ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetiivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

humanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetihumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetihumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakultetihumanitarul mecnierebaTa fakulteti

qarTveluri enaTmecnierebaqarTveluri enaTmecnierebaqarTveluri enaTmecnierebaqarTveluri enaTmecniereba

nato SavreSianinato SavreSianinato SavreSianinato SavreSiani

ekomigrant svanTa metyvelebis sintaqsuri Taviseburebaniekomigrant svanTa metyvelebis sintaqsuri Taviseburebaniekomigrant svanTa metyvelebis sintaqsuri Taviseburebaniekomigrant svanTa metyvelebis sintaqsuri Taviseburebani

filologiis doqtoris (Ph.D.) akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad warmodgenili

dddd i i i i ssss eeee rrrr tttt aaaa cccc i i i i aaaa

samecniero xelmZRvaneli: filologiis mecnierebaTa doqtori,

Tsu asoc. profesori merab Cuxua

Tbilisi

2013

avtoris stili daculia

- 2 -

SesavaliSesavaliSesavaliSesavali

svanur enas qarTvelur enaTa Soris gansakuTrebuli adgili ukavia.

svanurSi daculi arqaizmebi, rTuli fonetikuri procesebi, struq-

turuli sxvaobani da dialeqturi Taviseburebani araerTgzis gamxdara

enaTmecnierTa kvlevis obieqti. aRniSnul sakiTxebs araerTi naSromi

miuZRvnes cnobilma qarTvelma Tu ucxoelma qarTvelologebma.

svanuri enis leqsikuri masalebi pirvelad fiqsirdeba i. giulden-

Stedtis (1787-1791 ww.) da i. klaproTis (1807-1808 ww.) naSromebSi, xolo

pirveli gramatikuli mimoxilva warmoadgina g. rozenma laSxur kiloze

dayrdnobiT.

v. Tofurias dakvirvebiT ucxoeli qarTvelologebi „svanuri di-

aleqtebidan yvelaze ufro xSirad iyenebdnen uSgulurs, naklebad _

laSxurs, balszemours, iSviaTad _ balsqvemoursa da Coluruls. sru-

lebiT ar yofila dakvirvebis obieqtad lentexuri“ (13, 151).

mas Semdeg rac ganisazRvra da gamoiyo svanuris oTxi ZiriTadi

kilo, enaTmecnierebi svanurSi calkeuli sakiTxebis ganxilvisas Ziri-

Tadad balszemour dialeqts eyrdnobian: „ufro uxvad warmodgenilia

balszemouri kilos masalebi, radgan, rogorc cnobilia, am kiloSi

ufro sruli saxiTaa Semonaxuli svanuri enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli

mravali movlena“ (1, 107).

svanurSi tradiciulad oTx dialeqts (balszemour, balsqvemour,

lentexur da laSxur) gamoyofen.

samecniero sazogadoebaSi aqtualuria svanur dialeqtTa Soris Co-

luruli metyvelebis adgilis gansazRvris sakiTxi, Tumca es problema

dRemde gadaWrili ar aris.

Coluruli moqceulia laSxursa da lentexurs Soris da amis gamo

orives ZiriTad gramatikul movlenebs iziarebs. mis calke dialeqtad

gamoyofas jer kidev akademikosi niko mari uWerda mxars. aleqsandre

onianis azriT, "Coluruli iseve gansxvavdeba svanuris yvela sxva dia-

leqtisagan, rogorc TiToeuli maTgani _ erTmaneTisagan. es ki Coluru-

lis damoukidebel dialeqtad gamoyofis safuZvels iZleva", ufro metic,

igi kategoriulad ewinaaRmdegeba Colurulis sxva romelime dialeqtSi

- 3 -

gaerTianebas, vinaidan „... is msgavsad balszemourisa, laSxurisaganac

gansxvavdeba (umlautiani xmovnebiT) da lentexurisa da balsqvemo-

urisaganac (grZeli xmovnebiT)“ (29, 7)

v. Tofurias, cxumarulis msgavsad, Coluruli metyvelebac narev

dialeqtad miaCnia: „narevi dialeqtia uTuod zemosvanurSi cxumaruli da

qvemosvanurSi Coluruli metyveleba... Coluruli ZiriTadad laSxurs

ekedleba“ (13, 56).

Coluruls akaki SaniZe calke kilod ar Tvlis da mas or nawilad

yofs: `unda SevniSno, rom Coluruli calke kilos ar warmoadgens. enob-

rivad igi or nawilad iyofa: zemo nawili laSxuris kilokavia, qvemo na-

wili ki (sof. saydari, buleSi, muwdi) _ lentexuria. Tumca unda aRvniS-

no isic, rom zemo ColurulSi umlautebic aris, romlebic mas lente-

xurTan aaxloebs, xolo qvemo ColurulSi grZeli xmovnebic, raica mas

laSxurTan akavSirebs~ (44, 84).

aRniSnul dialeqtze metyveli mosaxleoba kompaqturad aris ganla-

gebuli cxeniswylis xeobis im nawilSi, romelic laSxeTsa da lentexs

Soris mdebareobs da sakmao manZiliTaa daSorebuli laSxur da lente-

xur dialeqtze mosaubreTagan.

Cveni azriT, Coluruli metyvelebis mravalferovani masalis mopo-

veba-gamoqveynebisa da specialuri Seswavlis gareSe SeuZlebeli iqneba

svanur dialeqtTa Soris Colurulis adgilis sabolood gansazRvra.

„umwerlobo qarTvelur enaTa fiqsireba, rogorc es mravalgzis

aRniSnula, gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobis amocanaa, vinaidan Tanamedrove

epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli intensiuri kontaqtebi gansazRvraven nebis-

mieri enis, gansakuTrebiT ki umwerlobo enebis, swrafi tempiT cvlas“

(34, 240).

sadisertacio naSromSi gamoyenebulia specialuri samecniero

literatura, warmodgenilia svanuris yvela dialeqtis mravalferovani

Janruli masala rogorc svanuri enis qrestomaTiidan, ise svanuri pro-

zauli teqstebis oTxive tomidan da svanuri poeziidan, agreTve, Cven

mier savele pirobebSi mopovebuli sxvadasxva dialeqtis monacemebi, maT

Soris Coluruli da laxamuluri metyvelebis nimuSebi. zusti sali-

teraturo qarTuli ekvivalentebi axlavs yvela CamoTvlil wyaros.

- 4 -

sintaqsuri TvalsazrisiT Coluruli metyveleba, svanuris sxva

dialeqtebisagan gansxvavebiT, dRemde specialuri kvlevis obieqti ar

yofila. Cven mier warmodgenili sadisertacio naSromi aris pirveli

mcdeloba, sxva dialeqtebis paralelurad warmodgenili iqnas Coluru-

li metyvelebis sintaqsuri sakiTxebi. naSromSi, agreTve, gaTvalis-

winebulia svaneTidan ekologiuri mizezebis gamo qvemo qarTlSi

migrirebul svanTa metyvelebis nimuSebic.

rogorc cnobilia, sintaqsi sakiTxTa farTo wres aerTianebs da

Cven naSromSi SevexebiT ZiriTad sakiTxebs: disertaciis mizania, svanuris

sintaqsuri sakiTxebis Seswavlis safuZvelze warmovaCinoT, Tu ra Tavi-

seburebebi axasiaTebs da ra saerTo aqvs svanuris sintaqss qarTulTan

mimarTebaSi.

svanurisvanurisvanurisvanuri sintaqsissintaqsissintaqsissintaqsis SeswavlisSeswavlisSeswavlisSeswavlis istoriaistoriaistoriaistoria

„apolonios diskolom pirvelma moxaza sintaqsis are da naTlad

aRniSna is sakiTxebi, romelnic sintaqss ganekuTvnebian, man Tavidanve

sityvaTa SeTanxmebas miaqcia yuradReba, dasva da gadawyvita sintaqsis

ZiriTadi sakiTxi“ (52, 34).

XVII saukunidan dawyebuli qarTuli enis Zv. gramatikebSi sintaqsi,

anu leqsTTxzuleba, rogorc gramatikis calkeuli dargi, umeteswilad

gamijnulia morfologiisagan.

sintaqsis sagnis Sesaxeb enaTmecnierTa Soris azrTa sxvadasxva-

obaa. mecnierTa erTi nawili sintaqsis sagnad sityvaTa Sexameba-SekavSi-

rebebs miiCnevs, garkveul nawils sintaqsis sagnad — winadadeba da

winadadebis wevrebi miaCnia, xolo mecnierTa nawili sintaqsSi erTad

ganixilavs sityvaTa Sexameba-SekavSirebebsa da winadadebas.

sintaqsis saxelmZRvaneloebic swored am ukanaskneli Sexedulebis

mixedviTaa Sedgenili, sadac SesityvebasTan erTad ganxilulia winada-

deba da winadadebis wevrebi.

jer kidev XVIII saukuneSi anton pirvelma Tavis „qarTul Rrama-

tikaSi“, franCesko-maria majos msgavsad, sintaqsis sagnad metyvelebis

nawilebs Soris damokidebuleba (SeTanxmeba, marTva) miiCnia. misive

- 5 -

ganmartebiT sintaqsi aris „gankargæa wesier TanÃmobiTi nawilTa Ãelov-

nebiTsa yovladsa Sina“ (6, 213).

„gaioz reqtori iZleva sintaqsis ramdenadme gansxvavebul gansaz-

Rvras: „sÂintaqsi, anu aRnaqæsi ars nawili Rramatikisa, romelica

aswavebs TanÃmobasa Sewyobasa Sina nawilTa sityÂsaTa“. TanTanTanTanÃÃÃÃmmmmobaobaobaoba gaiozi-

saTvis farTo cnebaa. igi aRniSnavs rogorc SeTanxmebas, aseve saerTod

— SekavSirebas, Sexamebas. gaiozma, antonisagan gansxvavebiT axali

termini SemoiRo (aRnaqæsi), misi mixedviT sintaqsi aris samgvari: 1.

martivi, 2. xelovnebiTi anu ritoruli, 3. uxvsityvaobiTi anu Svenier-

sityvaobiTi“ (17, 78).

anton I -isa da gaioz reqtoris sintaqsiseul gagebas iziareben

daviT bagrationi, ioane bagrationi da ioane qarTveliSvili.

XIX saukunis 30 — 40-iani wlebidan sintaqsSi, SesityvebaTa siste-

maSi upiratesoba eniWeba winadadebas, rogorc azris (msjelobis) gamom-

xatvel Sesityvebas, magaliTad „platon ioselianis TqmiT: leqsTa Txzu-

leba (sintaqsi) aris nawili gramatikisa, romelica aswavebs sityvisa na-

wilTa kanoniersa Sewyobasa gamoxatvisaTvis srulisa hazrisa“ (17, 79).

XIX saukunis 50-iani wlebidan saskolo gramatikebSi sintagmaTa

struqturul-semantikuri analizis adgils winadadebis funqciur seman-

tikuri analizi ikavebs, sityvaTa urTierTobis sakiTxebi iCrdileba,

adre xmarebuli terminebi (ufali, Zieba) qreba da maT nacvlad fun-

qciuri terminebi (qvemdebare, damateba, Semasmeneli...) Cndeba. sintaqsi, anu

moZRvreba leqsTa Txzvis Sesaxeb, winadadebis Sesaxeb moZRvrebad iqceva.

Sesabamisad saskolo gramatikebSi gvxvdeba sintaqsis amgvari gan-

marteba: „sintaqsi aris gramatikis nawili, romelic Seiswavlis wina-

dadebis tipebs da winadadebaSi sityvaTa SekavSirebis wesebs. igi arkvevs,

ra da ra tipis sityvebi SeiZleba Seewyos erTmaneTs, ra saxis urTier-

Toba SeiZleba damyardes maT Soris da ra daniSnuleba aqvs ama Tu im

sityvas winadadebaSi“ (19, 6).

„XX saukunidan gramatikaSi Tavi iCina axalma, formalurma

(struqturulma) mimarTulebam, romelmac sintaqsis miznad Sesityvebis

mxolod agebulebis (struqturis) kvleva dasaxa. struqturul mimarTu-

- 6 -

lebas qarTuli enaTmecnieruli azris istoriaSi safuZveli Cauyara arn.

Ciqobavas naSromebma“ (17, 79).

arn. Ciqobavas TvalsazrisiT, „sintaqsi aris moZRvreba SesityvebaTa

Sesaxeb. sintaqsis sagania sityvaTa SenaerTi, Sesityveba. cxadia, rom

erTi sityvis sintaqsi SeuZlebelia. sityvaTa SeanaerTSi mTavar rols

asrulebs saxeli da zmna; sxva sityvebi amaT ekedleba (52, 36).

qarTulSi sintaqsis Seswavlis istorias l. kvantaliani XVII sa-

ukunidan f. majos gramatikiT iwyebs, Tumca Tvlis, rom „sintaqsis Ses-

wavlis istoriis dasawyisi adreul saukuneebSi unda veZeboT“ (17, 76).

Sesityvebis sakiTxebis mecnieruli Seswavla meoce saukunidan

daiwyo, mas Semdeg rac gamoqveynda arn. Ciqobavas monografia „martivi

winadadebis problema qarTulSi“ da werilTa seria „ra Tavisebureba

axasiaTebs qarTuli enis agebulebas“.

Sesityvebis sintaqsurad SeswavlaSi arn. Ciqobava Sesityvebis Se-

dgenilobis Seswavlasa da Sesityvebis struqturis dadgenas gulisxmobs.

qarTul gramatikaSi Sesityvebis sakiTxi metad aqtualuria da mas

ara erTi avtoris naSromi mieZRvna. garda zemoT CamoTvlilisa, aRsa-

niSnavia, v. Tofurias „metyvelebis sakiTxebisaTvis qarTulSi“ (sadac v.

Tofuria iziarebs Sesityvebis arn. Ciqobavaseul gagebas), „mSobliuri

enis swavlebis sakiTxebi saSualo skolaSi“, n. basilaias „qarTuli mar-

Tlweris sakiTxebi“, a. daviTianis „qarTuli enis sintaqsi“, m. cikolias

„sityvaTa rigi, rogorc sintaqsisa da stilistikis sagani“ da sxv.

winadadebis Sesaxeb gamoTqmul gansazRvrebebSi azri (msjeloba)

figurirebs, rogorc winadadebis definiciis aucilebeli konponenti

(winadadeba aris azri, an msjeloba... winadadeba aris sityvaTa SeerTeba,

romelic dasrulebul azrs gamoxatavs).

arn. Ciqobavas TvalsazrisiT ki azri gramatikis ganxilvis sagani

ver iqneba. winadadeba gansazRvruli unda iqnes specifikuri, sintaqsuri

niSnebiT, im damokidebulebaze damyarebiT, romelic sityvaTa Soris Se-

sityvebaSi iqmneba. amrigad: „winadadeba aris Sesityveba, agebuli zmnisa

da saxelisagan koordinaciis Tu marTvis safuZvelze (koordinaciisaze

– relatiur-zmnian winadadebaSi, marTvisaze – absolutur-zmnianSi)“ (52,

234).

