naayakathwaya e-book ven m. pannarathana

8/7/2019 Naayakathwaya E-Book Ven M. Pannarathana

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/naayakathwaya-e-book-ven-m-pannarathana 1/185

1fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

kdhl;ajhfn!oa O uQ,O¾u



O¾ud[S2 kdhl;ajh

kdhl;ajh - fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

m%:u uqøKh ( Y% S nqoaO j¾I 2553jHjydr j¾I 2009

© uyñ;j m[a[dr;k ysñuydpd¾h fykr;a tÉ' ã' tka' mS' ´md;

ISBN 978-955-51523-2-7

mß.Kl wl=relrKh ( chkS YIsl,d w;a;kdhl

msgljr w,xlrKh ( nqoaëm r;akdhl

uqøKh ( rejkamyrej fkd' 14$10" m<fjks mgqu."

ms<sld frday, mdr" uyr.u'ÿr we'( 0112-840738

m%ldYkh ( ud.ë M Ā GADH Ī

Institute of Pali and Buddhist Studies md,s yd fn!oaO wOHhk wdh;kh

Y%S Ôjldrduh"ñßiaj;a;" mqjla msáh'ÿr we( 0718-401778" 0718-268693

www.magadhi.netE-mail: [email protected]



3fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

kdhl;ajhfn!oaO uQ,O¾u

uyñ;j m[a[dr;k ysñ

uydpd¾h fykr;a tÉ' ã' tka' mS ' ´md;



O¾ud[S4 kdhl;ajh

l;= jreka f.a fjk;a lD;s uyñ;j m[a [dr;k ys ñ

ud.ë Ydia;%Sh ix.%yh - 2006 ^Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYa júoHd,h&

O¾urdc - 2007 ^rc; chka;s Ydia;%Sh l,dmh&

ud.ë Ydia;%Sh ix.%yh îaj¾K chka;s úfYa I l,dmh& - 2009

^Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYa júoHd,h&

újrK - 2009 ^w;smQcH fldia j;af;a wßhúu, ysñmdKka úiska rÑ; O¾uYdia;%Sh ,sms iuqÉph&

úÿoh ñKs myk - 2009 ^yslalvqfõ Y% S iqux., kdys ñ ixCIs ma; pß;dmodkh&

.fKa.u irKxlr ysñhka úiska rÑ;

fidar; isß; - 2009

wNsudkj;a ;dreKHh - 2009 ^;reK wdl,am ixj¾Okhg nq ÿoyu&

md,s wOHhk úu¾Yk ,sms fn!oaO wOHhk úu¾Yk ,sms - 2009 ûqøKfha&

îïudk uydpd¾h" T,sj¾ wfíkdhl"md,syd fn!oaO wOHhk úu¾Yk ,s ms iuqÉph&

udkdjq¨ ixfoaY úuiqu - 2009 ûqøKfha&

iuh wOHhkh - 2009 ûqøKfha &



5fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

Publications: Textbooks, Cr eative and Scholar Books1. Management: Questions and Answers, 1990, Author Publication

prepared directly for Licentiate Examination Part II of CharteredAccountants of Sri Lanka.

2. Personnel Management: Part 1, 2003 ( rst published in 1995),Author Publication, a text book written in Sinhala Language (the

rst comprehensive book on the subject inSinhala medium).3. Personnel Management: Part 2, 2003 ( rst published in 1995),

Author Publication, a text book written in Sinhala Language (the

rst comprehensive book on the subject inSinhala

medium).4. Sri Lankan Critical Incidents in Industrial Relations, 2002, Author

Publication.5. Performance Evaluation of Human Resources, 2002, Author

Publication.6. Employee Discipline Management, 2002, Godage International

Publishers (pvt) Ltd., Wellampitiya, Sri Lanka; A scholar bookbased on a conceptual model of managing employee disciplineexplaining 34 principles.

7. Applications in Employee Performance Evaluation, 2003, AuthorPublication, Sri Lanka.

8. Human Resource Management: Interpretative and ExplanatoryPapers, Volume 1, 2003, Institute of Management and Science,Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.

9. Research Methods for Human Resource Management: Questions

and Answers, Part 1, 2003, Author Publication.10. Factors Contributing Labour-Management Relationship in Sri

Lanka: An empirical analysis manufacturing sector, PhD Thesis,UUM I Repository, Universiti Utara Malaysia.

11. Human Resource Management, 2009, author Publication,Department of Human Resource Management, University of SriJayewardenepura, Sri lanka (the rst Sri Lankan English Mediumtextbook on HRM having A4 size 1008 pages and 21 chapters).This book is being used by every state university in Sri Lanka.

Professor, Henarath H.D.N.P. Opatha



O¾ud[S6 kdhl;ajh



7fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

ms ÿu,dNdj;fu" iq,oaOx j;fu" hia i fu iF:d" tjx

uysoaêfld tjx uydkq Ndfjd;s'''''' hïn÷ udf.a Ydia ;Dkajyka fiafun÷ uy;a iDoaê we;s fiala o fun÷ uy;a wdkq Ndj we;s fia la o"

taldka ;fhka ,dNfhl" taldka ;fhka ug ukd ,eîfula h'''''''

^wx'ks' ;sl ksmd;h" wdkkao j.a.h" 10 fjks iQ;%h" 404 msgqj&



O¾ud[S8 kdhl;ajh



9fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

fï fmd; .ek jpkhla

kdhl;ajh jQ l,S udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh i|yd;a wdh;kixj¾Okh i|yd;a w;sYhskau jeo.;a jk l<ukdlrK ld¾hhls'fn!oaO o¾Ykh wkqj ienE kdhl;ajh hkq l=ulao@ kdhl;ajhms<sn| uQ,O¾u ljf¾o@ fuu m% Yak folg m%udKj;a ms<s;=re ,nd§ufuu .%ka:h rpkd lsÍfï wruqKhs'

yels;dla ir,j yd ksYaÑ;j wod< uQ,O¾u bÈßm;a lsÍugwms W;aidy lf<uq' fuys,d uQ,O¾u hkafkka woyia jkafka nqÿrcdKka jyka fia úis ka jod< O¾uhg Rcqju wh;a iy tu w;+ ,HO¾ufhka .uH jk uQ,O¾uhkah' fuys i|yka uQ,O¾u wkq.ukhlsÍfuka id¾:l ±yeñ kdhl;ajhla Tng cks;fldg mj;ajdf.khd yels jkq we;'

fuu .%ka:h ±kg kdhl;aj ;k;=re orK ljfrl=g jqjom%fhdackj;a fõ' wdh;k l<ukdlrejkag" wkd.; kdhlhka iyl<ukdlrejka ùug wfmaCId lrk ish¿u fokdg fuu .%ka:hb;d m%fhdackj;a jk nj wms ;rfha úYajdi lruq'

Tng f;rejka irKh s !



O¾ud[S10 kdhl;ajh



11fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

mgqk

msÿu 7

fï fmd; .ek jpkhla 9

01' kdhl;ajh 13

02' kdhl;ajh ms<sn| fn!oaO ixl,amh 17

03' O¾udkql+, mrud¾: 2604' ñksid ms<sn| hym;a wdl,amh 33

05' hym;a pß;h ( ioa.=Khka 42

06' ioa.=Khka 62

07' whym;a pß;h ( wioa.;s 77

08' fldamh l<ukdlrKh 9109' kdhl;aj .=Kdx. 108

10' kdhl;aj .=Kdx. iy hq;=lï 122

11' ;SrK .ekSu 130

12' ±yeñ rdcH kdhlhd 141

wdka;sl igyka 151wdY%s; .%ka: 184



13fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

01 mßÉfþoh

kdhl;ajh

kdhl;ajh hkqfjka woyia jkafka fmdÿ mrud¾:hla bgqlr.kq jia hï ksYaÑ; mqoa.,hl= úiska hï ksYaÑ; mqoa.,lKa vdhula fj; n,mEï lsÍfï ld¾hh hs ' n,mEï bÈßm;a lrka kd

kdhlhd jk w;r n,mEug ,lajk wh wkq.dñlhka fõ' hïmrud¾:hla fyda mrud¾: bgqlr .ekSu Wfoid wfkl=;a ñksiqkaf.a is;=ú,s" jpkh iy p¾hdj flfrys n,mEï lsÍfï yelshdjkdhl;ajh hkqfõ' lsishï msßila lsishï ksYaÑ; mrud¾:hla fj; ÈidNsuqL lsÍuhs' ksYaÑ; Èidj fj; kdhlhd kñka y÷kajkq,nk mqoa.,hd ish n,h Ndú; fldg wka wh fhduq lsÍu isÿlrhs' 1

kdhl;ajh i|yd my; i|yka wx. ;sìh hq;= nj ú.%yflf¾'

1' kdhlhdg wkq.dñlhka isáh hq;=h' wkq.dñlhka fkdue;sj flfkl=g kdhlhl= úh fkdyelsh' lsis÷ wkq dñlfhla

wfhl=g ke;akï Tyq fyda weh kdhlhl= fkdjkq we;'

2' wkq.dñlhkag jvd jeä n,hla kdhlhl=g ;sìh hq;=h'tfia fkdjqKfyd;a wkq.dñlhka kdhlhdj wkq.ukhfkdlrkq we;'



O¾ud[S14 kdhl;ajh

3' hï mrud¾:hla fyda mrud¾: kdhlhdf.a & bIa g lr .ekS ugwkq.dñlhka fj; úúO n,mEï kdhlhd úiska bgqlrkq

,eîu' kdhlhd W;aidy orKqfha kdhlhdf.a mrud¾:bgqlr.ekSughs' ta i|yd Tyq $ weh wkq.dñlhkagWmfoia §u" wK §u iy wdo¾Yu;a ùu lrhs'

4' kdhlhdg ms<s.ekSula (Acceptance) ;sìh hq;=h' kdhlhdwkq.dñlhka úiska Tjqka f.a kdhlhd jYfhka ms<s.; hq;=h'wkq.dñl ms<s.ekSu fkdue;s úg kdhl;ajh wid¾:l fõ'

5' kdhl;ajh udkj ld¾hhla ùu' kdhlhd hkq ukqIHfhls'wkq.dñlfhda ukqIHfhda fj;s' tfyhska mß.Kl weiqfrka fyda fjkhï hka ;%iQ;%wdOdrfhka kdhl;a jh cks ; fkdfõ' kdhl;a jhjQ l,S ukqIHhl= úiska cks; lrkq ,nk fohls' th cks; fldgTyq fyda weh úiskau j¾Okh fldg mj;ajd f.k hd hq;= fõ'

kdhl;ajh l=i,;djls ; úfYaI ksmqK;djls' mqoa.,hka f.!rj lrk iy wf.a fldg i,lk l=i,;djls' kdhl;ajhmqoa.,fhl= yg ckaufhkau muKla ,efnk l=i,;djla fkdfõ ; yeoEÍfuka iy mqyqKfjka o cks ; lr.; yels fohls ' udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh" .KldêlrKh" wd¾Ól úoHdj hkd§ úIhhka bf.k .kakd mßoafoka kdhl;ajh o bf.k .; yels fohls ; bf.k .; yels l= i,;djls' ñka woyia jkafka flfkl=g Wm;skaukdhl;a jh ms<sn| yels hdjla fkdue;s jqj o Tyq g fyda wehg id¾:lkdhlhl= ùug wjYH kï kdhl;ajh ms<sn| b.ekSfuka tfia úhyelsh'

kdhl;a jh jeo.;a jka fka ula ksido@ kdhl;a jh mqoa .,hl= "úfYaIfhka l<ukdlrejl= i;=úh hq;= b;d jeo.;a ksmqK;djls'ixúOdk id¾:l;a jh ;S rKh flfrk b;d jeo.;a idOlhla jYfhka kdhl;ajh ie,fla' we;fula olajk mßÈ wdh;k id¾:l;ajhi|yd jvd;au jeo.;a idOlh jkafka kdhl;ajhhs' kdhl;ajh

wdh;k ixj¾Okh i|yd (Institutional Development) jvd;au jeo.;a idOlh jqj o fkdjqj o th b;d jeo.;a idOlhla jYfhka fuys,d



15fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

i|yka l< hq;=h' udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh (Human ResourceDevelopment) i|yd;a iuia;hla jYfhka cd;sl ixj¾Okh(National Development) i|yd;a ksjerÈ kdhl;ajhla w;HjYH fõ'kdhl;ajh hkak fl;rï jeo.;a o lsjfyd;a th l<ukdlrKhúIh fCIa;%fha fnfyúkau m¾fhaIKhg ,la jQ ud;Dldjls'

hï lKavdhul id¾:l;ajh msKsi kdhlhl= úiska jeo.;a ld¾hNdrhla bgq lrkq ,efí' kdhlhl= úiska bgqlrkq ,nkld¾hhka w;r ;SrK .ekSu" ;SrK l%shd;aul lsÍu msKsi wK §u"ud¾.foaYl;ajh iemhSu" uQ,sl;ajh ±Íu" wdo¾Yu;a ùu hkdÈhi<ld n,k úg o kdhl;a;ajh b;d jeo.;a fohla jkq we;'

my; rEmfhka ksjerÈ kdhl;ajh mqoa., ixj¾Okh^kdhlhdf.a ixj¾Okh&" udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh ^wka whf.a ixj¾Okh&" wdh;k ixj¾Okh iy cd;sl ixj¾Okh i|yd bjy,a jk nj ksrEmkh flf¾'

kdhl;ajfha jeo.;alu yqjd olajk ;j;a jeo.;a lreKla

jkqfha th úúO ia;rj, mej;Suhs' kdhl;ajh Tnf.a ksjfiys"Tnf.a /lshd ia:dkfhys" Tnf.a .fï" Tnf.a k.rfha" iy rfgys

ksjerÈkdhl;ajh

mqoa., ixj¾Okh

wdh;k ixj¾Okh

cd;sl ixj¾Okh

udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh



O¾ud[S16 kdhl;ajh

hkd§ jYfhka úúO ia;rhkays olakg ,efí' Tn l=uk N+ñldjla ksfhdackh l< o kdhl;ajh hï Èkl Tn fj;g meñKsh yelsh'

Tn msfhl= fyda ufjl= jQ úg Tn orejkag kdhlhl= fõ' Tngifydaorhl= fyda ifydaoßhl= nd,& ,enqK úg Tyqg fyda wehg Tnkdhlfhl= úh yelsh'

tfiau kdhl;ajh úúO fCIa;% j, o olakg ,efí' wOHdmk"fi!LH" wdrCIl" foaYmd,k" wd.ñl hkd§ úúO fCIa;%j,kdhl;a jh mj;s hs' foA Ymd,k fCIa ;%h i<ld n,k úg m% dfoa YSh iNd"m<d;a iNd iy cd;s l jYfhka kdhlfhda isá;s ' ljr fyda fCIa ;%hll%shd;aul jk úYd, ixúOdkhl w.% l<ukdlrejka" uOHul<ukdlrejka iy m<uq fm< l<ukdlrejka jYfhka kdhlfhda isá;s' wOHdmk fCIa;%fhys mdi,l YsIH kdhl kdhsldjka".=rejreka ^.=rejrhd tla;rd isiq msßilg kdhlfhl= fõ&" wxYm%OdkSka " úÿy,a m;sjreka hkd§ md¾Ya j ;= < kdhl;a jh l% shd;a ul fõ; úh hq;=h' úYajúoHd,hl wxY m%OdkSka" mSGdêm;sjreka" Wml=,m;skdhlhka jYfhka ie,fla' úYajúoHd, wdpd¾hjrhl= úfYaIfhka

uydpd¾hjrhl= úiska o kdhl;ajh lsishï msßilg ,nd §ug isÿù we;' hï uydpd¾hjrhl= hï ksYaÑ; úIh fCIa;%hl cd;sljYfhka kdhl;aj N+ñldj bgqlrkjd úh yelsh'

Tn kdhlfhlao@ Tn fld;rï ÿrg id¾:l kdhlfhla o@fï i|yd Tn úiska iajhx we.hSula lrkak' my; ±lafjkafka Tnfld;rï ÿrg id¾:l kdhlfhla o hkak ±k .ekSug bjy,a lr.; yels ñkquls' ñkqfuys m%ldY 10 la we;s w;r Tn l< hq;af;a tla tla m%ldYhg fl;rï ÿrg tlÕ jkafkys o hkak ±laùuhs'



17fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

o¾Ylh 1 ( kdhl;ajfhys id¾:l;ajhwhs;uh fnfyúkau tlÕ uOHia :hs tlÕ fnfyúkau

tlÕ fjñ fjñ fkdfjñ tlÕfkdfõ

1' uu l;d lrk úg wka whb;d Wkkaÿfjka ijka

fokq we;'

2' uu b,a,Sula l< úgwkq.dñlfhda th bgq lr;s'

3' wkq.dñlfhda uf.ka Wmfoia " uÕ fmkaùïwfmaCId lr;s'

4' w¨;a jevlghq;=j, §wkq.dñlfhda uf.ka fkdwid l% shd lr;s'

5' wkq.dñlfhda uf.a wjjdo ms<s.ks;s'

6' uf.a ks fhda. $ wKwkq.dñlfhda fkdms<s.ks ;s'

7' uf.a p¾hdjka iy jpkwkq.dñlhka f.a m%Yxidjg,la fjhs'

8' wkq.dñlfhda udjwkqlrKh lr;s'

9' wkq.dñlfhda ug .re lr;s'

10'ug wjYH foa fkdj TjqkgwjYH foa wka wh úiska lrkq ,efí'

,l=Kq lsÍfuka miqj my; i|yka j.=j wdOdrfhka Tfí,l=Kq m%udKh ksYaph lrkak' miqj fok ,o w¾: ksrEmKh wkqj



O¾ud[S18 kdhl;ajh

Tnf.a kdhl;ajfha id¾:l;aj m%udKh ksYaph lrkak'whs;uh fnfyúkau tlÕ uOHia:hs tlÕ fnfyúka u

tlÕ fjñ fjñ fkdfjñ tlÕ fkdfõ

1' 5 4 3 2 12' 5 4 3 2 13' 5 4 3 2 14' 1 2 3 4 55' 5 4 3 2 16' 1 2 3 4 57' 5 4 3 2 18' 5 4 3 2 1

9' 5 4 3 2 110' 1 2 3 4 5

w¾: ksrEmKh ( ,l=Kq 10 - 18 } b;d wid¾:lhs18'1 - 26 } wid¾:lhs26'1 - 34 } uOHia:hs34'1 - 42 } id¾:lhs42'1 - 50 } b;d id¾:lhs

fuu .%ka:fha i|yka uQ,O¾u fn!oaO& wkq.ukh lsÍfuka Tng id¾:l kdhlfhl= úh yels nj wms ;rfha úYajdi lruq'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia fï f,dalhg my< jQ fY%aIaG;ukdhlfhls' nqÿyduqÿrefjda fuf;la f,dj my< jQ fY%aIaG;um%;sm;a;sh ^uOHu m%;smodj& fmka jQ kdhlhdfKdahs ^mKaä;.fKa.u irKxlr kdysñ" 2005" ms' 170&' nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a wkq.dñlfhda f,dj mqrd fjfi;s' wo f,dalfha fn!oaOhkaf.a ixLHdj mkia ,CIhlg jvd jeäh ^j,afmd, rdyq, ysñ" 1996" ms'xviii &'3 uydpd¾h j,afmd, Y%S rdyq, iajdóka jykafia úiska rÑ;nqÿka jod< O¾uh - What the Buddha Taught hk .%ka:fhys ±lafjkmßÈ m%:ufhkau fn!oaOhkaf.a ixLHdj ishfldaáhlg wdikak úhyelsh' tod fukau wo;a nqÿka jod< O¾uh fkdkeiS mj;shs' thlsisodl ñh fkdhkq we;' th wld,slhs ( iodld,slhs'

fn!oaO o¾Ykh wkqj ienE kdhl;ajhla hkq l=ulao@kdhl;a jh ms<sn| fn!oa O uQ,O¾u ljf¾o@ fuu .% ka :fhka wfma CIdlrkqfha Wla; m%Yak folg ms<s;=re ,nd§ughs' wmf.a m%h;akhie,lsh hq;= f,i m%udKj;a fõ hhs wms úYajdi lruq'



19fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

02 mßÉfþoh

kdhl;ajh ms<sn| fn!oaOixl,amh

;ud iifrka t;r ù wka wh o fï iifrka t;r lrùumsKsi uyd n,mEula bÈßm;a lrñka úYañ; kdhl;ajhla wmf.a nqÿrcdKkajykafia f,djg bÈßm;a l< fial' 1 nqÿrcdKkajykafia w;s úYd, msßilg mrudo¾YS kdhlfhla jQy' ish¿ crd urK wdÈf-hka ;udu Èkd wka wh o thska Èkùu i|yd w;+,H O¾uhla foaYkdlrñka wúÉPskak ^È.ska È.gu mj;akd& kdhl;ajhla Wkajykafia ,nd ÿkay'

nqÿrcdKkajykafiaf.a fndai;a pß;h u.ska o jir 45 la

O¾uh foaYkd lrñka .; l< nqÿrcqkaf.a Ôú;h u.ska o wmgid¾:l kdhlhl= ùu i|yd úúO mdvï bf.k .; yelsh' mdvïhkafkka fuys,d woyia lrkqfha uQ,O¾uhkah' uQ,O¾uhla (A Principle) hkq m%;sm;a;shls(A Policy)' tkï" ms<smeÈh hq;=" wkq.ukh l< hq ;= iy uQ,sl lr .; hq ;=úksYa phls ' ke;fyd;a ;SrKhls 'fuys§ fn!oaO uQ,O¾u hkafkka woyia jkafka nqÿrcdKkajykafia Rcqju jod< O¾uhg wh;a jk iy tu w;+,H O¾uhg wod< jk

ke;fyd;a thska .uHjk uQ,O¾uhkah' fn!oaO o¾Ykhg wkqjienE kdhl;ajhla i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= O¾u;d ljf¾ o hkak



O¾ud[S20 kdhl;ajh

fláfhka ú.%y lsÍu fuu mßÉfþofha wruqKhs' uQ,O¾u oyhla

^10& Tn fj; bÈßm;a flf¾'uQ,O¾uh - 1 ( kdhlhd úiska bgqlr .ekSug m%h;ak orK

mrud¾:h O¾udkql+, úh hq;=hs'kdhlfhla lghq;= lrkqfha wksjd¾hfhkau lsishï

mrud¾:hla Wfoidh' mrud¾:h hkq wkd.;fha § bgqlr .ekSugm%h;ak orK b,lalh ke;fyd;a wfmaCIdjhs' mrud¾:h (Goal)

ñksia hym; i|yd wksjd¾hfhkau bjy,a úh hq;=hs' ysxidldÍ"wdh;k úkdY lrk" i;=ka úkdY lrk yd iajNdjO¾uhd úkdYlrk b,lalhla we;slr .ekSu fn!oaO kdhl;ajhg mgyeksfõ'

uQ,O¾uh - 2 ( ñksid ms<sn| hym;a wdl,a mhla cks ; lr .;hq;=h'

flfkl=g kdhl;ajh ,efnkqfha wkq.dó msßila wef;d;a

muKs' tfiau wkq.dó msßi ;ud kdhlhd nj ms<s.; hq;=h' fïi|yd hym;a wdl,amhla ^msßi ms<sn|& kdhlhd ;=< ;sìh hq;=h'wkq.dñlfhda ukqIHfhda fj;s ' f,dj fY% a Ia G;u i;a ;a jhd ñksid fõ'nqoaO;ajh ,en .; yelafla ukqIHhl= úiska muKla nj;a nqÿjrhl=ùfï Yla;sh iEu ukqIHhl= i;=j we;s nj;a i|yka fõ ^uydpd¾hY%S rdyq, ysñ" 1997" ms' 1&' kdhl;ajh úiska n,mEï lrkq ,nk msßi;sßikqka fkdj úúO is;=ï me;=ï we;s yeÕSï we;s ñksiqka msßila

nj is;ays ;nd .ekSu jáfkah' hym;a wdl,amh" hym;a p¾hdjgfya;=jkq we;'

uQ,O¾uh - 3 ( id¾:l kdhlhl= ùu i|yd hym;a pß;hla cks; lr .; hq;=h'

b;d hym;a pß;h hkq iodpdrd;aul úYsIag;djhs' mkais,a rlsk wjxl mqoa.,hl= úh hq;=hs' 2 wjxlNdjh hkq i;Hjd§ ùuhs'i;Hhg .re l< hq ;= w;r i;Hu m%ldY l< hq;= h' 3 ielh" ;Kaydj"fldamh" ffjrh" m<s .ekSu" idm lsÍu" wêl ldu wdYdj hkd§



21fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

ÿIa.=Khkaf.ka f;dr jQ bjiSfuka b;d fmdfydi;a jQ ksy;udkS

mqoa.,hl= ùu id¾:l kdhlhl= i|yd w;HjYH fõ'4

uQ,O¾uh - 4 ( my; i|yka .=Kdx. by< m%udKhlska kd-

hlhd úiska j¾Okh lr.; hq;=hs'kdhl;ajh hk mofhys bx.%Sis jpkh jkqfha 'Leadership'

hkakhs' fn!oaO o¾Ykhg wkqj fuu mofha wl=re úYaf,aIKhlsÍfuka .=Kdx. oyhla i|yka l< yelsh'

L } Liberal - ;Hd.jka;wkq.dñlhka yg úúO ;Hd. ,nd§ug we;s leue;a; iy tfia fkduiqrej ;sfnk foa iemhSu'

E } Equal - idOdrK

wkq.dñlhka yg idOdrKj ie,lSu"iudkwjia:djka iy iudk jrm%ido §u" ia;%SmqreI fomd¾Yajhgu iu ;ekla §uhkdÈh'

A } Active - il%Shw,i fkdù läirj ù¾hfhka lghq ;=lsÍu"l=iS;j kslrefKa ld,h .; fkdlsÍu' 5

D } Dependable - úYajdiodhSúYajdih ;eìh yels ùu" 6 h:djd§ ;:dldÍùu ^m%ldY l< foa lsÍu iy lrk foa m%ldY lsÍu&'7

E } Educated - W.;a ish j.lSï ms<sn| ukd yelshdjla ;sîu"wod< j.lSï ms<sn| ±k W.;aùu'



O¾ud[S22 kdhl;ajh

R } Ready wit - ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{djwjia:djg WÑ; ksje/È ;SrKhka .ekSu

fyda yeisÍu' S } Self discipline - iajhx úkh

;uka úiska is;" lh iy jpkh ixjr lr.ekSu" m%;sm;a;s iy Í;s ms<s.ksñka iytajdg .re lrñka tajd wkq.ukh lsÍu' 8

H } Humanly - udkqIslj

ñksialug .re lrñka ukqIH ohdfjka lghq ;= lsÍu" lreKdfjka iy wkq lïmdfjka

wkq.dñlhkag ie,lSu' 9

I } Intelligent - nqoaêu;a ls<sá yeÕSïj,ska f;dr u< fkdne÷KqkqjKla ;sîu" hï .eg¨jlg tla me;a;la

fkdj wod< me;s ish,a,u ±l i;=gqodhlúi÷ula lrd meñKSu" nqÿrcdKka jykafia tal fya;=jd§ fkdù kdkd fya;= kdkdM,jd§ jQy' 10

P } Pleasant - m%shYS,sm%shjd§ njla ;sîu" m% sh jpkh Ndú;fhka 11

ish wkq.dñlhka ÈidNsuqL ^kshñ; Èidjgfhduq& lsÍu'

uQ,O¾uh - 5 ( my; i|yka ld¾hhka bgq lsÍu'

1' wdo¾Yfhka kdhl;ajh §u'

nqÿkajykafiaf.a ish¨u wjjdo wkqYdikd ish,a,gu m<uqj

f,dalhd fj; ,enqfKa meyeÈ,s jQ wdo¾Yh hs' ;ud fj; ;sfnkakdjQ ;uka msysáhd jQ foa ms<sn| wjjdo §u'



23fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

2' wkq.dñlfhda WfoHda.su;a njg m;a lsÍu'

;u Y%djl Y%dúldjkaf.a lsishï hym;a jQ yeisÍula isÿ jQúg zzidOqZZ kdo mj;ajñka nqÿrcdKkajykafia úiska ;u Y%djlmsßi WfoHda.su;a njg m;a l< wjia:d ms<sn|j ksr;=reju ;%smsgl.%ka :j, i|yka fõ rdclS h mKa ä; krudfka nqoa Orla Å; ys ñ" 2002"ms' 17&'12

3' wkq.dñlhkag WmldÍ ùu'

4' udkislj o~qjï lsÍu'ldhsl jYfhka o~qjï mekùula fkdlsÍu" l:d fkdlsÍu"

bj;aj hEu" jrolre ms<sn| is;=ú,a, is;ska bj;a lsÍu hkdÈfhka o~qjï §u' 13

5' m%isoaêfha w.h lsÍu'

Wiia .=K we;s wkq.dñlhka y÷kdf.k Tjqkaf.a úfYaI .=Khka uy;a fia wka wh bÈßfha w.h lsÍu nqÿrcdKkajykafia bgql<fial' 14

6' wkq.dñlhka wdrCId lsÍu'

7' iqÿiaidg iqÿiq ;ek §u' 15

uQ,O¾uh - 6 ( md,k l%uh ÈhqKq jkq msKsinqÿrcdKkajykafia úiska foaYkd lrk ,ordcO¾u i; wkq.ukh lsÍu'

§> ks ldfha uydmßksíndK iq;%hg wkqj jÊÔka g foiQ ima ;wmßydkSh O¾u16 kï jQ rdcO¾u i; meyeÈ,sj i|yka fõ' tajdmy; ±lafõ ^fldiaj;af;a wßhúu, ysñ" 1996" msms' 438-439&'

1' md,kh ms<sn| .eg¨ yd l%shdud¾. .ek ks;r /ia ùidlÉPd lsÍu'



O¾ud[S24 kdhl;ajh

2' iu.sfhka /ia ù iu.sfhka úisr hEu yd t<ö ks.uk^;SrK& iu.sfhka hq;=j l%shd;aul lsÍu'

3' fkdt<ô ks.uk ^;SrK& l%shd;aul fkdlsÍu yd t<öks.uk l%shd;aul lsÍu'

4' jeäysá u;hg" iudcfha mej; wd iïm%odhg .re lsÍu'

5' ia;%Ska l=, l=ußhka nf,ka weo mqreI jiÕfhysfkdmeje;aùu'

6' iudcfha mQckSh;ajhg md;% jQ ia:dk flfrys f.!rj

iys; ùu'7' wdOHd;añl jYfhka ÈhqKq W;=ukag /ljrKh ie,iSu'

idlÉPd fldg ;S rK .; hq ;=nj;a " iu.s fhka /ia ù idlÉPdl< hq;= nj;a tfiau .;a ;SrK iu.sfhka hq;=j l%shd;aul l< hq;=nj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l<y' fkd.;a ;SrK l%shd;aullsÍu isÿ fkdl< hq;=h' 17

uQ,O¾uh - 7 ( ueÈy;a nj fyj;a ueÿï ms<sfj; wkq.ukhl< hq;=h'

w;a ;ls ,u:dkq fhda .h iy lduiq L,a ,sldkqfhda .h 18 hk wka ;foflkau ñÈh hq;=h' fuu wka;jdohka wk¾:ldÍ fõ' tfyhska ueÿï ms<sfj;u wkq.ukh lsÍu WÑ;h' Ñka;kfhka ^is;=ú,s&fukau prKfhka ^l%shdjka& o uOHia:ùu WÑ;h' f;dr f;daxÑhla

fkdue;sj wiSñ; bgqlr .; fkdyels b,lal lrd fkdhd hq;=h'19

tfiau lsisÿ b,lalhla fkdue;sj ksYaM,foa o fkdl< hq;=h' jvd;d;a;aúl" bgqlr .; yels m%udKj;a b,lal lrd fufyhùuWÑ;h'

uQ,O¾uh - 8 ( hï .eg¨jla iïnkaO m%udKj;a wjfndaOh;udg fkdue;s kï ta iïnkaO ksmqKhkaf.

ka wjjdo wkqYdikd ,nd .ekSu'20

úpdr ±k l%shd lsÍu pl%j¾;S rdcH ixl,amhg wh;a



25fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

m%;sm;a;shls'21 wd;au oukfhys kshqla; uyK nuqKka fj; jßkajrf.dia l< hq;a;" fkdl< hq;a; úpdr ±k l%shd l< hq;=h' §>ksld-

fha NsCIQkag ima; wmßydks plalj;a;s iQ;%hg22

wkqj hï .eg¨jla úi£u ms<sn| m%udKj;a wjfndaOhla kdhlhdyg fkdue;s kï ta iïnkaO úfYaI{;dj we;s md¾Yajhlf.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSuWÑ;h'uQ,O¾uh - 9 ( l< l%shd wkqj m%;sM, cks; jk nj olajñka

23 ish lKavdhu kdhlhd úiska fufyh úhhq;=h'

hym;a foa lsÍfuka hym;la we;sjk nj;a" 24 whym;a l%shd lsÍfuka whym;la we;s jk nj;a iy ;u l%shdfõ j.lSu;ud miqmi meñK ;ud iq.;shg fyda ÿ.;shg fhduq lrk nj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< fial' nqoaO O¾ufha l¾ujdoh Wmfhda.Slrf.k kdhl;ajh Èh hq;=h' l¾ujdoh kï fya;=M, jdohhs' ls%hd- m%;sl%shd jdohhs' fyd| l%shdjlska fyd| úmdlhla o ^m%;sM,hla&krl l%shdjlska krl úmdlhla o we;s fõ' iEu M,hlgu fya;=jla we;' 25

uQ,O¾u - 10 ( lKa vdhu fufyhjñka wd¾Ól ÈhqKqj muKla fkdj wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqjo ,nd.; hq;=h' 26

wd¾Ól Wka k;shg kdhlhd wkqn, Èh hq;=h' tfiau Od¾ñlwdOHd;añl27 pß;fhka hq;= ;Dma;su;a iduldó idudðlhkaf.ka iukaú; lKavdhula ìys lsÍug kdhlhd fjfiiskau lghq;=l< hq;=h'



O¾ud[S26 kdhl;ajh

03 mßÉfþoh

O¾udkql+, mrud¾:

mrud¾:hla hkq wkd.;fha § bgqlr .ekSug wfmaCId lrkb,lalhls' mrud¾: bgqlr .ekSu i|yd m%h;ak orkq ,efí' iEukdhlhl= gu hï ks Ya Ñ; mrud¾:hla fyda mrud¾: ;s ìh hq;=h' fuumrud¾:h hï ksYaÑ; NdKavhla cks; lsÍu úh yelsh' ke;fyd;a hï ksYaÑ; fiajdjla ^ksoiqkla jYfhka Wiia wOHdmkh ie,iSu"f,v frda. úksYaph fldg iqj lsÍu" wdrCIdj ie,iSu" m%jdykmyiqlï ie,iSu hkdÈh& úh yelsh' wod< mrud¾:h id¾:ljbgqlr .ekSu ms Ksi kdhlhd úiska ish wkq .dñl ms ßi fj; n,mEïbÈßm;a l< hq;=h" ÈidNsuqL fldg fufyh úh hq;=h'

nqÿoyug wkqj kdhlfhla úiska uqÿka m;alr .ekSug orK

mrud¾:h O¾udkql+, úh hq;= fõ'1

tkï nqÿka jod< O¾uhg wkq l+,úh hq;=h'2 j¾;udkfha § olakg ,efnk ish¨u ixúOdkj,g hïOkhla bmhSug isÿ ù we;' Okh bmhSu jHdmdr ixúOdkhlgw;HjYH ù ;sfí' Okh Wmhkq ,nkqfha ixúOdkhl whs;slrejka fukau fiajdodhlhkao .kqfokqlrejkao iy wuqøjH jeks fhojqïimhk iemhq ïlrejka o ;Dma ;su;a lsÍu msKsih' wdh;khl wLKavmeje;au i|yd ixúOdkhlg Rcqju wod< jk whs;slrefjda" fia-

jdodhlfhda" iemhqïlrefjda iy .kqfokqlrefjda ;Dma;su;aNdjhgm;a úh hq;=h' ta i|yd iEu ixúOdkhlgu hï idOdrK bmhqula



27fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

^fh¥ m%d.aOkhg idOdrK ,dNhla fyda w;sßla;hla& cks; lsÍugisÿ ù we;' ,dN bmhSfï mrud¾:fhka msysgqjd we;s ixúOdkhlg

idOdrK ,dNhla cks; lsÍu w;HjYH ù we;'nqÿka jod< O¾uhg wkq j ljr Okh bmhS ula Od¾ñl jka fka

o@ Okh bmhSu l< hq;af;a fn!oaO iodpdrd;aul uQ,O¾u jkmkais,a iq/lsk whqßks' mkais,a lefvk whqßka Okh ksIamdokhlsÍu O¾udkql+, fkdfõ' jKsÊcd iQ;%hg wkqj 3

1' i;=ka úlsKSu

2' wdhqO úlsKSu3' uia úlsKSu4' u;aøjH úlsKSu iy5' úi úls KSu isÿ fkdl< hq ;=h' wd¾hh wIa gdx.sl ud¾.fha

iïud wdÔj hym;a Èú fmfj;& 4 fuys,d wod< fõ' uia ms Ksi i;= ka we;slsÍu" uia i|yd i;= ka úls KSu" urKSh wdhqO fjf<|du" u;a meka

u;aøjH fjf<|du" úI fjf<|du hkd§ wkqkaf.a úm;g fya;=jk/lshdj, fkdfh§u;a" wkqkg ysxid msKsi fkdjk" ±yeñ ls<sáfkdue;s /lshdjl fhÈh hq;= nj;a iïud wdÔj hkafkys woyihs'by; olajk ,o tla fCIa;%hl § fyda iïnkaê; ixúOdkhl fyda lKavdhul Tn úiska kdhl;ajh orKq ,eîu O¾udkql+, fkdfõ'bka woyia jka fka tn÷ fCIa ;%hl Tn kdhl;a jh fkd±ßh hq ;=njhs '

nqÿka jod< O¾uhg wkqj ljr fyda kdhl;aj /lshdjla ^l<ukdlrK /lshdjla& lsÍu fhda.H fkdfõ' Tn úiska lrkq,nk kdhl;aj /lshdj"

1' Ôú; ^ñksia iy wfkl=;a Ôú;j,g& ydks fkdmuqKqjk"2' foam< Ndú; whs;sh meyer fkd.kakd"3' ish mjq,a Ôú;h úkdYhg m;a fkdlrk"

4' uqidjdofhka f;dr jQ iy5' u;a meka " u;a øjHj,g iïnka O fkdjk /ls hdjla úh

hq;=h'5



O¾ud[S28 kdhl;ajh

fï wdldrfhka u kdhl;a j mrud¾: ñks id iy wka i;= ka f.a Ôú;j,g ydks fkdmuqKqjk" foam< Ndú;h whs;sh meyer fkd.

kakd" ish mjq,a Ôú;h úkdYhg m;a fkdlrk" uqidjdofhka f;drjQ iy u;ameka u;aøjHj,g iïnkaO fkdjQ tajd úh hq;=h' wd¾hhwIagdx.sl ud¾.fha iïud lïuka;h 6 fyj;a hym;a jev hkm%;sm;a;sh fuys,d wod< fõ'

wïn,ÜÀl rdyq f,da jdo7 iQ;%hg wkqj Tnf.a l%shdj Tng ÿla msKsio" wkqkag ÿla msKsio Tng;a wkqkag;a ÿla msKsi o fõ kïth wl=i,hla jk w;r ta ksid ÿla úmdl ,efnk fyhska fkdl<hq;=h' fï wkqj kdhl;aj mrud¾:h"

^w& Tng ÿla msKsi fkdúh hq;=h'

^wd& wka whg ÿla msKsi fkdúh hq;=h'

^we& Tng;a wka whg;a ÿla msKsi fkdúh hq;=h'

kdhlhl=f.a mrud¾:h uekúka ms<s.; yels whqßka m%ldYfldg fyda ,s hd ;sìh yelsh' mrud¾: m% ldYkh O¾udkql+,j i|yka lr ;sìh yelsh' tfy;a ieneúkau isÿ lrkafka O¾udkql+, fohla fkdùug mq¿jk' ksoiqkla jYfhka hï wdh;k kdhlhl=f.a mrud¾:h jkafka lsishï m%foaYhl uyck ÈhqKqj i|yd wjYH jkwm¾jHQyuh myiqlï ^uydud¾." ÿrl:k hkd§ há;, myiqlï&ie,iSuhs' ta i|yd úfoaYSh rgj,ska wdOdr ,nd .efka' fuumrud¾:h uqjdfjka lsishï ;%ia;jd§ lKavdhulg wdhqO ,nd§u

i|yd kdhlhd Wmldr lrhs kï tu l%shdj jxpdjls' tfiau ñk- siqka kik foam, úkdY lrk ;%ia;hkag Woõ§uls' fuh n,j;a

wl=Y,hls'

oi mqKHl%shd ms<sn|j kdhl;aj mrud¾: we;slr .; yelsh'Wi mqKHl%shd hkq msk ,nd.ekSug fya;=jk hym;a l%shdldrlïh'oY mqKH l%shd my; ±lafõ'8

1' odkhmQcd jYfhka fyda wkq.%y jYfhka ;udg wh;a jia;=jla

fyda jia;= fyda wdydrmdk" we÷ï me<÷ï hkdÈh mß;Hd. lsÍu



29fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

odkh kï fõ' uiqrelfuka ñ§ mqoa.,hka wka whg ^W;=ukag iywka whg& odkh fokq we;'

2' iS,h hg;a msßfika mxp iS,h wdrCId lsÍu ke;fyd;a msysgdlghq;= lsÍu iS,h kï fõ' m[apYS,h" wIagdx. YS,h iy oY YS,hkï m%Odk YS, j¾. ;=kls' fï ms<sn| miq mßÉfþohl i|yka fõ'

3' Ndjkdj

ks¾udK l=i,;dj jeãug l%shd lsÍu Ndjkdj kï fõ'hym;a is;=ú,s fufkys lsÍfuka is; ÈhqKqlr .ekS u 9 fuys ,d is ÿfõ'Ndjkdj uQ,sl jYfhka fojeoEreï fõ' tkï iu: Ndjkdj iudêhÈhqKq lsÍu& iy úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj ^m%{dj ÈhqKq lsÍu& hs'10

4' m;a;s odkh m;a;s odkh hkq mska §uhs' m%dma;sodk kñkao ye¢kafõ' fuumqKH l%shdfjka woyia jkafka hul= úiska lrk ,o msk wkqkagwhs;s lsÍu fyj;a wkqkag wkqfudaoka lrùuhs' u< .sh {d;Skag"foúhkag iy il, i;a;ajhkag mska§u l< yelsh'

5' m;a;dkqfudaokdm;a;dkqfudaokd hkq mska wkqfudaoka ùuhs' mska wkqfudaoka

ùu hka fkka woyia jkafka hul= wkqfuda oka lrjk msk ke;fyd;a hul= fok msk i;=áka ;jll= úiska ms<s.ekSu isÿ lrkq ,eîuhs'

odkh ksid th fok mqoa.,hdg mqKH ,dNhla ,efí' th ,nkmqoa.,hdg m%;s.%dylhdg& o ,dNhla ,efí' 11 fï fomd¾Yajh ms<sn|jB¾IHdj fkdue;s j fomd¾Ya jh mska isÿ lr f.k yd ,ndf.k iq jm;a fõjd hehs hful= m;hs kï tu ;eke;a;dg mska wkqfudaoka ùfïmsk ,efí'

6' fjhHdjÉp nqoaOd§ r;a k;%hg" udmshkag" .=rejrekag" jeäys áhkag" frda.

