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Sustainability at Harvard

Best Prac tices for a Sustainable Campus

Nathan Gauthier

(w/ slides from Tom Vautin, Doug Garron, Jeffrey Smith, and Jac lyn Olsen)

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Sustainability at Harvard Introduction

Energy Supply and Procurement

Sustainable Design and Construc tion

Green Operations and Maintenance

Occ upant Engagement GHG Reduc tion Planning

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Harvards Energy Supply

GHG Contributors

Energy SystemsGHG Intensity

Reduc ing GHG IntensityReduc ing Energy Consumption

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Chilled Water

Plant

4%

Electricity

52%

Blackstone Steam

Plant33%

Natural Gas

8%

#4 Oil

2%#2 Oil

1%

Sc ope 1 and 2 Emissions by Source: FY07

Heating, cooling and poweringbuildings accounts for 85+% ofthe Cambridge Campus GHG

Emissions

What Drives Harvards GHG Emissions?

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Reduce total energy consumption

How c an Harvard reduce its

GHG footprint?

Increase efficiency and reduce

emissions from energy sources

Increase use of

renewable energy

Acquire offsets foremissions that cantotherwise be reduced

Stage 1

Stage 2

Stage 3

Stage 4

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E&U Chilled Water Two produc tion fac ilities

(Sc ienc e Center & Northwest

Lab)

Spac e c ond itioning & proc esscooling; 14,000 ton pea k

demand

70 buildings served; 5 milliongsf; 900,000 ton-days/ yr

(259,000 MMBtu/ yr)

8 chillers, 2 free-c oo ling hea t

exc hangers (winter operation)

All chillers are fueled by

electricity

Energy Infrastruc ture Chilled Water

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Replac ed two 2,500 Ton Chillers

(1 Oxford Street Plant)

1,345 MTCDE reduc tion

Energy input/ unit of Chilled

Water down ~ 19% (FY06 to

FY07)

Optimization with new Northwest

Plant

Free-c ooling heat exchangers

(winter op eration) 210 MTCDE reduc tion

Reduc ing GHG Intensity -Chilled Water

Chilled Water Production Efficiency

-

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

FY03 FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08

Ton-Days(quantity

0.300

0.400

0.500

0.600

0.700

0.800

0.900

kw/Ton

Chilled Water Produced Energy Rate

Lower Energy Rate = Lower GHG Intensity

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Blackstone Steam Plant

Blac kstone Plant Harvards

primary source for process

steam, heating and hot water

generation

160 buildings served, 11 million

gsf

700,000 MMBtu/ year 4 dual-fuel boilers, ~350,000

lbs/ hr peak demand, 400F/ 100-

125psig

10 miles of p ipeline

underground and in bridges in

Cambridge & Allston

Energy Infrastruc ture Centra l Steam

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Inc rea sed use of Natura l Gas


GHG Intensity of Steam down ~

16% (FY06 to FY07)

Rep lac em ent Boiler


New Steam Turbine Generator

(5 megawatts)


Optimization through new

DEF/ CHP fac ility interconnec tion

Reduc ing GHG Intensity -Centra l Steam

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E&U Electric Microgrid Harvard microg rid serves 90% of

Harvards load (Cambridge/Allston)

Bulk delivery from NSTAR at

13,800 volts

3 main Harvard take stations

that feed microg rid

50 MW peak; 250 Million kWh/ yr Primarily an elec tric ity

purchaser

Future cogeneration (CHP) a t

Blackstone and Harvard Allston

Sc ienc e Complex

Energy Infrastruc ture Electricity

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Electricity Procurement

Retail Supplier & wholesale

power purchaser

Portfolio Approa ch

FY09 ~ 13 million kWh o f

renewable power (5,450 MTCDEreduction)

Opportunities to buy generator

spec ific power & renewables

going forward

Other Possibilities

Self-generation/ CHP

On-site renewables

Greener power reduces GHG intensity of other proc esses!

Reduc ing GHG Intensity -Electricity

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Metering

At the building level (minimum)

Foc us on energy management

in addition to c ost rec overy

Rate Design

Send the right signals

Reward good behavior

Link c ost & causation

Make information Ac cessible

Energy c onsumption & cost

Operational data

Environmental impac t

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

ChW Tons

dT

Leveraging the Supply Side to Dec rease Consumption

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Sustainable Design and Construc tion

Suc cess Story - Rockefeller Hall

Knowledge Management & ContinuousImprovement

Green Building Guidelines

Master Planning

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Rockefeller Hall, HDS

26,700 Office Renova tion, Entha lpy Wheel, DOAS, DCV, 29% less energy,43.7% less water, 90% waste diversion,, 35,000 sf of open space

