisf; nfhLg;gjd; %yk; Fkug;gUtj;jpduJ jiyikg; gz;ig tsHf;f KbAk;.

Fkug;gUtk; vd;gJ tsHr;rp fhZk; gUtk; MFk;. ngz; Foe;ijfspd; rpidg;igfs; KO tsHr;rpAw;W ,aq;fj; njhlq;Fk;. ml;updy; Rug;gpapy; `hHNkhd;fs; ,uj;jj;jpy; mjpfkhff; fyf;fj; njhlq;Fk;. jd;DzHT kpFe;J fhzg;gLk;. ghYzHT jiyJ}f;fpapUj;jy;. cz;ik epiyf;F Gwk;ghd gUtk;> mjpf Mir czHr;rpfs; fhzg;gLk;. KjpHr;rp gUtj;jpw;Fupa Muk;gg; gUtk; (KjpHr;rp ngw;w> tsHr;rp ngw;w> thypgd;

vd;W fhl;bf;nfhs;Sjy;)

7.1.4. Fkug;gUtj;jpd; gpur;ridfs; (Problems of Adolescence)

jd;idg;gw;wpa Fog;gk; Vw;gLk;. jiyKiw ,ilntsp fhzg;gLk; gUtk;. vjpHkiw kdg;ghd;ikAk; kuG kPwYk; fhzg;gLk;. ghYzHT jiy J}f;fpapUj;jy;. njhopiy NjHe;njLj;jy; jaf;fKk;> Fog;gKk; fhzg;gLk;. Fkug;gUtj;jpy; kpFe;j kdntOr;rp fhzg;gLk;. RarhHG tpioT fhzg;gLk; xg;ghH FO Mjpf;fk; fhzg;gLk;.

7.1.5. Fkug;gUtj;jpdupd; MHtq;fs; (Interest of Adolescence)

XH ,isNahupd; MHtk; Kf;fpakhf mtdJ Ez;zwpT> ghypdk; kw;Wk; #o;epiy xg;ghH FO Nghd;wtw;iw nghUj;jjhf mikAk;.

NkYk; FLk;gj;jpd; r%fg; nghUshjhu me;j];J> mtdJ MSikg; gz;Gfs; Mfpatw;iwAk; nghWj;J mikAk;.

MHtj;jpd; tiffs; (Types of Interest)

1. nghOJNghf;F MHtk; (thndhyp Nfl;ly;> njhiyf;fhl;rp ghHj;jy;) 2. jdpg;gl;l MHtk; (Mil> mzpjy; Kfg;nghopT) 3. fy;tpapy; MHtk;


4. njhopy; MHtk; 5. kjk; kw;Wk; flTs; kPJ MHtk; 6. r%f MHtk;> tpisahl;by; MHtk;

7.1.6. Fkug;gUtj;jpduJ FO elj;ij (Group Behaviour of Adolescence)

Fkug;gUtj;jpdH jd; xj;j taJilNahUld; Mo;e;j el;G> jhd; rhHe;jpUf;Fk; r%ff; FOf;fspd; kjpg;GfisAk;> vjpHghHg;GfisAk; epiwNtw;Wk@ kdepiy nfhs;tjhy; xg;ghH FO ,isNahupd; r%fnewp elj;ijia epHzapg;gjpy; ngUk; gq;F tfpf;fpwJ.

xg;ghHFOtpdhy; gw;WWjp> jd;dyq;fUjhik> $l;L kdg;ghd;ik Nghd;w ew;gz;Gfs; tsHr;rpailfpd;wd.

jPa ez;gHfspd; rfthrj;jhy; Fkug;gUtj;jpdupd; r%f newpgpwo;e;j elj;ijf;F Ml;glf;$Lk;.

7.1.7. Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; xOq;F (Discipline of Adolescence)

Fkug;gUtj;jpdH xU Kd;khjpupahd rKjhaj;ij Vw;gLj;j epidg;gH. ,tHfs; flTs;> nrhHf;fk;> tho;f;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gw;wp

NgRtH. rKjhaj; njhz;L> kdpj Neak;> ,uf;fFzk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; tpUg;gk; nfhs;tH. jiyikg;gz;G (Leadership) Fkug;gUtj;jpdH ,yl;rpaq;fshy; ce;jg;gl;ltHfs;. jiyik jhq;Fk; gz;G ,j;jifNahuplk; ,ay;ghfNt fhzg;gLk;. jd;dykpd;ik> nghWg;GzHr;rp> jd;id xj;jtHfsJ fUj;Jf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;

Nghd;w gz;Gfs; fhzg;gLk;. FO tpisahl;L> Rw;Wyh nry;Yjy;> gw;gy Nghl;bfs;> jkpo;kd;wk; Nghd;w

mikg;Gfis elj;jpr; nry;Yjy; Nghd;w nghWg;Gfisf; nfhLg;gjd; %yk; Fkug;gUtj;jpduJ jiyikg; gz;ig tsHf;f KbAk;.

7.2. Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; elj;ijfis mtHfspd; ,ay;ghdr; #oypy; Muha;jy; (Study of

Adolescent Behaviour in their Natural Settings)

,isNahH gUtk; Mq;fpyj;jpy; adolescence vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g;gUtNk kdpjtpUj;jpg;gUtq;fspy; kpf Kf;fpakhd xU gUtkhff; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ vdyhk;. ,g;gUtk; gps;isg;gUtj;jpd; Kbtpd; NghJ Muk;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,f;Fkug;gUtk; vDk; nrhy;yhdJ ,yj;jPd; nkhopapypUe;J Njhd;wpaJ. ,J gUtkilAk; taJ my;yJ KjpHr;rp Nehf;fp tsHjy; vd Fwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; ifj;njhopy; Gul;rpapd; gpd; Vw;gl;l tpisTfNs ,f;Fkug;gUtj;jpw;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;Fk; Njitia cz;L gz;zpaJ vdyhk;.

nghJthf ,g;gUtkhdJ 10-24 taJf;Fl;gl;l tiu Fwpg;gjhf nfhs;sg;gl;lhYk; cstpayhsupd; tiuaiwg;gb Mz; ngz; ,U ghyhupYk; 12 taJ Kjy; 18> 20 tajpw;Fs; rhjhuzkhf KbtilfpwJ vdTk; $wg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; ,g;gUtk; 25 taJtiu ePbg;gijAk; $wyhk;. ,g;gUtj;jpid gpd;tUkhW ,yFthfg; gpupj;J Nehf;fyhk;.

1) 10-14 taJf;fpilg;gl;l tiu ,isNahH gUtj;jpd; Muk;gg;gFjp 2) 15-19 Fkug;gUtj;jpd; ,ilg;gUtk; 3) 20-24 Fkug;gUtj;jpd; filrpg;gFjp vdf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.

vdpDk; ,g;gUtj;jpy; rpe;jid> jpwd;fs;> Mw;wy;fs;> vjpHghHg;Gfs;> Mirfs;> cly; cWg;Gf;fs; Mfpatw;wpy; Jupjkhd khw;wq;fs; epfOk; gUtkhfNt


fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,isNahH gUtj;jpd; Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;l ,isNahH mstpaypd; je;ijahd (G.Stanly Hall) ];Nld;yp N`hy; ,g;gUtk; xU neUf;fbahd Jd;gkpf;fgUtk; “storm and stress" (FKwYk; mOj;jKk; epiwe;j gUtk;) vd;fpd;whH.

