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SCHOOL- BASED MANAGEMENT AND THE OUTPUT STANDARDS

OF THE MUNICIPAL SCHOOLS IN THE 51h LOCAL EDUCATION GROUP

By Apiradee Kolkij

A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

MASTER OF EDUCATION

Department of Educational Administration

Graduate School

SILPAKORN UNIVERSITY

2011



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52252324 : MAJOR : EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION

KEY WORDS: KEY WORDS: SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT/ OUTPUT STANDARDS

APIRADEE KOLKIJ: SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT AND THE OUTPUT th

STANDARDS OF THE MUNICIPAL SCHOOLS IN THE 5 LOCAL EDUCATION GROUP. THESIS

ADVISORS: MATIANA WANGTHANOMSAK, Ph.D, ASST. PROF. MAJ. NOPADOL CHENAKSARA,

RTAR., Ph.D., 131 pp.

The purposes of this research were to examine: 1) the school-based th

management of the municipal schools in the 5 local education group, 2) the output th

standards of the municipal schools in the 5 local education group, and 3) the

relationship between school-based management and the output standards of the

municipal schools in the s'h local education group. The samples were 48 municipal

schools in the 5th local education group. The respondents were one administrator, one

vice-administrator, and two teachers, with the total of 192. The instrument of this

research was a questionnaire concerning school-based management according to The

Office of the Secretary Education Council, and the output standards of the municipal

schools in the s'h local education group according to the internal educational quality

assessment manual, under the local governance organization. The statistics used in this

research were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's product

moment correlation coefficient.

The research findings were as follows:

1. Overall, the school-based management of the municipal schools in the s'h local education group was found at the high level, where decentralization was found

highest and participative administration was found lowest.

2. Overall, the output standards of the municipal schools in the s'h local

education group was found at the high level, where students are aesthetic and capable in

arts, music, and sport was highest and students capable of analytical thinking, synthetic

thinking, critical thinking, creative thinking, reflective thinking, holistic thinking and

discerning was found the lowest.

3. The relationship between school-based management and the output

standards of the municipal schools in the s'h local education group was found at .01

level of significance

Department of Educational Administration, Graduate School, Silpakorn University, Academic Year 2011

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LU'W)il'W (School - Based Management: SBM) 1um~'l\'(;ll'tJ1VJB~fiu ~'lCJfll~W(;ll'Wlfl<Ulll'V'I'!f'il~ l'l'W 1 'WVJ'il1~'W 1 ,Xill'lrum'V'I 1~CJ<ij'~m~Plnj,JlliJ<tB~ii1lll ~~m~Plnj,j11 u~::'U'U m~i<inj,jl'tJBm::uu

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3

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5

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U'il'!U1J!l~Am'\Jnm!l~ci•uYf!l~~u ( !l'\JVI.) ~~!il mo ~fl'[,I1U'il1U11JL ~l.ll-11 nii'u !l ti1~ L iiu 1~ i'!ilL'ilU'il1n 146 LL'Ii~ 1ui'J 2548 L~u;uLtJu 333 LLvi~ 1ui'J 2551 ~~i'i'il1U11JL~l.l;u1i~ 187 i.b'li~ li1'VI'iubL1vu1u~~n!il !JUVI.l'i'il1u1uo1l.l~~~u 1,481 h~ 1ui'J 2551 ~~L~uii'u!lti1~1lim~!l~Vln

' U'il1ni'l 2548 ~ffi.,~L1tJuLYitJ~ 955 LL'Ii~6

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(ni~LYIYi"': u.'\J.\11., 2551), 37-38. 5 I ~ "I v .,: ·~ I ..,. 1 ~ ..... ..... _. mu<~ ~ L<l ol-1 mo u n m !l~i'l !l ~ 1:1u, ~u !l m 1 1 1:: L:UUfl rum Yi m EUJI'I m u 1'1 nl.'i 1 <N o !illN fl m

tJOfl1m?buYf!l~~u (m~LV1Yi'1: u.'\J.YI. , 2553),13. ' 6o ..... .,., q .., ...., ,.,. v..,;tl

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(O~~bi'1Yi'1: 1J~,;YILYiii1JI'I~~1!l 'iJ1rl!il , 2553 ), 36.



4

'ii1'LI'l'LI h~L~vulua~nfl v'llV~.L'LILLfilil~tl ~ .:.rl 'i) llP1~1n1~L'IIIJ1J'LI 'LILLPllil: (%)

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~~~fl11U~~11~1'LI~~~1~ - 3 55 326 - 1,733.33 429.73

LVIIIU1lil 510 530 585 658 3.29 10.38 12.48

ll~Rfl11U~~11~1'LI~1U~ - 3 27 52 - 800 92.59

Lijm;;-Vlm 10 10 10 10 - - -

fl~~LVIYI!J~1'Lif\1 435 435 435 435 - - -

11!J 955 981 1,112 1,481 2.72 13.35 33.18

d 0 <V ""' ~ Q IV <d "' d. f) Yl:w1 : <!1tlfH1'UL<1'1115n1~<1inf11~1'1fl~1 , ~1m1'Yf1111Mlli!1lJ nW\l®0111'1n'I'}1Y!Bl(]'U2551

(m~LYI'I'i"1: u'i,;'YIL'I'iii'U<IIil~1il 'il1rl\i! , 2553 ), 39. ' "

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~

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5

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Q •

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n<llJn11Fin~1'VIB~(11J'VI 5 'l1lJn<llJi11):; n1'l L 'lEJlJ'l LL<J:;n<JlJL<1'llJ<111~FJ nEJ.fl1'WI\I L 'l~lJ , q " , '\1

tl1:;-;htlm1i'in~1 2551 'ii1Lt'Wm1CJ.ffut~vu

tl.3 84.80 78.05 84.73

tl.6 81.87 70.94 77.40

lJ.3 75.74 44.70 87.77

lJ.6 79.17 70.83 29.17

80.40 66,13 69,77

- . L<1'llJ<1'l1~

1'1 n ~ m 'W

85.71 87.89

70.63 86.05

60.06 83.23

29.17 79.17

61.39 84,09

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rwilJ?t1d::

84.23

77.38

70.31

57.50

72.36

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1 ... Q.l ..... f' ' !1.1 .,: 0 ?I ""' mcU<llml.l!'lnma~nlillNFJmllnmmll1'W'VItmru tb:;'iJ1vn11!'1n~1 2551 (nj~L'VI'W"1: lJ.ti.'Vl. ,

2552), 94-120.



6

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f11'll'lf1~1mtJ u&~ml.ll'l01:!1&~~n®eNRm'llnfl'llNii11'W'VIB~(l'U 'lh::snum'll'\01:!1 2551 (n'l~L'Vl'r'i"1 :

l.l.'\J.'Vl., 2552), 132-133.



7

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'

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3. m~u~,1~ 1~tJ 1 if!~~ L~tJu L uull1unum01~ ll1'W!1i1u~<~ !:.Ji101 1 u1 ~~ L~ tJ'I.lL 'VII'lm<~ nciu - - '

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rnwhL U'l.l~1'1.l~1lJn\Jil~1~L U'U~~\J\J L ~tl~'il1n 1 um~\J1\Jf11~'il~n~~\J\J ~tl!J '1 ~1lJn'l.ltl ~'\11<11!! ~~uufi~U1~'il~ L YlB1 ~il'il~m~~,mtJ L -ih 1 tJcim~\J1'1.lf11~'VInn~~\J1'1.lf11~ 1!1itJ~1~iltJ~~li'VI5m'Vl

" ' LL<l~~<1~i101 (output) LU'I.l!:.J<l~Li'i~'il1nm~\J1'1.lf11~'Utl~f11~U1Ltl1U'il~tJmtJfillii i.'lfi11~Lt.1~<i'Bu (context) LU'I.lU'il~tJ~il~<l~tl~1Utl'l.l m~\J1\Jf11~ LL<l~~<~~i101 B'l.lL~tl~lJ1'il1nLU'I.l~~\J\JLU~ ~il tJfii.i'u~u5nu~~u.1~<i'Bu 1~tJ 1!11~u€i'VI5'Vl<l u.<~~~<~m~'VIU01<~tJ~ L1<11'il1ni.'lm'Vlu.1~<i'Bu L YlB1 ~ Ln~tJ~~a'\115~<~ 01 1u L U1'11mtJ -ifm;~m!Bun<i'u (feedback) L i'lu~<~~ Ln~~umtJ'I1<i'~'il 1n !:.J<l<i''Vl5ffi!11

ilTil L U\J~~~fl1~ Hl1~tl bi Lfl !Jfl1~11'il~Ln~'llu tu~~\J\Jf11~i'in·tn;~ L U'U~~\J\J L u~ 9

9 Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn, The Social Psychology of Organization, 2nd

ed. (New York: John Wiley & Son, 1978), 20.



8

Ll1ltJI'i'1ilBu (input) 11'lu.n ulmJ1tJ '4fl<~1m ~uth~:u1ru LLm~i'<~ll)!l'llmru m~mum~ (process) Li'iu m:nn un1'i1J~VI1~ L\1\ tJ1 il ~~L 1tJu L i'lu ,ll1\J m~~\1\nl~ L 1 tJ\J m~i1 B\J u.;o::

<

m::mum'itJL'VII'! ~<1~~\il (output) fiB f)tufi1Yti.L<I::mm,ll1\J'UB~i1m\Ji'imn ~<~3:uq'VI6 'VI1~m~L1tJ'W'UB~um1tJu <~.rm::Ln\1\~B:u (context) LtJ\Ji1.f11Yt'VI1~Lm~~ii~ 3~fl:w .nill'l1i11i11

~ v 1-' !IJ ..... 10

LL<I::'UBl;j<ltJB'Wn<lu (feedback)

1 um~'l~tJfl#~il' e1'1~1'1 11'li'in~1u. u1fim~1'!1nu m'lu~vm Ll'ltJ 1il ~~L1tJw i'lu;nunu v ~

:U1\il'i~1\JI"f1'W~<I~iJii11 'U h~L1tJ'WL 'VII'\1J1<1 mi:um~fin'I:I1Vl<l~~\Jyj 5 1 'WI.L 'U1fi\1\L~I'J1 n1JVI<i' nnl~ ~ '

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(Cotton) 3~Lfl'i1::'1-1~1'Wi~tJ L~tJ1num~u~VI1'i~\1\m~ L\1\1'11 il 'i~L 1tJ'WL i'lu~1\J~::w-.i1~'VII'l1~~~ ~

1980 (i~ fll'l. 1995 LL~1i1~'lll1 SBM :il<\'n~ru~vi~\l' 1) LtJ\J'iUI.L1J1Jn1'i1J~Vmh~L1tJ'W~'llLL1J1JVI~~ ' • v

2) Li'lu'l'llLL uuYlilm::munw"iilm~l'i'l'lii'W h L~tJ1tl1Jn1'i~1L tlu~1'W'UB~ 1 ~~L1tJuYlu.lilmh~ 1 'll~1n v

L~:U 3) L i'lu~'llu. uu m'iu ~VI1'lYlilm~ m ::'inml1u1~~1 nf,ll1J1<1 L -u \il m'i i'i n~1 LL<I::~ B1'W1 tJ m'i L 'Uiil

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• ' v

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v '

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flru::m'i:Unl'i h~L1tJu (School Council VI~B School Board) 1t1i':ilrl1'W1~ 1um'i1J~V11'i~\1\

n1'lfi n~11 'W 1 ~~L 1tJ'U :ilV1u1Yl U.<l::fi11:Ufu iJ \1\'lJBU 1 'W nl'll'i'l'lii\J hYlL~ m'li'B~ nu~u'IJ'l::mru 1Jfl<l 1 n'i '

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d

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4) Vl<i'nn1'i1J~VI1'i\il'WLB~ 5) Vi<\'nn1'i\il~1~i1B1J 12

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v

10 <V ..,. ,.,. !""' ":?1 """ ~ Gt

~'U'VI~1'W i1~1'W'W1:U, 'VI{j~IJI.L<I::I.L'W11 jJ'\Jru'Un1]11]VI1'Ulm'IJI'!n~1 (n\~L'VI'rt"1 : '4!'1

YtBtJYi, 2545), 21. 11

Kathleen Cotton, "School-Based Management," Northwest Regional

Education Laborator_y, (August 2001) : 70. 12 cv " I ""' ~ ..,. ...., ~ ~ 1

!l'VItJ '4!\Ju'i::Lii~,li. n1'll'ln'l:J11.L'W1Ymn1]11'lVI1'li.L<~::nwil\1\01'll"ln~1~1iNllm'WI'!n'l:J1 u

~'llLI.1J1Jn1]tf~VI1TII1lrmih~L5m.ILtJlJ~1'U(School-Based Management) (m~L'VI'rt"1 : fl~i1fl1 ' "

<11\1\Yt-r11, 2542), 164.



9

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ii<'l1'1..1~1l.J (participation) 4) VlolOn1'lU.fl11~~'111lbUUb~tJVI~'U (supportive leadership)

5) VlolOn1'l~\lli'U1~n~uu (whole school approach) 1,1,<1~ 6) Vlii'Ofl11l.JW{<Jl.J~'il~~Un1'l . . 16

il1'l1'ill'ltJU (accountabiLity)

'il1nLb '1..11?ii11L~V1tlUlJ1il1'l.lj1'1..1.'i1'U~<t~ii 111 b U'Ub~tJ~'iltJ~~<l~ii 111 (output) ~~ ml.l.-i~bl'l~l.J m 1\J om <J~ VI eJ ~ ~ uii u 1v m v b ~ ~~ \lll u 1 A rumw m., i1 mn'il <J~ tJ ~1'1 mu om <J~ .-11 u Vi'<J~ ~ u ~ ~ 1 vi'

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13 .d 0 Q 1 0 I "-' ""' .d A 1 '4'!!l.J b!\.l'lVtJ111, 'l1V~1'U~<ln1"ji111b'U'U~1'l.Lfl)~n1"j'U1"jlN"i~i11U'iJ1\l1 b'UN nTUJ"jVI1'LI11V

1-1fh~l~ci'UitluJl1\J · 'ium1~'i1l1mJ (OjW/1'1'1"1 : ci11To~1'1..11Jij~1Jm'li1mn, 2546), 9. 14 0 ..... <=6 ""' lJ OJ .... .....

<11\.I0~1'1..1fl!\.l~n'l~l.l~1'ln1'lf'ln,nL<JO'iJ'I..I, '!ll11ll'l"ilJl'l"i1~!'1ovmwm"iWVIWil®n1'l

u d d u 4 u ' Q 1 1'111 q -t'J VI<JO~il1"in1"i!'l01;1n1"i!'l01;1'ii\JW\Jjl1\J 'l'fVIii!'ln'l1'iJ 2544 \ml 1 n1'UI'i)l1'LI111~!\.I~L"iti\JL\J

Jl1l1 (n1~L'VIW"1 : wti1vi1o1;1Ub'VI!'Irl ci111'n~1'1..1flru~m'llJn1'lm'li1o1;1LtJO'tl'l..l, 2546), 3. 15 q u < u u < 0 ' ~ d t d v Q 1 1 ~ q "

1'l1\lli'U tl'VIV'l\11'1..1, "'VI1tJV1~ L 'lbl.Jtl L )~L 'lV'Uil1tJ~U'lV11'l 111V 'iJ L 'l~b'lV'UL U'U1i1\.l " 11';\11'; ' ~ '

<lm'U'I..I~\lli\J1~1i11111m1fimn (o.w.-ii.fl. 2546) : 3-6. v

16 0 U "'> 41 i:l U i:l Q I I 1 Q,

il1'Un~1'Ub<l'll1iin1'll'l.fl1n1'l!'l01;1, <lil1W 'il'IU\.ILLI'\~I\I'l11n1"jl.Ji11\JD1UJn1';\J"j\11"j

u,e~~i1ln11'UtJ~fl!l.l~m'llJn1'll'lmlJi1mn.fflJvl'Y,li1\J (Oj~l'VIW"1 : Vi1~~u<'l1'1..1'il1t'1111mwVlu~. 254 7)

'79-80.



10

<I~ fi:U 1v\'·)11 1~ L ~ tl\JU!'i' ntJ.fl1'1'1 1 \J rm<ij' 01 fl11 tl11'tl1 1.1.11~ L vJ mhm fl1'ltb ~Lil\J 1 t!Lofi' L U\J'iltil;J111 \J fl1 1

~~\J1flrum'Yi 1111 i'i11~11 ~iif1rum'Yi 1.1.11~ 1vi'mmli1\J~tl 1 tl17 ~~ Lf11~<1'i'1~rn'lti'l~ Lil\Jfll\.1111'1'1 , , ... '

mv 1ui.'lmui'il1~1 .r~nO\eJ~flmtl11mtl~'·huVi'eJ~~u u.ti~L uu 3 vi'1u ~~-d . . lJ11i115j1\Jvl1\JU'il~tJ ih1~111:UOI 5 lJ11i115j1\J fit~ :U11il'l)j1\JVi 1 2 3 4 5

:U11ii)li1\Jvl1\Jfl)~tJ1\Jfl1) ih~~111:Uiil 8 lJ11il'lli1\J fiB :U11il)li1\J.yj 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ~ ~ ~

iivY~111:UO\ 11 lJ11il)li1\J fiB lJ11il)li1\J.yj 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Q Q

22 23 24

m~Ym~i'i 11~1B fl1) L i1u11fl1)~0\111) fl 11~1 LL~11~ LL \-i ~ii'i6tifiilii-Y1111m 11111111 1J U.lil 11 ~1~n\J ~~JuL Yl tlfi11:U L tJmeJ 11 mY-~ 1.1.11~ L Yl t1 1 ~ 111'l~~\J1fiUJ.fl1'Yii.'l mui'i 11~1iiVi1'1V11~ 1 t1 ii L ih111:u1 tJ

' " L~ tJ1 n\J el\J'il ~'Vh 1 ~i.'l ()1\J i'il1~1ii fiU.Ifl1'1'11ml LRtJ~ n\J \i~ 1vi' rl1111\J Oi:U11il) li1\J fl1 'li'i 11,.1-ff\J.;{\J li1\J

L Ylm uumi'11 1ui11)L VivmfitJ~~1~f'Ui.'lmui'i11,.1 mi1tJ~1ulli'uil~n01 ~u.11~~1um1\JL 'llliliu~ m1i'i11,.1 turn)~~\J1 ci~Li.'l"i:w i.'lu'\Ji.'I\J\J n1n'\JO\LL11 LL11~~0\Iii1:Um1'ili.'ltl'\Jflrum'l'lrn'li'il1~1 ~~

' . ' 1m~i.'l'i'1~lJ11il'lli1\Jfl1'li'il1,.1.ffu'i{u~;1u LLU~LU\J 4 vi'1u

18 ~~-d ~ ~ . .

111(9)'Hi1'U~1'Wfltu.n1Y'l~L~tJ'U ih1~'VIll~ 8 ll1\1l'Hi1'U Ma :U1\1l'HnuYi 1 2 3 4 s 6 7 8 - ' 'U ..... ...

,... ,. ..,.~ ...,. .,I lJ11il)li1\J0\1\Jfl1)L)tJ\Jfl1)i.'ltl\J :UV1~111:UO\ 2 lJ11ii'lli1\J fltl :U11ii'lli1\JV1 9 10

~ ~ ~ . '

:U11il)\i1\Jvl1\JI11'l'U"J1111)LL11~f11)<ij'O\fl1)i'll1~1 :ih1~111:UO\ 6 lJ11ii'lli1\J fit~ lJ11il)\i1\J Vi 11 12 13 ~ ~ ~

14 15 16 . '

lJ11ii)li1\Jii1'1\Jfl1)-w'~\J1'li:U'll\JLLvi~I11)L~tJ\Jf iiYI~111:UO\ 2 lJ11ii)li1\J Ail :U11il)li1\JVi 17 18 ..... , 'U .a "'"

'il1 11'!1 t1'U'1i 1 tJ 1111i~ EJ ~~11 <i11 ~'i <5' v\i ~ 1vi''l! 1:u11i L tJ um ti'\J 1 u m 11111 m1:u<i':u~u 1h~111-l1~

111'l'U"i1111) bOIEJ 1 iit) ~ L ~ tl\J L U\J\i1\J n'\JlJ11l1)1i1\J vl1\JfJ11 fJii lil1 \J 1) ~ L~[J\J L V1 1'1'\J 111 11<i:U 11111111~1 ~ ~ '

Vltl ~ ~\J.yj 5 L Yl tJ 1 1111vi'-ilti fi11:U'il 1 ~-Yl L U\Jtl )~ LtJ'llU<i' 1111~'\J 111)~~ \J1 fl U.l.fl1'1'1 fl1) i'l 11,.1'11 ti~Vlti~~\J ' 1~~~~;ff\J~eJ1tJ ~~.yjL\i.'I0\~1\JLLfJ\J.fliJ~ 1 •



~hOau (Input)

• uhJU11'J

• Ufli11m '

• ~uth::mru

• i'MJ~tlrmu

fli11'ViLL'l~i>\'mJ (Context)

e <1il1'WVI1~LI'I~~.ijfi'il

• <1il1'WVI1~<i'~fl:U

m~tnum~ (Process)

• n1'i~111fi1~L~I'J'Ufi1~<1<JU

• m~ULVII'I

iia:uailaunilu (Feedback) v

11

~Ja~Jalil (Output)

• ~i!.i'!J(jl'lt1'11~rm L'lmJ'ileN1Tm'lvu

• ii1Jl11~LL1111llil!J

~!J1 : Daniel Katz and Robert L. Kahn, The Social Psychology of Organization, 2nd

ed. (New York: John Wiley & Son, 1978), 20. ~ ~ ~ 1-~ - 4 ( w

: 'il'IJVI~1'U <1~1'U1.11:U, Vlt;j~~LLi1l:LI.t11'jJUii1 L)Jfi1'j\J1\11'j<1tn'UI'In1:11 n1~L VI'W"1 : 'ljfl

'Wili'J'I'i', 2545), 21. ocv ., 4 u..., M ..,., It ....