LEEDNCv2.2GoldPending

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17 LEED Certified Projec ts, 380 LEED Registered Projec ts

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Knowledge Management & ContinuousImprovement

Design Build Operate




Lessons Learned

Lessons Learned

Lessons Learned

Time

Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4

ProjectSuccess

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Knowledge Management

90

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Advantages of Building Green

0

100

200

300

400

500

60

0

700

800Platinum

Gold

Silver

Certified

Non LEED

$0

$200

$400

$600

$800

$

1,

000

$1,

200

$1,

400

$1

,600

Platinum

Gold

Silver

Certified

Non LEED

HarvardRenovations

Harvard NewConstruction

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Knowledge Management

www.greencampus.harvard.edu/ theresource

10/ 12 to 11/ 11/ 08 6,911 Visits,14,556 Visits to

OFS Site Resource Accounted for 47%

Your website is fantastic - a va luab le resource for all interested in Green Design.

Grea t site overall, fantastic information and wonderful to make it a ll accessible.

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Green Build ing Guidelines

LEED Silver Minimum

Harvard Required LEED Credits 6 points - EA c red it 1

EA c redit 3 & 5

MR c 2.1 & 2.2

EQ c 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 & 5

Utilize Integrated Design

Life Cyc le Costing throughout projec t

Energy Modeling Required

Adopt Ongoing Commissioning Plan

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Allston Development Group Sustainability Master Plan 50% GHG reduc tion 1st build ing, 30% Campus LEED Gold Minimum

Master Planning

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Green Operations and Maintenance

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Build ing Effic ienc y Programs

Preventive Maintenance

Steam Trap Testing

Meter Calibration Service

Maintenance Operator

Training (DDC Simulator)

Programs In Development

Energy Auditing

Existing BuildingCommissioning

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Owner Services Program

Early Involvement of Staff

Witness Insta llation, Startupand Commissioning

Results: Defic ienc ies Resolved

Maintenanc e Staff Trained

PM Programs Developed

Build ing Operating Plans Emergenc y Response Protoc ols

Design --- Construction --- Turnover (Occupancy)

The Building Operates More Effic iently!

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Building Energy Analysis Proc edures

1. Standard Reporting Methodologies.- Building Performance Reporting Standards

- Standard Reporting for Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs).

2. Preliminary Analysis (by School/Unit In-house Staff).

- Analyze historic building energy consumption.

- Prioritize energy reduction efforts based on Energy Utilization Index.

- Compile basic building information to provide to Vendors.

- Verify utility meter locations and areas covered.

3. Detailed Energy Audits (by Qualified Providers).

- Conduct building energy audits; start with most energy intensive facilities.

- ASHRAE Level II Audit scope is recommended.

- In some instances, Performance Contracting may be appropriate.

4. Ongoing Build ing Performance Review.

- Continuously monitor, maintain, and report building performance.

- In some buildings, continuous commissioning may be appropriate.

Energy & Water Reporting

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BillingEfficiency

Reporting

GHG Emission

Reporting*

Demand Ton kBtu/hr PCDE/hr

Consumption Ton-Day kBtu MTCDE

Demand kW kBtu/hr PCDE/hr

Consumption kWh kBtu MTCDE

Demand MMBtu/hr kBtu/hr PCDE/hr

Consumption MMBtu kBtu MTCDEDemand Therm/hr kBtu/hr PCDE/hr

Consumption Therm kBtu MTCDE

Demand Gal/hr kBtu/hr PCDE/hr

Consumption Gallons kBtu MTCDE

Demand Gal/hr kBtu/hr PCDE/hr

Consumption Barrels kBtu MTCDE

Demand Gal/hr Gal/hr NA

Consumption Ccf Ccf NA

Chilled Water

Electricity

Steam

Utility

Natural Gas

#2 Fuel Oil

#4 Fuel Oil

Water

Energy & Water ReportingStandards

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1. Energy Use Index and Preliminary Analysis

- Done by end of FY 09

2. Energy Aud its and/ or Performance Contrac ts- Start with highest opportunity buildings & work through portfolio

3. ECM Prioritization and Implementation

Use audit results to develop multi-year capital plan to meet FY 16 goal

4. Ongoing Build ing Performance Review and Best Prac tice Sharing- Ongoing

FY 09

Energy Use Index (kBtu/sf)and Preliminary Analysis

FY 10

Energy Audits and Performance Contracts

Ongoing Performance Review and Best Practice Sharing

FY 11

ECM Prioritization and Implementation

FY 12

R

E

P

O

R

T

R

E

P

O

R

T

R

E

P

O

R

T

R

E

P

O

R

T

1.