mj;NjhL ,g;gUtj;jpy; epfOk; epfo;r;rpfs; gpd;dH epfOk; tho;f;if eltbf;iffSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jitaha; tpsq;fp mtd; gz;G eyj;ij rPHnra;fpd;wd vd;W mtH $Wfpd;whH. vdpDk; ,f;Fkug;gUtj;jpy; cly; tsHr;rp> kdntOr;rp> Rje;jpu czHr;rp> r%f tsHr;rp> me;epakhf;fg;gLjy; vd;gd kpf Kf;fpakhd tplaq;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. cly; tsHr;rpia Nehf;Fk; NghJ cauj;jpYk; vilapYk; Fwpg;glj;jf;f khw;wk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. ngz;fs; Mz;fis tpl tpiuthf tsHr;rp milfpd;whHfs;. ,jpy; %is tsHr;rpAk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. clypaypd; khw;wq;fs; tpisthf kdntOr;rpj; jhf;fq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

NkYk; Stanly Hall ,d; fUj;Jg;gb> ,g;gUtk; fw;gid ,yl;rpaq;fspdhYk; ghypay; ce;jy;fspdhYk; #og;gl;l gpur;rpidf;Fupa gUtk; vd;fpd;whH. NkYk; ,g;gUtj;jpNyNa `hHNkhd;fs; Kjy;jlitahf Ruf;fpd;wd. clypy; vy;yhg;gFjpfspYk; cly;tsHr;rp rPuhf eilngwhikapdhy; rktaJila ,Utupd; cly; ,ay;Gfis xg;gpLk;NghJ rpyNtisfspy; NtWghLfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

,UtuJ cly;fSk; rkmstpy; rpy Ntis tsHr;rpaile;jpUf;fTk; $Lk;. ,t;thwhf> ,ay;Gfs; Njhd;Wk; Ntfk; NtWgLtjpy; `hHNkhd;fspd; njhopw;ghL> Nahrid> epiyik> jiyKiw ,ay;Tfspd; jhf;fk; cl;gl gpw fhuzpfSk; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpd;wJ. mj;NjhL Fkug;gUtk; gps;isg; gUtj;jpd; epiyapypUe;J xUtH KO KjpHr;rp epiyf;F khw;wk; (transition) ngWk; gUtkhFk;. ,jd; Kf;fpa jd;ik Jupj khw;wkhFk;. ,g;gUtk; ,yl;rpaq;fs; epiwe;j gUtkhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; ,e;j yl;rpaq;fs; cz;ik epiyAld; nghUe;jhjdthf (unrealistic) fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tw;Wld;> r%f mwg;gz;GfSk; ,g; gUtj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,itNa ,g; gUtj;jpdiug; gpw gUtj;jpdupypUe;J gpupj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wd.

Fkug;gUtk; “Kuz;ghLfs; epiwe;j gUtk;" (stage of contradictions) vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ngw;Nwhupd; Kuz;ghL> jd;idg; gw;wpa ftiy> fy;tp> njhopy;> vjpHfhyk; gw;wpa ftiyfSk; Vf;fKk; epuhirAk;> kdf;Fog;gKk; epiwe;j gUtkhf ,g;gUtk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,g; gUtk; gw;wpf; $wpa vupf;rd; jdf;Fupa jdpj;Jtj;ij my;yJ Ra milahsj;ij jUk; gUtk; vdf; $Wfpd;whH. ,g;gUtj;jpy; rpwg;ghd r%f tsHr;rp ngWfpd;whd;> r%f KjpHr;rpapidAk; nghUj;jg;ghl;bidAk; milfpd;whd;. ,jd; tpisthf r%fg; gpur;rpidfis jd;dy Nehf;Fld; mZfhky; r%fj;jpy; gpwuJ cupik> fUj;Jf;fs; Mfpatw;Wf;F kjpg;Gf; nfhLf;fpd;whd;. NkYk; gpwUld; xj;Jioj;Jr; nraw;gLthd;.

gy ez;gHfisg; ngw;wpUg;gNjhL jd;idg; gw;wpa cz;ikahd kjpg;gPl;ilg; ngw;wpUg;ghd;. vdpDk; r%fj;jpy; jkJ nghWg;Gf;fis KO mstpy; Vw;fj; Njitahd jpwd; ,g; gUtj;jpduplj;jpy; KOikahf tsHr;rp ngw;wpUf;fhJ. ,k; KO tsHr;rp KjpH gUtj;jpNy xUtdplk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt Fkug;gUtj;jpduplj;jpy; r%f epiyikfspy; nraw;glf; $r;rKk; Fog;gKk; fhzg;gLk;. mj;NjhL taJ> epiy> mwpT Mfpatw;wpy; jd;idnahj;j gpwupd; kjpg;igg; ngwTk; jd;id kw;wtH Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w kNdh epiyAk; Vw;gLk;. ,jd;NghJ xg;ghH FOtpd; njhlHG Vw;gLk;. NkYk; mwnewp> xOf;f tsHr;rpfs; ,g;gUtj;jpy; Kd;Ndw;wk; milfpd;wd. jd; tajpid xj;jtupd; mwelj;ijfisAk;> fUj;Jf;fisAk; gpujpgypf;Fk; tifapy; ,J mike;jpUf;Fk;. ,tHfs; kuGtop te;j ngw;NwhHfshy; Gfog;gLk; mwg;gof;fq;fspy; KO ek;gpf;ifaw;wtHfshff; fhzg;gLthHfs; vdyhk;. mj;NjhL ,f; Fkug;gUtj;jpdupilNa jiyik jhq;Fk; gz;Gfs; ,ay;ghfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. jd;dykpd;ik> nghWg;GzHr;rp> jd;id xj;jtHfsJ fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspj;jy; Nghd;w gz;GfSk; ,tHfsplj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.


7.3. Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; elj;ijfis tpisahl;by; my;yJ gs;sp mikg;gpy; Muha;jy; (Study of Adolescebt Behaviour at Play or School Settings)

Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; elj;ijfis mth;fs; tpisahLk; nghOJ my;yJ gs;sp mikg;gpy; Muha ngw;Nwhh;fSk; Mrphpah;fSk; ,ize;J nray;gLtJ kpfTk; mtrpak;. gs;spfspy; rhuzh; ,af;fk;, NCC, NSS, r%d Nrit, tpisahl;Lg; Nghl;bfspy; gq;Nfw;wy;, Ez;fiyfspy; gapw;rp mspj;jy; Nghd;w nray;Kiwfspy; Fkug;gUtj;jpdiu gq;Nfw;fr; nra;tjd; %yk; mth;fspd; elj;ijfis ehk; Muhayhk;. Fkug;gUtj;jpdUf;F Ra Ml;rp Kiw, khzth;fs; Mh;tr; nray;fSf;F tha;g;gspf;f ty;y ,irr; rq;fk;, thndhyp rq;fk;, mwptpay; rq;fk; my;yJ fofk;, fiyr; rq;fq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw epWtp elj;Jjy; Mfpait, Fkug;gUtj;jpdiu Mf;fg;G+h;tkhd topfspy; ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wd. vdNt gs;sp mikg;G my;yJ tpisahl;lhdJ, Fkug;gUtj;jpdUf;F kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahj xd;whfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

7.4. Fkug;gUtj;jpdiu MuhAk; Kiwfs; (Methods of Studying Adolescence)

cstpay; Ma;T (Psychological Study) vd;gJ jdp kdpjH my;yJ FOf;fspd; mDgtq;fs; kw;Wk; elj;ijfis cstpayhsHfs; gFg;gha;e;J elj;Jk; Ma;Tfisf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,tHfsJ Ma;Tfis fy;tp> njhopy;> gpzp rhHe;j cstpay; Ma;Tfshf tifg;gLj;jyhk;. Ma;T vd;gJ nka;ikapidf; fz;lwpAk; GyikrhH gapw;rpahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. kdpj elj;ijfisg; ghjpf;fpd;w gy;NtW fhuzpfisAk; Muha;e;J xt;nthd;whf jdpikg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; my;yJ Fiwg;gjd; %yk; ve;j xd;W ,y;yhj NghJ my;yJ ve;jf; fhuzp nraw;gLk;NghJ kdpj elj;ij khWgLfpd;wJ vd;gjid r%f cstpashsHfs; fz;lwpfpd;whHfs;. cstpay; Kiwfshdit nghJ mwpT> mDgt mwpT> Nghd;wtw;wpy; cs;s Fiwfisf; fisaNt Njhw;wk; ngw;wd. cstpay; Vida r%f mwptpay; Ma;T KiwfSld; jdJ Ma;T Kiwfisg; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. r%f cstpay; Ma;Tfspy; gad;gLj;Jk; Ma;T Kiwfshtd>

