naspub sara

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ARABIC-EGYPT INTERJECTION

1 Introduction

1 Background

Human being is a social being that cannot live alone without helps

from others. Thus, they will always connect and interact with each other. Oneway used as an interaction tool by human is language. They also use

language incredibly creative. By using one word, they can eectively deliver

what they feel. One word can represent several meanings, but several words

can represent one meaning otherwise, and one word can represent the

speaker’s epression and feeling. !urthermore, words epressing speaker’s

feeling are called inter"ection #$haer, %&&'( )**+.ier-bicka #%&&%( )&+ says that inter"ection is a linguistic sign

epressing the speakers’ mental states that #%+ can be used by them, #)+

epresses particular meaning, #*+ does not include other signs #with

particular meaning+, that is not a homophone with other leical elements

considered semantically related, and #/+ refers to the speakers’ mental

states or action when the word is stated. 0t is not only translated leically,

but also its meaning and function will highly depend on where, when, to

whom, and what situation it is used. To understand the meaning of an

inter"ection and how its usage, contetual analysis of the inter"ection isre1uired #Heidah, )%)( *+.

There has been limited research on 2rabic inter"ection. The previous

researches regarding 2rabic inter"ection have been conducted by 3asution

#)4+ eplaining one form of inter"ections( nida’ word and Hasanah #)%*+

eplaining eclamation sentence in 2rabic. Both of those researches give

results that in 2rabic eclamation sentence is categori-ed into two types(

qiyasi eclamation sentence and mut}laq eclamation sentence, in which

each sentence only has several forms. Therefore, conducting a research on

inter"ection theory, particularly developing theory stated that 2rabic

inter"ection is limited to particular patterns and forms will be interesting and

important. 5oreover, this research will formulate inter"ection forms and

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discuss clari6cation of inter"ection having one meaning and function and

inter"ection having multiple meanings in 2rabic, particularly 2rabic used

more comprehensively by 7gyptians.

2 Literature Revieier-bicka #%&&%( )&+ de6nes inter"ection as a linguistic sign that can

stand by itself when being used, epress particular meaning, is not

categori-ed into other signs, is not a homophone with other leical elements

considered semantically related, and is speaker’s spontaneous mental action

or statement.

2meka #%&&'(8*'+ divided inter"ection forms into two forms( primary

and secondary inter"ections. hile, ier-bicka argues only primary

inter"ection eists. He argues that secondary inter"ection is not an

inter"ection because it has leical function and semantic independence.

hereas, ilkin #)&( 8*+ sees inter"ection forms more completely by

dividing inter"ection forms into primary, secondary, phrase, and clause. 0n

this research, author uses inter"ection forms stated by ilkins #)&+

because it is more relevant to research data of 2rabic inter"ection.

5oreover, ier-bicka #%&&%( )&)9**4+ classi6ed inter"ection into three

classes( volitive, emotive, and cognitive inter"ections. :olitive inter"ection is

an inter"ection referred to the speaker’s opponent #recipient+. 7motive

inter"ection relates to speaker’s mental state. 2nd cognitive inter"ection

relates to what speaker thinks of. This classi6cation used by ier-bicka is

determined by meanings referred by the speaker in delivering the

inter"ection.

;anguage as a communication tool has several functions.


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>oman in harton #)&( &=+ conducted a research regarding

inter"ection using pragmatic approach. He employed antonym approach

through contet within an utterance. The contet, afterwards, will determine

the meaning and function of inter"ection. ;evinson #%&=*( /+ argued that

contet was an understood term covering partisipant’s identity, parameter of

space and time in utterance condition, belief, knowledge, and partisipant’s

meaning in utterance condition.

! Re"earc# $et#od"

For data gathering method, author employed listening method, by listening to the use of

Arabic in several data sources such as drama script, shor story, and novel published in Egypt.

Afterwards, author employed a basic technique, marking technique. This technique was

employed by reading the data then gave marks on interjection data by using red ink pen. The

other technique employed was taking notes. Author noted all the use of interjection, and then

made orthographic transcript from data card.

Afterwards, all the gathered data was analyed to obtain the e!pected pictures.

"istribution method was used to answer the first research question. This method was employed

to determined the data, whether it was categoried as interjection or not. Another technique

employed was omitting technique. Author employed this technique to prove level of core of

interjection in a sentence. #onte!tual method, also, was employed to answer the second and thirdresearch questions regarding interjection classification including the meaning meant by the

speaker and determining functions of interjection.

2 Interjection Forms of Arabic-Egypt

0n general, in ter"ection in 2rabic97gypt can be categori-ed at least into

four forms( primary, secondary, phrase, and clause forms.

2.1 Primary Interjection

?rimary inter"ection is short words that can be non9elliptical, free, and

is not categori-ed into other classes #2meka, %&&'( 8'*+. 2lso, it relates to

grammatical meaning but does not have leical meaning. 0f it is used in a

sentence, it will show the meaning of it. There are several primary

inter"ections in 2rabic97gypt found by author( ha>, hyah, hah, ya>h, dan

hu>h, see the data below.

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#%+ /Abu S}afwan : Satara> minni> ma> yasiruka, in sya> alla>h/ /‘Iba>d : Ha>>! Hum al-mus}alu>na qad bada’u>

yakhruju>na, tufarriqu> al-a>na qali>lan summatah}luqu> !> as}-s}a" al-awwali/

#B@kaAr, %&/%( 8'+0n data #%+ ha is primary inter"ection. 0t does not have leical meaning, but

if it is used in a sentence, it will show its meaning. This inter"ection in contet

of data #%+ shows the surprised feeling uttered by 0bad.

2.2 Secondary Interjection

$hile secondary interjection in Arabic consists of kalimah %word&. 'oreover, words used

as Arabic(Egypt interjction are ism, including mausuf %noun, a word that can be described by

adjective& and sifah %adjective&, ismu al-fi’li %verb&, and harfu an-nida’i %nida’ particle&.

