nanotechnology - indico · 2018. 11. 16. · nanotechnology will enter in all sectors of...
TRANSCRIPT
-
NANOTECHNOLOGY : Revolutionary Developments in Future
CERN- Academic Training Programme
Prof. Marcel Van de Voorde
University of Technology Delft
Geneva, 24 April 2014
-
Unit Value in meter 1 m (meter) ………………………………..1 m
1 cm (centimeter) 0.01 m…………… 10−2 m
1 mm (millimeter) 0.001 m …………..10−3 m
1 μm (micrometer or micron) 0.000 001 10−6 m
1 nm (nanometer) 0.000 000 001 ….10−9 m
1 pm (picometer) 0.000 000 000 001. 10−12 m
1 fm (femtometer) 0.000 000 000 000 001 10−15 m
Units and sub-units.
-
Dividing a cube into nanocubes increases a lot the total surface of the system.
-
The surface of a cube with a side of 1
cm has an area of 6 cm2.
If this cube is cut into nanocubes with
a side of 1 nm, there will be 1021
nanocubes with an area of 6 x 10-14
cm2 each. This will represent a global
area of 6,000 m2. This corresponds to
the surface area of 60 houses of
100 m2. This demonstrates the power
of surfaces at the nanoscale.
-
Particles (in red) are coated onto the surface of a material (blue). Smaller
(nano) particles provide a much better coverage than large particles
-
Properties of nanoscale building blocks which will have tremendous
consequences for nanostructured materials
-
At the nanoscale, fluids behave more like honey than water.
-
. Evolution of the physics as we go from macroscopic systems to microscopic systems
-
Different generations of products coming from nanotechnology
-
Nanomechanics
Confinement effects
Interfaces
Contact mechanics
Nanophysics
Non-linear behaviour
Computer modelling
Nano-analytical techniques
Bio-nano-engineering
Nanomechanical biodevices
Submicron attachment
Cell adhesion
Biological nanocomposites
Devices
Sensors / actuators
Nanomotors
Nanorobots
NANOMEC : WORKPACKAGES
-
Structural nanomaterials: metals, ceramics, polymers, composites
Classes of structural
nanomaterials
Metals Composites
Ceramics Coatings
Nanofoils High strength nanometal
SiO2 nanoparticle reinforced
C fibres
Polymer-clay
nanocomposites
Alumia nanocoating
on corundum Nanoceramics from organic
precursors
Ceramic particle
containing scratch
-resistant paint
Self-cleaning glass
using nanocrystalline materials
-
Area Technology Benefit
Metals
• Nano alloys
• Nano ceramics
• Multifunctional
components
• Strength / Toughness
• Corrosion Resistance
• Temperature Resistance
Surfaces
• Nano-Layers
• Coatings containing
Nanoparticles
• Corrosion Resistance
• Shielding (elec./opt.)
• Defect Signalisation
• Functional Coat (wear, dirt, bacteria..)
Composites • Polymer modification
• Nano fillers and fibres
• Robustness, self-healing
• Mechanical properties
• Conductivity
Advantageous of NanoMaterials
-
1D, 2D and 3D objects with one, two or three dimensions in the nanometer range
-
Schematic representation of a C60 molecule. It is formed of 20 hexagons and 12 pentagons.
Pentagons have no common edge.
-
Schematic picture of a closed single-wall carbon
nanotube
-
Some actual and potential applications of carbon nanotubes
-
Nanoparticles
0,1 nm 1 nm 10 nm 100 nm
Nanoparticles
1st Generation
Nanoparticles
3rd generation:
Complex hybrid
nanoparticles
Chemical
functionalization
Shell
Composite core
consisting of multiple
phases
Nanoparticles
2nd Generation
Thin films
X/NR GID (GI)SAXS/SANS
XMCDS/EXAFS
CDI
X/N Tomo
DFT
MD
FE
diffuse scattering X/ND
Modelling
Analysis
SR&N
Morphology, Shape
Surface roughness
Defects
point defects, dislocations
Interfaces, phases
Microstrain
Chemical composition
concentration gradients
Particle agglomeration
Functional coatings
Biological
functionalization
Thin Films
3rd generation:
Multifunctional films
Thin FIlms
2nd Generation
Thin FIlms
1st Generation
Magnetic Ordering
Local Structure
Synthesis
-
Top-down techniques for nanostructuring
-
NanoSynthese: Bottom – up approach
-
Difference between a top--‐down and a bottom--‐up approach.