1) cw;WNehf;fy; (Observation) 2) NeHfhzy; ml;ltizfs; (Interview Schedules) 3) jdpahs; Ma;T (Case Study) 4) fye;Jiuahly; (Interaction)

7.4.1. cw;WNehf;fy; (Observation) Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; elj;ijfis mtHfs; mwpahkNy jd;Gyd; mDgtj;NjhLk;

#o;epiyNahLk; $He;J ftdpj;J mwptJ. ,NjKiw njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; fhzyhk;. mjpy; epiwe;Js;s cstpay; fUj;Jf;fs; jd;mDgt ntspg;ghlhfTk;> gpwkhe;jupd; tho;tpaiy cw;WNehf;fp ciuj;jjhfTk; ,Uf;ff; fhzyhk;. cw;WNehf;fiy fUtpfspy;yhky; mstPLfis nra;Ak; Kiw vd;W $wyhk;. Fkug;gUtj;jpdh; jq;fsJ ez;gh;fSld; tpisahLk; NghJ my;yJ gs;spapy; mth;fis mwpahky; cw;WNehf;fp elj;ijfspd; jd;ikfis ghh;j;J gjpT nra;J gpd;dh; tptug;gLj;jTk; tpsf;fg;gLj;jTk; nra;ayhk;.

cw;WNehf;fypd; gbfs; (Steps of Observation)

1. Kiwahf jpl;lkpLjy; (Proper Planning)

Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; ve;j tifahd elj;ijfis cw;WNehf;fp gjpT nra;tJ vd;W tiuaWj;jy;. mth;fspd; Fwpg;gpl;l elj;ijfis njhpT nra;J gjpT nra;jy;. cw;WNehf;fy; fhy msit eph;zak; nra;jy;. NghJkhd fhy ,ilntspiaAk; mikj;jy;. gjpT nra;jypd; jd;ikia Kd;dNu njspTgLj;Jjy;. cw;WNehf;Fgthpd; ,lj;ijAk; njhpT nra;jy;. cw;WNehf;fj; Njitahd gapw;rpfis Kd;dNu ngWjy;.

2. nray;gLj;Jjy;


Fkug;gUtj;jpdh; tpisahLk; ,lk; kw;Wk; gs;spapy; mth;fs; mkUk; ,lj;ij ed;F njhpe;J itj;jpUj;jy;. cw;WNehf;Fgth; Fkug;gUtj;jpdUf;F njhpahky; ,Uf;Fk; gb ,Ue;J cw;WNehf;Fjy;. cw;WNehf;fg;gl Ntz;ba nray;ghLfis njspthf vOjp itj;J mitfNshL Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; elj;ijfis xg;gpl;L gjpT nra;jy;. xU nray;ghl;bid cw;WNehf;f NghJkhd fhy mtfhrk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;L mr;nray;ghl;bid gjpT nra;jy;.

3. gjpTnra;jy;

cw;WNehf;Fk; NghNj gjpT nra;jhy; cldbahf jfty;fs; fpilf;fpwJ. xU nray;ghl;il cw;W Nehf;fp gpd;dh; mitfisg; gw;wp gjpT nra;jYk; xU nray;ghl;bd; KOikia njhptpf;Fk;. vdNt, ,t;tpuz;L KiwfspYk; gjpTfis Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.

4. tpsf;Fjy;

cw;WNehf;fy; fUtpfis gad;gLj;jp gjpTnra;j tptuq;fis tpsf;Fjy;. Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; elj;ijfis mth;fspd; nray;ghl;bd; jd;ikfis cw;WNehf;fypd; mbg;gilapy; vspjhf tpsf;fyhk;.

7.4.2. NeHfhzy; ml;ltizfs; (Interview Schedules) NeHfhzy; vd;gJ NeUf;FNeH xUtH kw;nwhUtiu re;jpj;J tha;nkhopahf jfty;fis Nfl;Lg; ngWjiy Fwpg;gjhFk;. ,jpy; jfty; jUgthpd; fy;tpepiy> taJ> kdepiy Nghd;wit fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk;. tpil jUNthuJ Kfghtq;fisAk;> Fuy; khWghLfisAk; jaq;Fk; ,lq;fisAk; ftdpj;J> mtHfs; nrhy;yhjJ jtpHf;f Kay;tijAk; Cfpj;jwpa KbAk;. cly; nkhopiaAk; fz;lwpa Ntz;Lk;. NeHfhzypd; mikg;G:

1. NeHfhzy; njhlf;fg;gFjp 2. NeHfhzy; ikag;gFjp 3. NeHfhzy; ,Wjpg;gFjp

1. NeHfhzy; njhlf;fk; NeHfhzypy; njhlf;fj;jpy; Ngl;bf; fhz;gtNuhL cwit Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;Sk; mwpKfk; eilngWk;. 2. NeHfhzypd; ikag;gFjp NeHfhzypy; ikag;gFjpapy; Ngl;b fhz;gtH. Ngl;b nfhLg;gthplk; tpdhf;fs; Nfl;ghH. ,jpy; ,iltpidahf Ngl;b fhz;gtH Ngl;b nfhLg;gthpd; cly;nkhop> Cik nkhop Nghd;w gy;NtW epiyfisAk; ghHj;J mjd;%yk; tpilfs; ,Ue;jhy; vLj;Jf; n fhs;thH. 3. NeHfhzypd; ,Wjpg;gFjp: ,g;gFjpapy; Ngl;bahdJ ,dpikahf KbTWk; tifapy; ed;wp$wp tpil ngWjy; eilngWk;. mj;Jld; NeHfhzYf;fhd KbT Kiwg;gb mwptpf;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; $wg;gLk;. NeHfhzypd; tiffs;:

1. newpgLj;jg;glhj NeHfhzy; (Non-directive Interview)

,J fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhj/tbtikf;fg;glhj NeHfhzyhFk;.

,tw;wpy; Ngl;b fhz;gtH Ngl;b nfhLg;gtiu ve;jtpj;jpYk; fl;Lg;gLj;jhky;> fUj;Jf;fis Rje;jpukhfTk; KOkdJld; jUk;gbAk; KOikahf fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;j tha;g;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Ngl;b nfhLg;gtiu Cf;fg;gLj;jp KOikahd tphpthd fUj;Jf;fis ntspf;nfhzu Ntz;Lk;.

Ngl;b nfhLg;gthplk; ,ilapilNa tpdhf;fs; Nfl;Lk; ,izg;Gr; nrhw;fis gad;gLj;jpAk; tphpthf jfty;fis Nrfhpj;J gjpT nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.


,t;tif NeHfhzypy; NeHfhzypd;NghJ Kd;$l;bNa jahhpf;fg;glhj tpdhf;fshf Nfl;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;tif NeHfhzypy; vt;tpjkhd epHge;jKk; fpilahJ.

2. newpg;gLj;jg;gl;l NeHfhzy;: (Directive Interview)

,J fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;l/tbtikf;fg;gl;l NeHfhzyhFk;.

