n'ia i:oQaa.mh 2530 : 17 ) ndiaii rnru?wisnir8n~idoiii~unisn"odaS.1~~

uodnirknis8nw nisu?msms8nlnduM-'~ainm~~iazGa~luii9di$ua1nm~8iws1zio~~ Y Y

iidmaiuf iniininorsi nqv~din"noinrns8n~in?~~i3~'iwu~a~nm daunisu?nimir

8nlnluu9di$uGad 8msizozbd$~ndszqn6boinaiu$ n5nms iiaznquij!ddszyn6

18lumsd~GS;nulfii~uiznun"unniunisdiiazd~iiandou nisu3nisnir8n~iluni ' 4 U S 8 r%) dguma~uuodtiunaiui na~umuisnuazdsznun~sduoa~u?~~sii~aznud~~a~ulfiuss~

3

S

5

3 en P

en

ee

3

z Y

5 3D-

b a0

22 3

a

ae

so $ CZ 3 en e-4

en

b

5n

CZ c

a

2 6

2

en %

S

c2

- - 5 ee 3 eon z

c2

- 4

en

L

o

5n

s 3 ge

C

i4 ZD

2 2 2 A 3

e)

2 G Sa

P 2 2 3 2 en ge

ze

e - 2 3 2 en ge

3 en I? P

en 2

C- is! 3,-

a

3 en

ee

3

.?f ah

3

@

2 t

S

3' Jn. 2

=%

Q

e f, a 3 ze r

ZB

c

es

e

2

P

5e

en

2

d 3 en 3

eon

60

2 P Q\ 3 c e=e

3 b a3

2

pe) ED

nisii~cdausianisuocdi~nc1un1sd~znu8nu161~n~ miunsouu0ediod"nm

norznrrunir41naniq imzinlineiunormssunis4isianis~a~~ou (itlunoonlti 4 eiu

imziihsianisii.ln'nod 2 i l~zinn %I h ~ i r n i s n ~ ~ c i ~ Z ~ ~ o u c 1 u ~ m ~ n i s 8 n u i iiaz

hn.amsmaiiouiuiin"~~ouciu$:sni~

1. ciuki7uu7wiriaId dsznouiau c iu~n~i f inc iu ciunims3tU ciu

dlz"IIld~$~bd 9 l ~ U l ~ W l ~ ~ ~ 9 l ~ d ? ~ ~ n l 9 i i a ~ d ? d ~ ~ l ~ ~ 1 ~ 6 l i u ' ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ w.~.u.~s%Iu I 8nui nudszmuciu ciuln~cni~uuiuloniaw1cnis8nui unzciu~tii l#o~lunaiuiu

~naouuoeciu%n (di~nciunorzn~sunisnisdsznu8nuit~ic~1~. 2525 : 169-249)

oinusud~ueiu ~d7u"nciuntU~nssunisn1sdsznu8nuii~icai~fiiwun

wonqdYMi uwui~n i~u~msc iuu~~ is6a I~ uocdilin.nunisdszouAnui6~in0i 9

ciu ~a(iauli7wG1nisdsznu4n~liiitno~zAoedQG~lXnsouu bunisoondl&euou

wuiuciu~nib;wGii~ueiuu~~is6aI~ uoerhfinciu~isdsznu~n~li6itnod~G~FnudiGc 901 9 8cnaiu$n~iurnuisoiiaz~~ r:uolin mnonaulnruwnaouciutii 7 6u uonainifkiocnautlu

9 019

61611 rJiin u'm~im~Znaiuwanisd~um~iuoeiiclna"3n I ~ ~ ~ X ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ G ~ ~ I U ~ Z X ? ' F I U O ' U H % I I U

di~u'uldAauna~un# imt.rn~o9uufouoeiicidszZws'niw

2. ciumshwGid dsznou#au ciuaicliwut(nain3, ciunsmiuazidcka ciu

$~uuuiynmnr ciuwzi~uud~z?~ c i v ~ ~ u i i a m i ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ciudiud~cm~fiinu~~iiiw~c

iiaznisi$ouduliiou ciuiauiynis ndo.