: <11Un~11.1Li1'll1lln1~M11n1~1'1n~1, <1111'1'1 'il\lU'UU.<J::'UII'VI1n1~:WI'IJlJ'i1lJ'Un1'itJ~\JJ'i

tt<J::~~m1~,m~flru::m'lvm'l<1mJJ~m;1.fflJ~Uii1lJ (m~tVJ'W"1 : 1X1~1Xu~1u,J1n111m'Wi'i:w.n, 2547) ... . , '79.

. - tl v ""' ,.,. J - 4 1 4 : m:w<1~t<n:um~ nm<J~VJ<J~(l'U, ~ld<ln1'iD::LlJUfjrutn'Wfi1'il'ln'1:!1il11'LlJiilml.ll'ln~1 CV ..... 6' I V .,;,

iil~n111'iNflm11nfl'l'imnJJmN(llJ (m~tVJm: :u.t/.VJ., 2553), 26-30. '



12

11'1.1'1~ flf1~1if lu;;hu'lle:J1n1~U 'hn~ lvw 1m ~1 L ~ fl'IJL U'IHi1'1J ~'l~ fJ 1 if u. '1.11 i-1~VIi:1' f) m~ ~ .

U~V11~ L~fl 1m ~1L~ fl'IJL U'U.:J1'U'lle:J1i:111Tn11'\JLi:l'!l1iln1~;;'1.fl1n1~Pimn ~1'lh~ ne:JUvl'lfl 6 vl1'\J i'iB

1) Vli:1'nm~m~'il1flil1'1.11'il (decentralization) 2) Vli:1'nm~u~VI1~1'l'IJLB1 (self-manasement)

3) Vli:1'nm~u~VI1~U. uuihi11J~'llJ (participation) 4) Vli:1'nm~iifi11~~'111LL uu L~BV1'4'1J (supportive leadership) 5) Vli:1'nm~~111l'IJ1~1~~uu (whole school approach) U.i:l::

..... !1.1 .d cv 19 ll ... 14

6) Vli:lf1f111lJ'Y'I~BlJ'Vl'il::~um~m1'il;;'IBU (accountability) LLi:l~mm.:J1'1.1m'IJ~i:l~i:ll'l'il1f1~lJB

nwtJ~::Liiuflrum'Vi m~Pi mnm11 1 u;;'lmuiiin,.1.11n~e:J1fin~'ll nmB1.i1'1JYJB1~'1J 11 l'11u i'iB • 1) ~L~fluiiflMi~~)j 'il~flo~~)j LLi:l::R1UfllJ~w1'l1~~"'1fi 2) ~L~I'Juii'iim.hun 1 um~e:Ju-rn~u.i:l::

'U , 'U ,

~111l'1.11~1u.1~;;\'BlJ 3) ~L~mJiiVi'nw:: 1unwv'h11u -rnm~vl111u ;;'11m~nvl111'1.1~1lJnuM~u 1~ LLi:l:: • • ii L'ill'lfl~~~vi BB1ii'Y'I'j'il~l'l 4) ~ L~fl'IJUf111lJ;;'i1lJ11() 1 '1.1 m~ 1-\~'J Lf1~1:: '1<1 i-\~.11 Lm1::'1<1 :U'i'i!1~ru (\!1ru

Uf111lJi-11'1;;'1~11;;'1~~fl i-11'111'l~meH i-11'1LL UUB1A~1lJ~1~~uu LLi:l:::U'i.11'JVi'l'lu 5) ~L~tJ'IJUf111lJiu.i:1:: VI n,.~~,J1 L U'IJI'l1lJVIi:1'n;;'l 1>1~ 6) ~ L ~ f!u:UV\n,.:: 1 u m~ U.;;'I11VI1fl11lJ~~1 tJ 1'1'1.1 L€!1 -rn m~ L~ EJ'IJ ~ LLi:l::

'U 'II \1 'U

~111l'IJ11'l'IJLB1mh~vim ~€!1 7) ~L~tJ'IJU;;'I'lJU.1fJ ;;'l'!li11'Y'I.fl1tJ U.i:l~;;'i'!lil1W'iil'l~~ 8) ~L~tJ'IJ \1 , , , 'U

U;;'I'IJ'Vl~flm'Y'ILLi:l::;;\'n,.ru::il;;i'fl~1'1Ji'li:1'll:: 1'1'1.11>1~ n'l'l1 9) ~L~fl'IJLU'IJ;;'IlJ1iin~~'lle:J~mBuf1~1 '!llJ'!l'IJ • • • ;;j~fl)J U.i:l~'\Jfiu~l'l'IJ mm ~UBU'\J~~'Il1il'l111'l flel'IJU'Y'I~~lJVI1 n,;l'l~tJ'Vl11L U'IJ'\J~~lJ'!l 1 0) ~U~VI1~ "' ' . "'muPin,.1 m LLi:l::um ~tJ'IJUflrum'Y'IL i'lu~tJBlJ-rU'lle:J1~'llnme:J1LLi:l::'!llJ'Il'IJ 11) 01muPin,.1 'II , 'U ,

UlJ11'l~\l1'1JL i'lu~w1'Y'IB1 'il U.i:l~ 11 e:JlJ-ru Ll'l 11~'\J nm e:J1 LLi:l::'lllJ'Il'IJ 1 ~m~;;'I'!Tul'luu u.i:1:::U.i1'1.1~1lJ 1 u m~ ~ 'U , ,

..... - 20 1 d 'Y'I111l'IJ1n1~1'1f1,.1 ii'1LL;;'II'I~ 'IJU.i:J'1Jf1ii'Vl 2 •

19 0 U Q Q/ i1 CV ij q I I l ""' ;;'i1'1Jf1~1'1JLi:1'1115n1~;;'i.fl1n111'1~,.~· ('l.fl1W 'il'!11'1JLLi:ll:f\!111101)lJ?i'l'IJ)11U.I01')11)1111)

LLi:l~i~m1'li<Nflru::m)lJ01~l'lmuPin'rmi'uil'umu (m~L'Vl'Vi"l : ~11~u.i1u,J1n~.rn'Y'1Vim{ 2547) ""' , , ' '79.

20 I ""' .. I ll .,: 1.<:9 ""' ""' 1 ""' f)'l)J;;'i~ L;;'I~)Jn1~ u f)fl~B~'VIB1Cl'IJ. fl)Je:J n1)'1 i1::L:W'1Jfl ru.fl1'1'101)f'\0,.1.fl1tJ 'IJ;;'ii:\1'1Jf'!f1W1 v i

;;i'10I'IrHfinnJnmB1.i1'1JYJB1~'1J (m~L'Vl'Y'I"l: lJ.'\J.'Vl., 2553), 26-30. '



1. 'VI<i'nnTml~'il1tJ<huTil (X1l

2. 'VI<i'nnTl'U~'VI1~1'1'UL<J~ (X2l

3. 'VI<i'nm~'U~'VI1~LL'U'UiJci1'U~1l.J (X3)

4. 'VI<i'nm~ilm1~~'-lhL'U'UL~<J'VI'U'U (X.l . ' 5. 'VI<i'nm~'WYl!u1i~~::uu (Xsl

6. 'VI<i'nm1l.J'I'I~Bl.J~'il~'ium~m1'ii?I<J'U (X6)

-

13

3. ~L~vuih'in,;~1umwh~1\J 'l'nmwh~11.1 l11m~mh~1u • ~1WlU~~uhi' U.~~iiLil~!'l~yj~IJiilmii'l'llfil~~ (Y3) . '

4. ~~~vuiim11Jll1!J1~tJ1um~fi~iLm1~1f fi~i1'1L!'l~1~1f il • 'iii1~Wf.\!1W iim1!Ji'i~a-l'1~a~~fi i'\~111l~mm Fi~u.uu

il~f\~11J~1~~uu ~~~~m.rvV\ml (Y .l 5. ~~~ v1.1ilm1l.J-l'u.~~V\n,;~v\1i1L i'lulll11J'VIli'n~m (Y 5) • • 6. ~~~VtiiiV\n,;~ 1 \Jnl~LLll1~1111F\111Jfvi'1VIJl1JLiJ1 { nm~L~V\Ji

Llil~~.U1.11~\JLil1ilth~llim~il~ (Y 6)

7. ~~~vtiiill'!Jii;.i'v li'!Jil1'1'1111V ~~~~ll'!llll'l'l~~yj~ (Y 7) " . . . (Y8)

9. ~~~V1JLi'Jllli!J1iinv\~'1Jil~!'l~i1Ufl'i'1 '1!1l'llti i1'~fl1J U.llt

tlij~lli1Jill11l1~Uilntl~~'!J1TitJ1IliVB1Jii'I'I~~1JVI1n'!ffi~Ei

'lmLi'JutJ~~I.!'!I (Y9)

10. ~U~VI1~llfJ11.1i'in,;1 1'11 U.i~~'\l'm~tJUiii'IWI11'1'1LtJtiv\ . . '

11. am1.1i'in,;1il!J11lii.!j11.1Ltltiv\Yl~mJ liJ u.~~VB1l'l'u 1~v ~tl nR~ il1 LLil~'111l'liU1li' m ~a'll'u lltiti u.<~ ~ii~1u~11J 1 um~ . . '



14

'il 1 n f11'j 1 ~ vfl~ ~ dHil-ii ii 'il r'h 111~ 1 'W L ~ 'il~ 'tl'il~mm ~1'W ~1'W c.~<1 c.~ i1 Ill Llll vu -rm 1 nfiil 'il rn 'j ~ .

U'j:! Lil'W fl rumvt f11'j i'i mnm v 1 'W<1 111'\J i'imn<i'~nlllv1fim 1J n fl 'j v1<i1 'WVJ 'il1 ~'W ~1 L U'W m1~.,~1 v '

rn-;u~vm llllv t'lih~ L~V'WL U'W ~1'W .,mv1i1 1.1. 'W'lA!ll 1'W f11'>~1llf11'> i'i mn'tl'il1 h1 L~ V'W<i'1 nlll

v1fimu n fl 'j'iJ~<i1'WVJ'il~~'W llllv n1'> m:!'i11cl'il1'W1'ilf11'>~1ll rn-;i'imn'il1n<i1'W n<1111u~l 'j1 L~ I'J'W

L\lli'J\l)'j1 1m 'j1 L~I'J'WilB1'W1'il fl11~-r'Uillll'tl'il'U'U~,1'j11'W'il ~1~ilB<1'j:! IJ.(l:!fl<iv~lli'11 'W f11'j'lJ~,1'j

~lllf11'j i'l11f11'l 1'UU'l:!mru 'Uflm m 1.1.<1:!f11'l'U~1-11'jvi'111J mv 1~flru~m'j~f11'j~~\J'j:!f1'il'U~11'J li'U~1.11'j fl'j LL<1:! fl ru~m .,~ ~1'j<1 m'Wi'i n,;1.ff'W~'W ~1'W L viv1 Vlf11'j~\ll f11'ji'in,;1 L U'W 1ulllli'J f11'j . . ~

il<i1'W~1:w LL<1:!\ll'j1fl11~~'il~f11'j'!J'iJ1li1Jnfl'j'iJ1 liL1!J'W 1.1.<1:!'ll~'ll'W U'j:!f1'il'U~1!J . . ' 1. 1-1<1 f1f11'jf1'j:!'i11!JB1'W1'il (decentralization) fiB f11'jfi'WB1'W1'iJf11'j~\llf11'ji'imn 1 Vfil'U

U'j~'l11'll'W L 'li'WL~ I'J1ti''U f11'j<11tl1'l ru<1'tl ~~ f11'j-r f11;1'Yt !J1'U1<1 'iJ:! 'il ~h 1'Yt!J1'U1<1 L U'W n 'iJ f1'j'j~'j:!,l11 ' .

1.1~'il tl'Ufl'W 1,) 1~ 1 'li'il~~f1'j:!'V]'j11<11tl1'j ru<1'tl f11'ji'in,;1nL 'li'WL~!J1il'W L U'Wn'il f)'j'j~vtt 'j 1 L 1 !J'\J'j:!1.1l1~ . ' mti''U'w m ~!J'W 1li1 'lim :!'Vl'j1~i'in,;11lf11'j <if~ 1 'Wiil1~ U'j:! L 'Vll'lilf11'j n 'j:!'il1!JB1'W1'il 'il1n-rliLL<1:iL 'tllll . ~

f11'li'in,;111J EJ~ L 'l~L ~!J'W 1 'W<i1'W'!J'il~U'l:!L 'Vll'l1 'Vl!J n'il :!ilf11'j m:!'i11!J el1'W1'il'il1 n<i1'W nm11.1.<1:! L '!Jill~'W~ m'li'imn 1uEY~<1m'Wi'in,;1 m~ vt.'j .. 'U. m'li'in,;1LL'I-i~'l11~iL 'li'WL~!J1il'W

2. 1.1<i'f1f11'l'U~1.11'llll'WL'il~ (self-manasement) <1tn'Wi'in,;1'il:!ilB<1'j:! 1 'Wf11'llli'lll1i'W h~1!J

lll'W w~m nil' 'W .rnv 1~ rn 'l'U ~.,1 .,1 'W 'lU 'tl 'il~B~fifl ru :!'U fl fl<1 fi 'il flru:! m .,~ rn 'll'l ~ L 1 !J'W 1-11 'il . ' fl ru:! m .,~ m., i'i n 'tn

3. 1-1<i'nm'l'U~1.11'lLL 'U'Uil<i1'W~1~ (participation) '!i'il~~il<i1'W 1~<i1'WLil !J L'li'W ~unmm

'll~'ll'W i'i,;<hrh <11~1'j(lil<i1'W'i'1~n1~1ll'WL!J'U1!J 1.1.<1:!LLc.!'W lli'llli1'WL'il n11-1'Will,<i'n<11ll'lVJ'il~~'W 'i'1~i'illl ' . ~·~v'h "1<1"1 LL<1:! uil'il:!'U~1.11'lL\ll!J'il~fiflru:!'Uflfl<1nlll1~ ~'il~L ii'Wf11'jf1'j:!'iJ11'J L'ilf11<11u1 vrvr.5~~~

' B~fim L vivl!J~ L!J 1 Vf'Vl nfl'W 1~L ·ihmil<i1'W~1~mn~<11ll

' ' 4. ,_,;;rf1f11'jilfl11:!liU11.1. 'U'UL~'il1.1'W'W (facilitative leadership) 1~1 'lii111:!liU1LL 'U'Utu1 . ' .

1.11 vi~ f11'j LL Iii LiJ 'Wi111:! lJ U 1~ L if'W f11'j<1 if'U <1'\J 'W 1.1.<1:! el1 'W1 !J f\11 ~ <1:! \ll1 f1 . ' 5. 1-1<i'f1f11'j~\liJ'W1~1'j:!'lJ'U (whole school approach) ilm'ju-r'U~~L'WL~'il~lm~<111~

LL<1:!l\lii'Wtl'j'j~'!J'il1mfim Llll!J 1 '\Jf11'j L 1J~!J'WI.I.U<11 ~'il1 1 Vl'j:!'lJ'U~11.1~1ll L ii'W~1 !J LL<1 :!<1U'U<1'W'W '

6 . .,;;r f1fl11~-r'Uillll'll'il'U~m1'il<1 'il'U 1~ (accountability) Ulv h1L1 !J'W 1M'UB<1'j:!IJ.(1:!el1'W1'il~1 n~'il1LL<1\ll~fl11~-r'Uillll'll'il'U~'il:! 1Vfilf11'j\l)'j1'iJ<1'il'U L viv1 Vlf11'j'lJ~,1'j 1.1.<1:!~\l)f11'ji'in,;1 L U'W 1um~ mm.Ji1'W~n11-1'Will H



15

lJ1~~.ij1'1JthUWI!Wa~ '11ll1tJfi~ m~unu&i L ~at ~LiiOJFI11lJci'1L ~'il'lleN h~L~ tJ'IJvl<l1lJ111l

11ll n'IJ Yi1'11ihvlt ~1J ~~~~ L U1'11ll1 tJ U.ll ~-r OJ()U~ ~<I~ A'll !)~ a~fi n1 ~..r~dLnOJ'il1n n11U ~~ Lii'IJ l'l\1J.f1 1'Vi • • • m tJ t u <~ 11 1u Pi n~1 'll a~u l'l m mvl<11m ~.,toil l'l11ll-l' l'l11ll<l1ll 1 ~ mLm:u~ ~ <~u n1 ~cit u n1 ~ ' . 1J~'I111~1'1J unU'&i~1'1J t ~ LiiOJWII\i11lJ L U1'11).11tJ'll!l~ 1 ~~L~tJ'Wvl~~L!l1 H~~v11t ~LiiOJI'l11lJ¥i~Yi!l1'ilt 'IJ

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1m 1~b~tJUL Utill1ti 'l-I~Bb Util'l'UEJf1<l1~'!JB~f1111J1t-~11Lt<l~~llln11i'in.,.1~.im ~8~Lt<l~ct~1i'U ~~~ - . i11rlW'!JB~tl1~LU~tJ'UL\U<l~fl AB tl111J1'1-111lllltJ1-&'11~L~tJ'ULU'Uil1'U (SBM) . .

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Based Management t-~~B Site-Based Management t-~~8 SBM ,T'U iimU'UbL'U1f111:Wfilllt-~~~1'Wm1 u~m1 Lb<l~~111n11fin.,.1 bL 'W1fillln111J~t-111llllt! 1m 1~b~tJ'UbU'U)i1'U Lfilll;j''U 1'W1~q~fi'i1Q~<'11t-~m1lJ

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l;j<l'U5<'111ll'l'l-<'11)~1~1'1, 2541), 26-30.

16



17

'!Jil~U'l ~ L 'Vlf'iill-1-i'\'iil L).J~.f\1 LoWilf111).JL ~ilb 1J~U~l-1W;h(hvh L ~~·J1).]~1'\JVlWW L 'l e.Jat:.J1Jil1 n'il~ ~ .

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24

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1"' ~ " 25 'liL'l~L'ltJ'\JLU'\J.lj1'\J (school-based management)

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18

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27 J.L. David, "Synthesis of Research on School-Based Management,"

Educational Leadership 46 (1989) : 11-33. 28

C. Jr. Edley , A World Class School for Every Child · The Challenge of

Reform in Pennsylvania (Boston : Harvard University Law School, 1992), 65. 29

Brian J. Callwell and J.M. Spinks, The Self-Managing School. (London :

The Flamer Press, 1988), 17-18.



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30 Dorothy Myers, and Robert Stonehill, School-Based Management [Online],

accessed 25 November 2010. Available from http://www.ed.gov/pubs/OR/Consumer

Guides/baseman.html 31 .

Y1n Cheng, School Effectiveness and School-Based Management · A

Mechanism for Development (Washington, D.C. : The Falmer Press, 1996), 68-73. 321'in~~(i) lJ1!'i~(i).J, "fl1'l'U~'VI1'l 1(i)tJ 1m 'l~L:jtJ'Ub tJU.Jj1'U : Lb 'U1fi(i)<I1A(\J<I1'VI'i''Ufl1'l

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LM EJ'loii81num~ n1111'tJ~Yif'I'Vl1~ LL<i~ m~u"11111~11u 1 ~1L~vumh~ LL VJ'J1~ i.1muuVi\llJ'tJ1~U"1'1-11~m~~n,;1 1oi'mi111i~'l-l<i'nrmu"11111~L~EJ1i1~~L~tJ1.1LU'tJii1'tJ ~~.Q . ~

1. 111<i'nm~m~"il1fJel1'tJ1'J (decentralization) LLiil L~:wm~~~m~~ flj,}1'J~~1:Wf'l'tJEJ • eJ1'tJ1'J HYl?i1unm~11111'lvtJfiu1i fia 1.1 mu ~ n,_,1'J~ill8~ ~Bfuu 1mn v~u't.i ~~:w1ru LLil ::'VlfYI v1m

lli1~ 'l lililB~'J'tJn1~n11111.1~LL 'tJ1VI1~11i1L U'tJ~11.1'J1fl?i11.1fli11~L fim111 'I.JtJ i1~ LLil~'J~!lflfi11JfllJ "' . . 1~va11.1nm~ 111~8~Yltoi'fu:wauei'11.11'J ~~vh11Xm~u"11111mu1:iJfl<iB~Ili1 <i1i1 Wi.1B~fl<i'B~nu m1:willmm~m1:w'ii'1LU1.1"11m h~L~tJ1.1 LLil~~fuu~m~ ~'t.ii1u11~1uii~.r~ LLil~ WYIB h LY1~1~1:U . . "' ilei'11.11'J 1um~lli~1iu hi111tJiii'IJL8~ m~m~'J1tJ LLil~lJ81JeJ11J1'J 1 1XVI'W1EJ~1u't.ifi~ "i!~'l11l Vi'Ln~

fl11lJ Bi.1~~ LLil ~ fl <i B11li111J fl1~1J ~1111~-iJ ~ fl1~1li1 LB ~ ilfi11:W fu ~ ~'l!BU ~~ nfi~lii'IJ LB ~ LLil:: • 'li1 m 1111'\Biii'IJLB~ 1i1\ i.11lJ1~!l~~fl1~rl1JU!)!V11Yl Lfi~~'IJ L'IJ 1 ~~L ~tJ'IJ 1i1\ mh~Vl'IJvJ11Vi LLill: L 111lJ1l:i.1:Wrl1J

i.1i11YI"11B~ h~L~tJ'IJ '1111 ~'(-~1L~EJ'IJiJfl11lJL -iJ:wu ~1 rl1111futJ~:: L 'VIPI1 'VltJ Yl~l:~1'l!U!)!!)!'1ifl1~~flj,j1

LLvi1'll1~ YI.PI. 2542 lJ11i1>1 39 1oi'n11111J~1Vf m~m1~fl1~'J1tJB11J1'Jfl1~1J~1111~ LLill:fl1~ •

~~m~~n,;1 Vi~oi'1u'i'll1fl1~ ~u't.i~~mru n1~U"11111~1Jflflil LLil~fl1~1J~1111~vi'11 tJ1 tJ 1)~ '

35 ' - • I • ~ - 1 1 ~ Q i'l 1 ~ • ~ fl':i:Wi.1~Li.1~:Wfl1~uflfi~B~'V18~!l'IJ, fl1'~11]1111'Ultl 'll~~~mi'UL1J.ij11J 1Jn1]YI?lJ1JJ'Vl"il-l(l'U

(fl\~L'VIYI'1: :W.U.'Vl., 2551), 16.



