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BY MODASSAR ANSARI 3RD Year Department of civil Engineering SUBJECT- Construction Technology And Management SUBJECT CODE-NCE 603

CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT

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Elements of Management and Network Techniques: Project Cycle, Organization, Planning, Scheduling, Monitoring, updating Management System in Construction.

UNIT 1

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• General overview of civil engineering projects• Procurement and contract management• Project planning and its implementation• Construction Technology• Use of IT in construction.

CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT

Project cycle management (PCM) is the process of planning, organizing, coordinating, and controlling of a project effectively and efficiently throughout its phases, from planning through execution then completion and review to achieve pre-defined objectives.

Projects go through definite and describable phases. Each phase can be brought to some sense of closure as the next phase begins. Phases can be made to result in deliverables or accomplishments to provide the starting point for the next phase. Phase transitions are ideal times to update planning baselines, to conduct high level management reviews, and to evaluate project costs and prospects.

Project cycle

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Planning & SchedulingPlanning:

Process of choosing the method and order of work is called planning.

Scheduling:Process of determining the interrelationship of associated timings of operations.

Budget approval Funds appropriation and authorization procedures Purchase requisition authorization procedure Contract award procedure Change order authorization procedure Time-keeping methods Priority determination methods Methods for resolving priority and conflict problems Accounting and audit requirements and procedures Required computer reports and their distribution Formal reporting and review procedures Informal reporting and review procedures Procedure for drawing and vendor data control

Schedule Management

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Steps in Construction Scheduling Splitting of the project into work activities Determining logic relationships/interrelationships

between activities. Construction of Network Diagrams. Assigning durations to work activities. CPM Calculations resulting in start times, finish times

and float calculations of activities. Marking of critical Path Construction of Bar Charts / Time phased diagrams.

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Network Technique

Any schematic display of the logical relationship of project activities.

Always drawn from left to right to reflect project chronology.

Usually a combination of arrows and nodes. Mainly of two types:

1. Arrow Diagram2. Node Diagram / Precedence Diagram

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Arrow Diagrams Activities shown by Arrows. Relationship between activities

shown by nodes / events. Length of arrows does not obey any scale. Start-to-finish relationships. Dummies. Numbering of nodes / events. Milestones Chart

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Arrow Diagrams

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Activity Durations Activity duration is forecasted by any of the several

means, including:

Any time units may be allotted to activity durations like days, hours, weeks, months, shifts, etc.

In CPM, a single duration is forecasted for an activity.

In PERT (Program Evaluation & Review Techniques), 3 durations are forecasted for an activity and mean taken by weighted average method. Then, Project’s Duration or any Event Completion Time is calculated by probability distribution.

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CPM Calculations

Calculates the following for each activityEST = Earliest Starting TimeEFT = Earliest Finishing TimeLST = Latest Starting TimeLFT = Latest Finishing TimeTF = Total FloatFF = Free Float

Total Float is Maximum time for which an activity can be delayed without delaying the project.

Free Float is maximum time for which an activity cane be delayed without delaying the start of proceeding activity.

Total Float = Free Float + Interfering Float

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Critical Path

The path (or paths) in the network diagram, from start to finish, on which all the activities have zero total and free floats, is called Critical Path.

It is the longest path (or paths) from start to finish in a net work diagram.

It gives minimum normal time to complete a project.

It is usually marked by double lined arrows in a network diagram.

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Node Diagrams Activities shown by Nodes, relationship between

Activities shown by arrows or links. Easier to construct. Generally no need of dummies. Instead dummies

used only to give single start or finish. CPM Calculations similar to Arrow diagrams.

Construction project management (CM) is a professional service that uses specialized, project management techniques to oversee the planning, design, and construction of a project, from its beginning to its end. The purpose of CM is to control a project's time, cost and quality.CM is compatible with all project delivery systems, including design & execution. However, professional construction managers are typically reserved for lengthy, large-scale, high budget undertakings (commercial real estate, transportation infrastructure, industrial facilities, military infrastructure, etc...), called capital projects.

Project management

The primary purpose of the Three-Phase Control System is to require the contractor to plan and schedule the work to ensure that he is prepared to start each new definable feature of work. The three phases of control (preparatory, initial, and follow-up) are the core of the Construction Quality Management System. When they are performed as outlined in the specifications, success in completing the work to comply with requirements of the contract is enhanced.

Management system in construction