nagyvilág 2014 november

7/23/2019 Nagyvilg 2014 november

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#. QH>K, 11. ELP 2014. november

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"&c 'MeE Q> E=P ...................................................................................................................... 1217

B&h+$# hABA#e>QH K> (B>PLE AD DRPE) ........................................................................ 1218

"&c 'Me (P>H "> KP)BG> hD> D> =DEL=>PE ............................................................................ 1230

"&c 'MeAL P>QKV> [ V=DQ .................................................................................................. 1233

ch/$ &'AL >>LPSE DQELE= ("EE 'QD DRPE) ............................................ 1239

P>H hH> >H> hD>= ....................................................................................................1241P>H hH> =TELT[ 80. ELV>QE=>PS> ("EE 'QD DRPE) ....................................................................................1242c#A hAe#

BG> hD> >ELQ>QE ("TDHQ>KEEK ">PD DRPE) .................................. 1243eg& B&d/

BG> hD>DS> ("EE 'QD DRPE) .................................................................. 1250'e'A +e+il

TH H>>PE ("EE 'QD DRPE) .......................................................................... 1252#Ad#A $ehA+

gPELPE= hD>>> ("EE 'QD DRPE) ........................................................ 1254$#A "+deA

ELP>K QE >P>=LPE (. "EE AD DRPE) ............................................................ 1259hD> QD ..................................................................................................................................1260B&h+$# hABA#

P>L= GU *+; QPD (B>PLE AD DRPE) ........................................................................................ 1265


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"&c 'MegKTQ KPHEP HK KPH KTEQ? cLUD QE TLUDhD>P> ........................................................................................................................................ 1268

B>Q K, > .................................................................................................. 1283

*

A >G= =TLT> S= P $L>, >E>H $DG, "EE 'QD =QELR.AL DRH =Q=QD =TELT P $L>=.

#PEE > >G=D: III.KH>->KD.G

A KH>P PS


3/108

Kocsis Pter

E@ Q> E=P;Y

LPL EL BG> hD>. A/=/ LL> ELP> EL> H>PRDi E(EL>HP=) RDS >Q=Q=. NEELP>>RPEG= =Q >K RDPE E ELD>[>, >K KDG> Q >HEG=. AL K= K >H>>_, >K= = E >= hD> DP, [ L Q L/ + DPEPH> H> >>>H. A PE= RDPE H>PDD= ES, K Q EV> E ! $>> =TLT>QT =TELT >> P $L> GD.

eK =V>T Q=L= L RDSD, >HESP>H hH> hD>DS> RD EELQK= D K =TELT[ >HQ>, >K L K=D E =TLPDEEP >T= RDhD>= 1994-, L RDS K>H= ELV>QE=>PS>.

LS =G>PEP= =QDQEQD[>, D> =DEL=DS>, H>EEL G>PK =TL>V= K =QKE QPDS>: E(EL>HP=) RDS QE LUD H-ELKPDS>. PDELS=Q K =GE =>>PLLE> EL>V= hD> >Q=Q=, >K=V>T>E, $KDDELP E >[ELTD =TLLQ S==> >>GELDP>G=.

LPG= TEELP>>RPEPL Q>=V>TL> EREQ KU, hD>KQ=P= K= [ LS =V>TELP =TLT> QK=Q= TEQQ E.

BG> hD> EDELP EL>[= K EDPEL=_ HHP>EL P=, G>H LL> L RDS K= =TKHQD, >K= R: G/ *. NEELP>>RPEG== =TELT[ >P $KDDELP E TH=EL= =H>[ KTK>PEL=_ QE PDY

1217


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BoHUMiL HrABAL

e>QH @K>F>H>>

A = ; ;** ;/ ; =;L;;, \ - / @ \, //@; /. A ;;; B. ALKDGPE PD[D HQ> L U>HQ>D,HQ>, QE >K L L. hP L ? AL U>HQ>ETQ ? a: U< Q> =L, U< DLGDP E! hPD[D:

HEEL=V>Q, > =Q>. +K G, QE >K.

1218


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#ELP>> GELDS>, >ELP>> HPEY EEL>Q >V=, L >[RDPE= =>> DY & H RDH, L=Y

F>ELP>> PDDE=, QE H> PD[D, a HEELD U>H>QH>. A DE-= ELDU: $QD PE H>=, = ELD... A DE= -=QH> DiE, DE=P =GKS P>DL E>R.

EELH>, . A GEL >G>, EDS= >KR>=, H>>K >=-E>H, PDEEGLPE G =QELV>=, =H>PR, =>, =DE >G, a T-T V>[ >D >[HEL PD =, QPK ==D, EL>PPE D,

HPKSS, PE EK> >>... >D >= DP=L... $G> >E...'DP, $PD DQL =D> =SDPL, S, TEEL> =EL=, EQP>S [ ED=,TEELESLL, LP DPEL >E K DLL HE=ED, a QD=L=P>S[ T>TLQ=, HDP= D= >[D, HDP= >E=, ES= G >DEL== L P, T>T =D= SD >S, SDPE SD.

A GEL BGE >, P =V>HPDE=, E=E= [=, LD=, GEL=, GS= K> PDP GLL=. AL GSGEL > >=S> P>>,DQP>=L=, Q=> HQE TD= =. A GEL P>> D=D. ALHL[ P>P E= =[[> > >>>, KQ-> EQP>=, HPEPD>=... A E=LG=!