23

l'lru~m~:UnTi 1.1.10~<1' 1U mTtJn1~iii flW11'11<1'U1LL10~ll'li'Uli~~:UL '!11'1~'\J~ m~iii flW1 LL10~<1m'UiiiflW11 'UL '!I 1'1

~'U~m~iiinw111'1~1'1~~ 11'1~'>1<1' mnru'11 u.10~'l6m~ 1~L'\J'U 1tim:un!Jm~vm~ .r~~'U Am'UiiiflW1'il~il B1'U1'ii'Y11J1~ l'l'l1:ufui11'1'lJ<l1J LL10~ilm1:udJ'UBl1~~ h~L~~'U'ilnU'U.ij1'U'!I<J~m~m~'il11'JB1'U1'il LL10~fl1~L tJ~ I'J'UU. U10~ ~~~1 l'iJ'!J€l~fl1~~llL U 'Ufl11L Ylvm~Lti~ I'J'ULLtim<J~ 1~iJ fl M11'Yl ~ €l fl1~tif1JL tJ~ ~'U

' 1m~ <rl' 1~ n1 ~ u ').., 1~ <1 ll 1'\J Pi nw11 ~il<1' nwru~ '!I v ~ n1~ m ~ 'il11'J !l1 'U 1 'il 1.1.10 ~ m ~ ~ m'h u.~ 'U~ l'li'U1

<1m'Uiiinw1 11'1CJill'lru~m5:um~Am'Uiiinw1 LL10~uflmm 1 'U 1 'l"~L~ CJ'U11:un'U~1L i'l'Ufl11n'ilm'l":u '

lli1~ '11'U 1 'l"~L~CJ'U 'il~ m~'il1~ 1 tl~~tlfiu~1 'U'l"ti'llv~l'lru~m~:un11 ..,~vVi:u~1'Uv~1~vi'11i~ " '\J -.J "

l'lru~ m~:Ufl11<1m'Uiii fl'l:t1'il ~il'Ylu1~rhnu l1U1Jl1'U'U LL10~~~ L<1'i:u~u'im1 h ~L~~'U~~L U'ULi'M'U tm ' v '

l'l~m5:ufl1)<1m'Uiiinw1'il~Ltiw!ill'li'i'U1'il.t~nTI 1'11:ufl11:uLii'U'!I€l1J'!Jrnl'l~m5:um1<1ll1'Uiiinw1 v

2. 'Y1<1'nm~u'i'Y1111'l'UL€l~ (self-management) l1m'Uiiif1'1:t1'il~1J'i'Y111f111~1'1fl15n'ilm'l":U

lli1~ '1 ~1~1'1'\JL<l~ '41'1!01fl1LLili10~~1'U u.lli10~e:J1~'il~11:Utl'U11~LL~'U~1LU'Ufl1~ 1.1.10~ti~~Lii'U~10

m5tlfiu~~1'U'llv~I'I'U 11'1~vh 1 'U ~tl v~Fil'l ru~ul'lfl10 ..,~vl'lru~m1:um1 LL10~'il ~11:ufu 111'1'llv1J "' . ' 1'\LLmLm'!li:Jrum ~l'li'U1~1'U'!Im\i\'U€l~1~1'1~1J1~'il'l" ~~1J1Jfl111J'iV!1~~1'U'!I!Nl1m'Uiiif1'1:t1 LLili10~LLl-i~ v •

m'il'il~ilm1:ULL\i\nlli 1~n'U 1 tl\i\1:Ul1m'Ylm1:UL Vtm~<~:u LL10~fl11:U'Yl-i'B:u'!lm 1 'l"~L~ ~'U m1u'im1~" fl1)

11'1~ 1-ii1) ~ L~ ~'UL U'U li1'U ilm 1:u Rl'll1fl1)~1 L i'l'U fl1 1~ 'il~vh 1 ~m~10 L \h'Ylm ~ B1'ilil'l6m~~ ~ '

11!10 1 f1'>110 11'J l) ~ L ~ I'J'Ui5~1'111<11:1J11()1J 'i'Y11 ~~ 1'\J 1~ \i\1:Ul1()1'U fl1 ~ ru~ L U 'U 'il 'j ~ 1111..i1 ~~1'U~1'U f1 10 1~ "~v11'>1U1~n1'Yl'UI'I'U 1~u1~ u.10n th'Ylm~)1:um1~ LL<i'11~!l1'U1'il LL10~m1:uL ti'UB<~'l"~u.ri l ~~L ~I'J'Uyj'il~W'il1)UI1 LliBn'J6ti5U~I'\1:U;ln~Jl1'Yl'!J!l~ 1 1~ L~~'U ~11'J'JG fl1~ll 'il~vl11 m )~L ~ ~'U l11:1J1~()1J'jV!11\i\'UL!l~ 1~

3. 'Y1<1'fln1)1J'iV!1)LL1J1Jil~1'U11:U'!IB~€il~1'U1~~1'ULil~ (participation of stakes holders)

111<1' n m ~<1'1 ri' qJ'!IB~ m 11J'i'Y11~~ 1'1 m~ 11'1~ 1-ii1 1 ~ L ~ ~ 'UL U'U .ij1 'U~'il~ r;l B~U1'4 fll'l10~il~1'U L~m 'li' B~ nu

<1 ll 1'\J Pi n,;1:u111:uu 'i'Y11 ~~ 1'1 n 1 ~iii f1'1:t1 li'II'J L ~ :u ~ ~ u.lli m ~~" 1 ~ill'! ru ~ m ~:u n 1~ Am'U iii n,;1

(school board V!~B school council) ~~tl~~f1!l1J~1~ ~LL'Vl'U~tlnmB~ ~U.'Vl'UI'!O ~U.'Vl'U 'U" 'U '\J\1

!l~Am'll:U'll'U ~LL 'Vl'U!l~Flmtl f11'l'l"!l~~1'UVl!l~~'U ~ LL 'Vl'Ui'i'l:t~ Lrl1<1m'Uiiin,;1 1.1.10~~'Vl~~flru1~ ~" 'U 'U ,,

vi1wu1~ti1ti'u ~~L<~'i:u <~uu<~'U'Un'ilm~:u'!IB~llm'Uiiimn (m\i\)1 40) flru~m 1Jfll'lmm1'U ' v '

h~L~fl'U €tJnmB~ LL10~'l!:U'll'U 'il~L'li'1:u1iJ1J'Vl1J1'Vl1'Uf111~1LU'Un'ilm'l":Uili1~ '1 '!JB~h~L~~'U il~1'U11:U 1 'U fl111ill'li'i'U 1'il11~ LL~'U~1 L U'Ufl11 LL10~ LLm '!1Uqj'Y111li1~ '1 fl1~vl1~1'UiJ.i'n'l:tru~fl11 vl1~1'UL D'WVi:um~~l'li'U1 L tl~ fl'U u. tl10~~~ 11'1 'VI n~1'U 1 'U!l~Afl11'il~~!l~ L ii'U ~1 ~ 'VI f1fl'U'il~il m1:u-i'a n

' ' . LiJ'UL ~ 1'!1m~1'Uili 1~ '1 LL10~iJI'l'l1:U ~~ 1 'il~'il~vl1~1'U 1 ~Lnl'\~10<1'1 L 1'ill1~<11'1 ~~'il~vl11 ~fl111J'i'Y1Ti ~1'\J

v '

'11!l~l1m'Uiiin,;1ilti~~i'i'Vliitn'Yl LLA~ti~~i'i'Vlii~10<1~~~;ff'U v

4. Vt<1'nm~m1:ufu111'1'll€l1J~I'I11'ill1B1J 1~ (accountability) LiiB<Im'Uiiin,;1ilB<1)~ 1 'U

m~u'iVt1~~1'1fl1) MB~ilm1:ufu11111'llBulliB~10~1'U~Lnl11:fi''U u.10~Vl-i'B:uvi'il~ 1 ~\i\~1'ill1B1J L YlB1~ fl1 ~1J 'iV!1)~ 111 fl1) L U'U 1 tl (;) 1:uvi:u 1\i\ ~.ij1'U n1V!'U 1'1 l111 flll ()1'\J iii fl'l:t1'il ~~ B~ilfl1 )1J 1'>11 ~~ 111 n 1)



24

?tmui'l n,n 1 ~ii F1 fW11YI ii F1 rum1l.J ii F111l.J 1 'll~ ~ 1?1 Lt<l~~ 11rvi 111rn1um1lii1L il 'U~1'UI.?I'UB.i Hm.i1rn1u ' ' !ifu<l~ii'111 'l-1ti1CJ~1'U.yj LMm-iiB~ bb<1~?11511f.1J'll'Ub uu'll1~,;1'Yl nu

36

b'll~ (Cheng) millii~ bb'U1RI11<11ri'ty1umw~m1~111f111LI11tJ1-iib~b1tJubU'U3!1'U 2 'll1~m1 fiB

1 h~L1tJ'UbU'Um.i1m11fi'ru111'1-1~'Um1~1111iuh '1-lmtJii~ m1~1111iu hi~fmv1~m1Bciv1 . . . wti1tJ'll{j'lm iil~Ju ~~F111b ~l.JB1'U1' 1 um1'U~'I-111 bb<1~m1~111m1~u'll1~mru 1 ~ii'u h~L1CJ'Ul.J1f1 .Ji ' 'ti'U Lt<1~<1111m1F11'UF1l.J,1f1?11'Unm~m

' 2. m 1ii~1'U~1l.J bL<l~m1ii'inm1l.JL uwil1't18~ '1-ll.JltJ 1i~m1ii~1'U~ll.J L U'UU-~tJi:l1flty

i1"1-1~um1'llfi~'llm1u~..,11 Lt<1~~111m1i>lmn m1l.Ji:I1L ~-'l1B~m1'llfi~ubJ'bi'Lnl11,1n m1F11'Uf!l.J

,1n.rntJuBn mmLiiiLnl11,1nv1?tl.J1:nn1 u h~L1tJu LL<l~'lll.J'll'U 1.'1~1l.JiiBii'u 1 um1~1111iu h 1 uL~B~ '

LMCJ1tl'Uf111'U~'I-111 Lb<1~m1'll{ju'ii~1u37

BvltJ uru'IJ1~b?l~\l ?11'll'l-11i'nm1111fi'ru'll8~fm'U~'I-111~111m11111CJ 1-ii11~L~CJ'UL U'U\11'1.1 H 'I ~ .... ... 'I .., .a

5 'll1~m1 fiB

1. 'l-11i'nm1m~'i11CJB1'U1' (decentralization) ~~LU'Uf111f11~'1CJB1'U1,fl11~111 m1 i>l mn '1nm~'VI11~ <'i1u nm~ 1 'll1i'~11mui>l n~11 ~mnv1?ti11LI11tJiim1l.J L ~8·i111 ~L1tJuL U'U'I-1ti1 tJ

<1'1fi'ru 1 um1 b 'll~ CJ'U bb 'llm bb<l~ L U'Ubb mi~li'\ii!'U1fl11i>ln~1'll~~b~n~~ 1ilfL tl1111Bm?t1 ~~.yj LMCJ1-iJ8~ . . b\<1~~ii~1'U1.'1~1'UbiitJ (stakeholders) 1Jiii~1'U~1l.J1um1'U~'I-111 ~11111u1, bi.<l~~1l.J~111m1i>ln~ ~.yjij • • ~1'1.1 1Ji'~1'Ubl'itJiivY~F11 ~UflF118~ ~1bL 'VI'U'lll.J'll'U ~1bL 'VI'Ui'i~EJbfh Lb<1~~1b\ 'VI'U11m~CJ'U oi'~J'Ufl11

" " ' v1uFJF1<1 L ..,,i1Juii~.u~1l.J 1 um1~111m1i>l n~1-~vh 1 ~Lni11F111l.J~i'in't1B~f111l.Jb uu L -i11't18~ Lt<l~' ~\'11 ' . 1~iif111l.J~'U~I11'l1B'U1un11~111f111i>ln~1l.J1n~u

2. 'l-11i'nm1il~1'U~1l.J (participation or collaboration or involvement) LU'Uf111

b tl1111Bm?t1 ~~v1LMm-iiB~ bb<l~~v1ii~1'U 1.'1<i1uLi'itJ 1Ji'il~1'U~1l.J 1um1'U~'I-111 ~1l.J~I11au h b\<1~ . " ~1l.J~111m1i>ln~1 ~.yjLMm-ifB~ Lt<t~~.yjij~1'U 1Ji~1'ULi'itJv1i:!1fi'ru 1Ji'Lbn ~'U~'I-111 m ~'llnmB~

'1.1 '1.1 "' '1.1 \1 '1.1

~1Lt'VI'U'l!l.J'll'U ~1LL'VI'UB~rlm'llnf11B~vi'B~~u ~1LL'VIui'i~ElLn1 LL<t~~lbL'VIu11m~tJu Ltlu!ifu m1

v1'tl f1 fl<t Iii'~ n<i 111Ji'ii~1 u ~.l.J 1 u m1~111 m1 i'l n~1-~ Ln 111 f111l.Jii1 n L uu L -if1't18~\'l11 ~il m1l.Jii1 nv1, ~ ~'U~I11'l1BU1un11~111f111i'ln~1l.J1n~u

3. 'l-11i'nm1R'UB1'U1,~111m1i'ln~11~'ll1~'l11'll'U (retum power to people) L'U8~111f111~111

m1i'ln~1 -~l'l1n'U'I-1mn'l-1mtJ LI11CJ1'118'UF1~1 bb<t~'lll.J'll'U u1~Lt vi~ 1~1111 '1-l~BB~rlm 1 uvi'B~~'UL i'lu '

~1111 L ilum1 Iii Bm 1J~iim111l.Jm1~111m1i'ln~11 'll1 ~m~'V111~i>ln~11lm1~'U~I11'l18'UL Yi<~1 ~Li\111 L8f1.fi1YI b\<1~l.J111113i1'U'V11~f111fif1~1 bL.iLiJ<J'IJ1~'l11f11L~l.Jl.J1f1~'U F111l.JL-~tyfl1l'I-1U1.i1~ '1 b uu 1'll<~ci1~11111L 1• m1~111m1i>ln~11111tJ~1unm~~~L~l.Jii-iiBii'111 Ln111m1l.J1i1ih b\<t~ bJ.,<~u?tu<~~m1l.J ili'B~f111'ti8~~L1CJ'U bL<t ~'l!l.J'll'U8 ci1~ LL VJ'il~~ ~~!if<J~iim1R'UB1'U1'il 1 ~Vl8~~'U 1 ~'ll1~'l11'll'U 1Ji'?t1l.J11(1

36 .......... lJ..,. ~ ?f[)1'U'Ufl11YI\ii!'U1~'U1'1-111fl11flf1~1,

m1li'\ii!'U1~u~m1m1i'ln~1. 2548), 16-17. 37 .

Y1n Cheng, School Effectiveness and School-Based Management · A

Mechanism for Development (Washington, D.C. : The Falmer Press, 1996), 70-72.



25

-ii~rn1Pin,.1LeN l•m 11Xem'irn1tlnfl1il~<i1uYfil~~u fl1ilUfl~1 il~fim 'lllJ'll'W <1mut11:milurn1 '

iiii'Vl5-ii~rn1Pi n,.1 Hi 'l-l~ilrn1ii~1LL 'Vl'U'lllJ'll'U~\J nA1il~ il~fimtln A1il~<i1'UYlil~ ~'U il~ fi n':i'lllJ'll'U ' " '

1 tl~1lJ L V'Uflru:m11lJ rn1 l1~ L~ 1!'\J

4. 'l-l.i'nrn1U~'I-I11\li'ULil~ (self-management) 1 'U1~UU rn1Pin,.1~11 til!n'il~fl1'1-1'\J~ 11X

l1~L~1J'UL tJ"Uwu11Jtljju~mlJ'U l1lu11J'!m~<i1"Umm l1~L~1J'U hiiiil1'W1'ilmh~ u. Yi'il~~ LLI'i<i'1'1-1~u

rn1U~'I-I11 1~1! 1 'li11 ~ L~1J'UL iJu .Ji1'U,j'U 1lJ 1•'i1Jjj LG'IliL~il~nwvh~1'U 11Xm1ij L U1'1-1U11JLL<1~'U L8U1 !l'llil~ <i1'U11lJ LLI'i L ~ 81116 nwvh~1'U 11Xu1110 L U1'1-1lJ11J,juvl1111i'l-lm1!16 rn1~<i1'Unm~n1'1-1'U~'U L1J U11J

u.10::L t11,m1J u.<11t1ciil1J 1m 1~L~1J'Ul11~uurn1u~m111i11J\li'ULil~ t~1J 1m 1~b~1J'Uiia1'U1'il ,141~ u.10::fl11lJ~uiJ~'!IilU 1 un11~1 L il'W~1'U ~~ il1'il~1 L U'Un11 111i'l-ll11n'l-ll111J LL 'U1'Vl1~ 11i11J16rn1~ LL\llnl'i1~ti''Uu.l11 u.l'im1lJ'W~illJ LLIO ::<1 m'Urn1ru'llil~ 11~ L~1J'U ~mmliiu1'il::iit11::ii'Vl5m'Wij~n11 L~lJ ~'Vi nil ~1~(1 nn1'1-1'U~m'il1n<i1'Unl11~ 'W-i1'il:: 1~ 1Jm~ ,~il'Vl1~ aiJlJ ' .

5. 'l-l.i'nrn1\ll11'ilG'IilU u.10::ri1~~<1 (check and balance) <i1'Wnm~ii'I-IU1~fl1'1-1'U~'UL1JU11'J ' .,. ~ ..,.. 0 v ..,. ""' ..... ..,.