- 7 -

sintaqsSi unda ganixilebodes Tu ara winadadeba da winadadebis

wevrebi, amaze vrclad msjelobs arn. Ciqobava: „gvWirdeba Tu ara sintaq-

sSi „winadadebawinadadebawinadadebawinadadeba“, „qvemdebareqvemdebareqvemdebareqvemdebare“, „SemasmeneliSemasmeneliSemasmeneliSemasmeneli“, „damatebadamatebadamatebadamateba“, „gansazRvrebagansazRvrebagansazRvrebagansazRvreba“,

„garemoebanigaremoebanigaremoebanigaremoebani“? – es terminebi SeiZleba davtovoT sintaqsSi, Tu maT gar-

kveuli sintaqsuri Sinaarsi ganekuTvnebaT, ese igi, Tu isini gamoye-

nebulni iqnebian sityvaTa damokidebulebis aRsaniSnavad, sityvaTa

rolis dasaxasiaTeblad SesityvebaSi. Tu es aucilebeli piroba ar

Sesruldeba, am terminebis xmareba mxolod imis momaswavebeli iqneba,

rom sintaqsi „arasintaqsurad Seiswavleba... ...cnebani: winadadeba

(mxedevelobaSi gvaqvs winadadebawinadadebawinadadebawinadadeba-cneba, romlis nawilebs metyvelebis

nawilebi ki ar Seadgens (am gagebiT winadadeba ZvelTaganve ixmareboda),

aramed qvemdebare-Semasmeneli), qvemdebare, Semasmeneli — gramatikaSi

logikidan aris gadmotanili mecxramete saukuneSi; iqidan moyolebuli

warmoebs maTi aklimatizacia da jerac ar aris damTavrebuli es pro-

cesi... pirvandeli SinaarsiT am cnebebis datoveba enaTmecnierebaSi ga-

umarTlebeli iqneboda, xolo Tuki maT mkacrad enaTmecnierulienaTmecnierulienaTmecnierulienaTmecnieruli SinaarsiSinaarsiSinaarsiSinaarsi

miecemoda, maTi arsebobac gamarTlebuli iqneboda“ (52, 71-127).

arn. Ciqobava saubrobs „„„„uwinadadebouwinadadebouwinadadebouwinadadebo sintaqszesintaqszesintaqszesintaqsze“: „... sintaqsis mizans

ar Seadgens winadadebis da misi nawilebis Zieba... sintaqsi sityvaTa da-

mokidebulebas iZiebs ... „uwinadadebo“ sintaqsi ara Tu warmosadgenia,

aramed faqtia kidec, faqti orjer ufro xangrZlivi istoriis mqone Cven-

Si, vinem es „winadadebian sintaqss“ gaaCnia. ...winadadeba ver gamocxaddeba

principulad uCveulo da gansakuTrebul sagnad sintaqsisa“ (52, 73-127).

Tumca avtors miaCnia, rom winadadeba SesityvebaTa Soris upirate-

sobiT unda sargeblobdes, radgan masSi monawileobs saxeli da zmna:

„...udavoa, rom igi unda sargeblobdes upiratesobiT sxva SesityvebaTa

Soris, radganac masSi monawileobs metyvelebis ori ZiriTadi nawili:

saxeli da zmna, Sesityvebisa, da saerTod, metyvelebis xerxemali“ (52,

127).

yovelive zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare SeiZleba iTqvas, rom arn.

Ciqobava sintaqsSi winadadebis Semoyvanas da ganxilvas amarTlebs imde-

nad, ramdenadac „winadadeba garkveuli saxis Sesityvebaa da, maSasadame,

misi nawilebis kvalifikaciac xdeba saTanado sityvaTa urTierTobis

- 8 -

mixedviT; winadadebis nawilTa aRmniSvneli cnebebis Sinaarsi migviTi-

Tebs, ra rolsac TamaSobs esa Tu is sityva winadadebaSi: aris igi

gabatonebuli, Tu damokidebuli, mmarTveli Tu marTuli, maTanxmebeli

Tu SeTanxmebuli, Tu arc erTia, arc meore, aramed mxolod mirTulia“

(52, 122).

sintaqsis sakiTxebze qarTulSi araerT mkvlevars umuSavia da

samecniero kvleva dResac grZeldeba, Sesabamisad aRniSnul gramatikul

kategoriasTan dakavSirebiT mdidari samecniero literatura arsebobs,

maT Soris gamosarCevia: antonantonantonanton I I I I----isisisis „qarTuli Rrammatika“, franCeskofranCeskofranCeskofranCesko

mariomariomariomario----majosmajosmajosmajos „Rramatika“, daviTdaviTdaviTdaviT bagrationisbagrationisbagrationisbagrationis „qarTuli Rramatika“, ioaneioaneioaneioane

bagrationisbagrationisbagrationisbagrationis „qarTuli Rramatika“, gaiozgaiozgaiozgaioz reqtorisreqtorisreqtorisreqtoris „qarTuli

Rrammatika“, ssss. . . . dodaSvilisdodaSvilisdodaSvilisdodaSvilis „Semoklebuli qarTuli Rrammatika“, iiii. . . .

nikolaiSvilisnikolaiSvilisnikolaiSvilisnikolaiSvilis „qarTuli mokle gramatika“, iliailiailiailia feraZisaferaZisaferaZisaferaZisa dadadada iliailiailiailia

sixaruliZissixaruliZissixaruliZissixaruliZis „enis dakvirveba“, ioaneioaneioaneioane qarTveliSvilisqarTveliSvilisqarTveliSvilisqarTveliSvilis „qarTuli

gramatika“, aaaa. . . . quTaTelaZisquTaTelaZisquTaTelaZisquTaTelaZis „pirvel-dawyebiTi qarTuli gramatika“, mmmm. . . .

janaSvilisjanaSvilisjanaSvilisjanaSvilis „qarTuli gramatika“, ssss. . . . xundaZisxundaZisxundaZisxundaZis „qarTuli gramatika“, vvvv. . . .

TofuriasTofuriasTofuriasTofurias „Sromebi“, misive ― „qarTuli enis gramatikis sadavo sakiT-

xebi“, arnarnarnarn. . . . CiqobavasCiqobavasCiqobavasCiqobavas „qarTuli enis zogadi daxasiaTeba“, misive ―

„martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi“, misive ― „ra Taviseburebani

axasiaTebs qarTuli enis agebulebas“, aaaa. . . . SaSaSaSaniZisniZisniZisniZis „Txzulebani“, t III, mmmm. . . .

cikoliascikoliascikoliascikolias „sityvaTa rigi rogorc sintaqsisa da stilistikis sagani“, SSSS. . . .

ZiZigurisZiZigurisZiZigurisZiZiguris „rTuli winadadebis problema qarTul enaSi“, rrrr. . . . WikaZisWikaZisWikaZisWikaZis

„winadadebis agebulebis sakiTxisaTvis qarTulSi (erTgvarSemasmenlebian

Serwymuli winadadebis magaliTze)“, misive ― „winadadebis parataqsuli

konstruqcia qarTulSi“, alalalal. . . . RlontisRlontisRlontisRlontis „qarTuli winadadeba“, JJJJ. . . .

feiqriSvilisfeiqriSvilisfeiqriSvilisfeiqriSvilis „qarTuli enis sintaqsi“, akakakak. . . . daviTianisdaviTianisdaviTianisdaviTianis „qarTuli enis

sintaqsi“, aaaa. . . . kiziriaskiziriaskiziriaskizirias „Serwymuli winadadeba qarTulSi“, misive ―

„martivi winadadebis Sedgeniloba qarTvelur enebSi“, llll. . . . kvaWaZiskvaWaZiskvaWaZiskvaWaZis

„Tanamedrove qarTuli enis sintaqsi“, llll. . . . kvantalianiskvantalianiskvantalianiskvantalianis „misamarTi

sityvisa da mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelis SeTanxmeba qarTulSi“ da sxv.

rac Seexeba svanurs, svanuri sintaqsis Seswavlis istoria,

ZiriTadad, XX saukunidan iwyeba, mas Semdeg, rac intensiurad daiwyo

svanuri masalis Sekreba–Cawera da xelmisawvdomi gaxda svanuri dialeq-

- 9 -

tebis teqstebi, Sesabamisad gamoqveynda sxvadasxva naSromebic, Tumca

isic unda aRiniSnos, rom jer kideva me-19 saukunis pirvel naxevarSi g.

rozenis gramatikul mimoxilvaSi „Ossetische Sprachlehre nebst einer Abhandlung

uber das Mingrelische, Suanische und Abchasische“-Si mocemulia svanuris

msazRvrel-sazRvrulis daxasiaTeba (32, 57-70).

svanuri sintaqsis kvlevaSi didi wvlili miuZRviT v. Tofurias, m.

qaldans, n. abesaZes, a. kizirias, g. rogavas, i. CantlaZes da a. S. aRniSnu-

li sakiTxis mecnieruli Seswavla, rasakvirvelia, amJamadac grZeldeba.

v. Tofurias TqmiT „svanuri da qarTuli TiTqmis ar gansxvavdebian

erTmaneTisgan sintaqsur sakiTxebSi. qarTuli sintaqsi mTlianad miudge-

ba svanurs, mxolod magaliTebi iqneba Sesacvleli. erTaderTi ZiriTadi

gansxvaveba Cans III p. sxvaTa sityvis gadmocemaSi. am mxriv svanuri origi-

naluria ara marto qarTvelur enebSi: am TaviseburebiT gamoirCeva is

sxva enaTaganac“ (13, 254).

zemoT CamoTvlil mkvlevarTa mier gamoqveynebulma naSromebma da

Tanamedrove kvleva-Ziebam gviCvena, rom qarTulTan msgavsebis miuxedavad,

svanur sintaqsSi calkeul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli sxva-

obebi SeiniSneba, sxvaobaTa mravalferovneba dialeqturi nairsaxeobebi-

Tacaa gamowveuli.

v. Tofurias SromebSi svanuris sintaqss sakmaod didi adgili

uWiravs, ZiriTadad ganxilulia winadadeba Sinaarsisa da aRnagobis

mixedviT, winadadebis wevrebi funqciisa da morfologiuri Tval-

sazrisiT, winadadebis wevrTa sintaqsuri urTierToba da paralelebia

gavlebuli qarTulis Sesabamis kategoriebTan.

svanuris sintaqsis SeswavlaSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs n.

abesaZis kvlevebs: „hipotaqsis wevr-kavSirebi da kavSirebi svanurSi“,

„Serwymuli winadadebebi svanurSi“, „grZnobisa da Tqma-brZanebis gamo-

mxatvel zmnaTa Semcveli qvewyobili winadadebebi svanurSi“, „rom

kavSiri qarTvelur enebSi“, „gansazRvreba svanurSi“, „damatebebisa da

Semasmenlis sintaqsuri urTierTobis zogierTi sakiTxi svanurSi“,

„zmniswinebisa da Tandebulebis urTierTobis zogi sakiTxisaTvis qarTve-

lur enebSi“, „mimarTebiTi zmnizedebi svanuri enis qvewyobil winada-

debaSi“, „mimarTebiTi nacvalsaxelebis gamoyeneba qvewyobili winada-

- 10 -

debebis wevr-kavSirebad svanurSi“, „ere (rom) kavSirisaTvis svanurSi“,

„brunvaTa sintaqsuri funqciebi svanurSi qarTulTan mimarTebiT“ da sxv.

naSromSi „hipotaqsis wevr-kavSirebi da kavSirebi svanurSi“, rTuli

qvewyobili winadadebis maqvemdebarebeli wevr-kavSirebi da kavSirebi

ganxilulia svanuris oTxive dialeqtis monacemebze dayrdnobiT, Tumca

rogorc avtori acxadebs, „uxvad warmodgenilia balszemouri kilos

masalebi, radgan am kiloSi ufro sruli saxiTaa Semonaxuli svanuri

enisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlena“ (1, 107).

ganxiluli masalis safuZvelze mkvlevari askvnis, rom „svanur

enaSi hipotaqsis ganviTareba sakmaod maRal safexurze dgas, rodesac

mTavari da damokidebuli winadadebis dacalkeveba umtkivneulod ver

xerxdeba“ (1, 144).

v. Tofurias msgavsad, n. abesaZec Tvlis, rom rTuli qvewyobili

winadadebis aRnagobiT svanuri ZiriTadad qarTuls hgavs (mag: qvewyobil

winadadebaSi mimarTebiTi zmnizedebis gamoyenebac arsebiTad qarTuli-

seburia; mimarTebiTi sityvebis kiTxviTi nawili bevr SemTxvevaSi qar-

TulTan saerTo fuZes Seicavs; mimarTebiTi sityvebis Semcvel damoki-

debul winadadebasa da mTavar winadadebas Soris Zv. qarTulis msgavsad

gamoyenebulia iiii (= da) kavSiri; mimarTebiTi sityvebi iwarmoeba kiTxviT

sityvaTa fuZeze æóæóæóæóÁÁÁÁ nawilakis darTviT, æóæóæóæóÁÁÁÁ SedgenilobiT rTulia,

Seicavs iiii (> ÁÁÁÁ ) nawilaks, romelic qarTuli -cacacaca nawilakis badalia;),

Tumca mkvlevari gansxvavebazec saubrobs.

avtors Taviseburebebi, ZiriTadad, qvewyobil winadadebaSi mimar-

TebiTi nacvalsaxelis gamoyenebis dros SeuniSnavs: „mimarTebiTi nacval-

saxelic da misamarTi sityvac brunvaSi Tavis SemasmenelTan arian

Sewyobili, magram iSviaTad dasturdeba SemTxvevebi, rodesac mTavari

winadadebis misamarTi sityva mimarTebiT nacvalsaxels uTanxmdeba brun-

vaSi. es maSin xdeba, rodesac damokidebuli winadadeba mTavris Sigaa

moqceuli, Cveulebriv aseT SemTxvevebSi mTavari winadadebis meore

nawilSi meordeba nacvalsaxeli, romelic brunvaSi Tavis Semasme-

nelTanaa Sewyobili" (1, 145).

aRniSnuli gamokvleva („hipotaqsis wevr-kavSirebi da kavSirebi

svanurSi“), sxva danarCen naSromebTan erTad, sainteresoa imdenad, ram-

- 11 -

denadac masSi detaluradaa ganxiluli svanuris hipotaqsis wevr-

kavSirebi da kavSirebi, yvela SesaZlo dialeqturi variantiTurT.

mniSvnelovania aseve n. abesaZis „brunvaTa sintaqsuri funqciebi

svanurSi qarTulTan mimarTebiT“, romelSic avtori msjelobs svanuris

brunvaTa rigis Sesaxeb (vinaidan samecniero literaturaSi svanuris

brunvaTa Tanmimdevrobis Sesaxeb azrTa sxvadasxvaobaa) da gvTavazobs

miseul brunvaTa rigs: saxelobiTi, micemiTi, moTxrobiTi, viTarebiTi,

moqmedebiTi, naTesaobiTi.

n. abesaZis mosazrebiT, „warmodgenil dalagebaSi aris cda erT-

droulad gamoiyenon morfologiuri, sintaqsuri da etimologiuri

Tvalsazrisi. ...aucilebelia gaviTvaliswinoT brunebis orfuZianoba (xSi-

rad ki samfuZianobac) svanurSi. amitom svanur brunvebs Soris saxelo-

biTs micemiTi unda mosdevdes, rogorc axali fuZis momcemi brunva. amas-

Tanave mas, saxelobiTis msgavsad, SeuZlia gadmosces qvemdebarec da pir-

mimarTi damatebebic. am or brunvas ver davaSorebT moTxrobiTs, rome-

lic maTsaviT qvemdebares gadmoscems, magram, maTgan gansxvavebiT, ar aR-

niSnavs pirmimarT damatebebs. amas garda, samfuZianobis SemTxvevaSi erT-

erT fuZed moTxrobiTic aris gamoyenebuli. amaT Semdeg yvelaze mizan-

Sewonilia jer viTarebiTi brunvis warmodgena, radgan formiT igi

moTxrobiTis msgavsia (roca orive maTgani micemiTis fuZes eyrdnoba da

fleqsiad ----dddd formanti aqvs), funqciiT ki xSirad micemiTs uaxlovdeba.