A >= K ED, LQK VD[ >> TT-=, PLEPD= HPEPDED= HP>EL K [E, HE==QELR P, >Q= dG-D HPEPDED=. AL >E[ T, KTKTDiLT>EQ, KTKTDi UE, EDP>>PE EV>T=QD, ELSQ=, =E, ED=, VHQ= TH Q>[K==> QE S==>, GETH= HRLL> QE JQ>, >= DQ >KL=-=, =V>> ELV=, DEE HRLQD ===... A aPL ES P DDS> -ELQ>, > = 'DPP, >K ED= P>>=, =ELE LT>EQ, > HPDH... a D P>> L Q>[ >E > >[...

"SDPL "PD>K QD, a GERPE= L P>S[==, >ELP>KD K,K> QE L=Q PKE =SDD=, [HQD= DR ELQ>... eK =THQD P-E K[L=... KSKG>=, P Q > ETDD>, >K LE, K GHDE HK= ETDKPDP>... a S>, ED= KGD QD =-EL=, DQ =PDE= gDK cD, E >PS G>ES . [HQD=... =... [HQD=, PE= EL... a =K ELPS>, >KES >Q>,EL>P>=L= DEELDD>, L P>>R... "EL= QH>V> JP>.

A aPL PDEG> P 'DP >Q DPLL L T=>Q... h H H> -ESD "T>...

1219


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a... L e> Q?hT>K... Q...a... LD Q?hT>K... T DQP>, PD Q ELD DQP...$= PQEL== HPEPDED=, P>E=, PK=, HQD

ED=P ESD G===. DEL, H >KS HRL, RDTDV>=TL[, >=DE=QLELPDRS... a >>=E >E> L DP, U=TL[H> QE L >=DE =QLELPDRSH>, LP V=TD >[ P>>P>, =LQDULE, L = L Q L ELP>KD, > L QPE = =EL=, HPLP= HDP=,

>KES =Q >D EQP>, DG= RD Q, >=, ELV= QK>, EL-DU. a >Q K ELP, E= =Q PK H, ED= >PE =DEELQ=,U QD, , KTKTDi, K =EPD>PLS, >-> K ELDU [, K=EL= E>K: = L... P=...a EG=QLQE =QD... 'PE >KES: E EE = L =>Q > [, KDE >Q=, = E ED=UE[ >QE[D QD,>[HEL LE=[ [ >K K >, KL =E, DPL ELERD, LK=L >Q, [ =DELV>K L G-

HD, = [ =T-ELT, DRP H PE= HPDE, D QE L > H =-P>P=... , QE dDL, ELPEL= ELD= D H, ELDQ=! 'DEL P HPDE, L HPDE, K >>P KQHKELD ELD >P= > >PK >P


7/108

"SDPL, DEELD >LSELP, H> EL a, DEELD ELQ-PD> L DHE. a: , G, >, DSP>P=, >Q= L T>TL[=DG>: e>[PE =TL, E= 'DPP! 'DSP> =QELD, K, ELD gDEE GD...

AL GSGEL BGE [GP >, >EER, L HL[ =TL>: A ELP>> >[ EL D=>, ELP>> KDE. A GEL P>>, L GE= =S-G>=, K KDER >, E[D =K[=P, E[D GEL QE >> >>E =V>T>>=D...FQE==TL =>=G>= PD=, =TL>: eE EL DD, HED ELP>>P,D=SE>SH>, =QD, QD >K= !

a >=TELT ELPDEPS>, PPS> LL> L VDVK>, K > K =QE>-, >PS>, QE K, DD >P... A =D a EL. BKL PDGPL=, >PK EE >PEL= >HQ>=, E= KR>S GP=, VL>= QEGHD=, PD H>PRS D=>P=, L DS i>K= QDPL= GHDP, =G>PR PE=P=, PE> [= HK DGP=, HPD> HQ ELEELSE >=, ELEELSE =D>P, QE a >ELD H>L= L GHD=, [GP= QDPL= GHDP EL>Q>Q HQ, L GD QKiL[ >=, EL GHD= [>K=Q EL>P>P=L K=, a =TL >PEL=...

A =D P>> K ELEELSE ELP>> =PHQPL >[, K h> hGPD=PHQPL, ELEELSE i>Q=... =D K KD-, =, ELEELSE RELRQE, >E VL, PD DP DLPSE PL KVHQH, EL>=P=, =QK>E V>TQ>[[E D= UL= >Q>KV>, =PHQ ELVDET>= DS LG->==>, QPK =V>T>, > D== DDDP, >= PDE>PE, D>ELEDQ=... ME =DPH> EL, QE ELS>R, LQD =LS>K H>, QE E L, >P>=L= KD RDS=QE LES RDS=, =, Q>=, PDE>=... A =D >QL =PHQPLS> >E Q-DD, QD= >=>L DRQ=, V=DT= E=ELDLLP=

1221


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ELEELSE iD=. A PDE >QE[ >, =D GP, [ KDPL: $E > >> KV= >... G =E HP>> H, DL E G>QKL =>>... ME , L > PD QH Q > H> D QE >PRDPE==>, E[ D H>, LP >=Q= QDD>, H-P= QPH>, PD RDE D =Q, == V>=... "EL>PK... QLL , KG= K==[ =T, Q>=V> K >QQE E =! "EEELK, T E>K, QE=TL >P>E ELDU... A =D >= PELPLL, T G =DL, ELR-E DGLDDQ RDE D=D[>, PD LE >=, =D >HP>HQL =PHQPL EL>=, =DEELQ== QE L QD T G EL>P, QPKELS> QD V EL>L DR... d KP>>P >EL E V,E E=VH[, L EL=PE, QQ> QE HEDPP>, GKL DRQ=... >>, =EEELK, L G>ES > PD, QE QL HEL= K[DLE=, K KTKTDi PDPK[D LE=... QE S> =E QL[>, D, -RH T HEDPL, ELS> LLP? MD, > DP PD QE HEL >>ES, GK, >V> ELDU, >K, >K ELDU...