LLIO::mu fllJmm ~1'\J lJil~flmil<11::'Vl1'1-1'W 1'Vl\ll11'ila ilUfl ru.n 1'W rn1U':i'l-l11 LL<1:: rn 1'il ~ rn1 !'ln,n ' ~ '

L viil 11Xiifl rum'W LLIO:: 11Xl1m\li1~1'UdJ'U 1 tl\ll1lJn 1'1-1'\J~ L 1'1 'U 1 tl\ll1lJ'U WU11J'llil~'ll1~ flru::m1lJFn1'llil ~ ' ~

h~b~ 1J'U'il ::vJ1'1-1U1~\ll':i1'ilG'IilU bLIO ::ri1~~<1~~tl'WLL<1:: tl'ULG'IlJ iJ 38

' .1' 111' n~ 1 'U fl ru:: n 11lJ n 11 n 11 Pi n,.1 u. 'l-1~'!11 ~ 1\iia 1t1 ,.,.r n n11'll il ~ School-Based

Management H 6 tl1::n11 t11::n8ulii11J

1. '1-1.1 n rn1 n 1:: 'il11'J el1'W1'il (Decentralization) l~l'l rn1 fi u el1'U 1'il rn1-ii ~ rn1Pi n,.1"t'IX ti'u

th::'ll1'll'U L'li'UL~I'l1nurn1<11n11ru<1'!1 ~~rn1~mn'WI'J1U1<1'il::mih~'W1!1U1<1 LV'Uii'ilm1m::'l-l11~ ' . 'l-llJiltlUfi'U Hf ~ 1 'liil~~m::'VI':i'NG'I1511(lJG'I'!J n11Pin,.1 nL '!i'U b~I'J1 tl'U b I'J'Un'iln':i1lJm 1~ L~ 1J'U 1::'1-111~ . ' fl1tlUUnb~1J'U 1lJ 1 '!im::'Vl11~i'ln,.15rn1 ~~ L 'U!'i1~t11:: L 'VI !'Iii n11n':i::'il11Jel1'Ul'il'illn~'iiU.10:: L 'll\ll " ~

rn1i'ln,.11 tl 1'1~ l1~ L~1J'U 1 'W<i1'W'!Iil~tl1 n 'Vll'11 'Vl1ln'il ::iirn1 n 1::'il11J i!1'U 1'il 'il1n<i1'Unm~ LLIO:: L '!1\li~'U~ rn1i'ln,.11t11'1~<1m'Ui'ln,.1 mlJ 'W. 1 .. u. rn1i'ln,.1LL 'l-i~'ll1~L'li'WL~1l1n'U

2. 'l-l.i'nrn1U~'I-I11\li'Ubil~ (Self-management) G'lm'Ui'ln,.1'il::iiii<11:: 1 'Un11~~ii'U l'il~bi'J

\li'U Lil~lJl n:ff 'U .f111'J 1!ii n11u~ '1-111 1 'U 1tl'!lil~ il~ fi A ru~u flfll1 fi il fl ru:: m 1lJ rn1 h ~ L ~ I'J'U ,.,~ il " '

flru::m1lJFn1 i'in,.1

3. '1-1.i'nm1u~m1u.uuii<i1'U~1lJ (Partidpation) 'llil~~ii<i1'W1v'ici1'ULi11J (your stakeholders)

L'liu ~tlnfl1m 'lllJ'll'W ~wi"Lti1 <11lJ11(liici1'U~1lJfl1'1-1'U~'UL1JU11J LLIO~LL~'U ~~ii'W1'il nl'I-I'U~'I-I.i'n<1\ll1 . ' " Ylil~~'U ~1lJi>i~~1lJvJ1 .,1:1., u.10::bblJ'il::u~,,1 t~1Jil~fiflru::uflfl10nill1lJ lii'il~b u'Urn1m::'illi'J teJrn<~

' 1 ti11X~1il~vY~eJ~fi m L viB 11l~ M 'IX'Vl nA'U 111idhmiici1'U~1lJmn~<~~

' ' 4. 'l-l<i'n m1iim1 ::~'111 LL uu L~il'I-I'U'U ~ 1 '1im1::~'111 LL uu:ffu1,.,~mr~rn1 LLI'i L I'J'Um1::4''111

• '1.1 \ \.1 "' .,. v ..... 0

'VI L 'U'Un11<1'UUG'I'4'U bL10::iJ1'U11Jfl11lJG'I::m n



26

5. 'YI<i'nm~~~'W1~~~~\J\J (Whole school approach) ilm~tifu~~1'WL~B~bfl~~<1·i'1~ LL<l~'i'~'Wll~~l.J'liB~mr\m bl>IEJ1'Wm~L ti~EJ'WLLti<1~ !ilm 1 ~~~\J\J~~'Yil.Jl>IL '11uv'f1v LL<1~\1U\J\1'4'W

6. 'YI<i'nm~fl11l.J'l'Uill>l'liB\J~ OJniJ\1B\J 1ilf (Accountability) biJ B h~L1 EI'W 1!ii'l'ua\1~~LL<1~B1'W1~ m iiliiB~LL<1l>l~m1l.J'l'uill>l'liB\J~~~ 1~il m~01~1~<1BU L YiB 1 ~m~u'i'YI1~LL<1~~l>lm~fimm U'U 1 tiOJ1l.J

l.J101)~1'U~fl1'YI'Ul1111'39

~ l.J101~1 39 LLli~'Y'I~~~1'liUt1J~n1~Mn1!11LLli~'ll1~ 'Y'I.I'l. 2542 U.<1~~U.m'l1Lfil.JL~l.J (uuu~ 2) '~'~·~'~· 2545 ~~Ltl'UuVIut1J~'~-~<i'n'liB~m~u~..,1~1l>lv1m~~L1v"ULtl'U3J1'W U't11~11

1 ~ n ~~VI ~1 ~ m ~ ~ 1 v B' 1'W 1 ~ m~u ~'1-11~ LL<1 ~ n 1~~ l1l m ~ fi n1!11~~ili'1"U1'll1 m~ ~uti~ ~l.J1 (JJ

m~u~m~~1'W\Jflfl<1 LL<1~m~u~m~~1l til tiEi'~ fl(JJ:;m ':il.J m-:; u.<l:;<hu n~1'U L 'liOJ~uvlm-:; fimn LL<1 ~ . .

<1tn"Ufimn 1 'UL 'liOJ~'Wvlm-:;fin1!11bl>IEJm~'YI<i'mn(JJ'I'iLL<1:!15m-:;m:;~1EJB1'1.11~~~mh1 1 ~L V'U 1 ti do 1 ml.JVIn1'YI'Ul11 "Un!Jm:;m1~

(JJ D'il'ijU'Wn1:!VI~1~Mn1!11lim~1ili'm1n!Jm~VI~1~ 111ii'1vm~u~m~~l>lm~LL<1:!'liB\JL'liOJ

m~tilj~mr 1Yl'l1B~01 mufi n1!11.ffu~u 3J1'Wvl L tl"Uu ~'41'11'1<11 '1.1<1'~ nl>l L 'liOJ ~"Uvlm~ fi mnu.<i'1 ti~~ nBu

rl\J'Y'I~:;~1'l1Ut1Jt1J'1in1~Mn1!11U.li~'ll1~ '1'1.1'1. 2542 U.<l:!vlLLm'liLfil.JL~l.J (uuuvl 2) 'Y'I.I'l. 2545 ill!ii

fl1'YI'Wl>ln1B\Jni'1~ 'l 1um~m:!'ii1CJB1'U1'iiLLili<1:;ilf1'W 1 ti1i'~fl(JJ:!n1~l.Jn1~L 'liO\ ci11Jn~1'UL 'lJO\ U.<1:;

<1tn'UMn1!11LB11i'LL<i'1 'i11n\JVIUt1JtY~'liB~n!)'Yil.J1EI'li'1~1iimiBl.JL ~'U 1.'\11m~\J~'YI1~ bl>IEIL m ~~L1V'W

L tJ 'W .)j1'U'll B~ 1 VIm V'U m~u~'YI1~ m v1!ii mBu n !)'Yil.J1 v n!J 'Yil.J1 vu t1JtY~ L U'U mB\J 1111 B1'U1'il m ~ ~l>lli'W 1'il i!i'1"Ui'll1m~ ~uti~:;m(JJ m~u~..,1~~1'U\Jflfl<1U.<1:!\J~'YI1~~11tiBv'1 uilB'liB~ihv Ll>ILVh Ll>l

.. " B Eh~ 1 ~iiml.J n!J'Yil.l1 v 'W011m~m:;'4~1EJ<1:; L 5 tJl>lm~•'hL U'U~1'UU.Ili<1 ~.'\ 1'1.1 1 1llii'muti'1u~~..,l.Jl>l L YiB

L iJu m B\J m~ 11h L u"U ~ 1u LLili<1 ~Iii' 1'\.l'll B~<1m"U fi n1!11 40

u.<1:; 11ii' ~ m·h mBu m -:;n'il'liB~ L 'll OJ~'U v1 u.<1:;

<1mufimn Ll>l v Vl>l LL 'U1VI1~vlu !1!tY~ 1 '1.1 n!J'Yil.l1 vvlL~ CJ1'li'm~~ 1 "Uci1"Uvl L~ mnu~1'1.11'll1m~ ~\Jti~:;l.J1(JJ \J~'YI1~ ~1'W\JI'Wl<1 LL<1:!\J~'YI1~~11 ti11m~mBtlfl<1l.J~1'Uiii'1'UiliB 1 tid .. ..

1. nu1'll1n1'> il'liB\J'thwmn'ilvlL'liOJ~'Wvlm~fin"'1LL<1:;<1m"Ufim~11iiB~tiljtJ'1i 8 !ii'1'U

1.'\u.ti 1) m~~~'U1'YI<i'n01mamufin"'1 2) m~~~'W1m:;mum~L1CJ'U~ 3) m">'i'l>lt-~<1 ti">:;Lii'Ut-~<1 " "

LL<1:;m~LVivuLB'Ut-~<1m~L1vu 4) m~ti~:;n"Ufl()Jfi1'Y'I mtJ1"Uu.m;l.J1m\i1'Un1">Mn1!11 5) m">~~'\.11 . ~

LL<1~ 1 i~BU.<l:!L VI I'lL '1.1 L<1vLYiBm">Mn1!11 6) m">~~'U1U.<1:;ci~L<1'il.J 1~ilLL 'YI<i~L1v"U~ 7) m">1~m YiB "

~~'U1fl(JJ.tn'Y'Im~fin"'1 u.<1:; 8) m">ci~L<1~l.J'lll.J'li'W 1~ilm1l.JL '!i'l.Ju. ~~vm1'll1m"> • • 2. fl1':itl~'ll1':i ~1'U~tlti">::l.J11U il'll Btl'th vm~ n'ilvl L 'liO\~'Uvl LL<1:;(1 tn'W M n1!111il B ~tili~ 7

lii'1u 11ii'LLri 1) m~~l>l.r~~uti~~l.J1(JJ 2) m~~l11<1~~~uti~~l.J1(JJ 3) m~m1'ii<1Btl ~l110l1l.J u.<1:;



27

.; ~

1.hnih.1\J ~ ~ lhtil m~ n1 ~ 1 -tl'ii 1tJ~ u'tJ~~lJ1 ru 4) n1~~ ~111lJ'Yif~tJ 1m LL~ ~m~~ ~'YJ'UL ~il m ~I'\ f1'tt1

5) m~u~vmm~L~'U 6) m~u~vmut:yii 7) f111U~...,1~oW<'~V!LL~~ii'U'YifV'Iv 3. 01':i\J~'VITH1'U'ljflfl!:l il'llilU'Ii11'lfl1~ rhrviL 'll\li~'U~f11~ ~f1'tt1 bL~ ~<'I m'U ~ f1'tt1 tliiJ~\Jfi~

23 Jl1'U LJiLLfi 1) f11111~bb(:.I'UeJ\l\~1n1.1'~1'l'U 2) f11~nTI'I'U1111i11LbVI'l.i~bL~~i'YII'J.lj1'U~oU1~1'!!f11~1'l~ ..J .... 0 .... v ~

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4) f11~<1~~'1'11 Lb~~U1~\l LL!Ji~i>l~ 5) f1111'J11'J'll1~1'!! f11~1'l~U,~~ljl'l~1 f1~'YI1~f11~f'lf1'tt1

6) f111b U~I'J'UU, 'tJ~~<1()1'U.fi1~'YI1~i'll1ii~ 7) b~'lJL~il'UU.~~fl1\llilU 1.1. 'YI'U 8) f111L~il'U~'Ub~'UL~il'U 9) f11~oW\l)J'lJ1oUTl1'!!f1111'l~U,~~UI'l~1m'YI1~f11~~fl'tt1 10) f111~1~f1,111Jiil 11) f11~U~~Lfi'U(:.I~f11~ . ' '!Jfiu'1i~1'U 12) f11~ci~L<1~lJU,!:l~I'Jfl~il~L;a111'1JLfli'J~~ 13) lJ1\l\1.lj1Ui'll1ii~u,~~'il~~I'J1U~~tui'll1iiV'I

14) m~ci~L<'~~lJiutJ-ff1~1'llm~ 15) m~~hdi'Um~'YI1~iutJ 16) m~.t~.WmL~~.t~11XBilfl'il1f1Htfm1 H riil'U nl n1~~1tJ~1'Ufl11oi1L ii'Un1~'YI1~iutJ u.~::n1~~~ 1 'YI'tt 18) m':iililf1'il1m1'!!fl1)

19) m':i'tlilfu 1 Uil'4 f:\!1\ll LL~~fl1':iililn1 Uil'4f:\!1\l\U':i~ nilu'i'!!1ii~ 20) ~1U'YI~L UI'J'Uu1d'~ • v •

21) ~1'UI'Jmi''Ufltu<1lJU'1i 22) ~1'ULI'l~il~11'!!B<1~1'J1fmU 23) ~1'UL~'t11'4f111 il.fl.l'l.f'l. L'tllliYiuVi

m~~f1'tt1

4. n1':i\J~'VI1':i~11tl :il'tlilu'thcumn'il~ L 'tl\li~'U~m~~moJ1LL~~am'U~fl"tt1tlimufi~ 23 tli1'U 1Jlu,ri 1) f111oW\l)J'lJ11~UULI'l~il'ti11'loUillJ~t111<1'UL'Yif'l 2) f11~U1~<11'UU,~~oW\l)J'IJ1LI'l~il'U11'J • f111~ml1 3) f11111~LL(:.I'Uf111~mn 4) ~1'Ui~m'i'liloW\l)J'IJ1'U1tJU11'JLL~~U,(:.I'U 5) f111~11\1~UUf111 U~V111U.~~oW\l)J'IJ1il~flm 6) f111oW\l)J'IJ1lJ1\l\1.)i1'Uf111Ufiu'1i~1'U 7) ~1'UL 'YII'l1'U 1~1iL yjilf111~fl'tt1 8) ~1'Ub~'t11'4f11~1'ltu~ni1lJf11~L'tl\li~'U~f111~mn 9) m~oi1LiJ'U~1'U1j~fl11 f111b~'U f1111'l.1'~ Ut:yii

bb~~oW<1111 10) f111B1'U11'Jf111Ji1'UUI'l~1m 11) f111111LL~il11'111<1fJ1'U~LL~~a.rn~u,1111<i'illJ ' ' .

12l m1~111Yi1a1lJ~1'UcrL~I'J'U 13) m1fuum~I'Ju 14l m1~111~~ I'Ju 11lJ Vl~il Li'in<~mu~n,.1 . ' 15) m~B1'U11'Jm~ LL~~u1~<'11'U~1'Uf11~~111fl11~mn 1 'U~::uu Uilm::uu u,~:: \l\1lJBtii'J1ii'I'J

16) fl111~111lJ'Yif~I'J1mL'i'lilm1~mn 17) nwvif'l'U~mn 18) m~ci~L<~~m1'Un'ilm1um~EJ'U un~mn 19) fi11U1~'!!1o1lJoW'Uil~1'Uf111~mn 20) n11ci~L<'I~lJ <1UU<1'U'UU.~~u1::<11'Ufl11~111

' m1~mn'tlil~UI'll'l~'lllJ'!!U il~ffm Vl'l.i11'J~1'U LL~~amu'U<1~1'llJ~u~~111m1~fl'tt1 21) n11u1~a1u

' ' 11'!!m1nuci1'UIJ:il.rnl'lLL~::ci1'UYlil~1\'U 22) m1rhnu ~LL~<'~m'U~fl'tt1 LL~~ 23) m1~m::uu

' ' 41 l'l1UfllJil11'J ''UVI'U11'J~1'U

~1::11'!!Ut1/~~fl11~fl'tt1LLvl~'!!1~ ~.f'\. 2542 mm1 9 n1'VIU111-l111Xilm1~1111~UU

1m ~<1~1~ LL~:: m ~ U1 'U f\11~ 111 f111~ m,n 11111'J 1i 111">1<1' flf111:il bilfl.fl1~ Ji1'U'U 11'JU11'J LL~ ~:ill'l11lJ Vl~1flVI~11'J 1 'Ufl11ui1u~m1m::'iJ11'JB1'U1'ilL uciYfm~'U LL~::<'Im'U~mn ilm1n1">1'U111lJ1\ll':i'ii1'U

~ . ~

41 .d .,. ..... L':ieNL1111'J1fl'U, 24-25.



28

'i'1l 1-il 'Yl m LL<I ~ u 11m m Vl1 ~ n T> ¥i mn mh~>i B L i! B~ Iii <1 B Iii 'ii'WU m~~ ~lii:UVI i'Vl <n mm1 oii1 u n 1 ~ ~ 111 . ' m~i'imn L111tJm~i1~1'W'i1:U'liB~'1!:U'1!'WLL<I~~Vi~1'W1~~1'WL1itJ

' • v

mm1 39 n1111'WI1li111.\'m~VI~1~m~'il1tJB1'W1'iln1~'U~1111~bb<l~f11~~111f11~i'imn Yl~~1'W 'l'1!1m~ ~'U'th~:u1ru m~'U~1111~'Uftft<l Lb<l~ f11'j'lJ~1111.,Yi'11tJ hJ 1i'~flru~m.,:um~Lb<t~<i'11Tn~1'W m.,i'in·tn 1'!1\I'W1 bb<l~ll'li'W5~):U L~lii~'W~m.,i'in'ti1U.<I~\Im'Wi'imn1m'lllii~'W~m.,i'im,nll1ltJm~

:u1\il01 40 n1111'WI1li111.\'iJflru~m):Un1)l'J~b~tJ'W 'lllVIlJ1~n1n'UU.<l~~~b\I~:U\11J'U\1'4'W n'ilf11~'liB~ilm'Wi'in,n 'lh~f1B'U~1tJ ~U.VI'W~tinft~B~ ~U.VI'!Jft'j ~bbVI'WB~Rm 'ti:U'1!'W ~bbVI't.IB~Rm

'\I \1 '\1 '\1\1 • \1

tin m B~~1uYi B~~u ~ u. VI'Wfl'ISEJ L ri1 LL<I~~VI'j ~ft ru1nil111 tJ 1 1.\'~u~1111)\lmui'i m,.1b tl'Um 'j:U n1) LL<l:: '\1 \I ' \ '\1

b<l'li1'1Jn1'j'lJfJ~ft(\J~f1'j'j:Un1~ t ~~ b~tJ'W ' 1wi1'W'liB~mm~1u Lba~m.,ti.,~nuftrum'Ylm.,i'in'IS1 111:111111 6 mm1 47 :IJ1\il'j1 48

~ ' v

LL<I ~m m1 4 9 1~., ::u 1 '11<1 mu i'i n't/1 VIm ::!KuiJ.,:: 'lJ 'lJ m~ti.,:: tiu 11 rum 'Yl m., i'i n 'ti1YJ~il1 tJ 1 u LL<l:: ' ' '

m tJ'W B n 1.1.<1:: 1 1.\'ii Bi1 f11'jti ~::tiu 11 rum'Ylm tJ 1 'W\1 m'U i'i f1'1S1 L U'W~1'W111~~'ll B~ m:: 'U1'W n1'j'lJ~1111., '

m~i'in'tl1~illB~~h b U'!Jf11'jf) ch~>i B b ~B~ ~~m VIii f11~,] \11VlTn!H1'1Jti)::'il1U bii'W B>i 8111'\.h tJ~1'\J ill u.r~ n\11 111U1 tJ~1'W~bM m-ifB~ U.<l:: b U\11UW>i B\1151)(\J'ti'IJ b Ylm111 ti~ f11 'jYJI'lJ'W1fl Wil1'Yl U.<l::

:111\il'j :01 u n 1~ i'i f1'tl1 LL<I:: b YlB 'jfl~fu f11'jth~ tiu ftrui11'Yli11 tJ u B n~ri11T n~ 1u f 'lJ., B~lJ1lll'j ~1u LL<l:: ~ ' ~

ti~:: Lil'W11Wil1Ylf11'ji'if11S1 'i1 ::vh m~ti~:: Lilumh~uBtJ111~~ 11#~ 1 'UV1n1.\'1i'J Lb<t:: Lii'WB fl<l m~ti)::Lilu ' '

I I .,j d V

Iii B111'W1 tJ~ 1 'W VI b f1 tJ1'll B~ U.<l:: \115 1 'j W'ti'W

m:u'!JtJ'liB~ti~::)1'1!U 'IJ~~ n1)i'if1'1S1 bb 1<1~'1!1 ~ Yl. !'!. 2542 f11~'U~1111~,] 111 f11'ji'i mn'1! B~

\1 mu i'i f1'tl1~'il:: b ti~ tJ'W U. ti<l~ 1 til ufl !'1VI1~'liB~ f11'j'lJ ~1111~,]111 f11)~\lm'Ui'i f1'1S1 (SBM) n~ 11fiB

<~mu i'1 n't/1 'il::iiil <1~:: 1 u f11'j'lJ ~1111., 1.1.<1 ::,] 111 f11'j i'in'IS1~~ 1 'U ~1u'i'1!1 n 1) ~uti~:: m ru u~1111 'j'lJ 11 11<1 '

LL<~:: m~u ~1111 .,Yi'11 ti~lil B'U ii'W B~ ill Bm 1:uillB ~ n 1)'11 B~ ~fu 'lJ ~ m., LL<I ::'lj:U'1l'W l111 tJ., B'U m tJ 1.1 m B'U

u 1tJ'U1 tJ LL<tnL~'W~1u~m::VI~1~ LL<I:: L 'lllii~'W~m~i'i n'tl1n1111'W111 L111tJiiflru::m.,:um.,<~mui'imn vl1111u1ffi um~'U~1111.,,r\11 f11'j ~~ilillB~lil1L tium.,~1 tJm1:u 1 ti'i~ 1<~ u.<t:: L tl1111B m<~1 1.\'<1~fl:Uiil )1 'ii<IB'U

1~1ii<IB\11b1i11

1 um~tifu L ti~tJu~::'U'lJn1'j'lJ~1111~11i'~n~11iii'lilt)ti"::ii~R L YlB 1 1.\'<1 mui'in'!S1iim1:uft~ B~lli'1 1 'W f11 ~'U ~1111),] 111 f11 ~ lii'W b B~ \11:U 1~ m 1~ bbfl'W n 1~ 'lJ ~1111),] 111 f11 )\I tl1'W i'i f1't111~ <1 B\11 11ff B~ nu m 1:U

illB~f11~'llmYJB~~'U u.a::\11:U1)tl LbtlU'IJ11111 uamui'in't111~L VI:U1::\ImL<t::'j1\11b ~1 bb<t::~ri1R'IJV~ b U'IJ f11'j\1~1~~1iiri1tin 1 Yl'ti:U'1!'Wbiil1lm 1:U~~ m tim 'ii'1'1! B~ bb<l:IU~1'W'i1:ulii' 1111i'W h 1 un'il f1W!IB~ ' . <~ muiii f1'1S11 u~ti u. uu>i1~ '1

1 u m~ m~ 'il1 tJ e) 1'W1'il f11 ~'U ~1111 .,,r 111 f11'j 1 ti~a mu iii f1'1S1 ~~~ill B~ lil1 b tiu n 1) mu l'i1 ti ~1 tJ • fiB f11 ~Iii ~1'ii<IB'U fl<lf11~ !il1 b U 'W~1'W 111ltJl1111 'W b :a~fl <t<1':U(jVIt b yjB 1 1.\' Ln\11 ft11:UJY'W h 1 'W fjWi11'Yl

f11~iiif1't11 ilm'Wiiif1'tl1'5~1ii'B~\1~1~'j~'lJ'U b YlB 1 1.\'iim'jti~~ n'Wf1Wil1'Ylil1 tJ 1 'W 1 1-i'b U'W~1'\JVI~~'liB~ f11'j ' v - ..... .,. ~

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riB u ~'il ::ii m ':;ti):: m 1'11-ii m ~., 1'1!U 'I!~~ f11., iii f1't11 u. '1<1~'1! 1 ~ 1~ii m 1:U'Yl tJ 1 tJ1:U m:: 'il1 tJ

B1'W1 'il m 'j'lJ ~1111) 1 tl ir~<~ mu iii f1'1S1 1111 tJ 1 i'tl:u'tluffiB m<~1 '1Jf11'j Lii'W Bu. u~ f11'ji 111 f11'j b 1tJ'IJf11'j\l B'W '

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29

L ~iN'il1 n hiii O!J'I-11.11 tJ 1il~ 'iu tl1~ Oil1J nu Lfl1~i.'1-i'1~ 0111J~'I-111 cr~ hj Ltewi il 0111111 L U'Un'U 1 ~fi)1J 1~'il1

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48

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49

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54

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uru-iilll'iVIm<i'v um'iVIfl1at~i'ia1.l1m, 2546), uV1R'111cia.



