c+s @( h'nfO #), @)!&

dfgldg ;dfrf/ pnfgaf6/ / dËf]lnof dfgldg rr{x¿df

cfof]lht ¿dfnsf rËfO ;efx¿ k|]l/t kfjnsf] ;dodf, pxfFsf]

z/L/df 5f]P/ nluPsf ¿dfn jf k5f}/fx¿ /f]uL la/fdLx¿sxfF n}hfFbf F ltgLx¿sf z/L/af6 /f]u hfGy] / b'i6fTdfx¿ lg:sGy] -k|]l/t !(M!!–!@_ . o;/L g}, l;lgo/ kf:6/ 8f= h]/s nLn] k|fy{gf ul/lbg'ePsf ] ¿dfn dfkm {t \ , pb ]ssf sfo{x¿ k|s6 ePsf 5g\ / ljZjsf ljleGg efux¿df ¿dfnsf rËfO ;efx¿ cfof]hgf ePsf 5g\ .

;g\ @)!& sf] d] dlxgfdf, of];' dfgldg rr{df ;]jsfO ul//xg'ePsf] kf:6/ XofËof]k nLn] -t:jL/ !_ af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] afx'Notf /x]sf] d+uf]lnofsf] /fh-wfgL zx/ pnfgaf6/df ¿dfnsf] rËfO ;ef cfof]hgf ug{ 'ePsf] lyof] .

d ] !( df , pnfgaf6/ df-gldg rr{df ¿dfnsf ] klxnf ] rËfO ;ef cfof]hgf ePsf] lyof] -ldl;g]/L cgafof/ ugatf/_ . kf:6/ XofËof ]k nLn] ærË-f Ost f { k /d ] Z j / Æ - k | : y f g !%M@^_ zLif{sdf jrg k|rf/ ug{'eof], / ;b:ox¿sf] lz/df zlQmsf] ¿dfn 5'jfO{ k|fy{gf ul/lbg'eof] . efO{ abds/a hf] v'§fdf ePsf] kL8fsf] sf/0f p7\g / a:g ;Sg' x'GgYof], pxfF t'?Gt} kL8faf6 d'Qm x'g'eof] / 58L ljgf lxF8\g ;Sg] x'g'eof] . alxgL ;]h]s, hf] 9f8sf] kL8fsf] sf/0f ;'Tg / a:g ;Sg' x'GgYof], pxfFn] kljq cfTdfsf] cfuf] k|fKt ug{'eof] / b'vfOaf6 d'Qm x'g' eof] . cGo y'k|} dflg;x¿ pRr /Qmrfk, cwf{ +ujft -cfwf z/L/ rnfpg

g;Sg] u/L ePsf] kIf3ft_ / lxF8fO ;DaG-wL ;d:ofx¿af6 lgsf] x'g' eof] -t:jL/ $ / ^_ .

d] @! sf] laxfgLsf] ;dodf d+uf]lnof dfgldg rr{sf] !$ cf}+ jflif{sf]T;jsf] ;]jf bf}/fg kf:6/ XofËof]k nLn] @ sf]l/GyL (M^–* df cfwfl/t æ5g]{ / s6gL ug]{ ;DaGwL lgodÆ zLif{sdf jrg lbg'eof] -ldl;g]/L af ]6hf ] l/u Ko'/ ]a_ . lbpF;f ] , ;b:ox¿n] l6=eL=af6 l;lgo/ kf:6/ 8f= h]/s nLn] la/fdLx¿sf] nflu ul/lbg'ePsf]

/ ]s8{ ul/Psf] k|fy{gf u|x0f ug{ 'eof ] / kf:6/ nLn] ¿dfnsf ;fy pxfFx¿sf] lglDt k|fy{gf ul/lbg'eof] . y'k|} dflg;x¿ lxF8fO ;DaGwL ;d:ofx¿, afy, x/lgo]6]8 nDa/ l8:s -d]?b08sf] d'lglt/ /x]sf] l8:s jf rSsfdf ePsf] ;d:of_, pRr /Qmrfk, cwf{+ujft -cfwf z/L/ rnfpg g;Sg] u/L ePsf] kIf3ft_, d'6' / kmf]S;f] ;DaGwL /f]ux¿af6 lgsf] x'g'eof] / w]/}sf] cfFvfsf] b[li6df ;'wf/ cfof] -t:jL/ @, & b]lv (_ .