ainuoui~uciu ~ i n r i o c i u n ~ z n s ~ u n i ~ n i s d ~ z n u ~ n u i ~ ~ i c ~ i ~ f i i w u wonld

l#ii uw1wnisu7wisc1unisio"1w~1~ uosdiGns7wn1~dszou8n'~1161inod 7 ciu 4 9 ~iauli?nGini~dszou8n~liiitno~zAoedQGZ%Xnsounqu 1nuniroon~i~euounuiuciu

9 019

IXihw~iAIu.nunisto"iwG~d uocdi~ciurnsds~nu8n~16iinod~um~nudi~c8cnaiu~ 901 9

I naiuaiui~n~~~~znaiunfin ~ : P ~ R Q U ~ ~ ~ U W R " I I ~ U ~ I U ~ ~ I 7 ~uuuuonainif#oenauV fiiiiu

9 019

!tta u'mauoz1muwnnisdQu~ciuo~ic%na"~n t W d o ~ h i ~ d ~ ~ ~ c i u ~ ~ ~ ~ u u ~ u w u i u

iiiiu'uldlaunaiupn4ioc tmzin~aliuutBuoriicidsz~ws'ni~

3. .numsWu~taz$nq dsmou&au ciumsliu ciurjod? eiuGnq imzciu I

cudszuior I

~1nuouri1u.nu~~71Cn~iunmzn~run1rn1~d~znu8nnr1tt~~"~1561nun n;dld;ii A 91 uwu1~ni~uhir.nun1r~uttazw'~q"~o~d1~n~1un1sdrznu8nnr161tnod 4 .nu ~4g.aau

niwGinirdrznu8n~161tno oz&o.rdfiG5lXnrouv ~nuniroonrii#~aou~u~uqiu

~fithn~i~'ln'lu.riun~r~utaazw'nq uotinrin-riunirdrznu8nnr1d1tnod~GGFnu61G~~q ,

naiufnaiunimrn ttaznaiuoCmnaomau1X4uw"m~ou~1uiW'i 7 tiu uonoin~&oqnauqu

A i h qtin u'mn imzGmmiu~mnird~G~~iuoei i~fnd~mtdol~ni~d~G5~iudl~fu

uouwuiutiitiiuldRauna~ugn&o~niurztiuu n~nuiu ttazukarzfguum? Inumiwim I ~ t a z a a r ~ o ~ u u ~ o u o ~ i ~ d d ~ z ~ w ~ n i w

4. siuCtwanir~nnrittaz~iuS~~n~r drznou#au ~iu%twn5nniuttazdrztCu~a

nistYnnir4n~i siu4nnriiYun.87 "anrizi?iu "uuw'0%1uinir%twaatazdsta3unisCawan1ulu I

FssZuu ~1uu3niswi~nir4n~iitaztwnFuIa~wi~nir~nnr1~~%1u1n1r8n~i siuu3nirttaz

JfiGZciuInrwir ciuuluu1unazwumrw'~uin1~8nnr1 tmzciudrzniu.nuitaztwu~iwi ~ tonni~wiq?~in i~

ainuouriiuciu ddiCn~iunmznrruni~ni~d~znu8n~i i i~~"~15 Ainumn.jd

I X i i u~ui~mru3wir~1uCtwnni~8nnr1 tmzciu' iainiruoc~iau~anGini~d~znu8n~i dimoii 7 .nu ~. r~$au i i?n l j in l~drznu~nBl~ l tn0oz&0~df i~~~dn~0un~u Inuniroon

rii#quounuiu.nuufi~nnri~iwnn" TnudiCqi3q naiuf naiuniuirn ttaznaiun~nqiu

k n r i i a ~ u n i l o u o ~ n i s u 3 ~ 1 r ~ i u ~$auii?wGirnsdrzou8nnri6itn~ narozdiniriimn