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Robert James Wilson, "School-based Management in Alberta : Perception

of Public School Leaders," Dissertation Abstracts International. (2001): 93.



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~L~lJR11lJi.'f1lJ1~() Lill'il:; ~'\J 0 1'1 ~il~nuu 0 L ~ f.l'lJ L l\utli1 !'J nu n1~ L ~~'\J nR~il~il~11J~1lJ 1u L ~ ~ L~ 1'.1\J • v

LL~R~ 11iLL U1'il11L ~~L~f.l'lJ~I>lL ~~'\JOR~il~LL<J:;'!llJ'!l1J 1tliil~11J~'llJ R~ 11ilfu l'iJ-J1l ~~L~f.I1J~I>l1 ~ilm~ v v , \1

nllll1J1fl11lJL ~!'J1'!11(\!il~1~'\J~~~~ LL<l:;'l'l') Om 1tl)~'llJ~I>lli1J L 'iJ tli1 fJ 66

•

64 Jong Pill Park, "Creating an Autonomous School Community : School-Based

Management in Korea," Dissertation Abstracts International (2000) : 69.

65 Christina Joann Iverson, "School - Based Management: A Case Study."

Dissertation Abstracts International (2000): 75.

66 Deeadra Albert- Green, "Teachers, Parents and Students Perception of

Effective School Characteristics of Two Texas Urban Exemplary Open - Enrollment

Charter Schools" (A Dissertation of Doctor of Philosophy for the Degree texas

A&M University,2005), iii - iv.



59

'il1mJ<tm'lfimmamm 'Vl'J'l"l5 LL<1:mu%v~L~V1-iia~num'lu~vm 11'lv 1m 'l~L~VUL i'lu

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' ' . 0 I Q.l I V ... V q Vdq I ""' V V

'Vl1~1U11lJnU'l:!VI11~(:.1U'iVI11 f'l'i(:.li:leJ'\J f'lUI~n'i'llJn11i:lmUI'!n'l"J1 LL<1:!(:.1'VllJi:I1ULnV1'tlel~'Vl~VI<11V 'U 'U'U 'U

~~<~al'lf'l~a~nuw.,:!'l1'!lti'fl!fl!1im.,fin'l"J1 vtl'l. 2542 LL<l:!~um'tiLvim&~l.l otru~ 2 V'l.l'l. 2545 ffii 'Vlmh l'lii<i1u11l.l 1 u m'l~l'lm'lfimn ii m 'll'l 'l1'ili:l auf'ltui11V'In1., f1 n'l"l1 LL<l:! m'l'lJ ntr&\~1u~ L i'lu ' ' ~

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n1'lfin'l"J1 ~~ml.lci~ Li:l~lJn11Unf'l'lB~VlB~~u 1 Uli1U::~f'l11Jf'llJ ri1 nu 1'1 LL<l U'i:!i:I1'\J~1Un1'l~l'l ... , ' \1

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nWW91JU1Ui'1JU'i ~ Lf'l ~B~iJamh~ ~m ~ B~ L fiaf'l11lJL VllJ1Zi:llJLL<1Zi:l ell'lf'l~ B~n1JlJ11'l'i li1U n11fi n'l"J1 ' ~

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d UVI'Vl 3

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~ . ~

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1iil.'l~L1tJua~n~LVIf'1\J1l1 f1~1Jn11Rm11Vl<l~~U~ 5 L\JU'Il1J1tJ'iLfl111:ll (unit of analysis) m'!X • • -ii<~1Jm.b ~ n <Ju ~' tJer u~'ll11<1mui'i n"n LL<l::Yi'li' n~1u fl 1 L Vlf'lu 101 1~ tJihTu ~ <Ju n1 w'h L ilu n11'i,Y tJ • • •

od ..,.,..,...., ..., .X LLl1::1::LUEJ\J1G1~CJ ~~U

• '!i'U91<lUf11':i~1LUUf111'i~a

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1 u.ffu\11 aud L \J u m1i'i n"n_i.'l.rn'l'iil f\!'111 LL<l:: 'ltl i.'l1"> twh~ '] ~ 1 men 1.'111 -ii<llJl1VI1~<1 ~ ~ I V IV V ~ ""' <V od U

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~ v ~ v

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60



61

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experimental case study design) ~~L1ii'JlJLtllJLL~lJ~~ (diagram) 1!11~~-d'

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62

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l'l'U 'IJ~::n<Jul"11v ~1J~'VI1'l U.<l::h~L~V'U n1'VI'UI1lrn~t<J:U<I'li<J~LL.im;h~L~V'U ,j'1'U1'U 4 • • • 192 l'l'U ~~'l1V<I::LBVI111'U

h~L~I'JlJL 'lli'I1J1<1 m~ii<J:u<~ I ~ V ...,.: .d

n<~:Un1'll'lmn'll<J~t1'U'Il 5 • • •

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(h~) ('(.,~) ~

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~

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L'l'l'lf~m • 13 11 22 22 44

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~1:U 55 48 96 96 192

vi:u1 m:u<i~L<i~:Um'l'I.Jnm<J~Vf<J~~'U, <~1i&lii<ll;Jlln1~i'ln.,nVI<J~~'U j)nT;iiimn 25521-m~V'U ll1 nl1lmfim'IJ nl'l~<J~ci1'UVl<J~B'U ( n1~ L '11'1'1"1 : <i1'U I.I.I:J'U~1'U LL<I::~u'IJ~::mru'll1~n1'liiimn' 2552),

51-146.

67 Robert V. Krejcie, and Daryle W. Morgan, "Determining Sample Size for

Research Activities", Journal for Education and Psychological Measurement, No.3

(November 1970): 608.



63

i'in"'1 ~~U111'1<l~LBI'I~wi'~9iahJi1 1. ili'1LL th~'Uii1U L UUili'1LL ti1LMI'I1tlUlltn'U.fl1Vlci1'Uili'1'lla~~\llaULL UUOIEJUtn:U ll'i'uri

~ " Lfli'l m~ 1~ti\urmi'imn ~1LL'VIU~'VIU1vi'tU011tijj\m~1'U LL<l~ ti1~01Ufl11W1'U011tijj\m'Vi1J1v\

2. ili'1LLtl11ii'U LU'Uili'1LLti1v\LMI'J1tlU011U~'VI11Lilii'JloOh~L~I'I'ULU'UJ!1'U(X tot ) ili1:ULL'U1fiill

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LL<lflL ti~I'I'UL~I'I'U~LL<l~~1:Utl'U~illfl11i'f fl"'1 Ufli'l1fll'VlflrJ11'JUci1'U~1:U 1 'U fl11U~'VI11011ili'lllli'U 1 "il ~1:U " . . tijj\m ~1:U~U1llll'tlaU LL<l~~1:UfhtlU~\llili1:Ufl111ii1L U'U~1'U'llm 1 'l~L~I'I'U

IV q V D .r &41

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fl1':iU~'VI1., ~1'U'llel~ ~U~'VI1 .,vihi1 if il11 :;~111 LL u u:ff111'VI~ai ~ fl11 Lilii'I~U ~'VI1 ':itl nu~ \ll'ULL<lt 'V 'V " ~

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64

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Ll'l~B~ilerffi mum~% EJI'l{~m iLL \J\J<1B\J(l1l.J (questionnaire) L U'IJLI'l~B~ilB 1 '1Jn1~L~\J ~1u~1l.J-ii<~l.J<~ l111EJm~muu~<11'1~;i'u ,J1u1u 1 uuu ,;1LLun<~Bmuu 3 l'lBu IK~-d • • •

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66

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4 •

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- 4

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4 ~

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1vvd 0 , 1v, 1 !'I-' .¥ Ll \J\Ji1B\J(l1l.J 'VI~L 'llEJ1'll1qJ ~1'1J1'1J 5 1'\'IJ l'l.,1~i'IB\JLI<ll: u.,\J u~~Lin L 'll"1'1J1'U.fl1~1LL<ll:L 'IJB'VI1

Ll'lEJ~il1.,W1Fl1 /OC (index of item objective congruence) ~~Fi1 IOC 'llB~LIU\Ji'IBUml.JilFi1 mnni1 0.6 'Yln-ifB Lbi11'1~11LI'l~B~ilB1'1fl.!I('YlnoifB

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67

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32 A'W

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mv'W'U1A (Cronbach)68 Ll'ltJVi'il1111.11fl1.1':Utl1~1i'VIGBm·h (a- Coefficient) 1!1ili1m1:UL~El~'W

'tlmLL 'U'U\'IEJ'Utn:Un11'U1'1111LI'II'J 1m 1 ~L ~ I'J'W L D'Wii1'WL vhti'u 0. 9 77 1.1<1~:U11111\i1'lJ!1i1'lJe.l<1e.Jfil'lL vh ti'u ~ ~

I d .:.. ~ <V I V

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. . iiBl;j<11'11:U'!i''lJII1B'lJ~~{j

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m 1:U~1:U1JB 1 'lJ n11 L~'U)1'U)1:UiJB:U<1'i11 n h ~ L ~I'J'W L 'VJI'\'U1<1 n~:U n11fi fi'I!I1Vl B~~'W~ 5 ~ L tJ'lJn~:U . ' ' ~1Bci1~

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fi~1'W~ 15 n'W!J1tl'W 2554 1.1<1:;1!1f-jui.I'U'U<'IB'Um:u~<'I:U\)1WR'W'i11nh~L~!J'W 48 h~ 'ii1'W1'W 192

ilU'U ROIL U'lJ~B!J<l~ 100

n11'i LA11n-ioffBlJ<11 'Wn11l~tJAf~;:j 1m 1~L~tJ'lJLU'lJ'\1~1!JlLA11~1-1' (Unit of analysis)

~ei1'W1 tlfi11<'1m'Wi'inw1 1B~~ei1'W1 tJfi11<'1m'Wi'im:n 1.1<1:;mTn~1'UmL 'Vli'\'U1<1 L U'W~IIlB'U , , , v

I.I'U'U<'IB'Um:u Ll>ltJ$~v~1LU'Wn11~~;:i 1. l'l11'ii<'IB'UA11:U<'I:U\)1W'tlB~LL'U'U\'IB'Utn:U

2. l'l11'i11 1XA~ LL 'W'lJI'l1:ULfiUJ..im11 1Xfl~ 1.1 'W'W<11'11-j'UI.I 'U'U\'IB'Utn:UI.IIIi<l~ilU'U

3. ~!il'Vhl'l111~LL'ilnLL'ii~A:;I.( 'lJ'W (tally sheet) L ;;Bn1Bfifl~l.l 'lJ'lJ 1 1X<'IBI>lA<i'B~n'ULLe.I'Wn11 1 LA 11 ~1-1'iiB:umL<1 :;1:; L'U v u lG'Vl1 ~"' ii ~m off •

4. U1iJB:U<1~~n~111 titJ1'lJ1 W'\11fl1'Vl1~<'1ii~LI'II'J 1 otlL ti1LLn1:U<11L ~'i11tl • •

68 Lee J. Cronbach, Essentials of Psychological Testing. 3rd ed. (New York:

Harper & Row Publisher, 1974), 161.



68

b ~!l1 'li'nT>l bfl'l1~'\.\lil'l~lil1l-Jllii(IU'l~<1~flotl!l~n1'll~ EJ ~~ 1mbfl'l1~'\.\-if!Jl-1<1 lil1l-J<11~U,T1Jiil 'illJ . " Lii1EJH'ri1<~ii&i ~~il

1. 'hfl'l1~'\.\<im1JmYi'tl!l~~lil'ilU\.I, UU<I'iJUml-1 LliiEJ Hm1l-1~ (frequency) \.l,<l~~'il EJ<I ~ (percentage)

2 'l bfl'l1 ~'\.\ m'lU~'I-11 'l Llil EJ 11il 'l~ b ~ EJ1J b tJ1J:011J\.1,<1 ~m m :o11J lii'11J~<~ ~11 lii11J 1 'l~ L~ EJ1J . ~ ~

bVJ!'lU1<1 mil-lm'li'in,m1!l~~1J~ 5 Hri1Lil~EJ (X) U,<1~'111<i11Jb~EJ~LU1Jl-111il'l'fi11J (S.D.) 11i1EJ . ~

vhm f.lJ1A1 bil~ EJ'tl 'il~fl~ bb 1J1J~11ii'~1 flnl'llil'iJU LL UU<I'iJU (11l-J'tl'il~0 '11-if !ll;j<l \.l,ll1 L U~CIU L ViEJU flU .r ""' E 69..,. "''I ...,Jf

bflW'fllil1l-JLb 1J1fl'l1l-Jfllii'U'il~b U<IVI (Best) l-J'l1EJ<1~b'ilCI\il\ii~1J

A1bil~EJ 4.50- 5.00 bb<1Mi1 n1'lU~'I11'l11ilt111fL'l~L~t!1JLtJ1J:011J/l-111il'l'fi11Jiii'11J~<1~i11il ~ ~

11Jh~L~EJ1JLVJ!'lU1<1 n~urmi'imnVf!l~~lJ~ 5 'il~"l1J'l~~Ul-11n~~lil rl1bQ~tJ 3.50 - 4.49 \.l,<l\il~l1 n1'lU~'I11'l 11iltJ 11il 'l~L~tJ1Jb tJ1J:011J/l-J1\il'l'fi11Jiii'11J~<1~1ilil

~ ~

11J h~b~EJ1Jb VJ!'lU1<1 mil-lm'li'imnYi'il~~lJ~ 5 'ilEJ "i.1J'l~~Ul-11n . " rl1bil~tJ 2.50 - 3.49 bb<1\il~l1 nl'lU~'111'l 11i1EJ 11il 'l~L~[J1JL tJ1J.Jj11J/l-11\il'l.Jj11Jiii'11J~<1~1ilil

11Jh~L~EJ1JLVI!'lU1<1 mil-lm'lfimnYJ!l~~lJ~ 5 'ilt!"i.1J'l~~UU11Jfl<11~ . " rl1bi:l~tJ 1.50 - 2.49 \.l,<l\il~l1 n1'lU~'I11'l 11iltJ 11il 'l~L~tJlJL tJ1J:011J/l-J11>l'lli11Jiii'11J~<1~1il>l

~ ~

11Jl'J~L~EJ1JLVIflU1<1 fl~l-Jnl'li'in't~1Ylm~1J~ 5 'iJ~"i.lJ'l~~UU!JtJ rl1LQ~tJ 1.00 - 1.49 LL<1\il~l1 nl'lU~'I11'l11ilEJ11fL'l~L~tJ1JLtJ1J:011J/l-J11il'l'fi11Jiii'11J~<1~1il>l

~ ~

11Jh~L~CI1JLVI!'lU1<1 ncil.lm'lMf1~1Yl!l~~lJ~ 5 'ilt!"i.lJ'l~~UU'ilCI~<IIil . " . 3. m1'i Lfl'l1~'\.\m1l-1<1'l-1~1Jll"'l~'l1'i1~m'lu~'l11'l 11iltJ 11il 'l ~b ~EJ1Jb iJwo11J/l-111>l'lli11Jiii'11J

~ ~

~<1~1\ lii11J h~L~ tJlJ L VJflU1<1 n~ l-1 m'l iii n~1YJ'il~~1J~ 5 1i m 'li Lfl'l1~'\.\ A1.1'UtJ'l~~VJll<1'11<1'l-1~1J tl'U!l~ b i'it~{.1'1J (Pearson's product - moment correlation coefficient)

nl'l'i~m~'il~ n1'lU~'I11'l LliltJ 1m 'l~L~tJlJL tJ1J:011JflUl-J1\il'lli11Jiii'11J~<I~iilii11J 1 'l~L~tJlJL Vl!'lU1<1 ~ ~

fl~l-1 fl1'li'ifl~1Yl'il~~1J~ 5 iii'~>~~U'l~<l~flL ~'iJVI'l1U 1) nl'lU~'111'l 11iltJ 11il 'j~ L ~tJlJL tJ1J.Jj11J 11J

h~L~tJ1JLVI!'lU1<1 ncil-Jfl1'lfifl~1Yl'il~~1J~ 5 2) l-11m:011Jiii'11J~<i~i\ii111Jh~L~EJ1JLVI!'lU1<1 ncil-J . ~ . m'li'ifl~1YJ'il~~1J~ 5 \.1,<1~ 3) fl11l-1<1'l-1~1Jtl'l~'11l1~n1'lU~'111'l 11iltJ 1m 'l~L~CI1Jb tJ1Jii11JtlUl-J1\il'l:011J

~ 4

lii'11J~<I~ii~>~11J h~L~t!lJL VJ!'lU1<1 ncil.lm'li'in~1YJ'il~~1J~ 5 m'li~t~fl#~ii'L tJ1Jm'l%m;a~'l'l'l'lW1J1 • (descriptive research) 11im'ltJfiu"&iml.lm'lU~'111'l 1 'l~ L~CilJL tllJ .Jj11J\.I,<I~ m'ltJ fi1J.i1>11l-Jl-11\il 'l .Jj11J

lii'11J~<~~iilii11Jh~L~tJ1J ncil-lm'li'in~1Yf'il~~1J~ 5 1J'l~'tl1m11ii'u,n h~b~tJ1JLVJ!'lU1<1 ncil-lm'li'in~1 • • Yl!l~~lJ~ 5 11J 6 ~~'111\il 11ii'Lbn ~~'11llilfl1'l!'il1J'tj~ ~~'1-llliiL'I'l"!J'l'tj~ ~~'11lliiU'l~'il1Ufi~'!i'1J5

69 John W. Best, Research in Education (New York: Prentice Inc, 1970), 87.



69

<il'~l11mTtlt{'l <il'~l111'1<1lj'Yl1<1~m1lJ u.;o:;<il~w'i'l'l~'W11ru'4~ 'il1'U1'U 55 h~ u.;o:;efi<ilvl-&'111111~

'l.h:!lJ1runwu'U11'1~1B~1~ 11i1milJ~1B~1~ 'il1'U1'U 48 h~ d]uwtl1v'iLm1:;Vi (unit of analysis) •

eTI '11-1JBlJ<l R B ~ el1'U1 !.1 n11<1fJ1'U ~ m,n 1B~~el1'U1 !.1 n11<1 fJ1'U ~ n'l:/1 l.l.<l :;'WU n~1'UI'I1 L 'Ylt'I'U11l '\1 '\1 '\1 " '\1

h~•~vu;o:; 4 1'11.1 11u~~~u 192 1'11.1 LI'I~B~ilBffimun11'i<ilmiJuu.uu<1BumlJL~mnum1 u1l111LI'lfl 1m)~ L~fltiL Utlli1'U\i11lJI.I. 'U1 fll'l'liB~ri1'11 n~1'UL<l'!111ln11<1il1 n11~mn U.<J:;lJ1\il 1 li1tili1'1ti - -I:J<li:J~IIIL 'U h~ L~V'UL 'Ylt'I'U1<l n~lJn11~n,nYfB~~'U.yj 5 1111lJI.I. t11fll'l'!IB~mmi~L<11lJn11UnmB~ YlB~~'U <11i~ffimum1'i<ilvi-iB 1'111lJ~ (frequency) -jBEJ<t:! (percentage) R1Lil~EJ (X)

ci1t1L ~ EJ~ L 'U'UlJ1m .)!1'U (S.D.) 1.1.<1:! n11'i LI'I11:;Vil'i1.rlJ1J 1:;i1'Yl~<1l1.rlJ-n'tiG'liB~ L Yivi.ru (Pearson's

product- moment correlation coefficient) 'iLI'I11:!Vi-1lm;j<tLI'lEJLm1J11.1.mlJri1L~"ii~U



d U'Vl'Vl 4

Lvi'ilL 'i1L i}u 1 ti>n:Ui'OillU1~61~A'Utl~n11'i~V LL<l~f111U1L611Jtl~<ln11'iLfl11~oH-1f'il:U<l 1um'l ' . 'i~v L~El~ "f111U~'I-n'l 1~ I'J 1 '!i'h~ L~I'J1JdJ1Jjj11Jn\JU1m.Ji11J~11J~<l ~~OIL1J h~L~I'JlJL V1!'1U1<l f1~:U n1'lf'lmi1VJ'il~~1J~ 5" e7%v 1~ci~u. UU61'i!Uil1:U 1 '!1nci:u~1t1~1~'ii~ 1~LLf1L 'l~L~I'J1Jo1~n~L Vlf'1U1<lflci:U . ' ' m'li'ln"nVft~~~u~ 5 'il1u1u 48 h~ 1~vn1V1u~eTI'I1iimJ" h~L~vum~ 4 f'11J tl'l~n'ilu~bv • • ua11J1Vf11'lG~mui'lmn 'lt~~el'a11J1Vf11'lG~mui'lm"1 'l1:U 2 !'11J LL<l~'I'IUf1~11Jf'1'lLVIf'1U1<l 2 !'11J • • • 'l1:U~~ll'u 192 f'11J 1~fuu.uuG~'ilum:ufiummu'l'lnu\Ju L~EJ 1~-1fmJ<l'il1f1LL uu61'ilum:u 'l!1:u1