d] @@ sf] laxfgLdf, kf:6/ nLn] cGo

rr{x¿af6 cfpg 'ePsf kf:6/x¿l;t e]63f6 ug{ 'eof] / 8f= h]/s nL / df-gldgsf] ;]jsfOsf] af/ ]df pxf Fx¿nfO{ hfgsf/ L lbg 'eof ] -t:jL/ #_ , / d ] @) / @@ sf] lbpF;f]sf] ;dodf pxfFn] rr{sf ;]jsx¿ / ;b:ox¿l;t e]63f6 ug{ 'eO{ pxf Fx¿nfO{ ;'emfjx¿ lbg'eof ] . ;xefuLx¿n] cfˆgf] Åbo vf]Ng ;Sg' ePsf] xf ];\ egL dfgldg snf k|:t'lt ;ldltsf] kfj/ sf]/; ;d"xn] zlQmzfnL k|:t'ltx¿ lbg'ePsf] lyof] -t:jL/ %_ .

ædfgldg ujfx L PK; -dfgldg 6]l :6df]g L PKn Ls]zg_ sf ;fy ;';dfrf/ k|rf/ ug{'xf];\ ÛÆ

…dfgldg 6]l:6df]gLÚ, Ps df]afOn PKnLs]zg xf] h'grflxF ;g\ @)!& sf] d] @@ df z'? ePsf] lyof] . o;df k/d]Zj/sf] k|]d / zlQm cg'ej ug{'ePsf ;b:ox¿sf ujfxLx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ .

zlQmzfnL sfo{x¿sf] af/]df k|rf/ ub{} dflg;x¿ dfem ;';dfrf/ k|rf/ ug{ of] PKnLs]zg pkof]uL 5 . o;df rËfOsf ujfxLx¿nfO{ /fd|/L Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 h;n] ubf{ k|of]ustf{x¿ Tof] ;"rLaf6 nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg'x'g]5 . o; PKnLs]zg dfkm{t\ pxfFx¿n] ujfxL lbg'x'g]sf] t:jL/x¿ b]vfO c¿dfem k|rf/ ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 .

ToxfF 8f= h]/s nLsf] k|fy{gfåf/f zf/Ll/s czQm-

tf, 5fnf lrnfpg] ;d:of, 5fnfsf] /f]u, cfuf]n] kf]n]sf], afFemf]kgf, cl6Hd, 8fpg l;G8«f]d, Åbo3ft, dl:tis /Qm;|fj, Ifo/f]u, sdhf]/ b[li6, sdhf]/ >j0f zlQm, xf/fbf /f]u -cfFvfsf] gfgLdf cfPsf] ;d:of_, 8]+8f] kgf, sDd/ / lt3|faLrsf] hf]gL{df ePsf] ;+j|md0f, a|]g 6\o"d/, sf/ b'3{6gfsf k|ltc;/x¿, sfFwsf] x•L km':s]sf] cj:yf, efFlrPsf] gnL v'§f, aflËPsf] d]?b08, x/lgo]6]8 nDa/ l8:s -d]?b08sf] d'lglt/ /x]sf] l8:s jf rSsfdf ePsf] ;d:of_, ef]sn kf]lnk -:j/ /Hh'df df;' knfpg'_, k]l/6f]lgl6; -k]6 leq /x]sf cËx¿nfO{ 9fSg] kftnf] tGt'df ePsf] kL8f_, d[uf}nf tyf d"qfzodf

ePsf] kTy/L / PlDgcf]/x]lS;; -PlDgof]l6s :ofs h;leq /x]sf] t/n kbfy{df e|"0f /xG5 To;df ePsf] ;d:of_ h:tf ;d:ofx¿af6 rËfO kfPsf ujfxLx¿ 5g\ .

hf] sf]xLn] klg /f]ux¿ / ujfxL lbg'x'g]x¿sf] gfd vf]hL u/L tL ujfxLx¿ k9\g ;Sg'x'G5 . ;fy} l:j|mgsf] bfFoflt/sf] dflyNnf] efudf l;lgo/ kf:6/ 8f= h]/s nLsf] la/fdLx¿sf] nflusf] k|fy{gfsf] lrq -cfOsg_ klg /x]sf] 5 . tkfO{+x¿n] u'un Kn] :6f]/ dfkm{t\ of] PKnLs]zg df]afOndf /fVg ;Sg'x'G5 . u'un Kn] :6f]/sf] ;r{ aS;df "Manmin Testimony" 6fOk ug{'xf];\ / PKnLs]zg 8fpgnf]8 ug{'xf];\ .