,t;tif NeHfhzypy; Kd;$l;bNa Kiwahf jpl;lkpl;L tpdhf;fs; jahhpf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk;.

ngUk;ghYk; %ba tif tpdhf;fNs ,lk; ngWk; (Mk;/,y;iy vd gjpyspf;Fk; tifapy;)

,t;tif NeHfhzypy; Ngl;b vLg;gtH tpUk;Gk; tifapy; gjpy; fpilj;jpLk;Nghf;Fk; fhzg;gLk;.

3. Mokhd NeHfhzy;: (Depth Interview)

,t;tif NeHfhzypy; gjpy; jUNthuJ kdg;ghd;ikfs;> nfhs;if gpbg;Gfs;> czHr;rp nfhe;jspg;Gfs; Nghd;wtw;iw mwpAk;gbahd tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLk;. Ngl;b nfhLg;gthpd; cs;fplf;iffisAk;> vij vjpHg;gJ? vij Mjhpg;gJ Nghd;wtw;wpw;fhd rhpahd fhuzq;fis mwpAk;gbAk; mike;jpUf;Fk;.

4. FiwawpAk; NeHfhzy;: (Diagnostice Interview)

,it ngUk;ghYk; kUj;JtkidfspYk;> r%f njhz;L epWtd NrtfHfs; kw;Wk; mwpTiugfHNthuhy; elj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,it ngUk;ghYk; gpur;ridfSf;F chpa fhuzq;fis fz;lwpa elj;jg;gLtjhFk;.

5. #o;epiy NeHfhzy;: (Situational Interview)

#o;epiy NeHfhzy; xU jPtpukhd CLWTk; KiwahFk;. ,J kNdhepiy, czh;r;rpfs; my;yJ jplkhd ek;gpf;if Nghd;w csepiy, r%ff; fhuzpfSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; jUfpwJ. tpilaspg;gthpd; xU mDgtk; my;yJ nraYldhd tpilaspg;gthpd; xU mDgtk; my;yJ nraUldhd tpyfpa my;yJ ,ize;j epiyapy; msit ephpzapf;Fk;. Neh;fhzy; #o;epiyapy; nefpo;r;rp czh;Tfs; kiwKfkhff; Fwpf;fg;gl;l czh;TfSf;Fk; jPh;khdj;jpw;F mbg;gilaha; mikAk;. Muha;r;rpiaj; njhlh;tjw;fhffj; Njitahd Kf;fpakhd tpguq;fisf; fhz #o;epiy NeHfhzy; xU topKiwahFk;. Nkw;fz;l NeHfhzy;fspy; Fkhug;gUtj;jpdhpd; elj;ijfis fz;lwpa Mokhd NeHfhzNy rpwe;jjhf ngUk;ghYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

NeHfhzy; ml;ltiz (Interview Schedule)

nghJthd tpguk; (General Information)

khzthpd; ngaH :

gs;spapd; ngaH :

ghypdk; :

taJ :

,Ug;gplk; :

gs;spapd; tif :

Mz; ngz;

Mz;fs; ngz;fs; ,Ughyh;

OC BC SC / ST

fpuhkk; efuk;

13 14 15


[hjp :

kjk; :

Nkyhz;ikapd; tif :

je;ijapd; fy;tpj;jFjp : :

jhapd; fy;tpj;jFjp : :

je;ijapd; njhopy; :

jhapd; njhopy; :

rpwe;j NeHfhzYf;fhd topKiwfs;: 1) jpl;lkply; 2) nray;gLj;Jjy; 3) gjpT nra;jy; 1) jpl;lkply; : NeHfhziy vt;thW elj;JtJ? vq;F elj;JtJ? vd;d vd;d tpdhf;fs; Nfl;gJ vd;d Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf vd;gij Kiwahf jpl;lkpl Ntz;Lk;. NeHfhzypy; ve;j tifia gad;gLj;JtJ vd;W jpl;lkpl Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd tpdhf;fs;> tpdhthpir jfty;fspd; msT> jd;ik Nghd;wtw;iw jpl;lkpl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. 2) nraw;gLj;Jjy;:

NeHfhzy; vd;gJ xUtUf;nfhUtH Kfk; ghHj;J NgRk; nray;ghlhFk; (Face to

Face). vdNt Ngl;b vLg;gtH Ngl;b nfhLg;gtUld; ed;F mwpKfkhf ey;y el;GwitAk;> kdneUf;fj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. rpy Ntisfspy; Ngl;b jUgtH top jtwp rk;ge;jkw;w fUj;Jf;fis $wpdhy; Nfhgg;glhky; nkd;ikahd Fuypy; jtw;iw czHj;jp ek;topf; nfhzu Ntz;Lk;. Ngl;b fhz;gtH njhlHe;J tstsntd;W Ngrpf; nfhz;buhky; Ngl;b nfhLg;gtiu Ngrr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. Ngl;b jUNthhpd; cly;epiy> mtrug; gzp> kdepiy> #oy; Nghd;wtw;iw fUj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. jfty; jUNthH kdk; tUe;Jk;gbahd nrhw;fisAk; eltbf;iffisAk; jtpHj;J Ngl;b jUNthhpd; KO xj;Jiog;igAk; ngw Ntz;Lk;. 3) gjpT nra;jy;: NeHfhzypy; Ngl;b fz;ltw;iw etPd njhopy;El;gk; nfhz;L xyp xspg;gjpT fUtp %yk; gjpT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. tbtikf;fg;gl;l Ngl;bahf ,Ue;jhy; jpl;lkpl;lgbNa FwpaPl;Lg; gl;bay;/ml;ltizapy; Fwpj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

,e;J fpwpj;jtH ,];yhk;

fpshh;f;

8k; tFg;G tiu fy;Yhp

njhopy;El;gf;fy;tpy

Ntiyghh;g;gth;

NkNd]h;

murpdh; jdpahh; nkl;hpf;FNyrd;

njhopy; fy;tp

8k; tFg;G tiu fy;Yhp kw;Wk; mjw;f;F Nky;

nlf;dprpad;

GNuhgrdy;

,y;yj;jurp


NeHf;fhzypd; epiwfs;

xU ghlj;jpy; Vw;gl;Ls;s gpur;ridia ed;whf mwpe;J nfhs;s ,k;Kiw MrphpaUf;F cjTfpwJ.

Fkhug;gUtj;jpdhpd; gpur;ridfis mwpaTk;> mtHfspd; csfplff;iffis ntspf; nfhzuTk; NgUjtpahf cs;sJ.

NeHfhzy; vd;gJ gpur;ridfSf;F cldbahf jPHT fhzTk;> eilKiw nray;ghLfSf;F cfe;jjhfTk; cs;sJ.

,k;Kiwapd; %yk; njspthd jfty;fs; Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. khztH NrHf;if> gzp epkpj;jk;> kUj;Jtk;> njhopy; topfhl;ly;> ePjptprhuiz

Nghd;wtw;wpw;F cjtpahf cs;sJ. NeHfhzypd; Fiwfs;:

Ngl;b vLg;gtH kpfTk; jpwikahdtuhf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,J vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghUe;jhJ.

,k;Kiw mftaj;jd;ik nfhz;lJ. vdNt Ngl;b vLg;gthpd; nrhe;j tpUg;G ntWg;GfSf;F cl;gl;ljhFk;.

mjpf fhyKk;> nghUl; nryTk; Vw;gLfpwJ.