2%2%1 Al-Maus}uf (Noun

Al- maus}uf is a word rererring to a substance or essential of thing and

it can be described by ad"ective #al9>hulaCyaini, )%(&8, 2d9DahEdahE,

%&&*(**=+. 0n this research, inter"ections categori-ed as al-maus}uf are

h}ima>run, khin#i>r, and kalbun. Below is the eplanantion concerning

secondary inter"ection of al-maus}uf .

$%& /'at}imah : laqad suriqa nuqu>di> ya> abi>/

/Huraiq :H{ima>run! (a> yasriqu an-nuqu>da illa> insa>nun)hairu ‘a>qilin/

#2n93a"aCr, )%'(88+

0n data #)+ word Fhima>run’ #means donkey+ is the secondary

inter"ection, a noun class, in the form of al-maus}uf noun, and it is used as

an abusive word epressing the speaker’s anger. Hima>run word is

indeterminate noun #nakirah+ because it is marked by tanwin and dammah

#vocal GuG+ in the last sentence. Hima>run is considered as inter"ection

because it does not have lecical meaning from the word itself, but it has a

function as an epression of irritating feeling.

2.2.2 As}-s}ifah (Adjecti!e

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As}-s}ifah is a word containing characteristic meaningGad"ective %al9

>hulaCyaini, )%(&8, 2d9DahEdahE, %&&*(**=+. 0nter"ections of as}-s}ifah

found by author are t}ayyi>bun, h}asanun, ‘aji>bun, majnu>n, ‘a#}i>mun,

miski>nun, la’natun, jami>lun, s}ah}i>hun, tama>mun, mabru>kun,

khairu>n, khabi>sun, mal’ ūnatun, kha>inun, and h}amqa>’u. The data of

this inter"ection is below.

$*&2r9ra"ulu : (am la+ innahum yas’alu>na al-mah}ku>m ‘alaihi bi al ida>mi ‘an ra)hbatihi al-akhi>rati/

/Al-mar’atu : Majnu>nun!/

$ 5ahfuC-E, )=(&*+

ord Fmajnu>nun’ #means Fcra-y’+ is a secondary inter"ection because

it is categori-ed as ad"ective and used as an abusive word epressing thespeaker’s anger. 0nter"ection of majnu>nun is s}}ifah mufrad, in the form of

ismu al-maf’ul #patient noun+, in which s}}ifah is obtained from !’il majhul

#passive verb+ to show an action of an event #hudus+, not a continous event,

described by ad"ective #al9>hulaCyainiC, %&8)(%=&+. ord Fmajnu>nun’ is

from verb F janna’ #means become dark+, turned into passive verb

Fmujnanun’, and then becomes ismu al-maf’ul as Fmajnu>nun’.

2.2." Ismu Al- ’li

Ismu al- !’li is a word showing a thing showed by !’il, but ismu al- !’li

cannot receive signs of !’I #al9>hulaCyaini, )%(&8+. Iometimes, ismu al-

!’li has a meaning of al-!’lu al-mad}i> #perfect verb+, al-!’lu al-mud}ari’

#imperfect verb+, or !’lu al-amr #imperative verb+. 0nter"ections of ismu al-

!’li found by author are way, a>mi>n, s}ah, mah, a>h, u"n, wa>, i>h, and

hayya. Iee the data below.

$&/Abu S}afwan : 'awa>d}ah}u annahu ka>na ya’ni>

rajulan min al-‘ulama>’i yaqdiru an yaksyifa linna>si jahluka/

/.uh}a> : Way! a’annahum ja>’u> bika ila> huna> litaksyifalinna>sil jahli>/

#B@kaAr, %&/%( %'+

/


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0n data #'+ word Fwai’ is secondary inter"ection. 0s is in the form of ismu

al- !’li because a noun with al-!’il al-mudhari’ meaning Fata’ajjabu’ #means 0

am ama-ed+.

2.2.# Partic$e of Nida´ (Harfu An-Nida>’i)

Harfu an-nida>’ is a particle used to call or make attention to a person

or group, thus the person or group will pay attention the the speaker

#memperhatikannya 2l9>hulaCyainiC, )%(%&+. There are seven harfu an-

nida>’ having a function as inter"ection( a, ay, ya>, a>, aya>, haya>, and

waC. Iee the data below.

$0& /Ay 1aladi>, la> taksal G

#Ja’1uCb, %&&4(%%+

$2& /A ha>lidu, ajib/

#Ja’1uCb, %&&4()+

0n data #/+ and #4+ particle F Ay ’ #means hey+ and F A’ #means hey+ are

particles used as inter"ection of call in 2rabic, used to call close persons.

2%! P#ra"e Inter&ection

#ommonly phrase interjections used by native Arab are three interjections) murakkab

id ḍa>!y, murakkab wa s ḍ!y and preposition phrase # jar majru>r +. The

eplanation concerning this inter"ection is below.

2"Mura##a$ Iḍ a>y (%eniti!e &onstruction

3urakkab Id ḍa>!y is de6ned as a word arranged from mud}af

#governing word+ and mud}af ilaih % governed of a genitive construction& %2l9

>ulaCyaini, *++)-&. nterjections of murakkab Id ḍa>!y found by author are ra/su

al-fasadi, syaikhu as-su>/I, qali>lu al-h}aya>/i, bintu al-lu`u>m, rabbus as-

sama>wa>ti, ma’a>#}alla>h, )hairu ma’qu>lin, qabbah}u ar-rajuli, andbi’sa al-fa>l. The data below is one of the inter"ections.

$4& /Ar-rajulu : atarisyu>ni> ya> rajulun murtakiban bi#alika jari>matinsa>lisatin+/

/Al-fata>tun : Ma’a>%&alla>h walakinnani> a’da> haqqa ad-daulati ‘alayya/

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#5ahEfuC-K, )%'(/*+

3a’a>#alla>h in data #8+ is a phrase inter"ection with id ḍāfiy pattern. $ord

0ma’a>#a #means protection+ functions as mu5āf #core element+ and F2llah’

functions as mu5āf ilaih #modi6er+. 0n data #4+ word Fma’a>#alla>h’ #means

2llah’s protection+ epresses suprising epression.