mr8ntnln#aumuto.r imzdsta?urmliuny uIX8n~i%iwan" ikwli;diimn drzaiuo juI r t Buu

nz?~ in i rn iuhduu ~u?~irI.r.ri iuu i m z n ~ d i n i r % m ~ o e i ~ ~ ~ o t ~ ~ ~ i t a z ~ a ~ ~ t d o l n ~ I c i u r n r d n ~ i u r r q g m g i ~ ~ ~ ~ i u ~ o ~ ~ a ' n ~ n ~ ~ ~ i ~ d d JZ~?W~"~IIM 1

$iaiwnia%od~iod"n~iodniadaz~udnp116i1n~ iirsodn?$ 2 dazlnol z0

I. birianirnl Pkifi ii?nfiinirdrznu8nnriQi~no ~$auninfiinirdrznu B

8nvidimo iiaz~~i%man"d1~n~1un1~d~znu8nnr161in r tnmznrrumr$ir i "~ni rn~~~u

~61nunnroubrih~~$1~1"~n1rn~~ud~n'mdioa'n~1unmznr~un1~ni~d~zn0~8n~1iip.o'~"~1~

2. $isi.anirwndourna7q !#ti6 ii?nlji.nuu4mr$ald rianGimumrWuua: B

h q ii?n~il.nun1nh~~~~~itaz111nod*id~udioa"n~iun1~d~znu8nnri1in~ a.r

n ~ z n r r u n i r h n a n 1 ~ w a i ~ o ~ d t 8 u ~ ~ i ~ u n n ~ o u ~ n r 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ i " ~ n 1 ~ w a ~ ~ o u ~ ~ n ' n d 1 ~ n ~ i u

nmznrrunirnisdrtnu8nnriiip.o'~'1115 I

d cla 5. fkY.runztSonnaiu5ntwu~n ~

wsq8nff rl3rnwZui (2523 : 1 - 2) lXnaiu6uii $ ~ ? w i r o z 6 ~ i i ~ ~ m u ~ ~

6 1 4 3 drzms n'o $u?wi~b~~Su$flugn 7 oeiia tt~lriii~SuR'o~t~uaaiqldgn~$o~ n'o

az~o.rfui.roei1.r~uvpq b4 (Generalist) &?m38iotiiunLim$u(Lt'?lu n'0 bio.rt!h$mu

uoswanmz w4odi.l~muuotwdau.rlu (symbol or Image) ~non~ani$u?wisR~~~$u$Pdoi

(Leader) n ' ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I U I ~ ~ ~ ~ U ? ~ I ~ H ~ ~ ~ ~ I % " ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ # ~ ~ U ~ ( l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ( l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ P d o ~ da 9 d as wnmotdr-.nouhud.rioIdd' n'o iinaiun'n?duflh~nrrn uao~smqim iinaiu-?uijnaou

iiu y u u ~ u i u i tmz&tdinod*id6niniiulo1XZ

mba Can; (2526 : 60) ndia~c~tuanaiu5nt~uan"uBma'nvmzvo~~~ilu#iu 4- 0 1 d 9 waw nuwsaniunaiufuo~$Pdoidszn~u#au~numz~di~~~ naiu~it3.aimrdrsnou

40, 9 tiau naiu$wi '~~.~ imsia~~l na iu f~ .a i~awi~unzna iu fwi~~~ i~w uonainAamo.rf~udoq i mrt$uQPdo~uuudsza~SdImuflun~tnmn"~~nzss~~uu~Guuo~G~nu 1

2. mniinlurnr~iuimzdiinii{8u n ~ ~ ~ z ~ 0 ~ j i ~ i n ~ i u u i ~ i n a i u Blnidiiniimnz 9 .4 iionlri?uh m~diin~~oz~~waaz~0ai~0i~~~3aiiazi~qwaapa'uau nistiinun3oms