Semdeg unda daisvas moqmedebiTi, rogorc aseve micemiTis fuZeze dayrd-

nobili brunva, bolos ki naTesaobiTi, romelic wina brunvebisagan gan-

sxvavebiT, amosavlad saxelobiTs an moTxrobiTs iyenebs. amasTanave, moq-

medebiTi da naTesaobiTi funqciuradac axlo dganan erTmaneTTan“ (2, 6).

naSromSi gansakuTrebiT didi adgili uWiravs viTarebiTi brunvis

sintaqsuri funqciis ganxilvas da swored am brunvis warmoebaSi SeuniS-

navs, ZiriTadad, qarTulisgan gansxvavebuli viTarebac.

n. abesaZes Seswavlili aqvs svanuris Serwymuli winadadebebic da

askvnis, rom svanuri, vinaidan, arasaliteraturo enaa, zedmet epiTetebs

gaurbis da iSviaTad gvxvdeba erTgvargansazRvrebiani da erTgvargare-

moebiani winadadebebi; „svanurSi farTod gavrcelebulia erTgvarSemas-

menliani da erTgvarqvemdebariani Serwymuli winadadebebi. SedarebiT

- 12 -

naklebad — erTgvardamatebiani, xolo erTgvargansazRvrebiani da erTg-

vargaremoebiani winadadebebi metad iSviaTad, rac imiT unda aixsnas, rom

svanuri arasaliteraturo enaa da zedmet epiTetebs gaurbis“ (3, 15).

misive dakvirvebiT, erTgvarSemasmenlian winadadebas qarTulisagan

ganasxvavebs usulo sagnis aRmniSvneli qvemdebaris mier Semasmenlis

ricxvSi SeTanxmeba: „erTgvarSemasmenlian Serwymul winadadebaSi sintaq-

suri urTierTobis mxriv savsebiT qarTuliseburi mdgomareoba gvaqvs. is

garemoeba, rom svanuri arasaliteraturo enaa, ganapirobebs mcire gansx-

vavebas usulo sagnis aRmniSvneli qvemdebaris mier Semasmenlis ricxvSi

SeTanxmebis sakiTxSi“ (3, 19).

mkvlevari qarTulisagan sxvaobas meoreulad miiCnevs da enis

ganviTarebis sxvadasxva periodiT xsnis, Tumca erTgvargansazRvrebian

winadadebebSi naTesaobiTi brunvis niSnis nawilobriv mokvecas svanuris

Taviseburebad Tvlis; „saerTod, Serwymulma winadadebebma svanurSi

qarTulis analogiuri suraTi warmogvidgina, oRond ramdenadme gansxva-

vebulia calkeul saxeobaTa gamoyenebis sixSire. erTgvargansazRvrebiani

da erTgvargaremoebiani winadadebebis SedarebiT iSviaTi xmareba damaxa-

siaTebelia arasaliteraturo enisTvis, amave mizeziT unda aixsnas merye-

oba usulo sagnis aRmniSvnel qvemdebareebTan Semasmenlis ricxvSi Se-

Tanxmebis sakiTxSi. toladSerwymul rTul saxelebTan Semasmenlis ric-

xvSi Sewyobis mxriv svanuri agreTve emijneba saliteraturo qarTuls,

magram Zneli ar aris paralelebis daZebna cocxal dialeqtebSi. da bo-

los, naTesaobiTi brunvis niSnis nawilobrivi mokveca erTgvargansazRv-

rebian winadadebebSi svanuri brunebis Taviseburebas miewereba“ (3, 26).

n. abesaZes calke statia aqvs miZRvnili iseTi qvewyobili winada-

debisTvis, romlebic grZnobisa da Tqma–brZanebis gamomxatvel zmnebs

Seicavs. mkvlevris dakvirvebiT, „grZnobisa da Tqma–brZanebis gamomxat-

vel zmnaTa Semcveli qvewyobis dros damokidebul winadadebaSi mimar-

TebiT nacvalsaxelisa da kavSiris garda, SiZleba Segvxvdes mimarTebiTi

zmnizedebi... grZnobisa da Tqma–brZanebis gamomxatvel zmnaTa qvewyobaSi

kiTxviTi mniSvnelobis mqone damokidebuli winadadebebic ixmareba, kiTx-

viTi sityvebi aseT winadadebebSi ar unda miviCnioT sakavSirebel saSu-

- 13 -

alebebad, isini mxolod damokidebuli winadadebis kiTxviTobas

gadmoscemen“ (4, 15–16).

avtorma yuradReba miaqcia da calke jgufad gamoyo subieqtis gan-

wyobis gamomxatveli zmnebis Semcveli winadadebebi: „... aq SesaZlebelia

rogorc kavSiriani, ise ukavSiro SeerTeba. sakavSirebel saSvalebebad

SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos mxolod maqvemdebarebeli kavSirebi, rac am

tipis winadadebebs ganasxvavebs aramarto damatebiTi damokidebuli, ara-

med „metyveleba wris“ zmnebis Semcveli qvewyobili winadadebebisagan“ (4,

17).

svanuris sintaqsis sakiTxebi ganxilulia i. CantlaZis monografi-

aSi „qarTvelologiuri Ziebani“, sadac gamowvlilviTaa ganxiluli atri-

butuli msazRvrelis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis sakiTxebi svanurTan erTad

sxva qarTvelur enebSi.

aRniSnul naSromSi, msazRvrel–sazRvrulis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis

kvlevisas sakmaod didi yuradReba eTmoba Zveli svanuri xalxuri

simRerebis enas da mkvlevari daaskvnis, rom: „svanuri enis ganviTarebis

garkveul safexurze atributul msazRvrelTan TandaTanobiT moiSala

ricxvSi STanxmeba... SeTanxmebuli formebi pirvelad prepoziciur wyoba-

Si gaCnda“ (48, 221).

sakiTxi „sxvaTa sityva svanurSi“ avtors svanuris oTxive di-

aleqtis mixedviT aqvs Seswavlili da ganxiluli, romelSic gamoTqmu-

lia varaudi, rom nawilakovani sxvisi naTqvamis Ι da ΙΙ pirSi warmodgena

svanurisaTvis gviandeli movlena unda iyos „...vfiqrobT, rom amgvari ram

svanurisaTvis SedarebiT ufro gviandelia, meoreulia da qarTul

enasTan kontaqtiT unda aixsnas“ (48, 227).

sintaqsis sakiTxTa ganxilvis dros garkveuli yuradReba eTmoba

xolme msazRvrel-sazRvrulis kategorias. swored aRniSnul sakiTxs

exeba m. naWyebias monografia „msazRvrel-sazRvrulis urTierToba qar-

Tvelur enebSi“.

naSromSi ganxiluli masalis safuZvelze avtori askvnis, rom

„msazRvrel-sazRvrulis sintaqsuri urTierTobisas istoriuli ganviTa-

rebis sxvadasxva etapze samsave enas saerTo kanonzomiereba axasiaTebda.

amasTanave, maT moepovebaT zogierTi Tavisebureba, risi mizezic mTis

- 14 -

kavkasiur enebTan kontaqti (svanuri), umwerlobo enebis SeuzRudveli

ganviTareba Tu samwerlobo qarTulis normaTa stabiluroba unda iyos.

magram Tanamedrove qarTul enaSi, megrul-Wanursa da svanurSi SeimCneva

am sakiTxSi arsebuli sxvadasxvaobis TandaTanobiT gaqrobis tendencia“.

aRmoCnda, rom msazRvrelis sazRvrulTan SeTanxmebis formebi

qarTvelur enebSi erTnairi ar aris. Zv. qarTulSi msazRvrelic da

sazRvrulic erTnairad ibruneboda, Tanamedrove qarTulSi dawyebulia

msazRvreli saxelis brunvis niSnis gamartiveba, xolo megrul-Wanursa

da svanurSi es procesi dasrulebulia.

gamokvlevaSi, iTvaliswinebs ra samecniero literaturaSi gamoTq-

mul mosazrebebs, Tavadac Tvlis, rom „Zv. qarTulisagan gansxvavebiT, at-

ributul msazRvrels sazRvrulis mimarT Tanamedrove saliteraturo

qarTulSi, zanursa da svanurSi prepoziciuli wyoba axasiaTebs“ (28, 181).

svanuris sintaqsis rTul sakiTxTa kvlevaSi garkveuli sinaTle

Seitana a. kiziriam. aRsaniSnavia statiebi: „qvemdebaris brunvaTa mimarTe-

ba qarTvelur enebSi“ „viTarebis garemoebis gamoxatvis saSualebani qar-

Tvelur enebSi“ da monografia „martivi winadadebis Sedgeniloba

qarTvelur enebSi“.

am ukanasknelSi qarTulTan da zanurTan mimarTebaSi gamowv-

lilviTaa ganxiluli svanuris masala. avtoris TvalsazrisiT, Sesityve-

ba da winadadeba erTmaneTs ar upirispirdeba da naSromic Ciqobavaseuli

principiTaa Sedgenili, rom „winadadeba aris erT-erTi saxis Sesityveba“.

gamokvlevaSi, qarTul-zanur-svanuris sintaqsur movlenaTa Seswav-

lisas, gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eTmoba calkeul sakiTxTa Tavisebure-

bebs, radganac erTnairi viTarebis gverdiT SeiniSneba garkveuli

gansxvavebebic.

ganixilavs ra Sesityvebis yvela SesaZlo variants, askvnis, rom „

qarTvelur enebSi Sesityvebis principebi saerToa, gansxvaveba igrZnoba

gamoxatvis saSualebebSi“ (23, 60).

ganxilul naSromTa analizis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom

sxva qarTvelur enebTan msgavsebis miuxedavad svanur sintaqsSi calkeul

sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT garkveuli sxvaobebi SeiniSneba, sxvaobaTa

mravalferovneba dialeqturi nairsaxeobebiTacaa gamowveuli.

- 15 -

zemoT CamoTvlil mkvlevarTa mier gamoqveynebuli naSromebisa da

Rvawlis miuxedavad, kidev mravali sakiTxia sakvlevi svanurSi da, aqedan

gamomdinare, svanuri sintaqsis sakiTxebis Seswavla aucilebelia.

TaviTaviTaviTavi I I I I

sintaqsurisintaqsurisintaqsurisintaqsuri SekavSirebisSekavSirebisSekavSirebisSekavSirebis saxeebisaxeebisaxeebisaxeebi

§ 1. § 1. § 1. § 1. SesityvebaSesityvebaSesityvebaSesityveba. . . . Sesityvebis sakiTxis mecnieruli Seswavla iwyeba

meoce saukunis ociani wlebidan, rodesac gamoqveynda arn. Ciqobavas

vrceli monografia „martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi“ da

werilebis seria „ra Tavisebureba axasiaTebs qarTuli enis agebulebas“.

Sesityveba warmoadgens martiv sintaqsur erTeuls da moicavs sin-

taqsurad Sewyobil or an met srulmniSvnelovan sityvas (23, 3).

Sesityvebas qmnis sityvaTa Soris damokidebuleba. es damoki-

debuleba sul mcire or sityvas gulisxmobs, romelTagan erTi mTavaria,

gabatonebulia, meore masze damokidebuli. sityvaTa Soris damoki-

debuleba SeiZleba gamoixatos sxvadasxva saSualebiT. esenia: sityvaTa

forma, sityvaTa adgilmdebareoba, sityvaTa intonacia. ...SesityvebaSi

Semavali sityvebi erTmaneTis mimarT ar arian Tanabarni: erTi gaba-

tonebulia, dominantia, meore ki masze damokidebulia, dependentia. maTi

urTierTobiT gvaqvs SeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmeba, marTvamarTvamarTvamarTva da mirTvamirTvamirTvamirTva (52, 113-115).

svanurSi, iseve, rogorc sxva qarTvelur enebSi, Sesityveba

Sedgenilobis mixedviT SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva saxis: masSi SeiZleba

Sediodes uformo sityva da saxeli (ÛÖÊÓ ÄÜáêæ `gzas iqiT"; ËÉÝ ÜÖØæêÍ

`wyals iqiT"...), uformo sityva da zmna (ÓÂæÄÁÉÍ ÏÈÑÏÙæÃÀ `win gauZRva";

ËêÈ ËÏÂæÌÖÛÂæÒêÍá `guSin gvestumrnen"; ÑÉØêÍÈÄ ÀÜÀÃá `zeviT avidnen"...)

saxeli da zmna (ÁÏ×ÛÀÒ ÄÓàÏÌÄáÁÏ×ÛÀÒ ÄÓàÏÌÄáÁÏ×ÛÀÒ ÄÓàÏÌÄáÁÏ×ÛÀÒ ÄÓàÏÌÄá `bavSvebi mirbian"; ÙÖÍîË ÉÁËÀá `boCola

Zovs"; ÈæÄ× ÀÃÊæêÒ `Tofi gaisrola"...).

§ 2. § 2. § 2. § 2. SeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmebaSeTanxmeba. SeTanxmeba hqvia sityvaTa sintaqsuri urTierTobis

iseT saxes, roca daqvemdebarebuli sityva im formas iRebs, romelic aqvs

mTavar, wamyvan sityvas.

SeTanxmebisaTvis aucilebelia, rom erTmaneTTan sintaqsur kavSir-

Si myof sityvebs saziaro gramatikuli kategoria hqondeT.