2.".2 Mura##a$ Wa'f ī y

3urakkab 1a6f ī y is de6ned as a structure of word arranged from two

nouns. The 6rst noun eplains the second noun. 2lso the 6rst noun is called

by dengan maus}uf #1uali6ed nounGdescribed noun+ and the second noun is

called by sifah #ad"ective+ %2l9>ulaCyaini, *++)-&. nterjections of murakkab

wa6f ī y found by author are hayawa>nun majnu>nun and )hada>run

kha>inun. 1elow is the data of interjection of 3urakkab Id ḍa>!y7

$8&/Sya>dan : 9alaba minni> an ‘asaluka bimiliyu>nidu>laran/

/Sa>lim : haya(a>nun majnu>nun! hal nasi>ta/

#2n93a"aCr, )%'('/+

H ayawa>nun majnu>nun in data #=+ is a phrase inter"ection with

murakkab was!y pattern. ord Fhayawa>nun’ #means animal+ functions as

maus}uf #quali!;d nnun’ #means cra-y+ functions assifah #ad"ective+. Ituructure Fhayawa>nun majnu>nun’ #means right animal+

contains two nouns. The second noun Fmajnu>nun’ #means right+ is an

ad"ective of a noun Lowed by Fhayawa>nun’ #means animal+. FHayawa>nun

majnu>nun’ #means right animal+ is a phrase inter"ection showing the

speaker’s irritating feeling.

2."." Prepositiona$ P'rase ( ar Majru>r

?repositional phrase is a phrase preceded by preposition. 0n 2rabic,

preposition is all harf al-jar and some #araf functioning as noun. 0nter"ections

of prepositional phrase found by author are walla>hi, billa>hi, talla>hi, ma’a

as-sala>mati, and bi i#nilla>hi7 Below is the data of the inter"ection.

$=& /mmu Ha>#im : ?ahtaju qadaruha> ‘asyratumala>yi>na junaih liha}@i ‘uru>sika/

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/Sa>lim : Walla>hi! ha#}a> isra>fun kabi>run ya> ummi>/

#2n93a"aCr, )%'()%+

1alla>hi in data #&+ is an inter"ection of prepositional phrase. ?article

Fwa’ #means for the something sake+ functions as preposition #harful jar + andword F Alla>h’ #ism alam+ 6nctions as majru>r . F1alla>hi’ #means for the >od

sake+ is an inter"ection of prepositional phrase showing the speaker’s

surprising feeling.

2.".# &onstruction of partic$e of Nida (Nida and Noun of Munada

$onstruction of nida is a combination of nida word and munanda noun.

FHarfu an-nida>’ is a particle used to call or make attention to a person or

group, thus the person or group will pay attention the the speaker #2l9

>hulaCyainiC, )%()%%+. 5oreover, munanda is a noun after harfu an-

nida>’7 2uthor found some data of inter"ection with construction of nida( ya

Alla>h, ya> rabb, ya> ila>hi, ya> sala>m, ya rahman, ya rahi>m, ya

lat}i>f, and ya hayyu ya qayyu>m7 5ore complete data is below.

$B& /As-syaikh : (a> ba’sa7 ullu an-nisa>’i yatawajja’naasna>a al-wila>dati7 1a la> tansa anna ha#ihi hiyawila>datuha> al-bikr/

/Asy-sya>b : *a> Alla>h+ yanba)hi> an a’u>du ilaiha>/

#Ia’iCd, )'(4/+

FCa Allah’ in data &%+ is an inter"ection with construction of nida’ .

ord F ya’ #means Oh+ as nida are combined with word F Allah’ as noun of

munada. 0n data #%+ word FCa> Alla>h is a secondary inter"ection epressing

sad feeling because of regretting something happening.

2%' C(au"e Inter&ection

0n 2rabic, inter"ection also can consists of arranged words forming

clauses # jumlah+, either jumlah ismiyyah or jumlah !’liyyah.

2.#.1 umlah Ismiyyah

.umlah ismiyyah is de6ned as a clause that is preceded by ism #noun+

#al9Mhuli, %&=)( %='+. 0nter"ections of jumlah ismiyyah found by author are

Alla>hu a’lamu, Alla>hu ma’aki, Alla>hu akbar, Alh}amdu lilla>hi,

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la’natulla>hi ‘alaika, 1ailaka, 1aihaka dan 1a#an ma> af’ala $ma7 asyadda,

ma> ahla>, ma> a’#}ama, ma> ab’asa, ma7 asqala, ma> arhafa, ma7

a#}rafa, ma> ab’ada, and ma> alt}afa&7 Below is the data obtained

concerning inter"ection of jumlah ismiyyah.

$& /Ha>#im : ri>du an at}mainna ‘alaika ya> jaddi>/

/Al-jaddu : Alhamdulilla>h ‘ala> kulli h}a>l/

#2n93a"aCr, )%'()/+

ord Falhamdulilla>h’ in data #%%+ is a clause inter"ection. ord

Falhamdu’ is a noun #ism+ as mubtada #reali-ation of sub"ect+. The verb in

this clause is Fkhabar ’ as jar majru>r #prepositional phrase+ because it

consists of Flam’ as preposition # jar + and F Alla>h’ #ism alam+ as majru>r .

0nter"ection of Falhamdulilla>h #means all praise for 2llah+ is an inter"ection

shows speaker’s glad and relief epression.