Mongolia

1

3

5 66 7 8

4 9

2

…dfgldg 6]l:6df]gLÚ, Ps df]afOn PKnLs]zg xf] h'grflxF ;g\ @)!& sf] d] @@ df z'? ePsf] lyof] . o;df k/d]Zj/sf] k|]d / zlQm cg'ej ug{'ePsf ;b:ox¿sf ujfxLx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ .

zlQmzfnL sfo{x¿sf] af/]df k|rf/ ub{} dflg;x¿ dfem ;';dfrf/ k|rf/ ug{ of] PKnLs]zg pkof]uL 5 . o;df rËfOsf ujfxLx¿nfO{ /fd|/L Joj:yfkg ul/Psf] 5 h;n] ubf{ k|of]ustf{x¿ Tof] ;"rLaf6 nfeflGjt x'g ;Sg'x'g]5 . o; PKnLs]zg dfkm{t\ pxfFx¿n] ujfxL lbg'x'g]sf] t:jL/x¿ b]vfO c¿dfem k|rf/ ug{ ;Sg'x'g]5 .

ToxfF 8f= h]/s nLsf] k|fy{gfåf/f zf/Ll/s czQm-

tf, 5fnf lrnfpg] ;d:of, 5fnfsf] /f]u, cfuf]n] kf]n]sf], afFemf]kgf, cl6Hd, 8fpg l;G8«f]d, Åbo3ft, dl:tis /Qm;|fj, Ifo/f]u, sdhf]/ b[li6, sdhf]/ >j0f zlQm, xf/fbf /f]u -cfFvfsf] gfgLdf cfPsf] ;d:of_, 8]+8f] kgf, sDd/ / lt3|faLrsf] hf]gL{df ePsf] ;+j|md0f, a|]g 6\o"d/, sf/ b'3{6gfsf k|ltc;/x¿, sfFwsf] x•L km':s]sf] cj:yf, efFlrPsf] gnL v'§f, aflËPsf] d]?b08, x/lgo]6]8 nDa/ l8:s -d]?b08sf] d'lglt/ /x]sf] l8:s jf rSsfdf ePsf] ;d:of_, ef]sn kf]lnk -:j/ /Hh'df df;' knfpg'_, k]l/6f]lgl6; -k]6 leq /x]sf cËx¿nfO{ 9fSg] kftnf] tGt'df ePsf] kL8f_, d[uf}nf tyf d"qfzodf

ePsf] kTy/L / PlDgcf]/x]lS;; -PlDgof]l6s :ofs h;leq /x]sf] t/n kbfy{df e|"0f /xG5 To;df ePsf] ;d:of_ h:tf ;d:ofx¿af6 rËfO kfPsf ujfxLx¿ 5g\ .

hf] sf]xLn] klg /f]ux¿ / ujfxL lbg'x'g]x¿sf] gfd vf]hL u/L tL ujfxLx¿ k9\g ;Sg'x'G5 . ;fy} l:j|mgsf] bfFoflt/sf] dflyNnf] efudf l;lgo/ kf:6/ 8f= h]/s nLsf] la/fdLx¿sf] nflusf] k|fy{gfsf] lrq -cfOsg_ klg /x]sf] 5 . tkfO{+x¿n] u'un Kn] :6f]/ dfkm{t\ of] PKnLs]zg df]afOndf /fVg ;Sg'x'G5 . u'un Kn] :6f]/sf] ;r{ aS;df "Manmin Testimony" 6fOk ug{'xf];\ / PKnLs]zg 8fpgnf]8 ug{'xf];\ .

