Tatsuya TakaokiMitsui Engineering & shipbuilding Co., Ltd.

Natural Gas Transportation in form of Hydrate

Natural Gas Transportation in form of Hydrate

Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH)

Hard to ignite Easily to handle

Powder

Crystal

NGH Pellet

Gas Molecule

+Water

Molecule

ペレットタンクペレットタンク

NGH Powder

NGH Pellets

Process Developing Plant with Capacity of 600kg/day in ChibaProcess Developing Plant with Capacity of 600kg/day in Chiba

Background of NGH DevelopmentBackground of NGH Development

Rapid Increase of Energy Demand

Environmental Issue

Rapid Increase of Energy Demand

Environmental Issue

Dash to Gas

Dash to Gas

New way of Gas Transportation

Diversify Gas Trade

New way of Gas Transportation

Diversify Gas Trade

Large field

Large field

Not largefield

Not largefield

GasmarketGas

market

NGH

Pipeline

LNG

GTL/DME

NGH can save cost compared with LNG.

Oilmarket

Oilmarket

Coming Gas MarketComing Gas Market

LNGLNG

NGHNGH

South E.Asia

South E.Asia

Offshorefield

Offshorefield

80% inNumber80% inNumber

40% inVolume40% inVolume

Scale vs. Number of Natural Gas FieldsScale vs. Number of Natural Gas Fields

Scal

e (T

ri. C

. Ft.

)

Number of Natural Gas Fields

NGH can be transported under “milder” temperature than LNGNGH can be transported under “milder” temperature than LNG

NGH saves cost and is eco-friendlyNGH saves cost and is eco-friendly

StateState

TemperatureTemperature

In 1m3In 1m3

Specific GravitySpecific Gravity

Solid Solid LiquidLiquid

-20 degree C-20 degree C

165Nm3 gas plus 0.8m3 water165Nm3 gas plus 0.8m3 water

0.85-0.950.85-0.95

-162 degree C-162 degree C

600Nm3 gas600Nm3 gas

0.42-0.470.42-0.47

NGHNGH LNGLNGItemsItems

Specification of NGH compared with LNGSpecification of NGH compared with LNG

X

Y

X

Y

NGH Transportation ChainNGH Transportation Chain

天然ガス クーラー

ペレタイザ

貯蔵タンク 運搬船 運搬船

貯水槽

脱水機

天然ガス

運搬船へ

海

貯蔵タンク

貯水槽ブライン

水

HP

冷却

海水

積地 揚地

ＮＧＨ製造 再ガス化Natural gas

CoolerPelletize

Storage Ocean Transport

Tank

Dehydrate

Gas

Water

Sea

Storage

TankBrain

Water

HP

Freeze

Sea water

Loading Unloading

Produce Re-gas

Filling EfficiencyFilling Efficiency

1.81.４1.0Ｓｔｒａｇｅ Ｖｏｌｕｍｅ0.400.560.78

ＦｉｌｌｉｎｇＥｆｆｉｃｉｅｎ

ｃｙ

ＰｏｗｄｅｒＯｎｅ ＳｉｚｅＭｕｌｔｉ Ｓ

ｉｚｅ

80

90

100

0 48 96 144 192 240 288 336Time (hr)

Weig

ht C

hang

e　(%

)

● 　Pellet○ Powder- 20℃

80

90

100

0 48 96 144 192 240 288 336Time (hr)

Wei

ght C

hang

e　(%

)

● 　- 20℃▲ - 15℃■ - 5℃

Figure 3 Dissociation Curve of Pellet and Powder

Figure 4 Dissociation Curve of NGH Pellet

Photo 7 Storage Image of Two Size pellet

Multi-Dia. Pellet（２０ｍｍ ５ｍｍ）

Multi-Dia. Pellet（２０ｍｍ ５ｍｍ）

Self-preservation (powder vs. pellet)Self-preservation (powder vs. pellet)

100,000DWT NGH Carrier100,000DWT NGH Carrier

Length, p.p. : 275.0mBreadth, mld. : 46.0mDepth, mld. : 25.5mDraft, design : 14.0mCargo capacity: abt. 160,000m3

Speed, service : abt. 17.0kt

Off-loading System

Developing

NGH-FPSO (Image)NGH-FPSO (Image)

Distance of 3,500N.M ( Market of NGH system )

Case (1) 0.4 MTPA & 1,500 N.M.Case (1) 0.4 MTPA & 1,500 N.M.

Case (2) 1 MTPA & 3,500 N.M.Case (2) 1 MTPA & 3,500 N.M.

NGH Plant & Export terminal

Production 1 MTPA

Capital cost by MES’ rough study in case that 1MTA/6,000km gas is transported

41

23

11

58

17

25

Production & Storage

Transportation

Storage & Re-gasification

25%Less

NGH (75) LNG (100)

Total cost of LNG =100

The r esul t of st udy on 0. 4MTPA/ 1, 500N. M.

0. 001. 00

2. 003. 004. 00

5. 006. 007. 00

8. 009. 00

10. 00

11. 0012. 00

NGH LNG( *1)

LNG( *2)

NGH LNG( *1)

LNG( *2)

NGH LNG( *1)

LNG( *2)

NGH LNG( *1)

LNG( *2)

$/mm

Btu Re- gasi f i cat i on

Tr anspor t at i onPr oduct i on

ROI =5% ROI =10% ROI =15%ROI =20%

The r esul t of st udy on 1MTPA/ 3, 500N. M.