Ska g" wd.ka;=lhskg iy wkH iqÿiaika g .re l< hq;=& j;djla ls ÍufjhHdjÉp mqKH l%shdjhs' mkai,a mú;% lsÍu" w¿;a jeähd lsÍu"



O¾ud[S30 kdhl;ajh

uxudj;a kv;a;=j" .=re fo.=rekg j;djla lsÍu hkdÈh fuhgwe;=<;a fõ'

7' wmpdhkh wmpdhkh hka fkka woyia jka fka .re l< hq ;=md¾Ya jhka giy foaj,g f.!rjh lsÍuhs' .re l< hq;af;da hkakg ;%súO r;akh"foudmsfhda " .=rejre" jeäuy,a f,da iy .=Kjka;fhda wh;a fõ' is;ska ^.=K fufkys lsÍfuka &" jpkfhka ^.=K lS fuka iy $ fyda ,sùfuka &iy lhska jkaokd lsÍfuka" ke.sàfuka" wdik iemhSfuka hkd§&.re lsÍu l< yelsh'

8' iq;s iq;s hkq nqoaO O¾uh Y%jKh lsÍu fyj;a O¾uhg ijka §uhs' úrd.h i|yd ñi rd.h i|yd fkdjQ ;:d.;hdKka jykafiaf.a iqmßY=oaO O¾uh b;d f.!rjfhka Y%jKh l< hq;=ùufuu mqKH l%shdfjka woyia fõ' hym;a mqoa.,hl=ùu i|yd O¾uhY%jKh w;HjYH fõ'

9' foaYkd nqÿka jod< iqmßY=oaO O¾uh f,dal i;a;ajhdg iqj msKsifoaYkd lsÍu iy foaYkd lsÍug myiqlï ie,iSu fuu mqKHl%shdfjka woyia fõ' wikakka ;=< wjfndaOh cks; jk whqßka O¾uh foaYkd l< hq;= fõ' ,dNhla fyda m%Yxidjla wfma CId fkdlrfuu mqKH l%shdj isÿl< hq;=h'

10' ÈÜÀÊcqlïu ñka woyia jkafka iuH.a oDIaáh cks; lr .ekSu iy cks;lr .;a iuH.a oDIaáh msßisÿ lr .ekSu;ah' ksjka ms<sfj; wer-fUk mßÈ ;u oDIaáh cks; fldg" th meyeÈ,s lr f.k ;yjqrelr .ekSu woyia fõ' iuH.a oDIaáh hkq mska mõ we;s nj;a" mska mõj, úmdl we;s nj;a" mqkremam;a;shla we;s nj;a iy ÿ.;sh fyda iq.;sh we;s lr.kq ,nkafka i;a;ajhd úiskau lrkq ,nk l¾uwkqj nj;a ms<sn| u;hhs'



31fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

by; i|yka oi mqKH l% shd iïnka Ofhka Tng kdhl;a jhla ±ßh yelsh' tn÷ kdhl;ajhlska woyia jkafka by; tla l%shdjlg

fyda l%shd lsysmhlg fyda l%shd ish,a,gu fyda iïnkaOj lsishïlKavdhula we;s lsÍu iy fufyhùuhs' tn÷ kdhl;ajhla wksjd¾hfhka u O¾udkql+, fõ' kdhlhdf.a mrud¾: by; l% shdj,gwh;a kï tu mrud¾: ms ka f.k fok" f,dal i;a ;a jhdf.a iqj msKsibjy,a jk b,lal fõ'

wd¾hh wIagdx.sl ud¾.fha ^ÿlaL ksfrdaO .dñKS mámod&fojk m%;sm;a;sh jkqfha iïud ixlmamh s' tkï ksjerÈ l,amkdjhs'ksjerÈ l,amkdj hkq l=ulao@ lduhkaf.ka ñ§ug is;a fhduq lsÍu"jHdmdo fyj;a kmqre is;ska ñ§ug is;a fhduq lsÍu iy ysxidldÍnúka je<lS ug is ;a fhduqlsÍu ukd ixl,a mkd hhs ye¢ka fõ' ks jerÈ^ukd" hym;a& l,amkdjl ,CIK ;=kla we;' tkï (

1' lduql l,amkdjla fkdùu' wiSñ;j mialï iem ú£fuka wE;a ùfï l,amkdj'

2' fl%daO iy.; l,amkdj la fkdùu' wkqka keiSfïke;fyd;a jekfiajd hk ffjr iy.; woyiska fkdù ffu;%Siy.; l,amkdj'

3' ysxid iy.; l,amkdjla fkdùu' lsisjl= ;,d fm,d mSvdlsÍfï woyiska f;drùu ke;fyd;a wúysxidùfï l,amkdj'

fn!oaO kdhlhl=f.a mrud¾:h by; ksjerÈ l,amkdj u;mokï úh hq;=h' kdhl;aj mrud¾:h ;=< by; i|yka ,CIK 3;sìh hq;=h' ke;fyd;a kdhlhdf.a mrud¾:h fyda mrud¾: by;lreKq ^,CIK& 3g mriamr úfrdaë fkdúh hq;=hs'

wd;aud¾:ldó;ajh u; mokï jQ foaYmd,kSlrKhla j¾;udk iudch ;=< olakg ,efí' fndfyda kdhlfhda wfhda.Hf,i foaYmd,kSlrKhg ,la ù we;' foaYmd,kSlrKhg ,la jQ

wdh;k kdhlhl= fndfyda úg O¾udkql+, mrud¾: u; lghq;=fkdlrhs' kdhlhd ^fndfyda úg rdcH wdh;kj, hï ksYaÑ;



O¾ud[S32 kdhl;ajh

ld,hlg - wjqreÿ ;=klg m;ajk& rfÜ foaYmd,k kdhlhl=gfyda mCIhlg wdOdr lrhs' tfia lrkqfha ish OQr ld,h §¾> lr

.ekSu" fjk;a wdh;khl kdhl;aj ;k;=rla ±Íu" ish tÈßjd§mqoa.,hka f.ka m,s .ekSu" Okh /ia ls Íu hkd§ mrud¾: ;DIa Kdj"fl%daOh" Nh hkdÈh u; mokï jQ& bgq lr .ekSu msKsihs' fujekskdhlhl= ál l,lska nyq;rhlf.a wm%idohg yd úfrdaOhg m;a fõ' fndfyda úg fujeks kdhlhl=g ish OQrld,h wjidkùugm%:u tlaflda b,a,d wiaùug ke;fyd;a OQrfhka fkrmkq ,eîugisÿjkq we;' ksYaÑ; jYfhka wid¾:l kdhlhl= jkq we;'

lsishï úYaj úoHd,hl tla;rd foaYmd,k mCIhlgiïnkaOj m%:u Wmdê wfmaCIlhka úYd, ixLHdjla ^nyq;rhla& iïnkaO ù isák ;;a;ajhla olakg ,efí'hï foaYmd,k kdhlhl= fï ;;a;ajh fjkia lsÍfï

mrud¾:h we;=j hï Wmdê wfmaCIl lKavdhula ^l=vd&fufyhjhs' fufyhùfï m%;sM,hla jYfhka ndOd lsÍï"myr§ï" úfõpkh lsÍï" fmdaiag¾ uv .eiSï hkdÈhlrk fldg f.k& fomsßi w;r úYd, .egqula we;s ùudi lsysmhlg úYajúoHd,h jid ±óug isÿ fõ' WmdêwfmaCIlhka lsysm fofkl= g nrm;, f,i YdÍßl ;= jd,isÿ ù frday,a .; lsÍug isÿ fõ'

Wla; kdhlhdf.a mrud¾:h O¾udkql+, o@ ieneúkauke;'



33fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

04 mßÉfþoh

ñksid ms<sn| hym;awdl,amh

kdhlhd jQ l,S ñksfils ' wkq.dñlhka o ñks iqka fõ' id¾:lkdhl;ajhla i|yd ñksid ms<sn| ksjerÈ wjfndaOhla kdhlhdg;sîu w;HdjYH fõ' ñksid hkq ljfrlao@ fuh jeo.;a od¾Ykslm%Yakhls' fmrÈ. fyda wmrÈ. fyda fõjd iEu YsIagdpdrhlau ÈhqKqjQfha ñksid ms<sn|j lrk ,o m¾fhaIKj, m%;sM,hla jYfhks'

wm ieu Ôj;a jkafka iudchla ;=<h' iudchla hkqmqoa.,hka msßilf.a tl;=jls' mqoa.,hkaf.ka f;drj iudchla mej;sh fkdyelsh' ta whqßkau iudchla o mqoa.,hkaf.ka f;drj

mej;sh fkdyelsh' tlu ldishl fome;a;la jYfhka mqoa.,hd ydiudch ye¢kafõ' iEu mqoa.,fhlau Ôj;a jkqfha iudch ;=< jkw;r iudch mqoa.,hkaf.ka ieÿï ,oaols'

Ôj úoHd;aulj iEu mqoa.,fhlau iudkh' ish¨ udkjhka ñksia hk tlu l=,hlg wka;¾.; jk njo j¾. m%fNao ÿßkauÿre l< hq;= njo nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska foaYkd lrk ,§' iqÿiy l¨ jYfhka ñksiqkaf.a j¾K folla olakg ,efí' tfiauzz;,t<¨ZZ jYfhka o j¾Khla fndfyda úg wdishd;sl ol= Kq& ola kg,efí' tfy;a ñksidf.a wNHka;r l%shdldß;ajh wkqj úfYaIfhka



O¾ud[S34 kdhl;ajh

YdÍßlj& ish¿u ñks iqka iudk fõ' iEu ñksfil=gu Ôj;aùu i|ydwdydr wjYHh h' 1 tfia u c,h wjYH fõ' YÍrh ms ßisÿ ls Íï ieugu

lsÍug isÿ ù we;'l=, wkqj ñksiqka fn§u nqÿoyu úiska m%;sfCIam lrkq ,en

we;' l=,hka wkqj ñksiqka Wia my;a jk kuq;a th nqÿoyu úiska m%;sfCIam lrkq ,en we;' isxy,hska w;r úúO l=, j¾. mej;=Ks'f.dú.u fmdf<dfjys j.d lrka kka &" lrj ëjrhka &" i,d.u l= re÷fmd;= .ikakka&" ÿrdj ^rd uÈkakka&" kjkaokak ^lïy,alrejka"f,day jev lrkakka iy leghïlrejka&" ikakd,s uykakka&" rod^frÈ wmq,a,kakka&" nvye, ^l=U,alrejka&" rkslals lrKjEñhka&"fnrj fnr jhkakka &" lskakdr meÿre úhka kka&" frdã isÕka kka&Y%S ,dxlsl ck;dj w;r mej;s l=, l%uhg wh;a l=, j¾.fhdah'fuu l=, l%uh j¾;udkfha§ b;d wvq jYfhka jHjydr fõ' nqÿka jod< O¾uhg wkqj l=, l%uh ms<sfkd.efka' ta wkqj ñksiqka j¾.lsÍu l< fkdyels h' tl, úúO /lshd mokï lrf.k tfia ;snq Ko j¾;udkfha§ wOHdmkh yd m<mqreoao u;hs úfYaIfhka /lshd

lrkq ,nkqfha'wkH i;=ka yd .iaje,a fjkafldg y÷kd.; yels jqjo

ñksiqka j¾K jYfhka ^n%dyauK" laI;%Sh" ffjYHh iy Y=ø& j¾.lr fkdyelsh' 2 merKs oUÈj n%dyauKfhda bf.kSu" b.ekaùu"hd. lsÍu yd lrùu" odkh ms<s.ekSu hkdÈh l<y' laI;%Sfhda úiska lrkq ,enqfõ m%cd md,kh" odkh" oka §u" fõo wOHdmkhyd ldufhys fkdwe,Suhs' 3 ffjYHfhda lDIsl¾uh" .j md,kh"fjf<|du hkd§ l¾udka; l<y' 4 Y=øfhda úiska n%dyauK" laI;%shiy ffjYHh hk j¾K ;=kg lSlre fjñka odilï lsÍu lrkq,enQy'5 tl, n%dyauKfhda jvd;au Wiia cd;sh jYfhka ie,l=Ks'iudc úoHd;a ulj iudcfha ish¨u idudðlhka iudkd;au;djfhka hq;=j ie,lsh hq;= h' nqÿoyug wkqj is h¿u idudðlhka whs;sjdis lïwkqj tl iudkh' hï cd;shla wfkla cd;shg jvd j¾Kh wkqjWiia fyda my;a fkdfõ'

f,dj jik nqoaêu;aj i;a;ajhd ñksidh' iajdëkj úYajhwjfndaO lr.; yelafla ñksidgh' fï ñys;,fha Ôj;ajk ish¿u



35fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

Ôùka w;=frka w;s úfYaI i;a;ajhd ukqIHhdh' Tyq $ wehg Wiia jQukila msysgd ;sîu thg fya;=jhs' ish¿u i;a;ajhkg jvd Wiia jQ

W;=ï jQ i;a;ajhd o ñksidh' fï iif¾ ießirk mqoa.,hl=f.a mrumQ¾K;dj jQ iïnqoaO;ajh yqfola ukqIHhl= úiska u muKla ,nkfohls' iEu ñksfil=gu úuqla;sh ,nd .ekSug úNjhla ^wkd.;yelshdjla& we;' ñksidf.a w.h Tyq $ wehf.a fY%aIaG;ajh u; r|dmj;sk nj;a ;udf.au W;aidyfhka th ,nd .; hq;= nj;a ;udgfjk lsisjl=f.a msys gla ke;s w;r we;af;a ;udg ;udf.a ms ysg nj;a tfyhska ;udf.a .e,jqïlre ;udu nj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a

O¾ufhys i|yka fõ' foúhl=g fyda n%yauhl=g nqÿúh fkdyelsnj;a nqÿ úh yelafla iodpdrd;aul nfõ iy m%{dfõ by<gu .shukqIHhl=g muKla nj;a i|yka fõ'

ñksid iodpdr iïmkak jQ úg foúhkaf.a mjd jkaokdjgNdckh fjhs' Yl% foafõkaøhd ukqf,dj foig kuialdr lrñka"

fh .yÜGd mq[a[lrd

iS,j;a;d WmdildOïfïk odrx fmdfi;a;s;x kuiaidó ud;,S 6

hkqfjka mjid we;s nj jd¾;d jka fka tfyhs ks' fï wkq j foúhka f.ka mjd je÷ï ms÷ï ,nd .ekSug W;a;Í;r ñksfil=g yelshdj we;'úfÊnKavdr iy wka wh ^2004" ms' 77& i|yka lr;s fufia (

zzfoaj;ajh hkq ukqIH;ajh ,nd l=i,a l< mqoa.,hka ,nkldu iaj¾.hls' tfy;a mska msßyq Kq miq kej; ukqf,dj fyda fjk;a ;ekl Wm; ,nkakg isÿjk fyhska foaj;ajh hkq iodld,sl"n,OdÍ" i¾j iïmQ¾K ;;a;ajhla fkdfõ'ZZ

nqoa O;a jh ,nd .ekS u hkq ukqIH yels hdjka f.a uqÿka fm;a ;gfyj;a by< u ;;a;ajhg meñKSuhs' lsisÿ ñksfil= iodld,slmõldrfhl= jYfhka fkdie,fla' lskï wmrdOldrfhl=g jqj ohym;a Ôú;hla njg tu Ôú;h mßj¾;kh lr .ekSfï yelshd-jla we;' krl mqoa.,fhla miq lf,l fyd| ùug bv ;sfí' fyd|



O¾ud[S36 kdhl;ajh

mqoa.,fhla miq lf,l krl ùug bv ;sfí' fyd| mqoa.,hl= jvdfyd| mqoa.,fhl= ùug;a krl mqoa.,fhl= jvd krl mqoa.,hl=

ùug;a mq¿jk' mqoa.,hd ixidr .ufka .;sl jk kuq;a ia:s;slfkdfjhs' fuu .;sl ^fjkia jk& iajNdjh mokï lr .ksñka nqÿiuh úoHdkq l+, úNck l% uhla wkqj iudcfha jdih lrk ckhdj¾. y;rlg fnod ±lafõ'

1' ;fuda ;u mrdhk ^w÷ßka w÷rg hk&±kg miamõ oi wl=i,a lrk È.ska È.gu ;j ;j;a wl=i,aj, fhfok wh'

2' ;fud fcda;s mrdhk ^w÷ßka t<shg hk&±kg mõ lr we;;a l%ufhka l=i,hg fhduq fjñka fyd| w;g fjkia jk wh'

3' fcda;s fcda;s mrdhk ^t<sfhka t<shg hk&±kgu;a hym;a ls%hdjkays ksr; ;jÿrg;a È.ska È.gujv jvd hym;a l=i,a l%shd lrk wh'

4' fcda;s ;u mrdhk ^t<sfhka w÷rg hk&±kg hym;a l% shdjka ysksr; kuq ;a wl=i,hg keó È.guwl=i,aj,g fhduqjk wh'nqÿrcdKka jykafia fldfid,a rc;=udg fï f,dalfha isák mqoa .,hka by; ±la jQmßÈ j¾. i;rlg fnÈh yelsnj jod< fial ^wx.=;a;r ksldfha p;=lal ksmd;h&' 7

mqoa.,hka iodpdrh wkqj fjkia fõ' tla tla mqoa.,hdf.a iodpdrd;aul ÈhqKqj fndfyda úg tl iudk fkdfõ' iodpdrh uq,a lrf.k mqoa.,hka j¾. lrk ;j;a l%uhla ñksidf.a iudc p¾hdjms<sn|j wjOdrKh lrhs ^úfÊnKavdr iy wka wh" 2004' ms' 75&'

1' w;a;ka;m - ;udgu ys ßyer lr .ka kd mdmSp¾hdj we;a;d'

2' mrka;m - wkq ka g jo ys ßyer muqKqjk;eke;a;d'

3' w;a;ka;m - mrka;m - ; u d g ; a w kq k a g ;a h kfomCIhgu ysßyerhla jk;eke;a;d'



37fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

4' fkj;a;ka;m kmrka;m - ;ukag fyda wkqkag johla fkdjk ;eke;a ;d' nqÿjreka

ry;=ka - fn!oaOhka fuhska woyia fõ'

mqoa.,hka iodpdr oDIaáh wkqjo fjkia jkq we;' ish¿umqoa.,hkag Ôú;h ms<sn| tlu u;hla fyda o¾Yk m:hla olakgke;' ñksidf.a iodpdr oDIaáh mokï lr .ksñka ñksiqka j¾.;=klg fnfoa' 8

1' wkaO - weia fkdfmfkk mqoa.,hdhs' fuu mqoa.,hd nqÿka jod< O¾uh ms<sfkd.kshs' wd.ñl p¾hdjla iodpdrhla ^hym;a&ke;' we;af;a ÿIa.=Khkaf.ka hq;= wdfhda.H ^;ukag;a iudchg;a&p¾hdjls' fuf,dj ÈhqKqjla .ek fkdis;k mqoa.,fhls'

2' talplaLq - Ôj;a jk ld,h ;= < Wmßu ÈhqKqjla ,nd .ekSugl%shdlrk mqoa.,fhls' mrf,dj fyda mrf,dj ÈhqKqjla .ek fuu

mqoa.,hd fkdis;hs' fuf,dj fN!;sl ÈhqKqj .ek is;d jev lrkqwe;' wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj fkd;lkq we;'

3' oaúplaLq -fuu mqoa.,hd fuf,dj ÈhqKqj .eko mrf,djÈhqKqj .eko is;hs' ta i|yd lghq;= lrhs' fN!;sl ixj¾Okh owdOHd;añl ixj¾Okho hk oaú;ajhu fuu mqoa.,hd ,nd .kshs'iodpdr iïmkak ÈhqKq ñksfils' 9

ñksidg wfkal úO jQ wdYdjka we;' ñksiqka úúO is;=ïme;=ï we;s úúO yeÕSï we;s msßils' ñksid ;DIaKdfjka nß; jQi;a;ajfhls' 10 kdu yd rEm ^is; iy lh& hk oaú;ajfhka ñksidiukaú;hs'

ñksiqka j,dl=¿j,g Wmud l< ú.%yhla wx.=;a;r ksldfha p;=lal ksmdf;a mGu j,dyl iQ;%fhys i|yka fõ' tys,d j<dl=¿

j¾. 4 la we;s nj;a ñksiqkao j¾. 4 la we;s nj;a ±lafõ' j<dl=¿j¾. y;r my; ±lafõ'



O¾ud[S38 kdhl;ajh

1' f.drjhs" fkdjiS2' fkdf.drjhs" jishs3' fkdf.drjhs" fkdjiS4' f.drjhs" jiS 11

ñksiqka j¾. 4 fufiah (1' l;d lr;s" jev fkdlr;s ( fï j¾.hg wh;a mqoa.,fhla

úúO jev .ek l;d lrhs" wka whg m%ldY lrhs" lhsjdre .ihs"fndre fmdfrdkaÿ fohs" tfy;a jev fkdlrhs'

2' l;d fkdlr;s" jev lr;s ( fï j¾.hg wh;a mqoa.,hd l;dfkdlrhs" lhs jdre fkd.ihs" m% isoaêfha m%ldY fkdlrhs' tfy;a jevfyd¢ka lrhs' ish j.lSï ksis f,i bgq lrñka wm%isoaêfha fujeksmqoa.,hd jev lrhs'

3' l;d fkdlr;s" jev fkdlr;s ( fï j¾.hg wh;a mqoa.,hd l;d lrkafka;a jev lrkafka;a ke;' yßhg lsßueá .s,mq

lsUqf,la fuks' ish j.lSï bgqlrk nj m%ldY lrkafka;a ke;'bgq lrkafka;a ke;'

4' l;d lr;s " jev lr;s ( fï j¾.hg wh;a mqoa.,hd l;d lrhs"m%isoaêhla ish jevj,g fohs" tf,iu lshmq jev bgq lrhs'

f.dkqka n÷ ñksiaiq isák njo nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<fial' wx.=;a;r ksldfha p;=lal ksmd;fha f;jk mKaKdilfha j,dyl j¾.fha n,sjoao iQ;%fha .jhka i;r fofkla ms<sn| ú.%yflf¾'

1' i.jpKa fvd fkda mr.jpKa fvda ;uka f.a /f,a f.dkq ka gwksk tfy;a msg f.dkqka iuÕ hy¿&

2' mr.jpKafvda fkda i.jpKafvda msg f.dkqkag wksk;ukaf.a /f,a f.dkqka iuÕ hy¿&

3' i.jpKa fvda p mr.jpKafvda ;ukaf.a /f,a f.dkq kag omsg f.dkqkag o wksk&



39fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

4' fkaj i.jpKafvda fkda mrNjpKafvda ;ukaf.a /f,a f.dkqka iu.;a msg f.dkqka iu.;a hy¿& 12

fï f.dkqka i;r fokd fuka ñksiqka j¾. i;rla o olakg,efí' tkï"

1' ;u mjqf,a whg wys;j;a wka whg ys;j;a ( ;u Nd¾hdjg$ iajdñ mqreIhdg" orejkg" foudmshkg iy {d;SkagTyq $ weh ys;j;alula fkdolajhs " ìh .kajhs" ysxid lrhs'tfy;a msg whg Tyq $ weh ys;j;a fjhs" Wmldr lrhs" ysxidfkdlrhs" .egqï we;s fkdlrhs'

2' ;u mjqf,a whg ys;j;a wka whg wys;j;a ( ;u mjqf,a whg ys;j;a lï mdhs " Woõ lrhs " ÈhqKqjg lghq ;=lrhs " tfy;a

msgia;r mqoa.,hkag Tyq $ weh wys;j;a fjhs" Wmldrfkdlrhs" ysxid lrhs" .egqï we;s lrhs'

3' ;u mjqf,a whg;a msg whg;a wys;j;a ( ish¿ fokdgu fu-jeks mqoa .,fhla lror lrhs " ysxid lrhs " myr fohs " wys;j;a j

yeisfrhs'

4' ;u mjqf,a whg;a msg whg;a ys;j;a ( fujeks mqoa.,hdfY%aIaG mqoa.,fhls' Tyq $ weh f.ka mjqf,a whg fukau

wka ish¿ msgia ;r fokdgu o is ÿjkqfha hym;ls " jdishls "m%fhdackhls' .u fyda wdh;kh fuu mqoa.,hd ksid

nenf<hs'by; ú.%yhka Tn ksjerÈj jgyd.;af;ys kï ñksid

ms<sn| fyd| wjfndaOhla Tn ;=< we;' cd;s" l=, iy j¾K wkqjñksid j¾. fkdlrk nj Tn okafkysh' tfy;a mqoa., is;=ú,siy l%shd wkqj úúO j¾.fha mqoa.,fhda isá;s' kdhlhl= jYfhka Tnf.a wkq.dñlhka iïnkaOfhkao by; i|yka l< j¾.SlrKhka wod< fõ' ula ksido h;a wkq.dñlfhda o ñksiqka jk neúks' ñksidms<sn| h:d wjfndaOh ksid .egqï wjulr ke;fyd;a ;=rka lr



O¾ud[S40 kdhl;ajh

wkq.dñlhkaf.a Wmßu iyfhda.h ,ndf.k mrud¾: uqÿkam;a lr.ekSu i|yd kdhlhd lghq;= l< hq;=h' Tn ish¿ fokdf.au h:d

iajNdjh uekúka wjfndaO lr f.k Tjqkg kdhl;ajh Èh hq;=h'ñksiqka ms<sn| h:d wjfndaOhla we;s kdhlhd (

) is h wkq.dñlfhl= lKa vdhfï mrud¾: bgq lr .ekS ug lghq ;=fkdlrk úg úCIsma; ù uyd úYd, .eg¨jla f,ig thfkdolshs'

) wkq.dñlfhl= wka wkq.dñlhkg ndOd lrk úg ta i|yd

nqoa êu;a j is h,a ,u ms <s.; yels úi÷ula lrd hdug lghq;=lrhs'

) is h¿u wkq .dñlhka tl iudkj odhl;a jhla § jev fkdlrknj jgyd .kshs' iEu fokl=u mrudo¾YShj jev fkdlsÍuksid fkdl,lsfrhs" wffO¾hu;a fkdfjhs'

) wfmaCIs; odhl;ajh fkdfok wh jgydf.k Tjqkaf.ka

lsishï fyda jeo.;a odhl;ajhla ,nd .ekSug lghq;=lsÍug fjr orhs'

wdl,amhla hkqfjka woyia jkafka hï mqoa.,fhla fyda hï fohla ms<sn| Tn ;=< mj;sk we.hSuhs' ke;fyd;a u;hhs'kdhlhl= úiska wksjd¾hfhkau ish wkq.dñlhka ms<sn| hym;a ke;fyd;a Okd;aul wdl,amhla ±ßh hq;=j ;sfí' wkq.dñlhka ms<sn| RKd;aul wdl,amhla kdhlhdg mj;sk úg ish lKavdhïmrud¾: bgqlr .ekSug fkdyels jkq we;' ienE kdhlhd (

^w& wkq.dñlhka hkq ñksiqka msßila nj jgyd .kshs'

^wd& ta wkqj wkq.dñlhka ms<sn| úYajdihla cks; lr .kshs'

^we& wkq.dñlhka ms<sn| Okd;aulj yÕshs'

^wE& wkq.dñlhka flfrys reÑl;ajhla ^leue;a;la& we;s lr

.kshs'^b& wkq.dñlhkaj ksjerÈ Èidjg ^Od¾ñl" kdhl;ajmrud¾:j,g& fhduq lrùu i|yd keUqrejla cks; lr

.kshs'



41fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

ienE kdhlhdf.a hym;a wdl,amh hkafkka woyia jkafka by; i|yka l< fohhs' hym;a wdl,amh hym;a p¾hdjg fya;=

fjhs' túg wkq.dñlhkaf.a iyfhda.h jeä ù kdhl;aj mrud¾:bgq ùu isÿjkq we;' fuh my; rEmfhka fmkajkq ,efí'

hym;a wdl,amh^ñksid ms<sn|&

hym;a p¾hdj

wkq.dñlhkaf.a iyfhda.h

kdhl;ajmrud¾:bgqlsÍu



O¾ud[S42 kdhl;ajh

05 mßÉfþoh

hym;a pß;h ( ioa.= Khka

mqoa., pß;h hkq mqoa.,hl=f.a .;s ,CIKh' Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a .;s .=Kj, ia jNdjhhs ' Tyqf.a fyda wehf.a iodpdrd;a uliy ÿrdpdrd;aul iajNdjhhs' hym;a pß;h (Good Character)

hkq .=Khym;aluhs" ±yeñ njhs" iqpß;hhs' whym;a pß;h (BadCharacter) hkq ÿrdpdrhhs" ÿIapß;hhs'

fuys,d wjOdrKh l< hq;= mo folls' tkï ioa.=Kh(Virtue) iy wioa.=Kh (Vice) ' ioa.=Kh hkq fyd| mqreoaols' ;udg;a wka whg;a fi;la jk hym;a .;s .=Khls .;s ,CIKhls&' bjiSuioa.=Khls' wjxllu ioa.=Khls' wioa.=Khla hkq krl mqreoaols"

jrols ' ke;fyd;a ;udg;a wka whg;a whym;la jk .;s ,CIKhls '1

fldamh wioa.=Khls' B¾IHdj wioa.=Khls' ioa.=Khka Tn ;=<cks; lr.; hq;= w;r tajd by<gu j¾Okh lr .; hq;=h' 2 wioa .=Khka Tn flfrka wju l< hq ;=w;r yels kï iïmQ ¾Kfhka u;=rka l< hq;=h'

fï wkqj wioa.=Khka fkdue;sj ioa.=Khka Wmßum%udKfhka mj;sk pß; iajNdjh b;du hym;a pß;hla f,iye¢kafõ' tkï iodpdrd;aulNdjfha úYs Iag;djhs ' fuu úYs Iag;djg



43fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

Tn kdhlhl= jYfhka m;a úh hq;=h" <Õd úh hq;=h' th ÿIa lr fohla jqj o l< yelalls' ta i|yd wêIaGdkYS,sj W;aidy .kq uekú'

iqpß;h jeo.;a jkafka wehs@ iqpß;fhka ieuúgu isÿjkqfha hym;ls" jdishls' wksjd¾hfhkau wjdishla fyda jrola fyda isÿ fkdfõ' Tng;a" wka whg;a" wod< wdh;khg;a iuia;hla jYfhka rgg;a isÿjkqfha hym;ls' iqpß;h jQ l,S ukqIHfhl= ;=<we;s wjÈ jQ $ mqnqÿ jQ ÈjHuh .;shhs' th lsisÿ fidrl=g fidrd.;fkdyelsh' tys wdrCIdj i|yd wuq;= m%h;akhla ±ßh hq;= ke;'wOHdmkfha uQ,sl mrud¾:hls iqpß;h j¾Okh lsÍu'

iqpß;fhka hq;=j mqoa .,hl= tla ojila Ôj;a ùu ÿIa pß;fhka hq;=j wjqreÿ ishhla Ôj;aùug jvd jákd nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< fial' ;,a mdú, YS,jxY ysñfhda 2001" ms' 7& pß;fhys hym;a &jeo.;alu fufia wjOdrKh lr;s'

zzYla;Ska w;r pß; Yla;sh m%Odk fõ' ldh {dk Yla;Ska

we;;a hful=g pß; Yla;sh ke;akï Tyq Tyqgu i;=frls' Tyqf.ka Tyqg;a rgg;a uy;a úm;lau isÿjkafkahZZ'

iudchl ÿIa.;sj,ska hq;= whym;a pß;h mj;S kï buy;a wjdisj,g iudchg uqyqK §ug isÿjkq we;' iudchl ioa.;sj,ska hq;a hym;a pß;h mj;S kï buy;a jdis /ila iudchg ,efnkqwe;' my; ksrEmKfhka iudcfha whym;a pß;h lrk fldgf.kwe;s jk m%;sM,hka o iudcfha hym;a pß;h lrk fldgf.kwe;sjk m%;sM,hka o ±lafõ'



O¾ud[S44 kdhl;ajh

iudcfha ÿIapß;h ksid iudcfha iqpß;h ksidwe;sjk m%;súmdl we;sjk m%;súmdl

) fndfyda kS;súfrdaë Wm;a fndfyda kS;Hdkql+, Wm;a ) fndfyda ishÈú kid.ekSï fndfyda iajNdúl urK) fndfyda ñkSuereï fndfyda iqj lsÍï) fndfyda m%pKav;d fndfyda iduh) fndfyda wmrdO wmrdO ke;' ke;fyd;a wvqh) fndfyda isr.; lsÍï isr.; lsÍï ke;

) wdpdrúfrdaë ;SrK .ekSu wdpdriïmkak ;SrK .ekSu) msßfyk ld¾ñl M,odhs;dj j¾Okh jk ld¾ñl M,odhs;dj) wld¾hCIu;dj ld¾hCIu;dj) wkdrCIs; ia:dk iqrCIs; ia:dk) ld¾ñl fkdikaiqka;dj ld¾ñl iduh) ¥IKh iy w.;s.dó {d;s idOdrK;ajh iy w.;s.dó;ajh

ix.%yh fkdue;sùu

) f,!lsl;ajh Od¾ñl;ajh) iqLmru jdoh wdOHd;añl;ajh

^iem ú£u i|ydu&) iqkaùu ÈhqKqj) wiunr Ôú;h iunr Ôú;h) wmlS¾;sh hfidardjh ^lS¾;skduh&) frda.S nj ksfrda.S nj) ÿ.Slu iuDoaêh) tla tla mqoa .,hka f.a wiudk ish¿ mqoa.,hkaf.a iuld,Sk

ÈhqKqj ÈhqKqj

my; i|yka ioa.=Khka ms<sn| ie,lsh hq;= ú.%yhla Tngwms bÈßm;a lrkafkuq'

1' wjxllu (Honesty)2' bjiSu (Patience)3' lD;{;dj (Gratitude)



45fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

4' ksy;udkSlu (Humility)5' .re lsÍu (Respect)

6' is,aj;alu (Piousness)5

uq,ska i|yka lrk ,o ioa.=Khka fol ms<sn| fuumßÉfþofha§ ú.%y flf¾' b;sßh ms<sn| ú.%yhla B<Õ mßÉfþofha bÈßm;a flf¾'

wjxllu

wjxllu hkq i;Hjd§ ùfï .=Khhs' i;Hhg .re lr uq-idnia foãfuka je<lSuhs' RcqNdjh 6 kñkao wjxlNdjh y÷kajkq,efí' hula ms<s n| Tn wjxl kï Tn ta ms<sn| iïmQ ¾Kfhka u i;Hm%ldY lrkafkys " lsisjla iÕjka fka ke;a f;ys' hula iïnkaOfhka ^mqoa.,fhla " fohla" isoa êhla hkdÈ& Tn lshk foa iy lrk foa w;rmr;rhla we;akï Tn jxl mqoa.,fhls' wjxlluys úreoaO ;;a;ajhjxpksl ùuhs' wjxllu keue;s ioa.=Kfhys uQ,sldx. folls'

1' i;Hh lSu fyj;a fndre fkdlSu' fuh m[ap iS,fhystk isõjk YsCId mohhs' 7

2' i;Hfhys msysàu' ñka woyia jka fka fok ,o fmdfrdka ÿjlv fkdlsÍuhs'

wjxllu fkdue;s ùfuka wka wh Tn flfrys ;enQ úYaj-dih lvfõ' kj úYajdihla cks; jkafka ke;' zfndreldrfhl=Z

jYfhka

kskaod lrkq we;' túg fndfyda wh Tnf.ka wE;a ù hkqwe;' Tn ;ksùug we;s bvlv fndfyda jeäh'

wjxllu fkdue;s úg úúO wys;lr ;;a;ajhkg uqyqK§ug isÿfõ' jxllu ksid fndre lSu" fndre idCIs §u" fndre nia lshd wkqka rjgd ,dN m%fhdack .ekSu ±lsh yelsh' fïjd ji,.;s jYfhka nqÿrcdKka jykafia ji, iQ;%fhys foaYkd l<y' 8 jxl mqoa.,hd ìfhka Ôj;a fjhs" iudcfhka fpdaokd ,nhs" .eryqï

,nhs' fndre lshkakd hï we;a;la m%ldY l<o th ms<s.ekSug ,la fkdfõ'



O¾ud[S46 kdhl;ajh

wjxlNdjh we;s mqoa.,hdf.a jpkh;a" l%shdj;a w;frysfjkila ke;' hula m%ldY lrkafkao th lsÍu;a hula lrkafkao

th m%ldY lsÍu;a wjxl mqoa.,hd ;=< olakg ,efí' fuh h:djd§;:dldÍ yd h:dldÍ ;:djd§ .=Kh kñka ye¢kafõ' ieneúkaunqÿrcdKka jykafia h:djd§ ;:dldÍ jQy" 9 h:dldÍ ;:djd§ jQy'fuu .=Kh we;s mqoa.,hd iudcfhka fpdaokd fkd,nhs" m%Yxid,nhs" .re;ajh yd úYajdih ,nhs'

flfkl= fndre lshkafka wehs@ ;udg jdishla ,nd .ekSug";u ys;jf;l=g jdishla ,nd§ug" ;udg isÿúh yels wjdishla

uÕyrjd .ekSug" ;u ys;j;l=g isÿúh yels wjdishla uÕyrjd.ekSug" ls isfjl= g fndre fpda okd fldg wjdis hla wk¾:hla lsÍug"yqÿ úfkda oh i|yd hkd§ úúO fya ;= lrk fldg f.k ñks ia iq fndrelsh;s' fndre lSu mj;S' fï Njfhau fndfyda úg fndrej fy<s ùo~qjï ,efí' tfia ke;akï u;= Njhl ksYaÑ; jYfhkau wys;lrúmdl f.k foa' 10

Tn wjxl úh hq;af;a wka whg muKla fkdfõ' Tn Tngowjxl ^Rcq& úh hq;=h' Tfí isf;ys we;s woyi iÕjd f.k jp-kfhka fyda l%shdfjka fyda fjk hula lSu fyda lsÍu Tn Tngulr.kakd jQ jxpdjls' Tng wkqkaj /jàug mq¿jka úh yelsh'tfy;a lsisúfgl Tfí yDo idCIsh /jàug Tng yelshdjla ke;'jxl mqoa.,hdg l< fkdyels mdmhla ke;ehs ±lafõ' tla fndrejla jeiSug ;j fndre rdYshla lSug isÿúh yelsh' fndrej ksid ieuodieflka" ìfhka Ôj;aùug isÿfõ'

wo wm rfgys jxpdj iy ¥IKh ms<sn| mqj;a ks;r wikakg,efí' jfrl wm rg ¥Is; rgla f,i cd;Hka;r m¾fhaIKwdh;khla úiska m%ldYhg m;afldg ;snqKs' ¥Is; iy jxpkslkdhlhka nyq,j fjfik rgla jYfhka Y%S ,xldj y÷kajd we;'th w;sYhskau lK.dgqjg lreKls' fndrej $ jxpdj úúO whqfrka isÿfõ' wdldr lsysmhla my; ±lafõ'

1' fndre úhoï fmkajd ^fndre jjqpr fhdod& tu uqo,a .idlEu'

2' fndre jHdc iy;sl fmkajd úúO ;k;=rej,g m;aùu'



47fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

3' jHdc iy;sl bÈßm;afldg úúO ys ;ñ;%d§kag ;k;=re iyjdis ,nd§u'

4' úúO fya;= fyda ,shú,s bÈßm;afldg fmdÿ foam< Ndú;lsÍu ^wh:d f,i&'5' l< jxpd jid .ekSu msKsi úúO fí.,a weo nEu'6' fndre fpda okd bÈßm;a fldg ;udf.a ;rÕlrejka g Wiia ùula

i|yd fyda ue;sjrK chla i|yd fyda hkd§ jYfhka & wmydilsÍu'

7' wdKavqj fyda wdh;kh fjkqfjka wêl ñ,la hgf;a úúOj;alï ñ,§ f.k thska fldñia uqo,la ,nd .ekSu'

8' ;u ys;j;=kag fldka;%d;a jev ndr§ úúO ;Hd. ,nd.ekSu'

9' wmrdO isÿfldg thska fíÍu i|yd ^kS;sh yuqfõ& úúO,shlshú,s fjkia lsÍu' jerÈ jd¾;d ks¾udKh lsÍu^m.d§fuka fyda ys;j;alï n,mq¿jkaldrlï Ndú;fhka&'

10' i;H jika lsÍu i|yd úúO n,mEï fldg fndre udOHjd¾;djka m%isoaO lsÍu' jHdc o;a; iemhSu'

wjê isoaêh ( l%Svd msáhla ;ekSu

l÷rfÜ ÿmam;a .ïudkhl mdi,lg l%Svd msáhla ;ekSu i|yd wod<rcfha ks,OdÍka úiska remsh,a ,CI myla ^tl, - 2002 § muK&weia ;fïka ;=jla ms<sfh, lrk ,È' tu m% foa Yfha NsCIQka jyka fia kula bÈßm;a ù wod< weu;s;=uka iuÕ idlÉPd fldg rems h,a ,CIhla b,a ,d.;af;a h' wk;=rej Wkajykafia ish úYajdiS iud.ï folls ka fvdai¾^ßhÿrdf.a ffoksl fõ;kh iy jdykhg f;,a fok fmdfrdkaÿmsg& folla imhdf.k .ïuqkag yd mdie,a <uhskag lreKq myod §Tjqkaf.a iydh we;sj i;s ;= klska muK ukd l%Svdx.khla ms<sfh,l<y' úhou remsh,a ;siaoyilg;a wvqúh' Wkajykafia lreKq okajdb;sß uqo, wud;HdxYhg wdmiq ÿkay' fuu NsCIQka jykafia Wiia hehs is;kjqkaf.a .¾ydjg ,la jQ y' tfy;a fndfyda fokdf.a buy;a f.!rjhg Wkajykafia m;a jQy'

uQ,dY%h ( y.a.uqfõ isß r;kd,xldr ia:úr" 2003" msms' 16-17



O¾ud[S48 kdhl;ajh

wjxllu j¾Okh lsÍu i|yd .; yels l%shdud¾. my; ±lafõ'

1' fndre lSfuys wd§kj fufkys fldg thska je<lSugwêIaGdk lr .ekSu'

2' h:djd§ ;:dldÍ .=Kfhys w;sYh jeo.;alu wjfndaOlr.ekSu'

3' fmdfrdkaÿjla §ug m%:u tu fmdfrdkaÿj bgq l< yelsokeoao hkak uekúka wOHhkh lsÍu' tfia fldg l<yels kï muKla tu fmdfrdkaÿj §u'

4' ;udg l< yels foa muKla lSu' mqyqudkakfhka wkaOwkqlrK rgdjlg l< fkdyels foa lSfuka je<ls h hq;=h'fï i|yd ;udf.a Yla;Ska iy ÿ¾j,;d fyd¢ka wOHhkhl< hq;=h'

5' u;lfhka ^;udf.a u;lh wvudk kï& l:d fkdlrwjYH uQ,dY% ^fmd;am;a hkdÈh& mßYS,kfhka l:d lsÍuiy m%ldY ksl=;a lsÍu'

6' Tnf.a iy wka whf.a ke;s .=K mejiSïj,ska je<lSu'

7' jrola isÿjqjfyd;a th ms<s.ekSu'

8' ;ud hula fkdokafka kï ta nj jgydf.k ksy~ ùu'fndre lSug jvd ksy~ ùu fnfyúkau fyd|h'

9' wvudkfhka hula m%ldY lsÍug isÿ ù ;sfí kï ^o;a;fkdue;s ùu fyda ld,h fkdue;s ùu fyda fjk;a fya;=jla ksid& ta nj wid isák whg m%ldY lsÍu'

10' Tnf.a wjxllu keue;s ioa.=Kh fld;rï m%udKhlgweoao hkak ksYaph lrkak' ta i|yd my; o¾Ylh Ndú;hg

.kak' tys ±lafjk p¾hd wkq.ukh lrkak'



49fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

o¾Ylh 2 ( wjxllu

whs;uh fnfyúkau tlÕ uOHia:hs tlÕ fnfyúkautlÕ fjñ fjñ fkdfjñ tlÕ

fkdfõ

1' ug i;Hh jika ls Íub;d ÿIalr ld¾hhls'

2' fndre lSfï is ß;la ud;=< ke;'

3' wka wh udj úYajdilr;s'

4' uu wka whj fkdrjgñ'

5' uu fidrlï fkdlrñ'

6' is;du;d uu lsisfjl=jerÈ ud¾.fha fkdhjka fkñ'

7' ksjerÈ f,i w;S ;ldrKd jd¾;d lsÍuguu mqreÿ ù isákafkñ'

8' wka wh l=ula lSjo uuksjerÈ foh lrñ'

9' uu fmdfrdkaÿ bgq lrñ'

10' wka wh w;r lemS fmkSui|yd wuq;= W;aidyhla uu fkd.ksñ" ujdmEula fkdlrñ'

,l=Kq lsÍfuka miqj my; i|yka j.=j wdOdrfhka Tfí,l=Kq m%udKh ksYaph lrkak' miqj fok ,o w¾: ksrEmkh wkqjTnf.a wjxllfï ;ru ksYaph lrkak' Tn Tngu wjxl ù wvqmdvq

ilia lr .kak'



O¾ud[S50 kdhl;ajh

whs;uh fnfyúkau tlÕ uOHia :hs tlÕ fnfyúka utlÕ fjñ fjñ fkdfjñ tlÕ fkdfõ

1' 5 4 3 2 12' 5 4 3 2 13' 5 4 3 2 14' 5 4 3 2 15' 5 4 3 2 16' 5 4 3 2 17' 5 4 3 2 18' 5 4 3 2 19' 5 4 3 2 1