7.6.3. jdpahs; Ma;T (Case Study) nghUs;: xU Foe;ijiag; gw;wp> xU rKjhaj;ijg; gw;wp> XH ,dj;ijg;gw;wp> xU ehl;ilg; gw;wp> xU FLk;gj;ijg; gw;wp> xU thypg FOitg; gw;wp vy;yh tpguq;fisAk; Nrfhpj;J Ma;T nra;tNj ~jdpahs; Ma;T| my;yJ ~jdpahs; tuyhW| vdg;gLk;. ,k;Kiw jdpeghpd; Fwpg;gpl;l gpur;ridia Ma;T nra;J FiwjPH eltbf;iffis ghpe;Jiug;gjhy; ,k;Kiw kUj;Jt Kiw (Clinical Method) vd;Wk; $WtH. jdpahs; Ma;T Nehf;fk;

jdpahs; Ma;tpd; Nehf;fkhdJ xU Foe;ijiag; gw;wp> xU egiug; gw;wp> xU gFjpiag; gw;wp> xU ghlj;ijg; gw;wp Mokhf Ghpe;J nfhs;sy; MFk;.

Fkhug;gUtj;jpdhpd; elj;ijiag; gw;wp Kw;wpYkhf njhpe;J nfhs;tjw;F mtHfspd; ,d;iwa epiyik> gpur;ridfs;> Rw;Wr;#oy;> rk;ge;jg;gl;l fhuzpfs; mlq;fpa nra;jp Fwpg;Gfs; Nrfhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

nkhj;jj;jpy; jdpahs; Ma;tpd; Nehf;fk; gpur;ridfisf; fz;lwpe;J jPHT fhZjNy MFk;.

jdpahs; Ma;T - gbepiyfs; (Caste Study Steps)

Neubahd cw;WNehf;Fjy; %yk; my;yJ mstPL %yk; gpur;ridfspd; ,ay;ig jPHkhdpj;jy;.

gpur;ridfs; vt;thW cUthfpapUf;Fk;> vt;thW KbTngWk; vd;gij Cfpj;jy;. jw;fhypf fUj;Jf;fis my;yJ fUJNfhs;fis thpirg;gLj;Jjy;. fUj;Jf;fis rhpghHj;jy;. jtwhd elj;ijf;F chpa fhuzq;fis ePf;Ftjw;Fhpa topKiwfis fz;lwpjy;. gpd; njhlH nray; (Follow-up)

jdpahs; Ma;T rpwg;gpay;Gfs; (Case Study – Special Features)

nra;jpf; Fwpg;Gfs; KOikahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. nra;jpfs; epahakhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. gjpTnra;j Fwpg;Gfis ufrpakhf ghJfhj;jy;. nra;jpj; njhFg;G mwptpay; G+Htkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jfty;fs; gad;glf;$bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jfty;fs; xU njhluhf mikjy; Ntz;Lk;.


jdpahs; Ma;tpy; Nrfhpf;fg;gl Ntz;bait xU Foe;ijapd; gpur;rid gw;wpa Ma;tpw;F fPo;f;fz;l tpguq;fis Nrfhpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd r%f cstpaywpQH ~vhpf;]d;| (Erickson) $wpAs;shH.

milahsf; Fwpg;Gfs; FLk;g tuyhW gs;sp tuyhW cly; kw;Wk; MNuhf;fpa tuyhW r%f tuyhWk; njhlHGfSk; MSikg; gz;Gfs;

jdpahs; Ma;T – cjhuzq;fs; 1. kpf cah; miltpidAilNahh;. 2. jd; jpwikf;F kpff; Fiwthfr; nray;gLNthh;. 3. elj;ijf; NfhshW cila khzth;fs;. 4. tFg;gpy; kw;w khzth;fSf;F Kd;Ndhbaha; tpsq;FNthh;.

jdpahs; Ma;T - epiwfs; (Advantages)

jdpahs; Ma;tpid mbf;fb gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ> MrphpaH ,ij fw;gpj;jypd; xU gFjpahff; fUjyhk;.

Fkhug; gUtj;jpdhpd; gpur;ridfis Ma;T nra;J mtHfspd; fw;wiy Nkk;gLj;j cjTfpwJ.

Foe;ijfspd; elj;ij gw;wpa mwpFwpfis ngWtjpy; MrphpaUk; topfhl;LgtUk; mjpf tpopg;GzHT cilatHfshfTk;> Ez;zwpT cilatHfshfTk; cs;sdH.

jdpahs; Ma;T Fiwfs; (Limitations)

,J fhyj;ij tPzhf;fk; KiwahFk;. ,J mftaj; jd;ik tha;e;jJ. vy;NyhUk; mwpthspfshf ,Ug;ghHfs; vdf; $w KbahJ

7.6.4. ,iltpiz Ghpjy;/fye;JiuahLjy; (Interaction) nghUs;: fye;Jiuahly; vd;gJ xUtH kw;nwhUtUld; ciuahb gy;NtW nra;jpfisAk;> nray;ghLfisAk; Kiwg;gLj;jjyhFk;. fye;Jiuahly; %yk; Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; cl;fplf;iffs; ntspf; nfhzug;gLfpwJ. Fkug;gUtj;jpdhplk; ciuahLjy; Nfs;tp Nfl;ly; kw;Wk; nray;gLjy; ,iltpid GhpjyhFk;. ,iltpid GhptJ %yk; mth;fsJ eltbf;iffisf; nfhz;l jfty;fis jpul;b mij gFj;jha;T nra;J mjd; %yk; mth;fsJ kd,ay;Gfis mDkhdpf;fyhk;. ,jdhy; mth;fspd; kdj;jpwd;fspd; tsh;r;rpiaAk; Nkk;ghl;bidAk; Ma;T nra;J rhpahd Nkk;ghL ,Uf;fpwjh my;yJ VNjDk; gpur;ridfs; ,Uf;fpd;;wdth vd;W fz;lwpayhk;. ,e;j ,iltpidfis Fkug;gUtj;jpdhpd; ,ay;ghd #oypy; Kd;dNu eph;zapf;fg;gl;l nray;ghLfis ntspg;gLj;Jk; elj;ijfis mwpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba ciuahlyhfTk; jfty; Nrfhpg;gjhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. fye;Jiuahlypd; gbepiyfs;: 1) jpl;lkply; 2) NjHT nra;jy; 3) nray;gLj;Jjy; 4) KbTf;F tUjy; 1) jpl;lkply;: fye;Jiuahly; vq;Nf epfo;j;JtJ? vd;d vd;d gpur;ridfis ikakhf nfhs;tJ? Nghd;w gy;NtW mk;rq;fisAk; kdjpy; nfhz;L Kiwahf jpl;lkpl Ntz;Lk;.


2) NjHT nra;jy;: fye;Jiuahly; epfo;j;j ahH? ahiu? NjHT nra;tJ> ve;jkhjphpahd Nfs;tpfis Nfl;gJ Nghd;w mk;rq;fis NjHT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. 3) nray;gLj;Jjy;: fye;Jiuahliy Fkug; gUtj;jpdhplk; vg;NghJ epfoj;JtJ vd;W KbT nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mjw;fhd Neuk; fhyk; ghHj;J nray;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. rhpahd xyp> xsp mikg;Gfisf; nfhz;L njhopy;El;g hPjpahf gjpT nra;jNyhL epfo;it nray;gLj;Jjy; Ntz;Lk;. 4) KbTf;F tUjy; fye;Jiuahlypy; myrp Muhag;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; vit vit vdTk;> mtw;wpw;fhd jPHT fhz xU FOit mikj;J KbT vLj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpd; %yk; rhpahd Kbit ngw Kbfpd;wJ. fye;Jiuahly; - epiwfs;:

khztHfs; MHtkhf fye;J nfhs;fpwhHfs;. khztHfspd; Ez;zwpT J}z;lg;gLfpwJ. rpwe;j nghOJNghf;F mk;rkhfTk; mikfpwJ. gy;NtW fUj;Jfs; ntspapy; tUfpd;wJ.

fye;Jiuahly; - Fiwfs; :

fhy tpuak; Vw;gLfpwJ. gpur;ridfis MuhAk;NghJ topjtwpr; nry;y tha;g;G cUthfpwJ. taJ tpj;jpahrk; ngUk; gpur;ridahFk;.