ED ELP>>P, DLS, D=SE>PE, KD $PPE G>KPE. cPKL,=PE=, a DP =TKi E>K, ELRHQ Q>K P. A PKDRPE LQDL, LQEL= =TDV>HEL= QE E= = , #EL: $@, >[EL>P>S= PDP>K...

> D LRPL, gDEE UD QE b= UD GDLP>=, L L [ =-DQEDLG=, QL[= G==L= HQE[>, EELP= gDEE UD ELH, gDEE-S> EGPDL= EL>>EEQ, DP DS... ">... a =G>EELP=TT V> K ELQ= QE [, ELV , Q=EE> KV...

>P, PKDRPE , a = K ELPLDE, ELP>>SHQ=, =V>T>= QE PDEEGLPE DQELHH[E>=, EL= L QELEQV=D, L GLPED...

gDEE UD =, QL[= HPD>= [GS, QE HEEL= =SDPL, gDEE UD PD, >...

h>PELPEK, >=K, a >KES= EQP>, =E DK= ELD>E= EL->GK >QE[ h> h> QDQ=DELPD, >ELSD EL>=, QE E= - V>TQ>[ PD=, ELD> H>-K PLEP, PDDD QL, HLP [=, KV> V>TQ>, KV> EL- ==>, TT DL= h>PELPEK =H>PRDK, >[ $PKPE-> >DV> EP>E EQ, E[[> ELPD EDK=, =DEU P>= THL=, L QEL > ES> DP=

H>, QD =DQPH> =TDV>DP= H>, QE L >=K, GP > PD, L Q Q ETQV> >, >K >, K >GDEL=P>SSDGS, >KiTL[ >PHPK... a DG>, H>= ELV> K>, a E>PEL H> [. a E>K,

1222


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, EL L EL>PL =TL>= QE QV> ELS>R=? a >>=L=, EL >P>? HP? K>P HQDELPS>? a >=: 'DPPS>! A EL >[=, a E>[=, =D EL EL>HP=G> >KK >K... V>Q= T> K =E? MEa QK> [ELQ TDV>, K , K ==>, E aP= EP P=... fK V> QD, > aP QL, >L QD DELP V>TQ>[ ELD>EPD=, QE KR>= >PK=: A >=E [DLT, GHP= HK=, QE EL>HP= PLG HP= Q> PDELPL QH, G>PE ==S> =T>TL= P,HQ>=GE=... d KP KD >, KDG> =>> = DG>P>-G=, =V>T DP= EG H> L EDPH>, G>=D, Q>>THT>, HPEPD GHPK=, SDPE=DQ=, a EL>

K V>=Q =H>PR HPDE T>Q >==, >KS =H>PR [LTE, PDE>- =Q>KE =DLSLS D=, =GE DS D, L D= >E=,a EL>, L PE= , K EHDPLE>=EQ>K, a H, LP U, >K D-, K EL EL >[ , QDSP>K, =QELQ>KE ES=, K i>E=>SDS> >ELPG>, QE HRLD QD=LH K E Q, HRL =DTE, D ES=EL >LG, DQV> HERPE=, H>S= HK ELR>>=... A EL PDR >K L QRQK ED, V> ES=, PD K DQ>KE EELKEP V>, ES-= D= >E=>=. a =TLH>V> ELQ>QQ> P>>, ES= EL> DQ>KE EELKEP EU>K U>EPE >KDEG>, =EL>P>S ELQ>KL KELD=L>, EELU DG==> QE PQ==> Q>E =KD D> ES=, K DV>, ES= >, =KDPE =TL T>-E, K=EL=Q E=P E >ETTD a DGP HL, EiDi = -=, a DL [>, EL DPP> =EL

HL aP, PD E H= L GS... $ =>> ELPDR, > =>>H, RL= ? a S>, H , EL... >HEL > ->, EL>P>...

FQ>P>K, > EELDi E=QL >KU>= L Q> KSD LK V. "Q >= =GP>, L K= =KEHD>K, QEa >Q, TT EL. B H=, > >HPK ELSD QK> H>P-RH, H>> , L EL>= LPEL>SDS=, LPEL>S= >PPEELDi >S= KL EPS>, K PE VEQ. $H>PR >PD. a E ELQ> >, ELQQL, >[ELTD >PG>... A EL DPQL, E>K, =TK=QLLG>> L, K E , > K ELi= =KDSE >QE[, =E>PRPE,

1223


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>QE[DG>S= KTKTDi S=GE ELELD=. A EL HPK, >Q D-=SDG, > >ELSD U=E>PP [D=SDG, =H, QE >Q, a GP...