2 h Ljgsf] jrg

k|e'sf ] cd"No /utåf/f xfdL kfkx¿af6 Ifdf kfO{ k/d]Zj/sf 5f ]/f5f ]/Lx¿ ePsf 5f }+ . ca, xfdLn] k/d]Zj/sf ] jrg / k |fy{gfåf/f :jod\nfO{ kljq agfpg' kb{5 -! ltdf ]yL $M%_ . xfd|f ] v/fa ljj]s x6]/ uO{ xfdLdf ljZjf;sf] k"0f{ e/f ];f ePsf] ;fFrf ] Åbo ePsf] v08df, xfdLn] k|fy{gfdf dfu]sf ] h'g;'s} s'/f klg xfdL k|fKt ug{ ;Sg]5f }+ -lxa|" !)M@@Ù ! o"xGgf #M@!–@@_ .

k/d]Zj/n] rfxg' ePsf] h:tf ] ;fFrf ] Åbo xfl;n ug{sf ] nflu xfdLn] s] ug{ 'k5{ eGg] s'/f cfh xfdL x]g ]{5f }+ .

tkfO{+df c;Totf x'g'xF 'b }g .sn:;L #M(–!) n] eGb5, æPp6fn ] csf{nfO{ g9f F6,

lsgls k '/fgf ] :jefj To;sf rng;d ]t ltdLx¿n ] Tofu]sf 5f }, / gofF :jefj wf/0f u/]sf 5f }, hf ] cfˆgf ] ;[li6stf{sf ] ¿kcg';f/ 1fgdf gofF eO/x]sf ] 5 .Æ xfdLn] hfgLhfgL xf ];\ jf cghfgdf xf ];\ em"6 af ]Ng'xF 'b }g .

s]xL dflg;x¿ af ]Nbf jf ;"rgf lbFbf Tof ] s'/f ;To xf ] ls xf ]Og egL hfFRb } ghfFrL ;Toem }+ atfpg] ub{5g\ . s]xLn] eg] cfˆgf ] cg'dfgnfO{ ;To tYo h:t} u/L atfpg] ub{5g\ . s]xLn] eg] s]xL sfo{ ug]{5 ' egL eGb5g\ t/ t'?Gt } To;nfO{ lal;{xfNb5g\ . o;sf ;fy } ltgLx¿df c;Totf ePsf ] v08df ltgLx¿n] ck|f;+lus pQ/x¿ lbg] ub{5g\ .

dfgf }+ s'g } ldzg ;d"xsf ] cWoIfn] cu'jfx¿ dWo] Ps hgfnfO{ ;efdf pkl:yt ;b:ox¿sf] ;+Vof uGgsf nflu

eGg'eof ] . t/ tL cu'jfn] ;a} ;xefuLx¿sf] ;+Vof gugL xr'jfsf ] e/df hfgsf/L lbg'eof ] . Tof ] ;"rgf ;To lyPg . kl5af6 To; cu'jfn ] lbg'ePsf ] ;"rgf unt ePsf ] k 'li6 eof ] . ;xefuLx¿sf ] ;+VofnfO{ 7Lsl;t ghf Fr ]sf ] tYonfO{ :jLsfg{ ' kbf{ pxfFnfO{ nfh nfUb5 . æh] x'g' lyof ] eO{ ;Sof ] ]Æ eGg] ;f ]rL pxfF cfˆgf ] uNtL dx;'; ug{ 'x 'Gg . o; k|sf/ pxfF em"7k|lt c;+j]bgzLn aGg'x'G5 .

olb pxf Fn ] o:tf ] sfo{nfO { bf ]xf ]¥ofO { /xg 'x 'G5 eg ], pxfFsf ;xsdL{x¿n] pxfFl;t c;lhnf] dx;'; ug]{5g\ / pxfFsf ] cgf1fsfl/tfsf ] sf/0f pxfFl;t ;xsfo{ ug{ rfxg] 5 }gg\ . dfgf }+ cWoIfn] tL cu'jfsf ] af/ ]df c¿l;t ;f ]Wg'eof ], / oxL df }sfdf cGo ;xsdL{x¿n] pxfFsf ] af/ ]df eGg yfN5g\ .

