neo-classicism ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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By: Ms. Susan M. PojerBy: Ms. Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Horace Greeley HS
Chappaqua, NYChappaqua, NY
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Overview of Neo-Overview of Neo-ClassicismClassicism$ Art produced in Europe and North
America from the mid-18c to the early 19c.
$ More than just an antique revival a reaction against the surviving Baroque & Rococo styles.
$ Linked to contemporary political events:S Revolutions established republics in
France and in America. [Neo-Classicism was adapted as the official art style].
S Association with the democracy of Greece and the republicanism of Rome.
S Napoleon used the style for propaganda.
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1. Excavations of the Ruins 1. Excavations of the Ruins of Italian Citiesof Italian Cities
Herculaneum in 1738.
Pompeii in 1748.
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2. Publication of Books on 2. Publication of Books on AntiquityAntiquity
James Stuart & Nicholas RevertAntiquities in Athens: 1762-1816.
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3. Arrival of the Elgin 3. Arrival of the Elgin MarblesMarbles
Thomas Bruce,7th Lord of ElginBritish Museum,
1806From the top façade of
the Parthenon in Athens.
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4. Johann Winckelmann’s 4. Johann Winckelmann’s Artists CircleArtists Circle
German art historian.
$ Artists should “imitate” the timeless, ideal forms of the classical world.
$ A circle of international artists gathered about him in the 1760s in Rome.
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Characteristics of Neo-Characteristics of Neo-ClassicismClassicism$ Return to the perceived “purity” of the
arts of Rome.$ Model the “ideal” of the ancient Greek
arts and, to a lesser, extent, 16c Renaissance classicism.
$ A conviction that there is a permanent, universal way things are (and should be), which obviously entails fundamental political and ethical commitments.
$ Sometimes considered anti-modern or even reactionary.
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Robert Robert AdamAdam
Scottish architect & designer Syon House
1760s
Syon HouseThe Red Salon
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Claude Nicholas LedouxClaude Nicholas Ledoux
$ Designed a pavilion in 1771 for the Comtesse du Barry at Louveciennes.
$ Designed a series of city gates for Paris (1785-1789).
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Claude Nicholas LedouxClaude Nicholas Ledoux
Rotunde de la Villette, Paris
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John WoodJohn Wood
“The Royal Crescent [Circus]” at Bath, England (1754).
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The “Empire Style”:The “Empire Style”: Charles Percier & Charles Percier & Pierre François Pierre François Léonard FontaineLéonard Fontaine $ Napoleon’s
official architects.
$ They remade Paris in the intimidating opulence of Roman imperial architectural style.
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Greek-Inspired Greek-Inspired ArchitectureArchitecture
Bank of England Rotunda
Sir John Soane, 1796 British Museum Portico
Sir Robert Smirke,1823-1847
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The “Federal Style” The “Federal Style” in in AmericaAmerica$ 1780 – 1820.
$ Thomas Jefferson’s influence.
Monticello, VA
University of VA
U. S. Capitol
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The “Greek Revival Style” The “Greek Revival Style” in in AmericaAmerica
Second Bank of the USPhiladelphia, 1824
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““Parnassus”Parnassus”Anton Raphael Mengs, 1761Anton Raphael Mengs, 1761
Mengs was the leading artist of early Neo-Classicism.
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““The Oath of Brutus”The Oath of Brutus”Gavin Hamilton, 1767Gavin Hamilton, 1767
The oath was sworn as a promise of individual revenge against a corrupt monarchy.
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““The Death of Socrates”The Death of Socrates”Jacques-Louis David, 1787Jacques-Louis David, 1787
The death of Socrates was a symbol of republican virtue.
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““The Oath of the Horatii”The Oath of the Horatii”Jacques-Louis David, 1784Jacques-Louis David, 1784
A depiction of dutiful patriotism.
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““The Consecration of Napoleon & The Consecration of Napoleon & Josephine”Josephine”
Jacques-Louis David, 1805-1807Jacques-Louis David, 1805-1807
A very different theme:The celebration of worldly splendor and power.
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““The Apotheosis of Homer”The Apotheosis of Homer”Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres,
18271827
This assembly of great artists and writers of all ages gathered to honor the ancient Greek poet before a
classical temple.
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““Romulus—Victory over Romulus—Victory over Acron”Acron”
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, 1812Ingres, 1812
Painted for Napoleon’s palace in Rome.
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““The Sabine Women”The Sabine Women”Jean Auguste Ingres, 1799Jean Auguste Ingres, 1799
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Neo-Classical SculptureNeo-Classical Sculpture$ Profoundly influenced by ancient art
since the Renaissance.$ Neo-Classical sculptors avoided the
dramatic twisting poses and colored marble surfaces characteristic of late Baroque and Rococo sculpture.
$ They preferred:S Crisp contours.S A noble stillness.S Idealized white marble forms.
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Antonio Antonio CanovaCanova
“Apollo Crowning Himself,” 1781 “Perseus with the Head of
Medusa,” 1804-1806
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Antonio Antonio CanovaCanova
“Paulina Bonaparte,” 1808
“Hercules”
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Bertel Bertel ThorvaldsenThorvaldsen
“Jason,”1803-1823 “Adonis,” 1808-
1832
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FurnitureFurniture$ The furniture designs used Greco-
Roman motifs.$ Became known as style étrusque
[“Etruscan style”] in France.$ Were favored by the court of Louis XV
and later by Napoleon I.
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Josiah Josiah WedgwoodWedgwood
Greek vases found in excavations became models for this new type of
ceramics.
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Neo-Classicism Continued Neo-Classicism Continued Into the 19c and Beyond….Into the 19c and Beyond….
$ By the mid-19s, several European cities were transformed into veritable museums of Neo-Classical architecture.
Brandenburg Gate, Berlin Buckingham Palace,
London
The Gate of Alcala, Madrid
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American Renaissance” American Renaissance” MovementMovement
$ A Neo-Classical expression in Beaux-Arts architecture.
Lincoln Memorial
American Museum of
Natural History
National Gallery of Art
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The “Sunset” of Neo-The “Sunset” of Neo-ClassicismClassicism$ Sir Edwin Lutyan a monumental city
plan for New Delhi during the British Raj.
Rashtrapati Bhavan[President’s House]
India Gate Monument