A EL ELS>> EL>HP=G>: eL D> [DLT QEL Q==>SSDP>KL =PDKP HDDP= H>... a =Ui=, =TD H>PR V[>KES-T> DGP... E= ==D QL ELQ D=SDG... A >= Q HD= P>>-=, >V>D[> QK> H>PRH, L ABBA Q=E[, LDQHE... a T>>== QE PG>H QL L KELDi=DP, D =E =DEL> P V[ DP=TH==> L >>P, PDPD >KLH. A EL >[UL K =G>EES, =K[>K, KE >> =DP>K =DP QE a KL, aDQV>, >K PE >E>K=, EL LGP a K==LQ P, PE= =DP>K =PDPL, , PD>Q QE UK >P>P, EP>E ELQ, >K ULG DS-DGP, QE K QL EEL> VH V=TDD> QD HEEL, >PELQL V=TD, E >QH LL>, >P, P QE EL V=DT, PK T>Q >KL L DELP->P QE > V=DT, QE a E=QL>QE ELD >KL [ELTD ==D QD, =D EEU >P>D RQ> D=, PD S P E >=REQD ELRPL, QE PD S P E, >[ELTD KELD, LP =QELD =>>= [PE =TL, K GES S = TQ, K Q, ==D, =D D LR-PL L G>ES H>, =SD-PL E= H>, P>S[ HK=, KELDi P>S[, K >PEE, >EE

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>... L G>ES PD PD L E =QD, K H> >K=, PL HL LVE "DELGE, UK > , LVE "DELGEE> L DPP>, =>, E>K,Q UK, K Q E E>K=... eL U> S TDQ... A EL, -GP L ABBA >: M E HK= KL, G-S>E > >EQ, H K =E>PK... QE H>K >E[ >PPED>ELD P, >K E>K, >EQ= H>... >K ELE HK=, E =H >Q- >=G=, K EL>HP= >G, ELD TDV>, >PP, >>P >K= -ELQ>, >P>=L KGE=P>, =E>PK=P>... LP, GK ELQ,

HDPL= GEL? ADD E= QL, DS HDP=, VTK ELPDR ELQ>, LQEL T> DR=... =E>PK PD KDG> ELQ>, =P -KDG>... E G, QD, PD LQ=, QE BQ=QEE =TDKQ=Q E KDG>= ELQ>... G, QD, PD Q E =P KDG> ELQ>=, QD L?LSH>, >? a >=PE Q>=V> DPHPE>K=, >>=R>L L D, U ELS> K D... a HQQL D=S-DG, < Q>=V> KPL= DGP DK D=P QE L DK, PL= >>, LT> QE DSLEELR, EL E >DR K =E>S, >ETQV> D=SDG, L >-ELSEL=DQK PP>>R K =E>S, QE D=SDG >=PS>, PD>KEEPS> >PEL=, > =TDV> VQ>KE QK KU>, GK D>=D[> L Q>E QK L QEL >D, HP, L >=S> >P-EL=, DK >, >=, DK=, P>>QD=... a >KE=, D-ELP>PH> QE =LQ, L >=L >Q QE >PG>, >KE E= P>PTDQ H> QE PE==>... AL >= H>PRS QK EL HQKDG-P T>TLH UK P>>, K =DP>K, K =D, E =>> ELS>>, E =>> LG>, =TKQ =[> ==[ >==D-=, QE UK, K H, >iHT>[... E L SDP>, TEELDLL, >=E>PRPE, T>=E>PP, [D, PH>S >Q DSD-G, = >==>SSD, EL =TL>[ >Q, a SHE PDPD >KLL DELP>P, [> QE dVEE>DS>... Q =QDL aP, >-K- HPDE QL GEEL>. d a PD >EL=, TEELTT>KTH, Q>K.

1225


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A >S> =ELP>>SL= PDEEGLPE DQELHH[, ELP>>= GEL, a =>Q =G, GEL TQ GS QD=L=, =ELP>> >[> EL, a V> LLP, RL SD... AGEL K KD HL[ EL>HP=G> G=L= QE GE HPDEQLQEUH>P >>= KD HQ=, Q HDPL= GEL, =>-QD=D KPES> ELQELSD KP=, D QE=G=, >>[ ELS=, =,>HE=P=.

a =RHPE QL = Q> >DEL >=, >KE EL>>[ DL> ELP>> [, gDEE UD a HP>>PD K=, E... G=... TEEL> ETTD >Q KP...

AL GS >H=, L[=T, PE DQ= > P, GELP DS HDP= D-=, EL SHE >> E=PK, =>> K, KS,a TD E>K, KDQ QDL >H[ PD>PEP, K =GS GS >=P... $P =HEEQ, K =EHPDE > >>, EL aPH> QD >,L D= Q PHL= EQD[>, L D D>UG S EL>HP=G> ELQ>= KPE =TL... A EL GK L GE? M QD G= QD=L, GE= DPEL, UK EQ=EL= DP>, P>G=, =E>... , L Q GE, HPDPG K P, EL G >PK==>, HP P... AL GS =KD= K GP, HQQL[, EL[>[. AL G>ES PL LK K >K>, DEEL =DRQE, PELTDLEi DP=, =Q ELS, D= DPKP HD, ED=Q=... AL GHD KL>... ME =DRQEQ>, K TDLE TQ UPK P>>, iK EL>KELL ELD QE aPD, >KL==, K DE DLP, >[GD= QE HP>THT>TL iK EL>KS>... A EL K LLP, ES=>PK G-DH =D QE U aPD Q>L, EL >>EQE QLDP, =DRQE TQ D>=E: +K, >K KTKTDi, ELV>[PL, P EP>E?

a S>, K , KP>>P UK >PS>=E HP KDPL: $PDP= RHPK, EG =i[, DPE>R, ELQ Q, =H Q L QV>, a

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=TH, EL GG> =TKT=Q KU=E HL aP ELP, K =>SE L EL> >PPL =TH, =TDV>T EQ, ELP D->EQ, >=S Q E =>= H> >, ELQP> GKP=, [=, DEKP=, EL KD >>=E: ELV>, >G, L PK... , =QKGE=P, L GE, >EQ, $PD... =E>PK >K [, >K KTKTDi... a QL =QK EELK, PD QK=QQD[> EV =-ELEP, E>SEP... K >= P =TL>[ =, G< SPLPE >>-EL=... A EL >>=E L >=L HL aP, >G >[> PD DQEL QD=TL>=, >> =DD> =GDPKiK EL>KPH> E PD DQEL QDD >[, K=D PE= GP, TDLE=QE =DRQE LQ=Q[> DPL, DQEL= UEUL==, = >PHL-=... A EL >>=E: H GE! ALG K -E>KP, =H D, EL G, TD[= H>, K KDGP, L > Q>, HL =KP, K, =PK H> =, SEP D, EL L EPDE -

HEL [L=... "LHDP ELQK>>, KHEPD E, K GE E DQEL... EL K[, [, EPKP, L =QD >[>... A EL =TELT ELV>= =HE PE, , QE PHL= aPH>...