Fkhug;gUtj;jpdiu Ghpe;Jf;nfhs;Sjy; (Understanding Adolescence)

Fkug;gUtk; vd;gJ tsHr;rp fhZk; gUtk; MFk;. ,g;gUtk; vy;yhtw;wpYk; tsHr;rp kw;Wk; Kd;Ndw;wk; milAk; gUtk; MFk;. cly; mikg;Gfs; cs;NsAk;> ntspNaAk; Ntfkhf tsHr;rpaile;J Kd;Ndw;wk; fhzg;gLk;. mjpfkhf cly; Njhw;wq;fspy; khw;wk; Vw;gLk; fhyk; ,J. vYk;G> rij kw;Wk; euk;G tsHr;rpay; jPtpu Kd;Ndw;wk; fhzg;gLk;. clypy; cs;s tsHr;rpapy; cr;repiy milAk;. mijg;Nghy; epidthw;wypYk; rpwg;ghf cw;W Nehf;fypYk; fhuzq;fisf; fz;lwpjYk;> mwpthw;wypYk; tsHr;rpapd; cr;repiy fhzg;gLk;. uh]; vd;ghupd; $w;Wg;gb Fkug;gUtk; tho;f;ifapd; Muk;g epiyapd; njhFg;G MFk;. tsHr;rp khw;wj;jpy; Foe;ij gUtj;jpy; mLj;jgbahf Fkug;gUtk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ.

,isNahH gUtj;jpy; fhyb vLj;J itf;Fk; xt;nthU kdpjHfspilNaAk; gy elj@ij khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ,k;khw;wq;fs;> Vida gUtq;fspypUe;J mtHfis NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;LtjhfTk; mike;J fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; Fkug;gUtj;jpd; njhlf;fj;ij clypay; mbg;gilapNy tpsf;fKbfpd;wJ. Mdhy; ,g;gUtj;jpd; KbT kdtpaybg;gilapy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,dp ,e@elj@ij khw;wq;fs; ehk; tpupthf Nehf;FNthk;.

elj;ij khw;wq;fs; (Behavioural Changes)

,isNahHfsplj;jpy; elj;ij uPjpahfTk; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. ,J r%f> murpay;> rka czHr;rpfspd; NghJ gy topfspy; khw;wkilfpwJ. jhd; xU fiyQdhfTk; xU tPudhfTk;> NkijahfTk; tpsq;f tpUk;Gfpd;whd;. ngw;Nwhupd; fl;Lg;ghLfspypUe;J rpwpJ rpwpjhf xJq;Ffpwhd;. mj;NjhL Rje;jpuj;ij tpUk;GtNjhL jiltpjpf;Fk; NghJ rr;ruT nfhs;thHfs;. mit jtpu FOthf nraw;gl;L gpur;rpidf;F jPHT fhz MHtk; nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;. NkYk; xUtdpd; kdf; fUj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; elj;ijfs; khw;wk; ngWfpd;wJ.

,isQd; xUtd; r%f gpur;rpidfis jd;dpiy Nehf;Fld; mZfhky; r%fj;jpy; gpwUila cupikfs;> fUj;Jf;fSf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; Nehf;Fld; mDFthd;.


NkYk; gpwUld; xj;Jioj;Jg; NghFk; jd;ikAk; jhd; nra;Ak; NtiyfSf;F jhNd nghWg;Ngw;Fk; jd;ikAk; xU gpur;rpid gpwiu vt;thW ghjpf;Fk; vd czHe;J nraw;gLthd;. mj;NjhL r%fj;Jld; xd;wpg;Ngha; r%feyid tsHg;gjpy; ftdk; nrYj;Jthd;. NkYk; ,isNahHfs; FOf;fshf NrHe;J nraw;gLk; NghJk; mtHfsJ elj;ijapy; khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLfpd;wd. mjhtJ xUtd; FOtpYs;s xU egiug; ghHj;J nraw;gLk;NghJ mtdplj;jpy; eil> cil> ghtid vd;gtw;wpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

ghlrhiyapy; eilngWk; tpohf;fspd; NghJ gq;Nfw;W gy jpwikfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhd;. mit jtpu r%f tsHr;rpfspd; gpwg;gplKk; ,t;,isNahH gUtk; vd;W $Wkstpw;F rkak@ rhH r%f Nritfspy; <LgLtNjhL> rka topghL> rka rlq;Ffs;> rka tpohf;fspd;NghJk; <Lgl;L jiytHfshf kpspHthHfs;. ,t;thwhf ,isNahH nraw;ghLfspy; elj;ij uPjpahd khw;wq;fs; Vw;gLtij ehk; mwpayhk;.

Mjyhy;jhd; ngw;NwhHfs; ,g;gUtjpYs;s gps;isfspd; elj;ijfis jpdKk; fz;fhzpj;J epjhdkhf tsHf;fNtz;ba kpf Kf;fpakhd nghWg;ig tfpf;fpd;wdH. ,g;gUtj;jpy; gps;isfspd; elj;ijfSk; rpe;jidfSNk mtHfspd; vjpHfhy tho;Tf;fhd mbj;jsk; vd;gjhy; ngw;NwhHfs; jq;fsJ gps;isfis rupahd Kiwapy; tsHg;gjd; %yk; tPl;Lf;Fk; ehl;Lf;Fk; ew;gpui[fis cUthf;f KbAk;.

Foe;ijg;gUtj;jpdhpd; clypaf;f elj;ijr; nray;ghLfs; (Understanding of the

Physical Behaviours of Children)

Foe;ijg;gUtkhdJ 3 taJ Kjy; 12 taJ tiu cs;s fhyfl;lkhFk;. ,g;gUtj;jpid Kd;Foe;ijg; gUtk; (3 Kjy; 6 taJ tiu) gpd; Foe;ijg; gUtk; (6 Kjy; 12 taJ tiu) vd ,uz;lhfg; gphpf;fyhk;.

cly; khw;wk;: ,g;gUtj;jpy; epfOk; cly; tsHr;rpapd; Ntfk;. jto; eilg; gUt tsHr;rpapd; Ntfj;ijtpl nkJthf epfo;fpwJ. jto;eilg; gUtj;jpy; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l Foe;ijfspd; gof;fq;fshd J}q;Fjy;. grpj;J cz;Zjy;> jhfj;jpw;F ePH mUe;Jjy;> rpWePH> kyk; fopj;jy; Mfpad NkYk; Kiwg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,g;gUtj;jpy; if> fhy;> Ngr;R cWg;Gfs; Mfpad KOtsHr;rp miltjhy; ,tw;iwf; Foe;ijfs; KOj; jpwDld; gad;gLj;jj; njhlq;Ffpd;wdH. ,sq; Foe;ijfspd; NgRk; jd;ikAk;> Ngr;rpd; msTk;> jd; taijnahj;j gpwFoe;ijfNshLk;> taJ te;NjhHfNshLk; ,zf;fkhd elj;ijia tsHj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fg; ngupJk; cjTfpd;wd.