'iLm1~oHLL<l~LG11J'il~<lf11'l'iLm1~oH-1JEJ:U<l 'i!1LL1Jf1LU1J 4 >l'illJ 1'1~\i • OltllJ~ 1 G11111J.fl1'1'1LLm~-1ft~:um~'11 ti'UEJ~UOIEJULL UUGI'i!Uil1:U • • OltllJ~ 2 n1'lU~VI111~v1iJh~L~V1JLU1J'ii11JL1Jh~L~V1JLV1!'1U1<l nci:uf11'lf'lm-nVfm~1J ~ 5 - ' >~BlJ~ 3 :U1m'ii11J~11J~<l~~>~1uh~L~I'l1JLVJ!'1U1<l nci:um'li'lmnVfm~u~ 5 - ' >~EJ1J~ 4 m1:u.r:u~ufi.,~VI·;i1~ m'lu~VI1'l 1~ v 1-111 .,~ L~ vuL uu'ii11Jnu:u1>~'l'ii11J~11J~"~~>~ - -

1uh~L~I'l1JLVJRU1<l nci:um'li'lmnVfm~u~ 5 '

PlillJ~ 1 tlll1'UI11'WU.iil::iimJiili11tl'!lil~UPiilUU. U\Jtlil\Jil1:U • • <1m1J.fi1'1'1'U'il~U>~ t~u LL uu61'ilum:u <B~ 1~ LLti ~ a1'U11'Jn1'lG~mui'1 mn 'l'il~Ua1'U11'Jf11'l • • •

<1111'Uf'1 mn U.iil ::'l'lu f1~11Jfl'j LVI i'IU1<l'U tl~ h~L ~ I'J 1JL VII'1U1<l .1~ n~ nci:u n1'lf'1 mi1VJ'il~~'U~ 5 'iJ11J11J . ' 48 h~ Tl:U 192 !'11J 'il1LL1Jf1011:U L'I'IR 'il1~ 'l::l'i'Uf11'lf'lf1~1 o'hLLVI\J~VIU1ffi1Jm'ltJ5\J'"ii~11J LL<l~ tl'l~Glu f11'lru1um'lt15\J~VIU1~ 1~ I'JVI1fl11:U~ (frequency) LL<l dt~ V<l~ (percentage)

l'i'~'l11'J<l~LBI'J~11Jm'l1~~ 8

70



ll\1'>1~~ 8 <1{11'\Ji11'VlLL<l~-tf81J<lvf11tl'!l8~~1l\8'UU.'U'U<l8tJmiJ ,j1U.l.lnlll11J L'Vll'l il1EJ 1~\iitJ . . ' m1i-imn vhu. l-ni~'I'IU1vTll.lm'ltl~llii~1'\J LL<l~ tl1~<1tJ nTllU 1 um>tl~llii'l'!ti1~

1. L 'Vll'l

2. 81~

'WLnu 3o u 31 - 40 tJ

41-50 u 51 tJ,)u1tJ

111J

111J

3. >~liium>i-in"'1

'lfi'IJ'l!11ll~

m 'II '1!11 'VI

111J

4. ~1u. 'l'l'll~'VIu1vTl um>tl~llii~1u'!la~·vhu ~B1l.I1EJn11<1~1l.lfoin"'1

~· -18~~81'\J1EJn11<1~1l.ll'ln"'1

'VlU n ~1'\J m L 'V!I'ltJ1i1

111J

tJ ~ tl-- ~ d ~ 5. 1~<1tJn11lUL'Un11 !)tllll'l'll.I1'V!Il\11J'!I8 4

'W Lnu 5 tJ

6- 10 tJ

1J1nn-l1 1 o tJ

111J

,j1'\J1l.l (1'1'\J)

54

138

192

10

47

61

74

192

85

107

192

48

48

96

192

38

53

101

192

28.12

71.88

100

5.21

24.48

31.77

38.54

100

44.27

55.73

100

25.00

25.00

50.00

100

19.80

27.60

52.60

100

71

-;nnll\111~~ 8 'Vl'Ul1 ~lll8tJU.tJtJ<18tJmiJ..t~'I'IIJill 192 I'll.! ,j1LL'\JnLUl.IL'Vll'l'U1EJ 54 1'1'\J • i>il'lLi'lu~av"~ 28.12 L'Vll'l'VIqj~ 138 I'll.! i>il'lLi'lu~av"~ 71.88 iia1~L1i'U 3o tJ ,j1u1u 10 I'll.!

Rll\LUu~mm~ 5.21 81El1~'1'111~ 31 - 40 \J ,j1u1u 47 I'll.! Rl'lLUl.I~8Eli1~ 24.48 81El1~'11111~ ' '

41-50 \J ,j1'\J11J 61 1'1'\J Rll\L i'Ju~mm~ 31.77 LL<l~il1EJ 51 tJ,)u 1tJ,j1'\J1'\J 7 4 I'll.! Rll\L i'Ju~mm~ '

38.54 ii'l~liium>i-in"'11~1'iutl~'IJ'l!11ll~ ,j1'\J1l.l 85 I'll.! Rl'lLUl.l~mm:; 44.27 U.<l~ 'l~l'iutl~'l!'l!1 LVI ,j1l.l1l.l 107 I'll.! Rl'lLUl.l5'mm:; 55.73 tl~V~'VIU1~~81l.I1Eln11<1mu~n"'1 ,j1u1'1J 48 1'1'\J

Rl'lLU'\J~aEJ<l~ 25.00 >a~~B1'\J1EJm><~~1'1Jfoin"'1 ,j1u1u 48 1'1'\J Rl'lLtJu5av<J~ 25.00 U.<l~ •



72

vn1'n~11Jfl'H'VIf'1U1<l 'il11J11J 96 A1J fl~ni'!1J~mm~ 50.00 ihh~<~unTn1.111Jm1ufi'\J~vnJ1~ "

hhn1J 5 \J 'il11J11J 38 f11J fililLU1J~mm~ 19.80 ilu1~<1um1w 6- 10 \J 'il11J1'U 53 flu Rlil

LU1J~mm~ 27.60 LL<~~ ilu1~<1um1wmn'l1 10 \J 'il11J11J 101 A1J R\ilLU1J~m.m~ 52.60

\ilB1J~ 2 n1"iU'i'H1"i11ila1m"i~L~V1JLU1Jii11JL1J1Ht~!l1JL'VIfiU1<l mi:lln1"ifln't:t1'1ie~i\1J~ 5 d •

e-mm1'iLm1~t-l111e1J~ 2 m1u'i'H1111ilv1ih~L1tJuL U'Uii11Jb1J h~L1V1JL 'VIf'1U1<l milJ ~ .

m1i'imnVie~i\1J~ s il11tJ<~~Lav\il\111lJ\il111~~ 9- 1s ii'~~e1uil'

9 fi1LU~CJ <i11JL~tl~LU1J:IJ1\l\1~11J U.<l~"i~ii'u n1"iU~m"i11ilvbih~L1CJ1JLU1J~11Jb1J ~ ~

h~L11'l1JL'VIf'1U1<l n~lJn1"ii'imn'li'B~i\1J~ 511ill'lil1'1'1"i1lJ

(n = 48)

n11U~1<111 t., v 1 ii[ 1 ~L ~ V\JL U\J jjl\J 1 \J t )~L ~V\JL \'lf'!U1il S.D. ~

X "i~\ilU

n~llm1Pln,;1Vifl~1iu~ 5

1. 'H<i'nm"im~-;nmh1JTil (decentralization) (XI) 4.24 0.52 lJ1n

2. 'H<i'nm"iU~'H1"i!II'ULB~ (self management) (X2) 4.09 0.51 mn

3. "H<i'nm"iu~vmLLuuil<i11J~1lJ (participation) (X3) 3.98 0.59 mn . 4. 'H<i'nm"iilm1~~U1U.UULflB'H'41J (supportive leadership) (X4) 4.18 0.57 mn

5. "H<i'nm"i~\J!J1J1Vl~"i~UU (whole school approach) (X5) 4.17 0.56 mn

6. "H<i'nf111lJ'I'I~B:IJVi"il~~Um"im1"il<'IBU (accountability) (X6) 4.04 0.61 mn

"i1lJ (Xtot) 4.12 0.48 lJ1n

"il1n!ll1"i1~~ 9 '1'1Ul1 n1"iU'i'H1"i L\ill'l 1ih~L1tJ1JL U1J~1'U 11Jh~L11'l1JL 'VIf'1U1<l n~lJm"ii'imn ~ .

'li'B~i\1J~ 511ill'lil1'1'1"i1lJBtJL1J"i~ii'umn (X =4.12 , 5.0.=0.48) L~B~"il1"iUJ111JU.~<l~~i11J '1'1Ul1 "

n1"iU~'HT~b\ili'J 1m "i~L~I'J1JLU1Jjj11J11J h~L11'l'UL'VIf'1U1<l n~lJn1"ii'imn'li'B~i\1J~ 5 B~L 1J"i~ii'U:IJ1nVJn ~11J L\iltJL~I'l~!111lJ<i'1ii'u"il1nmn1u"H1UmJ 1~ii~il' "H<i'nm"im~"il1crii11J1"il (X =4.24 , 5.0.=0.52 )

..... ""' 1.1'0 Jf - ..... ..... ~ -'H<lnn1"ilJJ111~~1J1U.UULnB'H'U1J (X =4.18, 5.0.=0.57) 'H<lnn1"i'I'I\J!J1J1'VI~"i~UU (X =4.17 , " . 5.0.=0.56) "H<i'nn1"iU~'H1"i\111JLB~ (X =4.09 , 5.0.=0.51) 'H<i'nfl11lJ'I'I~BlJ~"il~~Un1"i!ll"i1"il<IBU (X =4.04 , 5.0.=0.61) LL<l~ "H<i'nn1"iU~'1-11"iU.UUiJci11J~1:1J (X =3.98 , 5.0.=0.59)



73

m~1~vi 1 o f'i1Lil~I'J ciTuL~I'J~L 'U'Wmlll~ll1'W LL<l~':i~vl'U fl1':i'U~,.,,':i 1~w Hb~L~I'J'WL uu;nu 1u ~ ~

h ~L~ I'J'WL 'Vll'l'U1<l milJrmi'ln1:11VJB~~uvi 5 i/humi' nm':lm~'il11'lii1'W1'il • (n = 48)

X S.D. ':i:!vl'U

lJ1n

- " bL<1\Il~f'l11lJfl\llb ,_,'lJ

2. 1fl':i~<1-i'1~fl1':i'U~,.,,':i~1'lJ'tJB~ h~ L~I'J'W filll,.,li'nm':l m~'il11'Jei1'W1'il 4.37 0.65 mn

3. ~ L~!J1-iiB~'V!mhtJilci1'lJ~1lJ 1 'Wfl1':i~lll'l·l1,.,li' n~lll~'tJB~ 1 ':i~L~ I'J'W 4.31 0.69 lJ1n

4. ~ L~I'J1ifB~ilci1'lJ~1lJ 1 'lJfl1':11.J':i~biJ'lJ,_,ll n~m 4.04 0.70 lJ1n

5. uilci1'lJb~I'J1ifB~ilci1'lJ~1lJ 1'Wfl1~~~'lJ1,lln<111l':i • • 4.15 0.66 lJ1n

6. ':i~'U'Ufl1':i'U~,_,1':i~'Uti':lzlJ1(lJ'tJB~ h~L~I'J'lJ hH~ 1<1 unilfB~ 4.34 0.71 lJ1n • m1'il<1B'U1vl

7. h~L~I'J'Wfhti''U ~\lllll1lJ lll~1'il<1B'Ufl1':i'U~,_,1':1~1'lJB~1~LU'lJ':iZ'I.J'U 4.18 0.69 lJ1n

4.24 0.52 mn

'il1nlll1':11~yj 10 'Vl'Ul1 n1~'U~,_,1':111lli'J1-tih~L~I'J'lJLU'Wii1'W1uh~L~I'J'lJL'Vll'l'U1<l nalJ ~ .

m':ii'l n1:11Vf B ~ ~uvi s vi' 1'W,.,li' n n1 ~m Z'il11'Jei1'lJ1"i111lll'lfi1'Vl ~1lJB ~1 u ~:: vi''UlJ1n ( x =4.24 , • S.D. =0 .52) L~BW'il1~(lJ1fl1':1tiijmi'tJB~ 1 ~~ L~I'J'lJIIl1lJ,_,llnfl1':i n':IZ'il11'Jei1'lJ1'il 'Vl'Ul1il fl1':1Uij'U1iB ~'1 'lJ

':i:!vl'Umn 1 'W'V!nti':lzLifi'lJ Llll m~ I'J~.11vi''U'il1nmn 1 ti,.,1UBI'J 1vi'vi'~il' 1fl':i~<1-i'1~n1':i'U~,.,1':1~1'W'UB~ h~L~I'J'W 1illl,.,li'nm':in':l~'il11'Jei1'lJ1'il (X =4.37 , S.D.=0.65) ':iZ'U'Ufl1~'U~,.,,':i~'Utl~::lJ1ru'UB~

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h~L~EJ'U~\lii'U1rn~u~'I-I1~~1'U\Jflfl<t<J~1~L \'Ju~::uu (X =4.15 , 5.0.=0.69) h~L~£J'Uauuauu1~ ' ' lhVIfh~'] LL<t::nci:w<11~:m11L~I:J'U~01'1-!'Uill'i1irn1tJ~::Lil'Ui:J<!fl1~~1LU'U~1'Ul'tl1fl1~1ll1:U.ff'UillB'UB~1~

' " LU'U~::uu (X =4.13, 5.0.=0.67) LL<t::h~L~I:J'Uill11'il<l<Jurn~tJ!jmi~1'U~1'U'it1rn11>'i'1'W'4flmm l>'i'1u~utJ1::mru LL<t::~1'Urn~u~'l-!11vf11tJ blllEJflru::m~:urn~mv1uu<t::mvu<Jn (X =4.03 ,

5.0.=0.71)



78

m~1~~ 15 fl1Lil~I'J oh1JL~V~L'U1Jl.J1ill1~1'1.1 LL<I:m~~'U n1~'U~VmL~I'J1-ijh~L~I'J1JLU'UI'i1'1.111J h~L~I'J1JLVII'l'U1<l mil.Jm~i'i~j,j1VlB~~'U~ 5 i1f1Uvt<i'nl'l11l.J'I'l'i'Bl.J~'il~1'Un~~ill11'il<'IB'U

'

1. ~::'U'U<'i1~<'!1JLVII'IIL'i'i>lln1'l1 l"l'IA1~">1~1b~

ilv'!u1J

2. L1~L~I'Juilmn<'I11'VI<i' n.l!1'1.1n11tlljllii~1'1.1U~<J::i111u'l'l'i'Bl.J'il:: 1i111u

n1~'"~1'il<'IB'UU<J::iJm~~IOJ'U1B~1~~BLUB~

3. h~L~I'J'I.Ifl1'VIu~m'"1~11Jm1m1'il<'IB'Ufl11l.J()nl>l'B~ lu~~t.,1um~ Q •

CO. IV V I I CV

'Ul'VI1~'il~n1~~11J~11J'"1~'] 'ili'JWll~L'il'U

4. h~L~I'J'1.1~11'J~11JI'I11l.Jtl11vtU1n1~1'llLU'I.I~11J'!l'il~<'lmui'inj,j11-H

~unm'il~ '!ll.l'!l1J U<l::'VIU1V~1'1.1~L~V1-tf'il~VI~1'ULU'UU~::'ii1VInmfl . ' ' ~

L~I'J'U

5. ~1'1.1-ti'ill.J<l'!m~ l ~~ L~I'J1JLi'iu-ti<JlJ<l1 u m~l>i'~l11J 1 'il'!l'il~~'U~\111~ ... \1 \J '\1

6.

X

4.09

4.11

4.08

3.88

4.11

4.04

(n = 48)

S.D. ':i~~u

0.66

0.69

0.75

0.75

0.68

0.61

mn

mn

mn

'il1nllm1~~ 15 'l'l'U':i1 n11'U~'VI11L~I'JHli~L~I'J'I.ILUU~11JLUh~L~V1JLVII'l'U1<l mil.! ~ '

m~i'inj,j1Vl'il~~u~ 5 i111uvt<i' nfl11l.l'l'l'i''ill.l~'il:: 1um~'"11'il<'l'il'U 1~ I'J.f11'1'l11l.l'ilv11J1::~'Ul.l1n • (X =4.04 , 5.0.=0.61) L~'ilYi'il11W1n1~UljU~'!l'il~h~L~I'J'I.ImlJ'VI<i'nR11lJ'I'l'i''illJ~'il~1'Um~ '"~1'il<'l'il'U 'l'l'U11ilm~unlli\<Jv1u~::~ul.l1n11JVJnu~::L~u 1~m~tJ~a1~'U'il1nmn1uvt1U'ilV l!il~~if .. . ' L ~ ~ L~ V'U fl1'VI1J ~l.J 1m ~11J n1~ill11'il<'l 'il'U fl11l.J()n I>) 'il~ L U~ ~ 1<1 11J n1~'U ~\111~,) ~ n1~~11J i1f11J ~1~ ']

~ . 'il~1~~~L'il'l.l (X =4.11 , 5.0.=0.69) ~11J-tf'ill.l<l'!J'il~h~L~I'J'I.ILU1JU~::lv'!!U~'il~L~V'I.I m U<l::

... \J \1 '\1

~u~vt1~ <x =4.11 , 5.0.=0.68) h~L~tJ1JilL<Jn<'l1~vt<i'n~11Jm~unllii~1uu~<J::!il1u'l'l'i''illJ'il::1!il1u v ~ ..

n11ill11'il<'l'il'UU<J::ilm~~IOJ'I.I1'il~1~~miJ'il~ (X =4.09 , 5.0.=0.66) h~L~I'J1J~11'!~1'1.1fl11l.Jtl11VIU1 n11~1LU'1.1~1'1.1'!J'il~<'lm1Ji'inj,j11-H~unfl1'il~ '!ll.J'!l1J LL<l::vtU11'l~1'1.1~L~I'J1-tf'il~VI~1'ULU'I.IU~::'il1VIn . ' ' .f11flL~V1J (X =4.08, 5.0.=0.75) ~~'U'U<'I1~<11JLVI1'1Lyj'iln1~'U~V11~'!JEHh~L~I'J1J il~11J-tf'ill.J<l~LU'I.I

~ . U'il'ilU'I.I (X =3.99 , 5.0.=0.70) u<J::~1U-ti'ill.l<l'!J'il~h~L~I'JULtlu-ti<JlJ<l11Jm~l>i'~li1Jl'iJ'!J'il~~'U~vt1~

, ... '\1 '\1 '\1

(X =3.88, 5.0.=0.75)



79

~ti\J~ 3 2J1~<J~1\Jti1tJI.Jiili.Ja~L\JL'm~!J\JL'I'Ifi\J1iil na2lm-sfln'let1'1ia~iiu~ 5 ~ . .