10' 5 4 3 2 1w¾: ksrEmKh ( ,l=Kq 10 - 18 } fnfyúkau jxlhs

18'1 - 26 } jxlhs26'1 - 34 } uOHia:hs34'1 - 42 } wjxlhs42'1 - 50 } fnfyúkau wjxlhs

fn!oaO cd;l isoaêh ( frdau cd;lhhg.sh oji nrKeia kqjr n%yauo;a; kï rc flfkla rclïlrk iufha fndaêi;a;ajhka jykafia mfrúhkag kdhljúiQy' ta mfrúhka jika kd jQjkh winv tla ;dmi flfkla jdih lf<ah' ta ;dmihka yuqjg Èkm;d hk mfrú iuQyhdWkajykafiag iómj je| kuialdr fldg hkakdy' l,lgmiq tu ;dmi;=ud wE; m%foaYhlg jeäfha h' ysia jQ mkai,

wh;a lr.;a tla ;jq fila tys jdih lrka kg úh' fnda êi;a ;a jmfrúhd;a msßi;a fmr tys úiQ ;dmijrekag l<d fiau Tyqyuqjg f.dia je| mqod mkai,a u¿fõ ksoyfia .ejiS f.dÿreld .sfhdah' l,la .sh miq Èkla Wmdiljre tla uia j¾.hla rig Whd ;jqidg oka fia ms<s.ekajQy' uia j<|k .uka TyqzzWmdilhsks fï ljr uila±ZZhs weiQ úg th mfrú uia njTjQyq lSy' mfrú uia .ek ±ä .scq njla Wmojd .;a ;dmifhda

Wmdilhka ,jd ñßia Kq yd fjk;a uia msiSug .kakd iQÿre"bÕ=re wd§ l=¿nvq j¾. f.kajd mkaif,a iÕjd ;enqfõh'



51fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

uia bùug wjYH ish¨ l<ukd ilid ;enQ ;dmihd

fmd,a ,la f.k ;u ;jq ia we÷ug háka iÕjdf.k mfrúhka tk fmruÕ n,d Wkafkah' ta fudfydf;a fndai;a mfrúhd;u msßi msßjrdf.k wdrdu N+ñhg neiafiah' ;dmihdf.a yeisÍfï l=ula fyda wuq;a;la we;ehs jgyd .;a mfrúkdhlhd Tyqg lsÜgq fkdù há iq<Õg f.dia bj we,a,Sh'W!g ;dmihd mfrú uia wkqNj fldg isák nj ±kqKs' fï;dmihd mfrú uia ld ta rig f,d,aj wm urd lEug iQod-kñka isákafka hhs ksjerÈj wkqudk l< kdhl mfrúhdta nj ;u msßig;a lshd wdrdu N+ñfha wE;g f.dia" f.dÿrelkakd fia yeiqreKy'

fï ÿgq ;dmihd fï mfrúfhda wo ud <Õg fkdt;s' lreKqlshd rjgd <Õg f.kajd f.k urd .ksñhs is;d" zzmfrúhks"fjkod kqU,d <x ù uf.a wf;a jQ f.dÿre mjd .;a;d fkd-fõo@ wo ud <Õg fkdtkafka ukao@ ud fjk;a ;dmihl=fia jrojd .;a ksido@ fkdtfia kï kqU,d fjk;a mfrú?kla o@ZZ wd§ fkdfhla l;d lS h' tnia weiQfnda i;a mfrúhdzz;dmih" kqU fjk;a ;jqfil= ;a fkdfjhs ' wmsfjk;a mfrúmsßil=;a fkdfjhs' kqU bkakd bßhõj álla iel iys;h'wms <Õg fkdtkafka ta ksihsZZ hkqfjka mÍCIdfjka hq;=jlSh' ;dmihd uf.a ie,eiau fï mfrúhkag ±kS we;' tfia jqj;a l< yels wka;su wdhdih;a .ksñhs is;d" iÕjdf.k

isá fmd,a, f.k mfrúhkag oud .eiSh' iQodkñka isámfrúfhda tu myr uÕ yeßfhdah' zzwdya ! uqkag ud .eiQfmd¨ mdr;a jerÿKd fka±ZZhs ;dmihdg bfíu lshejqKs' ta weiQ mfrú kdhlhd zz;dmihdfKks" fmd¨ mdr jerÿK;a"kqU i;r wmdfha jefgk tl kï jerÿfKa ke;' kqU ;j;a fu;ek is áfhd;a uu fï is h,a , Wmdiljreka g ls hñ' kq fòkshu iajNdjh;a lshd foñ' jydu fu;ekska bj;aj hkqZZhs

mejiqfõh' ;dmihd ta mfrú rxpq j n,d isáh§u ,eÊcdfjka lrndf.k mkai, w;ayer hkakg .sfhah'



O¾ud[S52 kdhl;ajh

fuu cd;l l;dfjka Tng mKsjqv lsysmhla f.k foa' tajd

kï (1' jxpd lsÍu È.ska È.gu l< fkdyelsh'2' kqjK we;s mqoa.,hl=j /jáh fkdyelsh'3' jxl mqoa.,hdg ;ud úiska nqla;s ú¢ñka isá iem myiqlï

o wysñ ùu'

bjiS ubjiSu hkq ikaiqkaj l,n, fkdù l=ms; fkdù hula ord

isàuhs' bjiSu jkdys wkHhka wdfl%daY lrk l,ays jO nkaOkdÈf-hka ÿla fok l,ays" Tjqka flfrys fjfyilg fkdmeñfKk"fkdlsfmk" úreoaOj l%shd fkdlrk iajNdjhhs ^f.dä.uqfõ fi-dar; ia:úr" 2008" ms' 257&' bjiSu hkakg úl,am jpkhla jkqfha laIdka; s12 hkakh' YSf;daIaK folska jk mSvd o id.skak msmdihf,v wdÈfhka jk ÿlao" ukqIH ;sriaÖkd§ka ksid jkakd jQ mSvd o"Tjqka úiska lrk mSvdo" bjiSu zlaIdka;sZ kñka ks¾jpkh flf¾^f¾reldfka pkaoúu, uydia:úr" 2008" ms' 217&' fï wkqj iajNdúljYfhka meñfKk ÿIalr;d o i;=ka iy ñksiqkaf.ka meñfKkÿIalr;d yd mSvd o ú| ord .ekSu bjiSu hkafkka woyia fõ' 13

ienE bjiSu jQ l,S b;d jeo.;a ioa.=Khls' my; i|yka foa ienE bjiSug wh;a fõ'

^w& ys;du;dj fyda wjfndaOhlska f;drj ñksidf.ka isÿjk;dvk mSvk ú| ord .ekSu'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia" zzuyfKks" tiufhys tu mfrú uigf,d,a jQ ;dmihd fï foajo;a; ia:úrfhdah' ta wdrdufhys l,ska úiQ ;dmihdfKda ießhq;a ia:úrh' kdhl mfrúhdj isáfha ±ka nqoaO;ajhg m;aj isák uï u fõ±ZZ hs w;S; l;dj iy j¾;udkl;dj .<md ±la jQ fial'

uQ,dY%h( rKùr" 2004" msms' 186-18811



O¾ud[S54 kdhl;ajh

iekiSu

ksfrda.Slu

i;=re lror fkdmeñKSu

kvqyn lSug isÿ fkdùuOkh /lSu

ld,h úkdY fkdùu

wka wh m%sh lsÍu yd .re

lsÍu

Tn lKavdhul fyda wdh;khl fyda ±kgu;a kdhl;ajhla orK mqoa .,hl= kï Tng tla ;rd kS ;suh n,hla we;' wkq.dñlhka gTng fuka kS;suh n,h fkdue;' wkq .dñlhl= w;ska isÿjk jrolgfkdlsmS bjif;d;a tn÷ bjiSu b;d jákd bjiSuls' ulaksido h;a n,h ysñ mqoa.,hl= jYfhka n,h wysñ ÿn,hl= w;ska isÿjk jerÈikaiqkaj ord isák fyhsks'

Tnf.a mh Y=kLhl= iemQ l< Tn ta Y=kLhdf.a mh im-dlkafkyso@ ms<s;=r meyeÈ,sh' zke;Z hkakh' fï i|yd Tng bjiSu;sìh hq;=h' fomCIhgu wk¾: jk m<s.ekS fuka je<lS isàug Tngfuu bjiSu keue;s ioa.=Kh bjy,a fõ' .egqula we;s jQ úg fl-damfhka" tlg tl lsÍfuka" m,s .ekSfuka lghq;= lsÍu weúf<k.skakg msÿre ±óula jeksh' Tn bjiSu m%.=K lrkafka kï thweúf<k .skakg c,h oukakdla fukah'

bjiSfuka wdksYxi myla ,efnk nj nqÿrcdKkajykafia jod< fial ^f.dä.uqfõ fidar; ia:úr" 2008" ms' 262&'

ndysr

mßirfha iajNdúl i;=ka iy

ñksiqkaf.ka isÿjk ydks"mSvd" lror hkdÈh'

bjiSu



55fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

1' bjik ;eke;a;d fndfyda ckhdg m%shukdm ùu'2' ñ;=rka nyq, ùu'3' wmrdO nyq,fldg ke;af;la ùu'4' isysfhka hqla;j l¨ßh lsÍu'5' urKska u;= iq.;shl bm§u'

f.dä.uqfõ fidar; ia:úrhdfKda ^2008" ms' 264& fufia i|yka lr;s( zzhï ukqIHhl= ;=< bjiSu ke;akï fyf;u kshuukqIHfhla fkdfõ' hï jeo.;l= ;=< bjiSu ke;akï Tyq kshu

jeo.f;la fkdfõ' hï mKaä;hl= ;=< bjiSu ke;akï Tyq kshumKaä;fhla fkdfõ' hï .=Kj;l= ;=< bjiSu ke;akï Tyq kshu.=Kjf;la fkdfõ' hï Y%uKhl= ;=< bjiSu ke;akï fyf;fï okshu Y%uKfhla fkdjkafkah'ZZ

fï wkqj jHq;amkak jk ks.ukfhls' hï kdhlhl= ;=<bjiSu fkdue;s kï Tyq fyda weh kshu kdhlhl= fkdfõ' Tnuekúka mÍCId l< fyd;a zbjiSuZ keue;s ioa.=Kh W;=ï .=KO¾uwe;slr .ekSu i|yd o n,mdk nj Tng mila jkq we;' bjiSu ksidfldamh l<ukdlrKh l< yelsh' bjiSu iykYS,s;ajhg rel=,a fohs' bjiSfuka f;drj YS," iudê" m%{d È .=KO¾u we;s fkdfõ'

bjiSu j¾Okh lr .kakd l%u my; i|yka fõ'

1' bjiS fï jeo.;a lu wjfnda O lr .ekS u' ta wkqj bjiS u ms<sn|hym;a wdl,amhla we;s lr .ekS u' tkï zbjiS fuka iekiSu,efíZ hka k úYa jdi lsÍu" th ioa .=Khla neúka Okd;a uljyeÕSu iy bjiSu l%shdjg kexùug keUqre ùuhs'

2' úúO i;=re n,fõ. mj;sk úg my; mßÈ fufkyslrkak'

zzf,dj fjfik ieugu i;= re mCIhla o we;a f;a h' f,djq ;=rdnqÿjre mjd ths ka fkdñÿKdy' th f,da lia jNdjh' ug fufia

wkqkaf.ka mSvd ,efnkafka w;S;fhys bm§ug fya;=jkl¾u /ia lr i;= re mSvd ,eìh hq ;=fï f,da lfha Wmka neúka h'thg uu o jrolrefjla fjñh' i;=rdu jrolre yeáhgf.k Tyq g ls mSu jrfola 'ZZ f¾reldfKa pka oúu, uydia :úr"2008" ms' 222&



O¾ud[S56 kdhl;ajh

3' i;=re mSvd mj;sk úg zlaIdka;s mdrñ;djZ msÍugwjia:djla ,enqKq nj is;kak' my; mßÈ fufkys

lrkak'zzi;=re mSvd fkdue;s kï ud yg laIdka;s mdrñ;dj

mqrkakg fkdyels fõ' fï ksid i;=rka yd mSvd udyg bjiSu mqreÿ lsÍug" msÍug wjia:djla ,nd §fuka lr we;af;a Woõ lsÍuls'ZZ

4' zmqKafKdajdohZ wjfndaOfldg ta wkqj mq¿,aj is;Su m%.=K

lsÍu'

mqKafKdajdoh

tla ijia ld,hl wdhqIau;a mqKaK f;reka jykafia nqÿrcdKka jyka fia fj; t<U" ziajdóks Nd.Hj;= ka jyka i"

uu yqfol,dj fjfiñka uyKoï mqrkq leue;af;ñ' ta i|yd ug flá wjjdohla lrkq uekejeZhs ie< lf<dah'Nd.Hj;= ka jyka fia mqKa K f;rKq jka g fldáka oyï foidzzmqKaKh" udf.ka fï flá oyï foiqu wid f.k ljrckmohl jdih lrkafkys±Zhs úpd< fial'

zziajdóks" iqKdmrka; kï ckmohla we;' uu tysfjfiñ'ZZ

zzmqKaKh" iqKdmrka;fha ñksiaiq kmqreh" bÈka tys§ ;gnekakyq kï tl,ays l=ula is;kafkyso@ZZ

zziajdóks" iqKdmrka;fhda fyd| ñksiaiqh' nksk kquq;a fudjqyq ug w;ska fkd .i;sZhs is;ñ'

zzmqKaKh" bÈka iqKdmrka;fhda w;ska .i;a kï l=ula is;kafkyso@ZZ



57fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

zziajdóks" fï ñksiaiq fyd|h' w;ska .ik kuq;a fudjqyq ug

.,a fkd .i;sZhs is;ñ'zzmqKaKh" bÈka iqKdmrka;fhda .,a .i;a kï tl,ays l=ula is;kafkyso@ZZ

zziajdñks" iqKdmrka;fhda fyd|h' .,a .i;a " uq;a fmd¨j,s ka fkd.i;sZhs is;kafkñ'

zzmqKaKh" bÈka iqKdmrka;fhda fmd¨j,ska .i;a kï l=ula is;kafkyso@ZZ

zzia jdóks " iqKdmrka ;fhda fyd|h' fmd¨j,s ka .i;a uq;a le;smsyshdj,ska fkd fldg;sZhs is;ñ'

zzmqKaKh" iqKdmrka;fhda msyshdj,ska" le;s ukakdj,ska fldgkakdyq kï l=ula is;kafkyso@ZZ

zziajdóks" iqKdmrka;fhda fyd|h" fudjqyq ud fkd ur;sZhs is;ñZZ'

zzmqKaKh" bÈka iqKdmrka;fhda ;d ur;a kï l=ula is;kafkyso@ZZ

zziajdóks" YÍrh;a" Ôú;h;a ms<sl=,a lrk we;eï nqoaOY%djlfhda YÍrh .ek;a" Ôú;h .ek;a l<lsÍ ;uka urjd.ekSug ñksiqka fidh;s' fkd fidhd u uu ñkSurejka ,ÈñZhs is;ñ'

blaì;s nqÿrcdKka jykafia jodrK fiala zzmqKaKh" b;dfyd|h' tn÷ yslaóula we;a;d jQ ;g iqKdmrka;fhys úishyelsh' thg l,a okqjZhs jod< fial'



O¾ud[S58 kdhl;ajh

mqKaK f;reka jykafia tys f.dia Wmdilhka mkaishhlao"

Wmdisldjka mkaishhla o we;s fldg ;uka jykafia o iõflf,iqka kid ry;aj msßksjka md jod< fial'uQ,dY%h( f¾reldfka pkaoúu, uydia:úr" 2008" msms' 223-224

5' zzbjiSug iSudjla we;ZZ fkdj zzbjiSug iSudjla ke;ZZ

hkak úYajdi lrkak' wd;au Yla;sh we;akï bjiSfïiSudjla ke;' ;ud n,fhka jeä jq j o ;ud bjika fka kï thienE bjiS uhs' fuys § Tn ;= < we;s wia ñudkh zuuZ hk yeÕS u&

fyj;a wd;a u oDIa áh hka k bj;a lrka k' zuuZ hk yeÕS u Tn;=< yels;dla wju lr .ekSug ù¾h orkak' túg wka whf.a ysxikhg" nek je§ug Tn fkdief,kafkysh'

6' iduh iy úkh we;s lsÍfï mrud¾:h i|yd b;d jeo.;a pß; .=Kdx.hla jYfhka bjiSu ie,fla' Tn bjis,a,

iys; mqoa.,hl= úh hq;=h' Tn m%n, mSvdldÍ wjia:djlg uqyqKfok úg Tfí Ndjhka md,kh lr .ekSug Tng yelsúhhq;= w;r ksielfhkau Tng ch ,eîug fyda hg;a msßfika

fndfyda krl m%;súmdl uÕyeÍug yels jkq we;' we;eïúgisoaêh olsk iuyr mqoa.,fhda ^±ä mSvdldÍ wjia:dfõÈ&

Tn ìh.=,a,l= f,i ols;s' Tn ms<sn| Tjqkaf.a ixcdkkh^jgyd.;a Ñ;%h& th jqj o th ksjerÈ fkdfõ' i;Hh hkqTn bjiSu m%.=K l< whl= hkakhs' Tnf.a ksy~;dj iyfldamh we;=¿ wfkl=;a Ndjhka ^m,s .ekSu hkdÈh&

md,kh lsÍu ksYaÑ; jYfhka Tn fj; iekiSu f.k tkq ,efí'wjidk ú.%yfha§ ch.%dylhd Tn fõ'

7' Tnf.a bjiSfï ;ru uek ta wkqj lghq;= lrkak' bjiSuuekSu i|yd my; o¾Ylh Ndú; lrkak'



59fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

o¾Ylh 3 ( bjiSu

whs;uh fnfyúkau tlÕ uOHia:hs tlÕ fnfyúkautlÕ fjñ fjñ fkdfjñ tlÕ fkdfõ

1' l=uk ldrKhl§ jqj o ta

ms<sn|j meñKs,s fkdlrisàug ug yelsh'

2' fndfyda ÿIalr fyda kSrifohla jqj o ls Íug isÿjqjfyd;a ta .ek lkiai¨

fkdfjñ'3' wfkla wh wmyiq;dfjka i,lk wjia:dj, § mjduu wmyiq;djgm;a fkdfjñ'

4' uf.a bjiSu i|yd iSudjla ;sfnk nj úYajdi lrñ'

5' iEu fohlau fyd| w;g

m;afõúh hkak ms<sn|úYa jdihla yd wfma CIdjla ud i;=h'

6' f,dj ÿIalr;d yd jerÈwe;s nj uu ms<s.ks ñ'

7' jvd ÿIalr jQ wjia:djla ug ms<s.; fkdyelsh'

8' wka wh ud úfõpkh lrk

úg udf.a flda mh ugmd,kh lr.; fkdyels;rïh'

9' nrm;, lreKla iïnkaOfhka jqjom,s.kakdmqoa.,fhla fkdfjñ uu'

10' bjiS u iekiSu f.k foknj uu ;rfhau úYajdilrñ'



O¾ud[S60 kdhl;ajh

Tnf.a ,l= KqlsÍfuka miqj my; i|yka j.= j wdOdr lrf.kTfí ,l= Kq m%udKh ksYa ph lr.kak' miqj fok ,o w¾:ksrEmkh

wkqj Tnf.a bjiSfï m%udKh ks Ya ph lr.kak' hï whs ;uhla i|ydzzfnfyúkau tlÕ fjñZZ hkakg ,l=Kq 5la § we;akï tu whs;uhOk p¾hdjla jYfhka ie,ls h hq;=h' tkï" th Tn úiska wkq.ukhl< hq;=h' hï whs;uhla i|yd zzfnfyúkau tlÕ fjñZZ hkakg,l=Kq 1 la § we;akï tu whs;uh RK p¾hdjla jk fyhska Tnth wkq.ukh fkdl< hq;=h' wjxlju Tnf.a ;;a;ajh Tn úiskauuek bjiSu b;d by< uÜgug m;alr .ekSug l%shd lrkak'

whs;uh fnfyúkau tlÕ uOHia :hs tlÕ fnfyúkautlÕ fjñ fjñ fkdfjñ tlÕ fkdfõ'

1' 5 4 3 2 12' 5 4 3 2 13' 5 4 3 2 14' 1 2 3 4 5

5' 5 4 3 2 16' 5 4 3 2 17' 1 2 3 4 58' 1 2 3 4 59' 5 4 3 2 110' 5 4 3 2 1

w¾: ksrEmKh ( ,l= Kq 10 - 18 } bjiSu b;d wvq hs18'1 - 26 } bjiSu wvqhs26'1 - 34 } bjiSu uOHia:hs34'1 - 42 } bjiSu by<hs42'1 - 50 } bjiSu b;d by<hs



61fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

fn!oaO cd;l isoaêh ( lms cd;lh

tl, f.dúlï l< tla nuqfKla ish m,d.sh .jhka fidhñka isák úg le,fha w;rux jQfõh' Èk .Kkla yßhg lEula fkd,enqKq nuqKdg M, we;s ÈUq,a .ila uqK .eiqKs' .ig ke..;a nuqKd ál fj,djlg miqj tysw;a;la leã uyd m%md;hlg jegqfKah' fï jkfha m,dM,nqÈñka fndaêi;ajhkajykafia j÷rl=j bm§ .uka lrk úgm%md;hg jegqKq nuqKd ±l uy;a jQ lreKdfjka b;d fj-fyi ù Tyqj f.dvg .;ay' ±äj fjfyig m;a ù isá wmuy fndai;dKkajykafia uola kskaog jkay' m%md;fhka f.dv m;a nuqKd zzuqjka fuka j÷rd o ñksiqkaf.a wdydrhls'uQ urd uia ld u. § lEug uia b;sß lrf.k hñZ hs is;dúYd, .,la f.k j÷rdf.a ysig oud .eiqfõh' .eiQ myrier jQfha ke;s fyhska uy fndai;dKkaf.a ysig ;=jd, jqjo Ôú; ydksh isÿ fkdùh' myr ier fkdjQfha Èk .Kkla yßhg lEula fkd,enQ ksid nuqKdf.a Yla;sh msßyS ;snqKqksidfjks'

uy fndai;dfKda wjÈj ;ud jf,ka f.dv .;a ñksid ;udg.,lska myr ÿka nj jgyd .;ay' fndai;dKkaf.a ysi me,Sthska reêrh .,d yef,kakg úh' ish,a, ordf.k uydlreKdfjka mõldr nuqKdg ;jÿrg;a Wojq lsÍug ;SrKh

lr uy fndai;dfKda .iska .ig f.dia ksjerÈj u. fidhd.ekSug yelsjkq msKsi nuqKdg ish .ug hdug uÕ fm-kajQy' mõldr nuqKdg ish ksjig hdug yels jqj o miqjoreKq l=Iag frda.hla je< § jir i;la thska ÿla ú| Tyqñh .sfhah' 14

Wla ; cd;l l:dfjka wm uy fnda i;dfKda f.a bjiS fï .= Kh

fudkjg meyeÈ,s fõ' wmg o fï whqßka bjiSfï .=Kh j¾Okhlr .ekSug yels úh hq;=h' th ukqIHfhl=g l< yels fohls'



O¾ud[S62 kdhl;ajh

06 mßÉfþoh

ioa.=Khka

miq.sh mßÉfþofha wjxllu iy bjiS u hk ioa .=Khka folms<sn| ie,lsh hq;= ú.%yhla bÈßm;a lrk ,È' fuu mßÉfþofha §lD;{;dj" ks y;udkS lu" .re ls Íu iy is ,a j;a lu keu;s ioa .=Khka

ú.%y flf¾'

lD;{;dj lD;{;dj hkq l<.=K ie,lSuhs' lD;fõ§;ajh" l<.=Kh

iy flf<ys.=K ie,lSu hk úl,am moj,ska o fuu ioa.=Khye¢kafõ' hï mqoa.,fhl= úiska Tng Wmldr l< úg tu mqoa.,hdgwjYH jQ úg fyda miqj Tn úiska Wmldr lrkq ,eîu lD;{;dj

hkafkka woyia fõ'1

Tng l< fyd| foag Tn Tyqg$wehg fyd|la lsÍu l<.=Khhs'

f.dä.uqfõ fidar; ia:úr" ^2008" ms' 236& g wkqj" ;uygwkHhl= l< iaj,am jQ o Wmldrh wu;l fkdfldg" Tyq ug lf<a l=ula±hslshd l< Wmldrh fkduld" th iEu l,a ysis;ays ;nd" iqÿiqwjia:djla meñKs l< ;ud o ta fjkqfjka m%;Hqmldr ls Íu" flf<ys.=K ie,lS u kï fõ' nq ÿrcdKka jyka fia úiska f,djg fmka jd fok,o m%:u wdo¾Yh ke;fyd;a .=Kh jkqfha lD;{;djhhs ^wksñif,dapk mQcdfjka - nqoaO;ajh ,eîug Wmldr l< fndaêh foi



63fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

weismsh fkdfy<d i;a i;shla n,d isàu&' 2 Wkajykafia úiska fuuioa.=Kh flfkl=f.a fuf,dj fukau mrf,dj ÈhqKqjg fya;=jk

nj jod< fial'l<.=Kh i;amqreIhl=f.a ,CIKhls' flf<ys .=K wu;l

lsÍu wi;amqreIhl=f.a ,CIKhls' flf<ys .=K ie,lSu fld;rïjeo.;a o lsjfyd;a th nqÿ" mfia nqÿ" uyry;kajykafia,d úiska o mqrk ,oaod jQ W;=ï .=Khls' Wkajykafia,df.a m%Yxidjg ,la jQioa.=Khls' flfia fj;;a" f,dalfhys w;sYh ÿ¾,N jQ tfyhskauw;Hq;a;u jQ .=K O¾ufhls flf<ys .=K ie,lSu ^f.dä.uqfõfidar; ia:úr" 2008" ms' 236&' zzoafõ fï NsCLfõ ÿ,a,fNda f,daliañx" fhdap mqínldÍ fhdap l;[aû l;fõ§ZZ 3 hkqfjka m<uqj wkHhkg Wmldr lrk ;eke;a ;d;a wkqka f.ka ,o Wmldrj,gm%;Hqmldr lsÍfuka lD;{;dj olajk ;eke;a;ka hk fofokf,dj b;d ÿ¾,N nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y ^lsru fidar;ysñ" 2000" ms' 29&'

m%:fudamldrhkñka jQ lD;{;d j¾.hla we;' m%:ufhka Wmldr lsÍu ñka woyia fõ' tkï Tng lsis lf,l lsisuWmldrhla fkdl< flkl=g Tn m<uqfjka Wmldrhla lsÍu' thb;du l,d;=rlska ±lsh yels .=Khls' iq¿ Wmldrhla lsÍuo b;djgfkah'

Tn úm;g m;a jQ úg Tng flkl= Wmldr l< yelsh' Tnghd hq;= uÕ meyeÈ,s ke;s úg flkl= meyeÈ,s uÕla lshd Èh yelsh'uqo,ska fyda wjjdo wkqYdikdj,s ka fyda fjkhï wdldr ie,ls ,sj,s ka Wmldr ,eìh yelsh' ;udg iq¿ fyda Wmldrhla l< whl=g lsisÈkl wkqmldrhla fkdl< hq;=h' Wmldr l< whl=g wk¾:hla l< flfkl= ñ;% fødaysfhls¦ mru wi;amqreIfhls' Tyq fyda wehnrm;, wmrdOldrfhls' fuf,dj;a mrf,dj;a hk fof,dju Tyq$ weh úkdYhg m;afjhs'

flf<ys .=K fkdie,lSu mdmhls' Wmldr l< whl=gúkdYhla fyda wk¾:hla isÿlsÍu uyd mjls' foudmshka iy



O¾ud[S64 kdhl;ajh

.=rejreka Tng wksjd¾hfhkau Wmldr l< md¾Yjfhdah' Tjqkaf.a Wmldr iEu l,aysu is;ays ;nd .; hq;=h' iqÿiq wjia:djla meñKs

l, ta fjkqfjka m%;Hqmldr l< hq;=h' iqÿiq wjia:dj kï ;udgWmldr l< ;eke;a;d lrorhg ,la ù isà kï th iqÿiq wjia:djla fõ' ke;fyd;a Tyq fyda weh Tnf.ka Wmldrhla b,a,d isà kïth o iqÿiq wjia:djla jkq we;'

f.dä.uqfõ fidar; ysñmdfKda 2008" ms' 247& fufia i|yka lr;s(

zzlreKd .=Kfhka fyì foudmsh .=rejrd§kg fødayslïlrkakjqkg o fuf,dj§u jqj o oreKq úmdl ,efnk neõf,dal m%jD;a;s fidhd ne¨jfyd;a uekúka iaMqg fõ' tjekakkaguqyqKmdkakg isÿ jQ oreKq úmdl .ek l,ska l, fldf;l=;a wikakg ,efí' fufia j¾;udk wd;aufha§u hï lsis l%uhlska ;udf.a l¾u Yla;sh n,j;a ùu wd§ fya;+ka ksid oreKq úmdlhla fkd,o;a urKska u;= tys úmdlh taldka;fhkau ,efnkafkauh'ZZ

Tng m%;Hqmldr jYfhka lsisjla lr lshd.; fkdyels;;a;ajhl tn we;af;ys kï ;ukag lrk ,o Woõ Wmldr isysm;a flfrñka lD;{;d .=Kh olajñka Ôj;aùu fhda.H fõ' Tnf.a lD;{;dj keue;s .=Kh fld;rï m%udKhlg weoao hkak ksYaphl< yelsh' ta i|yd my; o¾Ylh Ndú;hg .kak'



65fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

o¾Ylh 4 ( lD;{;djhwhs;uh fnfyúkau tlÕ uOHia:hs tlÕ fnfyúka u

tlÕ fjñ fjñ fkdfjñ tlÕ fkdfõ 1' uf.a foudmsfhda fofokdg

uu fndfyda i;aldrlr ;sfnkafkñ'

2' ug úfYaIfhka Wmldr l<.=rejrekag uu lsishï fydaWoõjla lr ;sfnkafkñ'

3' uf.a úfYaI .=rejreka uuisys lrñ' Tjqkag msx foñ' 4' uf.a foudmshka g uu

msx foñ'

5' ug lsishï jQ Wmldrhla l< iEu flkl= gu uujeo.;a Wmldrhla lr ;sfí'

6' lD;fõÈ;ajh ms<sn| fndfyda m%Yxid ug ,eî ;s fí'

7' lsis ÿ Wmldrhla wfmACIdfkdlr uu ie,ls h hq;=ñksiqka ixLHdjlg Woõlr ;sfnkafkñ'

8' .=K l< jqka f.a is; lsis- lf,l ßojd fkdue;af;ñ'

9' Wmldr l<jqkag uulsisÈfkl kmq rla lrfkdue;af;ñ'

10' fijk ÿka .ia iy c,hÿka <sxj,g lsisÿ kmqrla lr ke;'

,l=Kq lsÍfuka miqj my; i|yka j.=j wdOdrhg f.k Tfí,l=Kq m%udKh ksYaph lr.kak' miqj fok ,o w¾: ksrEmkhgwkqj Tnf.a lD;{;dfõ ;ru ksYaph lr.kak'



O¾ud[S66 kdhl;ajh

whs;uh fnfyúkau tlÕ uOHia:hs tlÕ fnfyúkautlÕ fjñ fjñ fkdfjñ tlÕ fkdfõ

1' 5 4 3 2 12' 5 4 3 2 13' 5 4 3 2 14' 5 4 3 2 15' 5 4 3 2 16' 5 4 3 2 17' 5 4 3 2 18' 5 4 3 2 19' 5 4 3 2 1

10' 5 4 3 2 1

w¾: ksrEmKh ( ,l= Kq 10 - 18 } fnfyúkau wlD;fõ§hs18'1 - 26 } wlD;fõ§hs26'1 - 34 } uOHia:hs34'1 - 42 } lD;fõ§hs42'1 - 50 } fnfyúkau lD;fõ§hs

Tnf.a lD;fõ§;ajh j¾Okh lr .ekSu msKsi by;o¾Ylfha iEu whs;uhlau Tng wod< úh hq;=h' iEu whs;uhlskau^whs;uh 6 yer& olajd we;af;a lD;{;dj j¾Okh lrk p¾hdjls'whs;u 6 fhka ±lafjkafka lD;{;dj ms<sìUq lrk ,CIKhls'

iq¿ jrol § flkl= lrk ,o ish¿ Woõ wu;l fkdl<hq;=h' flfkl=f.a Woõ Wmldr we;sj ;u ÈhqKqj ,nd .;af;a kïta nj mejiSug ue,s fkdúh hq;=h'

ksy;udkSluksy;udkSlu hkq WvÕ= fkdùuhs' 4 wyxldr fkdùuhs' fuu

ioa .=Kh hgy;a meje;au fyj;a ksjd; .=Kh kñka o ye¢ka fõ' úúOfya;= ksid mqoa.,fhda WvÕ= fj;s¦ wdvïnr fj;s' W.;alu" Okh"rEmh" l=,h" /ls hdj hkd§ ldrKd mokï lrf.k iuyr mq oa .,fhda wka whj fy<d ±l WvÕ= fj;s' WvÕ= fkdù ksy;udkSùu W;=ïux., lreKla f,i nqÿrcdKka jykafia ux., iQ;%fhys foaYkdl< fial' 5



67fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

j¾;udkfha§ kdhlhl= i,ld ne,Sfï§ ksy;udkSluhkqfjka woyia jkafka ;u Ôú;fha ch.%yK i|yd wka wh odhl

jQ nj ms<s.ekSfï .=Khhs' ;u Ôú; ch.%yKhka ;ud ,nd .;af;a yqfola ;udf.au lemùfuka muKla fkdjk nj;a hï hï wh ta i|yd ie,lsh hq;= f,i odhlùu lr we;s nj;a wjfndaO lr .ekS-fuka jQ ksryxldrùu ksy;udkSluhs'

ksy;udkS lfuys jeo.;alu

ksy;udkS fkdùu hkq udkh mej;Su fyj;a WvÕ= ùuhs'

udkh ke;sùu ksid ksy;udkSlu cks; fjhs' fï ksid we;sjkys;lr m%;súmdl my; rEmfhka fmkakqï flf¾'

- wkqkaf.a is;a i;= gq ùu- wkqka fldam fkdùu- wkqka ffjr fkdlsÍu

wka wh wf.a fldg - i;=rka we;s fkdùuksy;udkSlu ie,lSu iy wka wh - ñ;=rka we;s ùu

fy<d ±lSu fkdlsÍu - kE oE hkag iy wka whgm%shùu- iduhg Èß§u- jia;=j úkdY fkdùu- Ôú; úkdY fkdùu

WvÕ=ùfï m%Odk fya ;=

Okh ( Okh ksid flfkl= WvÕ= úh yelsh' 6 th w¾:iïmkako@ ke;' ulaksidoh;a Okh fjkia jk iq¿h' th lsisjl=úiska fidrd.kq ,eìh yelsh' th .skafkka fyda .xj;=frka fyda fjk;a wdmodjlska úkdY ùug bv ;sfí' ÿmam;d Okh ke;s ksidÿmamf;ls' wkd.;fha§ Tyqg $ wehg Okh ,eìh yelsh' túg tumqoa.,hd Okjf;la jkq we;' we;eï úg flkl= Okj;a ù we;af;a O¾udkql+,j yïnlsÍfuka fkdjkakg mq¿jk' we;eï úg flkl=Okj;a ù we;a f;a ;u foudms hka f.ka ,enqKqj;a lï ks id úh yels h'ienúkau Okh Wmhd we;af;a ;ud úiska O¾udkql+,j fkdfõ kïWvÕ=ùu idOdrK fkdfõ'



69fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

au iudk fkdfõo@ Tõ' rc l=,fhys ujf.a l=io" f.dú l=,fhysujf.a l=io" frdã l=,fhys ujf.a l=io u< uQ;% wmú;%fhka msreKq

ia:dkhkah' tfia kï wij,a l=,fha flkd wkal=,hl flfkl=gjvd W;=ï hehs mejiSu idjoH fõ' flfkl= Wia my;a jkafka ke;fyd;a ji,hl= jkafka is;=ú,s iy l%shd wkqj nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< fial' 8

/lshdj ( lghq;=" rdcldÍ iy j.lSï wkqj /lshdj,idfmaCIj fjkialï mj;sk nj i;Hhls' hï /lshdjla i|ydjvd Wiia wOHdmkhla jvd Wiia m<mqreoaola wjYH jk nj oi;Hhls ' .=re /ls hdj jvd Wiia /ls hdjla f,i ie,fla ' tfy;a iEu.=rejrfhlau mrudo¾YS .=rejrhl= jYfhka jev fkdlrhs' kdhl/lshdjla wkq.dñl /lshdj,g jvd Wiia f,i ie,fla' tfy;a iEu kdhlfhlau mrudo¾YS kdhlhl= o@ ke;' /lshd w;r Wia my;alï ;sîu i;Hhla jqjo ta wkqj udkh we;s lrf.k wka whfy<d ±lSu ^jeo.;alfuka wvq /lshd lrk& ksid isÿjk hym;la ke;' isÿjkafka whym;lauh' wka whf.a fldamhg B¾IHdjgiy ffjrhg ,laùug bv ;sfí' ieuúgu jvd Wiia /lshd lrkwh wvq m%udKhla jk w;r jeo.;alfuka wvq /lshd lrk whúYd, m%udKhla we;' tneúka fndfyda wh /lshdj ksid ;ud Wiiahlshd f.k isák ;eke;a;dg i;=relï l< yelsh¦ iyfhda.h ,ndfkdÈh yelsh'

WvÕ=j ke;s fldg ks y;udkslu j¾Okh lr .ka kd l%u

1' WvÕ=fõ wd§kj iy ksy;udkSlfï jeo.;alu wjfndaO lr.ekSfuka WvÕ=j ;=rka lsÍug o ksy;udkSlu we;sfldgj¾Okh lr .ekSug o ±äj wêIaGdk lr .ekSu'

2' udkh wd ú.i zudkh wdjdZ hhs ±kS jydu ksy~ùu' ksy~jlsishï i;=gqodhl fohla ms<sn| is; fhduq lsÍu'

3' i;H fiùfï l%uh Ndú; lsÍu' by; i|yka WvÕ=ùfïm%Odk fya;= ms<sn| ú.%yh wjfndaO lr.ekSfuka i;Hjgyd.ekSu'



O¾ud[S70 kdhl;ajh

4' f,dj we;s ish,a, wks;H nj jgyd .ekSu' br y| ;refmdf<dj hkdÈh fuka u Tnf.a YÍrh o fjkia fõ' fjki-

aùu iodld,sl i;Hhls' fuu iajNdjh Tn ±kf.k wjfndaOlr.;a úg kqiqÿiq f,i WvÕ= fkdjkq we;' Tn wks;a whmy;afldg wjuka fldg fkdi,lkak' jvd;a fyd¢ka wka wh weiqre lr i;=áka Ôj;a fjkak'

5' Tn ;=< my; i|yka wdl,am j¾Okh lr .ekSu'

) mqoa.,hka lsymfokl= Tjqkaf.a ld,h iy

wfkl=;a iïm;a ud fjkqfjka lemlr fkd;snqKd kï uuid¾:l;a jhg m;a ùug bv fkd;s nqKqnj uu úYa jdilrñ'

) uf.a ksmqK;djka ksid;a wka whf.a odhl;ajhka ^hg;a msßfika fouõmshka" .=rejreka hkdÈh&

ksid;a uf.a ish¨ ch.%yK uu ,nd .;af;ñ'

) ud ;=< hï hï ÿ¾j,;d we;s fyhs ka udf.a jeo.;a lums<sn| uOHia: we.hSula ug ;sfí'

) Okd;aulj uf.a Ôú;h ie,lsh hq;= f,i fjkia l< ienE .=rejrfhla fyda .=rejre ug we;'

) wka wh úiska rÑ; fmd;aj,ska iy ,smsj,ska uufndfyda foa W.;af;ñ'

) uf.a ch.%yK iïnkaOfhka uf.a foudmsfhda úYd, odhl;ajhla ,nd ÿkay'

) nqÿka jod< O¾uhkaf.ka ug úYd, rel=,la isÿúh'

ießhq;a uyry;kajykafia úiska foaYkd lrk ,o mßÈ .idhk c,hg ouk" jefgk ish,a," msßisÿ foa;a wmsßisÿ foa;a ish,a,

lsisÿ fjkila fkdlr c,h úiska .idf.k hkq ,efí' .skakgouk iqj| øjHh o ÿ.| øjHh o tl f,i .skak úiska ojd,kq



71fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

,efí' fï uy fmdf<dj úis ka ish¨u foa jákd iy fkdjákd& ordisákq ,efí' tfia kï Tn wuq;=fjka wyxldrùug fyda wuq;=fjka

l,lsÍug fyda wjYH ke;'

.re lsÍu

.re lsÍu hk ioa.=Kfhka woyia jkafka hï ksYaÑ;mqoa.,hka iy hï ksYaÑ; foa jeo.;afldg i,ld lghq;= lsÍfï.=Khhs' msÈh hq;a;kag ms§u;a msÈh hq;= foaj,aj,g ms§u;ah'9 .rel< hq;af;da jYfhka my; i|yka wh we;=<;a fõ'

1' r;ak;%h ^nqoaOr;akh" O¾ur;akh iy ix>r;akh&2' ;udf.a foudmsfhda 3' ;udf.a .=rejre4' ;udg jvd rg ±h wd.u fjkqfjka jeä odhl;ajhla

ÿka wh5' ;udg jvd .=Kfhka is,aj;alfuka jeä wh6' ;udg jvd jhfika jeä wh

ish,a,gu jvd jeäfhka .re l< hq;af;a r;ak;%hgh'ulaksido h;a th jkdys wkka; .=Kfhka hqla; ùu fyhsks' Tnf.a foudmshkag .=rejrekag .re l< hq;=h hkak wuq;=fjka lsj hq;a;la fkdfõ' th wksjd¾hfhkau l< hq;= fohls' is h úfYaI{;dj Ndú;lr lsishï jevodhl fCIa;%hl w;s úYsIag odhl;ajhla fok ,o

mqoa.,hl=g wmf.a f.!rjh ysñ úh hq;=h' Tn tfia fkdlrkafka kï th Tnf.a B¾IHdj kï jQ wioa .;s h m%o¾Ykh ls Íuls ' ke;fyd;a Tnf.a wêudkh m%o¾Ykh lsÍuls'

.re l< hq;a;kag .re lsÍu W;=ï ux., lreKla njnqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l<y' 10 .re fkdlsÍu mdmhls' thska wl=i,a /ialsÍula isÿfjhs' buy;a mdmhla jkqfha r;ak;%hg .refkdlsÍuhs'



O¾ud[S72 kdhl;ajh

.re l< hq ;= wdldrhnqÿkg .re lsÍu

) nqÿ ms<su" od.eí" fndaêh iómhg meñKs l< je£u') u,a" myka" iqj| ÿï" meka" wdydr" ±ye;a hkdÈh nqÿ ueÿf¾

mQcdikh u; iy iómfhys ms§u') mQckSh ia :dkj, mdjyka " ysia jeiqï" wv ks rej;a we÷ï hkdÈh

fkdme<|Su') mkai,a úydr ;=< § fyda wi, wfYdaNk f,i yeisÍfuka

iïmQ¾Kfhkau je<lSu'O¾uhg .re lsÍu

) O¾u .%ka: wdrCId lsÍu') O¾uh weiSug myiqlï ie,iSu') nK wik úg fyd¢ka ukdj ijka §u') nK wj{djg ,la fkdlsÍu') nK wik úg ta wjg isák ia;%S mqreI wd§ka ms<sn| l:d

fkdlsÍu" wjOdkh fhduq fkdlsÍu') nK foik wi, thg ndOdjk f,i fkdyeisÍu'

ix>r;akhg .re lsÍu) .re;r ix>hd jykafia,dg je£u') wi,g meñKs l< wdikfhka ke.sàu') ud¾.fhka bv§u') .re ire f,i l:d lsÍu') Tfí ksjig meñKs úg iqÿ msrejghla we;srE wdikhl

ys| .ekSug ie,eiaùu') hula fokúg oE;u Ndú; fldg §u') f.!rjh yd Y%oaOdj fmr±ß lr.;a joka ^iajdóka jykai"

tfyhs" wjirhs jäkak" ie;fmkak" j<|kak" hkd§& Ndú;lsÍu'



73fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

.=rejrekag .re lsÍu) ;u .=rejrekag ;ud ys| isák wiqkska ke.S isg f.!rj

lsÍu') ;u ksjig fyda ;u mßirhg meñKs l< Wmia:dk lsÍu') W.kajk úg fjk;a wkjYH fkdwod< lreKq flfrys

wjOdkh fkd±laùu') W.kajk úg mka;shg meñKSu') W.kajk úg uekúka wid isàu'

) .=rejrhd fkdue;s ;ek Tyqj $ wehj wmydihg ,la fkdlr lS¾;sh f.!rjh jeäjk f,i l:d lsÍu') wjYH ;ekays .=rejrhdj f.!rjfhka isys lsÍu') .=rejrhd bÈßfhys úkS;j l:d lsÍu iy yeisÍu' 11

foudmshkg .re lsÍu) je£u'

) Woõ lsÍu') Tjqkaf.a wjjdo ms<s.ekSu') ys; ßfok mßÈ l:d fkdlsÍu yd fkdyeisÍu') úúO lghq;=j,§ uq,a ;ek ,nd§u' 12

is,aj;alu

is,aj;alu w;sYhskau jeo.;a jQ ioa.=Khka lsysmhlska hq;a iuqÉÑ; jQ .=K iuQyhls' YS,h kñka y÷kajkafka o is,aj;aluhs'nqÿoyfï i|yka jk iS,h pdß;% YS,h wkq.ukh l< hq;= O¾u;d&yd jdß;% YS,h ^je<elaúh hq;= jerÈ& hkqfjka fldgia follgfnfoa' wkq.ukh l< hq;= pdß;% zisß;a Zkñkao wkq.ukh fkdl<hq;= jdß;%zúß;a Zkñkao ye¢kafõ'

mqoa.,hdf.a lh iy jpk fol ixjr lr .ekSu iS,fha m%Odk wruqKhs' nqÿ oyug wkqj .sysfhl= úiska /lsh hq;= iS,h jk.Dyia: YS,h mkais,a m[ap iS,h&"13 wdÔj wIagul iS,h "wg iS,h iy oi iS,h hkqfjka isõ jeoEreï fõ'



O¾ud[S74 kdhl;ajh

mkais,a hkq .syshd úiska Èkm;d /lsh hq;= iS,h fyj;a ks;H YS,h hs' wdÔj wIagul iS,h o .syshdf.a ks;H YS,h jYf-

hka iudoka úh yelsh' fuu YS,fhka lh" jpkh iy Èúmeje;au^wdÔjh& ms<sn| l%shdjka yslauùu isÿfõ' wgis,a iy oi is,a .syshdúiska fmdfyda Èkj, § iudoka úh hq;= YS,hkah' wod< YsCId moiy tys w¾:h my; i|yka fõ'

m[ap iS ,h1' mdKd;smd;d fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'

^mrmK keiSfuka je<lSfï YsCId moh iudoka fjñ'& 2' wÈkakdodkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'

^fkdÿka foh .ekSfuka je<lSfï YsCId moh iudoka fjñ'& 3' ldfïiq ñÉPdpdr fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'

^ldufhys jrojd yeisÍfuka je<lSfï YsCId moh iudoka

fjñ'& 4' uqidjdod fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'^fndre lSfuka je<lSfï YsCId moh iudoka fjñ'&

5' iqrdfïrh uÊcmud oÜGdkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'^iqrdmdkh lsÍfuka je<lSfï YsCId moh iudoka fjñ'&

wdÔj wIagul iS ,h

1' mdKd;smd;d fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'2' wÈkakdodkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'3' ldfïiq ñÉPdpdr fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'4' uqidjdo fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'5' msiqkdjdpd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'

^fla<dï lSfuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ'& 6' mreidjdpd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'

^mreI jpk lSfuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ'&



75fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

7' iïmmam,dmd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'^ysia jpk lSfuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ'&

8' ñÉPdÔjd fõruKS islaLdmox iudêhdñ'^jerÈ Èú meje;afuka je<lSfï YsCId moh iudoka fjñ'& 23

wIagdx. iS,h1' mdKd;smd;d fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'2' wÈkakdodkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ' 3' wn%yaupßhd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'4' uqidjdod fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'

5' iqrdfïrh uÊcmud oÜGdkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'6' úld, fNdackd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'

^fkd l,ays wdydr je<£fuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ'&

7' kÉp" .S;" jdÈ;" úiQl" oiaik" ud,d" .kaO" úf,amk"OdrK uKavk" úN+ikÜGdkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'

^keàfuka" .ehSfuka" jehSfuka" ne,Sfuka" weiSfuka" u,a iqj| ú,jqka ±Ífuka" tajdhska isref¾ wvq ;eka msrùfuka"iu meyem;a lsÍfuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ'&

8' WÉpdihk uydihkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'^Wia wdik fndfyda iqj f.k fok wdikj, ys£fuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ&

oi iS,h 1' mdKd;smd;d fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'2' wÈkakdodkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'3' wn%yaupßhd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'

^wn%yaupßhdfjka je<lSfï YsCId moh iudoka fjñ'&4' uqidjdod fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'5' iqrdfïrh uÊcmud oÜGdkd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'



O¾ud[S76 kdhl;ajh

6' úld, fNdackd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'7' kÉp .S; jdÈ; úiQl oiaikd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈh-

dñ' ^keàfuka" .ehSfuka" jehSfuka úiq¿ ±lSfuka je<lSfï

YsCId moh iudoka fjñ'&8' ud,d .kaO úf,amk OdrK uKa vK" úN+ikÜGdkd fõruKS

islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'^u,a" iqj|" ú,jqka ±Ífuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ'&

9' WÉpdihk uydihkd fõruKs islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'^Wia wdik" uyd iem myiq wdik mßyrKh lsÍfuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka fjñ'&

10' cd; rEm rc; má.a.yKd fõruKS islaLdmox iudÈhdñ'^rka" ß§" ñ, uqo,a" ms<s.ekSfuka je<lSfï YsCIdmoh iudoka

fjñ'&

by; O¾u;d fyj;a m%;sm;a;s /lSfuka mqoa.,hl= b;dhym;a mqoa.,hl= njg wksjd¾hfhkau m;afjhs' wgis,a fyda oiis,a iudoka ù tla Èkla .; lsÍu wd¾h jQ ry;ka jykafia,df.a yeisÍug iudk jQ yeisÍuls' thska b;d Wiia yslaóula we;sfõ'is,aj;a mqoa.,hd uq¿uy;a iudchgu wdYS¾jdohls' Tyq $ wehf.ka hym;lau ;udg;a wkqkag;a" uq¿ uy;a iudchg;a isÿfõ' is,aj;a mqoa.,hd ;=< ielh" ìh iy fkdi;=g fkdmj;shs' Tyqf.a $ wehf.a fuf,dj fukau mrf,djo hym;a jkq we;'



77fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

07 mßÉfþoh

whym;a pß;h ( wioa.;s

wioa.;sh hk moh zwioa.=KhZ hk mohg úl,am jpkhls'wioa.;sh hk moh fuys,d jvd WÑ; moh jYfhka ie,fla' ulak-

sido h;a krl mqreoaol .=Khla fkdue;s fyhsks' ;udg;a wka whg;a whym;la jk .;s ,CIKhls wioa .;s h' my; i|yka wioa .;s ms<sn|ú.%yhla Tng bÈßm;a flf¾'

1' B¾IHdj (Jealousy / Envy)

2' udhdj (Delusion / Jugglery)

3' w;%sÉc;d (Desire for things belonging to others)

4' uysÉc;d (Over desire)

5' fldamh (Anger) 1

fuu mßÉfþofhka zfldamhZ yer wfkl=;a wioa.;s ú.%yflf¾' hym;a pß;hla i|yd fuu wioa.;s bj;a l< hq;=h' Tn ;=<fkdue;s úh hq;=h' hym;a pß;h hym;a kdhl;a jh i|yd w;HjYHh'tfyhska ish¿ wioa.;s uq,ska Wmqgd ±ñh hq;=h' iyuq,ska úkdYlsÍu m%dfhda.slj b;d ÿIalr ld¾hhls' tfy;a Tn tfia l< hq;=h'hg;a msßfika ish¿ wioa .;s Tn ;= < wju l< hq;= h' Tnf.a b,la lh

úh hq;af;a tajd uq,ska Wmqgd ±óuhs' tys,d Tn wjxlju W;aidy±ßh hq;=h'



O¾ud[S78 kdhl;ajh

B¾IHdj

B¾IHdj hkq ;ud yd idfmaCIj n,k úg ;udg jvd Wiia"by< wh ms<sn|j we;s jk RKd;a ul yeÕS uls ' fuu yeÕS u ke;fyd;a Ndjh wksjd¾hfhkau wioa.;shla jYfhka i,lk w;r zl=vqflavqlsÍuZ" zbiaidZ iy zwiQhdjZ hk úl,am moj,ska o ye¢kafõ' úúOwxY fyda me;sj,ska ;udg jvd wka wh Wiia fyda by< ùug mq¿jk'wOHdmkh" /lshdj" iudc ;;a ;a jh" ld¾hM, lrk ,o jev m% udKhiy tys .=K;ajh&" rEmh" Okh hkdÈfhka wka wh Wiia jk úgB¾IHdj we;s mqoa.,hd ;=< wlue;a;la wikaf;daIhla we;s fjhs'we;eïúg fuu wlue;a; b;d ±ä m%udKhlska hqla; úh yelsh'

f¾reldfka pJoúu, uydkdysñ ^2008" ms' 53& flf,ia tlaoyia mkaishh keue;s .%ka:fhys B¾IHdj .ek my; ye¢kaùulr;s'

zzB¾IHdj we;shyqf.a leue;a; wkqkaf.a iïm;a;sh ke;slsÍugh' tfia fkdl< yels l,ays tys fodila n,d iekfihs' Tyqwkqkaf.a ,iaik we÷fuys fodila olS' ,iaik isrefrys fodila olS'wkH jia;+ka ys o tfiau fodia n,d tajdfha fodia .ek l:d fldgiekfihs' Tyq wkqkaf.a f.h" wkqkaf.a jdykh" wkqkaf.a j;a;"l=Uqr" wkqkaf.a /lshdj" ;k;=r ljod fyda ke;s fõ fodahs n,d isà'ke;s jQ úfgl buy;a i;=gla ,nhs'ZZ 2

B¾IHdj yg.kafka l=ula ksido@ wka whf.a ÈhqKqj ±lSu

iy idfmaCIlj ;udf.a fkdÈhqKqùu ksid we;sjk ySk udkhhs'



79fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

wksldf.a ÈhqKq uÜgug iudk uÜgulska ;uka ÈhqKqùug;sfnk wdidj ke;fyd;a wksld wNsnjdhEfï wdYdj B¾IHdjgfya;= fõ' ;udg idfmaCIj wka wh iïnkaO we;sjk ÈhqKqj úúOwdldrfhka isÿfõ' m%Odk wdldr my; ±lafõ'

1' ;udg fkdue;s úfYa I wOHdmkhla fjk;a mqoa .,hl= ,nd.ekSu ^WodyrKh ( Tng Wmdêhla ke;súg wfkla mqoa.,hd

úiska Wmdêhla ,nd .ekSu&'

2' ;udg jvd jeä Okhla ^foam<" j;=msá" hdk jdyk& wks;a mqoa.,hdg ;sîu'

3' ;udg ke;s ikaf;daIhla wks;a mqoa.,hd N=la;s ú£u'

4' ;udg jvd Wiia jQ /lshdjla jegqfmka jeä" ks, kdufhka jeä" f.!rjfhka jeä hkdÈ& wks;a mqoa.,hd lsÍu'

5' ;udg jvd jeä ckm% sh;a jhla f.!rjdorhla wks;a mqoa .,hdgiudcfhka ,eîu'

6' ;udg jvd ,iaik rEmhla wks;a mqoa.,hdg ;sîu'

wka whf.a ÈhqKqj

ixikaokh ;=<ska

we;sjk ySkudkh^;ud ms<sn| wvq ;la-fiarej&

;udf.a ÈhqKqj

B¾IHdj



O¾ud[S80 kdhl;ajh

7' ;ud úiska W;a idyh orkq ,enQ tfy;a fkd,enQ fohla Wiia ùula" úNd. iu;aùula& wks;a mqoa.,hdg ,eîu ke;fyd;a

;ud wiu;a ù wksld iu;a ùu'8' ;ud fkdokakd ;ud <Õ ke;s mqoa.,hka ms<sn| j¾Kkd

lrhs' tfia lrkqfha ;udf.a B¾IHdj fhduqjk mqoa.,hdbÈßfhah' tu mqoa.,hdf.a ys; ßfok whqßka fyda Tyq $wehf.a ksmqK;dj yd odhl;a jh wj;la fia rejlg ,la lsÍfïwoyiskah'

we;fula ^jvd ÈhqKq jQ& ;u /lshdjg" iudc ;;a;ajhg;fjl= jvd ÈhqKq ke;s& meñfKkjdg leu;s ke;' ta i|yd o TjQyqB¾IHd lr;s' fuh tla;rd wdldrhlg udkisl frda.hls' B¾IHdjiys; mqoa.,hd jákd hula fyda hfula foi RKd;aulj olshs' iq¿fyda wvqmdvqjla fidhd th biau;= fldg ;ud ;=< jQ mSvdj B¾IHdjksid jQ& iukh lsÍug W;aidy flf¾' flkl=f.a ish,a, iïmQ¾Kjqj;a kyh fyda weo hhs mjikq ,efí'

B¾IHdj ks id is ÿjk whym;B¾IHdj ksid lsisÿ hym;la isÿ fkdfõ' flfkl= ms<sn|j

wjê isoaêh ( 7-1uõjre foofkl= w;r we;s jQ fonils my; ±lafjkafka'm%:u uj ;=< B¾IHdj mj;sk nj Tng wjfndaO fõ'

m%:u uj ( zzThdf.a mq;d úNd.fhka iu;ao@ZZfojk uj ( zzTõ wfka' fld,a,d fyd|gu mdiaZZ

m%:u uj ( zzwd' ' ' ' we;a;o@ iïudk lSho@ZZ

fojk uj ( zzúYsIag iïudk 7 hs' iïudk 1 hs'ZZ

m%:u uj ( zzuf.a kx.sf.a mq;dg úYsIag iïudk8 lau ;sfhkjd wfka'ZZ



81fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

Tn ;=< B¾IHdjla ygf.k we;af;a kï wksjd¾hfhkau Tn ÿla ú¢ka fkys ' ulaks ido h;a Tn i;=áka fkdisák ksidh' wka mqoa .,hd

.ek is;Sug" Wml,amkh lsÍug ld,hla iy Y%uhla jehfõ' tfia uTnf.a reêrh iy fjk;a wjhjj,g ydkshla f.k §ug bv ;sfí'Tn ;=< ±ä wiykhla mrdð; njla we;sfõ'

Tng B¾IHdj ord .ekSug fkdyels jqjfyd;a wod<mqoa.,hdf.a ÈhqKqjg ndOd lsÍug wlghq;=lï lsÍug Tn fm<öugbv ;sfí' fï ksid Tnf.a Okh o msßfya' Tnf.a B¾IHdj wka whgm%o¾Ykh ùfuka wka whf.a .erySug yd Wiq¿ úiq¿j,g ,laùug

bv we;' wod< mqoa.,hd Tnf.a B¾IHdj yd th lrk fldgf.kwe;sjk l% shdldrlï ±k .ekS fuka Tyq$ weh ;=< flda mh yd ffjrhwe;s ùug bv ;sfí ^tu mqoa.,hd ;=< hym;a pß;hla úfYaIfhka bjisu" ksy;udks;ajh hkdÈh ke;skï&'

B¾IHdj ksid mßjdr iïm;a ;sh msßi tl;= ùu& wysñjk njnqÿrcdKka jyka fia úiska foa Ykd l< fia l' urKfhka miqB¾IHdjiys; mqoa.,hd ÿ.;shl bmfokafka fkdue;sj ukqIH f,dalfha bmÿk fyd;a ^fjk;a msx ksid& Tyq $ weh w,afmaYdlH jkafkah' 3

wjê isoaêh ( 7-2B ;=< B¾IHdj we;s nj Tng jegfykq we;'

mqoa.,hdA ( zzfï n,kak''' Y f.a w¿;au fmd;'ZZ

mqoa.,hdB ( zzflda n,kak fokak'ZZ

mqoa.,hdA ( zzn,kak''' fldÉpr jákjdo@ fïwxYfhka ,sh,d ;shk ,xldfõ

m<fjks fmd;'ZZ

mqoa.,hdB ( zzta Wkdg isxyf,kafk ,sh,d;sfhkafka' bx.%Sisfhka ,sõjd kï;ud fydo@ZZ



O¾ud[S82 kdhl;ajh

we;efula B¾IHdj ;ud ;=< muKla ;nd f.k ordf.kwks;a mqoa.,hdg ydksjk l%shdud¾.j, ksr; fkdfj;s' we;efula

tfia fkdfj;s' we;efula ;u {d;shl= ÈhqKq jk úg B¾IHd lr;s'fndfyda úg {d;Ska w;r tkï ;udf.a <Õ kEhka ke;akï tlumka;sfha fyda jD;a;sfha ksr; wh w;r jvd ÈhqKq mqoa.,hd ms<sn|B¾IHdj we;s fõ' jvd ÈhqKq mqoa.,hd l,lsÍ ^B¾IHdldr lghq;=ksid& wdh;kfhka" ;k;=frka b,a,d wiaù bj;a ù hdug bv we;'úYd, m%fhdackj;a odhl;ajhla wdh;khg mqoa.,hkg wysñ ùhdug bv ;sfí'

B¾IHdj wju lr.ekSu fyda ;= rka ls ÍuB¾IHdj Tn ;=<ska iïmQ¾Kfhkau uq,ska Wmqgd ±óu l<

yelsh' hg;a msßfika th wju l< hq;=h' ta i|yd my; l%shdud¾.wkq.ukh lsÍu uekú'

1' B¾IHdfjka ;udg isÿjk ydks wjfndaO lr f.k th

;=rka lsÍug ±äj bgd .ekSu'2' wka flkl=f.a ÈhqKqj ksid tu mqoa.,hd jev lrk

wdh;khg o rgg o jdishla we;s fjhs' ta .ek is;d ;udf.a wioa.;sh ke;s lr .ekSug W;aidy lsÍu'

3' ;udg jvd Èhq KqjQ mqoa .,hdf.ka Tng Wmfoia ,nd .;yelsh' ta wkqj Tng o ÈhqKq ùug mq¿jk' WodyrKhla jYfhka

Tng jvd W.;a mqoa.,fhla kï tu mqoa.,hdf.ka Wmfoia ,ndf.k wjYH wOHdmkh ,nd .ekSug Tng l%shd lsÍug mq¿jk'

4' ;udg jvd Wiia úfYaIfhka Okfhka by< flkl=f.ka Tng Woõjla wjYH jQ úg Woõ lsÍug bv we;' WodyrKhla

jYfhka Tnf.a wi,a jeis hdg kùk fuda g¾ r:hla we;a kï^Tng ke;akï& Tng yÈisfhau wikSm jQ úg Tyq ish

r:fhka Tnj frday, lrd blaukska f.k hdug mq¿jk' ke;skïTng Tyqf.ka Woõjla ,efíú hk wfmaCIdj we;s lr.ekSfuka lsishï iekis,a,la Tn ;=< we;s fjhs' th



O¾ud[S84 kdhl;ajh

w;r we;s fm% a uh j¾Okh lr .ekS u;a " mjq,la hkq fofokdf.ka iuka ú; ta llhla nj;a tu ta llfha tla yjq,a lrefjl= f.a ÈhqKqj

ksid wks;a yjq,a lreo wks jd¾hfhka u jdis ,nk nj;a jgyd .ekS uw;HjYHh'

.=rejrhd f.da,hdg B¾IHd lsÍu o olakg ,efí' fï i|ydfya;= jYfhka ;udg uq,ska ;snQ .=re f.!rjh miqj ke;sfõ hhsis;Su" ;udg f.da,hd lSlre fkdùug bv ;sîu iy fofokd iu;;a;ajhg we;eï úg ;udg jvd ÈhqKqfõ hhs l,amkd lsÍu i|yka l< yelsh' f.da,hd ms<s.;a;;a ke;;a f.da,hdf.a ÈhqKqj i|yd.=rejrhd ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla § we;s nj i;Hhls' th uld,shfkdyels lreKls' tfiau f.da,hdf.a ÈhqKqfjka .uH jkqfha o.=rejrhdf.a tla;rd ksmqK;djls ^udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh&' tfia kï f.da,hdf.a ÈhqKqj bjid ord .ekSug iy ta i|yd wdYS¾jdolsÍug .=rejrhd l%shd l< hq;=h' f.da,hdo .=rejrhdj wdo¾Y fldgf.k jvd ÈhqKq ùug W;aidy ±Íu idOdrKh' tfia kï Tnf.a f.da,hdg Tn B¾IHd lsÍu w¾:odhl fkdj wk¾:odhl fõ'

f.da,hd .=rejrhdg B¾IHd lsÍu o olakg ,efnk úfYaIB¾IHd j¾.hls' fuys,d f.da,hdg Woõ ls Íu B¾IHdj iukh lsÍugl% shd ud¾.hla úh yels h' tfia u .=rejrhd úis ka f.da ,hdg wkq lïmdfldg bjiSuo jeo.;a l%shd ud¾.hls'

udhdjudhdj jQ l,S wka whj /jàuhs" uq,d lsÍuhs" wka wh

bÈßfha jHdc fjia .ekSuhs" ujd fmkaùuhs' mõlï fldg tajdiÕjk iajNdjh jQ l,S udhdjhs' ieneúkau ÿis,aj;a flfkl= uy-ckhd ke;fyd;a wkq.dñlhka bÈßfha is,ajf;l= fuka fmkS isàuudhdj kñka ye¢kafõ' ieneúkau mqoa.,hdg we;af;a whym;a iajNdjhls' tfy;a f,dalhd yuqfõ hym;a iajNdjhka fmkakqïlrkq ,efí' th udhdjhs'

úúO mqoa.,fhda úúO udhdj, ksr; fj;s' fuh j¾;udkfha ola kg ,efnk ÿ,N ixis oa êhla fkdfõ' udhd wjia :d ls ysmhla my;±lafõ'



85fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

^w& hula ieneúkau fidrdf.k m%isoaêfha tu fidrlu we,a,Sui|yd l%shd lsÍu'

^wd& flfkl= >d;kh fldg >d;lhd we,a,Sug Woõ lsÍu ydwjuÕ=,g iïnkaO ùu'

^we& fm!oa .,s lj hï mq oa .,hl= fyda lKa vdhula ms<sn| ±äj oa fõYiy.;j úfõpkh fldg wod< mq oa .,hd fyda lKavdhu fyda bÈßfha j¾Kkd lsÍu'

^wE& hula ms<sn| ;udf.a fm!oa.,sl u;h iÕjd jeä msßila ke;fyd;a msßi weiSug m%shlrk foa m%isoaêfha l:d lsÍu'

^b& ieneúkau úúO jerÈ lr tajd jid .ekSu i|yd wd.ñllghq;=j,g iïnkaOùu" fjfyr úydr hkdÈhg øjHuhjYfhka Woõ lsÍu'

^B& ÿiaiS, meúoaol= uyd is,aj;a meúoaol= fuka uyckhd bÈßfha fmkS isàu'^W& hï jeo.;a ld¾hhla i|yd fm!oa.,s lj lsis ÿ jevla fkdlr

ke;fyd;a yels;dla th wid¾:l ùug lghq;= lr m%isoaêfha ^tu ld¾hh id¾:l jQ miq& th w.h lsÍu" iyfhda.h ÿka nj fmkaùu'

^W!& ieneúkau W.;l= fkdù ^ms<s.;a wOHdmkhla ksufldgiy;sl ,nd .ekSfuka f;drj& W.;l= f,i ujd fmkaùu'

^t& ieneúka u f;rejka irK fkdhk kuq ;a m%isoa êfha ix>hdjykafia,dg nqÿ ms<suhkag jkaokd lsÍu ^f,dalhdg

fmfkk fia&'^ta& háka i;=relï fldg Wäka ñ;=relï lsÍu'

fï wkqj udhdj wioa.=Khla $ wioa.;shla jk w;r thla f,aIhls ' Tn ;=< ke;s ioa.=Khla we;af;ys hhs mejiSu ke;fyd;a yeisÍu n,j;a mdmhls' tla w;lska jxpdjla lrkafkls' wfkla w;g Tng Tnf.a yDoh idCIshg mgyeksj lghq;= lsÍug isÿfõ'hï ojil udhdj fy<s jqjfyd;a todg Tyqg $ wehg úúO ydkslr;;a;ajhkag wlr;eínhkag uqyqK §ug isÿjkq we;' iuyr úg.erySï" wjkïnq lsÍï" myr§ïj,g mjd ,laùug bv ;sfí'



O¾ud[S86 kdhl;ajh

we;uqka udhd wioa.;sfhka fmf<kafkda jkafka wehs@ fïi|yd m%Odk fya;= lsysmhls'

1' ,dN ,eîu yd i;aldr'2' .re;ajh ,nd .ekSu'3' jerÈj,ska uqjd ùu'4' ckm%sh;ajh ,nd .ekSu'5' ;Kaydj'

Tn ;=< udhdj keue;s wioa.;sh fkd;sìh hq;=h' Tn l%shdl< hq;af;a ienE kdhlhl= ùug ñi jHdc kdhlhl= ùug fkdfõ'udhdj ljod fyda fy<s jk nj o; hq ;=h' wfkla w;g Tnf.a ujdmEïwLKavj mj;ajdf.k hdug" fndre lSug mjd isÿfõ' mõ rdYshlgTng ysñlï lSug isÿfõ'

fn!oaO cd;l isoaêh

w;S;fha tla .ula weiqre lrñka l+g ;jqfila úiSh' Tyqf.a bßhõ ±l Tyq flfrys meyeÿKq .ï jeisfhla Tyqg jkfhysmkai,la idod § tys jdih lrjd ;udf.a f.ysu Tyqg m%KS;fNdackfhka Wmia:dk lf<ah' fï jeishd l+g ;dmihd uydis,ajf;lehs is;d ;ud fj; ;=nQ rkaldis ishhla wdrCIdji|yd l+g ;jqidf.a wimqjg f.k f.dia fmdf<dfjys j<,d

zziajdóks" fuh n,d.kakhZZ hs lSh' zzmskaj;" meúoaokag fu-jeks lreKq lSu kqiqÿiqh' wmg wka i;= jia;=fjys f,daNhla ke;hZZ hs ;jqid lSh'



87fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

.ï jeishd zztfiah iajdóksZZ hs lshd Tyqf.a lSu úYajdifldg fmr<d .sfhah' Èk lSmhlg miq l+g ;jqid zzug

jQfha .c jdisfhl" fï uqo, ug iemfia Ôj;ajkakgiEfykafkahZZhs ìu leK rkaldis ishh f.k jkfha wka ;ekl iÕjd tÈk mkai,g ù isg miq Èk .ï jeishdf.a ksjig f.dia Tyq ms<sfh, lr ;=nQ m%KS; fNdackh nv mqrdj<|d odhlhdg l:d fldg" zzms kaj;" wm Tn ks id fnda l,la jdih lr we;af;ah' jeä l,a tla ;ek úiSu meúoaokagkqiqÿiqh' tfia úiSfuka .syshka yd nkaOkhla jkafkah' th

meúoaog ls¨fgl' tneúka uu wka ;eklg fhñZZ hs lSh'.ï jeishd fkd hk f,i kej; kej; hd{d l< kuq;a ;jqid th m%;sfCIam lf<ah' tl,ays .ïjeishd ;jqid msg;a fldg .ï fodr olajd miq .uka fldg fmr<d wdfhah' l+g;jqid u|la ÿr f.dia .ï jeishd jeäÿrg;a rjgkakg is;dcgdfjys ;Km;la r|jd f.k ta ksjig kej; o wdfhah'.ï jeishd ;jqid ±l zziajdóks" l=ug fmr<d jevu l<

fiala±ZZ hs weiQ l,ays zzmskaj;" Tnf.a ksjfia msheiafika tla ;Km;la udf.a cgdfjys /£ ;snqfKah' iq¿ jQ o wka i;= fohla f.k hdu meúoaokag kqiqÿiq neúka th f.kwdñZZ hs lSh' .ïjeishd zziajdóks" ;Km; úis lr hkquekjeZZhs lshd udf.a ;dmihka jykafia ;Km;la muKjQo" wkai;= jia;=jla fkd .ks;shs jvd;a meye§ je| ;jqidmsg;a lf<Ah'

fndai;dKka jykafia nvq fiùu msKsi m%;Hka;hg .shdyqtÈk ta f.hs kjd;eka f.k isáhy' Wkajykafia ta l%shdj±l iel is;S zzhy¿j" Tn fï ;jqid fj; lsis Okhla ;ndwe;af;a±Z hs wid tfiah hs lS l,ays jyd f.dia úuikakh hslSy' .ïjeishd jyd f.dia n,d rka ldis ishh fkd ±l jydwjq;a ta nj fnda i;dKkag lSh' tl,a ys fndai;dfKda zzTnf.a

uqo,a .;af;a wksll= fkdj fï l+g ;jqiduh' jyd f.dia



O¾ud[S88 kdhl;ajh

w;%sÉc;dw;%sÉc;d hkq ,o fohska i;=gq fkdjk ;udg we;s fohg

jvd wkqka fj; we;s foh fyd|h is;d wkqka wh;a fohg we¨ïlrk iajNdjhhs ^f¾reldfka pkaoúu, uydkdysñ" 2008" ms' 24&'w;%sÉc;d laf,aIh we;s mqoa.,hdg ;udg we;s foh fkdjákafkah'wka wh i;= foa jákafkah' we;eï úg ;udg wh;a foa jvd jákdúh yelsh' wkqkag wh;a foa t;rï fkdjákd úh yelsh' tfy;a w;%sÉc;dj we;s mqoa.,hd ;udg wh;a foag jvd fkdjákd wkqkagwh;a foa g wdYd lrhs ' fuh mdmhls ' fuhs ka lsisÿ iq.;s hla mqoa .,hdgfkd,efí' ,efnkafka ÿluh' i;=g <Õd fkdùuh'

Tyq w,a,d f.fkjqZZ h hs .ïjeishka le|jd f.k ¨yqne+|f.dia ;jqid w,a,d ;jqidg w;ska mhska ;<d rka ldis ,nd.;ay' fndai;dfKda u;= tn÷ mõlï fkd lrk f,i wjjdofldg ;dmihd msg;a l<y' udhdldrfhda ta l+g ;jqid jeka-fkdah'

uQ,dY%h ( f¾reldfka pJoúu, uydkdysñ" 2007" msms' 57-59'

wjê isoaêh ( 7-3

X jD;a;slfhls' Tyqg .=Kj;a m%shlre ìß|la we;' tfy;a Tyq fjk;a ia;%shlf.a rEu;a njg ±ä f,i wdid ù weh ,nd.ekSug lghq;= lrkafkah' .=Kj;a ìß| ish ieñhdg ffjrfkdlr Tyqf.a i;=g m;d weh ksjfika msgù meúÈNdjhgm;ajkakSh' ,nd .ekSug fjr ±rE rEu;a ia;%sh o Tyqg ,nd.ekSug fkdyels úh' wjidkfha§ Tyqg ish hym;a ìß| owysñ úh'



89fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

by; isoaê foflkau Tng wjfndaO úh hq;= jeo.;a lreKla ;sfí' tkï ,o fohs ka i;= gqfkdù ;udg we;s fohg jvd wkq ka fj;we;s foh fyd|hs is;d thg we¨ï lsÍfuka ;udg ;snQ fohla wysñùug fndfyda bvm%ia:dj we;s njhs' ;udg Wreu jQ foh my;afldgi,ld wkqkag wh;a foaj,g wdYd lsÍu ksid fuf,dúka muKla fkdj mrf,dúka o msßfykafkah ^f.dä.uqfõ fidar; ysñ" 2008"ms' 224&'

fuu ÿIa.;s wju lsÍu fyda ke;s lsÍu i|yd mqoa.,hd;=< ,o fohska i;=gqùu keue;s Wiia .=KO¾uh we;s l< hq;=h'zzika;=ÜÀ;dZZ6 kñka o fuu .=Kh ye¢kafõ' fuu .=Kh ish¨iemhg fya;=jk fyhska W;=ï jQ ux., lreKla f,i nqÿrcdKka

jykafia ux., iQ;%fhys jod< fial'7

uysÉc;dfldf;la ,o;a fldf;la ;snqK;a iEySug m;a fkdù ;j

;j;a fidhk uyd f,daNh uysÉc;d kï fõ ^f¾reldfka pJoúu,uydkdysñ" 2007" ms' 25&' laf,aIhla jk fuh uyd lEorluls¦ ±ä.scqluls' uysÉc;dj we;s mqoa.,hdf.a wdYdjkaj, ksula fldkla

ke;' fl;rï ,enqK;a iEySulg m;a fkdfjhs' ;Dma;su;a fkd-fjhs' 8 Èjd ? fkdn,d ;j ;j;a uqo,a" bvlvï" ksjdi" hdk jdyk"

wjê isoaêh ( 7-4

fyd| ;;a;ajfha fudag¾ r:hla Y keue;a;d ysñlr f.kisáfhah' Èkla Tyq ish r:h mojdf.k hk w;r;=r r:hgbÈßfhka hk fudag¾ r:h ms<sn| ±ä wdYdjla we;s úh' tufudag¾ r:h kùk fudag¾ r:hls' we;s jQ ±ä wdYdj ksidtaaa .ek is;ñka .uka lsÍfuka Tyqf.a r:h wk;=rlg ,la ùish r:hg nrm;, f,i ydks isÿúh' is h Ôú;h fírd.;a f;a hdka;ñks'



O¾ud[S90 kdhl;ajh

we÷ï" me<÷ï" nvq uqÜgq yïn lrhs' fndfyda úg ;sfnk jia;=fjka o m%fhdackhla fkdf.k Tyq $ weh wjidkfha§ ñh mrf,dj hhs' 9

;udg jevla ke;s wka whg o jevla ke;s mqoa.,hl= fia ish wjika .uk fï Ôú;fha& hhs' fndfyda úg ñh hEfuka miqj jia;= foam<wdYdfjka fm%a;;ajhg meñfKa'

mßfNdackh ms<sn| uysÉc;dj we;s mqoa.,hd muK blaujd,efnk ish,a, ld î frda.S njg m;a fjhs' isf;ka fukau .f;ka o frda.S ù ñh mrf,dj hhs'

uyd f,da Nh mqoa .,hd ;= < we;s jk uyd .s ka kls ' is h wdYdjka iajNdjfhka iy m%udKfhka wiSñ; ù tajd lsis lf,l ;Dma;su;a lr .ekSug yelshdjla we;s fkdfõ' l< hq;= fyd|u m%;sl¾uhjkqfha ,o fohska i;=gqùfï .=Kh jvd,Suhs' iSudiys; jQ wdYdjka we;slr .ekSu;a ;sfnk jia;+ka f.ka ;Dma;su;a ùu;a isÿl< hq;=h'È<s÷lu hkq jia ;=j ia j,a mhla ;sîu u fkdfõ' È<s ÷lu hkq wkqka f.ka b,a,Su fyj;a isÕd lEuhs' wka whf.ka fkdhemS" Tn i;=j we;sjia;=fjka Tng hemsh yels kï hïlsis mskla oyula lr.; yelskï th m%udKj;a jk nj fkdlsjukdh'

ó<Õ mßÉfþofhka ú.%y lrkqfha fldamh keue;swioa.;shhs' th fnfyúkau wys;lr ÿisß;ls'



91fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

08 mßÉfþoh

fldamh l<ukdlrKh

fldamh hkafkka woyia jkafka kdhlhd ;=< we;sjkwúkS; úkdYodhl Ñ;a; fõ.hls' úkdYldÍ ;;a ;ajhkag odhljkwioa.;shls' z;ryZ" zWoyiZ iy zlsmSuZ hk mohka fldamh i|ydNdú; jk úl,am mo fõ'

kSfrda .SidudkH mqoa .,hl= g flda mùu is ÿfjhs ' iEu mqoa .,hl=;=<u fldamh keue;s Ndjh we;' th mqoa.,hdg md,kh lr .;fkdyels jqjfyd;a th ndysrj cks; ù jHdma; ù Tyq $ wehg fukauwka whg o wys;lr n,mEï bÈßm;a lrhs' we;eï úg b;d wys;lrn,mEï bÈßm;a lrhs' kSfrda.S úfYaI mqoa.,hd fldamh uekúka l<ukdlrKh lr .kshs'

fldamh iïnkaO my; i|yka ,CIK bÈßm;a l< yelsh'

1' idudkH kSfrda.S mqoa.,hl= ;=< fldamh keue;s Ndjhwe;'

2' fldamùu idudkH ñksia .;shls'

3' ;udg fukau wka whg wys;lr m%;sM, we;sjk fyhska th wioa.;shla f,i ye¢kafõ'



O¾ud[S92 kdhl;ajh

4' wka whg wjdisodhl m%;sM, hï mqoa.,hl=f.a fldamhksid we;s fkdjqkfyd;a tu mqoa.,hdg th wjdisodhl

jk fyhska th RKd;aul Ndjhla fyj;a wys;lrWoafõ.hls'

5' fldam ù fkdisàu yd th uekúka l<ukdlrKhlsÍu úfYaI ñksia .;shls'

o< jYfhka fldamh l<ukdlrKh lsÍu hkafkka woyia jkafka kdhlfhl=f.a mrud¾: bgqlr.ekSu msKsi ish fldamh

md,kh lr .ekSuhs' lghq;= lsÍfï§ fldamh we;s fkdjk mßÈl< hq;= foa lsÍu;a fldamh hï f,ilska we;s jqjfyd;a th iukhlr .ekSu msKsi lghq;= lsÍu;a fldamh l<ukdlrKhg wod< fõ'fldamh l<ukdlrKh lsÍfuka wfmaCId lrkqfha yels;dla ÿrgfldamh bj;a lsÍuhs'

fldamh l<ukdlrKfhys jeo.;alu

wdpd¾h lsßkaf|a Y%S Oïudkkao kdysñmdfKda ishzzÿla ìhke;s Ôú;hZZ keue;s .%ka:fha ^2007" ms' 56& fldamh yßhgu wfma weia uo fõ,djlg ks,xldr lrñka t,a,jk ier wdf,dal Odrdjla nj;a" thska wfma weia ks,xldr jqKq úg wmg ;djld,slj yßhgfkdfmkS hk nj;a" fldamh wd úg wm wkaO ù widOdrK f,il%shd lsÍug mgka .kakd nj;a iy md,kh fldg .; fkdyelsfldamh ksid buy;a ldhsl yd udkisl mSvd we;s jk nj;a

wjOdrKh lr;s'flda mdúIaG kdhlhl= ;sßikl= fuka yeisßh yelsh' wmydi

lsÍu" wiNH jpkfhka nek je§u" myr §u hkd§ wys;lr l%shdjka isÿùug bv ;sfí' tfia isÿ jqjfyd;a kdhlhd w;ska Ôú; yd foam<mjd úkdY ùug bv ;sfí' kdhlfhl=f.a fldamh wkq.dñlhkaf.a fldamh we;s l< yelsh' wkq.dñlhkaf.a fldamh yd kdhlhdf.a fldamh .eàfuka wkfmaCIs; b;d wys;lr úmdlj,g uqyqK§ugisÿúh yelsh'



93fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

;on, fldamh we;s jq úg we;eï ñksiaiq r¿ jpk l:dlr;s' o~quq.=re w;g .ks;s' .=áneg yqjudre lr .ks;s' foam< úkdY

lr;s' wêl fldamh ñksid fkdñksil= lrhs' Tyq fyda weh if;l=f,i yeisfrhs' ish ñksialu iy wka whf.a ukqIH;ajh wu;llrhs' ;sßifkl= f,i fyda ñf,aÉPhl= f,i l%shdlsÍfuka jákdfoam<j,g jákd ñksia Ôú;j,g iy jákd i;a;aj Ôú;j,g ydksmeñK úh yelsh' tfiau ;u Ôú;h o ke;slr .; yelsh' my;i|yka isoaêh lshjd wjfndaO lr.kak'

wjê isoaêh 8-1 ( mq;d iy mshd

msfhla ish kùk fudag¾ r:h ms ßisÿ lrñka isáfha h' Tyqf.a isõ yeúßÈ mq;d ldrh <Õg weú;a .,a leghla wiq,d thska ldrfha fndäfha hula ,sõfõh' wêl f,i lsmqKq mshdTyqf.a w;g wiqjk fohska ish orejdf.a w;g lsysmjrlaumyr ÿkafkah' ál fõ,djlska mshdg wjfndaO jQfha ;udorejdg myr § we;af;a fudag¾ r:fha gh¾ .e,ùu i|ydNdú; lrk WmlrKhlska nj' jydu orejd <Õu frday,gwe;=<;a lrk ,È'

orejdf.a weÕs,sj,g nrm;, f,i ;=jd, isÿ ù ;sîu ksidweÕs,s myu ffjoHjre úiska bj;a lrk ,È' frdayf,a§orejd mshdf.ka fufia weiqfõh'

zz;d;af;a uf.a weÕs,s jefjkak fldÉpr l,a hhso@ZZ



O¾ud[S94 kdhl;ajh

by; isoaêh wkqj fldamh ksid isÿ jQ fÄojdplhfl;rïo hkak Tng mila ù we;ehs wms is;uq' my; i;H isoaêholshjkak'

nqÿrcdKkajykafia jod< wx.=;a;r ksldfhys ±lafjk mßÈfldamh ksid we;sjk wd§k y;ls'

1' fyd¢ka msßisÿj iy fyd¢ka we| me<| isáho mqoa.,hdwm%ikak njhs'

2' isks÷ iy iemmyiq fidamdjl ksod.;a;o mqoa.,hdfõokdfjka fmf<hs'

mshdg buy;a fõokdjla we;s úh' frdayf,ka bj;g meñKish kùk fudag¾ r:h lrd Tyq .sfhah' f.dia fudag¾ r:hglsysmjrlau ish ol=Kq mhska .eiqfõh' uola k;r ù ishorejd úiska fudag¾ r:fha ,shk ,o foh ne,Sug is;d Tyqkeó th lsfhõfõh' ,shd we;s foa fufia úh'

zz;d;af;a uu Tng wdofrhsZZ

miqj isÿjQfha l=ulao@ miq Èk mshd ish Èú kid .;af;ah'

wjê isoaêh 8-2 ( ÿj iy uj

2009 cqks ui 2 Èk ysre t*a' tï' .=jka úÿ,s kd,sldfjka fÄokSh i;H isoaêhla ms<sn| wkdjrKhla isÿ úh' bvïwdrjq,la fya;=fldg f.k ÈhKsh iy uj ^ish uj& w;rnyska nia ùula ÿr È. f.dia ÈhKsh ish ujg w; ;snQfldiafika myr ÿkakdh' úYd, lE .eiSula we;sùfuka miq wi,ajeishka úiska ksjig meñK wehj <Õu frday,gwe;=<;a lrk ,È' miqj wef.a ;;a;ajh nrm;, neúka fld<U uy frday,g wehj we;=<;a flßK' ál fõ,djlska

weh wjika yqiau fy¨jdh'



95fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

3' fyd| i|yd krl iy krl i|yd fyd| jroaod .ksñka ie,ls ,af,ka iy is ys l,a mkdfjka lghq ;= fkdlr ydks h

iy ÿlaú£ï we;sjk foa mqoa.,hd lrhs'4' uykais ù Wmhd.;a Okh ke;slr .efka' kS;sh bÈßfha

jrolrefjl= njg m;aùug o bv we;'

5' l%shdY+rj ,nd.;a lS¾;sh iy hii wysñlr .efka'

6' hy¿jka" kE±hska iy mjqf,a Woúh mqoa.,hdj uÕ yß;s"mqoa.,hdf.ka wE;a fj;s'

7' whym;a m%;sM, f.k fok lh" jpkh iy is; u.ska wl=i, l%shd fldam jQ mqoa.,hd lrk fyhska urK-fhka u;= ÿ.;shl bm§u' 1