2.#.2 umlah ,i’liyyah

.umlah !’liyyah is a clause, in which its sub"ect is preceded by verb #al9

Mhuli, %&=)( %='+. Data concerning inter"ection of jumlah !’liyyah found by

author are asta)h!rulla>h, in sya>’alla>hu, ba>raka alla>hu,

ja#a>kalla>hu, syafa>kalla>hu, tawakkaltu ‘ala> alla>hi,istauda’akumulla>hi, yarh}amuhulla>h, nahmadu alla>ha, and

a’u>#ubilla>hi7 Below is the data of jumlah !’liyyah.

$%& /mmu Ha>#im : 9ura>77Hal ah}babtaha7 Di’ainikaam biqalbika/

/Ha>#im : Di’aini, wa qalbi,> wa ‘aqli>/ /mmu Ha>#im : syafa>#alla>h ya> walidi>/

%12ka 3r, -4) 54&A

ord Fsyafakalla>h’ #means hope 2llah will heal your sickness+ in data#%)+ is inter"ection of jumlah !’liyyah. ord Fsyafa>’ is !’il madhi #perfect

verb for the third man pronoun+. 2nd word Fka’ #the second man pronoun+ is

functioned as maf’ul #ob"ect+. Here, word F Allah’ is an ism fa’il #agent+. 0n

data #%)+ inter"ection of syafakalla>h #means hope 2llah will heal your

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sickness+ is one of clause inter"ections in the jumlah !’liyyah form showing

the speaker’s surprising epression.

". Arabic Interjection &$assication

0n 2rabic, inter"ection is classi6ed into three classes( volitive, emotive,

and cognitive inter"ections. :olitive inter"ection is inter"ection referred to the

speaker’s partner, emotive inter"ection relates to the speaker’s feeling, and

cognitive inter"ection relates to what speaker thinks of #ier-bicka, %&&%(

)&)9**4+.

".1 )o$iti!e Interjection

:olitive inter"ection in 2rabic is categori-ed into 6ve partsN each of

them has a meaning of %+ 0 want you to pay attention to me, )+ 0 want you to

listen to me, *+ 0 want you to follow me, '+ 0 want you to be careful, and /+ 0

want it happens. The language functions of volitive inter"ection are conative

and phatic functions. The eplanation concerning this inter"ection is

presented as follows.

".1.1 I *ant +ou to Pay Attention to ,e

Based on the data gathered by author, 2rabic volitive inter"ections

containing the meaning of F0 want you to pay attention to me’ are s}s}y and

s}ah. :olitive inter"ection having the meaning of F0 want you to pay attentionto me’ is as following.

$*& /.uh}a> : (a> akhafu ya> 3aimunah illa> min lisa>niummika/ /3aimunah : }s}ys}s}y/ /.uh>a> : Ca Sitta>run astir/

#BaCkasKiCr, %&/%(*)+

0nter"ection of s}s}y77s}s}y is one of volitive inter"ections having the

meaning of F0 want you to pay attention to me’. 0n data #%*+ it appeared

when


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her father to be silent and pay attention to her. 5aimunah was afraid her

mother would be angrier if she heard their conversation. Therefore, language

function of inter"ection of s}s}y77s}s}y here is conative function because this

inter"ection is used by 5aimunah inctructing her father to be silent and pay

attention to her.

".1.2 I *ant +ou to isten and Pay Attention to ,e

0n 2rabic, volitive inter"ection having a meaning of F0 want you to listen

to me’ has two forms categori-ed as secondary inter"ection of particle of

nida>’ and clause inter"ection of Fassala>mu’alaiku’. Here is the data of

volitive inter"ection having a meaning of F0 want you to linsten to me’.

$& /Ay 1aladi>, la> taksal/

#Ja’1uCb, %&&4(%%+

0n data #%'+ particle F Ay ’ #means oh+ is a particle used as inter"ection of

call in 2rabic and used to call persons near the speaker. Here, F Ay C’ #means

oh+ is used to call his son near him and instruct him to not be a la-ybone.

The language function of inter"ection of particle here is a conative function

because a form of eclamations is used to call someone and attract person’s

attention, thus they will hear the speaker.

".1." I *ant +ou to Fo$$o ,e

Based on data found by author, in 2rabic inter"ection, volitive

inter"ection containing a meaning of F0 want you to follow me’ is hayya>.

Below is the data of volitive inter"ection having the meaning of F0 want you to

follow me’.

$0& /Ead}wa> : (a> lan atrukuka wah}daka sausya>rikuka ru’yatama> !>

da>khili ha#ihi al-kartu>nah/ /.ala>l : Hayya>hayya> bisur’atin ya> Ead}wa>/

#2n93a"aCr, )%'(%'+

0n data #/+ word hayya> becomes the secondary inter"ection having

form of ismu al’!’li. This inter"ection appeared when


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to 1uickly open the bo. 2t 6rst, mati and

tus}h}ibuka as-ssalamatu. Here is the data of volitive inter"ection having a

meaning of F0 want you to be careful’.

$2& /Sa’i>d : Hal ma’aka nuqu>dun tak!>+/ /ari>m: ?a’am, it}maFin ya> Akhi> la> taqlaqu/ /Sa’i>d : .us}h}i$u#a as-sala>mai ya> Akhi>, alqa>ka ‘ala>

khairin/

#PiCdan, )%*(%*+

9us}h}ibuka as-ssalamatu means Fmay 2llah protects you’. 0n data #%4+

a clause inter"ection of jumlah ismiyyah has the function to keep the

communication between the speaker and speaker’s partner. 0nter"ection of

tus}h}ibuka as-ssalamatu appeared when Ia’iCd would be parting with

MariCm in airport. 2t 6rst, Ia’iCd was worried about money that MariCm had

during his trip. Then, MariCm said that he had enough money and was ready

to go. 2fterwards, Ia’iCd said tus}h}ibuka as-ssalamatu as an epression

that he wanted MariCm to be careful and be safe. The language functions

containing in this inter"ection are conative and phatic functions. Besides as

inter"ection to inLuence others to be careful and be safe, it is used to end thecommunication, in which a farewell as well.