AL GS >G>, ELT=QE L =P, PHLPE, =E>PK L DP= TQ DTHT>TL iK KPS> PH>S PDD...

hDPK, EPD... 'GEL... > HDP>, a QE EL L DS HDP= =TLT... $E>PEL= E=, K EL= >> > H EL >, >S V>, =TDV>T HQ>, HDPLS GEL, >[EL PE=P =E U HDDS=QEL>Q, >HDDQDELP> >SS ... A EL >V> >>Q, EPDPS> > QE =Q PKi, EL >>=E: eL GE EL=R >, =D T>> EPDS>... a:QLL E= , K TEELEL> L KDGP>=E: G... GD K =E HRLQD K DKQD... ELS>> a... ELK EPDP, a V>TQ>, =TDHEL= HDP=, LL=... PE=P HDDS-=QEL>> KV =E= =>... a >EV[ =D H >>, gDEE UD=>P=, =E HTDT L DK, a EL EPDE K-DGP> GE, >=TKT=T>... a >[HEL PE=P V=DT: QLL E= !... A EL QL, >=E: AGES> =-, G=TL> >PQE DG>P>= =,D EL>HP=G> =TELTT >, DP EG L EDPH>, LK PKELD EPD L Q PE KGE!... A EL >>=E KDPL, HDP= =TL EQP>, U< ELQ>, GEL DDS EL>, =D== =P>... HDDS=QEL>Q QE =>P EL PE=P


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dQ>GP, L GS U BGE >Q, a TEELTT>KTH >EL= L V>QE, ELKD E= >>=L=, a U[ >P =DEELQ=, EL PKU=, a >EL=, P>P EL UDR->K=E>S, $PKPE-> =RHV>D[> QKPD UEL=... a QDL=: EL >[>


15/108

=, EGP, =PD ETDKPD >H=, TEELEL= L DG=... gDEE DEELSE, EL-D, =D P>... a ELQ E>K, VTK, VK>[: gDEEUD, E!... a P QE L R KDGP, HDPE=D L, LEL>L >Q... D, E iK EL>K, L ELL-= H> =... &, > aPH> V>, E K >D >P>... L EL> PDD HP>>PD P, PD >K EL-DU, , QE L P>> PE=P=... F>D, TDV>T=, K H, a,PE= >K ELQ, KGE, >K ELQ, GE, =E>PK=P...PE= K... >QH K>...

> ELP>> >[, PDEEGLPE DQELHH[ ELP>>= L GSGEL, a>V>, >>Q V> P, >KPE QP, K [ G>P> , =DE, K HQGJGE>, D PEPD, K =T>, L [ =T>[>... KH LLPEL: ME = , L Q[>, LD

>Q[>... AL HL[ ED > HL[ >V ELP=, ES= L = GEL >=P=... QE P>> EL, DL, E=P[ >>EL PK >P>>, PD D =QD EL ... AL =, a>GD=, GELDS>... EL HDP =, DD =QD >PEE 'DPP. a >> > GELD, >QE[D[> Q HEELELS>: , RQD, K >=E> >PRPE, , ==D Q =H>PR T= hDLE... AG>, PD, $G> >E, EL E>K, L G>S GEL>[, a KDQ L >=D K... >i= T E U... $G> >E... A => aT>Q.

BA# AdeA DRPE

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Kocsis Pter

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+K==D Q>PG> G/ **RDPE H>S-=VLQEQ= TDQ, QE [> ELS> E =>S T hD>-i =TLV>. $Q- LP>>, K hD> L =TKH P=, K=D DP= QE DPDS> RD,>E[ =QELQE[> \ Q>DQH Q>>>, K Q>PG, K REL D, K R, GK==D PDG> E L =D, E==D DP, === >K E= =TELT. GHP, K ELS E > =KPE=DS>, P>LPE=DS>, K =T LU> EL= -LD=, L K=D DP=, K= =TLT [ELD>[, >RD BGR= D-=GE EL>[ >[DL_. A =TKH H>SG> QD. AL PD PE =QDQE, K =QE[, G->=P>PE QD=Q, > , K G/ ** QE %/ @/ TEEL>>SLL \ = =DEELG= =P L GS i >P =PDP.