Wla; wd§k y; mqoa.,hl=f.a i;=rkaf.a i;=gg fya;= jknj nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l< fial' fldam jQfjl= tlalfldam fkdúh hq;= nj;a mdmS ñksiqkaj m¾j;hlska hg lrkakdfia fl%da Oh úis ka hgm;a lrk nj wla flda O iQ;%fhys nqÿrcdKka jyka-fia foaYkd l<y' È.=ld,Skj fldamh mej;=K fyd;a th fl%daOhgke;fyd;a ffjrhlg fmrf<a' wx.=;a;r ksldfha fl%daO j¾.fhysfl%daOh;a iy noaO ffjrh;a we;s mqoa.,hd ÿlfia jdih lrk nj;a msßySug m;a jk nj;a iy ksrfhys WmÈk nj;a nqÿrcdKkajykafia jod<y'

fhd fp Wmam;s;x fldOxr:x yka;xZj Odrfh;uyx idrÓx n%Eñriañ f.dfyd b;frd cfkd 2

b;d fõ.fhka ÿjk r:hla j<ld ukdj yiqrejd .kq ,nkoCI ßhÿfrl= fuka" hfula isf;ys fl%daOh uev mj;ajd .kshso" Tyq kshu ßhÿfrl= jk nj uu lshñ' wka ßhÿrka yqfola

/yeka w,a,d .;a wh muKs'



O¾ud[S96 kdhl;ajh

my; rEmfhka flda mh l<ukdlrKfha jeo.;a lu ;jÿrg;a fmkakqï flf¾'

fldamh uevmj;ajd .ekS u $ wju lr .ekS u $;=rka ls Íu

w÷r w÷frka m,jd yeßh fkdyelsh' ta i|yd t<shla ke;fyd;a wdf,dalhla w;HdjYHh' tf,iska fldamh fldamfhka ;=rka l< fkdyelsh' fldamh ;=rka l< yelafla wfldamfhks'fl%daOh wfl%daOfhka Èksh yelsh'3 ffjrh wffjrfhka ñiffjrfhka ch .; fkdyelsh' 4 flfkl= fldamfhka kskaod wmydiTng lrk úg thg tfrysj fldam ù ±ä mshjrla .ekSu fkdl<hq;=h'5 tfia fkdlsÍu ÿIalr ld¾hhls' fldamh keue;s wioa.;shke;slr .ekSu ÿIalr ld¾hhla jqj o th l< yelsh'

nqÿrcdKkajykafia úiska ñksiqka j¾. y;rla .ek i|yka lr we;'

úfõpkhla fyda wmydihla fyda lsmSfuka nek je§ula fyda jeks ndysr isoaêhla ^lsishï mqoa.,hl= fyda mqoa., lKavdhula Tnglrkq ,nk&

flda mh Tn;=< we;sjkflaka;suhWoafõ.h&

fl%da Oh fyj;a ffjrh^È.= ld,Skfldamh&

noaO ffjrh^wd;a u.;fldamh&

ÿ l f i a j d i h

msßySug m;aùu

ksrfha Wm§u



97fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

1' .f,a flgQ wl=re iuyr ñksiqka .f,a flgQ wl=re fuks' .f,a flgQ wl=rla

n÷ mqoa.,hd iq¿ foalg mjd lsfmhs' Tyq $ weh fldamh b;d È.=l,la ;nd .kshs' fl%daOh iy noaO ffjrh hk b;d oreKq fldamj¾.hkaf.ka fun÷ ñksiaiq fmf<;s'

2' je,af,a ,shQ wl=reiuyr ñksiqka je,af,a ,shQ wl=re fuks' je,af,a ,shQ wl=rla

n÷ mqoa.,hd blaukska lsfmhs' kuq;a lsmSu jeä l,la ;nd fkd.

kshs'3' Èfhys ,shQ wl=re

iuyr ñksiqka Èfhys ,shQ wl=re fuks' Tjqka ;=< fldamh /f|kafka ke;' b;du blaukska ke;s ù hhs'

4' iq<fÕa ,shQ wl=reiuyr ñks iqka iq<fÕa ,shQwl=re fuks ' iq<fÕa ,shQwl=rla n÷

mqoa.,hd fldamh lsisfia;au .Kka fkd.kshs' fujeks mqoa.,hl=f.a is; ksr;=reju ikaiqkah' fldamh cks; fkdfõ' th ksid lsis÷ie,Sula fkdue;' 6

hg;a msßfika Tn fojeks j¾.hg jefgk mqoa.,fhlao@y;rfjks j¾.h wh;a jkafka ry;a jQ mqoa.,hl=gh' Tng ;=kajeksj¾.hg meñKs h yels kï th fld;rï fyd| o@ Tn m<fjks j¾.fha whl= kï Tn ;rfyka msmsfrkafkls' th wu;l fkdlrkafkys' ta .ek is; is;d wksld flfrys oafõY iy.;j yeisfrka fkls' l,la .sh miq fldamh ffjrhlg fmrf<hs' ffjrh noaO ffjrhlg jqjo fmr<sh yelsh' tkï ffjrh wd;aufhka wd;auhg Tn is; ;=<me< mÈhï ù .uka lrkq we;' fuu .%ka:h lshjk Tn lsisúglfuu ;;a;ajhg fkdjefgkak'

fldamh iukh lsÍu i|yd fldamh we;s jkafka uka±hs

wjfndaO lr .; hq;=h' kdkd úê fya;= ksid Tng fldamhwe;súh yelsh' uQ,sl jYfhka fldamhg fya;= jkafka úfõpkhla



O¾ud[S98 kdhl;ajh

fyda lsmSfuka nek je§ula fyda jeks ndysr isoaêhls' Tnf.a fldamhg ;fjll=f.a fldamh fyda l%shdjla fyda jpkhla fyda

fya;=úh yelsh'fldamh i|yd n,mdk úfYaIs; fya;= we;'

1' Tn úiska b;d fjfyi uykaisfhka cks; l< NdKavhla fyda fiajhla fyda lrk ,o hï jev lghq;a;la fyda úfõpkhg ,laùu'

2' Tnf.a YÍrfha fyda rEmfha ÿ¾j,;djla yqjd olajd Tnjmy;afldg ie,lSu'

3' Tn úiska is;d u;du lrk ,o l%shdjla ksid ^;jll=úfõpkh lsÍu" Tfí B¾IHdj ksid ys; ßfok fohla Tnwksldg m%ldY lsÍu hkd§& wksldg flaka;s f.dia Tngnek je§u'

4' Tn w;s ka fkd±kqj;aju isÿjk jrola ud¾. kS ;shla lvùu"flkl=f.a b,a,Sula fkdweiSu hkdÈh&'

5' Tnf.a wd.u" l=,h" ia;%S mqreINdjh fyda fjk;a fohla yqjdolajñka my;afldg ie,lSu'

6' lsishï kS;shla fyda Í;shla fyda iïu;hla ;jll= úiska leãu ^fmda,sfuka msg mekSu" fmda,sfï fkdhdu" mud ùmeñKSu hkdÈh&'

7' ;ud úiska mjrK ,o lghq;a;la $ rdcldßhla wksld úiska bgqlrkq fkd,eîu'

8' ish wd.ug fyda cd;shg fyda wdh;khg fyda {d;shl=gfyda hkd§ jYfhka ;jll= widOdrK l%shdjla l< úg'

9' Tnf.a úYsIa g ks¾udKhla fyda ÈkSula fyda ksid B¾IHdjg

,laù tys úYsIag;dj wvqjk f,i l:d lsÍu'10' Tnj ieneúkau f.!rjhg ,la úh hq;= wjia:djl tfia

isÿ fkdùu ^W;aijhl § Tng wdrdOkd fkdlsÍu" wdrdOkd



99fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

fldg Tn tys f.dia isáh § ms<sfkd.ekSu" Tng fmd,af;,a myk ±,aùug wdrdOkd fkdlsÍu" ia;=;s l:dfõ § Tng ia;=;shla

úfYaIfhka fkdlsÍu hkdÈh&'11' Tn lsishï jeo.;a jevla lrk úg wjOdkh lefvk

ndOd we;sùu ^hul= f.aÜgqfõ iSkqj kdo lsÍu" ÿrl:kh kdoùu hkdÈh&'

12' Tnf.a orejkaf.a fyda mjqf,a idudðlhka f.a fyda whym;a yeisÍu $ orejka mdvï fkdlsßu" jerÈ jevla isÿ lsÍu

hkdÈh'by; i|yka fya;= ksid Tng fldamh we;s ùu idOdrK hhs

o ta wkqj Tn fldam ù hï l%shdud¾.hla .; hq;= hhs o Tng is;Sugmq¿jk' fuu is;=ú,a, ksjerÈ fkdfõ' WÑ; fkdfõ' fldamùfuka Tng wksjd¾hfhkau wjdis isÿfõ' Tnf.a f,a krla ù iajNdjhfjkia ù fkdfhl=;a wk¾: foa isÿfõ' fï ksid Tn fldam fkdúhhq;=h' fldamh wdfõ kï th uekúka iukh l< hq;=h'

fldamh l<ukdlrKh i|yd fláld,S k l%u

1' fldamfhys wd§kj iy fldam l<ukdlrKfhys jeo.;aluwjfndaO lr .ekSfuka fldam fkdù isàug wêIaGdkh lr.ekSu'

2' .Kka fldg ld,h f.ùu' flda m jQúg oyhg .Kka lrka k'

fnfyúkau fldam jQ úg mkyg fyda ishhg .Kka lrkak'3' fldamh wd ú.i zfldamh wdjdZ hhs ±kS jydu ksy~ ùu'

ksy~ ù ls ishï i;= gqodhl fohla ms<sn|j is ; fhduq lrka k'ta .ek l,amkd lrkak' ke;fyd;a nqÿrcdKkajykafiaf.a m%;sudjla isys lrkak'

4' flda mh cks ; jQ úg ysá ;eks ka bj;a ùu' mä fm<la neiSu

fyda úfõld.drh fj; .uka lsßu fyda jeisls<shg fyda hdu l< yelsh' kdk ldurhg f.dia uqyqK fia§u o

l%uhls'



O¾ud[S100 kdhl;ajh

5' fldamhg fya;= jQ mqoa.,hdf.a fyd| .;s.=K .ek is;ka k'Tyqf.a $ wehf.a ÿIa.=Khka fkdj ioa.=Khka .ek fufkys

lrkak'6' ;ukag fldam ù nek jeÿKq mqoa.,hd ljfrla o hkak

is;Su' Tyq $ weh úiska fok ,o odhl;ajhka .ek is;Su iy Tnfj; lrk ,o Wmldrhka .ek is ;ka k' túg Tnf.a fldamh;=kS ù ke;s ù hd yelsh'

7' Tnf.a fldamhg fya;= jQ mqoa.,hd Tnf.a m%Odkshd fyda uj

fyda mshd fyda ifydaorhd fyda ifydaoßh fyda úfYaI" úYsIagmqoa.,hl= úh yelsh' tu úfYaI;ajh .ek is;kak'jeäysáNdjh .ek is;kak' úYsIag;ajh .ek is;kak'

8' wod< mqoa.,hdf.a p¾hdj ^whym;a& i|yd n,mE yelsfya;=j$fya;= fudkjd±hs jgyd .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu'

udkj p¾hdj fya;= iys; fõ' hï ksYaÑ; udkj p¾hdjla flkl=f.ka Tn olskafkys kï ta i|yd hï fya;=jla

fyda fya;= we;' ksoiqkla jYfhka hfula Tng fodia mejÍu fyda úreoaOj l%shd lsÍu fyda lr we;akï thg fya;= ;sìh hq;=h'

fya;=M, iïnkaOh ms<sn| nqoaO foaYkdj .ek is;kak' hula we;sùug ;j fohla fyda lsysm fohla n,mdk nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l< fial' jerÈ jegySula ksid Tng úreoaOj

l%shd l< yelsh' ke;fyd;a yqÿ B¾IHdj ksid úh yelsh'fya;=j fidhd th ke;s lsÍug W;aidy .kak' yqÿ B¾IHdjkï th wu;l lrkak'

È.=ld,S k l%u

1' mrudo¾YS fyda mßmQ¾K f,dalhla j¾;udkfha fkdue;snj jgyd .ekSu'

Tn Ôj;ajkq fha lsisÿ wvqmdvqjla ke;s mQ¾Kj O¾udkql+, jQ

iudchl fkdjk nj wjfnda O lr .ekS u w;HjYH fõ' úúO ks mqK;diy ÿ¾j,;d we;s mqoa.,hka isák nj;a" tla tla mqoa.,hkaf.a pß;



101fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

ÈhqKqj fjkia nj;a" úkh .rel fukau úkh úfrdaë mqoa.,hka isák nj;a iy ;ud fukau iïmQ¾Kfhkau l%shd;aul úh yels

;j mqoa.,hka fndfyda úg ke;s nj;a jgyd .; hq;=h' l=udrfiak^2004& ú.%y lrk mßÈ zzf,dalh idOdrKhhsZZ hk jerÈ ks.ukhla Tn ;=< ;sfí' fï jerÈ ks.ukh ksid zzf,dalh idOdrK úhhq;= hhsZZhk wfmaCIdj Tn ;=< we;sfõ' i;H kï f,dalfha idOdrK;ajh fukau widOdrK;ajho olakg ,eîuhs' tfyhska f,dalh idOdrK ke;s njhs fmkS hkafka' jeä jYfhka f,dalfha we;af;a widOdrK;ajhhs'

2' wIag f,dal O¾ufhka lïmd fkdùu'nqÿrcdKka jykafia ish¿ fokdgu n,mdkq ,nk O¾ufhda

wg fofkla ms<sn| foaYkd l<y' tkï ,dN" w,dN" whi" hi"kskaod" m%Yxid" iqLx iy ÿlaLx'

) ,dN ( f.j,a fodrj,a" j;= msá" hdk jdyk" rka ß§hkd§ úúO jia;+ka ,eîu'

) w,dN ( jia;=j úhoï ù ke;sùu" jia;=j fkd,eîufyda fidri;=re Wjÿrej,ska fyda iajNdúljfyda fjk;a ldrKd ksid fyda jia;=j úkdY ùu'

) whi ( ¥ore" {d;s ys;ñ;%d§kaf.ka Wmldrhka ke;sùu" Tjqka fjkaùu'

) hi ( ¥ore" {d;s ys;ñ;%d§kaf.ka Wmldr ,eîu"Tjqka we;sùu'

) kskaod ( f,dalhdf.ka wjkïnq" .erySï ,eîu'

) m%Yxid ( f,dalhdf.ka .re kïnq" j¾Kkd" ms<s.ekSï,eîu'

) iqLx ( úúO whqßka iem ,eîu'

) ÿlaLx ( úúO whqßka ÿl ,eîu'



O¾ud[S102 kdhl;ajh

kskaod ,eîu" wjkïnq ,eîu wIag f,dal O¾uhls' tfyhska thska lïms; fkdúh hq;=h' wkqka flfrys fl%daO lsÍu lsisu

m%fhda ckhla f.k fkdfoa ' foa m< ke;sùfuka " msßi fkdue;s ùfuka fyda fkdie,lSfuka iy kskaod ,eîfuka fldam ùu ;uqkg fukauwkqkg o m%fhdackj;a fkdfõ'

3' uÕ yeÍu;ry fyda fldamh we;sjk fya;=fjka wE;aùu fyj;a fya;=j

uÕ yer hdu È.=ld,Sk úi÷uls' ish¿u fya;= uÕyeÍug Tngyelshdjla fkdue;s úh yels h' WodyrKhla jYfhka orejl= wOHhklghq;=j, ksr; fkdùu ksid Tn ;=< fldamhla yg.kafka kïtu orejd fkdi,ld yeÍu l< fkdyelalls' ula ksid o h;a tfia lsÍfuka orejd uq¿ukskau iudchg wjevodhl mqoa.,hl= njgm;aùug bv ;sfí' ta ksid we;sjk wys;lr m%;súmdl ^;ukag fu-kau iudchg& b;d úYd, úh yelsh' kuq;a iuyr fya;= uÕ yeÍugmq¿jk' my; ±lafjkafka WodyrK lsysmhls'

fya;=j ^fldamhg& uÕ yeÍu

1' ;ukaj ke;fyd;a ;u 1' Tyqj$wehj uqK fkdeiSu'wd.u my;afldg i,lkflkl= isàu'

2' rEmjdysksfha hï ksYaÑ; mqj;a 2' tu mqj;a fkdne,Su'ne,Sfuka foaYmd,lhl=flfrys fl%daOh we;s ùu'

3' hï NdKavhla fyda fiajhla 3' tu NdKavh fyda fiajhñ,§ .ekSu ^ñ, jeä" .=K;ajh ñ,§ fkd.ekSu"wvq ksid fyda fjk;a wdfoaYlhlg fhduq ùu'fohla ksid&'

4' hï wk;=rla isÿ jQ ia:dkhg 4'tu ia:dkhg fkdhd isàu'hdfuka wêl fldamhla we;s ùu'



O¾ud[S104 kdhl;ajh

wkd;aujdoh jgyd .ekSu ÿIalr jqj o th jgyd.ekSfuka fldamh uekúka l<ukdlrKh lr.; yels nj ksYaÑ;h' nqÿka

jod< O¾ufhys uydpd¾h j,afmd, rdyq, ysñ ^1997" ms' 78& fufia i|yka lr;s(

zz zwd;auhZ zuuZ wd§ ljr kulska jqjo olajkq ,nk fjkia fkdjk" iodld,s l" wur jia ;=jla ñks id ;= < fyda neyer fyda we;ehsis;Su ñ;Hd úYa jdihla fkdfyd;a ufkda uh m%fCIa mKhla nj m%;S;Hiuq;amdo O¾ufhkao" m[apialkaO úNd.fhkao olajkq ,efí' fïjkdys nqÿkajykafia jod< wkd;au O¾uhhs'ZZ

i;Hh wúmß; i;Hh ^mrud¾: i;Hh& iy ixjD;s i;Hh hkqfjka j¾. follg fnfoa' ixjD;s i;Hh kï fmdÿfõ ms<s.kq,nk fohhs ' fmdÿ jHjydrfha § zuuZ zwmsZ zTnZ zmqoa .,hdZ hkd§ jpkNdú; flf¾' mru i;H jQ l,S zuuZ hehs fyda zi;ajhdZ hhs fyda ienúkau .; yels lsisjla fyda lsisfjl= fyda ke;s njh uydpd¾hj,afmd, rdyq, ysñ" 1997" ms' 79&'

nqÿrcdKka jyka fia foiQ fuu mru i;Hhg wkq j is ;=jfyd;a zuuZ f,i i,lk mqoa.,fhla ke;' tfiau Tng fldamh cks;l< mqoa.,hd ie,l=jfyd;a zTyqZ fyda zfudyqZ hkafkka mqoa.,hl= oke;' zfldamhZ lshd fohla o ke;' th o fjkia jk iq¿h' ish,a,wks;Hh' tfia kï ;jll=g Tn ffjr lrkafkyso@ tfia lsÍuw¾: úrys;h'

6' bjiSuúúO mqoa.,hka iuÕ úúO wjia:djkays § Tng wka;¾ l%shd

lsÍug isÿfõ' fuys § Tnf.a is;g fldamh f.k fok fkdfhl=;a fkdukd foa ^jpk" pßhd" rEm& isÿúh yels h' fïjdhs ka ;udf.a is;gfldamh yd fl%daOh we;s fkdlr is; Ñ;a;ika;dkh md,kh l<hq;=h' fuys,d bjiSu w;sYhska jeo.;a fõ' zlaIdka;sZ kñka y÷kajk

bjiSu nqÿùu i|yd fndai;a jykafia fmrE mdrñ;djls'



105fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

nek je§ï" .erySï" fldamùï Tng bjiSu mqyqKq lsÍu i|yd,enQ wjia :d fia i,lka k' tkhs ka Tng laIdka ;s mdrñ;dj mqrkakg

,eîu jdishls'7' Ndjkd lsßu

Ndjkd lsßu hkafkka woyia jkafka hym;a is;=ú,sfufkys lsÍfuka is; ÈhqKq lr .ekS uhs' flda mh iukh jk whqßka ;u is; yev .iajd .ekSug Ndjkdj ksid mq¿jk' fldamh ksidfyda fldamh we;sùug n,mdk fya;= ksid fyda fkdikaiqkajk Tfí

uki ikaiqka lr .ekSu msKsi Wmldr úh yels Ndjkd l%u y;rla fuys,d i|yka lruq'

i. wdkdmdki;s Ndjkdj

tla Ndjkdjls' Tnf.a wdYajdifhys;a ^yqiau by<±óu& m%Yajdifhys;a ^yqiau my< ±óu& isys t<ùuuq,afldg we;s Ndjkdj ñka woyia fõ' bfí

isÿjk Tnf .a yq iau by<" my< hdu .ek isysfhka n,disàu fuys § isÿfõ' fuys,d ndysr f,dalh wu;llr Tnf.a yqiau we;=¿ùu yd msgùu foi

n,d isàu isÿfõ' fuu Ndjkdj i|yd úfYaI bßhõjla kshu lr we;' Tn msßñfhl= kï trñKsh f.d;d f.k^noaO m¾hxlfhka& b| .; hq;=h' Tn ia;%shl kï md miqmigkudf.k ^w¾O m¾hxlfhka& b| .; hq;=h'

ii. Ñ;a;dkqmiaikd Ndjkdj

Tn fldam ù isák úg o fldam fkdù isák úg ota nj uekúka ±k .ekSuhs ' fuu Ndjkdj Tnf.a is;

;=<g tî ne,S uls ' flda mh is; ;= <g meñfKk whq re"ta ksid YÍrfhys we;sjk fjkialï" th ke;sù hkwhqre mÍCId lr ne,Su fuu Ndjkdfjka isÿfõ'

fuu Ndjkdj i|yd úfYaI bßhõjla kshu lrfkdue;s fyhska th ys|f.k fyda isgf.k fyda



O¾ud[S106 kdhl;ajh

ilauka lrñka fyda ydkais ù fyda jeäh yelsh^uydpd¾h j,afmd, rdyq, ysñ" 1994" ms' 101&' fldam jQ

is;l ;;a;ajh Tngu ±k .ekSug yelsfõ'iii. ffu;%S Ndjkdj

ñ;=re fyj;a ys;j;a nj ms<sn| is;sú,s we;s lr.ekSfuka is; ÈhqKq lsÍuhs' fldamh ksid ksYaÑ;jYfhkau ;udg ydks meñfKa' fï ksid ;ud

.ek is;d fu;a jeäh hq;=h' 9

uu ksÿla fjïjd ! kSfrda. fjïjd !iqjm;a fjïjd ! ffjr ke;af;la fjïjd !Tfí fldamh ksid wka whg o ydks meñKsh

yelsh' wka ish,a,gu fukau ;udg úreoaO jQ msßig o fu;a jeãugmqreÿ ùu fuu Ndjkdfjka kshu fõ'

iv. nqoaOdkqiai;s Ndjkdj

fuu Ndjkdfjka is ÿjka fka Tn" wmf.a Ydia ;Djrhd-Kkajykafia jk nqÿrcdKkajykafiaf.a .=K isyslsÍuhs' nqÿ.=K is ysfldg is ; ÈhqKqlr .ekS uhs' flda mjQ úg nqÿrcdKkajykafia u;la lr.; fyd;a Tnf.a fldamh myù hkq we;'

nqÿrcdKkajykafia fldamh l<ukdlrKh i|yd l%ufõohla uÊ¯u ksldfhys" ú;lal iKaGdk iQ;%fhys wkqYdikdl< fial' tys mshjr 5 la ±lafõ' 10

1' oafõIh yg.;a úg ta fjkqjghï l=i,a wruqKla $ksñ;a;la fufkys l< hq;=h' túg is; ;ekam;a fjhs' oCI jvqfjla

ishqï weKhlska uy weKhlg .ikafkao" ^.iñka mqjrefjka & neyer lrka fka o" w;ska& weo ouka fka o tfiau hï l= i,a

wruqKlg meñK hï l=i,hla fufkys lsÍfuka fldamhbj;a l< hq;=h' fuu m<uq l%shdud¾.h ksYaM, fõ kï"

2' fojk l%shdud¾.h wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' oafõIh keue;swl=i,fhys wd§kj fufkys lsÍu l< hq;=h' oafõIfhys



107fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

fodaIhka mÍCId lsÍu l< hq ;=h' fuu l% shd ud¾.h ksYa M,jqjfyd;a"

3' ;=ka jk l%shdud¾.h wkq.ukh l< hq ;=h' oa fõIfha fodaIhmÍCId lsÍfuka miqjo oafõIh mj;S kï th fkdisys

lsÍu" fufkys fkdlsÍu l< hq;=h' fuys§ fldam is;=ú,a,hgm;a ùu wfmaCId flf¾' fuu l%shdud¾.ho ksYaM, jqjfyd;a"

4' isõjk l% shdud¾.h jk oa fõIh cks ; jQ uQ,sl fya ;=j .ekfufkys l< hq;=h' fuho ksYaM, fõ kï"

5' o;añá ldf.k Èj ;,a,g ;o lrf.k oafõIhg ks.%yl< hq;=h' l=i,a is;ska wl=i,a is;g fodia ke.sh hq;=h' fldamfkdlsÍfukau fldamh ch.; hq;= nj ñka woyia fõ'



O¾ud[S108 kdhl;ajh

09 mßÉfþoh

kdhl;aj .= Kdx.

fuu mßÉfþofhka ú.%y lsÍug wfmaCId lrkqfha úfYaIkdhl;aj .=Kdx.hkah' hym;a pß; .=Kdx. jk wjxllu" bjiSuhkd§ ioa .=Khka ms<sn| fmr ú.% y lrk ,È' tu .= Khka yer id¾:l

kdhlhl=ùu i|yd wjYH jk wfkl=;a .=Kdx. fuys§ ú.%y lsÍugwfmaCIs;h' wju jYfhka oiúê .=Kdx. fn!oaO idys;Hhg wkqjy÷kd .; yelsh'

1' Liberal - ;Hd.jka; ^pd.&wkq.dñlhkag fukau iïnkaOjk ish¿ ñksiqkag úúO

;Hd. ,nd§ug we;s leue;a; iy tfia fkduiqrej ;sfnk foa

iemhSu fuu .=Kdx.fhka woyia fõ' ;Hd. §u i|yd m%udKj;a j;alula kdhlhd i;= úh hq;=h' fuys,d øjHuh" uQ,Huh" udkisliy úfYaI jYfhka ;Hd. j¾. l< yelsh' øjHuh ;Hd. j,g úúOnvq NdKav" wdydr mdk" îu" b÷ï ysgqï hkdÈh we;=<;a fõ' uQ,Huh;Hd. j,g wh;a jkqfha uqo,ah' udkisl ;Hd. jYfhka y÷kajkqfha uqo,auh yd øjHuh fkdjk we;eïúg ñ, l< fkdyels §ukdh'iskyj" m%Yxid" je<|.ekSu" w; we,a,Su" ysi we,a,Su" msgg tla

w;lska ;Ügq jla ±óu hkdÈh udkisl ;Hd.hkah' Wmfoia " uÕ fm-kaùu" b.ekaùu hkdÈh úfYaI ;Hd. jYfhka ye¢kaùug mq¿jk'



109fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

hï fohla ;Hd.hla jYfhka §u idudkHfhka ÿIa lr fohls 'ulaksido h;a thska Tng ,nd .ekSug ;snqK m%fhdackh fyda jdish

ke;s ù hk fyhsks' tfy;a tu ;Hd.h ksid th ,nk flfkla i;=gg m;afõ' ta fyhska ,nk flkd ;=< meye§ula Tn ms<sn|jwe;sfõ' fï ks id tu mq oa .,hd iy Tn w;r we;s iïnka O;dj hym;a fõ' hg;a msßfika tu iïnkaO;dj m¿ÿ fkdù fyda whym;a fkdùmej;Sug fya;= fõ'

kdhlhl= jYfhka Tn ish wkq.dñlhka fj; ;Hd.jka;úh hq;=h' tfiau ;udf.a fiajh wfmaCIdfjka tk fyda ;ud úiska j.lshkq ,nk ksIamdok ñ,§ .ekSug tk mdßfNda.slhkag ;Hd.jka; úh yelsh'

;Hd. jia;=j flfrys lsisÿ f,daNhla we;s fkdlrf.kth m%odkh l< hq;=h' th ,nk mqoa.,hdf.a hym; msKsi is;dÈh hq;=h' ;Hd. §fuka miq tu ;Hd. ,nkakd tajdhska m%fhdack.kakjd o keoao hkak fiùu wkjYH fohls' th fkdl< hq;=h';Hd.h ,nkakdj lrorhg m;a fkdlr Tyqg $ wehg hym;la jdishla isÿjk fohlau ;Hd.h jYfhka Èh hq;=h'

2' Equal - idOdrKienE kdhlhl= ish wkq.dñlhkag idOdrK úh hq;=h'

idOdrK ùu hkafkka woyia jkafka widOdrK ùu" whqla;siy.; ùu fkdl< hq;= njhs' iudk njlska iu;djlska hq;=h l%shd

l< hq;= njhs'ish wkq.dñlhka yg iudk wjia:djla ^Wiia ùï" udreùï"

jegqma j¾Ol" mqyqKqùï hkdÈh& Èh hq;=h' tfiau Wiiaùï" udre ùïjegqma j¾Ol" mqyqKqùï hk wjia:d i|yd iqÿiq mqoa.,hka f;dard.ekSfï§ wod< fkdjk idOl $ ks¾Kdhl ^cd;sh" wd.u" l=,h"fm!oa .,s l kEoElï" ys ;j;a lï yd fjk;a iïnka O;d& u; is ÿfkdl<hq;=h' idOdrK jQ m%;sm;a;s iy l%shdmámdàka ilia l< hq;= w;r

tajd ta whqßkau l% shd;aul l< hq;=h' ia;%S mqreI jYfhka o fNaohlska f;drj hqla;s iy.;j lghq;= l< hq;=h' fï ia;%shl hhs is;d wehg



O¾ud[S110 kdhl;ajh

úfYaIfhka ^;jl=g widOdrKhla jk f,i& fkdie,lsh hq;=h'fï mqreIhl= hhs is;d ia;%shg widOdrKhla jk whqßka mqreIhdg

úfYaIfhka fkdie,lsh hq;=h' ish kEoE ys;j;=kag ix.%y l<hq;= jqj;a tfia l< hq;af;a wka whg widOdrKhla ydkshla isÿfkdjk mßoafoks' ksoiqkla jYfhka lsishï /lshdjla i|yd Wi-iaùula mj;sk úg ta i|yd jvd;au iqÿiq mqoa.,hdj ^ksmqK;dj"ld¾hM, iy fcHIaG;dj wkqj& fkdj {d;shdg ie,lSfïwoyiska jvd wvq iqÿia il= fyda kqiqÿia il= f;da rdm;a lsÍu widOdrKh'tfiau wdh;k ixj¾Okhg fukau udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okhg thwk¾:ldß fõ'

3' Active - il%Shil%Sh hkq w,i fkdù läirj l%shd;aul ùuhs' fjk;a

mohlska i|yka l<fyd;a ù¾h ùuhs' kdhlhd i;=úh hq;= b;djeo.;a .=Kdx.hla jkqfha ù¾h fyj;a oysßh hs' ke;fyd;a ffO¾hh hs' fuys,d i,lkq ,nkafka O¾udkql+, mrud¾: bgqlr .kq

jia kdhl;ajhla wod< wkq.dó msßi fj; ,nd§ug ffO¾hhiïmkak ùuhs'

mrud¾: bgqlr.ekSu i|yd hï hï ld¾hhka bgq l< hq;=h'lsishï mdie,la ñksia iïm;a ixj¾Okh i|yd;a wdh;k ixj¾Okhi|yd;a fhduq jQ pß;j;a isiq mrmqrla ìys lsÍfï mrud¾:fhka msys-gqjd we;ehs is;ka k' fuu mrud¾:h bgq lr .kq jia isiqka mßmd,kh"mqia;ld, myiqlï ie,iSu hkd§ úúO ld¾hhka /ila uekúka

bgql< hq;=h' tys,d kdhlhd il%Sh úh hq;=h' m%udKj;a ffO¾hhla fkdue;sj Wla; lghq;= uekúka bgql< fkdyelsh' hï lghq;a;l"ld¾hhl id¾:l;ajh i|yd ù¾hh fyj;a ffO¾hh w;HjYHh'

lsishï jeo.;a ld¾hhla wdrïN lsÍfï § iy lrf.khdfï§ úúO ÿIalr;d ndOl meñKSug bv ;sfí' we;eï msßia ndOlueùug fyda iyfhda.h fkd±laùug mq¿jk' iuyre B¾IHdfjka ndOd l< yelsh' we;eï úg m%udKj;a fN!;sl yd uQ,H iïm;a fkdue;s úh yelsh' ld,.=Kh whym;a ùug bv we;' ;j kdkdúê ndOd we;sùug bv ;sfí' fï ish¿ ndOl w;=ßka ish mrud¾:h



O¾ud[S112 kdhl;ajh

8' yg.;a frda .h iq j jQ úg ikS m jQú.i jev fkdl< yels hhs is;d ksod .ekSu'

Tn úiska Wla; l=iS; jia;= wg isÿ fkdl< hq;=h' túg Tn;=< ffO¾hh we;s fõ' wms ish¨ fokdu mqoa.,fhda fjuq' mqoa.,fhda mD:.ackfhda h' ù¾hh n,h mD:.ack mqoa.,fhl=g fidajdka ùug"ry;a ùug iy nqÿùug fya;= jkafkah' tfia kï id¾:l kdhlhl=ùu i|yd ù¾hh n,fha wjYH;dj lshkqu lsu@

my; i|yka m%Yak fyd¢ka lshjkak' Tn fok ms<s;=re wkqj

Tnf.a ù¾hfha ;ru Tng jgyd .ekSug yelsjkq we;'1' fnfyúkau ÿIalr jqj o Tng ksjerÈ fohla l< yelso@

2' Tng <Õd lr .ekSug jqjukd ksjerÈ mrud¾:hla uqÿkam;a lr .ekSu Tn w;ayßkafkys o@

3' Nhdkl iy wm%sh wjia:djka Tn uÕ yßkafkys o@

4' Tnf.a yojf;a Yla;sh jQ l,S ffO¾hh nj Tn úYajdilrkafkys o@

5' f,fyisfhkau Tn ìh jk mqoa.,fhla o@

6' Nhdkl wjia:djlg Tn uqyqK fok úg Tnf.a ìh Tngmd,kh lr .; yels o@

7' Tng iydh ola jka kka fkdue;s jqj;a ksjerÈ fohla i|ydTng ke.S isáh yels o@

8' úúO foa i|yd W;aidy lsÍu mrdoh $ wiu¾:h ms<sn|Tnf.a ìh ksid Tn j<lkafkys o@

9' we;eï wh tlÕ fkdùug bv we;s ksid Tfí u;h m% ldYlsÍug Tn ìh jkafkys o@

10' Tng ksjerÈ mrud¾:hla bgqlr .ekSug wjYH jQ úg iuwhf.a mSvkh ksid Tn Tnf.a m%h;ak ±Íu w;

yßkafkyso@1" 4" 6 iy 7 m%Ya k i|yd zTõZ hk ms <s;=r wfma CIs;h' wfkl= ;a



O¾ud[S114 kdhl;ajh

6' Tfí mrud¾: fjkia lsÍug Tng fkdisf;kafkys o @

7' Tfí mrud¾: bgqlr.kakd ;=re Tn ;Dma;su;aNdjhgm;afkdjkafkys o @

8' mrud¾:j,g Tn lemù we;af;ys o @

9' wfkl=;a foaj,aj,g jvd Tfí mrud¾: jvd jeo.;a nj Tnokafkys o @

10' Tnf.a Ôú; mrud¾: uqÿkam;a lr .ekSug Tfí ±äwêIaGdkh Tnj fhduq lrjk nj Tn ±äj úYajdilrkafkys o @

5' Educated - W.;a wfhl= ùulrKShfu;a; iQ;%h 2 ffu;%sh ms<sn|j Wmfoia fok iQ;%

foa Ykdjla nj ienEh' tfy;a tys uq,a .d:d lS mh u.s ka fn!oa Ohl=f.a iliaùu .ek lreKq ±lafõ' fuu lrKShfu;a; iQ;%fhys"

m%:ufhkau ±lafjk .=Kh jQ l,S zilafldaZ hkakhs' tys wre;jkqfha ish j.lSï ms<sn| yelshdjla we;af;l= ùuhs' kdhlhl=gmejÍ we;s m%Odk j.lSu jkqfha wkq.dñlhka ukd f,i fufyhjdwod< Od¾ñl mrud¾: bgqlr .ekSuhs'

fuys,d wdo¾Yfhka kdhl;ajh §u" mj;sk m%;sm;a;s"l%shdmámdá yd Í;s lv fkdlr yels muK wkq.dñlhkag ishjD;a ;Sh yd fm!oa .,s l wruqKq bgqlr.ekS ug Wmldr lsÍu" m%isoaêfha w.h lsÍu" wkq.dñlhka wdrCId lsÍu" iqÿiaidg iq ÿiq ;ek §u" ks isf,i jev mjrd uekúka iqmÍCIKh lsÍu hkd§ ld¾hhka kdhlhdúiska bgql< hq;=h' fuu ld¾hhka ksis f,i bgq ls Íu ms<sn| j.lSïkdhlhd fj; mejf¾' fuu j.lSï ksis f,i bgq lsÍug m%udKj;a ksjerÈ yelshdjla kdhlhdg ;sìh hq;=h' tfia yelshdjla fkdue;skï kdhl;ajh wid¾:lùu ksYaÑ;ju isÿfõ' ish rdcldÍ iyj.lSï ms<sn| yelshdj ,nd .kafka flfia o@ yelshdj ,nd.; yelsm%Odk l%u ;=kls'



115fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

1' wOHdmkh

2' mqyqKqj

3' m<mqreoao

ukd wOHdmkh fuys,d b;d jeo.;a fõ' th ukd mqyqKqjla ,eîugo ukd m<mqreoaola ,eîug o whl=g bjy,a fõ' ñka .uHjkqfha kdhlhd W.;l= úh hq;= njhs" W.;a wfhl= ùu wjYHnjhs ' kdhlhd i;=j jvd by< wOHdmkhla ;sìh hq ;=nj ñka woyia fkdjk nj;a wkq.dñl msßfia nyq;rhlf.a W.;alug jvd jeäW.;alula ;sìh hq;= nj;a fuys,d i|yka l< hq;=h'

) kdhl;aj mrud¾: uekúka msysgqjd .ekSug"

) tu mrud¾: wkq.dñlhka fj; uekúka ikaksfõokh lsÍug"

) mrud¾: bgqlsÍug wod< ld¾hhka bgqlsÍug"

) wkq.dñlhkaj ÈidNsuqL lsÍug"m%udKj;a yelshdjla kdhlhl=g ;sìh hq;=h' w;HjYH

W.;alu j¾. ;=klg fnÈh yelsh'

1' ;dCIKsl W.;alu

2' kdhl;ajh ms<sn| W.;alu

3' O¾uh ms<sn| W.;alu

;dCIKsl W.;alu hkq wod< ld¾hhka uekúka bgqlsÍums<sn| wod< ±kqu" l=i,;d iy wdl,a m w;a m;a lr .ekS uhs' ksoiqkla jYfhka Tn kdhl;ajh ,nd fokafka mdie,l úÿy,am;sjrhl=jYfhka kï mdie,la úiska l< hq;= ish¿u fufyhqï ^ld¾hhka&ms<sn| ksjerÈ ±kqu iy l=i,;d ;sìh hq;=h' Tn frday,lkdhlhl= kï f,vqka iqj lsÍug wod< ish¿u ld¾hhka ms<sn|

ksis wOHdmkhla Tng ;sìh hq;=h' Tn wdh;khl udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrejl= kï udkj iïm;a l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| m%udKj;a



O¾ud[S116 kdhl;ajh

iy ks jerÈ wOHdmkhla Tng ;s ìh hq ;=h' Tn úYd, wdh;khl uQ ,Hl<ukdlrefjla kï uQ,H l<ukdlrKh ms<sn| ksis wOHdmkhla

Tn i;= úh hq;=h'id¾:l kdhl;a jhla i|yd kdhl;a jh ms<sn|j wOHdmkhla

;sìh hq;=h' fuu wOHdmkh Tn ,nd .kafka flfiao@

1' fuu .%ka:h fyd¢ka wOHhkh lsÍu'

2' fjk;a wod< .%ka: mßYS,kh'

3' wod< úfYaIs; foaYkj,g ijka § wjfndaOh ,nd .ekSu'4' wod< úfYaIs; jevuq¿j,g iyNd.s ùu'

5' wod< id¾:l mqoa.,hka weiqßka bf.k .ekSu'

6' w;s oCI .=rejrhl= weiqre lsÍu iy Tyq $ wehf.a u.fmkaùu ,nd .ekSu'

O¾uh ms<sn| W.;alu hkq nqÿka jod< O¾uh ±k .ekSuhs'NsCIQka úiska O¾u úkh ms<sn| W.;alu uQ,sl jYfhka ,nd.;hq;=h' .syshl= úiska O¾uh ms<sn|j idudkH W.;alula ,nd .;hq;=h'

6' Ready wit - ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dj

ñka woyia jka fka wjia :djg WÑ;j ks jerÈ ;SrKhla .ekSu

fyda yeisÍuhs' wkfmaCIs;j meñfKk ÿIalr;djhkaf.ka ñ§ugwka;rdhkaf.ka ñ§ug we;s yelshdj ^mõ fkdlr& ñka woyia fõ'fuh Wmdh fl!Y,H kñkao ye¢kafõ' fuh nqoaêu;alu keue;skdhl;aj .=Khg fnfyúkau iïnkaO fõ' b;d blaukska fyda flá ld,hla ;=< § wod< wjia:djg .e,fmk mßÈ ^iïnkaê;ish¿ fokdg ydks fkdjk wmyiq;djla f.k fkdfok& ;SrKhla .ekSu l:d lsÍu iy yeisÍuhs ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dj jkqfha'



117fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

by; isoaêfhys fojk ixúOdhl isiqjd wjia:djg WÑ;;SrKhlg meñKsfhah' th ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{djhs' my; p¾hdjka ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dj we;s kdhlhdf.ka fmkakqï flf¾'

1' ;ud iïnkaO ù we;s wjiA:dj wjuÕ=,la o uÕ=,la oke;fyd;a ljr fohla o hkak fyd¢ka jgyd .ekSu'

2' iïnkaO ù we;s msßi ljr iajNdjfha wh o hkak jgydf.k l:d lsÍu" hï hï m%ldY lsÍu'

3' wjia:djg .e,fmk f,i ish we÷u we£u'

7' Self-Disciplined - iajhx úkhdkql+, ùu

úkh hkq ysla ùu fyj;a YsCIdjhs' Tn úis ka Tnj fu,a , lr.ekSu iajhx úkhhs' Tfnka hym;a kdhlfhl= jYfhka wka whúiska wfmaCId lrkq ,nk .=Kdx. iy p¾hdj Tn úiska ieneúkaufmkakqï lrkq ,eîuhs iajhx úkh hkafkka woyia jkafka'

hï úÿy,l ^úYd,& jd¾Isl ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijhl §

isÿ jQ i;H isoaêhls' m%Odk wdrdê; wuq;a;d ^úYajúoHd,uydpd¾hjrfhla& wod< isiq ore±ßhkag ;Hd. ,nd foñka isáfhah' yÈisfhau ;Hd.,dNSkaf.a kï m%ldY lsÍfï §je/oaola isÿúh' tkï kï ms<sfj, fjkia úh' fuh isÿjQfha meh folla muK blau f.dia ;sìh §h' jydu t;kgmeñKs ;j;a isiqfjla ^W;aijh ixúOdkhg iïnkaO& kïm%ldY lrñka isá isiqjdf.ka iudj f.k ^ysñysg wefikfia& uhsfl%df*dakh f.k zz±ka úfõlh i|yd ld,h meñKwe;' lreKdlr úkdä myf<djla úfõlh i|yd fjka lrwe;s nj i,lkak' úkdä myf<djlska miqj W;aijfha jevlghq;= kej; wdrïN lrkjd we;' Tn ieug ia;=;shs !ZZ

;Hd. m%odkhg iïnkaO jQ úÿy,am;sjrhd iy m%Odkwdrdê;hd ldrKh jgydf.k úfõlhg msúiqfKdah'



O¾ud[S118 kdhl;ajh

Tn Tfí is;" lh iy jpkh ixjr lr.; hq;=h' 3 tfiauwod< m%;sm;a;s ^;SrK .ekSu i|yd jQ Wmfoia" uÕ fmkaùï iy

uQ,O¾u&" l%shdmámdàka hï hï foa bgql< hq;= wkqms<sfj, ±lafjkúê& iy Í;Ska kshuhka iy fr.=,dis& lv fkdjk mßÈ tajd wkq.ukh lrñka ish kdhl;ajh Èh hq;=hs' ;udf.a fm!oa.,sl jdishi|yd fyda ish ys;j;=kaf.a jdish i|yd fyda mj;sk úkh kS;s Í;sW,a,x>kh fkdl< hq;=h' iajhx úkh iys; kdhlhd(