-
Important techniques for nanopolymers – biomaterials studies in the future
-
Online monitoring of processes Local structures and structual changes Nanoinformations under operation conditions
NANOMATERIALS ENGINEERING
Challenges for synchrotron radiation and neutron facilities
Structure-function relations on the nanoscale Complex multifunctional nanomaterials Synthesis online control
DESIGN OF NEW NANOMATERIALS
Structural nanomaterials
Metals Ceramics Coatings Composites
Functional nanomaterials
Electronic, photonic, spintronic materials Superconductors Carbon materials Dielectrics Hydrides
Soft materials Bio-nanomaterials biomimetics
Polymers Functional properties Structural properties Block copolymers Nanocomposites
Inorganics / Hybrids Inorganic nanomaterials New hybrid structures
Nanocoatings
Chemical and thermal protection Failure-proof coatings Self-repairing coatings
Nanomechanical engineering
Mechanical integrity Nanocreep Nanofatigue Nanomechanics in corrosive environments
Nanocorrosion
Corrosion / Protection Stress corrosion
Nanotribology
Friction and wear at the nanoscale Lubrication Surface functionalization
Nanojoining
Functional materials Structural materials Nanocomposites
Self -repair
-
Overall description of nanotribology
-
Energy SavingHigh efficient photovoltaic cells
High Energy Storage
Solid-State Lighting
Energy harvesting
Information:Increased information storage density
Enhanced data transfer rate & security
Flexible electronics
Nanotechnology
Consumer access to
smarter devices
& systems
Safety, Security:Enhanced day & night vision
Sensors for food control& car safety
Health: Toxicology of nanoparticles
Impact on the nutrient cycle
Uncontrolled spread of GM crops
Gene mutation
Environment:Water purification
Elimination of pollutants
Reduction of CO2 emission
Health:Smart pill & drug delivery
Cancer diagnosis & Tumor localization
Remote control of body parameters
Various implants: Eye, Ear, Brain…
Flexible sensors for food control,
Bioactive packaging
Environment:Impact of nano-particles,
nanomaterials and by-products;
accumulation, transportation in water,
soil, atmosphere
Interaction with plants
Climate change
Transportation:Electric
vehicles
Nano-
composit
es
Improve
d safety
Connect
ed
vehicles
Safety, Security:Invasion of privacy
Spread of spying sensors
Nano-robotics
-
20152015 20202010
Diagnosis
& therapy
2020
-
Subjects in the "More than Moore" domain,
where nanotechnology can be involved
-
Some new memory development where
nanotechnology plays a significant role.
-
20152015 20202010
MEMSDiagnosis
2020
-
Nanophotonics encompasses several nanoscale confinements encompasses
-
Applications in nanophotonics
-
It is possible to play on several parameters to make photonic crystals with required properties
-
Possible applications of single electron transistors
-
Design & engineeringof (environmentally friendly)
materials
Theory&
simulation
New phenomenaAdvanced
Characterization
mastering Quantum phenomena
bio-inspired approaches
Safe production
Combinatorial Methods for design
Nanostructured materials engineer.
Scientific kernel
Energy research community
Synchrotron•scattering
•imaging
•dynamics
Neutron•structure
•dynamics
High
Performance
Computing
Technical/economical evaluation
pilot lines for nanomaterials and for energy systems production
Technological Research
Nano
-energ
y Ce
nter
Partnership with energy industry
Domain Theory &
simulation
Tailoring, synthesis
and processing
Materials
Solar energy Tailored electronic structure, excited states
simulation
Thin film (organic and mineral)
Biofuels C5 sugar hydrolysis2nd generation (demonstrator)
Algaefuels
Nuclear energy Multiscale modellingPropagation of
nanodefects
Nanomaterials contribution to
materials under extreme
condition (radiation,
temperature…)
Energy efficiency Modelling phenomena, Simulating complex
systems
Nanostructured materials for
Thermoelectricy, Lightning, High
Tc superconductors
Storage Modelling ageing Nanomaterials for batteries electrodes and supercapacities,
CO2 capture and
sequestration
Modelling transport
phenomena
Nanomaterials
Carbonatation of CO2
Large scale Demonstrators
Hydrogen Modelling transport phenomena and ageing
Modelling bio-systems
used for bio-production
Nanostructures and
nanomaterials for fuel cell
membranes and Storage
Bioproduction
Domains of research
for Europe in the field of
nanomaterials for Energy
-
Roadmap for thin film photovoltaics: Scientific
visions and socio-economic benefits.