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$E HKV= ELVKD DQEL>E K >K E, >K[> =DV>,>K E H> L L_ BG> hD> HELK >HESL, LUDPL QE L T-LUDPL. 1968. GGELGE 21-Q DES LDL[QE KEV> ED HG>=cEEL>HP=P, K HQ HEE= DP HEL_ > T=, hD> ELPPD L L >PE QUK >>

H>, >E[ EELHPE. hD> =TH=L[= RD


63/108

>G>, K =V>T>T T RL >DR =T H L=S> L Q DPGEQE KTQ RDPES>, QE K HP DRPE=S>, >K= =V>T>T EP>-=, KG Q>Q= L Q > Q> HQQ, = , L DELP H= L >HES... (...) ME E L L Q P>-=TLTEEQ=>> K EPHP QE H>> = Q> =TKH= Q=PS> L Q>HL[= H>PP, L=QS> =TKH=Q[>, >K= E KV> RD, D= LD= =TLDi=TQEQH>, ===> KD==D S ->P>=L QE >P>=L, L= L D=, === E = L, =, L= L D=, === TDQ[> QE Q>QK[> QE EDEPS>=QEE> ER = D= L [ EV=[>, K LP RDPE =QELRE=>[>V= =>>PLE=, P P= L= L D=, E >Q= ?

A> UK QDLQ , >E==EL H> L PDHEP [ HK GS > =>> =EL ..._23

eL= P 1969 DGPDQD=L 1975 K = TQHE >PE =TH[ QED, P =K Q> iPS_ == RDPE H> >Q>. >E>H $DG ELHH>:

1974 HQQ hD> UD L K QD, K =RH ELQ>QED[>, K >KEHQE D>DS>, DS>. hK >P hP >KE %=-*, K LL> >P ELi L HP=GG, >K L RDS UD Q>, QE K >PU=LQ= = iH. K > L >>QQE, EL=> Q-=KEQ, [>, =D QEL =>K =QDL [>V=, ELS>G= >-L. cE= =QE[ GEG> , >K QL TQE >[ P>>, %=*==D ELTDK =GE > H>._24

AL QEL DUD DQEL>D[> K=D ELU=, DP= ELP>S L RDPE E=P >L, QE =D K-K HDPE-E> >=QELV>, L G >=TL> DP=, == HQ>QK -= DS>. AL RDPE TELTD P>LPE >>QD E EL ELD=EL[EQ=, RKhD> KD VD>> >, P QE QE LL> E>G >>PE -Q> E H> ELPPD. e= >>QD >G>ES HDPS E >S=>P> DP =TD, RK hD> HELK> KG HPD == QEQ.

AP> K H> >QE, =D >P, K H>>PEP E= PELD=EL-Q=, ULP=_. eL LUD >>E DP>>, GK==D GS>E PD EE G[>

H>=Q QQE= i=, EL Q DDS> ELS>, K = >Q =-DEELG= EiDi>QD E G EL >>=ED>==DV> . eL TDQ hD>>> E: - DSP> >=G, R HQV>>>>V> EL = >[ \ E= >=TL> DP GP=, D[> E H>ELS, K L >.

F>= ED>LQ= H $D DGE HLQEQH> \ >Q =TKH DP "-EL, HL[ >>LQ= QD>EQ= RQ>Q= > KPHEPPQD, E= D

1277

23 O vjezdnch dolo&kch. . i, Dom&c( )ko$, Mad& Fron!a, 'DP, 1970.24 BELQ>QE >;E>H $DG>, 2002. PD;GE 28.


64/108

QDL UK, K >PDG>P=_ \ > [= G= Q K E = >= >>, hD>, == T=D=PK HEEL- =HP>S D>>= EQK H>. e[> =LH H > ELQ> iHQEL= KPHEPPDS>, >=GHPEPDS>, =DEELG=QELEQQD[>. A > ==D

HD =HD, K DTT =Q ELL DQ= =QDQE: $ ELS>hD>L?_25A HP>EL= =V>TTL[= H>=, QE K E= >PDG>= L QD=D[>QE L QEL ==D E PDE>DS>. "D> "DK>, >PE PDE-Q=E Q>PG> L, K A G>R= , hD> K =GDH_. E b=HD=jDD >Q=L, K L KTQ >RD=GE K =TL E, K hD> T=D-=GE D ELH ELD hD> TK>PLPEP cEEL>HP=PE=LPEE>, =EDiEQ>, VH>, ED=PEE> QE Ki>T>=TQEE> P=_.26 H"> DSP> V>R L Q> i[>, QE hD> TDQ=[> V>V> >K Q>[ DSLRDS= HL. eH Kan!2rko#& L= RQ> >, == =TKH-QQE DL=. = =TLV>V=, DPE= =TLV> RQ> > L=, == - D=..._ \ >RD =G. d E= QPK \ >.J0( Ko&0 \ HQ=QELD K EPDP>PE =TL L L KTKT Q>K. AL QK, K EL QD P>> PRD QE LUDPL ELQ>QE_ >> KDD ALTH>PPRS =>GL_ R> >DR ELTH, >K hD> L TH>>P-E=Q S >, QE >K >>QD. A RDP>S=, === TEQ DQELE >G> Q> D>LPSE D-LE >Q> =TLT HK DPS, QE == L >P=, K H>= >=ED-GD>PEG= E, E, =TLV>V= E= > E >HEP= %=*-==.>E>H $DG =EDi = i=, K L ==D GDDG K= [E HLQD>=PHPE =TKHQQE ELDHL BG>hD> iH[>. =P >K H> L, G, PK =TKH Q- >, QEL LE T, K =GEP= =V>= LULP>[>V=._27

ME K HQ>== L VKD[> L QD?AL =>> , K Q E DQV>, =D G, K =TKH

QPK >HES K>=L= PEPD >Q RDPE "-EL. d PD U>H PD GKL==> =E "SPE==> L ADKDE V>TQ>, > >LS>>S= H>=, QE E= HV= L, "P TDQ, QE G= ETDT= QE Q =TELT L== P===, K E D=>P EP>=, =, = >P E QD>.+KRK =TELTT DPE= E, == ELD>= C *@/; =/* . =T, == =EEQ PE=Q GK, QEE= LLP= D-DQ DPEPL, >>K> EE =QELV>= >. $E == E > =>> -

1278

25

Ji0( l'derer, i. Kare H#(4-aa: +ek' ro%ho#or$.26 "D> "K@>: $PE;= GS;D. . i,2000, 1989. PD;>;E, 44.27 BELQ>QE >;E>H $DG>, 2002. PD;GE 28.