) kS;s Í;s mj;sk nj okshs'

) tajd fyd¢ka ±k .kshs'

) tajd mej;Sug fya;= jgyd .kshs'

) tajdg .re lrhs'

) tajd woyhs'

) tajd lv fkdlrhs ^ljr fya;=jla ksidj;a&'

id¾Ól;a jh i|yd úkh w;s Yhska u jeo.;a fõ' Tnf.a iajhxúkh Tfí id¾:l;ajh muKla fkdj wka wh ;=<o úkh we;sùugn,md" Tjqkaf.a .re;ajh ,nd" Tjqka ,jd yd Tjqkaf.a iyfhda.hwe;sj wod< ld¾hhka ksufldg wfmaCIs; mrud¾: idOkhg bvm%ia:dj we;s jkq we;'

Tfíiajhxúkh

wka whf.a f.!re;ajh

wka wh ;=<úkh we;s ùu

kdhl;a jmrud¾:bgqùu



119fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

8' Humanly - udkqIsljñksia lug .re lrñka ukqIH ohdfjka lghq ;=lsÍu udkq Isl

ùu hkafkka woyia fõ' lreKdfjka iy wkqlïmdfjka wkq.dñl-hkag ie,lSu kdhlhdf.ka isÿúh hq;=h' fuu .=Kdx.h fkdue;skï" th fn!oaOdkql+, kdhl;ajhg mgyeksh'

ñksid ms<sn| hym;a wdl,amhla kdhlhd ;=< m%:ufhkau;sìh hq;=h' fï ms<sn| uq,§ ú.%y úh' fuu hym;a wdl,amh mej;Sukdhlhdg udkq Isl ùug Wmia :ïNl fõ' wkq .dñlhka wdrCId lsÍu

ke;fyd;a /l .ekSu kdhlfhl= úiska bgql< hq;= ld¾hhls' fuuld¾hh uekúka bgql< yelafla kdhlhd ;=< udkqIsl;ajh keue;s.=Kdx.h we;af;a kï muKs' fuu .=Kh iys; kdhlhd (

) wkq.dñlhka /l .ekSu i|yd wjxl W;aidyhla orhs') wkq.dñlhka /l .ekSu i|yd m%udKj;a W;aidyhla

orhs') wkq.dñlhkaj wka wh bÈßfha mdjd fkdfohs') wkq.dñlhkaf.a ÈhqKqjg ndOd fkdlrhs') wkq.dñlhkaf.a ÈhqKqjg Woõ myiqlï fohs'

iEu mqoa.,fhlau ÿlg wlue;sh' ysxidjg ìhhs' 4 ;ud otfiauh' tfyhska ÿlg m;a jQ mqoa.,hdg wkqlïmdj ±laúh hq;=h'wka whf.a ÿla wju lsÍu i|yd msysg ùu lreKdjhs'

9' Intelligent - nqoaêu;aùukdhlfhl= nqoaêu;a mqoa.,fhl= úh hq;= hhs i|yka lsÍu

idudkH fohls' nqoaêu;alu ta ;rug wjYH nj fmdÿfõ ms<s.efka' lrKShfu;a; iQ;%fhys zksmfldaZ5 hk mofhka woyia jkafka zkqjKe;sfhlaZ úh hq;= njhs' zkqjKZ hk moh fuys,d znqoaêhZ hkakg úl,am mohla f,i jHjydr fõ'

;¾l ls Ífï iy .eg¨ úi£fï udkis l yels hdj nqoa êu;a luhs 'fok ,o fyda mj;sk f;dr;=re Ndú;fhka ta ms<sn| mÍCIdldÍj



O¾ud[S120 kdhl;ajh

is;Sfuka ksYaÑ; ks.ukhlg meñKSfï l%udkql+, l%shdj,sh nqoaêhhkafkka fuys,d ks¾jpkh flf¾' nqoaêu;alu hkafkka my;

i|yka foa o woyia fõ'1' hï f;dr;=rla lshjd wjfndaO lr .ekSu'

2' hï .eg¨jla i|yd wjYH jk f;dr;=re ljf¾o hkak ±k.ekSu'

3' hï .eg¨jla úi£ug ms<s.; yels úi÷ula bÈßm;a lsÍu'

4' .eg¨jl fya;= iy m%;súmdl jgyd .ekSu'

5' hula wkd.;fha§ bf.k .ekSug we;s yelshdj'

Tn nqoaêu;ao@ my; m%Yakj,g wjxlj ms<s;=re iemhSfuka Tn .ek wjfndaOhla Tng ,nd .ekSug yelsfõ'

1' Ndf.g újD;j we;s fodrla mj;S kï th Ndf.g jid we;snj Tn jgyd .kafkys o @

2' hul= wjxl mqoa.,fhla o ke;fyd;a jxl mqoa.,fhla ohkak wjia:d fol ;=kl § jgyd .ekSug Tng yels o @

3' fya;= iys;j fuh mskh fuh mjh hkak ksYaph l<yels o @

4' fya;= iys;j hula wka wh i|yd fyd|h ke;fyd;a fkdfyd|h hkak ksYaph l< yels o @

5' fya;= iys;j hula ud i|yd hym;ah ke;fyd;a whym;ahhkak ksYaph l< yels o @

6' fya;= iys;j hula ;ud i|yd;a wka wh i|yd;a ys;lrhke;fyd;a wys;lrh hkak ksYaph l< yels o @

7' hula isÿùug hï fya;=jla ;sìh hq;= hhs Tn ms<s.;af;yso @ tfia kï ta i|yd n,mE yels fya;= fol ;=kla lsjyels o @

8' hï ;eke;af;la .re l< hq;= mqoa.,fhlao keoao hkakTng ±k .; yels o @



121fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

9' hï hï .eg¨ i|yd tla fya ;=jla fkdj kd kd fya;= we;s nj Tng jegfya o @

10' jákd ld¾hhka fldg Tn id¾:l;ajh ,nd ;sfío@Wla; iEu .eg¨jlgu zTõZ hk ms<s;=r Tng Èh yels kï

Tn b;d nqoaêu;a mqoa.,fhl= úh hq;=hs'

10' Pleasant - m%shYS,s ms%hjd§ njla ;sîu kdhlhl= i;=úh hq;= .=Kdx.hls' m%sh

jpkfhka wkq.dñlhkag fukau iïnkaOjk wka ish¿ fokdgu^.kqfokqlrejkag& l:d l< hq;=h' fï ksid wka whf.a is;a Èkd.ekSug fya;= fõ' Tjqka ;=< Tn ms<sn| leue;a;la yg .kshs' ish¿fokdu mdfya m%sh lrk .;shls m%shYS,s;ajh'

m% shYS,s .=Kh zuqÿZ kñka lrKShfu;a; iQ;% fhys ±la fõ' 6 uqÿhkq uDÿ úh hq;= njhs' uDÿ ùfï úreoaO ;;a;ajh jkqfha zf.dfrdaiq$r¿Z ùuhs' m%shYS,s .=Kh iys; kdhlhd (

) wka whg ys; ßfok jpk l:d fkdlrhs' 7

) m,s.ekSfï woyiska wka whg f.dfrdaiq fyda r¿ fyda kmqre fyda fkdfjhs'

) wkqkg ysxid f.k fok l%shd fkdlrhs'

) jyd fkdlsfmhs'

) zmrhd" W!" uQ" f;da" fnd," jr" m," l;d lrmshZ hkd§jpk Ndú; fkdlrhs'

) zTn" Thd" uy;d" uy;añh" ;=ud" ;=ñh" tkak" hkak" l;dlrkak" wdorKSh" ifydaorhd" ifydaoßh" ys;j;d" ys;j;shZ

hkd§ yels ;rï m%sh jpk l:d lrhs'



123fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

wyfia ;drldjkaf.a i,l=Kq wkqj .e, we§ug kshu

lf<aaa kdhlhdh' bÈßfhau we;s .ef,ys jdä ù ys| wyfia ;re foi n,ñka Wmfoia foñka fufia ldka;drh yrydrd;%sfhys fkdksod kdhlhd we;=¨ msßi .uka l<y' .ukksu ùug ;j we;a f;a tla Èkls ' fjfyi ks id;a ;j tla Èkla muKla we;ehs hk is;=ú,a, ksid;a jQ isf;ys jQ ieye,a ¨j;a lrkfldg f.k kdhlhd fkd±kqj;aju kskaog jegqKs'

úOdkhla fkdweiQ f.dkakq fmrod yqre mqreÿ Èidjgu .e,a weof.k .sfhdah' wrefKdaofha kskafoka wjÈ jQ kdhlhd;re ,l= Kq ne¨fõh' .e,a kdhlhdg isÿ ù we;s foa jegyqKs'jydu .e,a k;r lsÍug wK ÿkafkah' f.kd wdydr mdk ofï jk úg ksu ù ;snqKs' fjf<| msßfiys isá ish,af,dauÿlg;a" ìhg;a" m;aj ;u ;ukaf.a .e,a hgg ù WodiSkj jq-ka y' fnda i;a .e,a kdhlhd muKla l,n, fkdùh' nq oa êu;a jis;d ne,Sh' zzljr fyda fyd| ms<s;=rla m%Yakhg ,eìh hq;=hs'ud ù¾h fkdl<fyd;a wm ish¨ fokdu kiskq we;ZZ hkakTyqg l,amkd jqKs' uola bÈßhg h;au wi, jeù ;snQ B;Km÷rla Tyqf.a ;shqKqoEig yiq úh' fujeks ldka ;drhl B;Km÷rla iEÿfka fmdf<dj hg wksjd¾hfhkau Èh W,am;la we;s ksid hhs is;+ Tyq ish,a, le|jd tu ia:dkh leKSugWmfoia ÿkafkah'

.eUqre j<la iErE úg jyd .,a ;,djla Tjqkg yuq úh' ish¿fokd fuf;la .;a W;a idyh ksr¾:l ù hhs wfmaCId Nx. jQTjqyq WodiSk ù mfilg jQy' tfy;a kdhlhd ish W;aidyhw; yeßfha ke;' fkdmiq nia kd ù¾hh iys ; yErE j,g nei.,a ;,djg lK ;nd ne¨fõh' Tyqg weiqfKaa .,a ;,djháka c,h .,d hk y~h' jyd f.dv ù wi, isá iúu;a ;reKhl= f;dard f.k Tyqg fufia mejiqfõh'



O¾ud[S124 kdhl;ajh

zzYla;su;a ;reKh" Tng wm ish¿ fokdu .,jd .; yelshs'

fï .,a ;,dj háka c,h .,d f.k hhs' ù¾hh f.k fï.,a ;,dj ì¢kak' fï l=¿ f.äh /f.k mßiaifuka j,gnei myr fokak'ZZ

;u kdhlhdf.a uDÿ jpk;a ;ud ms<sn| ±lajQ úYajdih;a lrkfldg f.k WfoHda.su;a jQ ;reKhd ffO¾hjka;jj,g nei l=¿ f.äfhka myr lsysmhla ÿkafkah' ., ì£f.dia uyd Èh l|la Wvg u;= úh' .e,a lrefjda buy;a i;=gg m;a ù ßis fia meka î Èh kEy' Tjqyq wdydr msi ldî f.dkqkag o meka fmdjd br nei .sh miq h<s .uk wdrïNl<y' wka whf.a hym; msKsi tu ia:dkfhys fldähla iú lsÍu o Tjqyq l<y' miq Èk t<sjk úg wod< m%foaYhgmeñKshd jQ Tjqyq nvq wf,ú fldg ,dN f.k fmr<d ;um%foaYhg wdy'1

fuu cd;l l;dfjka Tng l=ula bf.k .; yelso@ my;foa Tng bf.k .; yelsh'

1' kdhlhd l,n, fkdúh hq;=h'

2' nqoaêu;aj úuish hq;=h'

3' m%Yakh úi£ug W;aidy lsÍu'

4' W;aidyh w;r uÕ k;r fkdls Íu ndOl uev ish b,lalhbgqlr .kakd ;=re W;aidy lsÍu&'

5' hï lghq;a;la i|yd iqÿiq wkq.dñlhl= f;dard .ekSu'

6' tu wkq .dñlhdg uDÿ jpkfhka l;dfldg Tyq $ weh ;=<jevg Wkkaÿj we;s lsÍu'

7' meyeÈ,s Wmfoia §u'

fuu cd;l l;dfjka Tng my; i|yka foa kdhlhd ;=<;sìh hq;= nj mila jkq we;'



125fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

fn!oaO cd;l isoaêh ( M, cd;lh

wm uyd fndai;dfKda ;j,ï kdhlfhl= jYfhka wE;m%foaYj,g f.dia nvq wf,ú lr ish Ôú;h ±yeñka f.khk mqoa.,fhl= jQy' Èkla wE; m%foaYhlg wf,úh i|ydnvq .e,a mkaishhla f.k uyd jkdka;rhla ueÈka .uka lrkakg kdhlhdg isÿúh' uyd jkdka;rhg we;=¿ ùugm%:u ish¿ fokdu /ia fldg fï jkdka;rfhys úI f.äiys; .ia ;sìh yels nj;a ;udf.ka úuiSulska f;drjlsisjla mßfNdackh fkdlrk f,i;a kdhlhd úiska Wm-foia fok ,È'

jkdka;rh ueÈka kdhlhd we;=¿ msßi hk úg .ula wi,b;d ±l=ï l¨ f.ä j,ska iukaú; .ila yuq úh' fjfyiksid;a rd;%sh <Õd jQ ksid;a msßi fuu .i hg rd;% sh f.ùugk;r jQy' .fiys f.ä j,ska wU iqj| fuka iqj|la ksl=;a jQ ksid iuyfrla f.ä wkqNj l<y' we;fula kdhlhdf.a wjjdoh u;la ù wkqNj fkdlr kdhlhd <Õg f.dia úuiQy'miqj kdhlhd f.ä mÍCId fldg fuu f.ä wU fuka iqj|jqj;a meyefhka iudk jqj;a wU fkdfõ hhso lsxM, kïúi f.ä hhs o mjid f.ä fkdlk f,i Wmfoia ÿkafkah'tfiau tajd lE whg fnfy;a § jukh lrjk f,i úOdkhÿkafkah'

.fia f.ä ld ñh hk ñksiqkaf.a nvq wdNrK hkdÈh

.ekSug mqreÿj isá wi, .ïjeisfhda miq Èk Wfoka ugf.dkqkah" ug wdNrKh" ug .e,ah" ug nvq hehs lsh lshdwdy' ksfrda.Sj isák .e,alrejka ±l mqÿu ù .i úI .ila nj ±k.;af;a flfia±hs .ïjeisfhda kdhlhdf.ka úuiQy'

Bg ms<s;=re jYfhka kdhlhd fufia mejiqfõh'



O¾ud[S126 kdhl;ajh

zzfï .i ljfrl=g jqjo myiqfjka ke.sh yels fia w;=

we;s .ils' tfiau .i msysgd ;sfnkafka ckhd jik .ula wi,h' lEug iqÿiq f.ä we;s .ila kï fu;rï f.ä ;sìhfkdyelsh' my< tl f.ählaj;a b;= re úh fkdyels hs' uka oks;r ñksiqka meñK lvd .kakd neúks' fï ldrKd wkqjfuu .i úI .ila nj uu ksYaph lf<ñ'ZZ

kdhlhd ish wkq.dñl msßi tfia wdrCId lrf.k.ï-jeishkg o O¾u foaYkd fldg wod< ld¾h i|yd msg;a

fn!oaO cd;l isoaêh ( iïfudaoudk cd;lh

wm uyd fndai;dfKda jgq kdhlhl= jYfhka Wm; ,enQy'i;=ka ovhï lrñka ìß| iuÕ Ôj;ajk jeoaol= wi,Ôj;ajQfhah' ish kdhl;ajh foñka jgq kdhlhd ;u msßigfufia wjjdofldg isáfhah' zzi;=ka ovhïlrejkaf.ka wmsm%fõiï úh hq;=hs' ta i|yd wmf.a iu.sh b;d jákjd' hïf,ilska jeoaod ±, .eiQ miq wms thg wiq jqjfyd;a wm ish¿fokdu tldjka Yla;sh fhdojd ±, Tijd lgq wl=,la u;

oud háka ßx.d huqZZ'

1' .eg¿jlg uqyqK mEug m%:u tjekakla wkqudk fldgwod< msßig ta iïnkaOfhka Wmfoia §u'

2' nqoaêh fufyhjd ;SrK .ekSu' u;= msg we;s ,CIKj,ska fkdj fya;= úuid wOHhkh fldg ;SrKhla .ekSu'

3' wkq.dñlhka wdrCId lrf.k ish mrud¾:h <Õd lr.ekSu'fuu cd;l l;dfjka my; foa W.; yelsh'



127fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

fuu wjjdoh ms<s.;a jgqfjda jgqjeoaod f.ka lsysm Èklau

fíÍ .shy' óg fya;=j Tjqka tlai;aj iu.sfhka wjjdoms<sf.k lghq ;= lsÍuhs ' ovhï fkdue;s j Èk ls ysmhlau ysia w;ska wi;=áka ish ksjig .sh jeoaodg ish ìß|f.ka fodia weiSug;a fjk;a Èú uÕla fidhd .kakd f,ig;a ueisú,sweiSug isÿ úh' túg l,n, fkdjk f,i;a jgqjkaf.a iu.sh flÈkl fyda leã .shodg wmg jdrh tk nj;a Tyqish ìß|g lSfõh'

tla Èkl ish l+vqj,ska ìug nisk úg tla jgqjl=f.a mhwksldf.a ysfia jeÈKs' thska miq onrhla we;s úh' miqjfuu onrhg jgqjka /ila iïnkaO jQy' jdo újdo l<y'jgq kdhlhd újdofha iy wiu.sfha wd§kj Tjqkg meyeÈ,sl<;a Tjqyq th fkdms<s.;ay' miqj jgq kdhlhd ish msßif.k fjk;a .ilg .sfhah'

jeoa od wjq;a jgq y~ ke.Sfuka th weiQ jgqfjda /ia jQy' Tjqka u;g ±, jegqKs' fjkod fuka ±, tiùug tla jgqfjlaj;a bÈßm;a fkdùh' wiq jQish¿ jgqjka w,a ,d f.or f.k f.dia urd jeoaod ish ìß| iuÕ tlaj wdydrhg .;af;ah' 3

1' wkq.dñlhkaf.a wdrCIdj .ek l,ska is;Su iy th bgqlsÍu i|yd iqÿiq Wmdh ud¾.hla ;SrKh lsÍu'

2' wdrCIl l%uh wkq.dñlhla fj; l,a ;shd uekúka ikaksfõokh lsÍu'

3' ish kdhlhd ms<s n| úYAjdi ;nd fok ,o wjjdo ms <sf.kta wkqj lghq;= lsÍu'

4' jdo újdoj,ska f;drj .egqï we;s fkdlrf.k mrud¾:hlrd tlais;aj iu.sfhka l%shd lsÍu'

wdh;k ÈhqKqj msKsi iajdñ - fiajl hq;=lï moaO;shla isÕdf,da jdo iQ;%fhys nqÿrcdKka jyka fia foa Ykd l< fia l' kdhlhd



O¾ud[S128 kdhl;ajh

iajdñhd jYfhka fuys,d ie,lsh yelsh' ke;fyd;a kdhlhdiajdñhdf.a ksfhdað;hd jYfhka ie,lsh yelsh' tfia;a ke;akï

wkq.dñlhka f.a iajdñhd jYfhka kdhlhd ie,lS u idjoH fkdfõ'kdhlhd úiska (

1' wkq.dñlhkaf.a Yla;sh" yelshdj hkdÈh i,ld Tyqg$wehg l< yels jev lghq;=j, fhÈh hq;=fõ' Tjqkag udkislj

fyda YdÍßlj mSvdjg m;a fkdjk f,i Tjqkaf.ka wod<lghq;= isÿ lrjd .; hq;=h'

2' wkq.dñlhdg iq ÿiqm%udKj;a jegqmla f.úh hq ;=h' ke;fyd;a f.ùu i|yd ks¾foaY l< hq;=h' wkq.dñlhdf.a úúO uQ,slwjYH;d ^wdydrmdk" we÷ï me<÷ï" ksjdi hkd§& yd wfkl=;a

mqoa.,sl wjYH;d bgqlr .ekSug yels jk m%udKj;a fõ;khla wkq.dñlhdg ,eìh hq;=h'

3' wkq.dñlhd .s,ka jQ l< uekúka ie,lSu l< hq;=h'

wkq.dñlhd wikSmjQ úg wjYH ffjoH m%;sldr ,nd.ekSu i|yd myiq lï ,nd §u is ÿ l< hq ;=h' wkq.dñlhka f.a fi!LHhg ys;lr wdrCIs; mßirhla ks¾udKh l< hq;=h'

4' úfYaI wdydrmdk wdÈh wkq.dñlhka iuÕ fnod .ekSul< hq ;=h' kdhlhdg iïnka O m% S;su;a wjia :djl § ke;fyd;a

wdh;khg iïnkaO m%S;su;a wjia:djl § wkq.dñlhkag ix.%yl< hq;=h' kdhlhdf.a m%S;sh i;=g wkq.dñlhka iuÕ fnod yod.; hq;=h'

5' kshñ; ld,fha § wkq.dñlhka yg úfõl ,nd Èh hq;=h'm%udKh blaujd jev fkdf.k ksis fj,djg wkq.dñlhkajjevj,ska ksoyia l< hq;=h' túg wkq.dñlhdg úfõlhla .ekSug o ish fm!oa.,sl Ôú;fha úúO wjYH;d bgqlr.ekSug o ld,h ,efí'

fï ish¿ hq;=lï bgqlsÍug kdhlhd ;=< udkqIsl;aj.=Kdx.h ;sîu w;HdjYHh' tfiau ;Hd.jka; .=Kh o úfYaIfhka



129fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

;sìh hq;=h' fufia kdhlhd úiska ish hq;=lï bgqlrkq ,nk úgwkq.dñlhd o ish hq;=lï bgq lsÍug fm<fUkq we;' isÕdf,dajdo

iQ;%hg wkqj wkq.dñlfhl=g ^fiajlfhl=g& wh;a hq;=lï 05 my;±lafõ'

1' iajdñhdg fmr msì§ jev lghq;= weröu'^kdhlhdg fmr wjÈj wod< jev lghq;= lsÍug" wdh;khg

meñK jev wdrïN lsÍu'&

2' iajdñhdg miqj ksod .ekSu'

^kdhlhd fiajd ia:dkfhka neyer ù .sh miqjo ;u lghq;=fkdmsßfy,d bgqfldg fiajd ia:dkfhka ksis fõ,djg neyerùu'&

3' ;ud fj; ÿkakd jQ foa muKla .ekSu'^kdhlhd i;= fyda wdh;kh i;= jia ;+ka iy foa m< fkdf.k

;ud fj; fok ,o foa muKla .ekSu'&

4' ;ud fj; mejrE lghq;= ksis f,i bgq lsÍu'^wkq.dñlhdg wh;a rdcldÍ kshñ; mßÈ kdhlhd wfmaCIdlrk mßÈ id¾:lj bgq lsÍu'&

5' iajdñhdf.a .=K me;srùu' 4

^kdhlhdf.a iy wdh;kfha fyd| ku /lf.k th j¾OkhlsÍu msKsi .=K m%ldY lsÍu'&



O¾ud[S130 kdhl;ajh

11 mßÉfþoh

;SrK .ekSu

kdhlhl=f.a jeo.;au ld¾hhla jkqfha lKavdhu uqyqKfok m%Yak i|yd ksjerÈ úi÷ï ksYaph lsÍuhs' tfia ksYaph l<úi÷ï ksis whqßka l%shd;aul lsÍu o l< hq;=h' ;SrK .ekSu iy

tajd l%shd;aul lsÍu kdhlhl=f.a jeo.;au ld¾hh jYfhka i|yka lsÍu idjoH fkdfõ' ula ksid o h;a ;SrK fkdue;skï mrud¾:fkdue;' l=ula l< hq;= o" ljqre l< hq;= o" flfia l< hq;= o" ljodl< hq;= o" fld;ek§ l< hq;= o hkak meyeÈ,s úksYaphka" ;Skaÿke;' túg wid¾:l;ajh wksjd¾hfhkau we;sjkq we;'

;SrKhla .ekSug isÿjkqfha .eg¨jla úi|d .ekSu i|ydh'nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< O¾uhg wkqj kdhlhl= ;SrK .; hq;af;a flfia o hkak ú.%y lsÍu fuu mßÉfþofha wruqKhs' p;=rd¾hi;Hh fuys,d w;sYhskau jeo.;a fõ' p;=rd¾h i;Hh hkq fïf,dalfha fY%aIaG iy W;=ï we;a; i;rhs' tkï"

1' ÿlaL wd¾h i;Hh^ÿl hkq l=ula ±hs ú.%y fõ'&

2' ÿlaL iuqoh wd¾h i;Hh^ÿl we;sùug fya;= jQ ;DIaKdj ms<sn|j ú.%y fõ'&



O¾ud[S132 kdhl;ajh

oyfï uQ,sl b.ekaùuls fya;=M, iïnkaOh ms<sn| foaYkdj' fuhir,j my; ±lafõ'

fya;=M, oyu hkq hï ksYaÑ; fya;=jla uq,alr f.kM,hla we;sjk nj;a tu ksYaÑ; fya;=j ke;sùfuka M,h ke;sjk

nj;ah'

fya;=j M,h

fya;=j A kñkao M,h B kñkao ixfla;j;a flf¾ kï"

A B

fï wkqj"

B we;s jkafka A ksidh'

A fkdue;s kï B yg fkd.kshs'

A fkdue;s kï B o fkdue;s fjhs' 3

fï wkqj"

A iy B w;r fya;=M, iïnkaOhla mj;skq ,efí'

A ;Kaydj hhs o B ÿl hhs o is;uq' ;Kaydj fya;=j jkw;r ÿl M,h fõ' ÿl keue;s M,h yg .kafka ;Kaydj keue;sfya;=j ksidh' ;Kaydj ke;s úg ÿl ke;sfõ' ;Kaydj we;s úg ÿlwe;sfõ' ÿlg fya;=j ;Kaydjhs'

fï wkqj kEu .eg¨jla i|yd fya ;=jla ;sìh hq ;=h' we;eïúg tla fya;=jlg jvd ;sìh yelsh' túg ta ish¨ fya;= fidhd

hula yg.ekSug fya;=jla ;sfí' yg.;a hu" M,h kñka ye¢kafõ' M,h i|yd fya;=jla ;sìh hq;=uh' 2



O¾ud[S134 kdhl;ajh

NdKav& ñ, my; hdu hhs is;kak' fojk ksoiqk i|yd ^jvd oCIwkq.dñlhka wdh;kh yer hdu& fya ;=j Wiia ùfï wjia :d fkd;s îu

hhs is;kak' fï wkqj fya;=j ksYaÑ; jYfhkau ke;s l< hq;=h'ke;fyd;a tys n,mEu ;=rka l< hq;=h'

úi÷u ;SrKh lsÍfuka miqj úi£fï u. ;SrKh l< hq;=h'Wla ; m%:u ksoiqkg wkq j úi÷u jkqfha wdfoaYl NdKa vj, n,mEu;=rka lsÍuhs' fï i|yd úi£fï uÕ ;SrKh l< hq;=h' wdfoaYlNdKavj, ñ,g iudk ñ,la kshu lsÍu iy ta nj mdßfNda.slhkag

jydu ukdj ±kqï §u úi÷ï ud¾.h úh yelsh' ke;fyd;a wdfoaYlNdKa vj,g jvd ;u NdKavfhys .= K;a jh iy $ fyda m%udKh we;a ;jYfhkau jeä kï& jeä nj m%pdrh l< hq;=h' fojk ksoiqkgwkqj úi÷u jkqfha Wiia ùfï wjia:d we;s lsÍuhs' fï i|yd úi÷ïuÕ úh yelafla kj Wiia ;k;=re we;s lsÍu" tajdg wod< fõ;k"rdcldÍ" jrm%ido iy ;k;= re kdu we;s lsÍu" ta i|yd f;da rd .kakdúê ;SrKh lsÍu iy fïjd ms<sn| m%udKj;a ikaksfõokhla wod<

wkq.dñl msßi fj; isÿ lsÍuhs'

fya;=M, iïnkaOh máÉpiuqmamdoO¾uh kñka ye¢kafõ'máÉpiuqmamdo O¾uh ir, fohla f,i fmkqK o ieneúkauth tfia fkdfõ' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska wdkkao ysñhkagmáÉpiuqmamdo O¾uh myiq fkdj .eUqre nj;a" th ksishdldrjwjfndaO lr .ekSug fkdyels ùu ksid i;ajfhda úúO .eg¨j,g

uqyqK § iif¾ w;rux jk nj;a wmdfha mjd ÿla ú¢ñka Wm; ,nknj;a jod< fial' 4 máÉpiuqmamdo O¾uh wkqf,dau jYfhka ydmáf,dau jYfhka újrKh lr we;' wkqf,dau f,iska jQ újrKhmy; rEmfhka fmkajd we;'



135fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

fya;=j wúoHdj^p;=rd¾h i;Hh fkd±kSu&

M,h ^fya;=j& ixialdr we;sùu^;sfodßka lrk l=i,dl=i, /ia lsÍu&

M,h ^fya;=j& ú[a[dKh^m%;sikaê is; we;sùu&

M,h ^fya;=j& kdu rEm we;s ùuhkd§ ûki iy YÍrh hk wx. fofla

tl;=j&

i<dh;kh^wdh;k ih ( wei" lK"kdih" Èj" YÍrh iy uki keue;sbkaøSh ih&

iam¾Yh fyj;a Miai^bkaøsh" wruqK yd ú[a[dKh hk;=k tlg tl;= ùu&

fõokdj fyj;a úkaokhîem" ÿl fyda uOHia: fõokd&

;Kaydj fyj;a ;DIaKdj^wdYdj&

Wmdodkhîs;ska ±äj w,a,d .ekSu&

Njhîir meje;au&



O¾ud[S136 kdhl;ajh

cd;sh^Njfhys Wm; ,eîu&

crd - urK^uy¨ ùu" f,v ùu" urKh

wd§ ÿla we;sùu&5

Wla; wkqf,dau máÉpiuqmamdo O¾ufhka kdhlhl=g .eg¨úi£fuys,d W.; yels foa my; ±lafõ'

1' .eg¨jlg fya;= .Kkdjla ;sìh yels nj kd kd úê fya;=we;s nj&'

2' M,hla ^lsishï fya ;=jla ksid we;s jk& ;j;a M,hla we;sùugfya;=N+; ùu'

3' fya;= iy M, w;r meyeÈ,s iïnkaO;djla ;sîu'

4' fya;=j ke;s lsÍfuka M,h ke;s lr.; yels ùu'máÉpiuqmamdo O¾uh wdh;k l<ukdldß;ajh fj; fh-

dod.; yelso@ mq¿jk' iEu wdh;khlgu .kqfokqlrefjda isá;s'.kqfokqlrefjda hkq wdh;kfha NdKavh fyda NdKav& fyda fiajh^fyda fiajd& ñ,§ .kq ,nk mqoa.,fhdah' Tjqka ;Dma;su;a lrkafka flfia o hka k wdh;k kdhlhl= uqyqK fok b;d jeo.;a .eg¨jls 'fuu .eg¨j my; mßÈ ú.%y l< yels fõ'

.eg¨j mdßfNda.sl w;Dma;sh

fya;=j mdßfNda.sl wfmaCId bgq fkdùu

NdKAvfha fyda fiajfha wfmaCIdbgqlsÍfï yelshdj fkdue;slu



137fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

NdKavfha fyda fiajfha wod< wx.uq¿ukskau fkdue;súu fyda

m%udKj;aj fkd;sîu'

wjYH wx. cks; fkdlsÍu'

wjYH wx. y÷kd fkd.ekSu'

m%udKj;a wOHhkhla fkdlsÍu'

ksjerÈ u.fmkaùula fkd;sîu'

kdhlhl=g uqyqK §ug isÿjk m%Odk .eg¨jla jkqfha l,flda,dy, úi£uhs' l,flda,dy, hkq .egqï fõ' l,flda,dy,ziudc ÿlZ jYfhka .efka' fuys,d wdo¾Yhla .; yels foaYkdjla uyd ksodk iQ;%fhys i|ykaj we;' 6 iudc ÿl wkqf,dau máÉpiuq-

mamdo kHdh wkqj my; ú.%y flf¾'

;Kaydj

rEmd§ wruqKq fiùu

,eîu

fyd| fyda krl f,i úksYaph lsÍu

we,Su

ysñlu ms<sn| yeÕSu

ysñlr .ekSu



O¾ud[S138 kdhl;ajh

uiqrelu^wka whg ,nd fkd§ ;udu

ysñlr f.k isàu&

wdrCId lsÍu

o~q uq.=re ±Íu" wú ±Íu"l,flda,dy," újdo" wmydi" fla,dï lSu"fndre lSu hkd§ wl=i, l¾u isÿùu'

w±yeñ iudchla fyj;a ±yeñ fkdjk iudchla we;sjka fka wehs hkak o m%Odk iudc .eg¨jls' w±yeñ iudchla hkq foudm-

shkg fkdi,lk" .=rejrekg wlSlre" meúoaokag .re fkdlrk"ÿis,aj;a iudchls' fujeks iudchla we;s jkafka ukao hkakplalj;a;s iSykdo iQ;%fhys 7 ú.%y lr we;' ta wkqj (

ÿmam;=kag Okh fkd,eîu

È<s÷lu jeäùu

fidrlu jeäùu

foam< /l .ekSfï ìh

wú wdhqO nyq,ùu

m%dK>d;h

fndre lSu yd fla<dï lSu

jerÈ ldu fiajkh

r¿ jpk yd ysia jpk Ndú;h



139fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

ñ;Hd oDIaÀh we;sùu

foudmshkag" .=rejrekag" meúoaokag fkdi,lkw±yeñ iudchla we;sùu'

Wla ; ú.% yfhka ÿma m;=ka g Okh ,eîug ie,eia ùfuka ±yeñiudchla f.dvke.sh yels nj fmkakqï flf¾'

;SrK .ekSfï§ bjy,a lr.; yels fn!oaO b.ekaùulsfyd|- krl úksYaph ms<sn| ks¾Kdhl ' m%Odk ks¾Kdhl ;=kla b.ekafõ'1' fÉ;kdj

fï wkqj fÉ;kdj mokï lrf.k ;SrKh fyd| o krl ohkak ;SrKh flf¾' ksífíêl iQ;%h 8 wkqj fÉ;kdj l¾uh jkqwe;ehsnqÿrcdKka jyka fia jod< fia l' is ;=ú,a ,la fyj;a fÉ;kdjla uq,alrf.k isÿ lrk l%shdjka l¾u jk w;r is;=ú,a, krl fyda

fyd| fyda úh yelsh' krl is;=ú,s j¾. ;=kls' tkï f,daNh"oafõYh iy fudayh' 9 fyd| is;=ú,s o j¾. ;=klg fnfoa' tkïwf,daN fÉ;kdj" woafõY fÉ;kdj iy wfuday fÉ;kdj hkqfjks'fÉ;kdj uq,a ù lh" jpkh iy uki hk ;=kafodßka fyd| l¾u^l=i,a& iy krl l¾u ^wl=i,a& isÿfõ' ;SrKhla .kq ,nkafka krl fÉ;kdjlska kï tu ;SrKh krl ;SrKhla jkq we;' .kq,nk ;SrKh fyd| fÉ;kdjlska .kafka kï th fyd| ;SrKhla

jkq we;'10

2' ;SrKh ksid we;sjk m%;sM,

;SrKh fya;=fldg f.k cks; jk m%;sM, wkqj hï lsis;SrKhla fyd|h fyda krlh fyda lshd úksYa ph ls Íu is ÿfõ' ;S rKhu.ska ;udg ÿlafoa o" wkqkg ÿlafoa o iy ;udg;a wkqkg;a ÿlafoa ohkak úuid ne,Su isÿúh hq;=h' 11 lsishï ;SrKhla ksid ;udg ÿla we;sfõ kï th ksjerÈ ;SrKhla fkdjkq we;' tfiau ;udg ÿla f.k fkd§ wka whg ÿla f.k foa kï o tu ;SrKh ks jerÈ fkdfõ';udg;a wkqkag;a ÿlaf.k foa kï ;SrKh jvd jerÈ iy.;h'



O¾ud[S140 kdhl;ajh

3' kqjKe;a;ka $ úfYaI{hkaf.a wkque;sh

kqjKe;a;ka úiska .kakd ,o ;SrKh wkqu; lrkafka kï tu ;SrKh fyd| f,i o tfia Tjqka úiska wkqu; fkdlrkq,nkafka kï ;SrKh krl f,i o ks.ukh flf¾'

Wla ; ks ¾Kdhl ;= k Ndú;h u.s ka hï ;S rKhl fyd| krlúksYaph l< hq;= nj nqÿoyfï b.ekafõ' ld,du iQ;%fhys i|yka mßÈ my; i|yka l%u oyfhka tlla j;a fyd| - krl" yß- jerÈúksYaphg ;kslr m%udKj;a ñkqï o~q fkdfõ'

1' wkqY%jh ^jd¾;d&

2' mdrïmßl úYajdih

3' fmr fufia lshd we;s ksid

4' fmd;mf;a tk ksid

5' ;¾lhg .e<fmk ksid

6' kHdhlg .e<fmk ksid

7' l,amkdjg wkqrEm ksid

8' oDIaáhlg .e<fmk ksid

9' fyd| hehs fmfkk ksid

10' wmf.a wdpd¾hjrhd ksid 12



141fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

12 mßÉfþoh

±yeñ rdcH kdhlhd

rdcH kdhlhl= hka fkka woyia jkafka rfÜ fmdÿ ck;dj"fmdÿ foam, yd fmdÿ rdcH wdh;k md,khg iïnkaO jk ck;dksfhda ð;fhls ^ck;d Pka ofhka m;a jQ&' ckdêm;s" w.ue;s " weu;sjre"uka ;% Sjre hkd§ md¾Yjhka fuys ,d rdcH kdhlhka jYfhka ie,fla '±yeñ rdcH kdhlhl= hkq ljfrl= o@ fuu m%Ya khg id¾:l ms <s;=rla fn!oaO b.ekaùï w;r mj;shs' wod< fn!oaO b.ekaùï fuu wjidkmßÉfþofha ú.%y fõ'

1' uQ,sl ilaú;s j;a plalj;a;s iSykdo iQ;%fhys 1 mrudo¾YS Od¾ñl fn!oaO

rdcH kdhlhd ^rcl=& ms<sn| úia;r i|yka fõ' uQ,sl ilaú;s j;a y;rls'

) Od¾ñlj rg md,kh lsßu'

) ñksia iy wfkl=;a i;a;aj Ôú; iqrCIs; lsÍu'

) wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh we;s lsßu'

) is,a j;a uyK nuq Kka f.ka wod< fCIa ;%j, ksmqK;dwe;s úfYaI{hkaf.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu'

rdcH kdhlhd ±yefuka fifuka rg md,kh l< hq;=h'tys,d zO¾uhZ ±k .; hq ;=h' thg .re l< hq ;=h' th wêm;s jYfhka



O¾ud[S142 kdhl;ajh

ie,lsh hq;=h' O¾udkq l+, mrud¾: we;s lr.; hq;= w;r úúO ;SrK.ekSfï § O¾uhg wkqj ;SrK .; hq;=h'

;u wUq orejka" ish n, fiakdj o" rdcH ;dka;%slhka o"n%dyauK .Dym;shka o" .ï okï jeishka o" uyK nuqKka o hkd§ñksia Ôú; wdrCId lsÍu l< hq;=h' ñksia Ôú; wdrCId fkdjkrgl jdih lsÍug lsisÿ ñksfila leue;s fkdfjhs' wOd¾ñl ls%hdisÿ fkdjk whqßka lghq;= lsÍu wjYHhhs'

rgla wd¾Ól jYfhka ^ck;djg w;HdjYH NdKav yd

fiajdjka o wfkl=;a wjYH NdKav yd fiajdjka o ksIamdokh jeälsßu u.ska& ÈhqKq l< hq;=h' ÿmam;alu ;=rka l< hq;=h' tys,d È<s÷ckhdg Okh ,nd § wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg Tjq ka j odhl lr .; hq ;=h'fuf;la imhd fkd.;a Okh imhd .ekS ug;a imhd.;a Okh kdia ;sfkdlr uekúka mßyrKh lsßu;a l< hq;=h' wêmßfNdackfhka yd uomßfNdackfhka bj;aj wrmsßueiafuka Okh mßfNdackh l<hq;=h'2

is,aj;a uyK nuqKka lrd f.dia rg md,khg úúO .eg¨úi£ug wjYH wjjdo wkqYdikd kdhlhd úiska ,nd .; hq;=h'wod< lafIa;%j, by< ±kqu yd l=i,;d we;s úfYaI{hkaf.ka ^úYdrohkaf.ka& Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu o fuu j;g wh;a fõ' 3

2' ima ; wmßydksh O¾u wmßydksh hkq fkdmsßySuhs' ima; wmßydksh O¾u hkq

hym;a md,lfhl= ^kdhlhl=& úiska fkdmsßySug .=re fldg.;hq;= uQ,O¾u y;ls' fuu uQ,O¾u y; wkq.ukh lrñka nqoaOld,Sk jÊð rcorejkaf.a rdcH md,kh isÿúh' Tjqkaf.a md,khYla;su;aj iy ia:djrj mj;ajdf.k hdug fuu O¾u y; bjy,a jQ nj nqÿrcdKkajykafia jod< fial' wmßydksh O¾u y; my;±lafõ'



143fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

1' ks;r /iaùu md,kh isÿlrf.k hk úg úúO .eg¨ u;= ùu iajNdúlh'

.eg¨ u;= jQ úg tajd úi|d .ekSu ;ksj isÿ fkdl< hq;=h' wod<msßi /iaù idlÉPd fldg .eg¨ úi£fï l%shdud¾. ;SrKh l<hq;=h'

2' iu.s fhka /ia ù iu.sfhka úisr hdu yd ;S rK iu.s fhka l%shd;aul lsßu'wod< msßi ^kdhlhdo we;=¿j& iu.sfhka /ia úh hq;=h'

iu.sfhka idlÉPd fldg ;SrK .; hq;=h' miqj iu.sfhka úisrhd hq;=h' .;a ;SrK iu.sfhka l%shd;aul l< hq;=h' .kakd ;SrK;ks mqoa.,fhl=f.a ;SrK fkdj iduQysl ;SrKh' tfyhska /ia jQieufokdgu ;SrKh l%shd;aul lsßug leue;a;la we;sjk w;rtfia id¾:lj l%shd;aul lsÍug j.lSula o we;s fõ'

3' fkdt<ô ;SrK l%shd;aul fkdlsßu yd t<ô ;SrKl%shd;aul lsÍu'

idlÉPd fldg .kakd ,o ;SrK kS;s Í;s" m%;sm;a;s& l%shdjgkexúh hq;=h' fkd.kakd ,o foa l%shdjg fkdkexúh hq;=h' mek jQkshu jQ kS;s Í;s ms<sf.k wkq.ukh l< hq;=h' tajd W,a,x>khfkdl< hq;=h'

4' jeäys á mqoa ., u;hg" iudcfha fuf;la mej; wd iïm%odhg.re lsÍu'

jeäysá mqoa.,fhda fndfyda w;a±lSï whfj;s' Tjqkaf.a w;a±lSï wkqj mokï jQ u;hkag tfrys fkdúh hq;=h' fï olajdwdrCId fldg mej; wd idudÔh j;a ms<sfj;aj,g .re l< hq;=h'tajdg mgyeksj l%shd fkdl< hq;=h'

5' ia;%Ska l=, l=ußhka nf,ka weo mqreI jiÕhg fkd.ekSuújdy fkdjQ l=, l=ußhkag wjYH jQ wdrCIdj ,nd Èh

hq;=h' ia;%Ska nf,ka ;u lduql wjYH;d bgqlr .ekSu i|ydNdú; fkdl< hq;=h'



O¾ud[S144 kdhl;ajh

6' iudcfha mQckSh;ajhg md;% jQ ia:dk wdrlaId fldg f.!rjlsÍu

wod< m%foaYfhys mj;akd mQckSh ia:dk wdrCId lrñka tajd +.re lsÍu l< hq;=h' rdcH we;=<; yd msg; tn÷ ia:dkkv;a;= lsÍug Woõ lsßu'