".1.0 I *ant It appens

%)


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Based on data obtained by author, volitive inter"ections containing the

meaning of F0 want it happens’ are bi i#billa>h, insya>Alla>h, a>mi>n, and

ya Eabb. Here is the data of volitive inter"ection found during the research.

$4& GDuktuCr FaCdil ( arju an tanjah}u/

/Ca>ra ( 0i’i%&nilla>h /

#2n93a"aCr, )%'(4/+

Di i#billa>h in data #%8+ is a prepositional phrase inter"ection.

0nter"ection bi i#billa>h #means with 2llah’s permission+ appeared when

DukturCr ’aCdil said to JaCra that he wanted to be success in his study. 0n

response to DuktuCr FaCdil, JaCra said bi i#billa>h as an epression that he

wanted DuktuCr FaCdil success in achieving his goal. The language function

containing in this inter"ection is conative function because JaCra wished

2llah will grant DuktuCr FaCdil’s goal.

".2 Emoti!e Interjection

0n this research, author found emotive inter"ection is categori-ed into

%) meanings, including inter"ection of happiness, ama-ed, astonished, anger,

disappointment, surprised, hurt, afraid, regret, relief, and disbelief

epressions. The language function of this inter"ection is epressive or

emotive function emphasi-ing on delivering the message, in which to

epress the speaker’s feeling. !urther eplanation concerning emotive

inter"ection is presented as follows.

".2.1 appiness Epression

0n 2rabic, inter"ections epressing happiness are alhamdulilla>hi,

mabru>k, ba>rakalla>h, ahla>n, ya> sala>m dan bifad}lillla>h, and ya>

wa’di>. The data of inter"ection epressing happiness is below.

#%=+ /'a>tan : ?aj’alu fatratalkhat}u>bati t}awi>lah likay na’rifuhu jayyidan/

/Al-mmu : Alh}amdulilla>h+ alh}amdulilla>h77t}awi>lah77qas}i>rah77almuhimmu annakiqabiltii’ndama> ya’ti> Aiman nattaqif ‘ala> mi>’adilkhat}u>bati/

%*


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#Ja’1uCb, %&&4(%/+

0nter"ection of alhamdulilla>h having a meaning of Fall praise for 2llah’

in data #%=+ is a clause inter"ection with jumlah ismiyyah, epressing the

speaker’s happiness. 0n data #%=+ this inter"ection appeared when !aCtanand her mother was talking concerning marriage proposal. !aCtan, in the

beginning, did not like the man proposing to her, but 6nally she decided that

she would accept his proposal under one conditionN she needed more time to

be able to know the man more. Hearing !aCtan words, her mother felt very

happy and spontaneously said alhamdulilla>h as her happiness epression.

!or her mother, short or long time does not matter if eventually !aCtan will

accept the proposal.

".2.2 Ama3ed Epression

0n 2rabic97gypt, inter"ections epressing ama-ed feeling are ,‘a#}i>m,

jami>l, aji>b, ma>sya>alla>h, mumta>#, pola ma af’ala #ma> ajmala, ma>

ahsana, ma alt}afa, ma amhara, etc+ and af’il bihi #ajmil bihi, ahsin bihi, etc+.

Below is the data showing inter"ection of ama-ed epression.

#%&+ /Sya>dan : Al-muhimmu anta bikhairin, wa s}ih}atuki jayyidatun,wa ha#a> yak!> jiddan, ma> damat bi ‘a>!yatin

yumkinuka ta’wi>d}u ay khasa>ratin, tahu>nu kullakhasa>ratun illa an takhsara di>naka au ‘a>!yataka/

/Hasa>n : ma> sya>alla>h, aina ta’allamta ha#ihi al-!lsafataal-jayyidata, ha#a> kala>mun jadi>dun ‘alayya ya>Sya>dan/

#3a""aCr, )'(%'+

0nter"ection of ma> sya>Fa alla>h having meaning of Fthings 2llah

intends’ in data #%&+ is a clause inter"ection with jumlah ismiyyah epressing

the speaker’s ama-ed feeling. This event caused the inter"ection appeared.

HasaCn was telling his wife that he "ust lost hundreds million on his

business. Hearing the story, IyaCdan comforted and said that the most

important thing was her husband’s condition. 2s long as he is healthy, he has

chances to compensate the loss, and all the loss is nothing but loss in our

%'


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faith and health. HasaCn was ama-ed with his wife’s answer and said ma>

sya>Fa alla>h as an ama-ed epression to his wife’s words. 2ma-ed feeling

is seen from Hasan’s word after inter"ection is said, in which the words said

by her wife are very beautiful.

".2." Interjection of Astonis'ed Epression

0n 2rabic97gypt, inter"ections showing astonished epression are way,

aGh, ya> sala>m, aji>b, and subh}analla>h. The data showing astonished

epression is presented as follows.

#)+ /'a>tan : Aqs}idu77annahu laisa baini> wa bainahu ayyuma’rifatin/

/Al-mm : u$h}analla>hqulti a’rifuhu77wal’a>n taqu>li>nalaisa huna>ka bainakum ayyu ma’rifatin77qu>li> al-haqi>qah ya> 'a>tan77ha#a ar-rajulu qas}duhusyari>fun77ata> liyakhtibuki/

#Ja’1uCb, %&&4(%*+

Subh}analla>h meaning F2llah, the holiest’ in data #)+ is a phrase

inter"ection with murakkab id}a>!y . n this data, the interjection appeared when Fa6tan

said that they had not known each other. 7earing Fa6tan words, her mother felt astonished and

said subh}analla>h to epress her astonishing feeling. Her mother’s

astonishing feeling emerged because previously !aCtan said that they ever

knew each other, but suddenly, on that day, !aCtan said that they had not

known each other.