- 16 -

svanurSi, qarTulis msgavsad, gvaqvs SeTanxmebis Semdegi saxeebi:

1. SeTanxmeba saxelsa da zmnas Soris anu saxeli iTanxmebs zmnas

ricxvSi (ÃìÍíËÀÒ ÉßæìËêËá (Col.) `gogoebi Txovdebian". am SesityvebaSi

zmnis ÉßæìËêËá mravlobiTobas gansazRvravs saxelis mravlobiTis

forma);

2. SeTanxmeba saxelisa saxelTan brunvaSi (äÄÝÄÒ ÌÄÓÔÉðÛ ÒðÎÏÍÉÛ

ÄÛáÖ ÌÀÜÄÍÀÌÈÄÛ âÄæ ËÉ (bq.) `eceri mestiis raionis erT-erTi saukeTeso

xevia", ÌÄÓÔÉðÛ ÒðÎÏÍÉÛ `mestiis raionis~).

svanurSi Zv. qarTulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli saxelis saxelTan

ricxvSi SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi (romlisaniromlisaniromlisaniromlisani sityvanisityvanisityvanisityvani............) ar gvxvdeba.

sityvaTa SekavSirebis saxeebi svanurSi dadgenilia v. Tofurias

mier. igi wers „SemTanxmebeliaSemTanxmebeliaSemTanxmebeliaSemTanxmebelia: 1. realuri qvemdebare Semasmenlisa

ricxvSi, 2. realuri O (pirdapiri da iribi) I da II pirisa Semasmenlisa

ricxvSi, O² im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Semasmeneli S-Tan ar aris SeTanxmebuli,

3. qvemdebare, damateba (yvela saxisa) da garemoeba (agreTve yvela saxisa)

gansazRvrebisa brunvaSi. SeTanxmebuliaSeTanxmebuliaSeTanxmebuliaSeTanxmebulia: 1. Semasmeneli qvemdebaresTan

ricxvSi, 2. Semasmeneli damatebasTan (pirdapirTan, iribTan), 3. gansazR-

vreba qvemdebaresTan, damatebasTan, arsebiTi saxeliT warmodgenil gare-

moebasTan. SeniSvnaSeniSvnaSeniSvnaSeniSvna. . . . Semasmeneli meore piris damatebasTan pirobiTad

aris SeTanxmebuli“ (13, 277).

ganvixiloT SeTanxmebis TiToeuli SemTxveva ufro dawvrilebiT....

subieqtTan erTad Sesityvebas qmnis yvela saxis zmna: erTpiriani,

orpiriani, sampiriani, xolo obieqtTan – orpiriani da sampiriani zmna:

erT SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs brunvacvalebadi obieqti da orpiriani da

sampiriani zmna, meore SemTxvevaSi – brunvaucvleli obieqti da

gardauvali orpiriani an gardamavali sampiriani zmna.

I da II piris aRmniSvneli subieqti yovelTvis iTanxmebs zmnas

ricxvSi (ÍÀÎ ÏÍÙîÒÃÀà ËÀÌÔæÀÒêËÖÛ (Col.) `Cven movdiodiT naTebiT";

ÍÀÌÉÓæ ËÏØ ÀÍâÉÃà ÓÄÒ ÓÂðÎ! (saydr.) `namusi moitaneTo (`iqonieTo") Tqven!".),

III pirisa ki maSin, roca sulier sagans aRniSnavs (ÒÀàáðÍ ÀÍÙéÒÃÀá ÖÛÂæËÀ

ÂÆêæÒðÒ (bz., svan. proz. teqst., 366,32) `raWidan modiodnen uSgulis

mgzavrebi";), an usuloa, magram sulieris Tviseba aqvs, personifi-

- 17 -

cirebulia, aqtiuradaa warmodgenili (ØÏÒðË ÉÙÒëÍßÉÄËá (Col.) `saxlebi

qanaoben"; ÆÄØÀÒ É×ÒÉá `SeSebi xmebian") (amaze vrclad qvemoT vimsjelebT).

orpirian gardauval zmnas ori saxeli ukavSirdeba: saxelobiTSi

dasmuli subieqti da micemiTSi dasmuli obieqti. rogorc a. kiziria

miuTiTebs, „ramdenadme gansxvavebulia ricxvSi SeTanxmebis formebi:

subieqti iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi da mravlobiTi ricxvis niSnebi

warmodgenilia ----dddd (I da II p.) da ----xxxx afiqsebiT, obieqtis mravlobiToba ki

ggggæ (I p.) da ----xxxx (II da III p.) afiqsebiT: ÄÜØÀÓ ÆÖÒÀË ÂÖà ÀÍâÀà ËÄËðÔÉ ËÉâÄÃÓ

(bz., svan. proz. teqst., 262,28) `maSin qali mixvda sayvarlis mosvlas";

áÄËßÉ×ÄÓ áÏÒÃÀ ÎÏÒÉ ÍÀÙæÑÖÒ (bq., svan. qrest., 87, 21) `xelmwifes hyavda

ori vaJi" (23, 33).

orpiriani gardamavali zmna svanurSi, qarTulis msgavsad,

brunvacvalebad subieqtsa da obieqts moiTxovs: I seriis zmnebTan

subieqti saxelobiT brunvaSia, obieqti micemiTSi; II seriis zmnebTan

subieqti moTxrobiTSia, obieqti saxelobiT brunvaSi; III seriis zmnebTan

subieqti micemiT brunvaSia, obieqti – saxelobiTSi.

zmnis ricxvSi SeTanxmebis unari aqvs subieqtsac da obieqtsac, Tu

obieqti I an II pirSia (ÉÓÂæÉ ËÉÊÉÈÀæêË ÍÀÎ ÜÉÂÀÒ ÙÏÛÔ ÂÖ----ÔáÄ (Col.) `Seni

fxukianoba Cven yovelTvis ukan gvabrunebs" – brunvacvalebadi obieqti

iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi; ËÄÆÏÁìËÀÒÓ ÄÒ ÄÓÎðÌ ÀÓÚÉ ÜÉÂÀÒÙÀË Âæ----êæÃÉ ÍÀÎ

(Col.) `saWmelebs Tu rames akeTebs yovelTvis gvaZlevs Cven" aq

brunvaucvleli obieqti iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi).

„I obieqtis mravlobiTi ricxvis niSani ggggæ (// (// (// (// nnnn), ), ), ), II pirisa ----xxxx

sufiqsi, III pirisa ki im SemTxvevaSi dairTavs xxxx bolosarTs, roca mice-

miT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli, enis TvalsazrisiT aramoqmedi, obieqti

sinamdvileSi moqmed subieqts warmoadgens“ (23, gv. 39).

svanuris yvela dialeqti obieqtis mravlobiTobis gamosaxatavad

iyenebs ----óËóËóËóË----ÉÉÉÉ (bz. ÀÍÚ-óË----É `acxobs"), ----ðË----É (bqv. ÀÍÚ----ðË----É), ----ÀË----É (lnt. ÀÍðÚ-ÀË----

É), -êË----É (lSx. Col. ÀÍÚ-êË----ÉÉÉÉ) afiqss. a. kizirias da T. SaraZeniZis

TvalsazrisiT, svanuris obieqtis amgvari gamoxatva ar hgavs Zv. qarTuli-

sas: „Zv. qarTulSi iTanxmebda saxelobiTSi dasmuli obieqti, romelsac

obieqtis mr. ricxvis aRsaniSnavad hqonda nnnn niSani, svanurSi ki CamoTvli-

- 18 -

li afiqsebi gvxvdeba nakvTTa samsave jgufSi... mimReobebTan mr. ricxvis

aRsaniSnavad da mravalgzisobis gamomxatvel zmnebTan“ (23, 37).

sampirian zmnas sami saxeli axlavs, brunvacvalebadi subieqti da

brunvacvalebadi obieqti da brunvaucvleli (micemiTSi dasmuli) obieq-

ti. subieqti I seriis zmnebTan saxelobiTSia (mag., ÌÀáÄ ÈÄÒÙËÀ ÍêÈÉÀÒÓ

ËÄØæÄÒßÉË ÔÏÒÔÓ áÏÍÚÉ (Col.) `axali rZali naTesavebs saqorwino torts

ucxobs"), II seriis zmnebTan moTxrobiTSi (ÈÄÒÙËÀà ÏáÍÀÚÄ `rZalma gamo-

ucxo") da III seriis zmnebTan micemiT brunvaSi (ÈÄÒÙËÀÓ ÏáÍÀÚÀ `rZals

gamoucxvia"). pirdapiri obieqti I seriis zmnebTan micemiTi brunviT

gadmoicema (ÌÄÜÉ ÆÖÒêËíËÓ ËÀÒÔÀÌÓ áÏÁÀÒÀæÉ (lSx.) `moxuc qals bostans

ubaravs"), xolo II da III seriis zmnebTan saxelobiT brunvaSi gvxvdeba

(ËÀÒÔÀÌ ÏáÁÀÒÀæÄ `bostani daubara"; ËÀÒÔÀÌ ÏáÁÀÒÀæÀ `bostani da-

ubaria"). iribi obieqti brunvaucvlelia da yovelTvis micemiT brunvaSi

gvevlineba (ÁÀÁÀ ÌÄÎðÃÙÀË ËéÈÉÛ æÉÓÊîËÀÒÓ áÏÛáæÍÉ ÃÀÃÀÓ (Col.) `babua

yovelTvis narCev vaSlebs unaxavs bebos"; ÏÈÛáÖÍÄ ÃÀÃÀÓ `Seunaxa bebos"

da a. S.).

winadadebaSi orive obieqti Tua warmodgenili (e. i. zmna Tu

gardamavalia) zmna-Semasmenels iTanxmebs erT-erTi: an brunvacvalebadi,

an brunvaucvleli damateba. I piri damateba yovelTvis iTanxmebs Semas-

menels: II piri damateba maSin iTanxmebs Semasmenels, roca is mxolobiT

ricxvSia, anu qvemdebaresTan araa SeTanxmebuli mr. ricxvSi: III piri

damateba formalurad ver iTanxmebs ricxvSi: ×ÀÖÓ ÂæÀÓßÉ ÄãÉ ÍÀÎ (Col.)

`joxs gvirtyams is Cven"; ãÀÙÞÉÍÄá ÄãÉ ÓÂÀÎ (lSx) `gabezRebT is Tqven",

magram ãÀÙÞÉÍÄá ÄãÎðÒ ÓÂÀÎ / ÓÉ `gabezReben isini Tqven / Sen", ÀÙÞÉÍÄ ÄãÉ

ÄãÎðÒÓ `abezRebs is maT".

svanurSi, qarTulis msgavsad III seriaSi brunvaucvleli obieqti

pirmiumarTav damatebad iqceva da nanaTesaobiTar viTarebiTSi daismis,

xolo laSxursa da ColurulSi paralelurad, xSir SemTxvevaSi mxo-

lod viTarebiT brunvaSi gvxvdeba nanaTesaobiTari viTarebiTis seman-

tikiT. mag.:

ÙæÀÑÀÒÓ áÀÌÉ ËÀÚæ×À ÍÉÝÓ áÏ×ìÍÄ (lSx.) `kacebs Roris dasaklav

(`gasaput") wyals uduRebs"

- 19 -

ÙæÀÑÀÒ----ÄÛ----Ã|ÙæÀÑÀÒ----à áÀÌÉ ËÀÚæ×À ÍÉÝ Ïá×ìÍÀ `kacebisTvis Roris

dasaklavi wyali auduRebia"

ÌêÍÊæÉ ÂÄÆÀËÓ ÀÊÀæÀÍÓ áÏÜÀ ÌÀÌÀ áÏÔêÁÄ (Col.) `pirvel Svils akvans

kargi mama ukeTebs (`gamouTlis")"

ÌêÍÊæÉ ÂÄÆË----ÀÛ----Ã|ÂÄÆÀË----à ÀÊÀæÀÍ áÏÜÀ ÌÀÌÀÓ ÏáÔêÁÀ `pirveli SvilisTvis

akvani karg mamas gamouTlia"...

qarTvelur enebSi, rogorc cnobilia, gvaqvs saxelis saxelTan

SeTanxmebis SemTxvevebi. saxeluri Sesityveba gulisxmobs msazRvrel

sazRvrulis urTierTobas.

„SeTanxmebuli saxeli an formiTac imave brunvaSi dgas, raSic

sazRvruli, an ivaraudeba imave brunvaSi. qarTulSi boloTanxmovniani

saxeli amJamadac eTanxmeba sazRvruls brunvebSi da zogjer imave niS-

nebsac irTavs, rasac sazRvruli. Zv. qarTulSi sul misdevda. svanurSi

aseTi SeTanxmeba Cans zogierT zedsarTav, ricxviT da nacvalsaxelTan:

gansakuTrebiT es SeTanxmeba SesaZlebelia kuTvnilebiT da CvenebiT

nacvalsaxelebTan, -eeee-ze dasrulebul zedsarTav da ricxviT saxelebTan

da gaqvavebul SedarebiT xarisxebTan: xoCaxoCaxoCaxoCa, xolaxolaxolaxola... isic iqcevs yuradRe-

bas, rom gansazRvrebas saxelobiTSi sxva forma aqvs da danarCen brun-

vebSi – sxva- erTnairi (ÈæÄÈÍÄ âðÍ `TeTri xari"; ÈæÄÈÍÀ/êÌ âðÍà `TeTrma

xarma"...). mravlobiT ricxvSi SeTanxmeba ar aris, rogorc es Tanamedrove

qarTulSia: ÁéÂÉ ÌêÒóË `magari kacebi"; ÃÀÌÁÀË àæðÃðÒ `dabali kedlebi"...

sxva brunvebSi igivea, rac mxolobiTSi" (13, 273).

„g. rozenidan moyolebuli dRemde svanuris Sesaxeb arsebul grama-

tikul literaturaSi aRniSnulia, rom prepoziciuli boloTanxmovniani

msazRvreli sazRvrulTan urTierTobisas ucvlelia brunvaSi (28, 48-49).

unda aRiniSnos, rom svanuris yvela dialeqtSi, prepoziciur

boloTanxmovnian saxelTa msgavsad ucvlelia iiii, oooo, uuuu, xmovnebze dabo-

loebuli msazRvreli saxelebic:

ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ `rbili muxli“, ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û `Txupnia bavSvi“

ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-à ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-Ã

ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-Ó ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-Ó

ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-Û ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-ÉÛ

ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-æÛ ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-æÛ

- 20 -

ÈÏÚÉ ÙÖËÀÎ-à ÏËÃÏ-ÁÏËÃÏ ÁÄ×Û-Ã

àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ `amousvleli puri“

àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ-Ã

àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ-Ó

àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ-ÉÛ

àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒ-æÛ

àîÒÖ ÃÉÀÒÃ

cnobilia, rom -aaaa, -eeee xmovnebze daboloebuli msazRvrelebi ramde-

nadme ibrunvian, vinaidan erTi forma aqvT saxelobiTSi, meore ki

micemiTSi, mag.: sax. xoCaxoCaxoCaxoCa qor „kargi saxli“, TveTneTveTneTveTneTveTne koj „TeTri klde“,

moTxr. xoCamxoCamxoCamxoCam qord `kargma saxlma", TTTTææææeTnemeTnemeTnemeTnem kojd `TeTrma kldem" da

sxv.