r%f khw;wk;: ,g;gUtj;jpy; taJ te;NjhH nfhz;Ls;s vjpHghHg;GfSf;Fg; Gwk;ghfNt ,sq;Foe;ijfs; ele;J nfhs;fpd;wdH. MfNt taJ te;Njhupd; fUj;Jg;gb> ,sq; Foe;ijfspd; elj;ijfs;> r%f ,ay;Gilajhff; fUjg;glhky; r%f ,ay;gw;wjhfNt fUjg;gLfpwJ. vspa tpisahl;LfSf;Fupa cly; jpwd;fisf; fw;wy;> jd;idg;gw;wpa cz;ik epiyg;gl;l fUj;jpid ngWjy;> xj;j tajpdUld; ,ize;J nray;gLjy;> gbj;jy;> vOJjy;> fzf;fpLjy;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> vjpHkiwahd elj;ij jhf;FjYzHT> jd;dyk;> khw;Wg; ghypdf; Foe;ijfis ntWg;GzHNthL Nehf;fj; njhlq;Fjy; Nghd;w r%f ,ay;gw;w elj;ijfs; ,g;gUtj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t; tajpy; nghk;ik tpisahl;L ebj;Jf; fhl;Ljy;> gy ghfq;fis itj;J xU nghUis cUthf;Fjy; Nghl;b itj;J tpisahLjy;> thndhyp> jpiug;glk; njhiyf;fhl;rp> fzpg;nghwp Mfpatw;wpy; toq;fg;gLk; tpisahl;L epfo;r;rpfis kpFe;j MHtj;NjhL ghHf;fTk;> Nfl;fTk; nra;jy; Mfpadtw;iwf; Foe;ijfs; tpUk;gpr;nra;fpd;wd. ngw;NwhuplKk; cld; gpwe;NjhuplKk;> ,sq;Foe;ijf;Fr; rupahd cwT ,y;iynadpy; mf; Foe;ijapd; Raahd;ik ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

Foe;ijfsplk; Vw;gLk; xOf;f khw;wk;:

cstpayhsHfs; xOf;f tsHr;rpapy; 4 epiyfisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wdH. Kjy;epiy ~gl;lwp epiy| ,e;epiyapy; kfpo;r;rp> Jd;gk; vdg@gLk; ,U ,yf;Ffshy; Foe;ijapd;


elj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. kfpo;r;rp jUk; nray;fspy; Foe;ijfs; <LgLtH@ njhy;iy juf;$ba nray;fisj; jtpHg;gH. mLj;jepiyapy; Foe;ijahdJ jd;idtpl %j;Njhuhd ngw;NwhHfs;> MrpupaHfs; Nghd;w> jk; kPJ Mjpf;fk; nrYj;JNthupd; nrhw;gb elf;fj; njhlq;FfpwJ. ,e;epiy ~Mjpf;f epiy| my;yJ ~Msg;gL epiy| MFk;. %d;whtJ epiyahd ~r%f epiyapy;| r%f gof;f tof;fq;fshy; mjd; elj;ij ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. r%f Vw;Gs;s elj;ijiaNa Foe;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk;. ek;kpy; gyUila xOf;f tsHr;rp ,e;epiyapNyNa Njq;fp epw;Fk;. ,ijtpl caupa epiynahd;Wk; cz;L ,ijj; jdpj;j epiyik vdyhk;. ,e;epiyapYs;shtdpd@ elj;ij mtd; nfhz;Ls;s xOf;fk; gw;wpa Fwpf;Nfhs;fshy; ce;jg;gLtjhFk;. ,e;epiyapYs;std;> r%fNk jpuz;L te;J vjpHj;j NghjpYk; jhd; cWjpahf ek;Gk; mwnewpfspdpd;Wk; gpwokhl;lhd;.

ey;yit> jPait gw;wpa Foe;ijfsJ juq;fs; KjpatHfspd; fUj;Jfspdpd;Wk; khWg;gl;lit vd;gij gpahN[Ak; Nfhy;gHf; Nghd;NwhUk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;dH. xOf;fk; gw;wpa ,ay;ghd Nehf;fk; xOf;fk; gw;wpa rhHGNehf;fk; Mfpatw;iwg; gw;wp gpahN[ tpsf;fpAs;shH. rpW Foe;ijfs; xOf;fk; gw;wp ,ay;ghd Nehf;fKilatHfs;. elj;ijapd; tpisAk; mjd; msTk; Kf;fpak; vd;W fUJtH. elj;ijf;F gpd; mikAk; Nehf;fj;ij fUj;jpy; nfhs;shH. cjhuzkhf jpz;gz;lj;ij jha;f;F njupahky; vLj;Jj; jpz;gjw;F KaYk;NghJ mUfpy; ,Ue;j 2 NjePH Nfhg;igfs; fPNo tpOe;J nehWq;fpd. gpwpnjhU ehs; tPl;L Ntiyf;fhup if jtwp 4 NjePH Nfhg;igfis fPNo Nghl;L cilj;J tpl;ljhff; nfhs;Nthk;. rpW Foe;ijfs;> Ntiyf;fhupf;Fj; jhd; mjpf jz;lid nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; mts; jhd; mjpf NjePH Nfhg;igfis cilj;jts; vd;W thjk; GhptH.

RkhH 11-12 taij milAk;NghJ xOf;fk; gw;wpa rhHG Nehf;fj;ij (elj;ijia mjd; gpd; mike;jpUf;Fk; Nehf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L kjpg;gpLjy;) ,tHfs; milfpwhHfs;. 12 taJf;Fl;gl;l Foe;ijfs;> jq;fsJ czHr;rpfs;> Njitfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; gpwuJ elj;ijfis kjpg;gpLtH. jk;ik gpwHepiyapy; itj;Jg; ghHf;Fk; jpwdpd;wp nraw;gLtH. Mdhy; 12 tajpw;F Nkw;gl;l epiyapy; rkurg;Nghf;F kd;dpf;Fk; gz;G Nghd;wd mjpf mstpy; fhzg;gLk;.

Fkhug;gUtj;jpdhpd; clypaf;f elj;ijr; nray;ghLfs; (Understanding of the Physical

Behaviours of Adolescence)

,g;gUtj;jpy; mf kw;Wk; Gw cly; cWg;Gfs; KO tsHr;rp milfpd;wd. Rug;gpfs;> jirfs;> euk;G kz;lyk;> [Puz kz;lyk;> cauk; kw;Wk; vil ,g;gUtj;jpy; mjpf mstpy; nray;gLfpd;wd. ,jak;> ,uj;j Xl;lk;> Neha;jjLg;G rf;jp Kjypad mjpf mstpy; ,aq;Ffpd;wd.

,g;gUtj;jpy; xUtuplk; Vw;gLk; Kf;fpakhd tsHr;rp> KjpHr;rp vd;gjhFk;. KjpHr;rp vd;gJ cly; kw;Wk; cs;sk; ,tw;wpd; KOtsHr;rpahFk;. Mz;fSf;F KjpHr;rp gy;NtW fhuzq;fshy; khWgLfpwJ. nghUshjhu #o;epiy> tho;f;ifj;juk;> jpUkzk; epfOk; fhyk; Nghd;witfs; ngz;fspd; KjpHr;rpf;Ff; fhuzpfshf mikfpd;wd.

ngz;fSf;Fj; jir Kjypy; tsHr;rpailfpd;wJ. mjdhy; ,tHfs; tl;lkhd Njhw;wj;ijg; ngWfpd;wdH. me;juq;f Kbfs; tsu Muk;gpf;fpd;wd. cUtk;> ,Lg;G> khHgfq;fs; tsHr;rpailfpd;wd. Mz;fSf;Ff; Fuypy; fufug;ghd ngUj;j khw;wKk;> kPir> jhb> me;juq;f Kbfs; Nghd;wit tsHjYk; eilngWfpd;wd. ngz;fspd; Fuy; nkd;ikahfTk;> ,dpikahfTk; mikfpd;wd. ,g;gUtj;jpy;jhd; ngz;fSf;F gUtkiljy; eilngWfpwJ. ,jdhy; ngz;fs; nkype;Jk;> gae;Jk; fhzg;gLtH. Mz;fSf;F ghypd cWg;G tsHjYk;> ghypd tpe;J cUthjYk; eilngWfpd;wd.


clypay; khw;wq;fs; ehk; Nehf;Ffpd;w NghJ g+g;Gg;gUtk; njhlq;FtjpypUe;J Fkug;gUtk; Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,g;gUtj;jpy; xUtd; gps;isAky;y KjpHe;jtDky;y. ,J Mz; ngz; ,U ghyupdUf;Fk; Vwf;Fiwa 11 tpw;Fk; 14 tpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l taJfspy; Muk;gpj;J 18-21 tajpdpy; KbtilAk;.