æpm ;w}F em"6 af ]N5 . sf ]xL klg pml;t sfd ug{ rfxFb }g .Æ s] of ] ;To xf ] < xf ]Og . pxfFn] ;"rgf t lbg'eof ] t/ ;+Vof u0fgf gu/L xr'jfsf ] e/df lbg'ePsf] lyof ] .

t;y{, xfdLdf ;fFrf ] Åbo ePsf] xf ];\ egL xfdLn] ;w}Fel/ k|fy{gf ug{ ' kb{5 / xfd|f af ]nLjrg tyf sfo{x¿df c;Totfk"0f{ s'/fx¿ 5g\ ls egL x/;do cfkm }nfO{ hfFr]/ x ]g{ ' kb{5 . olb xfdLdf yf ]/ } dfq c;Totfk"0f { s'/fx¿ 5g\ eg] klg xfdLn] hf ]lznf ] k|fy{gfåf/f To;nfO{ TofUg' kb{5 .

tkfO{+df kl/jt{g x'g ] dg x'g'xF 'b }g .;Tosf ] k/d ]Zj/ cfˆgf 5f ]/f5f ]/Lx¿df ;f ]emf ] Åbo

ePsf] rfxg'x'G5 . Psk6s ;Totf hfg]kl5, To;dflysf] tkfO{ +sf ] ljZjf; 8udufpg' x F 'b }g . ;Totf k5Øfpg ] dgl:ylt agfO ;s]kl5, km ]l/ tkfO{+n ] kl/l:ylt cg';f/ cfˆgf ] dgf ]j[lQ kl/jt{g ug{ 'xF 'b }g .

kl/jt{g x 'g ] dgrflx F z/L/sf ] :jefj xf ] . cfˆgf ] Psdfq k'q lbg'x'g ] k/d]Zj/sf] k| ]d / j|m ";sf ] k|e'sf ] k| ]d ;DembfF ltgLx¿ cfF;' aufpg] ub{5g\ . t/ csf]{ If-0fdf ltgLx¿ ;+;f/lt/ x ]b {5g\ / km ]l/ kfkx¿ ub{5g\ . o:tf y'k| } dflg;x¿ 5g\ h;n] k|f0f3fts /f ]ux¿ jf 7"nf ljklQx¿af6 ;'/Iff kfP/ klg kl5af6 k/d]Zj/nfO{ Tofu]/ uPsf 5g\ .

s]xLn] eg] uf ]7fnf ]sf ] alnbfgnfO{ dx;'; u/L wGoj-flbtfsf cfF;' aufpFb } cfTdfdf kl/jt{g x'g ]5' egL eGg] ub{5g\ . ltgLx¿ s8f kl/>d klg ub{5g\ t/ ;f ]r ]sf ] h:tf ] kl/0ffd gcfpFbf ltgLx¿ lg/fz aGb5g\ . o;n] ltgLx¿df ;fFrf ] Åbo gePsf] s'/fnfO{ k'li6 ub{5 .

unftL ^M( n] eGb5, æenfO ug]{ sfddf xfdL gyfsf }+, lsgeg] olb lxDdt xf/ ]gf }+ eg] 7Ls ;dodf xfdL s6gL ug]{5f }+ .Æ tkfO{+sf ] dg kl/jt{g x'g ] b/ hlt sd x'G5 Tolt g} a9L dfqfdf tkfO{+n ] k/d]Zj/, k|e' / uf ]7fnf ]sf ] k| ]dnfO{ ljZjf; ug{ ;Sg'x 'g ]5 . olb tkfO{+n ] cfkm"leq kl/jt{g x'g ] :jefj kQf nufpg' ePsf] 5 eg], cfkm"n] u/]sf ] k|lt1fnfO{ kfngf ug]{ afgL tkfO{+n ] a;fNg' kb{5 .

dfgf }+ tkfO{+n ] lg/Gt/ k|fy{gf ug]{ / x/ /ft bflgon k|fy{gf ;efdf ;xefuL x'g ] ;f ]r agfpg'ePsf] 5 . t/, olb tkfO{+df kl/jt{g x'g] dg 5 eg], slxn]sfxLF tkfO{+ l9nf ] cfpg 'x 'g ]5 jf l56 } hfg 'x 'g ]5 jf k |fy {gf ;ef 5'6fpg' x'g ]5 . olb tkfO{+n ] o:tf ] ul//xg' ePsf] 5 eg], tkfO{+n ] km ]l/ Ps k6s cfˆgf ] dgnfO{ b[9 kfg{ ;Sg'x'G5 . Psk6s 5 '6 \of ] eGb }df tkfO { +n ] To;nfO { TolQms } 5f ]8\g' x' Fb }g . tkfO{+ csf]{ lbg ;xefuL aGg ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfO{+nfO{ cfkm" kl/jt{g ePsf] dx;'; x'G5 eg], tkfO{+n ] km ]l/ z'? ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . olb tkfO{+sf ] dg km ]l/ kl/jt{g

eof ] eg], tkfO{+n ] km ]l/ z'? ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . o;f ] ug{ ' eof ] eg], tkfO{+ cfˆgf ] ÅbonfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg] JolQm aGg ;Sg'x'g ]5 .