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom „xSir Sem-

TxvevaSi mmmm fleqsia ikargeba da moTxrobiTsa da momdevno brunvebSi aaaa

daboloebiani micemiTis fuZe batondeba. gvaqvs paraleluri formebi xoxoxoxo----

CamCamCamCam qord||xoCaxoCaxoCaxoCa qord, TTTTææææeTnameTnameTnameTnam kojs||TTTTææææeTnaeTnaeTnaeTna kojs. am paraleluri for-

mebidan kodoris xeobis svanur soflebSi ugamonaklisod gatarebulia aaaa

daboloebiani micemiTis fuZe, mmmm fleqsia ki dakargulia“ (28, 49).

analogiuri viTareba dasturdeba qvemosvanur dialeqtebSi, maT

Soris ColurulSic, sada aaaa daboloebiani micemiTis fuZe dasturdeba

(meSxameSxameSxameSxa JeRd, maxamaxamaxamaxa qord), Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom upiratesoba eniWeba

eeee xmovnian brunvis formebs (meSxemeSxemeSxemeSxe JeRd, maxemaxemaxemaxe qord).

rac Seexeba substantiur prepoziciur msazRvrels svanurSi, igi

qvemosvanur dialeqtebsa da ColurulSi brunvisniSniseuli Tanxmovnis (-

SSSS-s) gareSe dasturdeba (amsamsamsamsæaldaldaldald-aaaa Sgæir „adamianis sircxvili“, WaSWaSWaSWaS-iiii

nazgêl „qmris naSromi“, Sdr.: amsæald-aS „adamianis“, WaS-iS „qmris“),

gansxvavebiT zemosvanuri dialeqtebisagan, sadac (balszemourSi iSvi-

aTad, balsqvemourSi xSirad) msazRvrels naTesaobiTis niSani srulad

aqvs SenarCunebuli.

svanurSic, sxva qarTveluri enebis msgavsad, dasturdeba naTe-

saobiTSi dasmuli saxelis postpozicia. msazRvreli aseT SemTxvevaSi

brunvis niSans irTavs da marTul-SeTanxmebuli xdeba. mag.:

- 21 -

ØÀ ÌÀàÊæÒÄ ËÖÓÃÂæðÒÓ æÏØæÒðÛ (bz.) `momWris nawnavebs oqrosas"

ËÀÎÒÀÚÉÓ ÀÌêÒÄá æÉÓÊæÉÛÓ (Col.) `saarayes amzadeben vaSlisas"...

svanurisaTvis postpoziciuri wyoba rom ucxo ar iyo, amas poeziac

mowmobs, kerZod „gvaqvs Sto-gvaridan warmomavlobis aRmniSvneli zed-

sarTavebi, romlebic poeziis nimuSebSi postpoziciuri wyobiT aris

warmodgenili“ (48, 126).

§ 3. § 3. § 3. § 3. marTvamarTvamarTvamarTva. marTva hqvia sityvaTa iseT sintaqsur damokidebulebas,

rodesac gabatonebuli sityva moiTxovs damokidebulisgan iseT formas,

romelic mas an TviTon ara aqvs am momentSi an arc SeiZleba hqondes

saerTod (arn. Ciqobava).

gvaqvs marTvis Semdegi SemTxvevebi: 1. marTva saxelsa da zmnas

Soris: saxeli marTavs (e. i. moiTxovs) zmnas pirSi; 2. marTva zmnasa da

saxels Soris: zmna marTavs (moiTxovs) saxels brunvaSi, da 3. marTva

uformo sityvasa, nawilaksa (Tandebulsa) da saxels Soris. Sesabamisad

gamoiyofa mmmmmarTvelimarTvelimarTvelimarTveli: 1. qvemdebare, subieqti Semasmenlisa, 2. pirdapiri

da iribi damateba Semasmenlisa pirSi, 3. Semasmeneli qvemdebarisa da

damatebebisa brunvaSi, 4. uformo sityva ubralo damatebisa da garemo-

ebisa brunvaSi. marTuliamarTuliamarTuliamarTulia: 1. qvemdebare da damateba (yvela saxisa)

Semasmenlis mier brunvaSi, 2. Semasmeneli qvemdebarisa da pirdapiri da

iribi damatebebis mier pirSi, da 3. ubralo damateba da garemoeba

uformo sityvis mier brunvaSi.

marTvis mxriv svanurSi sruliad qarTuliseburi mdgomareoba

gvaqvs (13, 266).

SesityvebaSi – WWWWyintyintyintyint asxlaasxlaasxlaasxlaææææiiii `biWi sxlavs" WyintWyintWyintWyint –saxeli marTu-

lia zmnis mier saxelobiT brunvaSi, zmna rom sxva seriaSi gadaviyvanoT,

igi saxels sxva brunvaSi moiTxovs: WyintWyintWyintWyint----dddd adsxalæe `biWma gasxla",

WyintsWyintsWyintsWyints oTsxalæa `biWs gausxlavs". e. i am SemTxvevaSi saxelis forma

damokidebulia zmnis formaze, zmnam masTan SesityvebaSi myofi wevrisgan

moiTxova is forma (brunvis kategoria), romelic mas saerTod ar gaaCnia.

SesityvebaSi _ mezmezmezmezæbelibelibelibeli muSkmuSkmuSkmuSkæralralralral `mezoblis stumrebi" mTavari

sityvaa muSkmuSkmuSkmuSkæralralralral „stumrebi“, mezmezmezmezæbelibelibelibeli „mezoblis“ ki maszea damoki-

debuli. sityvam muSkmuSkmuSkmuSkæralralralral rom brunva icvalos, damokidebuli (mezmezmezmezæbebebebe----

- 22 -

lililili) mainc naesaobiT brunvaSi darCeba: mezæbeli muSkæral-dddd, mezæbeli

muSkæral-ssss, mezæbeli muSkæral-æSSSS... maSasadame, mTavari sityva

damokidebuls moiTxovs (marTavs) naTesaobiT brunvaSi.

SesityvebaSi Semaval sityvaTa daqvemdebareba SeiZleba iyos calm-

xrivi da saurTierTo. calmxriviacalmxriviacalmxriviacalmxrivia daqvemdebarebadaqvemdebarebadaqvemdebarebadaqvemdebareba, rodesac wyvilis

calTagan erTi gabatonebulia, meore – daqvemdebarebuli. daqvemdeba-

rebuli ver axdens gavlenas pirvelis formaze: nnnnêTuaraleTuaraleTuaraleTuarale qorqorqorqor

„naTesavebis saxli“, aq daqvemdebarebuli sityva nnnnêTuaraleTuaraleTuaraleTuarale ver axdens

gavlenas gabatonebuli sityvis – qorqorqorqor-is formaze.

saurTierToasaurTierToasaurTierToasaurTierToa daqvemdebarebadaqvemdebarebadaqvemdebarebadaqvemdebareba, rodesac SesityvebaSi Semavali

wevrebi erTmaneTze axdenen gavlenas. isini erTmaneTis mimarT damqvem-

debareblebic arian da daqvemdebarebulebic. saurTierTosaurTierTosaurTierTosaurTierTo Cveulebriv

aris marTvamarTvamarTvamarTva. saanalizod aviRoT ori sintagma: meCimeCimeCimeCiílarlarlarlar ababababërgexrgexrgexrgex

`moxucebi Toxnian" da meCimeCimeCimeCiílardlardlardlard adbadbadbadbërgexrgexrgexrgex `moxucebma daToxnes". pirvel

SesityvebaSi saxeli meCimeCimeCimeCiílarlarlarlar iTanxmebs zmnas (ababababërgexrgexrgexrgex) mr. ricxvSi da

marTavs mesame pirSi. da, piriqiT, zmna ababababërgexrgexrgexrgex marTavs saxels (meCimeCimeCimeCi----

ílarlarlarlar) saxelobiT brunvaSi. asevea meore SemTxvevaSic (meCimeCimeCimeCiílardlardlardlard

adbadbadbadbërgexrgexrgexrgex), oRond, pirveli wyvilisgan gansxvavebiT, saxeli zmnis mier

marTulia moTxrobiT brunvaSi.

rogorc samecniero literaturaSi miuTiTeben, „saurTierTo marTva

gvaqvs winadadebis mTavar wevrTa Soris, calmxrivi ki mTavarsa da

aramTavar an TviT aramTavar wevrTa Soris“ (27, 164).

I da II pirian gardauval winadadebaSi qvemdebare saxelobiT brun-

vaSia dasmuli, subieqtis mier zmna-Semasmenlis marTva pirSi calmxrivia,

radgan zmna ver marTavs qvemdebares sxva brunvebSi: (Col.) CuCuCuCu sgsgsgsgîrdardardarda

ejiejiejieji `ijda is", CCCCæesgesgesgesgîrdardardarda ejiejiejieji `dajda is", CCCCæalsguralsguralsguralsgurëlililili ejiejiejieji `damjdara

is"; eji xonÃri ejis `is mihyveba mas", eji loxénÃêr ejis `is gahyva mas",

eji laxénÃrëna / inena ejis `is gahyolia mas"...

gardamaval II da III sampirian zmnebTan, qarTulis msgavsad, marTva

saurTierToa. qvemdebare yvela pirSi marTavs Semasmenels (mag., Ñ'ÏáæÉÊ ÌÉ

ÄãÉ `aviRe me is", Ñ'ÄáÉÊ ÓÉ ÄãÉ `aiRe Sen is", Ñ'ÄÍÊÉà ÄãÍëÌ ÄãÉ `aiRo man is")

da, amave dros qvemdebare imarTvis zmnis mier sam brunvaSi: I seriaSi

saxelobiTSi (áÏÓÚÉ ÌéËéÍÔÄá `ukeTebs lentexeli"), II seriaSi moTxro-

- 23 -

biTSi (ÏáÓÚÄ ÌéËéÍÔÄá-à `gaukeTa lentexelma") da III seriaSi micemiTSi

(ÏáÓÚÀ ÌéËéÍÔÄá-Ó `gaukeTebia lentexels").

rogorc ganxilulma masalam aCvena, svanurSic, qarTulis msgavsad,

zmnebi SeiZleba iyos erTpiriani, orpiriani da sampiriani, romlebTanac

dakavSirebulia saTanado saxeli Tu saxelebi. zmnebisa da saxelebis

sintaqsuri damokidebuleba araerTgvarovania: gardauval zmnasTan subi-

eqti saxelobiTSia, gardamavalTan ki brunvacvalebadi, gvxvdeba sam

(saxelobiT, moTxrobiT da micemiT) brunvaSi. brunvacvalebadi or

(saxelobiT da micemiT) brunvaSia, xolo e. w. iribi obieqti yovelTvis

erT (micemiT) brunvaSi dasturdeba.

aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi zmnasa da masTan dakavSirebul saxelebs

Soris rTuli sintaqsuri urTierToba yalibdeba. orpiriani da sampiri-

ani zmna marTavs masTan sintaqsurad dakavSirebul morfologiuri subi-

eqtisa da morfologiuri obieqtis brunvebs da subieqti da obieqti

marTaven zmnis pirs, amave dros saxeli iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi, e i.

gvaqvs saurTierTo marTva. amgvar SesityvebebSi mxolod mmarTavi da

marTuli wevri ar moipoveba: mmarTavi erTi niSnis mixedviT marTulia

meore wevris mier sxva niSnis mixedviT: zmna marTavs saxelis brunvas,

magram misi piri imarTvis saxelisagan, zmnis ricxvis formac ganpi-

robebulia saxelis mier.

arn. Ciqobavam naSromSi „martivi winadadebis problema qarTulSi“

ganixila yvela SesaZlo kombinacia da zmnisa da saxelebis aseT urTi-

erTobas uwoda koordinacia: „am rTul sintaqsur urTierTobas, am

saurTierTosaurTierTosaurTierTosaurTierTo marTvasmarTvasmarTvasmarTvas, vuwodebT koordinacias. relatiurrelatiurrelatiurrelatiur gardamavalgardamavalgardamavalgardamaval----

zmnianizmnianizmnianizmniani winadadebiswinadadebiswinadadebiswinadadebis meqanizmsmeqanizmsmeqanizmsmeqanizms qmnisqmnisqmnisqmnis koordinaciakoordinaciakoordinaciakoordinacia (da ara ubralo marTva)“

(52, 215).

avtorma amave naSromSi, SesityvebaSi sintaqsuri siZlieris

mixedviT gamoyo „SemasmeneliSemasmeneliSemasmeneliSemasmeneli – mekoordinacie zmna; koordinaciis Zafebi

masSi iyris Tavs; amdenadve igia koordinaciis centri, ZiriTadiZiriTadiZiriTadiZiriTadi

koordinatikoordinatikoordinatikoordinati; 2. didididididididi koordinatikoordinatikoordinatikoordinati (saxeli, romelic imarTvis brunvaSi

Semasmenel-zmnis mier, marTavs Semasmenels pirSi da iTanxmebs orive

ricxvSi); 3. mciremciremciremcire koordinatikoordinatikoordinatikoordinati (saxeli, romelic imarTvis brunvaSi

Semasmenel-zmnis mier, marTavs Semasmenels pirSi, magram iTanxmebs

- 24 -

mravlobiT ricxvSi; 4. umciresiumciresiumciresiumciresi koordinatikoordinatikoordinatikoordinati (saxeli, romelic imarTvis

brunvaSi Semasmenel-zmnis mier, iTanxmebs zmnas ricxvSi, magram ver

marTavs pirSi)“ (52, 219).

§ 4. mirTvamirTvamirTvamirTva. . . . `sityva, romelic mierTvis sxva sityvas, iwodeba

mirTulad. mirTuli sityva arc eTanxmeba romelsame sityvas, arc imar-

Tvis romelime sityvis mier, igi ase vTqvaT Sesityvebis Tavisufali

wevria. misi arseboba SesityvebaSi gamarTlebulia ara sityvaTa urTi-

erTobiT, aramed azris saWiroebiT" (52, 66).

arn. Ciqobava mirTvas `urTierTobis nol-formad" miiCnevs da

Tvlis, rom SeiZleba igi arc yofiliyo sintaqsSi gansaxilveli, rom ara

erTi garemoeba: `mirTva Soreul kavSirSi imyofeba marTvasTan, mirTva

nulamde dayvanili marTvaa, marTvis dasustebis xaziT mivdivarT

mirTvisaken. am xazze ki SeiZleba Segvxvdes iseTi movlenebi, romelTa

Sesaxeb Znelia Tqma, marTvaa igi Tu mirTva" (52, 120.)

mirTvis wevrebia _ mimrTveli da mirTuli. wamyvani sityva, Cve-

ulebriv, piriani zmnaa, an saxelzmna, xolo mirTulia uformo sityvebi

(zmnisarTebi), agreTve garemoeba, gadmocemuli Tandebuliani saxeliT da

Tandebulis mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli zmnizedebiT.

mirTvaSi, rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ivaraudeba sityvaTa Sinaarsobli-

vi kavSiri da misi gamocnobac advilia im SemTxvevaSi, Tu sintagmaSi

zmnasTan Sewyobilia uformo sityva (garemoeba). am SemTxvevaSi mirTva

udavoa.

rogorc cnobilia, garemoeba gadmoicema Tandebuliani saxelebiTac

(saxursaxursaxursaxuravzeavzeavzeavze avida, sxvenzesxvenzesxvenzesxvenze awyvia) da iseTi saxelebiTac, romelTac

axlavs Tandebulis mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli zmnizedebi (sabZelssabZelssabZelssabZels iqiTiqiTiqiTiqiT

gasZaxa), `am tipis garemoebebic mirTulia zmnasTan, oRond gansxvavebiT

zmnizedebiT gadmocemul garemoebaTagan, aseTi garemoebebi, amave dros

SualobiTSualobiTSualobiTSualobiT marTulimarTulimarTulimarTuli saxelebia. isini imarTvian brunvaSi zmnebis mier

Tandebulebisa da Tandebulad gamoyenebuli zmnizedebis meSveobiT. e.i.

gvaqvs SualobiTi marTva" (27, 163.).

samecniero literaturaSi azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs SemTxvevebi,

rodesac sintagmaSi zmnasTan gvxvdeba Tandebuliani an moqmedebiTi brun-

- 25 -

viT gadmocemuli saxeli `...saqme Wirs TandebulTan da moqm. brunvis

SemTxvevebSi, ukanaskneli forma Cndeba gardamaval da gardauval zmneb-

Tan: mokla TofiTTofiTTofiTTofiT, wavida fexiTfexiTfexiTfexiT... ... ... ... ra vivaraudoT aq: marTva Tu mirTva?