".2.# Anger Epression

0n 2rabic97gypt, inter"ections epressing anger feeling can be primary

inter"ections, such as hah, u>h, hayyah, and hu>hN secondary inter"ection,

such as hima>run, khin#i>r, kalbun, and uunN phrase inter"ection, such as

ra/su al-fasadi, syaikhu as-su>/I, qali>lu al-h}aya>/i, bintu al-lu`u>m,

qabbah}u ar-rajuli, and bi’sa al-fa>lN and clause inter"ection, such as

a’u>#ubilla>hi, la’natulla>hi ‘alaika, ma>sya>alla>h, wailaka, waihaka, dan

khayyabakallahu. The data of inter"ection showing anger feeling is

presented below.

%/


16/25

#)%+ /mmul husni : Ha#ihi ‘a>qibatu t}u>li lisa>nika/ /.uh}a> : 1>h+ ma>#a> ‘inda al-wa>’i#}i )hairu

t}uli al-lisa>ni/

#B@kaAr, %&/%( ))+

>h is one form of primary inter"ections showing the speaker’s anger.

This inter"ection appeared when husni, his wife,

because


17/25

".2.4 5isappointment Epression

hile inter"ection used to epress disappointment in 2rabic97gypt is

ya>h. Here is the data of inter"ection showing disappointment.

$%*& /At-t}abi>b : Innani> a’malu yaumaini !> al-yaumi al-wa>h}idi/ /Al-fata> : *a>h! 3a’an najah/

#2n93a"aCr, )%'(84+

0n data #)*+ ya>h becomes primary inter"ection because it shows the

speaker’s disappointment. 2 young man accidentally met his friend working

as physician. 7nthusiastically, he asked his friend when they could meet up

again. His friend said that he has two work shifts in a day, eplaining that he

is very busy. 2fter hearing that, he felt disappointed and then primaryinter"ection appeared, showing the young man’s disappointment.

".2.6 Interjection of Surprised Epression

0n 2rabic97gypt, inter"ections used for showing surprised epression are

a>h, wai, walla>hi, hah, ya> lil’aji>b, and subh>analla>h7 The data

obtained by author concerning this inter"ection is below.

#)'+ /?abi>lah: ?abi>l77ta’a>la Ca> ?abi>l/ /?abi>l: A>hA>h77ma> ha#a> ma> ha#a>+/

#Ja’1uCb, %&&4( 8+

A>h as primary inter"ection besides shows sadness, it shows surprised

epression as well. 2n event triggered this inter"ection is when 3abilah saw a

strange thing on the ground she dug, then she called her brother to see it.

Ieeing the the thing, 3abil was surprised and said a>h as inter"ection

because the thing he saw.

".2.7 Interjection of urt epression

0n 2rabic97gypt, inter"ections epressing hurt feeling are particle Fwa>’

and inter"ection Fa>h’. Here is the data of inter"ection showing hurt feeling.

$%0& /ari>m : Ah raFsi> (aqadi in qasama nis}faini7 EaFsi/ /‘AGdil : Ad-damu )a#i>run7 3a>#a> af’alu+/

#PiCdan, )%*(/%+

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0n data #)/+, word Fa>h’ is secondary inter"ection with ismu al-!’li form

because it is a noun but has imperfect verb of ata’ajjabu #means 0 am hurt+.

The event is begun when F2Rdil unintentionally dropped a board he was

holding on MariCm’s head. Thus, spontaneously MariCm uttered a>h as

inter"ection for his pain. The pain he felt is written on the sentence he said

afterwards, eplaining that as if his head was split into two.

".2.8Afraid Epression

0nter"ections epressing afraid feeling in 2rabic97gypt are Alla>humma

alt}if bi’abdika and a’u>d#ubilla>hi. Below is the data of inter"ections

showing afraid feeling.

$%2& /mmu al-h}usni : 1alla>hi liyaFti>na al-jara>da ‘ala> #ira’ikawa

lita@isna kama> a@asta min qabli>/ /.uh}a> : A’u>%&u$illa>hi min syarri lisa>nika/

Qmmu al9>hEusni ( SDemi 2llah belalang akan kembali kepertanianmu dan engkau akan bangkrutseperti yang sudah ter"adiS

d#ubilla>hi meaning F0 ask 2llah’s protection’ in data #)4+ is an

inter"ection with jumlah !’liyyah stating the speaker’s afraid feeling. 0n data

#84+, the inter"ection appeared while Qmmu al9>husEni said that

grasshoppers will come if hi to show his fear. This fear

feeling that he felt appeared because up until now what his wife said usually

come true. 5oreover, he still worries about the eperiences happening some

years ago.

".2.1< =egret Epression

0n 2rabic97gypt, inter"ection epressing regret is asta)!rulla>h. Below,

is the data showing regret feeling.

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$%4& /Hasan : 1arada ‘an Abi> Hurairata anna Easu>lulla>hJa>la 1alla>hi la> yuFminu, 1alla>hi la> yuFminu,1alla>hi la> yuFminu7 Ja>lu> : 1ama> #a>ka ya>

Easu>lalla>h+ Ja>la : Al ja>ru la yaFmanu ja>ruhu7 Hal fahimta ya>bunayya+/ /ari>m : Asa4rulla>h+ Asa4rulla>h7 am akht}aFtu

!> h}aqqi ji>rani>/

#PiCdan, )%*(48+

Asta)!rulla>h meaning F0 ask 2llah’s mercy’ is a clause inter"ection of

jumlah !’liyyah. 0n data #)8+, the inter"ection appeared when a teacher

warned his student because the student made some noise distrubbing his

neighbor. The teacher told a hadist stated that a 5oslem is not faithful if he

cannot make his neighbor feel comfort. 2fter hearing the advice from his

teacher, MariCm regretted his act and spontaneously uttered asta)!rulla>h.

The regret feeling is epressed by MariCm utterance along with an

inter"ection stated that he was wrong by not ful6lling his neighbour’s right for

getting comfortable.

".2.11 =e$ief Epression

0n 2rabic97gypt, inter"ection epressiong relief feeling is

alhamdulilla>h. 2nd below is the data showing relief epression.