tkfO{ + ;efdf ;xefuL x'g ] lg0f {o ug{ 'x 'G5, t/ ;do ePkl5 tkfO{+ cfˆgf ] dg kl/jt{g ug{ 'x 'G5 . tkfO{+ o:tf ] ;f ]Rg'x'G5, æs] d ToxfF hfg} k5{ / < cflv/ d]/f ] ToxfF s'g } lhDd]jf/L g} 5}g, km ]l/ cfkm"nfO{ oxfF EofO{ gEofO{ 5 .Æ o; k |sf/sf ] kl/l:yltdf, tkfO { + cfkm "n ] u/ ]sf ] lg0f {onfO{ k"/f ug{sf ] vflt/ ePklg To; ;efdf hfg ;Sg'x 'G5 . dfgf } + tkfO{ +n ] s'g } JolQmnfO{ ;xfotf ug ]{ lg0f{o ug{ ' ePsf] 5 . t/ ;xfotf lbg] ;dodf, tkfO{+ lxrlsrfpg' eof ] . o:tf ] cj:yfdf, dgnfO{ kl/jt{g x'g glbgsf ] nflu tkfO{ + cfkm "n ] u/ ]sf ] lg0f {onfO{ k"/f ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . o; k|sf/ w"t{ / kl/jt{g x'g ] dg kl/jt{g ug{ 'x 'G5 eg] tkfO{ +n ] l56 } g } ;f Frf ] Åbo ;Dj4{g ug{ ;Sg'x'g ]5 .

tkfO{+n ] cfˆgf ] kmfObf vf ]Hg' x' Fb }g .! sf ]l/GyL !)M@#–@$ n] eGb5, æ;a} s'/f Gofo;Ët

5g\, t/ ;a} s'/f kmfObfsf 5}gg\ . ;a} s'/f Gofo;Ët 5g\, t/ ;a} s'/fn ] ;'wf/ ub }{gg\ . s;}n ] klg cfˆgf ] enfO gvf]hf ];\, t/ cfˆgf ] l5d]sLsf ] enfO vf ]hf ];\ .Æ

cfh y'k | } dflg;x¿ c¿sf ] geO{ cfˆg } kmfObf vf ]Hb5g\ . cfˆgf ] kmfObfsf] vflt/ ltgLx¿ ljZjf; jf d"No dfGotfnfO{ TofUb5g\ / cg}lts sfo{x¿ jf cdfgjLo ultljlwx¿df ;xefuL xF 'b5g\ .

@ sf ]l/GyL !! cWofodf n]lvPem }+, ;';dfrf/ k|rf/ ug]{ j|mddf k| ]l/t kfjn h]ndf kg{ ' ePsf] lyof ] / y'k| } k6s d[To 'sf ] d 'vdf ;d ]t k 'Ug ' ePsf ] lyof ] . pxf F r9 ]sf ] hxfh lalu|Psf ] lyof ] / pxfFn] cfˆgf ] hflt, cGohflt / em"6f efOx¿af6 ;d]t hf ]lvdsf] ;fdgf ug{ ' k/]sf ] lyof ] . pxfFn] lgb|f, ef ]s / ltvf{nfO{ ;xg' k/]sf ] lyof ] / 7G8L / gUgtfdf kg{ ' ePsf] lyof ] . pxfFn] cfˆgf ] ;'v / ;'/Iff eGbf klg k/d]Zj/sf] /fHo k"/f ug]{ s'/f Wofg lbg'eof ] . lsgeg] c¿nfO{ ;';dfrf/ k|rf/ ug{ kfpFbf pxfF cfgl-Gbt aGg'x'GYof ] .