Tu davuSvebT, rom aseT pirobebSi mxolod es brunva SeiZleba iyos da

ara sxva, maSin marTvaa; magram Tu movigonebT, rom gardauvali

erTpiriani zmna marTvis unaris gareSea, maSin mirTva daiSveba da marTva

gamoiricxeba. _ es erTi. meorec: Tandebuliani brunvebi am TvalsazrisiT

nebismierad nawildebian marTulad da mirTulad. Tu mxolod erTi

Tandebuliani brunva unda iyos zmnasTan Tu nazmnar saxelTan da sxva

brunviT misi Secvla ar SeiZleba, maSin marTvaao _ fiqroben; Tu

SeiZleba, maSin mirTvaao _ amboben; mag: xelSixelSixelSixelSi uWiravs, TavSiTavSiTavSiTavSi mouvi-

da…xelSixelSixelSixelSi, TavSiTavSiTavSiTavSi... ... ... ... marTuli gamodis. magram magidasTanmagidasTanmagidasTanmagidasTan dgas _ magidasTanmagidasTanmagidasTanmagidasTan

mirTulia, radganac mas SevcvliT sxva Tandebuliani brunvebiT: magidismagidismagidismagidis

qveSqveSqveSqveS dgas, magidazemagidazemagidazemagidaze dgas…aSkaraa, Tu Tandebuliani forma erT

SemTxvevaSi marTulia, meore SemTxvevaSi ratom unda iyos is mirTuli?

formaSi xom araa gansxvaveba? amas xom ar vityviT brunvebis Sesaxeb?

micemiTi brunvaa yvelgan da yovelTvis marTulia. gamonaklisi ar

SeiZleba iyos. SeiZleba Tqvan: Tandebuliani brunvis xmarebasa da marTu-

lad Tu mis miCnevas zmna gansazRvravso, magram arc es iqneba marTali:

TavSiTavSiTavSiTavSi aqvsaqvsaqvsaqvs, , , , xelSixelSixelSixelSi aqvsaqvsaqvsaqvs... ... ... ... TiTqos idiomaturi Tqmaa, magram amasac vcvliT

da vambobT: xelTxelTxelTxelT aqvs..." (13, 278)

v. Tofurias azriT, `sabolood unda dadgindes sad Tavdeba marTva

da sad iwyeba mirTva. marTvasa da mirTvas Soris unda daidvas zRvari"

da sabolood askvnis, rom yvela Tandebuliani brunva marTulia, Tundac

mas sxva Tandebuliani brunva ar enacvlebodes, xolo Tandebuliani

brunvebi amave dros `mirTulebi arian" (13, 278).

svanuri mirTva, rogorc samecniero literaturidanaa cnobili,

qarTulTan mimarTebaSi arsebiT da principul sxvaobas ar avlens,

gansxvaveba, ZiriTadad, gamoxatvis saSualebebsa da formaTa mravalfe-

rovnebaSi igrZnoba.

cnobilia isic, rom mirTuli sityvebi zmnisarTebiTa da Tandebu-

lebiT gadmoicema, svanuri ki sakmaod mdidaria zmnizedebiTa da

TandebulebiT.

- 26 -

`garemoebis gadmocema zmnizedis ZiriTadi sintaqsuri funqciaa" (19,

129), Tumca garemoeba SeiZleba gadmoices brunviani sityviTac

uTandebulod an Tandebulis darTviT.

iseve, rogorc sxva qarTvelur enebSi, svanurSic agebulebis mixed-

viT gamoiyofa zmnisarTTa ori jgufi; pirveladi (Zireuli anu odin-

deli) da nawarmoebi zmnisarTebi.

odindel zmnisarTebSi `morfologiuri segmentacia (Zireul da

afiqsur morfemaTa gamoyofa) sinqroniuli TvalsazrisiT SeuZlebelia"

(29, 276.).

svanurSi pirvelad zmnisarTTa ricxvi mwiria, esenia eCeeCeeCeeCe `iq", bbbbêzizizizi

`amaRam", llllëTiTiTiTi `wuxel", ladiladiladiladi|llllðdidididi `dRes", mmmméxarxarxarxar||mmmméxxxxðrrrr `xval", lehnalehnalehnalehna (zs.)

leÁleÁleÁleÁnananana (Col.) ||llllënananana|nnnnënananana (lSx.) `SarSan", qqqqðmmmm (bq.) ||qqqqêmmmm (lSx.) ||qqqqómmmm (Col.)

`gareT", surusurusurusuru `metad", uqbouqbouqbouqboæSSSS (Col.) ||uqobouqobouqobouqoboæSSSS (lnt.) `malulad", aTxeaTxeaTxeaTxe

`axla", ddddísgsgsgsg (lSx.) ||ddddísksksksk (Col.) `adre", ajaRajaRajaRajaR (lSx.) ||ajaxajaxajaxajax (Col.) `kidev",

mankmankmankmankæiiii `jer", CiqeCiqeCiqeCiqe `jer"...…

mocemuli garemoebebi sintagmaSi zmna-Semasmenels mirTviT ukav-

Sirdeba:

CiqeCiqeCiqeCiqe sofel iTiSda (bz., svan. qrest., 95) `jer sofeli irCevda"

ÂîÍ ÃÀÒà ÌêÌ ÌêÒ (lSx., iqve, 255) `Zaan ar vdardob"

ÀÛÈØÀ ÍÀÈáæÉÀÒÀÓ ÀÃÂÀÒÉ ÌÀÍÊæÉ (iqve, 253) `make nadirs klavs jer"

ËëÎÍÀ ÏÈÆéÆ (Col.) `SarSan gavagzavne"

ÖØÁíæÛ ÖØÁíæÛ ÖØÁíæÛ ÖØÁíæÛ ÏÈßæìËÄÍ (Col.) `malulad, Cumad gavTxovdi" da a. S.

odindel zmnisarTTa simciris gamo, ena ganviTarebis kvaldakval

sxvadasxva xerxs mimarTavs zmnizedaTa Sesaqmnelad da Sesabamisad nawar-

moebi zmnizedebi miRebulia mravali gziT.

al. oniani svanurSi nawarmoeb zmnizedaTa Semdeg jgufebs gamo-

yofs, 1. afiqsebi, romlebic gamoxatulebis planSi brunvis niSnebs emTx-

veva, 2. afiqsebi, romlebic saxelebSi Tandebulebad iwodeba, 3. afiqsebi,

romlebic mxolod zmnizedebSi dasturdeba... (29, 276).

Cveni dakvirvebiT, aqve unda gamoiyos svanurSi mimReobur formebze

micimiTi brunvis niSnis -anananan-is darTviT miRebuli drois garemoebaTa

jgufi. maT qarTul ekvivalentebs garemoebaTa iseTi semantika aqvT, ro-

melTac Tandebulis mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebuli zmnizedebi axlavT. mag.:

- 27 -

llllé----nboznboznboznboz----anananan `daRamebuls mere|daRamebulze", llllé----marmarmarmar----anananan `gamzadebuls me-

re||gamzadebulze", llllé----llllëTTTT----anananan `daRamebuls mere", llllé----ddddÁÁÁÁarararar----anananan||llllé----ddddìrrrr----anananan

`Wamis Semdeg", llllé----mCmCmCmC----anananan `daberebuls mere", llllé----kkkkêffff----anananan `waqcevis Semdeg",

lulululu----xxxxæìrrrr----anananan `dangrevis Semdeg", llllé----ìrrrr----anananan `daweris Semdeg", llllé----WbidWbidWbidWbid----anananan

`damwyvdevis Semdeg", llllé----tyctyctyctycênnnn----anananan `cemis Semdeg":

ËéÆÂéÒÀÍ ÀÍâÀÃá ÍÉÛÂÄÛðÒ (bq.) `dasrulebis Semdeg movidnen Cvenebi"

ÝæÃà ËÉ ÂêÍÀÒÄ ËÉÔáÄ ËéÔÚÝêÍÀÍ (lSx.) `tyuilia samagieros gadaxda

cemis Semdeg"

ÓÂ'íÈÛÂÄÁÍíË Äã ÂæÄÛÀ ËÖæØÏÁÀÍ, ÎÀÙÏ ÉÌ áæÉÜÌÉÍÀÓ?! (Col.) `Seuvarde-

bodi im saqmis damalvis Semdeg, aba ras vizamdi?!" da misT.

aRniSnuli garemoebebi mirTulia zmna-SemasmenelTan da amasTanave

gvaqvs SualobiTi marTvac.

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebis Tanaxmad, zmni-

zedaTa im jgufis Sesaxeb, romelsac brunvis niSani axlavs azrTa sxva-

dasxvaobaa; mkvlevarTa erTi jgufi mas gaqvavebul brunvis niSnebs uwo-

debs, xolo sakuTriv zmnizedebs _ saxelis gaqvavebul formebs, nawili

ki brunvis niSanTa ubralo damTxvevaze msjelobs (29, 276).

brunvaTagan gamoyenebulia micemiTi, moqmedebiTi da viTarebiTi.

micemiTimicemiTimicemiTimicemiTi brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva:

ÄÜØÀ----Ó ÌÄÈáæÉÀÒÀ ÍÄÁÏÆÓ ÄáàÀÌá ÓÏ×ÄËÓ (lSx., svan. qrest., 251) `maSin

monadireebi saRamos gamoyvnen sofels"

ÛÏÌÀ----Óì ÌÄÊæÀà ÄÜØêæ ÀÌÍÄÁÄà (Col.) `roca mindoda maSin dagenebe-

binaT"

ãíÃÉÀ----Ó ÌÄÌÂéÍêÍ ËÀÝÄÍÃÖËÀ (Col.) `Sors meguleboda sabudari"

ÄÜØÀ----Ó ÓÊ’ðÌÄÜÄÃÄËÉ ØÏÒáÏ (lnt., iqve, 310) `maSin Sesula saxlSi".

moqmedebiTimoqmedebiTimoqmedebiTimoqmedebiTi brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva.:

ËëÈËëÈËëÈËëÈ----æÛæÛæÛæÛ ÖÊæêÒÉÄËÀà ÜæÀÛÚÄà ØÏÒÓ (Col.) `RamiT wanwalis gareSe

(`ugdeblad") daegde saxlSi"

æÄÃ----æÛ ÏÈØêÁÄ ØÀ (lSx.) `Zlivs auara gverdi"

viTarebiTiviTarebiTiviTarebiTiviTarebiTi brunvabrunvabrunvabrunva.:

ÄÜØÀ----à ÄÜÉÓ ËéÌðÆæÄÁËÉá (lnt., svan. qrest., 315) `manamde imas Wamdnen"

ÖÒÈØÌÄË----ÃÃÃà ËêÐÀÒ ÂæÉÄ ËÀáìÐêÒ----à (Col.) `moulodnelad wamoxta,

gulis gasaxeTqad"

- 28 -

ÐÄÐÉÓ ÓÀÜØæÀÒÓì áêæÃÖÃÀá ÀÈáÀÀÈáÀÀÈáÀÀÈáÀ----ÃÃÃà (lSx., iqve., 237) `naTlias saCuqarsac

aZlevdnen aqamde"

aTxelaTxelaTxelaTxel----dddd amJi demeg xemTqunx (bq.) `manamde||aqamde| (`axlad") ase ar

sÜveodaT"

drois aRmniSvnel viTarebiT brunvis niSnian aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd `aqamde" da

eCqaeCqaeCqaeCqa----dddd `manamde" formebs xSir SemTxvevaSi martivi an rTuli Tandebulebi

daerTvis mag.:

aTxelaTxelaTxelaTxel----dddd----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa ali demeg mixalda (bq.) ,,aqamde es ar vicodi"

aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd----nunnunnunnun----enenenenì mawxïn, mare lamæordebïn (Col.) `aqamdec mWirdeboda,

magram momerida”

ime xard aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa?! (Col) `sad iyavi aqamde?!"

aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd----nunnunnunnun||aTxadaTxadaTxadaTxad----nnnnînnnn----enenenen||aTxaaTxaaTxaaTxa----dddd----nunnunnunnun----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa ÏÂæêÃÀ ÄãÎÀÒÄ ÍÀÆéÆ ÊÉÌëÙìË

(Col.) `aqamde gveyo imaTi gamogzavnili yveli (`patara Tavi")"

sakmaod mravalferovan suraTs iZleva al. onianis mier gamoyofili

zmnisarTTa is jgufi, romelic warmoebulia ----inininin (skskskskæebinebinebinebin (lnt.) |sgobinsgobinsgobinsgobin

(lSx. Col.)||sgsgsgsgæebinebinebinebin ( Col.)), xixixixi---- (eCeCeCeC----xixixixi `ufro iqeT", qaqaqaqa----xixixixi `ufro gareT"...),

----nnnn (hamhamhamham----nnnn iiii naboznaboznaboznaboz----nnnn `dilidan saRamomde", JJJJê----nnnn `zeviT"…), -bbbb (----JJJJê----bbbb `zeviT",

CCCCæê----bbbb `qveviT"...), lelelele---- (leqleqleqleqæaaaa `qveviT", lelelele----JaJaJaJa `zeviT"...), -CuCuCuCu (eCeeCeeCeeCe----CuCuCuCu `iq", ameameameame----CuCuCuCu

`aq"...), ----iiii (llllëTTTT----iiii `wuxel", llllðdeRdeRdeRdeR----iiii `dRes"...) mawarmoeblebiT 29, 277-278).

davasaxeloT magaliTebi:

ÄÜÄÜÖ áÏÜÀ ÌêÒÄ ÉÁÍÀ ËìÌÁæóËÓ (bz., svan. qrest., 95) `iq kargi kaci

iwyebda saubars"

ÓÊæÄÁÉÍ áÏÑÄÙæ ÈæÄÈæÄÍÄ ËÄÒÄØæ (lnt., iqve, 306) `win miuZRvis TeTri

samosi"

ËéÂËéËÄ ÊÀÁéËÓ ÌÀ ÓÊæÄÁÉÍÜÖ ÉÒÄØæÀËÃÀ É ÌÀ ÙæÄÛÊÉÌÜÖ (iqve, 323)

`daxeul kabas xan winidan ifaravda da xan uknidan"