Xiuoiai i lXlnuuklX~naiuini iazS~ni~i i f lu a 9 w c l o d

3. mniinlum~ inuaqimzhiiala na.r.auiauundoafiauaiu~~inXaunaiua?a

'lo 1$ot9ufii&lalumsdidSaiu 4. inniinlum~d~GSmu aiaf1alfii~uam3a qlm3-u 0(iiti~0niin~ni+a1ojna3

9 B 9 u & B siin~naount0~w'.iuy~uay~nulnin'u~d banrzaiuaiulnnaoa iigai8u~m3-odia

8. uou?11%unaiuw4mwaim

9. iinaiuahlo d0isud"ona lo. ~a~oii.nutwdodrzIuvod"aiausau

11. iinaiuaiuisn~unisdonis

12. jknfiaussuini~~iilunisiiaiu

uyvulruriud nuiuiia msnsz~u~iotfiynnal~nodauaiuiiaiut~un~nfild~ twdoln'u~r~~~dsma6iaial9; (keith. 1972 : 5)

dssa?ul#iiaasnaiu~aiiu~iaz4oiauoiiuz

9. n'i l#~iG~~urjodvi~dndimuinaiudi~q imr~u?rnriiiunuiflua~iGq

i i ~ a ~ n a i u Z o n " ~ ~ ~ d o n a ' u u ~ i ~ ~ ~ u n i u ~ a ' ~ n ~ ~ a i w ~ ~ l d .... oiuqn~qu@#Gdguljodal

lo. u?nirsiu$;un.nuliua~ssu iauo8hmodmu driaainonn'

i6-n k i n 5 (2526 : 149) 1XndiaBa rl~a'nvarz~~uuyvu$uw"ub"uo~ (~'ufwisnisfnvil~&iiY

alu~cunlulud3ztwa

Gad w"uw"?nu (2526 : 27) ?#nuit$oa w t l t n ~ ~ u n i ~ u ? n ~ ~ a ~ u ~ d f l G 5 ~ 3 a

trnz~na~dg"G5uoa~anod"1nirdrzou~nui miuriRuzuotnaznrrunirnfiuFsaEuu.a"an'~

dirjnaiunirJrsouflnui~:~ia"mn1~3up' ~mudn.lnoinnaznrrunirn~u~lXui~~u~ittnoda

iiu?u 261 nu Fnunirtiion& iiu?u 136 nu wuii wq~nr~un~ru3m~a iu~ t~u~3a t taz

in?rdflG5uoaninu~ini3drzoudnuiditnoia 4 &iu Wo &iuynZnmw &iuqas.rsu Xiu

n?iuI;Iaiumuirn uaz&~uuyuulruriuk~uGauzuoanaznrrun~rnfiuF~a~uuFmu

diitmit o~lurzgudiunaia w q t n ~ s u n i r d ~ ~ ~ a i u i t ~ u ~ ~ a ~ u i n a ~ d ~ ~ t a i u d a d ~ i u 994

ttmndiariuoiiaii~diGqwiaa,om~sz~u .OOI n'o MiuynZoniwriu#iuuYuu.a'uw"u6"

w~~nrrun1.ru3nir~du~3auoaGanod"1n1rdrzoudn~1d1tno~a 4 81u do huynZnmw diiyasrru ~ ~ u n ~ ~ u f n ~ i u ~ ~ u ~ r o tmz&iuuYuu.a'ufi; 11.hmndiah wq%rrunir

9 w 9 u~nira iu~n~rdgunuoa~a~od"in~rdrzou~nu~~~tno~a 4 Xiu ~n--nutmndiat*oiia~ 994

Gudi~qmannmir-n'u .ool Wo Xiunaiuf n~iuaiuirntiuFi7uynZnniw a w sd 9 w A

namn cuwm-,: (2528 : 10) ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d n ~ ~ ? ~ ~ m ~ ~ t i y ~ a a " f l p ~ ~ l d z i w " a d ~ z ~ a $ ; ~ ~ a