65/108

, K =Q= E>S =QDQE= %=* ELD=EL[[>, P PE=QHP>EL>Q=, L ==D ELQ>QE EL>>Q. M H>S QDL =TLPDEEP, QE EL>[, E =>> -W EL>>Q=, Q ==D E, E=ELD L =>> , D E GELGE,QE =RHP=. d L E= QE =LPDS> L Q >, L E= QD, L= L D=, ===> Q>=, ===> K>H- QE EDE=T-LTEEQ HK=, QE Q L L D ELTH, L ELQ, >K TEEL=T T==>, L ELQ L Q Q> QE PE= K, D L, >>= L= L Q =EP, L= =TLE ELGPS=, >K=D[> ETDT= >> QDEV>T= L D= ELP, L EP> >[> L QE E =TD-KL >Q> EL>[K HEELV=DTL[= "TLQ-eGDS DGP=QE ELRHQ= QEL Q>. A ELQ P>> QE ELQ= HK= =D= KD=,DQELHH[H >[, QE K ELH==> H>S LEL=, DP=UH LP T =, PD PE. $ ELD-, E =QELDE ELD L=DQEL, TDT >LSGE... = >KKD -PD DR EP>D RQ>Q= LQD, L=DQEL, ==>P= ELPiLQE, [ =P D, HP: L TDHQ-K== >E=... G, K = E K=D =>> S> VDT=>Q[>, Q E EL QE ELL L= EDEP, === L L Q> GKE= U> =TKi..._28

ME PD hD> HQ>QQ> DG=, QK L E, K Q HE QH=,=D L >DRH D> QE ELL Q KD=[ QD- DLPS_ EL K>,

HELK> ED ELQ. QEL Q L [ ==D ELV> iH H>= L=,>K= PDLP= L= >=PES =D-=GE QE >RQ>[ >=.

*

AL E LKE, K hD> >L =TDV>QK= =TLT E HQ iD \ L >HESL. 1994- K =QDQED, K KP>>P >- L -DPS, DP>E >[EQ, hD> RK >>:

h RL QH TDT K, ==D > Q E DP>Q=, D, K L, P > =GK=Q, =D DE=Q. A=PD-=D >GL, P Q>, K >DEELQ= TT EDS=, K L TD-Q E, QPK RDSH> TDQ... hKP= =GL, L PD Q=. fK LP L >Q ELPD L Q> QD>, >[ >,>K HK=... eK LKE =TKH L RD S=Q, K HK=E >E[, E =V>E[ DPE RGE. h H>, ==D L D TDT==QH>SEP -

1279

28 $-5)6;1+3V @5);-3. BG;> hD> TEELKi


66/108

DPE HK=. eL L Q EGE CGS QE GE HH, L L Q ER>GE, >>K>=QE HK= Q>, , =PDE= L XKPH [EW, = Q HK=._ 29

ME Q K H>>PE hD>S>:AL Q UHS= HP >KP>, E=[D>= =DELV>, ETD-

L... [! "QE H> RD L, QD G>... A %/@ /... QE G/ **..._30

hD> Q TLUDPLGE_, HK UK EL=, L P>Q-KRQE_ =V>T>E EL=TL RH EREQV>, UK, K L >H[ >QK, KTK Q>K_ Q E>>PEPS> E E= >-> HEL ] >P, E =DV>, KD

HELQ>KE QE Q>DQD[ > hD> EQ L PRPE_ =. A>- Q DD =V>T>E >=S ER>GED > $> "GD, =D hD-> [ QL K RDPEP:

hEL L Q ELTH >G > =UL... L PD "GD UD E - = 'PDLE... hQ, KG >EL 'DPP, RDPES> KG=UL= PD, ==D E D H>, >QKD DPKG>, Q? e>Q, =Q T> =ULLP=, QE PDE D= H L RDPE...31

f, =Q RDS =TLT =V>TEQ K U: HQ>>, K "G-D >=GE RDS_, LP>> =DELDi> P, iH EQDV>Q=K=, QEL-EQV= E= >PEL, RK P DQEL==> E < H! "GDPH> EL, = Q K>= DEL= H>PRDiHQ,32 hD> =TLH> >=P \ ELPRH PD>R, =L DSLP \ KELD E =DD ELPiL RDS H>PPS>, K KELDi>EDQE , >KD[> [ RK RD:

h >Q=EL, >S=Q L G>, K >= EQK= \ EGP DELPG=, QEL "TLQ-eGDSP \ L D[E ELELQ=PDLP= , === P>>RS> >S >SP, LP PDL >=PE QE LP>> TDQ> E._33

e= >=GE =TH=LQK L, PEG RK >L :, Q P> E L =RHPK= =TL Q>... E= DD HPK, K V=DTLLL H>SEP, D Q >ELTDKi EQK= E K ELQEQ >P..._34

fK >EQE L, K hD>P> ELDU H >= LUD >Qi=TQE K-K RDPEPP>, L ELQ=, PD >P >>QD>, K RDPE KELDi U> K=, PE=_, QE LL> LHD=G> PDE> D_ KG>P. ME >E[ TLUDP >=DQELi, > = L >=GE >QEL>Q>= =>=G>PEP >P EL-

1280

29 BPL>;Hj D;@ ;D@ >;E=Q nekonena (AL D; HQ>@EQ PD>@ [E QE;DP@E), BG;> hD> TEELKi hD>: BUHS==. Pra4k& ;;@, 'DP, 1990.31 BG;> hD>:"9-51-9). . i: JK, P@=;PE, 'DP, 1994.32A %9) Ri iHQD[> H@ ELS.33

P#edmluva (e>[ELS), ;@: D@P "ika (e>HEL GPE=). $>@D;, 'DP, 1990.34 BG;> hD>: "; HK=, ;@: eK ELP>K;EQ>[ >Q=LQE;. eGDS, BGE, 2001."TDHQ>KEEK ">PD DRPE.