0. 00

1. 00

2. 00

3. 00

4. 00

5. 00

6. 00

7. 00

8. 00

9. 00

10. 00

NGH LNG( *3)

LNG( *4)

NGH LNG( *3)

LNG( *4)

NGH LNG( *3)

LNG( *4)

NGH LNG( *3)

LNG( *4)

$/mm

BTU Re- gasi f i cat i on

Tr anspor t at i onPr oduct i on

ROI =5% ROI =10% ROI =15%

ROI =20%

Fig 12: Total gas cost of NGH and LNG

NOTE

1. Natural gas is supplied to NGH production plant for $1/mmBTU.

2. Figures described in ( ) shows the number of ship.

Total Cost (Capital cost + Operation cost)

0.4 MTPA1,500 N.M.0.4 MTPA1,500 N.M.

1 MTPA3,500 N.M.1 MTPA

3,500 N.M.

ROI=10%NGH 25% less

ROI=10%NGH 18% less

Compared with Market Price

The r esul t of st udy on 1MTPA/ 3, 500N. M.

0. 00

1. 00

2. 00

3. 00

4. 00

5. 00

6. 00

7. 00

8. 00

9. 00

10. 00

NGH LNG( *3)

LNG( *4)

NGH LNG( *3)

LNG( *4)

NGH LNG( *3)

LNG( *4)

NGH LNG( *3)

LNG( *4)

$/mm

BTU Re- gasi f i cat i on

Tr anspor t at i onPr oduct i on

ROI =5% ROI =10% ROI =15%

ROI =20%

Market Price in Japan 4.5—6.5＄

ROI=10%Gas cost at consumption area is 18% less than that of LNG

Note : (*3) LNG Carrier : 1, (*4) LNG Carrier : 2

Original Gas:$ 1/mmBTU

Re-gas

Transport

Production

Gas：100mmt-NGDistance：3,500 S. M.

Basic concept on economics of NGH

NGHLNG

CIF Gas cost

Customer’s gas demand (MTPA)

0.01 0.1 1 10

NGHLNG

In Small lot

NGH better than LNG

In Small lot

NGH better than LNG

Low

High

Small lot large lot

Economy

Safety Ecology

NGH

Distance of 3,500N.M ( Market of NGH system )

Circle of 3,500N.M. distance one way from Japan.

3,500N.M. distance one way from middle east.

3,500N.M. distance one way from West Africa.

3,500N.M. distance one way from Gulf of Mexico.

NGH NGH

LNG

Water

Cold Heat

Gas

WaterNGH

LNG BaseMedical CenterShopping Center

Pellet at -20 deg C

NGH Production Land Transport Re-Gas

NGH Domestic TransportationNGH Domestic Transportation

Operation Cost in Domestic Inland Transportation

天然ガス陸上輸送コスト（平均50ｋｍ圏内）

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

1.00

1 10 100 1,000 10,000需要家規模（Ｎｍ3/ ｈ）

ガス

コス

ト（相

対値

）

ＮＧＨＬＮＧ

分岐点とみられる需要家規模＜300-400Nm3/h

Transportation Cost with delivery area within 50km zone

Needs (Nm3/h)

GasCost

Index

Cross Point (300 – 400 Nm3/h)

Milestone

FirstProject

FirstProject

Developing, Marketing, project promotingDeveloping, Marketing, project promoting

01 02 0403 0605 07 08 09 10 11 12

NGH Carrier (Phase 1)NGH Carrier (Phase 1)

NGH Carrier (Phase 2)NGH Carrier (Phase 2)

Process Develop. PlantProcess Develop. Plant

NGH-FPSONGH-FPSO

Multi-gas HydrateMulti-gas Hydrate

Dome Plant (5tpd)Dome Plant (5tpd)

Pilot Plant (200tpd)Pilot Plant (200tpd)FSFS

FSFS

Qatar Gas

Domestic

NGH Project Milestone

Joint Study Funded by Government Joint Study Funded by Government

Plant Build NGH - Rory

ReportExperimentPaper Work

ExperimentPaper Work

ExperimentPaper Work

Job

2006, 20072008

MitsuiChugokuPower co.

DemonstrationDomestic

Transportation in Japan

MTI

NEDO( New Energy Development Organization)

2004, 2005

MitsuiOsaka

University

Study of Mixed Gas

Hydrate

MTI

JOGMEC（Japan Oil,

Gas and Metals

national Corporation)

2005, 20062007, 2008

MitsuiNMRI, NYK,

MOL, NK,MOECO

Development of NGH Carrier

(Phase2)

MTC

JRTT（Japan Railway

construction, Transport and Technology

Agent)

2003 ,2004, 2005

MitsuiNMRI

NK

Off-loading System of

NGH・FPSO

S&O Foundation

S&O（Ship & Ocean

Foundation）

2005

MitsuiCUSE

NRI, MBKJOGMEC

F.S of NGH Sea

Transportation from Qatar

MTI

JETRO（Japan

Export Trade Organization）

Period

Member

Research

Ministry

NGHNGH Transport

-20℃Normal Pressure

LNG Transport－162℃

NormalPressure

Natural Gas TransportNatural Gas Transport

NaturalGasField

GAS

LNG

FT PROCESS

SynthesisCO ＋ H2

DME

GTLLIQUID

DME PROCESS

40% energy consumed

CNGCNGCNG TransportPressure200 kg/cm2

CNG TransportPressure

200 kg/cm2

NGHHydrate

NGHRegas CH4

CO2Hydrate

CO2Regas

NGHCarrier

CO2CO2

Carrier

Gas field

Gas field

GasMarket(PowerStation)

GasMarket(PowerStation)

Circulation of Energy in Form of HydrateCirculation of Energy in Form of Hydrate

CO2CO2CO2

CH4CH4CH4

Heat Exchange Heat Exchange

ENDEND