$%8& /9}abi>bun : 9afad}d}al, laisat ladaika ayyi amra>d}in !> al-kibdi/ /Al-mari>d}u : Alhamdulilla>H/

#PiCdan, )%*(%+

Alhamdulila>h meaning Fall praise for 2llah’ is a clause inter"ectionwith jumlah ismiyyah showing the speaker’s relief feeling. 0n data #)=+, this

inter"ection appeared when a patient saw his doctor and consulted his liver’s

U9ray result. His doctor said that his liver was 6ne. 2nd after hearing the

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eplanation, the patient felt relief and spontaneously uttered alhamdulilla>h

as the inter"ection of his relief.

".2.12 Interjection for 5isbe$ief

0nter"ections show disbelief epressions are a>h and )airu ma’qu>lin7

Below is the data showing the inter"ection for disbelief.

$%=& /mmul husni : habari>nani> ya> Ibnata .uha> mimantad}h}aki>na+ min akhi>ka am minni>+/

/3aimunah : 3inkuma> ma’an/ /mmul husni : A>h+ min akhika/

#B@kaAr, %&/%( /*+

0n data #)&+, a>h shows the speaker’s surprised feeling. A>h appeared

when Qmmul >husni asked her daughter, 5aimunah, concerning the news

making her happy, whether the news was from herself or her brother. Then,

5aimunah answered her mother’s 1uestion by saying it was from both of

them. Qmmul >husni did not believe 5aimunah’s answer, and then

inter"ection Fa>h’ appeared as the disbelief feeling felt by Qmmul >husni

towards her daughter. The speaker’s disbelief feeling is signed by the

sentence appearing after the inter"ection, when Qmmul >husni kept denyingthat news making 5aimunah happy was from her brother not from

5aimunah.

"." &ogniti!e Interjection

0n 2rabic97gypt, cognitive inter"ections are categori-ed into three

classes( emphasis inter"ection, inter"ection for starting a conversation, and

agreement inter"ection. The language functions containing in these

inter"ection classes are conative and phatic functions. The eplanation

concerning cognitive inter"ection is presented as follows.

".".1 Emp'asis Interjection

0nter"ections having emphasis meaning found in this research are

walla>hi>, billa>hi, dan talla>hi7 5oreover, the language function containing

in this inter"ection is conative function because this inter"ection inLuences

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the speaker’s partner to believe what speaker says. Below is the data of

cognitive inter"ection with emphasis meaning.

$*B& /Al-mmu Sa>rah : Hisyam sya>bun yastah}iqqu kulla khairin/ /Kuktu>r ‘AGdi>l : Walla>hi laula> anna Hisya>m min anjabi

tala>mi>#i> ma> #aujatuhu bijauharti> al-)haliyati ya>ra/

#3a""aCr, )'( ''+

0nter"ection Fwalla>hi’ meaning Ffor the 2llah’s sake’ is a prepositional

phrase inter"ection, where in contet above it shows an emphasis on

sentence uttered by the speaker. The event making this inter"ection

appeared is when 2l9Qmmu IaCrah was talking to her husband concerning

their future son in law, Hisyam. Ihe thought that Hisyam has all the goodcharacters she epected. 2fter hearing his wife utterance, DuktuCr F2RdiCl

said inter"ection Fwalla>hi’ as an emphasis eplaining that Hisyam was not

one of their students, thus he would not marry her beloved daughter, JaCra

with Hisyam.

".".2 Interjection for Starting a &on!ersation

0nter"ection used to start a conversation in 2rabic97gypt is primary

inter"ection Fhyah’. The language function of this inter"ection is phatic

function because it is used for starting a communication. The data of the

cognitive inter"ection for starting a conversation is presented as follows.

$*& /mmu al-)hus}ni : Hayyah, man alla#i> ka>na yaqra’u al-ba>ba

al-barra>ni>+/ /Laitu>nah : Sya>bun ya> mala>ti> #u> haiFatin

h}asanatin yuri>du ya> sayyi>di>muqa>bilatika/

#BaCkasKiCr, %&/%(/%+

0nter"ection’hyah’ is a primary inter"ection because it is not categori-ed

into word class and its meaning appears when it is used with other sentence.

This inter"ection epresses anger feeling and starts a conversation as well.

The event making this inter"ection appeared is when Qmmu al9ghusEni was

in living room with her husband. Iuddently, Paitunah, their maid came, then

)%


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Qmmu al9>husEni said hayyah to start a conversation with Paitunah and ask

who the guest that "ust came into their house was.

"."." Agreement Interjection

2greement inter"ections include s}ah}i>hun, hasanun, tama>mun,and bi at}b’i7 The language function contained in this inter"ection is phatic

function having a purpose to maintain communication. Tha data of this

inter"ection is presented as follows.

$*%& /‘Ali> : 1a ana saFah}milu al-mi#}alla>ti wa a>lata at-tas}wi>ri/ /Al-mmu : Da’da qali>lin kullu wa>h}idin sayaFkhu#u

mi#}allatan wa satah}milu anta a>lata tas}wi7ri wa

mi#}allataka faqat}/ /‘Ali> : }ah}i>hun ya> mmi>7 Hatta astat}i>’u anatah}arraku bisuhu>latin/

#PiCdan, )%*()+

0nter"ection Fs}ah}i>hun’ meaning Fagree’ is one of inter"ections with

as}-sifahM noun. 0n data #*)+, inter"ection appeared when a child proposed

himself to bring his family’s camera and umbrella when they went for picnic.

2fter hearing her son’s proposal, his mother minded and told him thateveryone would bring their own umbrella, thus her son would only bring his

camera and umbrella. 2fter hearing her mother’s answer, the child agreed

and he felt happy because he could walk freely without bringing many

things.