67/108

D =GHPE. BK Q L >K >=GE P>QKR-QE_ HELQ>KD, QE L LL> =E>E >>[EEQD RH K>:

, ==D hD> iH ==, ELQ=[EQV==> K. ME = > ==D RD, LK=D cEEL>HP= T> 'DE= i... P Q L E>>, L L >, >DSG= hD>=... d E= E HP>, K PD>K DP P H> DLE, HK K =>>-DPE > H>!_35

*

QV> Q K G>ES Q, HLE hD> =QE[ DPE >K K=D>G==S QHL, > BDE-L =T[[ => E= EU>KL TD=D iH, K >>,P L E E= Q> D> P>QKRQE_ H> P>. AL [ QD>LQEQ GKEL K >K P>>, =D PD KG Q> QE >=, H> E E=T H>PL. BDE G>>=PES L ,K L RDS >ELG> =D >HPDPEDELD, QE LL> KV L TLUD >S>.eL hD> E= QEL =QE =DEL=P QD >, ==D E >=P EPD K_ QD>Q. d E RDS EQ Q L E >, K hD> T= =TLT Q L [ QD >HES P-PE= (E/ L ; ;;;) K HQ> L RDPE. $L LQDE, K >PEEG=: hD> EQ LUD QE L TLUD Q> HQQi=TT, > >K, > >K DP. AKD E H> = L >HES==>

H>S =E>, K Q>=V> E >P QD>Q L RDPE=, QE K >K RGEUiHQEL LK LED>S. eL L P>>PE= S H->P: hD> L EP, K = >>QD G =QHE>L DEQ TDT= LP_, >E[ ELEP QE V>EQ.

PDELS=Q > QE LUD, >>H L TLUDHELK L =EEPK_ L= ELPPD, == = D>=P= =T-LQ-GDS E >>=L=. +K==D DQK ELD L E=DV> L >=S>, K E RDS EE > >E[ ELEPP,EE > i> >HESL, QE H>V= >K >KE >SGE>K D> QDQ= D, >K [ QE QD KDP KE=LKG>.

AL LEP > [=D \ D PE -G= >K, ==D L PD LEP >EL, L >>Q_ \ K>L LUD QE L TLUD HELQ>KE =E>SPEPD $=>SEEK eD. AL LE> >K LEP=QD DV> > Q>K, >K=

1281

35 BELQ>QE e@ B@KH>, @>HQ>, 2002. ELD 18.


68/108

PE= QELD E H=, >K== >QLQEQD[> [>[ E= >P E G-=, HK =D > D DSP>P= L= K Q>KD ELPiL L D >Q>= LG, > PD-PD HQ> >QEDV>=. A D> iH >> \ E L ==D > LUDP TLUDPH[ LEP= HEELP- DSLPK QD> HQ EL QE [EL -D. eLL> T E QE H>PD>QD, E= >K=== E>K =DEELGD E H>= S=, QE = QD=Q=PD DP>= E \ K PE


69/108

B>Q@; @@K;, ;@ >@;Y\ =Q= QE ED= hD>DS>, hD>S>

1. TDKPD D

M HEPD H> QE LKV $D QE EL ELV>=, K P HPD, K PD. P, =TK D[= L >P-DGS> >P QE =LHD $DP L GHDD QE RK =P>L: QDD, , E >G->=! Ka!0na K L> =D ELG>K>HE, = L GHDD QEEL: hKP= Pa, ED , >[ i> L Q!

$ >= QDQ= K D ELPD, = VL G=PE[ >Q-QD UK G T>TL, =SD =DP>K[, = L PEPE=TKH E Q>SEP>

H, = E=D =TT L=S> HDP=S>, >K= E QE ==

1283

Ka!0na ">H, K (1900)


70/108

Q DD E H> K=P EL[>[E. AK ELS H> hD 'E= QQ> QE >K VKTDQEL, QE EQ=Q E-E H> QE P L DS>, K >KE H> EE-EH =EEQ. ">P= RHP=, 3dnc' BG ">P= HL=.d ">P E>P D> D H>, L ">P L GED>L E GP D, =D L K= ELQEQ >K >E HLEP> EQDV>QE, K S> -D E E, QE L ">P >H [.

"KR> gD h> G L DD , T>D =L, PD >Q, QE

>EE, Q>HL> L QE =EDi >, QE =D >K, GSG ELP, QE L :

\ ALQD ETDKPDG= ETD E H >K.

1284

P ">P, K (1900)


71/108

BDP= UD >[:\ cE=K >L ETD, KEPE EELK, R L T QH>... \ =HPEED \, >QH>, K= L T EL>QDHP P> L T DK K ELP KP Q>,>P, =T>T=LESD P>> K=T[T KP=L, E RK HEEL \ ELS= HEEL QELL >E[ T>QE,>P, QD[E R>

1285

$D, L QEK (1900)


72/108

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