olb tkfO{ + cfˆg } kmfObf vf ]Hg ] dgnfO{ TofUg'x 'G5 / k| ]l/t kfjnn] h:t } k/d]Zj/sf ] dlxdf dfq vf ]Hg 'x 'G5 eg ], k/d ]Zj/ cfglGbt aGg 'x 'g ]5 / pxf Fn ] tkfO { +sf ] lhDdf lng ' x 'g ]5 . pxf Fn ] tkfO { +nfO { ljZjf;sf ] k "0f { e/f ];fdf ;f Frf ] Åbo xfl;n ug ] { cflzif \ lbg 'x 'g ]5 / tkfO{ +n ] c;+Vos cfTdfx¿nfO{ d'lQmsf ] dfu{df 8f ]¥ofpg ;Sg'ePsf ] xf ];\ egL tkfO{ +nfO{ zlQm lbg'x 'g ]5 . o;afx ]s, pxfFn ] tkfO{ +nfO{ :ju{df dxfg\ JolQm aGg ] cflzif \ klg lbg'x 'g ]5 .

o; k|sf/, ha tkfO{+ k/d]Zj/sf] dlxdf -! sf]l/GyL !)M#!_ / c¿sf] kmfObf vf ]Hg'x'G5, ta tkfO{+n ] ;fFrf ] Åbo ;Dj4{g ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 .

v|Li6df lk|o bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLx¿, tkfO{+ cfˆg} ;fdYo{åf/ ;Totfk"0f{, ckl/jt{gLo / cfˆg} kmfObf gvf]Hg] ;fFrf ] Åbo xfl;n ug{ ;Sg'x'Gg .

hf ]lznf ] k|fy{gf, jrgsf] z:q, k/d]Zj/sf] cg'u|x tyf ;fdYo{ / kljq cfTdfsf ] ;xfotfåf/f dfq tkfO{+n ] o;nfO{ xfl;n ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 . tkfO{+n ] ljZjf;sf] k"0f{ e/f ];fdf ;fFrf ] Åbo k|fKt ug{ 'ePsf ] xf ];\ / k/d]Zj/sf ] l;+xf;g ePsf ] gof F o¿zn]ddf k |j ]z ug{ 'ePsf ] xf ];\ egL d k|e'sf ] gfpFdf k|fy{gf ub{5' .

;fFrf] Åbo

c+s @* hgj/L #), @)!& Dffgldg ;dfrf/

8f= h]/s nL

æxfd|f Åbo v/fa ljj]saf6 5sf]{åf/f rf]

VofOP/ / z'4 kfg Ln] xfd|f] z/ L/nfO{ wf]

P/ ;fFrf] Åbon] l jZjf;sf] ;Dk"0f{ e/f];fdf

xfd L k/d]Zj/sf] ;d Lk hfcf}+Æ

-l xa|" !)M@@_ .

!= dfgldg s]lGb|o d08nLn] ljZjf; ub{5 ls afOan k/d]Zj/åf/f lbOPsf] l;4 / q'l6/lxt jrg xf] .@= dfgldg s]lGb|o d08nL lqPs k/d]Zj/ M kljq lktf k/d]Zj/, kljq k'q k/d]Zj/ / kljq cfTdf k/d]Zj/sf] PsTj / sfo{df ljZjf; ub{5 .#= dfgldg s]lGb|o d08nLn] ljZjf; ub{5 ls xfdLn] xfd|f] kfksf] Ifdf s]jn o]z"

v|Li6sf] 5'6sf/f lbg] /utåf/f k|fKt ub{5f}+ .$= dfgldg s]lGb|o d08nL o]z" v|Li6sf] k'g?Tyfg / :juf{/f]x0f, pxfFsf] bf];|f] cfudg / ;x;|fAbL / cgGt :ju{df ljZjf; ub{5 .%= dfgldg s]lGb|o d08nLsf ljZjf;Lx? x/]sk6s e]nf x'Fbf æk|]l/tx?sf] ljZjf;sf] ;f/Æ åf/f cfkm\gf] ljZjf; :jLsf/ ub{5g\ / To;df zAbzM ljZjf; ub{5g\ .