,g;gUtj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd clypay; khw;wq;fshf ,dg;ngUf;f cWg;Gf;fs; KjpHr;rpailAk;> ngz;fspy; Kjy; khjtplha; Vw;gLk;. Mz;fspy; g+g;G cNuhkk; Njhd;wp tpe;J ntspg;gLk;. vdpDk; ntspj;Njhw;w tsHr;rpiaf; fhl;bYk; cs;SWg;Gfspd; tsHr;rp mjpfkhff; fhzg;gLk;. Mz;gps;isfsplj;jpy; Kfj;jpy; mUk;G kPir Kisf;fj; njhlq;FtJld; Fuy;tis Kd;Ndhf;fpj; js;sg;gLtijAk;> rpy Ntisfspy; Kfj;jpy; gUf;fs; Njhd;WtijAk; fhzyhk;.

ngz; gps;isfsplj;jpy; Kfj;jpy; GJg;nghypTk; rpy Ntisfspy; gUf;fisAk; clypy; xUtpj g+upg;igAk; fhzyhk; vdpDk; Fkug;gUtj;jpy; xUtDila tsHr;rpapy; NtfKk; jPtpuKk; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j tifapy; vYk;Gf;$L tsHfpwJ. ,jdhy; cauKk; vilAk; mjpfupf;fpd;wJ. mj;NjhL> clypd; cs;SWg;Gf;fs; %is vd;gdTk; tsHr;rp ngWfpd;wJ. vdpDk; Mz;> ngz; Nghd;wtHfsplj;jpy; gpd;tUk; clypay; khw;wq;fis ehk; fz;Lnfhs;sKbfpd;wJ.

ngz;

cauKk; epiwAk; mjpfupj;jy; khHgfq;fs; gUj;jy; ghYWg;igr; #oTk;> fk;kq;fl;LfspYk; Nuhkq;fs; tsHjy; mjfsT tpaHj;jy; ,Lg;Gg;gFjp mfd;W tpupjy; njhilfs; gUj;jy; ghYWg;G gUj;jy; Kfj;jpy; gUf;fs; Njhd;wy; khjtplha; Muk;gpj;jy; vd;gtw;iwf; $wyhk;.

Mz;

cauKk; epiwAk; mjpfupj;jy; jirfs; tpUj;jpailjy; Njhs;fs; mfd;W tsHjy; Fuy;tis ntspj;js;sp tsHjy; Fuy; fl;ilf; Fuyhf khw;wkiljy; fk;kq;fl;Lfs;> khHG> ghYWg;ig #o;e;j gFjpfspy; Nuhkq;fs; tsHjy; mjpfsT tpaHj;jy; ghYWg;G (tpijfSk; Mz;FwpAk;) gUj;jy; Kfj;jpy; gUf;fs; Njhd;wy;

Nghd;w Njhw;wq;fis clypay; khw;wq;fshf ehk; nfhs;sKbfpd;wJ. vdpDk; NkNy $wg;gl;l tsHr;rpapy; Mz;fSf;Fk; ngz;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; NtWghLfs; epyTfpd;wd. Muk;gj;jpy; ngz;gps;isfspd; tsHr;rp Ntfj;ij tpl Mz; gps;isfspd; tsHr;rp Ntfk; ,uz;L tUlq;fs; jhkjpj;Nj Muk;gpf;Fk;. Mdhy; 18 tajpid milAk; NghJ Mz;fspd; tsHr;rp ngz;fspd; tsHr;rpia tpl NkNyhq;fpf; fhzg;gLk; vdyhk;.

r%f khw;wk;

,tHfs; FOtpdupd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; ele;J nfhs;fpd;wdH. kw;wtHfspd; czHr;rpfis mwpe;J nfhs;fpd;wdH. ,Ue;jhYk; r%ff; fl;Lg;ghLfSf;F Vw;g ele;J


nfhs;s Kay;fpd;whHfs;. ,g;gUtj;jpy; xU Foe;ijapd; r%f tsHr;rpapy; $l;lhspfspd; gq;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngWfpwJ. xt;NthH Mz; my;yJ ngz; gps;isAk; VjhtJ xU $l;lhspf; FOthy; ngupJk; tsHr;rpailfpd;wd. ,g; gUtj;jpYs;NshH jq;fSf;F kd epiwtspf;Fk; tpisahl;LfspYk; ngupatHfsplkpUe;J ghuhl;Lfs; fpilf;Fk; tpisahl;LfspYk; kl;Lk; NrHfpd;wdH. ,g;gUtg; gps;isfs; gyNuhL goFk; tha;g;Gfs; mjpfupj;jpUg;gjhy; mtHfspd; MHtq;fSk; jpwd;fSk; mjpfupf;fpd;wd.

xOf;f khw;wk;

Fkug;gUtj;jpdH xU Kd;khjpupahd rKjhaj;ij Vw;gLj;j epidg;gH. ,tHfs; flTs;> nrhHf;fk;> tho;f;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;> rpwg;ghd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Nghd;wtw;iwg; NgRtH. ,tHfs; r%fj; njhz;L> kdpjNeak; cjTk; Mw;wy; Nghd;wtw;wpy; tpUg;gk; nfhs;tH.

MSik tsHr;rp : ,g;gUtg; gps;isfs; vJ ey;yJ? vJ nfl;lJ? vd;gij ed;F njupe;J nfhz;Nl tPL gs;sp ,tw;iwnahl;ba #oy;fspy; jtwhd elj;ijfspy; <LgLfpd;wdH. ,jw;F Kjy; fhuzk; jdJ $l;lhspfSila ey;nyz;zj;ijAk; ghuhl;ilAk; ngWtJ MFk;. ,uz;lhtJ> ngupatHfs; tpjpj;Js;s mjpfhuk;> fl;Lg;ghL ,tw;wpypUe;J Rje;jpuk; ngWk; Nehf;F MFk;. ,g;gUtg; gps;isfsplk; MHtk; ngUFfpwJ. murpay; jpiug;glk;> Milfs;> kjk;> clYWg;Gfs;> ghypdk;> vjpHfhyj; njhopy;fs;> jFjpf; FwpaPLfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy; kpFe;j MHtk; fhl;Lfpd;wdH. ngupatHfs; tpjpj;Js;s tpjpfs;> fl;Lg;ghLfs; Nghd;wtw;iw kWjypf;fj; njhlq;Ffpd;wdH.

Raahd;ik tsHr;rp : FLk;gj;jpy; ey;Ywit tsHf;fhj gps;isfs;> gs;spr; nray;fspYk; gpwNuhL goFtjpYk; ,zf;fkw;w elj;ijia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; ,tHfspd; Raahd;ik ngupJk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,g; gUtj;jpy; mjpfk; cz;Ztjhy;> cly; vilf; $bf; fhzg;gLk; gps;isfs;> jq;fspd; ez;gHfshy;

“Fz;Lkzp"> “Kl;ilNfh];" vdf; NfypAk; fpz;lYk; nra;ag;gLfpd;wdH. ,jdhy; ,tHfSf;Fj; jq;fisg; gw;wpa jho;T kdg;ghd;ik vOtNjhL mtHfspd; Raahd;ik ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

myf 7 fkug;gutj;ij ghpe;jnfhs;sy; (understanding adolescence) · dr.c.thanavathi v.o.c.c.e. unit...

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