#. Interjection ,u$tiunction in &ommunication

2rabic97gypt inter"ection has at least three functions. They are

emotive, phatic, and conative funtions. Iome inter"ections have severalfunctions in communication. 0n another words, one form of inter"ections can

be used to epress dierent kinds of feeling. There are seven multifunction

inter"ections in 2rabic97gypt inter"ection used in communication( a>h, way, K

hyah, ma> sya>Fa alla>h, subh}analla>h, a’u>#ubilla>hi, walla>hi,

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inter"eksi alh}amdulilla>hi, ya> sala>m, ya Eabb, assala>mu’alaikum, ma’a

as-sala>mati, and tus}h}ibuka as-sala>matu.

First, interjection 0a>h’ functions to show the epression of pain or hurt

but as well as to show speaker’s disbelieve, surprised and grief epressions.

Iecond, inter"ection Fway ’ functions to show the speaker’s astonished and

surprised epressions. Third, inter"ection Fhyah’ functions to show the

speaker’s regret, anger, astonished epressions and to start or initiate a

communication. !ourth, inter"ection Fma> sya>Fa alla>h’ functions to show

the speaker’ surprised, ama-ed and anger epressions.

Then, 6fth, inter"ection Fsubh}analla>h’ functions to show the

speaker’s of astonished, sadness and ama-ed epressions. Iith, inter"ection

Fa’u>#ubilla>hi’ has a function to show the speaker’s anger and fear

epressions. Ieventh, inter"ection Fwalla>hi’ functions to show the speaker’s

surprised and regret epressions. 7ighth, inter"ection Falhamdulilla>h’ has

two functions( to epress the speaker’s relief and happiness. 3inth,

inter"ection F ya sala>m’ functions to show the speaker’s astonished and

happiness.

!urthermore, Tenth inter"ection F ya Eabb’ has conative function

containing a meaning of F0 want it to be happenedGgranted’ and epressivefunction to epress speaker’s sadness. 7leventh inter"ection

Fassala>mu’alaikum’ has two functions( conative and phatic functions. This

inter"ection can be used to inLuence the speaker’s partner to listen and

watch the speaker and to initiate the communication as well.

Twelveth, inter"ection Fma’a as-sala>mati’ has two functions( conative

and phatic functions. This inter"ection can be used to inLuence people to be

careful and to end or stop the communication, which is a farewell.

Thirteenth, inter"ection Ftus}h}ibuka as-sala>matu’ has two language

functions( connative and phatic functions. Besides it can be used to inLuence

people to be careful, it can end a communication, which is farewell as well.

0. &onc$usions

)*


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Based on research concerning 2rabic97gypt inter"ection that has been

conducted by the researcher, then, we could reach severel conclusions. 0n

2rabic, inter"ection can be classi6ed into primary, secondary, phrase, and

clause inter"ections. ?rimary inter"ection is a form of language that has no

leical meaning. 0t is usually short sentences and imitatitve sounds. ?rimary

inter"ection in 2rabic97gypt is in shouting form.

2rabic97gypt inter"ection has at least three functions. They are

emotive, phatic and conative funtions. Iome inter"ections have several

functions in communication. 0n another words, one form of inter"ection can

be used to epress dierent kinds of feeling. There are seven inter"ection

multifunction in 2rabic97gypt and used in communication( a>h, way, K hyah,

ma> sya>Fa alla>h, subh}analla>h, a’u>#ubilla>hi, walla>hi, inter"eksi

alh}amdulilla>hi, ya> sala>m, ya Eabb, assala>mu’alaikum, ma’a as-

sala>mati, and tus}h}ibuka as-sala>matu.

Iecondary inter"ection in 2rabic97gypt covers ism words also covering

mausuf #ad"ectivable word+, sifah #ad"ective+, ismu al-fi’li %verb&, and harf %particle&,

in which it is harfu an-nidaFi %nidaFi particle&. n addition, in Arabic(Egypt, phrase

interjection covers three forms) murakkab id ḍā!y , murakkab wa6!y and prepositional

phrase # jar majru>r +. 'eanwhile, in Arabic(Egypt, clause % umlah! interjection is classified

into two types) jumlah ismiyyah and jumlah !’liyyah7

Arabic(Egypt interjection is classified into three classes) volitive, emotive and

cognitive inter"ections. 0nter"ection classifying based on its meaning and

function of each inter"ection. 2uthor used socio9communicative approach

#pragmatic+ to obtain the meanings.

The 6rst class in inter"ection 2rabic is volitive inter"ection. !urthermore,

volitive inter"ection in 2rabic is classi6ed into 6ve parts that have meaning

as, %+ 0 want you to pay attention to me, )+ 0want you to listen to me, *+ 0

want you to follow me, '+ 0want you to be careful and /+ 0 want it happens.

0nter"ection language function which is classi6ed into volitive inter"ection is

conative and phatic functions.

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The second class of 2rabic inter"ection is emotive inter"ection. Based

on data gathered in this research, emotive inter"ection consists of %)

meanings, including inter"ection epressing happiness, ama-ed, astonished,

anger, sadness, disappointed, surprised, hurt, fear, regret, relief and

disbelieving. The functions of this class are epressive or emotive function

emphassing the speakers to epress their feeling.

The third class in 2rabic97gypt inter"ection is cognitive inter"ection. 0t

covers emphasis, starting or initiating a conversation, and agreement

inter"ections. The language function containing in this class is conative and

phatic functions.

2rabic97gypt inter"ection at least has three functions( emotive, phatic

and conative functions. Ieveral inter"ections have several functions in

communication. 0n another words, one form of inter"ection can be used in

varried epressions. There are thirteen inter"ection multifunction in

communication in 2rabic inter"ection( a>h, way, hyah, ma> sya>Fa alla>h,

subh}analla>h, ’u>#ubilla>hi, walla>hi, alh}amdulilla>hi, ya> sala>m, ya

Eabb, assala>mu’alaikum, ma’a as-sala>mati, and tus}h}ibuka as-

sala>matu8.

)/

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