2.

3.

4.

Energy Audit Sc hedule

Energy Conservation

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1. Loan FundProjec ts to Date: 144 Projec ts $10,517,000 Cost $3,772,000

Annua l Savings 22,647 MTCDESavings

35.9% ROI

2. Conduct Energy

Aud its to IdentifyBuilding SpecificOpportunities

Energy ConservationProgress to Date: Loan Fund

Loan Fund GHG Reduction Projects

8 @ 104%

3 @ 4%

3 @ 72%

1 @ 50% 4 @ 49%

17 @ 35%1 @ 33% 32 @ 31%

75 @ 27%

$112,557

$838,868

$1,425,967

$84,293 $11,331

$959,203

$51,566 $13,323

$286,508

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Beha

vior*

Insula

tion

Meterin

g

Controls

Kitche

n

Coge

n

HVAC

Ligh

ting

Photov

oltaic

Return on

Investment

$0

$200,000

$400,000

$600,000

$800,000

$1,000,000

$1,200,000

$1,400,000

$1,600,000

Annual Utility

Savings

ROI Utility Savings

*Note: Behavioral Change projects have an annual cost as well as savings,while the remaining project have a one time cost only.

O&M and Asset

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AssetManagement

AssetManagement

Asset Management Analysis Report

IFMA Boston Asset Management Task Force

9/25/08 FINAL

O&M and AssetManagement Best

Prac tice Princ iples andBuilding Policy

Minimum Training

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Training Plans

Knowledge

Comprehension

Application

Analysis

Synthesis

Evaluation

Blooms Taxonomy

Capital Projec t Teams

O&M Staff

gRequirements

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Green Cleaning Programs

Program Benefits Inc lude: Reduced allergies or

sensitivities for occupants

Safer conditions for workers

Fewer Products Reusable materials

(Microfiber cloth)

100% Recycled PaperProducts

Fully integrated recycling

and composting programs

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Recyc ling and Waste Management

Single Stream Rec yc ling

Recycling Rate over 52%

Food Composting Programs

Not just Dining Halls

Rapidly expanding interest of

staff

Contrac t Requirements for Hauler:

CNG Packer Truck

Bio-Diesel for all other equipment

Vegetable-based hydraulic oilfor compactors and accessories

Surplus Distribution

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Surplus Distribution

Over $2.5M in useful stuff donated in 2007

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Organic Landsc ape Maintenanc e

Program Benefits:

Restores the NaturalNutrient Cycle

Water use down by 30%

Reintroduces organicmaterials (clippings,leaves, wood chips)

Eliminates all pesticides,herbicides, fungicides,and insecticides

Provide food and drink for 15 000

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Provide food and drink for 15,000

How many bags of Trash?

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Everything else was recyc led or composted!

Sustainability

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Sustainability

Engagement Programs Why Oc cupant Engagement?

Tools for suc c essful behavior change

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Why Oc cupant Engagement?

Harvards mission extends beyond ac ademicprograms.

Peoples ac tivities in build ings have real, significantimpac ts direc t and indirec t.

Continuous improvement in sustainability requireschanging the c ulture of an organization, which is

much more than just changing the lights (and moredifficult!)

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What Works?

Find the Champions

Use the natural competitive spirit

Build soc ial norms

Use Peer to Peer teaching & learning

Use proven Soc ial Marketing tec hniques forbehavior change

T l f B h i Ch

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1. Get Commitment We want to be seen as consistent

Alters self-perception Commit to small ac tion = more like ly to take large ac tion

Tools of Behavior Change


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2. Use & Build Social Norms

We want to be seen doing

the right thing

Strong soc ial pressures toconform

We are hard-wired toimitate soc ia l norms Picture from Green your

scene posters


T l f B h i Ch

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3. Use Incentives

Motivation for ac tion

T l f B h i Ch

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4. Provide Real Feedback

T l f B h i Ch

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5. Use Persuasive Messaging

use language that that is

relevant to your audience.

make your message vivid

frame your message bywhat is being lost insteadof saved

Tools of Beha ior Change

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5. Use Persuasive Messaging

use persona l contac t

make it easy toremember

use simple, c lear

instruction.

Resourc es and Links

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Resourc es and Links

Office for Sustainability Website

http://www.green.harvard.edu

Harvard Green Office Resourc eshttp://www.green.harvard.edu/greenoffice/

Community Based Soc ial Marketing (CBSM) website

(for behavior change tools and exampleshttp:/ / www.c bsm.c om/

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Sustainability at Harvard

Best Prac tices for a Sustainable Campus

Nathan Gauthier

nathan nesea 3.11.09

Documents