I.J<lfl1<J'iLR-s1~'11111tJ\J~ 3 :U1\ll1~1\Jti1\JI.J<li.Ja1111tJh~L~I'J\JLVIf'!1.J1<l na:um1i'lmnVfa~i\\J vis ii11EJ<l~Llii'J11111112lm11~vl16- 21 iiil<J1ud •

111111~vl16 l'hLil~I'J ci1\JL;ji'J~L\J\J:U11111~11J LL<l~1~1i\1.J :U1\ll1~1\Jti1'UI.J<li.Ja111L\Jh~L~I'J\JLV1f'!1.J1<l ~ ~

na:um1i'ln"'1Vi'a~ii\Jvl s L1111'Jil1'Yi11:u •

1. ~L~EJ1Jiiflruli11l.J 'ii~I'Jli11l.J LL<l~Phucmv1Yl~tl1~<1~ti (Y 1) v •

2. ~L~I'J1Jii~111<hun 11Jfl11<J1J1mtLL<l~~>li1J1~~LL1111.i'tJ:U (Y 2) v •

3. ~L~EJuiiVin"'~ l1Jn11V11~11J 1nm1V11~1u <11l.J11twh~11J~1l.Jnu

~~1J 1ti LL<l~iiL'i1111fl~.yj~iilam:fi'Yi'1'i1~111 (Y 3)

4. ~L~I'J1Jiifl11l.J<11lJ11(11tJm1R111'iLm1~'11 fi111ii~Lm1~'11 ffi'i111ruqJ1ru

iifl11l.JR111<1-i'1~<111R n1111111~ma~ R111LLU1.J <J~ti11:u~n~uu LL<l~ii 'iaEJVif'lu (Yq) 11""11 ..,. 11 .., do d ..,

5. I.JL 11'J1J:Ufl11:U1LL<l~VIn"'~VI'ii1L U1J1111lJ'I1<ln<1m (Y 5) v v v

6. ~L~EJ1JiiVin"'~ L1Jfl11 LL<11~'111fl11:u-i'.i'11'J1111JL<J~ 1nm1L ~I'J1J-i' LL<l~ 'IJ I 'IJ '\J

~>li1J11111JLtJ~tJ~1~11im ila~ (Y 6)

vq ""' ..., ..., ""' .,J..,. 7. I.JL11'J1JlJ<1'1J1J<11'J <1'1J.fl1'Yifl11'J LL<l~<1'1Jil1'Yi'ii111VI\11 (Y,) 'U , , ,

8. ~L~I'J1Jii'11J'Vl~I'J.fl1'YiLL<l~~n"'ru~Uai'Jti11J~<lti~ \111J111~ n'l41 (Ya)

9. ~L~I'J1JLU1J<1:U1tnvl~'llti~R-sti\Jfl11 'IJ:U'IJ1J a~fl:U LL<l~tlfi~lll1J1111lJ v • ~

1 ~\J tl1.J U1 ~'IJ1B'li1 {;li'J eJ1Jii 'Yi1 ~lJ'I11 f) 1ffi ~ cl'Vl1 ~ L U1J U1 ~ lJ'IJ (Y .> • 10. ~u~m1<1m1Ji'ln"'1 1'11 LLm;um~I'J1Jiiflrum'l'lLU1JvlmJ:u1u'llm v v •

~Uf1fl1<l~LL<l~'l!:U'IJ1J (Y 10)

11. am1Ji'ln"'1ii:U11111~11JL i'J1JviYi~'l'ltJ 1' LL<l~I'JtJl.J1u L1111'J~tinfl1<J~ Q v

11:U (Ytot )

(n = 48)

S.D. v

X 1~\11\J

3.92 0.53 :U1f1

3.97 0.59 :U1f1

3.81 0.56 lJ1f1

3.47 0.66 t11unm~

3.64 0.60 lJ1f)

3.85 0.62 lJ1f)

4.18 0.52 :U1f1

4.39 0.61 lJ1f)

4.31 0.51 lJ1f1

4.11 0.57 lJ1f1

4.19 0.58 2J1f)

3.99 0.44 lJ1f)

'il1f1111111~vl16 'l'l\111 :U111111i11Jti11JI.J<li.Ja111L1Jh~L~I'J1JLVIf'!\J1<1 mi:un11i'ln"'1Vfa~ii1J~ 5 Q '

L1111'J111'Yi11:U<J~11J1~1ii'u :u1n (X =3.99, 5.0.=0.44) Lrlaw'il11ru111JLL!ii<J~.i'11J 'l'l1.J-l1n11

m111-.li11Jvi'11JI.J<JI.Jii11111J h~L~I'J1JL 'Vlf'!\11<1 mil.Jm-;i'l n"'1Vfa~ii,.vl s a EJ L1J1~1ii'umn L~I'J~ml.J<i11ii'1.J Q ' v

'il1f1lJ1n1timUtJI'J 1tili\~if ~L~I'J1Jii<11JVI~I'Ji11'YiLL<l~~n"'ru~\iaEJti11J~<lti~ \111J111~ nW1 (X =4.39 , v '

5.0.=0.61) ~ L ~ I'J 1J L i'J 1J <1 :U 1 t nvl ~ 'IJ tJ ~ 1'11 tl\J 1'111 'IJ lJ'IJ 1J a~ fl:U LL<l ~ tJ fi U~ 1111J 1111lJ-; ~ \J tJ \J v ' ~

ti-;~'IJ1Bti11111'JeJ1Jii'l'l-;~l.J'I11n,;/111~cJ'Vl-;~LU1Jti1~lJ'IJ (X =4.31 , 5.0.=0.51) <1m1Ji'!f1"'1iil.J11111~11J ' Q

L U1J~Yl ~vw h LL<l ~ I'J a:u11.J L\111'J~tl nfl1tl~ LL<l ~'IJ:U'IJ1J 1 ~ 1111auu <11J 1J LL<l ~ij ci11J'i1l.J 1,. nww>li1J 1 v • •

f11 .. i'!mn(X =4.19 , 5.0.=0.58) ~L~I'J1Jii<1'1lUai'J <1'1J.fl1'Yif111'J LL<l~<1'1J111'Yi~111vl~ (X =4.18 , 'U ' , ,



80

5.0.=0.52) . ~'\J~'V!Tl<Ul1'U~fl'N1 A~ LLa~tim~EJ'UUfltl.lil1'1'1LU'U~EJ!l:U~'\J'!J!l~~tlnm!l~LLa~'q:U'ti'U (X =4.11 , 5.0.=0.57) liL"1EJ'UU~Iil.11iin1un1~!l'U~fl,;U.a~.,;'~u1~~LL1Iil.i'!l:U (X =3.97 ,

v •

5.0.=0.59) liL~truiiflrull~~:u "i1~1J1l~~:u LLa~rhiiEJ:u~Yl~tl~~a~f'l (X =3.92 , 5.0.=0.53) liL~vuii v • v

Vlfl'N~ 1 'Ufl1~LL<11~'VI1fl11:U{~1 EJ!ii'UL!l~ ~flfl1~L~EJ'U{LLa~.,;~'IJ11il'UL!l~!l~1~~!lL ~!l~ (X =3.85 , v v

S.D.=0.62) liL~vui1Vfn"N~1um~v'h~1u ~nm~vh~1u a1:u1~uvh~1'1J~1:Un'Uli1iu1~ u.a~uL"illilfl~~ v v

~~!lmiina"il~lil (X =3.81, 5.0.=0.56) liL~EJ'UUfl11:U{LLa~Vfn"N~~,]1LU'Uiii1:U'VI<lfl<1m (X =3.64 , \1 " 'U

, 5.0.=0.60) <i1Ut;Jaf11~~1LU'Ufl1~1i11:U:U1mli1'1J~1'Ui:-Jat;Ji\1ii ~1'UliL"1tJ'UUfl11:U<11:U1~u1un1~~lil ~ v •

'iLm1~oH ~lii.,~Lfl11~oH m"il1~tl.l(\!1tl.l Ufl11:URiil<1~1~a~~fi Rlil11il~lil~!l~ Rliii.I.'U'\J !l~R~1:UVJn~'\J'\J

u.a~i11<1vv11'1u eJ~1u~~~'Utl1unm~ <x =3.47 , s.0.=0.66)

lil1~1~~ 17 rhLil~I'J a1'ULtltJ~L'\J'U:U11il~li1'\J U.a:m~~'\J lJ11il~li1'U~1'Ut;Ji!t;Ji\1i11'Uh~L";jtJ'UL'VI!'1'\J1il ~ ~

mi:un1~~n"N1vl!l~~u~ 5 ~1uliL~EJuuRru1l~~:u "il~EJll~~:u u.a~rhuv:u~Yi~tl~~a~f'l • v •

(n = 48)

1. U'itiv i1m1:u~'U1llil'tl!l'U 3.79 0.65 :U1fl

2. ufl11:w~eJ<11ilv'l'~lil m1:un!ii'(\!'IJnlilnV1 Wlillil1 n1ru1 3.96 0.61 :U1fl .f..;'d '""' do

L!l!lLW!JLt;J!JU.t;J La1Jaa~L'I'I!l<11'U~1:U

3. i~ntl!jilli m:umi'nll~~:u L il'eJ~~'U'tl!l~!'11a'U1~Iii'UU'\JOeJ 4.05 0.64 )J1fl

4. ti~~'VIirlil LLa~~~ n1 oii'VI~nv~~·~m~a1uliluu.a~a1u~1:u!l ~1~fl:urh 3.83 0.62 :U1fl v •

5. UEJ:U 1'VIEJ L 'i1'Ufltl.ll'h 1 'UJJUU(\!(\!1vl!l~~'U JJUU'\![\111'1'1[) 3.91 0.64 lJ1fl

6. ~fl11:UL U'U 1'VIEJ 4.04 0.61 :U1fl

~1:U 3.92 0.53 lJ1fl

"il1f11i11~1~~ 17 '1'1'\J';h :w1mli1'U~1Ut;Jat;Ji\1i11uh~L~tJ'UL'VII'1'\J1a mi:um~~n"N1vl!l~~u~ 5 ~ .

~1uliL"1vui1flru1l~~:u "il~1l1l~~:u LLa~fhiJEJ:u~Yi~tl~~a~fi LliltJil1'1'1~1:UeJtJ1u~~~'IJ:u1n <x =3.92 , v • v

S.D. =0.53) LlieJVl"i11~tl.l1 m~tl fiilli'!J!l~ h ~~~tJ'Uiil1lJ:U1mli1'U~1'Uli L~tJ'UUI'ltl.lll~~:u "il~tJll~~:u u.a::: d.J ... \1 ,

l'iTiiv:u~Yi~tl ~~a~ Pi 'I'I'IJ11i1 fl1 ~tl fiillieJtJ 1 u ~ ~~'Umn1 'U'VI ntl~~ L~'IJ Llilm~ tJ~ci' 1l'1'U"i11 nmn1 ti'V!1 .. v •

U!ltJ 1~1'1~il' ~~~1Jui~ntl!jillilii1:U'VI<i'n1l~~:uLil'!l~~'IJ'!J!l~!'11a'U1~1il'UU'\JO!l (X =4.05 , 5.0.=0.64)

i1m1:UiJiih1u1~u1l~~:uLLa~fl11:ULU'U1'VI1J (X =4.04, 5.0.=0.61) Ufl11:u~miliiV~"il~lil m1:u

nlil'l!qJf11ilL1V1 L:Uiillil1 n1ru1 Ltm~m~mLri La£Jaa~LvleJa1u~1:u (X =3.96 , S.D.=0.61) iiv:u1'VIv

L~'Uflrul'i11uiJiiil'l![\!1vl!l~~u JJiitl[\![\!11'VIv (X =3.91 , s.0.=0.64) ti~~'VIcJiil u.a:::i~nl-ii'VI~nv 11~'!JeJ~a1u\iluLLa:::a1u~1:ueJ~1~fi:ul'i1 <x =3.83 , s.o.=0.62) LLa~mil'v i1fl11:u~'IJ1llil'lf!l'U <x = • 3.79 ' 5.0.=0.65)



81

lllTm~ 18 R1Lil~CJ ci1uLdv~Luummli1'U LL<l~1~1'i'u lJ111l':ili1'U!1i1'U~<t~iilll1'Uh~L~CJ'UL'Vli'1U1<t ~ ~

mi:wm1i'in,nVfil~~'U~ 5 ~huliL~vuil~lll.;1un1 um1 il'U1'n,;u.<t~W~'U1~~U.111lolil:W • • • (n = 48)

3.91 0.62 :W1fl

L U~CJ'UU. U<t~~~LL 1\llol!l:W

2. Lii1~1:w111"1llilci•u~•:wn"ilm1:w/11'11~m1il"U1'm1u.<t~w~u1 4.04 0.65 lJ1fl • - ~ <NU.1\Il<t!l:W

11:W 3.97 0.53 :W1fl

"il1fllll111~~ 18 YlU11:W1\Il11i1'U~ll'U~<t~iilll1'1Jh~L~EJ'UL'Vli'1U1<t mi:wfl11i'imnVlil~~'U~ 5 ~ .

~1'UliL~EJuil~lll<hwn1 u fl11!l'U1' n,ju.<t ~'li'~u1~~ Ln 11l~!l:w L\llt!m'Yl11:W!lEJ 1 'U1~1'i'u:w1n < x = 3. 97 , • • • 5. o. =0.5 3) L~ !l.;;\111 ru1n11u 51J~"tJ!l~ 11~L ~ EJ'U\Il1lJlJ1\Il':i.lj1'U ~1u~ L ~ EJ'Uil~lll.;1un1 'Ufl1'lil'41'n,j

u.<t::'li'~u1~~U.111l~il:w 'YlU11ilfl11tl5tr&ifl ~ 1 'U1~1'i'umn1 'U'YJflU1:: L~'U 1111 m~EJ~<l1l'i'u"il1 nmn1 tl1111

tJ !li'J 1!11 Iii'~ d li L~ CJ'UL"OT~1:WVI~!lilci1'U~1:W n\l fl':i1lJ/L fl':i~ fl11il'U 1 n,ju.<t ::'11 ~'U1~~ U.1 \ll~ !J)J (X = • • 4.04 , 5.0.=0.65) U.<t:: ~!'lrulhlJ!l~~~U.111lolillJ lll1l:V!Uflii~~<tfl':i::'Vlu~Lni1l\l1fln11L tl~I'J'UU. tl<t~ • • ..: v -<'mL1\Il<lil:W (X =3.91 , 5.0.=0.62)

m11~~ 19 l'i1Lil~EJ ci1uLdEJ~L'U'UlJ111l'lli1'U u.<t:;1:;1'i'u lJ111l':ili1'U!1i1'U~<t~iilll1u h~L~I'l'UL 'Vll'lm<t ~ ~

mi:wn11~mnYfil~~'U~ 5 f;'huliL~I'l'Uilvi'n~~ 1ufl1w'hnu 1nfl1Tv'h~1'U a1m1u • • v'h~1'U~1:wnuli~u1~ u.m~ilL"illll!'l~~~vi!l!l1-li'Yla"il~lll • •

d d u

1. lJ!'l11lJ'Yl1flL'I'II'J1'YlEJ11'J1lJ "iJEJ'U !l\ll'Vl'U 3.76 0.69 :W1fl

2. ilm1:w<t:;L Bl'l\ll1!l'U!'l!lU lumwh~1'U 3.59 0.71 :W1fl

3. ilvlfl\1~ 1 'Ufl11~\llfl11LL<t:;Y'h~1'U1~.11L ~\l 3.69 0.65 :IJ1fl

4. Yi1~1'U!ll'h~iJ!'l11lJ3"iJ 'Ji'~'U1~1'UU.ft:;j)jj'l\J 1 'U~<t~1'U'lJ!l~\ll'UL!l~ • • 3.99 0.61 :W1fl

v'h~1'U~1:wnu~~'U 1~ 5. 4.05 0.63 :IJ1fl

11:W 3.81 0.53 :W1fl

"il1fllll111~~ 19 Yl'U11 :IJ1\Il':i'01'U~1'U~<t~ii1111'Uh~L~I'J'UL 'Vli'1'U1<t milJfl11~fl'l11Vl!l~~'U~ 5 ~ .

~1'UUL~I'l'Uilvi'n~:; 1 unwvh~1'U 1'nm1vh~1'U a1mmv'hnu~1:wnu li~u 1~ LL<t~ilL"illll!'l~~~vi!l . "



82

en:SV1<~~~0J 111lvm'l'1~1:u<Jti'l-u~~lii'mnn (X =3.81 , 5.0.=0.53) L~<J~~1~unm~tlfiu~'ll<J~ • •

h~L~vum:umm~1u!iiTu~\~uuiiVfnj,J~ 1 u m~vl1~1u 1'nm~vl1~1u <I1:U1~t1v11~1'U~1:unu ei!iu 1!ii ~ . .

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~tl nfl':iel~ LL<J::'lllJ'll'W 1 '11m1&1U1JG1'W'WLL<l::il.i1'W~1lJ 1 'Wn1':i~RJ'W1n1':i~ mn " ' '

LL<J~aa:tJ-ru Lfla~tlnfl~a~

LLm:ihhu~1:tJ 1um~-w'RJ'W1 n1~fln"'1

1. ~tlnfl':ieJ~LL<J::'lllJ'll'Wilfl11:tJ.W~vm h 1 'WI'l11lJ&~::tnlll fl11lJL uu . ' 'l::LijEJuL~eJ1J~eJEJu<~::1'111J1m'llii'1u&~mu~ 1'01111 eJtlmru 'i'll1m1

' ' .. ~ ' u<J::au '] "tteJ~l1m'WI'Imnun'l!lJ'll'W

2. ~tlnfl':imLL<l::'lllJ'll'WL -ih~1:tJ L i'luflru:: m':il.Jn1':il1mu~ n,n LL<J:: 1 '11 . ' m':il1U1Jl1'W'WLL<J::il.i1'W~1lJ 1 um':i~RJ'W1n1':i~mn m1 1 '11

' F'hmn"'1u u::'l11 lll<lellll'il'W rn'"''"" ,.;::,,ell,"<:'

4.18 0.60

4.22 0.62

4.19 0.58

mn

lJ1n

lJ1n

'il1nlll1':i1~~ 27 YM.h lJ111l':i\i1'Wol1'Wl"'<Jl"'1illl1uh~L~EJ'WL'Vll'ltJ1<l n<i:tJm1~n"'1Via~i\u~ 5 ~ '

ol1'Wl1m'W~ n"'1illJ111l':i\i1'WL i'lu~.W~vm h LL<l:: eJBlJ-ru 1111 eJ~tl nmeJ~ LL<J::'lllJ'll'W 1 '11 n1':il1UtJG1'W'WLL<J:: ... "' , , ilri1'W~1lJ1'Wm':i~RJ'W1n1':i~n"'1LIIIfJ.fl1'Yl':i1lJBeJ1'W'l::~umn (X ;4.19 , 5.0.;0.58) Lfla • Yi'il1':itu1m':itlfillii'llm 1: '>~L~fJ'WIIl1lJlJ111l':iJl1'Wol1'W&~mu~ n-.nilmmJl1'WL i'lu~.W~'YleJ 1 'il LL<l:: fJeJlJ-ru

LIIIEJ~tinfl':ia~ LL<l ::'lllJ'll'W 1 '11m':il1UUG1'W'WLL<J::il.i1'W~1lJ 1 'Wn1':i~RJ'W1n1':i~n"'1 'Yl1J';hilm':itliilliieJ ci 'U • , ~"

1 'W':i::~umn 1 'W'Vl ntl ':i::t~'W 1111 m~ I'J~<i'1~tJ'il1n:tJ1n 1 tlvniieJeJ 1.1~~-d ~tl nfl'>eJ~ LL<l ::'lllJ'll'WL off1~1lJ ' . '

L i'JuFJru:: m':ilJn1':i&~mu~mi1LL<J:: 1 '11m'l&~U1J&~'W'WLL<l::il.i1'W~1lJ 1 'Wn1':i~RJ'W1n1':i~n"t;1 m~ 1 '11 '

fhti~n"t;1LL'W::U1 lll<lellll'il'W nwd1m'VIiiBol1'W~'W'] LLn'l!lJ'll'W (X ;4.22 , 5.0.;0.62) LL<l::

~tl nmeJ~ LL<l :::'lllJ'll'Wilfl11:tJ.W~'YleJ 1 'il 1 'WI'l11:tJi'l::: B1111 1'111lJ L U'W'l:: L ii I'J1J L ~ I'J1J~eJ I'J LL<J:: 1 '111J1 n1':iol1'W . ' &~mu~ 1'<1111 eJtimru 'i'!J1m1 u<~::~u'J '!IB~l1mu~m"1LLn'll:tJ'll'W ex ;4.18 , 5.D.;0.60l

' ' '



88

lllv\J~ 4 fi111Ja1J~\Jll~::vl'h~n1'S'I.I~'V11~LA!.Itiih~L"ivuLU\Jj1\Jn'l.l:ll1111'Sj1\Jti1\JW~WfiiiiL\J 1m"ivuL'I'Ifl'll1~ n~:~~m~iimn'lia~au~ 5

w~ n1'S'i Ll'l'S1::'1-l f1111l<1'1J.W'Uih::·l·rl1~ n1'>'1.1 :h11'S1A tJ 1-ifi:'S ~ L'i tJ'IJ L U'IJ1i1'1J n'U:IJ 1\l1'Hl1'1J l'i1'1J ~ ~

w~wfl1111 'IJ h~L"it~'IJL '1'11'1'1.11~ mi:um.,ioimnVfe~a'IJ~ 5 ~'i~tJ H'm1'i Lm1::'1-lfi1.1':uth::ii'l'l~ ' . <1'11<1'1l.W\JG'!J'il~ LoWtJ1.1u (Pearson's product - moment correlation coefficient);\~

'>1t!mnllt~A1'1Jil11'S1~~ 28

Vla'nn1"l\J~l'11'i

flo1m7·~~ou

"" IUUJ1U

~hLilum'i

fl'1uuauft"

~L ;M~"~11in luni"i [l14i'n~ ., (Y 2)

~~;auihin-et::lun1"i

,;,., (Y,)

~~;U1.Jii"111lft1l11"inlu

n1"iM1Lf'll1Z~ "1 (Y J gL~trui1PI111ljUfl::in'tt::

ii·hUu , (Y 5)

~L;auimn'tr.:lun11

LU'I'mnl"'11llf , (Y 6)

~L;auin]W~a ~m'l'l

mv., {Y7)

~Li'vuiiqumafl-mt.uu:

H~iliath\1 , (Y s) ~L;UULiJUftlJ'liniiMi"M

fi'Ul'UI'Ii'1 ., (Y 9)

rgtJ;,.,11ffnw~n~ ~'~1

Ufi::U'mi'flUiif)NJYl'l'l

L\J~tJtnri'tJ"l (Y 10)

ffCl1U~~fi1JIU

Ltluiliii.meh., (Y11)

ll1Yi111J (Ytot )

i\'u 1J1 m 1i1'1J lih'Uw ~ w ii 111 1A tJ tn'Yi '>1:U LL~:: 'S1 tJ ilh'U '!J e ~ h ~ L "i tJ 'IJ b '1'11'!'1.11 ~ mi:u n1'S ioi mn ~ '

Vfe~ti'IJVi s

-,<\'nm1 m~in~

ih\J1il

.390

.456

.415

.400

.399

.441

.394

.323

.438

.479

.481

.554

-,<\'nm~

U~\11~

I>IIJL8.