7' wdOHd;a ñl jYfhka ÈhqKqW;=uka i|yd wjYH /ljrKhie,iSu' 4

wd.ñl mQcH mCIhg myiqlï ie,iSu l< hq;=h' TjqkajwdrCId lsÍu l< hq;=h'

by; uQ,O¾u wkq.ukh fkdlrk kdhlhd mßydksh lrdhhs' Tyqf.a $ wehf.a rdcHfhys meje;au ia:djr fkdjkq we;'

3' oi rdcO¾ukdhlhl= ^md,lhl=& i;=úh hq;= fY%aIaG .=K O¾u 10 la

oi rdcO¾ufhka b.ekafõ' md,lhl= fj; mej;sh hq;= hhs±la fjk oi rdcO¾u fn!oa O md,lhl= f.a muKla fkdj iEu hym;a md,lhl= fj;u mej;sh hq;= .=KO¾ufhda fj;s' oi rdcO¾u my;i|yka fõ'

) odkh wd.ñl w¾:hg jvd wd¾Ól o¾Yk w¾:h fuys,d wod<

fõ' rdcH md,khg wod<j odkh hkafkka woyia jkafka

wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|yd;a È<s÷lu ;=rka lsÍu i|yd;a wjYHjk lghq;= rch úiska iïmdokh l< hq;= njhs' lDIsl¾uh"fjf<|du" ksIamdokh hkdÈfhys ksr; mqoa.,hka yd wdh;ki|yd wjYH m%d.aOk ^uqo,a yd wfkl=;a j;alï& myiqlïiyk Kh jYfhka fyda mß;Hd. jYfhka fyda ,nd Èhhq;=h' iqÿiqlï ,;a mqoa.,hkag rdcH fiajfha /lshd ,ndÈh hq;=h' §u i|yd zodkhZ ms<sn| .=Khka kdhlhdg ;sìh hq;=h'



145fn!oaO uQ,O¾u ) YS,h

kdhlhd ;=< iqpß;h ;sìh hq;=h' lh iy jpk folixjr lr .ekSfï yelshdj kdhlhd ;=< ;sîu wjYHh h' túg

wka whg wdo¾Yfhka kdhl;ajh ,nd foñka wka whj hym;a ud¾.fha heùug uÕfmkaùu ,nd §ug Yla;sh we;s fõ'

) mß;Hd.h md,lhd úiska ish Ôú;h f.jkq ,nkafka fmdÿuyck;djf.a whnÿ j,s ks' fmdÿ Okh is h fm!oa .,s l iq LúyrKhg fkdfhdod whnÿ f.jkakkaf.a ðjk ;;a;ajhWiia lsÍu i|yd l%shd lsÍfï yelshdj mß;Hd.h kñka woyia fõ' ish ld,h" udkisl Yla;sh" YdÍßl Yla;sh"

Okh yd iqj myiqj rg jeishdf.a wNsjDoaêh ;ld lem l< yels.=Kh mß;Hd.h fõ'

) Rcq njúúO m%Yakj,§ hï hï md¾Yjhkag .e;s fkdù ^{d;s"ys;j;=ka hkd§& whqla;sh" widOdrKh msgq ±l hqla;sh ydidOdrK;ajh bgqlsÍfï yelshdj kdhlhdg ;sìh hq;=h'

weo ke;sj tla mCIhlg .e;s fkdù hg;a msßfika nyq;rhlf.a whym;g fya;=jk ;SrK fkdf.k wd;au Yla;sh we;sj wjxlj;SrK .ekSfï yelshdj ;sìh hq;=h'

) uDÿ nj±ä kS;s Í;s fkdmkjñka ys;=jlaldr iy lDDrlfuka

f;drj ys;jd§j lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdjla kdhlhdg ;sìh hq;=h'ksoyig uyck;dj leu;s fj;s ' thg ydks jk mßÈ mSvdldÍ fkdùuúh hq;=h'

) ;fmda .=Kh;fmda .=Kh hkq ;mia .=Khhs' tkï rdcH md,kh

keue;s ld¾hhg uq,a ;ek foñka wêl f,i ish b÷rka mskùuisÿ fkdlrk zrdc WIaKhZ fkdue;s .=Kh ñka woyia fõ' rciïm;a ú¢ñka muK blaujd b÷rka mskùu isÿ fkdlr bkaøshoukfhka hq;= ùuhs' jxl iy wjxl j¾Kkd" n,h yd Okh



O¾ud[S146 kdhl;ajh

talrdYS ùu hkdÈfhka wyxldr fkdù bkaøsh oukfhka hqla; mqoa.,fhl= ùu kdhlhd i;= .=Khls'

) wfl%daOhwka whg ffjr fkdlsÍu wfl%daOhhs' fuh b;d jeo.;a .=Khls' fl%daOh ksid uki ¥Is; jk w;r túg ksjerÈhym;a ;SrK .ekSug fkdyels fõ'

) wúysxidjoro~q f,i ck;dj fkdfmf<k ysxikfhka f;drjQ

.=Kh wúysxidjhs' fmdÿ kS;s Í;s W,a,x>Kh lrk mqoa.,hkagksis o~qjï fkdÈh hq;= nj ñka woyia fkdfõ' jrÈka uqojdhymf;ys fhoùu i|yd;a ñksia yd foam< wdrCId lsÍui|yd;a ¥Is; idmrdë mqoa.,hkag o~qjï Èh hq;=h'

) laIdka;shlaIdka;sh hkq bjiSfï .=Khhs' hym;a ksjerÈ md,lhl=ùu i|yd ukd bjiS u w;HjYHh' fuh mq ÿudldr bjiSula úh hq;=h' tfiau th b;d jákd O¾uhls'

) wúfrdaO;djwúfrdaO;dj hkq fkd.efgk iq¿ njhs ' úreoaO wdl,a mj,s ka

f;drj fmdÿ ck;d y~g ukdj ijka § Tjqkag ldreKslùu md,lhd isÿ l< hq;=h' mriamr úfrdaë woyia" Woyia"

wruqqKq" p¾hd we;s mqoa.,hka iuÕ fkd.eà kdhl;ajmrud¾: bgqlr .ekSug we;s .=Kh wúfrdaO;djhs'

fuu .=Kdx. ish,a,u ishhg ishhlau cks; lr .ekSu b;dÿIalr lghqla;la nj wuq;=fjka i|yka l< hq;= ke;' ÿIalr fohla id¾:lj l%shdjg kexùu w;súYsIagfõ' yqfola l,ams;hla fia fuuoi rdcO¾u i,ld neyer lsÍu lsisfia;au wkqu; l< fkdyelsh'hg;a msßfika Wla; .=Kdx.j,ska nyq;rhla fyda ;sìh hq;=h'



147fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

4' i;r w.;sj,ska je<lS fï uQ,O¾uhi;r w.;s hkq Pkaoh" oafõIh" Nh iy fudayhhs' 5

) PkaohPkaoh hkq tla tla foa iïnkaOfhka mqoa.,hd ;=< we;s

leue;a;hs' ;SrK .ekSfï§ ish mqoa.,sl wdYd" {d;s iïnkaO;d",dN m%fhdackh" mCImd;s;ajh hkdÈh u; lghq;= lsÍu ñka woyia fõ' ksjerÈ ±yeñ kdhl;ajhla i|yd fuhska je<lshhq;=h' ish fm!oa.,sl leue;a; fyda ;ud i,lk ;udg wjYH

wka whf.a leue;a; wkqj fkdj iqÿiaidg iqÿiq ;ek Èhhq;=h' ksis rdcldÍ lghq;= mejßh hq;=h' id¾:lj lsÍugfkdyels foa fkdmejÍu l< hq;=h'

) oafõIhfl%da Ofhka fyj;a ffjrfhka fm<Su fojk w.;s hhs' fuhs ka

je<lSu ±yeñ kdhl;ajhlg wjYH fõ' fï ms<sn|j fuhg m%:u

ú.%y ù we;') Nh

ish ue;s weu;sjreka " fiiq ks,OdÍka " fjk;a md,lhka hkd§md¾Yjhkaf.ka ;udg ydks isÿfj;ehs hk NS;sh Nh kñka ye¢kafõ' fï ksid ielh u;= ù fkdfhl=;a widOdrKlïj,ska wka whg ie,lSug;a Tjqkag lror lsÍug;a

kdhlhd fm<ôh yelsh' fï ksid úúO .eg¨ u;= fjhs' ;ud ;=<is,aj;alula fkd;sîu;a" ;ud wd;aud¾:fhka jev lsÍu;a lrk fldgf.k fuu Nh we;s fjhs' Nh keue;s w.;sfhka

ñ§ug is,aj;alu" mrd¾:lduh iy hym;a pß;h fya;= fõ'

) fudayhfudayh hkq fudavluhs ' fudavlu we;sjkqfha kQ .;alu ydnqoaêySk;ajh ks idh' fuda yh is h¨ jerÈ l% shdjka g uq,a jk

wl=i, uQ,hla ksid th w.;shls' fuu w.;sfhka je<lSuw;HjYHh h' tfia fkdjqKfyd;a kdhlhdg yeß jeroao"



O¾ud[S148 kdhl;ajh

fyd| fkdfyd|" iqÿiaid kqiqÿiaid" hqla;sh whqla;sh ydl< hqla; fkdl< hqla; jgyd .ekSug Yla;shla fkdue;s

jkq we;' W.;alu yd nqoaêh fudayh ke;s lsÍug fya;=jkq we;'

fuu i;r w.;s fhka je<lS lghq ;=lrk kdhlhd mq r mCIf-ha i| fuka ÈhqKqjk nj;a i;r w.;sfhka lghq;= lrk kdhlhdwj mCIfha i| fuka msßySug m;ajk nj;a nqÿoyfï b.ekafõ' 6

5' i;r ix.%y jia;=±yeñ kdhlfhl= m%h;ak ±ßh hq;af;a ish ck;djf.a

iqnfi; ie,iSughs' ta i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= ;j;a uQ,O¾uhla jkqfha i;r ix.%y jia;= Ndú;hhs'

) odkh fuh m%:u úia;r úh'

) m%sh jpkhmreI jpkfhka f;drj wka whf.a leue;a; we;sjk m%sh

jpkh Ndú; lsÍu ñka woyia fõ' md,s;fhda m%sh jpkh weiSugleue;af;ka isá;s' Tjqyq wm%sh jpkhg wlue;s fj;s' i;H jqjowfhda.H ;ek§ Ndú; fkdl< hq;= nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jrla jod<y' 7

) w¾:p¾hdjñka woyia jkafka mrd¾: p¾hdjhs' tkï ;ud fjkqfjka

fkdj wka wh fjkqfjka ish p¾hdj fufyh ùuhs' uydj.a.md,sfhys i|yka jk zznyqck ys ;dh" nyqck iq Ldh f,daldkq lïmdhw;a:dhZZ wod< fõ' ieug fi; msKsi jev lsÍu rc flfkl=f.a mru j.lSuhs' fmdÿ ck iqjh msKsi lghq;= lsÍug úYsIag udkisl;;a;ajhla fyj;a wOHd;auhla kdhlhdg ;sìh hq;=h' ta i|yd

fu;a;d" lreKd" uqÈ;d" WfmaCId hk i;r n%yau úyrK kdhlhdúiska m%.=K l< hq;= fjhs' fu;a;d hkq ;ukag;a wka whg;a iy



149fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

ish¿ i;a;ajhkag;a hym; me;Suhs' lreKd hkq ÿlska mSä; jQmqoa.,hkag i;=kag msysg $ Woõ ùuhs' uqÈ;d hkq wka mqoa.,hkaf.a

iem; ±l i;=gqùu yd thg wdYs¾jdo lsÍuhs' WfmaCLdj hkq ÿlska ÿla fkdù" iem;ska WvÕ= fkdù is; uOHia:j ;nd .ekSuhs'

) iudkd;au;dj cd;sh" wd.u" NdIdj" l=,h" j¾Kh hkdÈh u; mqoa.,hka fjkiafldg fkdi,ld ish¨ fokdu iudkhhs is;d l%shdlsÍu iudkd;au;djfha tla wxYhls' wfkla wxYh jkqfha wgf,da oyfuka lïmd fkdù ueoy;a j Ôj;a ùuhs' wgf,da oyu ms<sn| fuhg m%:u úia;r ù we;'

6' mia uQ,sl ñks ia whs;s jdislïm[apiS, m%;smodfjka cks;jk uQ,sl ñksia whs;sjdislï

myls' ±yeñ kdhlhl= mxp ÿIapß;h fyj;a mia mõ lsßu ms<sfkd.kshs' ta wkqj mka is,a wkqj& iEu ñksil= gu uQ,sl whs;sjdis lï myla

;sfnk nj ms<sf.k kdhl;ajh fufyh úh hq;=h' tu mia uQ,slñksia whs;sjdislï fufiah'

1' Ôj;a ùu ms<sn| whs;sh ^m%:u YsCId mofhka&'

2' iïm;a wdrCId lsÍu ms<sn| whs;sh fojk YsCId mofhka&'

3' ksjerÈ újdy Ôú;hla mj;ajdf.k hdfï whs;sh ^f;jkYsCId mofhka&'

4' jxpdj,g wiq fkdùfï whs;sh ^isõjk YsCId mofhka&'5' iqrdfjka f;dr ksfrda.S" nqoaêu;a ^uki fyd¢ka

mj;ajdf.k&" iduldó ðú;hla .; lsÍug we;s whs;sh ^miajkYsCId mofhka&'

uQ,sl ilaú;s j;a" ima; wmßydksh O¾u" oi rdcO¾u"i;r w.;sj,ska je<lSu" i;r ix.%y jia;= iy mia uQ,sl ñksia

whs;sjdislï hk fn!oaO b.ekaùï j,ska uQ,O¾u .Kkdjla ú.%yfõ' fïjd wkq.ukh lrk kdhlhd ±yeñ kdhlhl= jkq we;'



151fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

) fuys úfYa Ifhka i|yka lrk ;eka yereKq úg Ndú; is h¨ ;% smsgl.%ka: nqoaO chka;s ixialrKhg wh;a nj i,lkak'

02 mßÉfþohkdhl;ajh ms<sn| fn!oaO ixl,amh

wdka;sl igyka

01' §'ks' mdÀl j.a.h" Wÿïnßl iSykdo iQ;%h') u'ks' uyd hul j.a." pq,a,iÉpl iQ;%h') w'ks' Wrefõ, j.a.h'

02' §'ks' n%yaucd, iQ;%h') u'ks' pq,a ,y;aÓmfodamu iQ;%h') u'ks' uyd;KaydixLh iQ ;%h') u'ks' lka orl iQ;%h') u'ks' f>daGuqL iQ;%h'

03' ix'ks' wd,jl iQ;% h'^iÉpxyfõ idOq;rx ridkx&

) iq'ks' lrKShfu;a; iQ;%h'

04' iq'ks' lrKShfu;a; iQ;%h' 05' Lq'ks' Oïumo md<s" wma mudo j.af.da'

^WÜGdkjf;da i;suf;da - iqÑlïuiai ksiïuldßfkdi[a [;iai p OïuÔúfkd - wma mu;a ;iai hfida NsjâV;s&

^WÜGdfkakmamudfoak - i[a[fïk ofïk p§mx lhsrd: fïOdù - hx ´f>da kdNslSr;s&

06' cd;lÜGl:d" úiaidfNdack cd;lh') Lq'ks' Oïumo md<s

^úiaidid mrud[d;s &

07' §'ks' uydj.a." uydf.da úkao iQ;%h'

^h:djdÈ fLd mk fid N.jd ;:dldß" h:dldß ;:djdÈ" b;sh:djdÈ ;:dldß" h:dldß ;:djdÈ' tjx



O¾ud[S152 kdhl;ajh

) OïudkqOïumámkakx bñkdmåf.ak iukkd.;x i;a:drx fkaj w;S;xfia iukqmiaidu k mfk;rys" w[a[;% f;ak

N.jd& ) §'ks' mdidÈl iQ ;%h' ) u'ks ' iSykdo iQ;%h'

08' Lq'ks' Oïumo md<s" Nsla Lq j.af.da' ^plaLqkd ixjfrd idOq - idOq fidaf;a k ixjfrd

>dfKk ixjfrd idOq - idOq Ôõydh ixjfrd&^ldfhak ixjfrd idOq - idOq jdpdh ixjfrdukid ixjfrd idOq - idOq iín;a: ixjfrd&

) Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" fldaO j.af.da ^ldfhak ixjq;d ërd - wf:da jdpdh ixjq ;dukid ixjq;d ërd - f; fj iqmßixjq;d&

) §'ks' idu[a[M, iQ ;%h') §'ks' w.a.[a [ iQ;%h'

09' u'ks ' uydÿlaLla LkaO iQ;%h'

10' ix'ks' NslaLqKS ixhq;a;h" fia, iQ;% h'11' cd;lÜGl:d" irNx. cd;lh'

) ix'ks' jx.Si ixhq;a;h" iqNdis; iQ;% h') iq'ks' ux., iQ;%h'

^iqNdis;d p hd jdpd&

12' u'ks' wdkkao Noa folr; iQ;%h'

13' wx'ks' p;=lal ksmd;" flaiS iQ ;%h'^w: fLd flis wiaioïuidrÓ fhk N.jd f;kqmixlñ'Wmixlñ;ajd N.jka;x wNsjdfo;ajd tluka;x ksiSÈ' tluka;xksiSkakx fLd fla isx wiaioïuidrÓx N.jd t;ofjdp'

Fjx p Ljdis" flais i[a[f;d wiaioïuidrÓ' l:x mkFjx flais " wia ioïux úfkiS ;s'

wyx fLd Nkaf; wiaioïux iKafyakms úfkañ" Mrefikams úfkañ" iKayMrefiakms úfkañ;s'



153fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

ifÉ f; flais" wiaioïfuda iKafyakms úkhx k Wfm;s"Mrefiakms úkhx k Wfma ;s" iKayMrefiakms úkhx k Wfm;s" lska;skx lfrdaiS;s'

ifÉ fï Nka f;a wiaioïfuda iKafyakms úkhx k Wfm;s"Mrefiakms úkhx k Wfm;s" iKayMrefiakms úkhx k Wfm;s"ykdñ ;x Nkaf;' ;x lsiai fya;= ud fï wdpßhl=,iai wjKafKda wfyda iS;s'N.jd mk Nkaf;a wkq;a;frd mqßioïuidrÓ" l:x Nkaf;a N.jdmqßioïux úfka;S;s 'wyx fLd flais" mqßioïux iKafyakms úfkañ" Mrefiakms úfkañ"iKayMrefiakms úfkañ" ;;%sox flais" iKayiañx b;s ldhiqpß;x"b;s ldhiq pß;iai úmdflda' b;s jÖiqpß;x" b;s jÖiqpß;iai úmdfld'b;sufkdaiqpß;x" b;s ufkdaiqpß;iai úmdflda' b;s foajd b;s ukqiaid'

;;% sox fla is" Mreiia ñx" b;s ldhÿÉpß;x" b;s ldhÿÉpß;ia i úmdflda'b;s jÖÿÉpß;x" b;s jÖÿÉpß;x úmdflda' b;s ufkdÿÉpß;x" b;s ufkdaÿÉpß;iai úmdflda" b;s ksrfhda " b;s ;srÉPdkfhda ks" b;sfm;a;súifhda '

;;%sox fla is" iKayMreiiañx b;s" b;s ldhiqpß;x" b;s ldhiqpß;iaiúmdfld' b;s ldhÿÉpß;x" b;s ldhÿÉpß;iai úmdfld" b;s jÖiqpß;x"

b;s jÖiqpß;ia i úmdflda ' b;s ÿÉpß;x b;s ÿÉpß;ia i úmdflda ' b;s ufkda iqpß;x"b;s ufkda iqpß;iai úmdflda' b;s ufkdaÿÉpß;x" b;s ufkdaÿÉpß;iai úmdflda'b;s foajd b;s ukqia id" b;s ksrfhda " b;s ;srÉPdkfhdaks" b;s fm;a;súifhda;s'

ifÉ Nka f;a mqßioïfuda iKafyak úkhx k Wfma;s " Mrefiak úkhxk Wfma;s" iKayMrefia k úkhx k Wfma;s" ls ka;s kx N.jd lfrd;S;s'

ifÉ fu flais" mqßioïfuda iKafyak úkhx k Wfma;s" Mrefiakúkhx k Wfma;s" iKayMrefiak úkhx k Wfma;s" ykdñ kx flaiS;s' k fLdNkaf;a N.jd mdKd;smdf;da lmam;s' w: p mk N.jd tajudy' ykdñ ;x flaiS;s'iÉpx flais" k ;:d.;iai mdKd;smdf;da lma m;s' wmsp fid mqßioiaid iKa -fyak úkhx k Wfma;s " Mrefia k úkhx k Wfma;s" iKayMrefiak úkhx kWfma ;s" k ;:d.f;da j;a;ínx wkqidis;ínx u[a[;s' kms ú[a`C¥ in%yaupdßj;a;ínx wkqidis ;ínx u[a[ka;s jfOda fyai flais " wßhiai úkfha hx k;:d.f;d j;a;ínx wkq idis;ínx u[a[;s" kms ú[aa `C¥ in%ya updÍ j;a;ínxwkqidis;ínx u[a[ka;s'



O¾ud[S154 kdhl;ajh

fida yskQk Nka f;a iqjfpda fyda ;s hx k ;:d.f;d j;a ;ínx wkq idis ;ínxu[a [;s' kms ú[aa`C¥ in%yaupdÍ j;a;ínx wkqidis;ínx u[a [ka;s'

14' Lq'ks' Wodk md<s" fndaêj.a." f:ar iQ;%h'^f;ak fLd mk iufhak wdhiaud p idßmq ;af;da" wdhiaud puydfud.a .,a ,dfkd" wdhia udp uydlia ifmda " wdhia ud p uydlÉpdhfkda "

wdhiaud p uydfldÜÀf;d" wdhiaud p uydlmamsfkda" wdhiaud p uydpqkafoda"wdhiaudp wkqreoafOda" wdhiaud p f¾jf;da" wdhiaud p wdkkafoda " fhak N.jdf;akqmixlñxiq' woaoid fLd N.jd f;a wdhiaukaf;a ¥rf;da j wd.ÉPkaf;a ÈiajdkNslaLq wdukaf;a is zztaf;a NslaLfõ n%dya uKd wd.ÉPka;s" taf;a Nsla Lfõ n%dyauKdwd.ÉPka;sZZ&

) u'ks ' uQ,mKaKdil" ´mïuj.a." r:úkS; iQ;%h') u'ks ' WmßmKaKdil" úNx.j.a." iÉpúNx. iQ;%h) ix'ks' Od;= ixhqla;h" pxlu iQ;%h'

15' wx'ks' ta;o.a. md<s'

16' §'ks' uydmßksíndK iQ;%h'i. ^hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" jÊð wNssKa y ikaks md;d ikaksmd; nyq,d

úiaika;s jqoaêfhaj wdkkao" jÊðkx mdálxLd fkd mßydks'

ii. hdjlS j[ap wdkkao" jÊð iu.a.d ikaksm;sia ika;s" iu.a.djqÜGysiaika;s" iu.a.d jÊðlrKS hdks lßiaika;s" jqoaêfhajwdkkao" jÊÔkx" mdálxLd fkd mßydks'

iii. hdjlSj[a p wdkka o" jÊÔ wm[a[;a;x k m[a[dfmiaika;sm[a[;a;x k iuqÉPskaÈiaika;s" h:dm[a[;af;a fmda rdfKa

jÊðOïfï iudodh j;a;s iaika;s" jqoaêfha j wdkkao jÊðkxmdálxLd" fkd mßydks'

iv. hdjlSj[a p wdkka o" jÊÔ fh f; jÊðkx jÊðuy,a,ld"f; ila lßiaika;s " .relßiaika;s" udfkiaika;s" mQfciaika;s"f;a i[a p fida ;ínx u[a[siaika;s" jqoaêfhaj wdkkao jÊðkxmdálxLd" fkd mßydks'

v. hdjlSj[a p wdkka o" jÊÔ hd ;d l=,s;aÓfhda l=,l=udßfhda" ;d k Tla

liai miha y jdfiiaika ;s" jqoa êfhaj wdkkao jÊÔkx mdálxLd" fkdmßydks'



O¾ud[S156 kdhl;ajh

23' ix'ks'" bifhda iuqoaol iQ;%h' ^hdÈix jmf;a îcx - ;dÈix yrf;a M,x&

24' Lq'ks'" Oïumo md<s" hul j.a.'^ufkda mqínx.ud Oïud - ufkdafiÜGd ufkdauhdukid fÉ mÿÜfGk Ndi;s jd lfrda;s jd;f;da kx ÿlaLukafõ;S plalx j jyf;da mox&

^ufkda mqínx.ud Oïud - ufkdafiÜGd ufkdauhdukid fÉ mikafkak - Ndi;s jd lfrda;s jd

;f;da kx iqLukafõ;S - Pdhd j wkmdhsks&

25' - tu -

26' wx'ks'" jH.a>mÊc iQ;%h'^p;a;dfrda fu jH.a>mÊc l=,mq;a;iai ÈÜGOïuiq Ldh"ÈÜGOïuys;dh" iïmrdhys;dh" iïmrdhiqLdh" ixj;a;ka;s&

i. WÜGdk iïmod ii. wdrlaL iïmod

iii. l,HdK ñ;a;;div. iuÔúl;d

i. ioaOd ii. iS,

iii. pd.iv. m[a[d



157fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

03 mßÉfþohO¾udkql+, mrud¾:

wdka;sl igyka

01' Lq'ks' Oïumo md<s" mKaä; j.a.'^k w;a;fya;= k mriai fya;= k mq;a; ñÉfþ k Okx rÜGxk bÉfPhH wOïfïk iñoa êu;a;fkdi iS,jd m[a[jd Oïñflda ishd& 84

02' - tu -

03' wx'ks' jKsÊcd iQ;%h ^m[aÑfï Nsla Lfõ jKsÊcd wlrKS hd i. i;a:jKsÊcd ii. i;a;jKsÊcd

iii. uxijKsÊcd iv. uÊcjKsÊcd

v. úijKsÊcd&

04' u'ks' iÉpúNx. iQ;% hwx'ks' iïudwdÔj iQ;%h

05' ix'ks' wÜGl ksmd;h" .ym;s j.a.h" uydkdu iQ;%h'^ls;a;dj;d mk Nkaf;a" Wmdifld iS,jd fyd;S;s ' hf;d fLd uydkdu"

Wmdifld mdKd;smd;d máúrf;da fyda;s" wÈkakdodkdd máúrf;da fyda;s" ldfuiqñÉPdpdrd máúrf;da fyda ;s" uqidjdo máúrf;da fyda;s" iqrdfïrh uÊcmudoÜGd-kd máúrf;da fyda;s" t;a;dj;d fLd uydkdu" Wmdifld iS,jd fyda;S;s'ls;a;dj;d mk Nkaf;a" Wmdifld w;a;ys ;dh mámkafkda fyda;s" mrys;dh pd;s'

hf;da fLd uydkdu Wmdifld w;a;kd p ioaOdiïmkafkda fyda;s"mr[ap ioaOdiïmodh iudofma;s' w;a;kd p iS,iïmkafkda fyda;s" mr[apiS,iïmodh iudofma;s' w;a;kd p pd. iïmkafkda fyda;s" mr[a p pd. iïmodhiudofma;s' w;a;kd p NslaLQkx oiaikldfuda fyda ;s mr[ap NslaLQkx oiaifka iudofma;s' w;a;kd p ioaOïux fida;=ldfuda fydOdrKcd;sflda fyda;s" mr[apOïuOrKdh iudofma ;s' w;a;kd p O;dkx Oïudkx w;a:Qm mßla Å fyda;s" mr[a p w;a:QmmßlaLdh iudofma;s' w;a;kd p w;a:u[a[dh" Oïuu[a[dh" Oïud-kqOïumámkafkda fyda;s" mr[ap OïudkqOïumám;a;shd iudofma;s' t;a ;dj;dfLd uydkdu Wmdiflda w;a :ys;dh p mámka fkda fyda ;s" mrys;dh pd;s'&



O¾ud[S158 kdhl;ajh

06' u'ks ' iÉpúNx. iQ;%h

07' u'ks ' uÊ¯u mKaKdil" wïn,ÜÀld rdyqf,dajdo iQ;% h' ^hx lïux fkaj w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndOdh

ixj;af;hH" WNhnHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" ;x lïux l=i,x'

hx lïux w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndO ixj;a f;hH"WNhnHdndOdh ixj;a f;hH" ;x lïux wl=i,x'&

08' cd;l wgqjd .egmoh'

wNsOïudj;dr àld'

09' mmx[apiQokS" u'ks' wÜGl;dwx'ks' p;=lal ksmd;" mámod j.a.'

10' fk;a;smamlrKÜGl:d'

11' u'ks' iÉpúNx. iQ;%h'



159fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

04 mßÉfþohñksid ms<sn| hym;a wdl,amh

wdka;sl igyka

01' Lq'ks' Lqoaol mdG" l=udrm[ayd' ^ta l kdu lsx @ iífí i;a;d wdydrÜÀ;sld&

02' ukqiauD;sh 1' 88wOHdmk uOHhkx - hckx hdckx ;:dodkx m%;s.%yKxffpj - n%dyauKdkdul,a mh;a

03' ukqiauD;sh 1' 89

m%cdkdx rlaIKx odkñcHdOHhkfïj púIfhaIaj m%Yla;sYaj laI;%shiH iudi;#

04' ukqiauD;sh 1' 90mY=kdx rlaIKx odkñcHdOHhkfïj pjKslam:x l=iSox p ffjYHiH lDIsfïj p

05' ukqiauD;sh 1' 91 talfïj;= YøiH - m%N+# l¾u iudÈY;a

taf;aidfïj j¾Kdkx - Y=N%E idOkiQhhd

06' ix'ks' ilalixhq;a;h'

07' wx'ks' ;slks md;h" NrKavq j.a.h' ^;fhd fu Ns laLfj mq.a.,d ikaf;d ixúÊcudkd f,dliañx l;fu

;fhd" mdidKf,aLQmfud mq.a.f,d" mGúf,aLQmfud mq.a.f,d"Wolf,a LQmfud mq.a.f,d''''&

) wNsO¾umsglh" mq.a.,m[a [;a;s" ;slud;sld

08' wx'ks' p;=lalks md;h" Pj,d; iQ;%h'^p;a;dfrd fï Nsla Lfõ mq.a.,d''' fkj w;a;ys ;dh mámkafkd fkd

mrys;dh' mrys;dh mámkafkd fkd w;a;ys;dh' w;a;ys;dh mámkafkd fkdmrys;dh' w;a ;ys;dh p mámkafkd mrys;dh p'&



O¾ud[S160 kdhl;ajh

) wNsO¾umsglh" mq.a.,m[a[;a;s" p;=la lksoafoi09' wNsO¾u msglh" mqoa .,m[a [;a ;sma mlrK" ;s l ud;s ld' ^wka fOda " ta lpla Lq"oaúplaLq"''' l;fud p mq.a.f,d wkafOda " bfèlÉpiai mq.a.,iai ;:d rEmx pCLq kfyd;s" h:drEfmak plaLqkd wkê.;x jd fNda .x wê.õfPhH wê.;x jd fNda.xMd;slfrhH" ;:drEmumkiai plaLq k fyd;s" h:drEfmk plaLqkd l=i,dl=if,Oïfï cdfkhH" idjÊcdkjÊfÊ Oïfï cdfkhH" ySkmamKSf;a Oïfï cd-fkhH" lKayiqlalimamáNdf. Oïfï cdfkhH" whx jqÉp; s mq.a.f,dwkafOda '

l;fud p mq .a .f,d tljla Lq" bfOlÉpia i mq.a .,ia i ;:d rEmx plaLq fyd;s' h:drEfmk plaLq kd wkê.;x jd fNda.x wê.ÉfPhH wê.;x

jd fNda.x Md;slfrhH" ;:drEmumkiai plaLq k fyd;s " h:drEfmk plaLqkd

l=i,dl=if, Oïfï cdfkhH" idjÊcdkjÊfÊ Oïfï cdfkhH' ySkmamKSf;Oïfï cdfkhH" lKayiqlalimamáNdf. Oïfu cdfkhH" whx jqÉp;s mq.a.f,dtlpla Lq'

l;fud p mq .a.f,d oa ùplaLq" bfOlÉpia i mq.a.,iai ;:drEmx plaLqfyd;s" h:drEfmk pla Lqkd wkê.;x jd fNda.x wê.ÉfPhH wê.;x

jd fNda.x Md;slfrhH" ;:drEmumkiai plaLq fyd;s" h:d rEfmk plaLqkdl=i,dl=if, Oïfï cdfkhH" idjÊcdkjÊfÊ Oïfï cdfkhH ySkmamKsf;Oïfï cdfkhH" lKayiqlalmmamáNdf. Oïfï cdfkhH' whx jqÉp;s mq.a.f,doaùplaLq'

) wx'ks' ;sl ksmd;" oaùplaLq' ^;fhd fu NslaLfj mq.a.,d ikaf;d ixúÊcudkd f,dliañx" l;fu

;fhd wkafOd" tlplaLq" oaúplaLq''''wkaO[ap tlplaLq [apwdrld mßjÊcfha oaúplaLq mk fifj:

fiÜGx mqßi mq.a .,ka;s'&

10' u'ks' rÜGmd, iQ;%h' ^W!fKd f,dfld w;s;af;d ;Kaydodfid&

11' wx'ks'" p;=lal ksmd;h" ;;shmKaKdil" j,dyl j.a." mGuj,dyliQ;%h' ^p;a;dfrdfï NslaLfõ j,dyld" l;fï p;a;dfrda .Êð;d fkd jiais;d"jiais;d fkda .Êð;d" .Êð;d p jiais;d p fkj .Êð;d fkd jiais;d'bfï flda NslaLfõ p;a;dfrda j,dyld' tj fïj fLd NslaLfõ p;a;dfrdafï

j,dyl+mud mq.a.,d ikaf;da ixúÊcudkd f,daliañx' l;fï p;a;dfrda '



161fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

.Êð;d fkda jiais;d" jia is;d fkda .Êð;d" fka j .Êð;d fkd jiais;d" .Êð;dp jiais;d p'

l;[ap NslaLfõ mq.a.f,da .Êð;d fyda;s fkd jiais;d' bO NslaLfõtlÉfpda mq.a .f,da Ndis;d fyda ;s fkd l;a ;d' tjx fLd Ns la Lfõ mq.a .f,da

.Êð;dfyda;s fkd jiais;d' fihH:dms fid NslaLfõ j,dyfld' .Êð;d fkdjiais ;d' ;:Qmudyx Nsla Lfõ bux mq.a.,x jodñ'

l:[ap NslaLfõ mq.a.f,da jiais ;d fyda;s fkd .Êð;d' bO NslaLfõta lÉfpd mq .a .f,da ' l;a ;d fyda ;s fkd Ndis ;d tjx fLd Ns la Lfõ mq.a .f,da

jiais ;d fyda;s fkd .Êð;d' fihH:dms fid NslaLfõ j,dyfld jiais ;d fkd

.Êð;d' ;:Qmudyx Nsla Lfõ bux mq.a.,x jodñ'l:[a p Nsla Lfõ mq.a .f,da fkj .Êð;d fyda ;s fkd jia is;d' bO Nsla Lfõ

talÉfpda mq.a.f,da fkj Ndis;d fyda ;s fkd l;a;d' tjx fLd Ns laLfõ mq.a .f,da fkj .Êð;d fyda;s fkd jia is;d' fihH:dms fid NslaLfõ j,dyfld fkj.Êð;d fyda;s fkd jiais;d' ;:Qmudyx NslaLfõ bux mq.a.,x jodñ'

l:[ap NslaLfõ mq.a.f,da .Êð;d p fyda;s jiais;d p' bO NslaLfõta lÉfpda mq.a .f,da Ndis;d p fyda ;s l;a;d p' tjx fLd Ns la Lfõ mq.a.f,da

.Êð;d p fyda;s jiais ;d p' fihH:dms fid NslaLfõ j,dyfld .Êð;d p jiais;dp ;:Qmudyx NslaLfõ bux mq.a.,x jodñ'

bfï fLd NslaLfõ p;a;dfrda j,dyl+mud mq.a.,d ikaf;da ixúÊcudkdf,daliañka;s'

) wNsO¾u msglh" mq.a.,m[a[;a;s" p;=la l ksoafoa i

12' wx'ks'" p;=la l ksmd;h" f;jk mKaKdilh" j,dyl j.a .h" n,sjoao

iQ;%h'^p;a;dfrdfï NslaLfõ n,sjoaod" l;fï p;a ;dfrda' i.jpKafvda fkdmr.jpKafvda" mr.jpKa fvda fkd i.jpKa fvda" i.jpKafvda p mr.jpKafvda p" fkj i.jpKafvda fkd mr.jpKafvda' bfï fLd NslaLfõ p;a;dfrda n,s joa od'tjfïj fLd Ns la Lfõ p;a ;dfrdafï n,sjoa¥mud mq.a.,d ikaf;d ixúÊcudkdf,daliañx'

l;fï p;a;dfrda i.jpKafvda fkd mr.jpKafvda" mr.jpKafvda fkd i.jpKafvda" i.jpKafvda p mr.jpKafvda p" fkj i.jpKafvda fkd

mr.jpKafvda'l:[ap NslaLfõ mq .a.f,da i.jpKafvda fyda;s fkd mr.jpKafvda bO Nsla Lfõ talÉfpda mq.a.f,da ilxmßix WífífÊ;d fyda ;s fkd mrmßix'



O¾ud[S162 kdhl;ajh

tjx fLd NslaLfõ mq.a.f,da i.jpKafvda fyda;s fkd mr.jpKafvda fihH:dms fid Ns la Lfõ n,s joa foda i.jpKa fvda fkd mr.jpKafvda ";:Qmudyx NslaLfõ bux mq.a.,x jodñ'

l:[a p NslaLfõ mq.a.f,da mr.jpKafvda fyda;s fkd i.jpKafvda"bO NslaLfõ talÉfpda mq.a.f,da mrmßix WífífÊ;d fyda;s fkd

ilmßix tjx fLd NslaLfõ mq.a.f,d mr.jpKa fvda fyda ;s fkd i.jpKa fvda'fihH:dms fid Ns la Lfõ n,s joa foda mr.jpKafvdajfkda i.jpKafvda";:Qmudyx NslaLfõ bux mq.a.,x jodñ'

l:[a p NslaLfõ mq.a.f,da i.jpKafvdap fyda;s mr.jpKa fvda" bONslaLfõ talÉfpda mq.a.f,da ilmßi[ap WífífÊ;d fyda;s mrmßi[ap"

tjx fLd NslaLfõ mq.a.f,da i.jpKafvda p fyda;s mr.jpKafvda pfihH:dms fid Ns la Lfõ n,s joa fod a i.jpKafvda p mr.jpKafvd a p" ;:Qmudyx NslaLfõ bux mq.a.,x jodñ'

l:[a p fLd NslaLfõ mq.a.f,da fkj i.jpKafvda fyda ;s fkdmr.jpKafvda' bO NslaLfõ ta lÉfpda mq.a.f,da fkj ilmßixWífífÊ;d fyda;s fkd mrmßix' tjx fLd NslaLfõ mq.a.f,da fkj

i.jpKafvda fyda;s fkd mr.jpKafvda fihH:dms fid NslaLfõn,sjoafoda fkj i.jpKafvda fkd mr.jpKafvda" ;:Qmudyx Nsla Lfõ bux mq.a.,x jodñ' bfï fLd NslaLfõ p;a;dfrda n,sjoa¥mudmq.a.,d ixf;daixúÊcudkd f,daliañka;s'

) wNsO¾u msglh" mq.a .,m[a[;a;s" p;=lal ksoafoai



163fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

05 mßÉfþohhym;a pß;h ( ioa.=Khka

wdka;sl igyka

01' u'ks' uÊ¯u mKaKdil" wïn,ÜÀld rdyqf,dajdo iQ;%h' ^hx lïux fkaj w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndOdh

ixj;af;hH" WNhnHdndOdh ixj;a f;hH" ;x lïux l=i,x'

hx lïux w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndOdhixj;af;hH" WNhnHdndOdh ixj;a f;hH" ;x lïux wl=i,x'&

02' Lq'ks' Oïumo md<s"

^Oïuxpf¾ iqpß;xkkx ÿÉpß;xpf¾OïupdÍ iqLxfia;swiañx f,dfl mrxys p&

03' - tu -

04' Lq'ks' Oïumo md<sh" iyiai j.a .'^fhd p jiaii;x Ôfõÿia iSf,da wiudysf;da taldyx Ôú;x fifhHdiS,jka;iai ®dhsfkda 110

fhd fp jiaii;x Ôfõwmiaix WohjHhx"taldyx Ôú;x fifhHdmiaif;da WohjHhx'& 114

05' Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" fu;a; iQ;%h'

06' - tu - ^ilaflda" WcQ p" iQcQp&

07' ix'ks' wÜGl ksmd;h" .ym;s j.a.h" uydkdu iQ;%h'^ls;a;dj;d mk Nkaf;a" Wmdifld iS,jd fyd;S;s'hf;d fLd uydkdu" Wmdifld mdKd;smd;d máúrf;da fyda;s" wÈkakdodkd máúrf;da fyda ;s" ldfuiq ñÉPdpdrd máúrf;da fyda ;s"uqidjdo máúrf;da fyda;s" iqrdfïrh uÊcmudoÜGdkd máúrf;da

fyda;s" t;a;dj;d fLd uydkdu" Wmdifld iS,jd fyda;S;s'



O¾ud[S164 kdhl;ajh

08' iq'ks' Wr.j.a." ji, iQ ;%h'^fhd yfõ bKudodhpqÊcudfkda m,dh;sk ysf; bKu;aÓ;s;x c[a[d jif,da b;s

fhd w;a;fya ;= mrfya;=Okfya;= p fhd kfrdilaÅmqÜfGda uqidn%E;s;x c[a[d jif,da b;s'&

09' §'ks' uydj.a." uydf.daúkao iQ;%h'^h:djd§ fLd mk fid N.jd ;:dldß"h:dldß ;:djd§" b;s h:djd§;:dldß h:dldß ;:djd§' tjx OïudkqOïuma mámkakxbñkdmåf.ak iukakd.;x i;a:drx fkjw;S;xfi iukqmiaidu k mka f;arys"w[a[;% f;k N.j;d'

10' Lq'ks' Oïumo md<sh" ksrhj.a.'^wN+;jd§x ksrhx Wfma;sfhd jdis l;ajd k lfrdó;s jdyWfNda ms f; fmÉp iud Njka;sksySklïud ukqcd mrF:'&

11' cd;lÜG l;d" frdau cd;lh'12' Lq'ks' Oïumo md<s" nqoaOj.a.'

^Lka;S mrux ;fmda ;sÓlaLd

ksíndkx mrux joka;s nqoa Od'&) Lq'ks' LqoaolmdfGd" ux., iQ;%h'

^Lka;S p fidjpiai;d&

13' Lq'ks' LqoaolmdfGd" ux., iQ;%h'^mqÜGiai f,dalOïfïys - Ñ;a;x hiai k lïm;swfidalx úrcx fLux -t;x ux.,uq;a;ux'&

14' cd;lÜGl:d" ;;sh Nd.'



165fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

06 mßÉfþohioa.=Khka

wdka;sl igyka 01' Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" ux., iQ;%h' ^ika;=ÜÁ p l;[a û;d'&

02' úkh msglh" uydj.a. md<s'

03' wx'ks' ÿl ksmd;h'

04' Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" fu;a; iQ;%h' ^iqjfpda pia i uq ÿ wk;sudks'&

05' Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" ux., iQ;%h'^.drfjda p ksjdf;da p'&

06' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" nd,j.a .'^mq;a;d u;aÓ Okïu;aÓ

b;s ndf,d úy[a[;Sw;a;dys w;a;fkd k;a Ól=f;da mq;a;d l=f;da Okx'&

07' wmodk md<sh" fÄud wmodk'

08' iq'ks' Wr.j.a." ji, iQ;%h'^k cÉpd jif,d fyd;sk cÉpd fyd;s n%dyaufKd

lïukd jif,d fyd;slïukd fyd;s n% dyaufKd'&

09' Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" ux., iQ;%h' ^mQcd p mQckShdkx'''''&

10' Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" ux., iQ;%h' ^.drfjda p ksjdf;da p '''''&

11' §'ks' is Õd, iQ;%h'



O¾ud[S166 kdhl;ajh

12' - tu -

13' ix'ks' wÜGl ksmd;h" .ym;s j.a.h" uydkdu iQ;%h' ^mdKd;smd;d máúrf;da fyda;s" wÈkakdodkdd máúrf;da fyda;s"

ldfuiq ñÉPdpdrd máúrf;da fyda ;s" uqidjdo máúrf;da fyda;s"iqrdfïrh uÊcmudoÜGdkd máúrf;da fyda;s" t;a;dj;d fLd uyd-

kdu'&



167fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

07 mßÉfþoh

whym;a pß;h ( wioa.;s wdka;sl igyka

01' u'ks' uQ,mKaKdil" j;a:Qmu iQ;%h'^l;fï p NslaLfõ Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,a id''''wNsÊ®dúiu f,dafNda Ñ;a;ia i Wmla lsf,afidnHdmdfoda Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afidfldafOda Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,a fidWmkdfyda Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afidulafLd Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afidm<dfid Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afidbiaid Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,a fiduÉPßhx Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afidudhd Ñ;a ;iai Wmlalsf,afididfGhH Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afid:ïfNda Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afid

idrïfNda Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afidudfkda Ñ;a ;iai Wmlalsf,afidw;sudfkda Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afidufod Ñ;a ;iai Wmlalsf,afidmudfod Ñ;a;iai Wmlalsf,afid

02' flf,ia tlaoyiamkaishh'

03' u'ks' pq,a ,lïuúNx. iQ;%h" u'ks' uydlïuúNx. iQ;%h'

04' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s' ^iqoaê wiqoaêmÉp;a;x" kd[a[u[af[da úfidaOfh'&

05' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s' ^w;a;kdj l;x lïux w;a;kd ixls,siai;s'&

06' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" iqL j.af.da' ^wdfrda.H mrud ,dNd" ika;=ÜÁ mrux Okx&

07' Lq'ks' LqoaolmdG" ux., iQ;%h' ^ika;=ÜÁ p l;[a û;d&



O¾ud[S168 kdhl;ajh

) wNsO¾u msglh" mq.a .,m[a[;a;s" ÿl ksoafoaih'08' u'ks' rÜGmd, iQ;%h' ^W!fKda f,da flda w;s;af;da ;Kaydodfida'&

) Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s' ^k lydmK jiafiak ;s;a ;s ldfuiq úÊc;s'&

09' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" nd,j.af.da'^mq;a;d u;aÓ Okïu;aÓb;s ndf,d úy[a[;sw;a ;d ys w;a;fkd k;aÓl=f;d mq;a;d l=f;d Okx'&



169fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

08 mßÉfþoh

fldamh l<ukdlrKh

wdka;sl igyka 01' wx'ks' i;a;l ksmd;" ÿ;sh mKaKdil" wnHdl;j.af.d" fldaOkiQ;%h' ^i;a;sfï Ns la Lfõ Oïud im;a;lka;d im;a;lrKd fldaOkx

wd.ÉPka;s b;a Óx jd mqßix jd l;fï i;a;'

bO NslaLfõ" im;af;da im;a;iai tjx bÉP;s" wfyd j;dhx ÿínKafKdwiaid;s' ;x lsiai fya ;= k NslaLfõ" im;af;da im;a;iai jKaKj;dhkkao;s' fldOfkdhx NslaLfõ mqßimq.a .f,d fldOdysN+f;dfldOmfrf;d' ls[apdms fid fyd;s iqkydf;d iqú,sf;;dlmams;fliuiaiq Tod;j;a:jifkd" w: fLd fid ÿínKa fKdj fyd;s fldOdNsN+f;d' whx NslaLfõ" mGfud Oïfud im;a ;lfka;dim;a;lrfKd fldOkx wd.ÉP;s b;aÓx jd mqßix jd'

mqkjmrx NslaLfõ" im;af;d im;a;iai tjx bÉP;s ' wfyd j;dhx ÿlaLxifhHd;s ;x lsiai fya;= k NslaLfõ" im;af;da im;a ;iai iqLfihHdhkkao;s' fldOfkdhx NslaLfõ" mqßimq.a.f,d fldOdys N+f;dfldOmfrf;d' ls[apdms fid m,a,fål fi;s f.dKlF:f; málF:f;

mg,slF:f; ldo,sñ.mjrmÉpF:rfK iW;a;rÉPfo WNf;df,dys;l=mOdfk" w: fLd fid ÿla Lxfhj fi;s fldOdNsN+f;d' whxNsla Lfõ ÿ;s fhd Oïfud im;a;lalka f;da " im;a;lrfKda fldaOkxwd.ÉP;s b;aÓx jd mqßixjd'

mqkpmrx NslaLfõ im;af;da im;a;iai tjx bÉP;s' wfyda j;dhx kmpqr;af:d wia id;s ;x lsiai fya;=' k NslaLfõ im;af;da im;a ;iaimpqr;a:dh kka o;s' fldaOfkdahx NslaLfõ mqßimq.a .f,da fldaOdNsN+f;da fldaOmf¾f;da wk;a:ïms .fy;ajd w;a f:dafï .ysf;da;s u[a [;s'w;a:ïms .fy;ajd wk;af:da fï .fyf;da;s u[a[;s' ;iaisfï Oïud

w[a[u[a[x úmÉpkSld .ys;d §>r;a;x wys ;dh ÿlaLdh ixj;a;ka;s'fldaOdNsN+;ia i whx fLd NslaLfõ ;;sfhda Oïfuda im;a;lkaf;da im;a;lrfKa fldaOkx wd.ÉP;s b;aÓxjd mqßixjd'



O¾ud[S170 kdhl;ajh

mqkpmrx NslaLfõ im;af;da im;a;iai tjx bÉP;s' wfyda j;dhx kfNda . jd wiaid;s' ;x ls ia i fya;= k NslaLfõ im;af;da im;a;iai

fNda . j;dh kkao;s' flda Okiai NslaLfõ mqßimq.a.,iai flda OdNsN+;iaifldaOmf¾;iai fha msia i f;a fydka ;s' fNda.d WÜGdk úßhdê.;d ndydn,mßÑ;d fia od jlaÅ;a;d Oïñld Oïu,oaod" f;ams rdcdfKda rdcfldaixmfõfika;s fldaOdNsN+;iai whx NslaLfõ p;=;af:d Oïfuda im;a;lalka f;da im;a;lrfKda flda Okx wd.ÉP;s b;aÓx jd mqßixjd'

mqkpmrx NslaLfõ im;af;da im;a;iai tajx bÉP;s wfyda j;dhx khijd wiaid;s' ;x lsiai fya;= k NslaLfõ im;af;da im;a;iai hij;dhkkao;s' fldaOfkdahx NslaLfõ mqßimq.a.f,da fldaOdNsN+f;da fldaOmf¾f;da'fhdamsiai fida fyda;s hfida wmamudodê.f;da ;ïydms Oxi;s fldaOdNsN+f;da whxNslaLfõ m[apfuda Oïfuda im;a;lalkaf;da im;a;lrfKda fldaOkx wd.ÉP;sb;aÓx jd mqßix jd' mqkpmrx NslaLfõ im;af;da im;a;iai tajx bÉP;s wfyda j;dhx k ñ;a;jd wiaid;s' ;x lsiai fya;= k Ns la Lfõ im;af;da im;a;ia iñ;a;j;dh kka o;s' fldaOfkdahx NslaLfõ mqßimq.a.f,da fldaOdNsN+f;da fldaOmf¾f;da fhamsiai f;a fydka;s ñ;a;duÉpd [d;sif,days;d f;ams wdrld ;xmßjÊfcka;s fldaOdNsN+;x whx NslaLfõ PÜfGda Oïfuda im;a;lka f;da

im;a;lrfKda fldaOkx wd.ÉP;s b;aÓx jd mqßix jd'

mqkpmrx NslaLfõ im;af;da im;a;iai tjx bÉP;s' wfyda j;dhxldhiai fNa od mrïurK wmdhx ÿ.a .;s x úksmd;x ksrhka Wma mÊfchHd;s ;x ls ia ifya;=' k NslaLfõ im;a f;da im;a;ia i iq.;s.ufkak kkao;s' fldaOfkdahxNslaLfõ mqßimq.a.f,da flda OdNsN+f;da fldaO mf¾f;da ldfhak ÿÉpß;x pr;s'jdpdh ÿÉpß;x pr;s' ukid ÿÉpß;x pr;s' fida ldfhak ÿÉpß;xpß;ajd - fm - ldhiai fNaod mrïurKd wmdhka ÿ.a.;sx úksmd;x úkhxWmmÊc;s fldaOdNsN+f;da whx NslaLfõ i;a;fuda Oïfuda im;a;lalka f;da im;a ;lrfKda flda Okx wd.ÉP;s b;a Óx jd mqßix jd' bfï fLd Ns la Lfõ i;a ;Oïux

im;a;lalka ;d im;a;lrKd fldaOkx wd.ÉPka;s b;aÓx jd mqßixjd;s'

02' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" fldaOj.af.da'

03' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" fldaOj.af.da'^wlaflda fèk ðfk fldaOxwidOqx idOqkd ðfkðfk loßhx Odfka kiÉfÉk w,sljdÈkx'&



171fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

04' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" hulj.af.da' ^k ys fõf¾k fõrdks

iïuka;sO l=odpkxwfõf¾k p iïuka;s tai Oïfuda ikka ;fkd'&

) Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" hulj.af.da'^wlafldÉPs ux wjê uxwðks ux wydis fufh ;x Wmkhayka;s fõrx f;aix k iïu;s'&

05' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" mKaä;j.af.da'^fiaf,da h:d tal>fkdjdf;ak k iór;Stjx kskaodmixidiqk iñ[acka;s mKaä;d'&

06' wx'ks' ;sl ksmd;" NrKavqj.a.') wNsO¾u msglh" mq.a.,m[a[;a;s" ;s l ud;sld

07' wx'ks' oil ksmd;" oiOïu iQ ;%h' ^ l ïu ia i f lda ïys" l ïuodhdfoda" l ïu fhdaks" l ïunkaOq"lïumáirfKd" hxlïux lßiaidñ" l,HdKx jd mdmlx jd" ;iaiodhdfoda"Núiaidñ'&

08' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" hulj.a.'

09' wx'ks' wÜGl ksmd;" mGumKaKdil" fu;a;dj.af.da" fu;a;dksixiiQ;%h'

^fu;a;dh Ns la Lfõ fÉf;daúuqla;shd" wdfiaú;dh" Ndú;dh"nyq,Sl;dh" hdksl;dh" j;a:ql;dh" wkqÜÀ;dh" mßÑ;dh"iqiudroaOdh" wÜGdksixid mdálåldx l;fï wÜG'

iqLx iqm;s" iqLx mánqÊ®;s" k mdmlx iqmskx miai;s" ukqiaidkxmsfhda fyda ;s" wukqia idkx msfhdafyda;s" foa j;d rla Lka;s" kdiaiw.a .s jdúix jd" i;a :x jd lu;s' W;a ;ßx wma máúÊ®ka f;d n%yau f,dal+mf.da fyda;s'

10' u'ks' iSykdoj.a f.da" ú;la liKaGdk iQ ;%h'



O¾ud[S172 kdhl;ajh

^bO NslaLfõ NslaLqkd hx ksñ;a;x wd.ïu hx ksñ;a;x ukis lfrdf;dWma mÊcka ;s mdmld wl=i,d ú;la ld PJÿmixys ;dmsfodiQmixys;dmsfudyQmixys;dms"f;ak NslaLfõ NslaLqkd ;ïyd ksñ;a;d w[a[x ksñ;a;x ukisld;ínxl=i¨mixys ;x ;ia i ;ïyd ks ñ;a ;d w[a [x ks ñ;a ;x ukis lfrdf;d l= iÆmixys;xfha mdmld wl=i,d ú;lald Pka¥mixys;dms fodaiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dmsf;a myShka ;s f;a wíN;a ;x .ÉPka ;s f;a ix mdydkd wÊ®;a ;fuj Ñ;a ;x ika ;sÜG;sikaksiSo;s tfldêfyd;s iudêfh;s' fihH:dms NslaLfõ olafLd m,.Kafvdajdm,.Kavkaf;ajdisjd iqLqudh wdkshd ´,dßlx wdKsx wNskSyfkhH wNskSyfrhHwNskSjÊfchH tjfuj fLd NslaLfõ NslaLqfkda hx ksñ;a;x wd.ïu hx ksñ;a;xukis lfrda f;da Wma mÊcka ;s mdmld wl=i,d ú;la ld Pka ¥mixys;dmsfoda iQmixys;dmsfudayQmixys;dms f;ak NslaLfõ NslaLqkd ;ïyd ksñ;a ;d w[a[x ksñ;a ;x ukisld

;ínx' l=iÆmixys;x fha mdmld wl=i,d ú;lald Pka¥mixys;dms foda iQmixys;dmsfudayQmixys;dmsf;a myShka;s f;a wíN;a;x .ÉPka;s f;aix mydkd wÊ®;a ;fïjÑ;a;x ika;s ÜG;s ikaksiSo;s tfldê fyda;s iudêh;s'

;iai fj NslaLfõ NslaLqfkd ;ïyd ksñ;a;d w[a[x ksñ;a;xukislfrdf;d l=i¨mixys;x WmamÊckaf;dj mdmld wl=i,d ú;laldPJ¥mixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;ak NslaLfõ NslaLqkd f;ixú;laldkx wd§kfjdWmmßlaÅ;ífnd' b;smsfu ú;lald wl=i,d" b;smsfï

ú;lald idjÊcd" b;sms fï ú;lald ÿlaLúmdld;s' ;iai f;ix ú;laldkxwd§kjx WmmßlaLf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d ú;la ld PJ¥mixys;dms fodiqmixys;dmsfudyQmixys;dms" fk myShk;s ' f; wíNF:x .ÉPka ;s' f;ix mydkd wÊ®;a ;fïjÑ;a;x ika;s ÜG;s ikaksiSo;s tfldÈ fyd;s iudêh;s'

fihH:dms NslaLfõ b;aÓjd mqßfid jd oyfrd hq jd uKavklcd;sfldwysl=Kfmkjd l=lal=rl=Kfmk jd ukqiail=Kfmk jd lKafGd wdi;af;akwÜàfhhH yrdfhhH ð.=fpPhH" tjfuj fLd NslaLfj ;iai fj NslaLqfkd;ïydms ksñ;a;d w[a[ ks ñ;a;x ukis lfrdf;d l= i¨mixys ;x WmamÊckaf;jmdmld wl=i,d ú;la ld PJÿmixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyqmixys;dms" f;kNslaLfõ NslaLqkd f;ix ú;laldkx wd§kfjd WmmßlaÅ;ífnd" b;sms fï ú;laldwl=i,d" b;smsfï ú;lald idjÊcd" b;smsfï ú;la ld ÿlalúmdld;s' ;iai f;ixú;laldkx wd§kjx WmmßlaLf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d ú;lald PJÿmixys;dmsfodiQmixys;dmsfudyQmixys;dms" f; myShka;s' f; wíN;a:x .ÉPka;s f;ix my-dkd wÊ®;a;fïj Ñ;a;x ika;sÜG;s ikaksiSo;s tfldÈ fyd;s iudêh;s';iaifj NslaLfõ NslaLqfkd f;ix ú;laldkx wd§kjx WmmßlaLf;d WmamÊckaf;jmdmld wl=i,d ú;la ld PJ¥mixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;k

Nsla Lfõ Nsla Lqkd f;ix ú;la ldkx wi;s wukis ldfrd wdmÊð;ífnd ;ia i f;ixú;la ldkx wi;s wu;is ldrx wdmÊcf;d fh mdmld wl= i,d ú;la ld PJ¥mixys ;dmsfodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f; m.Shka;s' f; wíN;a:d .ÉPka ;s' f;ix



173fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

mydkd wÊ®;a;fïj Ñ;a;x ika;sÜG;s ikaks§i;s tfldÈ fyd;s iudêh;s'fihH:dms NslaLfõ plaLqud mqßfid wdmd:.;dkx rEmdkx woiaikldfud wiai"fid ;Sñf,hH jd w[af[a k jd wmf,dflhH' tjfuj fLd NslaLfj ;iai fjNsla Lqfkd f;iïms ú;la ldkx wd§kjx WmmßlaLf;d WmamÊckaf;j mdmldwl=i,d ú;lald PJ¥mixys;dms fodiQmixys;dmss fudyQmixys;dms" f;k Nsla LfõNsla Lqkd f;ix ú;laldkx wi;s wu;isldrx wdmÊcf;d fh mdmld wl=i,dú;la ld PJ¥mixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dmsf; myS hka ;s f; wíN;a:x.ÉPka;s" f;ix mydkd wÊ®;a;fïj Ñ;a;x ika ;sÜG;s ikaks§i;s tfldÈ fyd;siudêh;s'

;iai fj NslaLfõ NslaLqfkd f;iïms ú;laldkx wi;s wu;isldrx

wdmÊcf;d WmamÊckaf;j mdmld wl=i,d ú;lald PJ¥mixys;dms fodiQmixys;dmsfudyQmixys;dms" f;k Ns la Lfõ Nsla Lqkd f;ix ú;la ldkx ú;la liåLdriKa Gdkxukis ld;ínx' ;iai f;ix ú;laldkx ú;laliåLdriKaGdkx ukislfrdf;dfh mdmld wl= i,d ú;lald PJ¥mixys ;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;myShka;s f; wíN;a:x .ÉPka;s' f;ix mydkdc®;a;fïj Ñ;a;x ika ;sÜG;sikaksiSo;s tfldÈ fyd;s iudêh;s'

fihH:dms Nsla Lfõ mqßfid iS >x .ÉfPhH" ;ia i tjuia i ls ka kqfLd wyx

iS>x .ÉPdñ" hka kQkdyx iks lx .ÉfPhHka ;s' fid iks lx .ÉfPhH' ;ia i tjuia ilskakqfLd wyx ikslx .ÉPdñ" hkakq;dyx ;sÜfGhHka;s' fid ;sÜfGhH' ;iaitjuiai' lskakq fLd wyx Àf;d" hkakq kdyx ksiSfohHka;s ' fid ksiSfohH' ;ia itjuiai' lska kqfLd wyx ks iska f;d" hka kQkdyx ksmÊfchHka ;s' fid ks mÊfchH'tjx ys fid NslaLfõ mqßfid T<dßlx T<dßlx bßhdm:x wNsksjÊfc;ajd iq LquxiqLqux bßhdm:x lmafmhH' tjfuj fLd Ns la Lfõ ;ia i fj NslaLqfkd f;iïmsú;la ldkx wi;s wukhsldrx wdmÊcf;d Wma mÊckaf;j mdmld wl=i,d ú;laldPJ¥mixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;k NslaLfõ NslaLqkd f;ixú;laldkx ú;laliåLdriKaGdkx ukisld;ínx' ;iai f;ix ú;laldkx

ú;la liåLdrKaGdkx ukislfrdf;d fh mdmld wl= i,d ú;lald PJ¥mixys;dmsfodiQmixys;dmsfudyQmixys;dms" f; myS hka ;s f; wíN;a :d .ÉPka ;s' f;id myd;dwÊ®;a;fïj Ñ;a;x ika;sÜG;s ikaksiS o;s tfldÈ fyd;s iudêh;s'

;ia i fj Ns la Lfõ Nsla Lqfkd f;iïms ú;la ldkx ú;la liåLdriKa Gdkxukislfrdf;d WmamÊckaf;j mdmld wl=i,d ú;lald PJ¥mixys;dmsfodiQmixys;dmsfudyQmixys;dms" f;k NslaLfõ NslaLqkd okaf; ysoka;udOdhðjydh ;d¨x wdyÉp fj;id Ñ;a;x wNsks.a.Kays;ínx wNsksmamSf<;ínxwNsika;dfm;ínx' ;iai okaf;a Nsoka;udOdh Ôjydh ;d¨x wdyÉp fj;idÑ;a;x wNsks.a.Kayf;d wNsksmamS<hf;d wNsika;dmhf;d fh mdmld wl=i,dú;lald PJ¥mixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;myShka;s' f;wíN;a:x .ÉPka;s' f;ix mydkd wÊ®;a;fïj ú;a;x ika;sÜG;s ikaks §i;s



O¾ud[S174 kdhl;ajh

tfldÈ fyd;s iudêh;s' fihH:dms NslaLfõ n,jd mqßfid ÿín,;rxmqßix iS fi jd .fyFjd nfJO jd .fyFjd wNsks.a.fKyhH wNsksmamSf<hHwNsika;dfmhH" tjfuj fLd NslaLfõ ;iaifj NslaLqfkd f;iïms ú;laldkxú;laliåLdriKaGdkx ukislfrdf;d WmamÊcka f;j mdmld wl= i,d ú;laldPJ¥mixys;dms fodiQmixys;dms fudyQmixys;dms" f;k NslaLfõ NslaLqkd oka f;Nsoka ;udOdh Ôjydh ;d¨x wdNÉp fj;id Ñ;a ;x wNsks.a .Kyf;d wNs ksma mS<hf;dwNsika;dmhf;d fh mdmld wl=i,d ú;lald PJ¥mixys;dms fodiQmixys;dmsfudyQmixys;dms" f; myS hka ;s' f; wíNF:x .ÉPka;s ' f;ix mydkd wÊ®;a ;fujÑ;a;x ika;s ÜG;s ikaksiSo;s tfldÈ fyd;s iudêh;s'



175fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

09 mßÉfþohkdhl;aj .=Kdx.

wdka;sl igyka

01' wx'ks' wÜGl ksmd;" l=iS;drïNj;a:q iQ;%h" l=iS;j;a:q' ^wÜÀudks NslaLfõ l=iS;j;a :Qks l;udks wÜG bO NslaLfõ ;iai tjx fyd;s' lïux fLd fu l;a;ínx Núiai;s'lïux fLd mk fu lfrdka;iai ldfhd ls,ñiai;s yJodyx ksmÊcdó;s ' fid

ksÊc;s" k úßhx wdrN;s wmam;a;ia i m;a;shd wkê.;iai wê.udhwiÉPsl;iai iÉPslsßhdh' box NslaLfõ mGux l= iS;j;a:q' mqkpmrx

;iai tjx fyd;s wyx fLd lïux wldisx" lïux fLd mk fu lfrdka;iai ld-fhd ls,fka;d" yJodyx ksmÊcdó;s' fid ksmÊc;s" k úßhx wdry;s wmam;a;iaim;a;shd wkê.;iai wê.udh wiÉPsl;iai iÉPslsßhdh' box NslaLfõ ÿ;shxl=iS;j;a:q'

mqkpmrx ;iai tjx fyd;s u.af.d fu .ka;ífnd Núiai;s" u.a.x fLdmk fu .ÉPka ;ia i ldfhd ls ,ñia i;s " yJodyx ksmÊcdó;s' fid ks mÊc;s k úßhxwdrN;s wma m;a;iai m;a;shd wkê.;iai wê.udh wiÉPsl;iai iÉPslsßhdh box

Nsla Lfõ" ;;shx l=iS;j;a :q'

mqkpmrx ;iai tjx fyd;s wyx fLd u.af.d w.udisx" u.a.x fLd mkfu .ÉPka;iai ldfhd ls,fka;d" yJodyx ksmÊcdó;s" fid ksmÊc;s" k ùßhxwdrN;s wma m;a;iai m;a;s hd wkê.;iai wê.udh wiÉPs l;iai iÉPsls ßhdh' boxNsla Lfõ p;= F:x l=iS;F:q'

mqkpmrx Nsla Lfõ NslaLq .dux jd ks.ux jd msKavdh prkaf;d k ,y;sÆLiai jd mKS;iai jd fNdckiai hdjoF:x mdßmQßx' ;iai tjx fyd;s wyx fLd.dux jd ks.ux jd msKavdh prkaf;d kd,F:x ÆLiai jd mKS;iai jd fNdckiaihdjoF:x mdßmQßx" ;iai fu ldfhd ls,fk;d" wlïu[af[dayx" ksmÊcdó;s ' fidksmÊc;s' - fm - wiÉPs l;iai iÉPslsßhdh' box NslaLfõ" m[a pux l=iS;j;a:q'

mqkpmrx Nsla Lfõ Nsla Lq.dux jd ks .ux jd ms Ka vdh prka f;d,N;s ÆLia ijd mKS;iai jd fNdckiai hdjoF:x mdßmQßx' ;iai tjx fyd;s' wyx fLd .dux jdks.ux jd msKavdh prka f;d w,F:x ÆLiai jd mKS ;iai jd fNdckiai hdjoF:x

mdßmQßx' ;iai fu ldfhd .refld wlïu[af[d" udidú;x u[a f[d" yJodyxksmÊcdó;s fid ksmÊc;s - fm - wiÉPsl;iai iÉPs lsßhdh' box NslaLfõ cÜGxl=iS;j;a:q 'mqkpmrx Nsla Lfõ Nsla Lqfkd Wma mfka ;d fyd;s wma mu;a ;fld wdndfOd"



O¾ud[S176 kdhl;ajh

;iai tjx fyd;s ' Wmamkafkd fLd fu whx wmamu;a;fld wdndfOd" wFÓlma fmdksmÊð;=x yJodyx ksmÊcdó;s' fid ksmÊc;s - fm - wiÉPs l;ia i iÉPs lsßhdh'box NslaLfõ i;a;ux l=iS;j;a:q'

mqkpmrx Nsla Lfõ Nsla Lq.s,dkd jq ÜÀf;d fyd;s " wÑrjqÜÀf;d f.,[a [d';iai tjx fyd;s' wyx fLd .s,dkd jqÜÀf;d wÑrjqÜÀf;d f.,[a[d" ;iai fuldfhd ÿínf,dwlïu[af[d' yJodyx ks mÊcdó;s' fid ks mÊc;s" k úßhx wdrN;swma m;a ;ia i m;a ;shd wkê.;ia i wê.udhs wiÉPsl;ia i iÉPs lsßhdh' box Nsla LfõwÜGux l=iS;j;a:q'

02' Lq'ks' iq;a; ksmd;h" Wr.j.a." fu;a; iQ;% h'

îla flda" WcQp" iQcQ p" iqjfpda" piai uqÿ" wk;sudkS"ika;=iaiflda p iqNfrda p" wmamlsÉfpda p i,a,yqljq;a;S"ika;skaøsfhda p ksmflda p wmam.ífNda l=f,iq wkkq.soafOda'kp Lqoaox iudpf¾ ls[aÑ fhak ú[a[Q mf¾ WmjfohHqx"iqÅfkda jd fLñfkda fydka;= iífí i;a;d Njka;= iqÅ i;a;d'''''''&

03' Lq'ks' Oïumo md<s" Nsla Lq j.af.da' ^plaLqkd ixjfrd idOq - idOq fidaf;ak ixjfrd

>dfKk ixjfrd idOq - idOq Ôjydh ixjfrd& 360

^ldfhak ixjfrd idOq - idOq jdpdh ixjfrdukid ixjfrd idOq - idOq iín;a: ixjfrd& 361

04' Lq'ks' Oïumomd<s" oKavj.a.'îífí ;ika;s oKavia iiífí Ndhka ;s uÉpqfkda w;a ;dkx Wmux l;ajdk yfkhH k >d;fha '

iífí ;ika;s oKaviaiiífíix Ôú;x mshxw;a ;dkx Wmux l;ajdk yfkhH k >d;fha '&

05' Lq'ks' iq;a; ksmd;h" Wr.j.a." fu;a; iQ;% h'îla flda" WcQp" iQcQ p" iqjfpda" piai uqÿ" wk;sudkS" ika;=iaiflda piqNfrda p" wmamlsÉfpda p i,a,yqljq;a;S" ika ;ska øsfhda p ksmflda pwmam.ífNda l=f,iq wkkq .soafOda' kp Lqoaox iudpf¾ ls [a Ñ fhakú[a `C¥mf¾ WmjfohHqx" iqÅfkda jd fLñfkda fydka;= iífí i;a;dNjka;= iqÅ i;a;d'''''''&



177fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

06' Lq'ks' iq;a ; ks md;h" Wr.j.a." fu;a; iQ;%h'^ilaflda" WcQ p" iQcQ p" iqjfpda " piai uqÿ" wk;sudkS" ika;=iaiflda piqNfrda p" wmamlsÉfpda p i,a,yqljq;a;S" ika;skaøsfhda p ksmflda pwmam.ífNda l=f,iq wkkq.soafOda' kp Lqoaox iudpf¾ ls[aÑ fha kú[aa C¥mf¾ WmjfohHqx" iqÅfkda jd fLñfkda fydka;= iífí i;a;dNjka;= iqÅ i;a ;d'''''''&

07' wx'ks' oil ksmd;" lrcldhj.a ." mGu ksrh iQ ;%h'



O¾ud[S178 kdhl;ajh

10 mßÉfþohkdhl;aj .=Kdx. iy hq;=lï

wdka;sl igyka

01' cd;lÜGl:d" mGuNd." jKaKqm: cd;lh" msgq 99-103'

02' cd;lÜGl:d" mGuNd." M, cd;lh" msgq 232-233'

03' cd;lÜGl:d" mGuNd." iïfudaoudk cd;lh" msgq 181-183'

04' §'ks' ;D;ShNd." mdÀlj.a." isÕd, iQ;%h'^m[a pys fLd .ym;smq;a ; Gdfkays whsrflak fyÜÀudÈid odilïu rd

mÉpQmÜGd;índ' h:dn,x h:dlïuka ;ixúOdfkak" N;a;fõ;kdkqmamodfkak".s,dkqmÜGdfka k wÉPßhdkxridkx ixúNdf.a k" iufha fjdia i.a f.a k" bfuys fLd.ym;smq;a; m[apys Gdfkays whsrflak fyÜÀudÈid odilïulrd mÉpQmÜÀ;dm[a pys Gdfkays whsrlx wkqlïmka;s' mqínÜGdhsflda p fyd;s" mÉPd ksmd;sf;da p" Èka kxodhsfkda p" iql;lïulrd p" ls ;a;sjkakyrd p" bfuys fLd .ym;smq;a;m[a pys Gdfkays whsrflak fyÜÀudÈid odilïulrd mÉpQmÜÀ;d bfïys m[apys

Gdfkays whsrlx wkqlïmka;s' tjuia i tid fyÜÀudÈid mÉPka;d fyd;s fÄudwmamáNhd'&



179fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

11 mßÉfþoh;SrK .ekSu

wdka;sl igyka 01' u'ks' úNx.j.a ." iÉpúNx. iQ;%h'

02' - tu -

03' - tu -

04' ix'ks' máÉpiuqma mdo iQ;%h'

05' - tu -

06' §'ks' ÿ;shNd." uydksodk iQ;%h'^b;s fLd mfka;x wdkkao fõokx máÉp ;Kayd" ;Kayx máÉp mßf-

haikd" mßfhaikx máÉp ,dfNda" ,dNx máÉp úksÉPfhda " úksÉPhx máÉpPJordf.d" PJord.x máÉp wÊf®didkx" wÊf®didkx máÉp mß.a .fyd" mß.a .yx

máÉp uÉPßhx" uÉPßhx máÉp wdrlafLd" wdrlaLdêlrKx máÉp oKa vdodkiF:dodkl,yú.a.yújdo;=jx ;=jx fmiq[a[uqidjdod wfkafla mdmld wl=i,dOïud iïNjka ;s'

wdrlaLdêlrKx oKavdodkiF:dodkl,y-ú.a.y-újdo-;=jka;=jx -fmi[a [ - uqidjdod wfka fla mdmld wl=i,d Oïud iïNjka ;S;s b;s fLd mfka ;xjq;a ;x' ;odkJo bñkdfm;x mßhdfik fjÈ;ínx h:d wdrla LdêlrKx oKa vdodk- iF:dodk - l,y - ú.a.y - újdo - ;= jka;=jx - fmis[a [ - uqidjdod wfkafla mdmld wl=i,d Oïud iïNjka;s ' wdrla fLda p yswdkkao kdyúia i iífík iínxiín:d iínx liaiú lsuysú" iínfida wdrlafÄ wi;s wdrlaLksfrdfOd wms kqfLd oKavdodk - iF:dodk - l,y - ú.a.y - újdo - ;=jka ;=jx - kq fLd oKavd-dodk - iF:dodk - l,y - ú.a.y - újdo - ;=jka;= jx - fmiq[a[ - uqidjdodwfkafla mdmld wl=i,d Oïud iïNfjhHqka;s''''''& 07' §'ks' mdÀlj.a." plalj;a;S iq;%h'

^b;s fLd NslaLfõ wOkdkx Ofk wkkqmam§hudfk od<s oa Èhxfjmq,a,u.udis" od<soa Èfh fjmq,a ,x .f; wÈkakdodkxfjmq,a,u.udis' wÈkakdodfka fjmq,a ,x .f; iF:xfjmq,a,u.udis ifF: fjmq,a,x.f; mdKd;smdf;d



O¾ud[S180 kdhl;ajh

fjmq,a,u.udis' mdKd;smdf; fjmq,a,x .f; uqidjdfod fjmq ,a,u.udisuqidjdfod fjmq,a,x .f; msiqKd jdpd fjmq,a,u.udis msiq Kdh jdpdh fjmq,a,x.;dh ldfuiq ñÉPdpdfrd fjmq,a,u.udis ldfuiq ñÉPdpdfr fjmq,a,x .f;foaj Oïud fjmq,a,u.uxiq Mreid jdpd iïMmam,dfmd p" oùiq Oïfïiq fjmq,a,x.f;iq wNsÊ®djHdmdod fjmq,a,u.uxiq" wNsÊ®djHdmdfoiq fjmq,a,x .f;iqñÉPdÈÜÀ fjmq,a,u.udis ñÉPdÈÜÀhd fjmq,a ,x .;dh ;fhd Oïud fjmq,a,u.uxiq wOïurdf.d úiuf,dfNd ñÉPdOïfuda ;Siq Oïfïiq fjmq,a,x .f;iq bfuOïud fjmq,a ,u.uxiq wu;af;hH;d wfma;af;hsH;d widu[a [;d wn%yï[a[;dkl=f,fcÜGdmpdhs;d bfuiq Oïfuiq fjmq,a,x .f;iq f;ix i;a ;dkx wdhq msmßydhs" jKafKdms mßydhs f;ix wdhqkd ms mßydhudkdkx jKafKak ms mßyhudkdkx wâVf;hHjiiai;dhqldkx ukqiaidkx jiiai;dhq ld mq;a;d wfyiqx'

08' wx'ks' ksífíêl iQ;% h'^fÉ;kdyx NslaLfõ lïux jodñ" fÉ;hs;ajd lïux lfrd;s ldfha kjdpdh ukid'&

09' wx'ks' ;sl ksmd;h'

10' Lq'ks'" Oïumo md<s" hul j.a.'^ufkda mqínx.ud Oïud - ufkdafiÜGd ufkdauhd

ukid fÉ mÿÜfGk Ndi;s jd lfrda;s jd;f;da kx ÿlaLukafõ;S plalx j jyf;da mox&

^ufkda mqínx.ud Oïud - ufkdafiÜGd ufkdauhdukid fÉ mikafkak - Ndi;s jd lfrda;s jd;f;da kx iqLukafõ;S - Pdhd j wkmdhsks&

11' u'ks' uÊ¯u mKaKdil" wïn,ÜÀld rdyqf,dajdo iQ;% h' ^hx lïux fkaj w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndOdh

ixj;af;hH" WNhnHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" ;x lïux l=i,x'

hx lïux w;a;nHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" mrnHdndOdhixj;af;hH" WNhnHdndOdh ixj;af;hH" ;x lïux wl=i,x'&

12' wx'ks' ld,du iQ;%h'^t: ;=ïfya ld,dudud wkqiaifõkud mrïmrdh



181fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

ud b;slsrdhud msgliïmodfkakud ;lalfya ;=ud khfya ;=ud wdldrmßú;laflakud ÈÜÀksÊ®dklaLka;shdud Nín rEm;dhud iufKda fkd .rE;s'&



O¾ud[S182 kdhl;ajh

12 mßÉfþoh±yeñ rdcH kdhlhd

wdka;sl igyka 01' §'ks' mdÀlj.a." plalj;a;s iQ;%h'

02' - tu -

03' - tu -

04' §'ks' uydmßksíndK iQ;%h'i. ^hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" jÊð wNssKa yikaksmd;d ikaks md; nyq,d

Núiaika;s jqoaêfhaj wdkkao" jÊðkx mdálxLd fkd mßydks'

ii. hdjlS j[ap wdkkao" jÊð iu.a.d ikaksm;sia ika;s" iu.a.djqÜGysiaika;s" iu.a.d jÊðlrKS hdks lßiaika;s" jqoaêfhaj wdkkao"jÊÔkx" mdálxLd fkd mßydks'

iii. hdjlSj[a p wdkka o" jÊÔ wm[a[;a;x k m[a[dfmiaika;sm[a[;a;x k iuqÉPskaÈiaika;s" h:dm[a[;af;a fmda rdfKa jÊðOïfï iudodh j;a;s iaika;s" jqoaêfha j wdkkao jÊðkx mdálxLd"fkd mßydks'

iv. hdjlS j[ap wdkkao" jÊÔ fh f; jÊðkx jÊðuy,a,ld" f;ilalßiaika;s" .relßiaika;s" udfkiaika;s " mQfciaika;s" f;ai[apfida ;ínx u[a [siaika;s" jqoaêfhaj wdkkao jÊðkx málxLd" fkdmßydks'

v. hdjlS j[a p wdkka o" jÊÔ hd ;d l= ,s;a Ófhda l=,l= udßfhda " ;d k Tla lia imihay jdfiiaika;s" jqoaêfhaj wdkkao jÊÔkx málxLd" fkd mßydks'

vi. hdjlS j[a p wdkka o" jÊð hdks ;dks jÊÔkx jÊðfÉ;s hdks wíNka;rdksfÉj ndysrdks p" ;dks ilalßiaika;s" .relßiaika;s" udfkiaika;s"mQfciaika;s" f;a i[a p Èkakmqínx" l;mqínx" Oïñlx n,s x fkd mßydfmiaika;s"jqoaêfhaj wdkkao jÊðkx málxLd" fkd mßydks'



183fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

vii. hdjlSj[ap wdkkao" jÊÔkx wrykaf;aiq Oïñld rlaLdjrK.=;a;siqixúys;d Núiaika;s' lska;s wkd.;d p wrykaf;da úð;x wd.ÉfPhHqx wd.;d p

wrykaf;da úðf;a Mdiqx úyfrhHqka;s" jqoaêfhaj wdkkao jÊÔkx mdálxLd" fkd

05' §'ks' is Õdf,dajdo iQ;%h' ^Pkaod fodaid Nhd fuda yd

fhd Oïux w;sj;a;;sksySh;s ;iai hfidld, mlafÄj pkaÈud'&

06' - tu -

07' u'ks' uÊ¯umKaKdil" .ym;s j.a." wNhrdcl=udr iQ;%h'^f;k fLd mk iufhk oyfrd l=udfrd ukafoda W;a;dkfihHfldwNhia i rdcl=udriai wåfla ksiska fkda fyd;s' w: fLd N.jd wNhxrdcl=udrx t;ofjdp' ;x lsx u[a[is rdcl=udr" iajdhx l=udfrd ;=hayx

jd mudouka jdh Od;shd jd mudouka jdh lÜGx jd lG,x jd uq fÄ wdyfrhH" ls ka ;skx lfrhHdiS;s' wdyfrhHia idyx Nkaf;a' iafõ wyx Nkaf;a k ilal=fKhHx

wdÈflaf;aj wdy;a;=x jdfïk NfF:k iSix m.a.fyFjd olaÅfkak NfF:kjålå.= ,sx lß;ajd if,dys;ums wdyfrhHx' ;x lsiaifya;= w;a Ó fu Nkaf;a l=udfr wkqlïmd;s ' tjfuj fLd rdcl=udr" hx ;:d.f;d jdpx cdkd;s wN+;xw;ÉPx wk;a:ixys;x" id p mfrix wmamshd wukdmd" k ;:d.f;d jdpx kNdi;s' h[ap fLd ;:d.f;d jdpx cdkd;s N+;x ;ÉPx w;a:ixys ;x id p mfrixwmamshd wukdmd" ;;%ld,[a a `C¥ ;:d.f;d fyd;s ;iaid jdpdh fjhHlrKdh' hx;:d.f;d jdpx cdkd;s wN+;x w;ÉPx w;a:ixys ;x id p mfrix mshd ukdmd" k;x ;:d.f;d jdpx Ndi;s ' hïms ;:d.f;d jdpx cdkd;s N+;x ;ÉPx wk;a :ixys ;x'id p mfrix mshd ukdmd" ;ïms ;:d.f;d jdpx k Ndi;s' h[ap fLd ;:d.f;djdpx cdkd;s N+;x ;ÉPx w;a:ixys;x' id p mfrix ms hd ukdmd" ;;% ld,[aa`C¥;:d.f;d fyd;s ;iaid jdpdh fjhHdlrKdh' ;x lsiai fy;=' w;aÓ rdcl=udr;:d.;iai i;af;a iq wkqlïmd;s'



O¾ud[S184 kdhl;ajh

wdY% s; .%ka: kdudj,s h

1' wßhúu, ysñ" fldiaj;af;a" 1996" Wiia fm< nqoaO O¾uh" iuhj¾Ok"fld<U'

2' wiaið ysñ" kdrxf.dv" 2009" uyd i;smÜGdk iQ ;%h iuÕ oïila mej;=ïiQ;%h" Woh fmd;a m%ldYlfhda " .fkauq,a,'

3' ´md;" fykr;a" 2009" zksy;udkSluZ" nqÿuÕ" Èjhsk" cqks 07" ms' 04'

4' ´md;" fykr;a" 2009" kdhl;a jh ms<sn| fn!oaO ixl,a mh" nqÿuÕ" Èjhsk"uehs 8" ms' 15'

5' l=udrfiak" wdßh lS¾;s" 2004" ;ryg wNsfhda.hla" fn!oaO ixialD;sluOHia:dkh" foysj,'

6' pJoúu, uydkdys ñ" f¾reldfka " 2007" flf,ia tla oyia mka ishh" Y% SpJoúu,O¾umqia;l ixrCIK uKav,h" fmdl=Kqúg'

7' pJoúu, uydkdysñ" f¾reldfka" 2008" mdrñ;d m%lrKh Y%S pJoúu,O¾umqia;l ixrCIK uKav,h" fmdl=Kqúg'

8' ;s,lr;ak" úu,a" 2003" fn!oaOhdf.a w;afmd; Oïu moh" Woh m%s kag¾ia m%ldYlfhda'

9' Y%S Oïudkkao" lsßkafoa" 2007" ÿla ìh ke;s Ôú;h" fn!oaO ixialD;sluOHia:dkh" foysj,'

10' nqoaOrCÅ; ysñ" krmdfka" 2002" zzix> ixúOdkh f.dvke.Su i|yd kd-hlfhl= jYfhka nqÿrcdKka jyka fia bgql< ld¾hNdrhZZ" ksjka u." fn!oa Ol<ukdlrKh" ;sia ;=ka jeks l,dmh" msgq 7-19'

11' fïOdkka o ysñ" foa jdf,a .u" 2002" zzl<ukdlrKh" kdhl;a jh yd nq qÿrcdKka jykafiaZZ" ksjka u." fn!oaO l<ukdlrKh" ;sia;=ka jeks l,dmh" msgq 1-6'

12' rKùr" ir;a" 2004" cd;l l;d" jdikd m%ldYlfhda " oxfldgqj'

13' isß r;kd,xldr ysñ" y.a.uqfõ" 2003" ienE ñksialu 1" r;ak fmd;a m%ldYlfhda" fld<U'



185fn!oaO uQ,O¾u

14' Y%S rdyq, ysñ" j,afmd," 1997" nqÿka jod< O¾uh" fn!oaO ixialD;sluOHia:dkh" foysj,'

15' úfÊnKavdr" pkaÈu" fudrgqj.u" tÉ' tï'" fyÜáwdrÉÑ" O¾ufia k" 2004"fn!oaO YsIagdpdrh 1" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j" fld<U'

16' idrdkka o ysñ" t<u,a foKsfha " 2003" zzudkj iudcfha ta l;a jh ms<sn| fn!oA Owdl,amZZ" udkj Ydia ;% 1" udkj Ydia;%m%ldYk moku" msgq39-57'

17' fidaNs; ysñ" n,xf.dv" 1991" nqÿ oyñka ms<sìUqjk fm<öï kHdh" weia'

f.dvf.a iy ifyda orfhda" fld<U'18' fidar; ys ñ" f.dä.uqfõ" 2008" ux., O¾u úia ;rh'

19' isßiquk ysñ" j;jk" 2008" w÷frka t<shg'

naayakathwaya e-book ven m. pannarathana

Documents