ÓÂÏÁÉÍ ËÄÌÄÓ ÂæÀßÖáæÀæÉ, ÙÏÛÂÉÍ ÌéÝáÉ (lSx., svan. qrest., 251) `win

cecxli gvawuxebs, ukan sicive"

ÓÂ’íÈÓÂÉÃÃÀà ÓÂêÍÜÖ É Ü’ÏÓßæëÍÄà ÃÄÛÃæ (iqve, 255.) `CavixedeT SigniT

da davinaxeT daTvi"

ÑêÍ ÏÓßæÄÍ, ÄÓÙïÒÃÀ (Col.) `zeviT davinaxe, midioda"

- 29 -

rogorc cnobilia, svanurSi garemoebaTa didi nawili TandebulTa

mieraa warmoebuli da mirTvis ganxilvis SemTxvevaSi Tandebulebs

gverds ver avuvliT.

svanurSi ganarCeven martiv da rTul Tandebulebs. martivia: ----JiJiJiJi||----JJJJìnnnn

(bz., lnt.) `ze", ----CuCuCuCu (sv.) /----CCCCînnnn (bz., lnt.) `qve", ----isgaisgaisgaisga (zs.) /----iskaiskaiskaiska (lnt.) /----

isaisaisaisa (lSx., Col.) `Si", ----qaqaqaqa `ga", ----TeTeTeTe `-ken, -Si", ----xoxoxoxo (lnt.) `ken", ----SalSalSalSal (bq.,

lnt.) ||SSSSêllll (bz., lSx., Col.) `-viT", ----xxxxðnnnn (bz., lnt.) /xenxenxenxen (bq., lSx., Col.,

lnt.) `dan", ----caxcaxcaxcaxðnnnn (zs., lnt.) /caxancaxancaxancaxan (lSx., Col.) `-Tan", ----nunnunnunnun (lSx.) /----nnnnénnnn

(Col.) `-mde", ----muymuymuymuyæ (bz.) /----mmmméyyyy (sv.) /moymoymoymoy (lnt., lSx., Col.) /miymiymiymiy (bq.) `-Tan", ----

RaRaRaRa (sv.) `Tvis, gamo", ----RoRoRoRo `Semdeg"...

rTuli Tandebulebi miiReba martiv TandebulTa kombinaciiT. am

kombinaciaSi pirveli elementi aris ----TeTeTeTe, an ––––xxxxðnnnn||xanxanxanxan, meore elementi ki _

----JiJiJiJi, ----CuCuCuCu, , , , ----isgaisgaisgaisga, an ----qaqaqaqa, Sedegad vRebulobT rTul TandebulTa or rigs:

1: ----TeJiTeJiTeJiTeJi, ----TeCuTeCuTeCuTeCu, , , , ----TeisgaTeisgaTeisgaTeisga (zs.) /----TeiskaTeiskaTeiskaTeiska (lnt.) /----TTTTëÁÁÁÁsasasasa (lSx.) /----TTTTëÁÁÁÁsasasasa||----

TTTTësasasasa (Col.), ----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa,

2. ----xxxxðnJinJinJinJi (bz., lnt.) /----xenJixenJixenJixenJi (bq., lSx., Col.), ----xxxxðnCunCunCunCu (bz., lnt.) /----xenCuxenCuxenCuxenCu

(bq., lSx., Col.), ----xxxxðnisganisganisganisga (bz.) /----xxxxðniskaniskaniskaniska (lnt.) /----xenisaxenisaxenisaxenisa (bq., lSx., Col.), ----

xxxxðnqanqanqanqa (bz., lnt.) /----xenqaxenqaxenqaxenqa (bq., lSx., Col.)... CamoTvlili TandebulebiT

erTdroulad gamoixateba sagnis moqmedeba da mimarTuleba.

`rTuli Tandebuli damaxasiaTebelia mxolod svanurisaTvis. igi

Sedgeba mimarTulebis -TeTeTeTe plius Tandebul-windebuli JiJiJiJi, CuCuCuCu, isgaisgaisgaisga, qaqaqaqa,

rac iZleva: ----TeJiTeJiTeJiTeJi, ----TeCuTeCuTeCuTeCu, , , , ----TTTTëisgaisgaisgaisga|TTTTësgasgasgasga|TeTeTeTeÁÁÁÁsasasasa|TeTeTeTeÁÁÁÁsasasasa, , , , TelisgaTelisgaTelisgaTelisga, , , , TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa

Tandebulebs" (13, 204).

al. oniani calke gamoyofs `leqsemaTa SezRudul nawilebTan

xmarebul rTul TandebulTa kidev erT tips, romelic ----xxxxðnnnn|----xanxanxanxan da ----TeTeTeTe, ----

qaqaqaqa, , , , ----CuCuCuCu elementTa kombinaciiT aris warmoqmnili" (29, 279.), mag, amamamam----xenxenxenxen----TeTeTeTe

`aqeTken", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----TeTeTeTe `iqeTken", amamamam----xenxenxenxen----qaqaqaqa `aqedan", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----qaqaqaqa `iqedan", amamamam----xenxenxenxen----CuCuCuCu

`aqedan qvemoT", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----CuCuCuCu `iqedan qvemoT".

unda aRiniSnos, rom laSxursa da ColurulSi am tipis Tandebu-

lebSi dasturdeba ----xenxenxenxen Tandebulis gaormagebuli warmoeba, mag; amamamam----xenxenxenxen----

xenxenxenxen----qaqaqaqa `aqedan", amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JiJiJiJi `iqidan zeviT", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----qaqaqaqa `iqedan", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----

JiJiJiJi `iqidan zeviT",amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CuCuCuCu `aqedan qvemoT", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CuCuCuCu `iqedan qvemoT",

- 30 -

Tumca msgavs warmoebas araviTari semantikuri niuansi ar Semoaqvs

winadadebaSi, rasac sailustracio masalac adasturebs. mag.:

ÀÌáÄÍáÄÍØê ØÀ áæÀ×ÓÄÍÉ áÏÜÖË ÙæÉÍÄËÓ (lSx.) `aqidanac gamoviyvan

ukeTes Rvinos"

ÄÎÊÀÎ ãíÃÉ ËÉ, ÄÒÄ ÀÌáÄÍáÄÍÜîÉ Ø’ëáÓÄÒêÍ (lSx.) `iseTi grZelia, rom

aqedanac gadaemeta"

ÌðÎ áÀÊÖ ÓÄÒ ÄÜÀ ÄÜáÄÍáÄÍÑÉ ËìÚÉÓ? (Col.) `ra unda imis iqidan

amoRebas?"

TanamedroveTa metyvelebaSi msgavsi zmnisarTebi arcTu iSviaTad

gvxvdeba, Tumca, specialuri Ziebis miuxedavad, svanuris qrestomaTiasa

da prozaul teqstebSi identuri magaliTebi ver aRmovaCineT.

svanuris sxva TandebulTagan gansxvavebiT, xxxxðnnnn||xenxenxenxen Tandebuls yvela

dialeqtSi yovelTvis `gangangangan||dandandandan" Tandebulis semantika aqvs da daSorebiT

mimarTulebas gamoxatavs:

ËÀÔËÉáðÍ É ËÄÍãóÒáðÍ ÀÍâÉÃá ÌíÒæðÒ (bz., svan. qrest., 94) `latalidan

da lenjeridan moiyvanes Suamavlebi"

ÝÉÝáæðÒáÄÍ âðÉÛÃÈÄ ÉÛÂæÉà ÊÉËÏÌÄÔÒ áÏÆÉ (bq., iqve, 204) `cicx-

vnaridan xaiSamde Svidi kilometria"

ðËÎðÒ ÚÉÀÜÖ ðÍÒÄÊ, ÄÛæÉ ÀÛæáÄÍÜÖ É ÌÄÒÌÄ ÌÄÒÌÀáÄÍÜÖ (bq., iqve, 94 216)

`eseni yelze Camoikida erTi erTi mxridan da meore meore mxridan"

ÆÖÒÀËÄËÓ ØÀ ËÄØêÁÉ áëÒêá ØÏÒÀËáÄÍØÀ (lSx., iqve, 243) `qalebs gasari-

debeli eqnebaT saxlebidan"

ãéÌÉË-ÃÀÜæÉÒ _ ÀÛáæáÄÍ É Ãðæ _ ÌÄÒÁÀáÄÍ (lnt., iqve, 318) `da-Zma _ er-

Ti mxridan da devi _ meoredan"

ÌéàÈÖÍÄ ÓÂÏÁÉÍáÄÍ áÄÂÍíË ËéÈÉÛÓ (Col.) `damwyevli winidan udgeboda

arCeuls"...

lentexur dialeqtSi iSviaTad -xenxenxenxen Tandebuli reducurebuli

saxiT warmogvidgeba. mag.:

liTæef axobinax eCexneCexneCexneCexn----amexnisaamexnisaamexnisaamexnisa (lnt., svan. qrest., 309) `srola

dauwyiaT iqidan da aqedan"...

svanuris dialeqtebSi ----JiJiJiJi da ----CuCuCuCu TandebulTagan nawarmoeb adgili-

sa da viTarebis zmnisarTebs, aseve daerTvis sufiqsi ----nennennennen (Col.) ----nenenene /----nannannannan

/----nanananaÁÁÁÁ (lSx.) | ----nnnn (bz., lnt.), amis gamo miiReba garTulebul formebi, Tumca

- 31 -

maTi darTva-daurTveloba Tanamedrove svanurSi aranair semantikur sxva-

obas ar iZleva: amJamJamJamJì----nnnnenenenen||amJamJamJamJì----nannannannan||amJamJamJamJì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ||amJiamJiamJiamJi----nnnn `ase", ejJejJejJejJì----nennennennen||ejJejJejJejJì----nannannannan||ejJejJejJejJì----

nanananaÁÁÁÁ||ejJiejJiejJiejJi----nnnn `ise", amCamCamCamCî----nennennennen||amCamCamCamCî----nannannannan||amCamCamCamCî----nanananaÁÁÁÁ|||||amCuamCuamCuamCu----nnnn `aq", eSCeSCeSCeSCî----nennennennen||eSCeSCeSCeSCî----nannannannan||eSCeSCeSCeSCî----

nanananaÁÁÁÁ||eSCueSCueSCueSCu----nnnn `iq", amxenJamxenJamxenJamxenJì----nennennennen||amxenJamxenJamxenJamxenJì----nannannannan||amxenJamxenJamxenJamxenJì----naÁÁÁÁ|amxenJiamxenJiamxenJiamxenJi----nnnn `aqedan zeviT", eCeCeCeC----

xenxenxenxenJJJJì----nennennennen||eCxenJeCxenJeCxenJeCxenJì----nnnnanananan||eCxenJeCxenJeCxenJeCxenJì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ|||||eCxenJieCxenJieCxenJieCxenJi----nnnn `iqedan zeviT", amamamamxenCxenCxenCxenCî----nennennennen||amxenCamxenCamxenCamxenCî----

nannannannan||amxenCamxenCamxenCamxenCî----nanananaÁÁÁÁ||amxenCuamxenCuamxenCuamxenCu----nnnn `aqedan qveviT", amxenTeJamxenTeJamxenTeJamxenTeJì----nennennennen||amamamamxenxenxenxenTeJTeJTeJTeJì----nannannannan||amamamamxenxenxenxen----

TeJTeJTeJTeJìììì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ|||||amxenTeJiamxenTeJiamxenTeJiamxenTeJi----nnnn `aqedan zeviT", eCxenTeJeCxenTeJeCxenTeJeCxenTeJìnennennennen||eCxenTeJeCxenTeJeCxenTeJeCxenTeJì----nannannannan||eCeCeCeCxenxenxenxenTeJTeJTeJTeJì----

nanananaÁÁÁÁ|||||eCxenTeJieCxenTeJieCxenTeJieCxenTeJi----nnnn `iqedan zeviT". mag.:

ÌÄÈáæÎðÒ ÌêÒ’êÍÙÒÉ ÝáÄÊÜîÍ (bz., svan. qrest., 92) `monadire kaci modis

tyidan"

ÄÛÜîÍÄÍ ÈÏ× ËÄÉÌÖÒãìÍÄ ÁÀÁÀà (lSx., iqve, 253) `iq Tofi daixmara ba-

buam"

ËÄâïÒêË áêÒ ÀÌáÄÍÑìÍÄÍ ËÉÓÉÐ (Col.) `saxvewari aqvs aqedan siaruli"

Üîæ ÄÓÂÖ ÀÌÜîÍÄÍ É Ø’ëãØÀÃÏË ÃÀÂðÒ (Col.) `damjdariyavi aq da agcde-

boda sikvdili".

xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac saxelTagan ----JiJiJiJi da ----CuCuCuCu TandebulTa

mier warmoebul garemoebebsac Tan axlavs ----nennennennen||----nenenene||----nannannannan||----nanananaÁÁÁÁ||----nnnn sufiqsebi.

ÄãÎÀÒÓ ËÀÆÄËêËÑìÍÄÍ ÎÄÒÓÊÍÀË ØÀ áÄßÀÃá (lSx., iqve, 251.) `isini siaru-

lis dros jixvebma dainaxes"

ÑÏáÏÒÊáæÄÓ ÊæÄÃÄËÑì----ÍÄÍ (iqve, 255) `Camovkide wknelze"

áæÀâ ãÀàÀÒÑìÍÄÍ ÍÀÈáæÉÀÒÄÓ (iqve, 253) `davartyi Tirkmelze jixvs"

aRniSnuli sufiqsi (----nennennennen||----nenenene||----nannannannan||----nanananaÁÁÁÁ||----nnnn) daerTvis ----RoRoRoRo `Semdeg" Tande-

bulsac drois aRmniSvnel zmnisarTebSi. mag.:

ÄÜêÍÙí----ÍÄÍ ÛáÀÌÓ ËÏØ ÉÈáëËÉ (lSx., iqve, 247) `mere (`Semdeg") Sxams po-

ulobso"

ÄÜêÍÙíÍÄÍ ËÉÝÍÖÍ ËÏØ âÄÃÍÉ æÉã (lSx., svan. qrest., 247) `Semdeg

wylamde modiso gveli"

JinJinJinJin||JinenJinenJinenJinen da CCCCînnnn tipis formebi v. Tofurias uZvelesad miaCnia. igi

wers: `JinJinJinJin, , , , JinenJinenJinenJinen `ze" ekvivalentia qarT. zezezeze, , , , zenasizenasizenasizenasi, igive megruli JiJiJiJi----a;

gamoiyeneba Zvel formasTanac; isgisgisgisgénJinJinJinJi `wels zemoT“,... CuCuCuCu, , , , CCCCî /unununun `qveS"

Sesatyvisia qarTuli qveqveqveqve, , , , qvenasiqvenasiqvenasiqvenasi; gvxvdeba Zvel ----énnnn sufiqsTan erTadac;

gimgimgimgiménCunCunCunCu `miwis qveS", isgisgisgisgénCunCunCunCu `wels qveviT" (13, 204).