.584

.586

.545

.565

.562

.617

.474

.382

.578

.647

.552

.718

-,<\'nm~

u'im~LLUU

ihhu~11l

.551

.507

.539

.516

.402

.492

.500

.381

.487

.501

.497

.632

.. 1l11~~\J1

.r· LLUULn8\11j\J

<x.l .466

.490

.485

.500

.482

.535

.502

.417

.473

.491

.497

.630

-,<\'nm~ -,<\'nf!111l mn1111

WV11\J1~• 'n'l81JVi'\l~'lu (X,0,)

~~uu n111i111ili'l!lU

.547 .599 .613

.561 .586 .622

.519 .627 .612

.573 .675 .632

.527 .599 .580

.552 .624 .660

.540 .416 .552

.480 .345 .455

.600 .503 .600

.590 .616 .648

.574 .579 .621

.715 .730 .709



89

'i11nli11~1~.yi 28 'l'ltri1 n1~'\J~li1~Lvwliih~L1tJ'ULU'UJlTU (X101) numlil~.lj1'UI1i'1'UI:mc.~i'ilil (Y101 ) 1uh~L11'J'UL'I'lf'l'U1<l n~llm~i'imnVfB~~'Uvi 5 L111tJ~1llUf111llii'll~'Utltl'U',j~ (r = 0.709)

B~1~fium11fi'ty'l'l1~i1ii~Yi~~.ru .o 1 L~BYl'i11~ru1m1llii'll~u5~~w11~m~u~,1~ l111tJ 1 i1 ~~L1EJu L i'lu~11Jtl'Ull1mln'UI1i'1'Uc.J<lc.Ji'il1l'IIB~ h~L1tJ'UL 'l'lf'l'U1<l millm~i'imnVfB~~'Uvi 5 ulli<J~I1i'1'U'I'l'IJ':h

~ ~ ' m~u~m~ l1111'J t m ~~ L11'J'UL i'lu~1ufim1llii'll~u5nunull1\11~1i1'U~1uc.~<~c.~i'ilil1 u 1 ~~L1tJ'UL 'l'lf'l'U1<~

' . .... .. .... I - IV q .,. Q V U tfOJ CV Q

O<jlln1~f'ln~1'1'1B~fi'U'I'l 5 llfl11lli1ll'I'I'U5n'UI1l~'U

~1'Umlnm~m~'i11tlel1'U1'ii(X 1 ) Ufl11llii'll~'Utltl'Umm.lj1'U~1'Uc.i<lc.Ji'ilil(Y,01) r = 0.554

~1'Ull<i'nm~u~,1~11l'ULm(X2) Uf111llii'll~'Utltl'Ull1m~1'UI1i'1'U~<l~i'ilil(Y101) r = 0.718 ~

~1'Ull<i'nm~'U~lll~LL'U'UU<i1'U~1ll(X3) Ufl11llii'll~'Utltl'Ull1\i1~1i1'UI1i'1'U~<l~i'ilil(Y,01) ~

r = 0.632

11i'1'Ull<i'nm~fi.n11~~'li1LL'U'ULifBw4'U(X4) Ufl11llii'll~'Utltl'Ull1\i1~.lj1'UI1i'1'U~<l~i'ilil(Y101) r = 0.630

~1'Ull<i'nm~~?li'U1-.r~~~uu(X5) Ufl11llii'll~'U5numm.li1'U~1'U~<l~i'ilil(Y101) r = 0. 715

~1'U'~<~<i'nm1ll'l'l'lBllVi'il~'i'um~m1'ili1B'U(X6) Ufl11llii'll~'Utltl'UU1\i1~1i1'U~1'U~<l~i'ilil(Y101) ~

r = 0.730



d \JVIVI 5

m~1~~ L~8~ Vl<i'nm~u"ivm 1~w 1m ~~L~ti'IJL U'IJ\i1'1Jnum~~1L U'IJn1~!1l1lJlJ1lll~\i1'1Jilhu • • e..!Oe..alll1uh~L~~'IJLVJI'!U110 mium~Pin,nVI<H~'IJ~ 5 il1lll(lti~~"'~fiLYl8VJ~1u 1) m~u"ivmhwH

' ' h~L~~'IJL U'IJ\i1'1J 1 u h~L~~'IJL VJI'\U110 n~um~PimnVI8~~u~ 5 2) mlll~\i1'1Jfl1'1Je.ii0 e..alll1 u h~L~~'IJ . ' . L VII'\\J110 n~um~Pinj,j1VJm~'IJvl 5 LL<l~ 3) 1'111ll~lJ~'IJih~,ri1~n1~U"iVI1~ L~li'J 1m ~~L~El'IJL U'IJ\i1'1J ' . nummli1'1Jfl1'1Je.I!Oe.lalll1'1Jh~L~El'IJLVII'\U110 n~lJm~PimnVJ8~~'1J~ 5 m'l%~~~~~i1Li'J'IJm'l1~~ . ' L:a~Y.mru'IJ1 (descriptive research) L111EJ1m~~L~EJ'IJLVII'\U110 n~lJm'li'imnVI8~~'1J~ 5 Li'luvni1EJ

1tm1::'11 (unit of analysis) eTIIXii8lJ<lfl8 ~el1'1J1Eln1~i'lm'IJPimn ~8~~el1'1J1Eln1~i'lm'!Jioln"'1 " " " " LLIO~'Vt1Jn~1'1JI'l~LVII'\\J110 'il1'1J1'1J 2 l'l'IJ ~1lJLU'IJh~L~El'IJIO~ 4 l'l'IJ ~1lJ~~~'IJ 192 fl'IJ Ll'l~8~i'i8vlloif •

1 '1Jn1'l1~ ElL U'IJLL \J\J i'I8\J (l1lJ L~ El1 nu n1~U"iVI1~ L\11 t~1 m ~~ L~ El'IJL U'IJ \i1'1J\111ll LL 'IJ1 R\11'(18~ri11i'n~1'1J • Rru~m'llJn1'ln1~ioJm~1LL vi~'l!1~ LLIO~Ullll~\i1'1Jfl1'1Je.I!Oe.lalllL 'lJ L ~~ L~El'IJL VII'\\J110\1l1lJLL 'IJ1VI1~n1~ • U'l~Lil'IJR(lJ.fl1'VIn1~ioln,.1'tl8~i'lm'IJioln"t;11 'IJ~~ n1118~fimtl nmm<h'IJVJ8~~'1J fl1'1Je.IIO e..a\11 i'IO~vl

' 1ii1um'l1~~f.i8 1111ufl (frequency) 18EJIO~ (percentage) fl1LU~El (X) ri1'1JL~~~LU'IJ Ullil'l\i1'1J (S.D.) LLIO~ m~1LR~1~'11fi1~lJti'l~iiVI~i'IVI~lJ~'IJll'tl8~ LYi~-i"~'IJ (Pearson's product • - moment correlation coefficient) 1LR~1~'11ii8lJIOL111~1mtl~umuri1L~'il~tl • •

'il1 n n1'l1 Ll'l~1~'11ii8lJIO m'l% tJ L~8~ m~u "iVI1'lL111EJ1 m 'l~ L~ El'IJ L U'IJ\i1'1J nUlJ1m\i1'1Jfl1'1J • • • e..10e..a\l\ 1 u h~L~EJ'IJL VJI'!U110 n~um~ioln"t;1VJ8~~uvi 5 i'l1lJ1~(l i'l'ltle-~10 1fll"l~i1

' ' 1. m'lU"i'l-11'lL~w 1 iih~L~EJ'IJL U'IJ\i1'1J 1 u h~L~EJ'IJLVJI'\\J110 n~lJm~ioln"t;1VJ8~~'1Jvl 5 L111EJ . '

.fl1"1'1'l1U8EJ1 'IJ'l::l"i'umn ui8i'l'il1~ru1L tlu'l1~f11u "1'1Ui1 8~ 1 u~~l"i'uu1 nVJnf11u 1111m~~~fi1 Lll~ EJ . . ' 'il1nmn 1 ti'1-11U8EJ1fil"l~i1 '1-1<1 nm~m~'il1EJeJ1'1J1'il 'l-1<i'nm~ilm1:::~'111LL uu L~8'1-1'1J'IJ 'l-1<i'nm'l . '

u ~ ..... .., .... ... d ..... .... 'VI\11J'IJ1VI~'l~\J\J 'l-110nn1~\J'l'l-11'llii'IJL8~ 'l-110nl'l11lJ'VI'l8lJVI'il~~\J n1'llll'l1'ili'I8\J LLIO~ 'l-110nn1'l

u"i'l-11'lLL uuilri1'1J~1u mu<hl"i'u

2. mlll'l\i1'1Jfl1'1Je..!Oe..alll1 uh~L~t~'IJL VJI'\\J110 n~um~ioln"t;1VJ8~~uvi 5 111lv.rn'VI'l1U8EJ1 u . ' . ~:::l"i'ulJ1n Lrl8i'l'il1~ru1LU'IJ'l1Elfl1'1J 'VIUi1 8~1u'l:::l"i'umn 'il1'1J1'1J 10 f11u U.IO:::~~I"i'uti1'1Jni01~ • 'il1u1'1J 1 fi1u L111~ilfi1Lil~m~EJ~'il1nlJ1n 1 ti'1-11U8~ 1fll"l~i1 fl1'1J~L~t~'Wili'luVJ~t~m'Vtu.iO~<i'n"'ru~ . ' U~~fl1'1Ji'i!Otl~ 111'1Jlll~ ihn fl1'1J~L~ti'IJLU'IJi'lll1;anvl~'tl8~1'1~8\JR11 'l!ll'l!'IJ ~~I'll! LLIO~tJn,m\l\'IJ . ' ~

\l\ 1ll~~\J8\J U'l ~ 'l!1Btl1\l\ El<l'IJil'VI'l ~ lJ'I-11 nm%VJ ~ ~ L i'lutl 'l ~ lJ'tl fl1'1J"' (11 'lJ joj n j,/1 ilm m \i1 'lJ L U'IJ viYl ~ ' . "1'18 h U.IO ~ EJ8lJ1u 1111 EJ ~tl n 11 ~ 8~ u10::: 'l!U'l!'IJ 1 IX m'li'l 1i'u i'I'IJ'IJ LLIO ~il ri1u ~1u 1 'lJ m'l~\11J'IJ1 n 1 ~iol n"t;1 . ' ' , "Q .... .... .... ""' de~ , v ""' ~ .... ... ... 1111'1Je.l L ~!'J'IJlJi'l'tl'IJi'l~ <1'tl.fl1'VIn1tl LLIO:::i'l'tJ.fl1'VI'illiiVI\11 1111'1Je.IU)'I-11~<1(11'1JI'\nj,j1 m U.IO:~'IJnL ~~'IJU " , , , " " l'l(lJfl1'VIL tJ '!Jvl El8U1U't18~~tJ n l'l'l8~ LLIO :::'l!U'l!'IJ fl1'1J ~ L~ tJ'IJiJ ~ \l\ <hii n 1 'lJ n1 ~8 'lJ 1 mtLLIO ~~ \11J'IJ 1 , " . " .

90



91

1\~ 1.mui' eJlJ 1'11u~ L'icruill'l ru5~ ~lJ 'il ~ f.lli~~lJ u.<~:::l'hilvlJviYl~tl~ zow'i 1'11'W~~\'i vuilVI n"':; 1 'Wn1~ v • v

LLl'I1~'VI11'111lJ~I'i'11'1 lli'WI.il~ ~ n m~L 'ivu~u.<J:::'I1Ilii'W111l'WLB~il ~1~1lim ~il~ 1'11u~ L'ivuilVin"':: 1 'Wn1~ v v v

vh~1'W ~nm~vh~1'W l'l1lJ1~(lv'h~1'W~1lJii\n!~u11'1 LLm:ilL'ill1l!'l~vi~llieJmii'l'll'l'il~111 l'i'1'W~L'it~'Wil v • •

!'111lJ~ u.m:Vi n"':::vi 'ii'11. \'JumlJ'VI~ nO'! 111 ~ u.<~ :::ill'i 1Lil~ f.lili'IL u~::: i>lut!1'W n <11~ 1 'W Iii' 1 'W~ L'ivuil 'IJ " ,. \1

1'111lJO'I1lJ1~(11 'Wn1~fi111'i1.m1:::~ fi111<1'~1.1'1~1:::~ il'i'i11~UI(\!1UI ill'l11lJfi1110'1~1~0'1~1fl fi111l111~mil~

fi111u.uu eJ~fi~1lJ~~~:::uu u.<~:::moii'IVII'\11 3. n1~\J~'V11~ hw 1-H'l-:m'ii'I'WI. U'W_ij1'W nUlJ111l~!j1'WI'i'1'UII<lll~\11 1 \I b~L'if.I'WI. VII'\U1<ln~lJ

m~ioin"'1Vlil~~uvi 5 ilm1lJ.1lJ'!1ufii\''WeJ~1~il'!Im11~'l!VI1~l'l1i~vi~:::i>lu .01 1111vill'i11'111lJ<1'lJ'I1'WB

i\'u 1 u Vl1~ 1.J1 n'VI'i eJil m 1lJ .1lJ '11 'W fi i\' 'W 1 'W ~ n"'ru:; l'lol ill'l 1111lJ i\' 'W 1 1111'1il m 1lJ .1lJ'I1 'W fi i\'u 1. 'i <H 1111lJ~11>i'u 'il1nmn 1 tl'V11Uill'll>i'~i11'11'W'VI~nl'l11lJ'I'l~illJvi'il:::~um1m1 'iil'lilU l'i'1'W'VI~ nn11U~'VI1~ 1'11u

'i11nm1'iLfl11:::~-tieJlJ<l'i~l'lii1~i11u ~~1'111'11111 tl<im~eJ.ihh1CJII<li>l~l1' v v •

1. 'il1 n II <l n1 ~'j ~ 1'1 'l'l\J 11 n11\J ~ 'VI1111111'11-ii\1 ~I. 'i fJ 'WI. \'J 'W li1 'W 1 'W \)~I. 'i I'J'W I. VII'\ 1.!1<1

ncilJm~ioi mnVf il~~uvi 5 eJI'I1 u~:::i>lumn ~~ hil'leJ1111'lol il~ i\'ul'llJlJ~ ;1'W'!Jil~ n11'i~l'lvi~~ 1111 • v ~

'VI~nm~u~'VI1~ 11111'1 H'b~L'ii'I'WL U'Wii1'W 1 'W h~L'ii'I'WL Vll'\1.!1<1 ncilJm~ioin"'1Vlil~~'Wvi 5 eJCJl u~:::i>lu ~ • v

U1'Wn<l1~ ~~i1eJ1'iJL ~il~lJ1'il1nmlJ<i~ I.O'I~lJn1~tlnmeJ~Vlil~~'Wil'W 1f.IU1 CJ<i~LO'I~lJ 1m~~ L'i CJ'Wvi<1~ i\'111

eJ~fimtlnfl1eJ~<i1'WVlil~~'W111'VI~ nn1~u~'V11~ 11111'11-iil ~ ~L'if.I'WL U'Wii1'W 1 tl1 -tit umwh1. il'W~1'W'!Jil~ ~

1 ~~L'ivu ~~ 1tll~ 111vh 1m~m 1 m~u ~'VI11 hw 1-til m'ii'I'WL U'Wii1'W 1. i'lil'l1llii'W1Vlil~~'W 111lvil'il111ll~'VIlJ11'1 ~ . .

1. i'leJ1 ~il~fimtl nmeJ~<i1'WVlil~~'W 1-til ~~L'iCJ'WL U'Wii1'..1 1 'Wtm'l1lli!'W1Vlil~~'W l'i'1f.ln1~~111m~ioin"'1 ~

11101 eJ111ii'i 111 ( m~~111m~ioi n"'11 'W~:::uu m~ioin"'1'Wil m:::uu LL<J::: m~ ioi n"'11111WJ5 f.l1 P\v) 1111lJI'l11lJ

!1feJ~nWUil~L~n Lf.I11'!J'W I.L<J:::tl~:::'!J1'!J'WL 'WVlil~~'W 1.1.<1:::1. flilL m ~~L'ii'I'W 1 ua~i\'111eJ~fimtlnl'l~eJ~a1'W VieJ~~uilP!nvm'l'l u.<~:::ilm1lJflcieJ~Iil11 um~'l1lli!'W11'lrum'l'l'!lil~ L~n Lf.l11'!l'W u.<J:::tl~:::'!J1'!J'..!VInfl'W 1 'W • • Vlil~~'W 1 ~ill'l11lJ I. U'WL~I'\\111lJPln l'lfl1'1'l U.<l:::B'ilil~ f.lfl1'1'l'!Jil~LLili<J:::Ufll'l<l 'Ill 1m 1~ L'i 1'1'..11. VII'\\J1<l ncilJ • • m1ioin"'1VieJ~~ uvi 5 11'1111 u. 'W1VI1~m tltl5Wi'il~~ 1 u b ~ L'ii'I'W'ii'WLii 11111<1 l'leJ1111'loi'eJ~ i\'u11<~ m~ioi n"'1

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v d

Scale Scale Corrected Mean Variance Item- Alpha

if Item if Item Total if Item Deleted Deleted Correlation Deleted

n1 129.0333 359.5506 .6300 .9775 n2 128.8333 353.8678 .7765 .9768 n3 128.8000 359.6138 .6505 .9774 n4 129.0000 358.6897 .6843 .9772 n5 128.9000 364.2310 .5565 .9777 n6 128.9000 358.3690 .5823 .9778 n7 129.0333 356.0333 .8063 .9767 '118 128.8333 362.2126 .6632 .9773 '119 128.9000 357.7483 .7630 .9769 '1110 129.0000 359.5172 .7619 .9770 '1111 128.8000 362.9241 .5300 .9779 '1112 129.0000 356.0690 .7807 .9768 '1113 129.1000 362.3000 .5702 .9777 A14 129.5333 351.1540 .7510 .9770 A15 129.3000 356.7000 .6468 .9775 A16 129.0667 354.9609 .7690 .9769 A17 129.1333 347.5678 .8505 .9765 A18 129.1333 350.7402 .8704 .9764 ~19 128.9333 367.1678 .5648 .9777 ~20 128.9333 361.0989 .7822 .9770 ~21 128.9667 357.5506 .8160 .9768 ~22 128.9667 354.5851 .8135 .9767 '123 128.8667 359.7057 .7919 .9769 '124 129.1667 354.9023 .8574 .9765 '125 128.8333 362.3506 .6035 .9776 '126 129.1333 347.7057 .9248 .9761 '127 129.1000 351.9552 .8065 .9767 i128 129.2000 351.0621 .8253 .9766 il29 129.2000 353.6138 .7829 .9768 i130 129.1000 347.6103 .9043 .9762 i131 129.1000 351.4724 .7835 .9768 i132 129.2000 347.9586 .8832 .9763 i133 129.1333 349.3609 .9167 .9762 -N of Cases= 30.0 N of Items = 33

Alpha= .9777



A1 A2 A3 A4 AS A6 B7 B8 C9 ClO C11 C12 C13 D14 D15 D16 E17 E18 F19 F20 G21 G22 G23 G24 H25 126 127 128 129 no J31 J32 K33 K34

Scale Mean

if Item Deleted

129.9667 129.7333 129.7000 129.9000 129.8333 129.7333 129.8667 129.7000 129.9333 130.1000 130.0000 129.7000 129.6000 130.4000 130.1000 130.1333 130.3000 130.0333 129.8667 129.8000 129.6667 129.4000 129.5333 129.4667 129.3333

129.1333 129.3333 129.4000 129.6667 129.7000 129.5000 129.5000 129.5000 129.4667

N of cases = 30.0

Alpha= .9644

0 d .:, fl1fl11ll L 'If <I lJU U. \J\Jatl\Jtnll

Scale Corrected Variance Item-if Item Total Deleted Correlation

186.0333 185.6506 186.3552 187.8172 189.1092 188.8230 187.3609 186.5621 184.4092 186.0241 186.4138 186.9759 186.5241 185.6276 184.8517 188.9471 185.1828 185.5506 185.9126 183.7517 187.3333 190.6621 189.7057 190.1195 191.4713

193.2920 192.3678 190.1793 185.7471 183.1828 188.4655 189.5000 188.4655 185.3609

.6937

.7298

.7176

.6831

.5724

.6000

.6613

.7049

.7398 .6640 .7246 .6795 .6781 .6255 .7296 .5460 .7227 .7018 .7509 .8584 .6266 .6374 .6309 .6311 .5336 .3708 .4032 .5800 .7928 .7756 .6130 .5479 .6130 .6637

Alpha if Item

Deleted

.%31

.9628

.%29

.9632

.%38

.9636

.9633

.9630

.9628 .9633 .9629 .9632 .9632 .9636 .%28 .9640 .9629 .9630 .9627 .9621 .9635 .9635 .9635 .9635 .%40

.9647

.9646

.9637

.9625

.9625

.9635

.%39 .9635 .9633

N of Items = 34

I 4 .:. ~ oJ

fl1fi'J1lJL'IftlllUU.\J\Jatl\JU1)J~'J)J'INQ\J\J Alpha = .9820

130



131

ประวัติผู้วิจัย ชื่อ – สกุล นางอภิรดี กลกิจ ที่อยู่ 9/78 หมู่ 1 ต าบลคูบัว อ าเภอเมืองราชบุรี จังหวัดราชบุรี

70000

ที่ท างาน โรงเรียนเทศบาล 2 (วัดช่องลม) ต าบลหนา้เมือง อ าเภอเมืองราชบุรี จังหวัดราชบุรี

ประวัติการศึกษา

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พ.ศ. 2535 ศึกษาศาสตรบัณฑิต วิชาเอกคีตศิลป์ไทย เกียรตินิยมอันดับ 2 สถาบันเทคโนโลยีราชมงคล

พ.ศ. 2554 ศึกษาศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต การบริหารการศึกษา มหาวิทยาลัยศิลปากร

ประวัติการท างาน พ.ศ. 2536-ปัจจุบัน ครู วิทยฐานะ ครูช านาญการพิเศษ โรงเรียนเทศบาล 2 (วัดช่องลม) เทศบาลเมืองราชบุรี จังหวัดราชบุรี



n1'iti5vm h1 u 1 milj01'ianmi'a~~uvf...n1'iti5vm 1~v h1 'i~ l~ej'ul...

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