-
Human – cells – molecules
m nm10 nm100 nmµm10 µm100 µmmmcmdm
Medicine Cell Biology BiochemistryLife Sciences:
humanwater
protein
cellhistoid
tissue
implants
biosensors
nanostructures
scaffolds
-
Nanotechnology Applications in Food and Agriculture
Kuzma J. Journal of Nanoparticle Research (2007) 9:165–182 Down on the Farm, 2004; Project on
Emerging Nanotechnologies: Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food Production, 2006;
Nanoforum: Nanotechnology in Food and Agriculture, 2006. Compiled by Nanowerk
-
NanoMaterials Perspectives
Technology readiness
•Nano-particle reinforced Mg-alloys (PM)
•Carbon Nanotubes for lightning strike protection
•Carbon Nanotubes for improved mechan., electr. and therm.properties (resin, adhesives)
•Nano-porous/cellular metallic materials with graded properties
•Nanofillers for PIEZO-paints, -foils and -fibers
•Conductive coatings (anti-static paints - GFRP)
•Mikroparticle-reinforced MMC
•Nano-clay CFRP for barrier/FST improvement
•Metal-Ceramic nanostructured bulk composites (MMC)
•Nano-particle Al-alloys (6XXX): Casting/Ball-milling/Cryo-milling
•RTM: deposition of nano-particles on textiles/in resin
• Improved strength resins, adhesives and coatings
2010 2015 2020
-
Smart - intelligent coatings
Property Function
Smart Materials
Property Function
Information
System
Intelligent Materials
-
Nanoparticles and nanotubes
Nanosubstances
Brain
Lung
Skin
Gut
Nose
Bone
Marrow Spleen Heart Liver Endothelium
Placental/
Foetus
Mouth
Blood
-
ACommunication
Public
Multidimensional in
Nanotechnology (NT)
Pre-assessment
R&D labs, Industry
•Problem framing
•Screening
•Determination of scientific conventions
Risk appraisal
Risk assessment:
•Hazard identification & estimation
•Exposure & vulnerability assessment
•Risk estimation
Concern assessment:
•Risk perceptions
International R&D labs
Knowledge development
Critical for nanotechnology
Applied to specific NT areas
International R&D labs
Risk reduction
Applied to specific NT areas
Risk reduction or elimination:
•Remaining hazard identification
•New risk perception
Tolerability & Acceptability judgment
Public authorities & Int. R&D labs
Risk Evaluation
•Tolerability & Acceptability
Risk Characterization
•Judgment of Seriousness
of Risk
Specific to manufactured and by-product devices
Risk management
Implementation:
•Monitoring & control
•Feedback from previous practices
Decision Making
Public authorities
Assessment sphere:
Generation of Knowledge
International R&D labs
Management Sphere:
Decision & Actions
-
New Education Syllabus for future Materials Scientist
EUROPEANNANOSCIENCE
COLLEGEfor research-focused
interdisciplinaryintersectorial
education
LiteracySoft Skills Main Expertise
Lan
guag
eLa
ngu
age
Lan
guag
e
Man
agem
ent
Man
agem
ent
Soci
al, E
thic
alA
spec
ts
Co
mp
len
tary
Dis
cip
lines
Co
mp
len
tary
Dis
cip
lines
Co
mp
. Dis
cip
lines
Res
earc
h L
ab
Res
earc
h L
ab
Res
earc
h L
ab
Ind
ust
ryIn
du
stry
SyllabusMaster Programme
Physical -orChemical -orBiological -orEngineering -
-FundamentalsofNanoScience
Fig. 2 New Education Syllabus for future Materials Scientists
FundamentalsofNanoScience
Special AspectsofNanoScience
-
Conclusions
CERN as The High Engineering and Physics Centre -------------------------------------------- Nanotechnology will enter in all sectors of engineering and physics 1.Nanotechnology is of utmost importance for accelerator engineering and experimental equipment 2. Nanotechnology may help solving the radiation damage problems: magnet coils, electronics, detectors..,
computer possibilities….. 3. Reliable and Flexible construction: e.a. vacuum chamber, …oils and greases, 4. Targeted designs – materials, components, different from shelf's availabilities…e.a. metallic materials 5. Tunnel construction. Experimental halls…………shielding's 6. Infrastructures and controls……………… most advanced electronics 7. Training of CERN staff is vital…..also the users should be prepared to work with nanomaterials and
components 8. Creation of a European nanoCentre of Excellence 9. A prosperous CERN in 2025….. without nano’s is unthinkable