~~iu~umrnirdrzoudn~li~awa"m~u 2 &u n'o &iun?iu$tm:a"ninvazG.a"u wuii

qa~nuazdw'tdrza,a~&iunaiufi~i~q~o na~uft~uariuuFuu~uttazn~~~mrzuuoa~nr

niru3wir roanald 2 Cugu Wo i i n ~ i u ~ m z l ~ o i ~ a d ~ r z ~ u d ~ q q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a n ~ ~ d n u ~ iin?iu 9 9 w 4 A 9 81 niu1~o'lumr~u~au~u1m~qw1wtnmuuluniru3n1~a1ul~oei1a~n~oaii~a"nn1~tta:

9 W 4 0 49 W 4 qamw Pi~uma&iua"ninvazua,u~a,iGq Wo naiuytsrru u?uu rol6iinmua3alodo 9, 9 , - w ~lmuanuljry.aiqnnu tfIuimradot?m ii9mlot~udrznidlmu iinaiuuGuiruazgn'ataail#

n ' l I 9 1 ~ I

1 fiiu w81nou (2521 : unhio n.) !&dnuit&~a uwuinGawod"iwu?mmrh

miuGauzuotnqlnoj1saduudsz~iuia iiarinoakiru3mrd~u~ana'm9mrsi~ i iuau 426

nu l u 4 Xiu i;o Xiur~ iiufnirciuynnn &iunaiu.a'uw'uiyu.au &iuS.ainir tmz&lu

Isms wuii unuinimmwa'qlmud?us?u;q 4 CiiuuosiimuYiwu?nnis8n~1imiuw"auzuo~ 994 Id4 w nllwd pm i i unuin~tflua?~otiiaiiod"udi6q~i~anm~sza"u .oi n21nadiu?uldttaz

' . . . .

dszaunis&iiqn'u iiw"auzisunuiniidua?q ttnzu~uindninwa'suo~GawuYiwuamnis

8nvi& 4 XIU litimndi~TiU nllw~~iia'u2dttmnii9fiuu iivinuziounuin6tgua? Ciiu 994 n1~u?m~~1uynnaiimni1~6uoti1~~od"ud16~~1~~nm~sz~u .os Bo Aiun~iutYuw'ui'6u

qlururiu#iuiaims d-~uXiu8u 7 ?iiimniiqh riiantYuw'uhzwii~uwuiw~i~u~?~n'u

unuindrnmna'~uo~G~wod"iwuamnis8n~11 Ciiun-~iutYur*i6u~.au &iuirinis h u 994 u?wisqiuynna iin.nutYuviuin'uniniquan otiitii~din'odrn~anmiszgu .oi Ciiuqrnis

ij~uinn'odiszsiu .05

wanis4nlnwuii naoiaisi~iidszunisdnisii~iuiimni~~n'u wuii

s1u5~ui1179dszrwa

ii%utao; (Sandler 1968 : 169 81q&%u nua iiKauGQu, 2532 : 29) ?#i in16k~

1409 nmun'miiiutilu?6u1~wui~iidu~~96uu~u1~dn1mwa'~1u~~rrln1sduo~8nu1~n1s lu

imi$n$a 'n~n~oia in8nui~n i r 225 nu w u i ~ u n u ~ n ~ t ~ u ~ ? a ~ u u w u ~ ~ d n ~ n w ~ ~ ~ u

rihrrmniicn"u

ni;zu( Carson 1971 : 2533-A 819;9%~ nua rr~aui%u, 2532 : 29) !8iinl%?~u

doc unuindt~ua~ertazunui~dniana'~uacn~1~$1~cduud~znu8n~11 miuhzuoe I

I Flnlnim% n2 ~~arnl ln~9: t~uoumiui laudnlnsin8nlnPni~ 17 nu n l 541 nu tmzne . I n 4 42 nu wu41 n'jrnunrju~owirl#n~ln$d~G5ciuuin~u tda~fiuuiiiuufiucidq