- 32 -

gansaxilveli ----nennennennen||----nenenene, ----nannannannan||----nanananaÁÁÁÁ sufiqsi iSviaTad SeiZleba daerTos

zemoT naxseneb gaormagebul ----xenxenxenxen Tandebulian formebsac, mag.: amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----

JJJJì----nennennennen||amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nannannannan||amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ `aqedan zeviT", eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nennennennen||eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----

xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nannannannan||eCeCeCeC----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----JJJJì----nanananaÁÁÁÁ `iqedan zeviT", amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CCCCî----nennennennen||amamamam----xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CCCCî----nannannannan||amamamam----

xenxenxenxen----xenxenxenxen----CCCCî----nanananaÁÁÁÁ `aqedan qveviT".

gvaqvs TandebulTa erTi rigi, romelTac samecniero literaturaSi

`adverbialur Tandebulebs" (13, 205) uwodeben. esenia: RoRoRoRo `Semdeg", JiqJiqJiqJiqênnnn

`zeviT", JiqJiqJiqJiqênqanqanqanqa `zevidan", JiqJiqJiqJiqênCunCunCunCu `zevidan qveviT", JiqJiqJiqJiqênnnnxenxenxenxenCuCuCuCu `zevidan

qvemoT", JiqJiqJiqJiqênxenqanxenqanxenqanxenqa `zevidan aqeT", CuqCuqCuqCuqæênnnn `qveviT, qveS", CuqCuqCuqCuqæðnnnn----

qaqaqaqa||CuqCuqCuqCuqæðnxenqanxenqanxenqanxenqa `qvevidan, qveSidan", CuqCuqCuqCuqæênxenCunxenCunxenCunxenCu `qvevidan, qveSidan",

CuqCuqCuqCuqæênxenJinxenJinxenJinxenJi `qvevidan zemoT"...

----RoRoRoRo `Semdeg" TandebuliT iwarmoeba droisa da adgilis gare-

moebebi; iSviaTad SeiZleba gadmoices jerobac; dasturdeba rTul

Tandebul darTulic:

rogorc v. Tofuria miuTiTebs, RoRoRoRo ixmareba ----énnnn da ----nnnn daboloebian

micemiTTan nacvalsaxelebSi... -énRonRonRonRo, , , , ----unRunRunRunRæ, , , , ----nRonRonRonRo ki Sexorcebulia da

mTlianad ixmareba (zaunRozaunRozaunRozaunRo `wlis Semdeg") (13, 205). mag.:

ÀÛáîÍÙæ'ëÓÍðÒ ËÏÌíÒÏæ ÀáêÃÃÀá (bz., svan. qrest., 93) `erTxel

(`erTxelis mere") Suamavloba hqondaT"

áÏÜÀÌà ËéÐÉÍÔÚËÀÖÍÙæÄ ÜÖ ÁæÉâæÄà ØÀÈÀËÓ (bq., iqve, 206.) `kargad ga-

putvis Semdeg gavWriT qaTams"

áæðÎ ËÉÈÏ×ÖÍÙÏ×ÖÍÙÏ×ÖÍÙÏ×ÖÍÙÏ Ø’ÀÈÏáÉÍÀá ÂÏà (lnt., iqve, 309) `bevri srolis Semdeg

waurTmeviaT goWi"

ÌÀÍÜæÓ ÄãÎÀÒÄ ËÀÎÙæÄÒîÍÙÏ áÄÆÍêÍ ËÉÛÈáÒÉ (lSx.) `maCvs imaTi saz-

Rvris Semdeg sCveoda Txra"

ÌÀÎ ÌëÒÉ ÓÀÁÒÀ ÄÜêÍÙíÍÄÍáÄÍØÀ ËÉÒÃÄ! (Col.) `rad minda imis mere

cxovreba!"...

swored TandebulTa aseTi simravle ganapirobebs mirTul formaTa

siuxves svanurSi.

svanurSi micemiT da naTesaobiT brunvaSi dasmuli saxeli zmnas

ukavSirdeba TandebuliTac da uTandebulodac.

zmnasTan dakavSirebuli micemiT brunvaSi dasmuli Tandebuliani

saxeli, romelic winadadebaSi garemoebad gvevlineba, zmnas ukavSirdeba

- 33 -

mirTviT da SualobiTi marTviT. aseTi garemoebebi imarTvis zmnis mier

brunvaSi Tandebulis meSveobiT:

ÜÖ ËéÌÀÒà ÓÀ×ÓÀ×ÓÀ×ÓÀ×ËÀæÉÓÂÀ (bz., svan. qrest., 91.) `saflavSi yofila"

ÚÄÒðÒ ÆÀæËÉÓÂÀ ÎÀÒÖÍ ÉÆðËá (bq., iqve, 205) `deda Rorebi weliwadSi

orjer yrian goWebs"

ÜæëÒ ÀÍâæêÃà ËÀãÏÂáÏÎÓÀ, ÛÀËÉÊÏ ÜæÀÚæÒÄ É ÊæÄÝ (lnt., iqve, 206) `rom

CamovediT jogSi, Saliko wevs da kvnesis"

ÞÉÍÀÒïÍÙÏ áÏÌÖÒãÃÀÓ ËÀÁëÒÂêÎÓÀ (Col.) `dilidan vexmarebodi

saToxarSi“

ÜæÀÍÁðÍÃÀá ÓÏ×ËÉ ÍðÎéÒÈÂÖËÀÑìÍ (bz., iqve, 95) `aficebdnen soflis

erTgulebaze"

Ø’ÄÒ ÀÍÜÀÃá ÊæÄàÏËÑÉÍ, ÄÜØÀÓ Ãðæ ËÀáÀáæÉÃÀ (lnt., iqve, 316) `rom gamo-

vidnen cotaze, maSin devi SexvdaT"

àÚÉÍÔÉ ËÀÐÒÉÓÔêËÑÉ áÉÍ ÉÜÌìÍÉ É ÃìÍÏËÀÛÑÉ ÌêÃÄ ÄãÆÖÌ (lSx., iqve, 237)

`biWis naTlobaze lxini imarTeba da gogosaze ara imxela"

ËÀÂêÂÉÑÉ ËÉÓÂæÒêËÓ Ìê ËÏØ áÀÚÀ (Col.) `zRurblze dajdoma ar Se-

iZlebao"

ÌÀÌæÉËÓ ÚÉÀÜÖ ÁÉÌÁÉËÉÃðÒ áÏÒÊÀ (bq., svan. qrest., 206) `mamals yelze

bibilo hkidia"

ÃÀÜæÉÒ ÀÃßæìËÄ ÚðÒÜÀÈÄ, , , , ÃÖÃÀÛëÒÈÄ (bz., iqve, 95) `da gaaTxova

yarÜaeTSi, dudaSerebSi"

ÊÀÓÒÖËÈÄ ËÉÝÓ áæðÂæÛÄ (bq., iqve, 206) `qvabSi wyals vasxam"

ØÀ ËÉÆËêË áÀÊÖ ÎÄÓÉÄÓ ÌÄÆæÁÄËÈÄ (Col.) `gasvla unda zogjer

mezobelTan"

lentexur dialeqtSi ----xoxoxoxo||----xxxx TandebuliT gadmoicema mimarTulebis

garemoeba da igi sxva dialeqtebis ----TTTTeeee `ken" Tandebulis mniSvnelobisaa:

Äã ßÖÈÉÓÀ ÀÜÀÃ ÄÜÏá (lnt., svan. qrest., 307) `im wuTSi wavida iqeTken"

ÀÌÄÜÄÃËÉ ÝáÄÊáÏ (lnt.) `wasula tyisken"

ðÛ áÉÓÊÉÃÍÉÖ ÃÄÝáÏ? (lnt.) `sul cisken unda iyuro?"...

aRniSnul Tandebuls SeiZleba hqondes ----zezezeze da ----SiSiSiSi TandebulTa da

viTarebiTi brunvis semantika, am ukanasknelis SemTxvevaSi miznis

garemoeba gadmoicema. mag.:

ØÀ ËÀáÀÁÄá ÌÄÒÁÀáÏ (lnt.) `Seabes meoreze"

- 34 -

ÄÜØÀ ËÀááÏ ÀÌÀÖÆÄá ÌÄËðáæà (lnt., iqve, 306.) `maSin mTaSi gamagzavnes

mTisad”

ÄÜØÀÓ ÓÊ’ðÌÄÜÄÃÄËÉ ØÏÒáÏ (iqve, 310) `maSin Sesula saxlSi"

ÄãÉ ËÀÈáæÉÀÒáÏ ÀÌÄÜÄà (lnt., iqve, 324) `is sanadirod wasula".

v. Tofurias varaudiT, ----xoxoxoxo Tandebuli uSgulurSic unda yofiliyo

`rogorc amas xalxuri simRerebi adastureben; simRerebidan; cenaxocenaxocenaxocenaxo

`cenisken”, zesxzesxzesxzesxæaxoaxoaxoaxo `zesxvasken"... (13, 204.).

svanuris dialeqtebSi yvelaze produqtiulad SeiZleba CaiTvalos ----

qaqaqaqa `-ze, -dan" Tandebuli, romelic monawileobas iRebs rTul Tande-

bulTa warmoebaSi da aRniSnavs gavliT, miaxloebiT:

ÈáÄÒ’ÄÓÄÒ áÏâÃÄ ÉÓÂËÀÃÄÙØÀ áðÒãÓ (bq., iqve, 219) `mgeli moutanso

SuadReze saWmels"

Ø’ÄÒ ÀÍâæÀÃà ÔÖÁðáÏØÀ, ËÉÊÉË ÀÂæÀÓéÌÃÀ (lnt., iqve, 306) `rom

gamovediT tbaze, kivili Semogvesma"

ËÀÂæðÍÖÛ Ø’ÀÃâÀà ÃÀæðÒáÏØÀ (iqve, 207) `tiriliT gavida davarTan“

ØëÈÆÄËêË ØÏÒÈÄØÀ (Col.) `gaiare saxlTan axlos (`saxlamde")"

gansaxilveli Tandebuli zmnisarTs xSir SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba

ramdenjerme daerTos:

Ø’ëÌÑÉ ÀÈÙéÒÑðÍ ÜÖ----ØêÍ----ØÀ----ÈÄ----ØÀ É ÄÜÙÏ ÌÉ áÏÛæÄËÍÄ (Col.) `rogorme

gaaTrie qvemoTamde da mere me vuSveli"

Ñ’ÄÒ ÏÈÎÄÓ ÑÉ----ØêÍ----ØÀ----ÈÄ----ØÀ, ÄÜØÀ ÌÀÎ ÌêÒáÉ?! (Col.) `rom avitan zemoTken,

mere rad mindixar"?!.. da sxv.

samecniero literaturaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, Tana-

obis gamomxatveli ----mmmméyyyy Tandebuli am saxiT mxolod zemosvanurSi

gamoiyeneba, xolo misi asimilirebuli ----moymoymoymoy forma lentexursa da laS-

xurSi gvxvdeba. unda aRiniSnos, rom Cven mier svanur qrestomaTiaSi

moZiebul masalebsa da TanamedroveTa metyvelebaSi qvemosvanuri dialeq-

tebi orive variants gamoiyenebs (----mmmméyyyy||----moymoymoymoy), xolo rac Seexeba Coluruls,

am metyvelebaSi mxolod ----moymoymoymoy formas mivakvlieT:

ÃÖÃÀÛëÒÄÌ ÁðÜÀ ÁÏÂÌÖÚæ ÀÍÂÄÍÄá (bz., svan. qrest., 95) `dudaSerebma qvis

xidTan gamoaciles"

- 35 -

ÁêÆÉ áÏÜêÌ ÁÀÜæÌéÚ áæÀÒÃÀà ÓÀÃÂæÄÌà (iqve, 95) `amaRam karg qvasTan

viyaviT dasadgomad (`sadgomad")"

ÍÉÛÂæÄÌÉÚ áÀÌðÒ ÜÉ áÏÒÉ (bq., iqve, 205) `ÜvenTan Rorebi yvelas hyavs"

ÍÉÛÂæÄÛÌéÚ áÏÜÀ ÓÉÌÉÍà âÄÃÍÉ (iqve, 204) `ÜvenTan kargi simindi modis"

ÀÃâÀà ÄÛáÖ ÌÄÆÂÀÛÄÒÌÏÚ (lnt., iqve, 313) `movida erT ojaxTan"

ÈáëÒëËÓ ÝáÄÊÈÄ ËÀàíÍÌéÚ ÏÈÂéËïÒÀá âÀÍ (lSx.) `mglebs tyis

mosaxvevTan dauglejiaT xari"

ÌÉÛÂæÀ ËÀÊæÌÀÛÌÏÚ ÉáæÒÄá ÙÖËÀÎÓ ÀËÎðÒÄ ÁÏÜÊÀÒ (Col.) `Cem

sasaqonlesTan iyrian Tavs amaTi saqoneli"...

CamoTvlil ilustraciebSi gvaqvs SualobiTi marTva da mirTva.

zmna-Semasmeneli Tandebulebis meSveobiT marTavs saxelebs micemiT

brunvaSi, amave dros saxelis Tandebulze darTvis Sedegad miRebuli

garemoeba mirTulia zmnasTan.

svanurSi, kerZod, laSxursa da ColurulSi gamoiyofa adgilis

miwevniTobis gamomxatveli ----nunnunnunnun `mde" Tandebuli, romelic sxva Tande-

bulTagan gansxvavebiT, ZiriTadad, damoukideblad erTvis saxels:

ÄÜêÍÙíÍÄÍ ËÉÝÍÖÍ ËÏØ âÄÃÍÉ æÉã (lSx., svan. qrest., 247) `mere wylamde

modiso gveli"

ËÄÑÀ ÏÜÀÃÃ ÌÏÒÂÏÖËÍÖÍ (iqve, 251) `zeviT wavediT morgoulamde"

Ïà ÃÀÂÒÀ----ÍÖÍ ÌíÌ ÀÃÄ, ÄÜØÀà ÃÄÛ ÀãÆéÆ ÄØÌÀÒÈÄ (Col.) `sanam

sikvdilamde ar mixvedi, manam ver gagagzavne eqimebTan"

ÌÀÌàÉÒ ÄÜÀæÍÖÍ ËìÆÉ (Col.) `mezareba iqamde gasvla"

iSviaT SemTxvevaSi aRniSnuli (----nunnunnunnun `mde") Tandebuls win uswrebs

rTuli Tandebuli ----TeqaTeqaTeqaTeqa da SeiZleba daerTos agreTve ----enenenen sufiqsi zmni-

zedaTa im jgufSi, romelsac viTarebiTi brunvis niSani axlavs Tan. mag.:

ÄÜØÀ----Ã----ÈÄØÀ----ÍÖÍ Ìêà ÄÈÓÚêÍá, æÏà ÜÖ Ìíà ÄÃßÏÒÄá (lSx.) `iqamde ar

Seurigdnen, sanam ar isisxles"

Ïà ÏÈßæìËíË, ÄÜØÀ----Ã----ÍîÍ----ÄÍì ÛÖÛÐÒÀÓ (Col.) `sanam gavTxovdebodi,

manamdec vcekvavdi"

ÄãÎðÒáÄÍØÀ ÀÈáÀ----Ã----ÍîÍ-