%nqjdfisJ'6io~%u~~qGu 0 9 0 1 ttunyzu (Magnuson 1971 : 78 - 9181c%alu d%zuaa Boa&, 2539 : 58) ! h a a u

ij0e qara"nvar~uoc$~ani~1%cduudd~~nuna1ua~1t~~~ud%zinan~~~8~u?n1 lauiitlun

qarrinvolzuacQkni~l4cduuoonr~u 2 iiovarz ;a ptuiifiuarz81uaiiiw ~ariinvarzdiiu Y

9 w 2 dauh nldqarrinvarziY.a 2 81u!aacu Y

4 w 4 1. qatrinvolzCiiu?ai%i uacu

9 w 94 1.1 inaiuaiuanlurnr5aio~taziuinu~ou!Xi

2.8 Gl~n3iattaztYmtwu

2.9 Gnaiuiauo&utauodaiu

2.10 Gnaiutunnidn~ttaztokooiwsdoQ8u

ihiuw'un' (Huflhines 1984 : 705 - A) 1#8n~itd~?ii~~dttuutwn$1~1u~n$ido

nin~u(u?wis~Gdr~~w~niwwuii &?nisiddrz5wa'mwn'a Qu?rns#a i ln ra i im 9, 9,- ttam~ouu~IaImnmdszTuaPddw~an~su~wistAoIPguss~idi~u~uvoaoaB;n~s ~u'utw1sazdio.a

anlnanintt?m&u Tmu~oadiu'anis~a~dioadf i~~ nnomaudfi~u)*ifiu8anu

3w4 (Sheets 1987 : 2409 - A 61asaIu nun tt8au&'%J, 2532 : 30) ?di~lnis%u

$84 naiutduttnznaiunimna'a~~oan~lwfili RE tml(di l0~~0dGflE~~ iduacuunu~wvotn~

IwfiliTstAuudsznu8nvi 52 nu n2 124 nu imzQdnnsoalinEuu 74 nu wuiin~lwfilinasaz

t$u~~mnisiduariunn~oafia~saAuu nisdsztu'uwanisd~G~aiu nisimuiwtYnqns nis

Jsztu'uwnnis8nln nisu'mcrnis~nln tinzmsah~naiu8uiu6"fiu1uau duiihwuiutsn

oyTr (Amuso 1987 : 3261 - A diazalu nun n&au&%, 2532:30) ?divlims'ib t$oa unui~ni~u?wisaiuvoa~u?~1ssziunn1aIut~u3aa1tiu Tnviinvitdua~unaia

t~uiuiunuiw~t9ua?attazu~uiw#nimwa'avoa~u?w1ssziunaialut~u~na1tiu ain

nruznsrunisiau4otu &~?wissziunnit uazilnviPnis 335 nu tdoilnvi 3 diiu n"o

I. naiu~uiukoauwuiw~u~wisn'uTsa~uulu4oa~u 2. naiu8unir&oaunuiw(p13wisn"uqu~~up1uimlwfili

A d 1 3. na~uPiuiu~vo~~nn'nni~n'uw'nv~vo~~u?wiswu~ou~'~~iwvoanut~a

wnqtu nuii (u?msijnaiutduaomndoan'u n"o (iu'ufmsnaslWiJ?nln iivinvzlunis

afianaiuZuiu6"wi~uann'uqu~uttnznislPgsiialwoj q Gnaiu$&iumsWuTsaduu YiAIui

wfingas im~t$ilanaiaZuiu6"Tnsa~fianisimnis8nvi

60

6

0

Be

2

PP

PPR

8)

re

2

so

ee

g

&n

ee

g

a-

t-

(p

3"

Z

9- eg

: 3

%

L

'2

5-

s E

- c

2-

a=

O4

=

P-D

es

g

ps

3

2 ~

2-

&

Pa

- t

5

s

ee

se

en

ee

3-

r

3

ee 3

66

3

?t

er

e

9