ljZjf;sf] :jLsf/f]lQmdfgldg s]lGb|o d08nLåf/f k|sflzt

k|sfzs M h]/s nLJoj:yfkg ;Dkfbs M Uo "d; "g ljg

@%#–u"/f]–# 8"Ë, u"/f]–u", l;of]n sf]l/of -kf]i6n sf]8 )*#*(_kmf]g M *@–@–*!*–&)$&, km\ofS;M *@–@–*!*–&)$*

http: //www.manmin.org/englishOd ]n: manminministry@hotmail.com

dfgldg ;dfrf/ Nepali

ælsgeg] pxfF -k/d]Zj/_ n] g} dflg;x?nfO{ hLjg, ;f; / ;a} lrh lbg'x'G5 .Æ -k|]l/t !&M@%_æc? s;}df d'lQm 5}g, lsgls xfdLn] d'lQm kfpgnfO{ :ju{d'lg dflg;x?df csf]{ s'g} gfpF lbOPsf] 5}g .Æ -k|]l/t $M!@_

3 cfj/0f syfc+s @* hgj/L #), @)!& Dffgldg ;dfrf/

k|e'df gd| dflg;

aF'bf !gd| JolQmsf af]nLjrgx¿ zfnLg x'G5g\

aF'bf @gd| JolQmn] :jod\nfO{ xf]Rofpg'x'G5 / ;a} s'/fx¿df c¿nfO{ ;]jf k'¥ofpg'x'G5

aF'bf #gd| JolQmn] ckl/jt{gLo ¿kdf ;b}j k/d]Zj/nfO{ wGojfb lbg'x'G5

Pp6f egfO 5, ækmn w]/} nfu]kl5 xfFuf em'Sb5 .Æ o]z"n] klg eGg'ePsf] 5 ls cfkm"nfO{ gd| t'Nofpg] JolQm g} :juL{o /fHodf ;a}eGbf dxfg\ x'g]5 -dQL !*M$Ù @#M!!_ . gd| JolQmdf skf; h:t} Åbo x'g] ePsfn] ubf{, pxfFn] y'k|} dflg;x¿nfO{ cFufNg ;Sg'x'g]5 / dflg;x¿ pxfF sxfF cfpg]5g\ / ;fGTjgf kfpg]5g\ . ca xfdL k/d]Zj/n]

dfGotf lbg'x'g] gd|tfsf tLgj6f kIffx¿sf af/]df x]/f}+ .

cfkm"nfO{ xf]RofO{ c¿nfO{ prfNbf tkfO{ + gd| 7xl/g' x'g]5 . gd| JolQmsf af ]nLjrgx¿ zfnLg x'G5g\ . pxf Fx¿ af ]nLargx¿df dfq cfkm "nfO{ xf ]Rofpg] jf c¿nfO{ prfNg] ug { 'x ' Gg t/ cfkm "nfO { eGbf a9L c¿nfO { dfGotf klg lbg'x'G5 . To;sf/0f pxfFx¿ c¿k|lt cfb/k"0f { zAbx¿ k|of]u ug{ 'x'G5 .

pxf Fx¿ cfˆgf ] 1fgsf ] dfgsåf/f c¿sf s '/ fx¿nfO { cjx]ngf ug] { jf c:jLsf/ ug] { ug{ 'x'Gg . c¿n] af]Nb} ubf{ pxfFx¿ aLrdf afwf k'¥ofpg' x'Gg t/ clGtd ;Dd} p;n] eg]sf s'/fx¿ ;'lglbg'x 'G5 . s'g} s'/f ;xL h:tf ] gnfu]tfklg, pxfF t'?Gt} ltgLx¿nfO{ unt 7fGg'x'Gg .

cfkm "eGbf ;fgfx¿n ] s ]xL s '/ f cf } F NofOlb Fb f pxf Fx¿

sli6t dx;'; ug{ 'x'Gg t/ wGojflbtfsf ;fy To;nfO{ u|x0f ug{ 'x'G5 . pxfFx¿ cfˆgf] bf]if kQf nufpg / cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ k|of; ug{ ' x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf] Åbo g} gd| Åbo xf] .

dfgf} + tkfO{ +sf ] uNtLsf] sf/0f tkfO{ +n] xKsL kfpg'eof] . olb To; s'/fsf] lglDt wGojfbL x'g 5f]8]/ tkfO{ + cfkm"leq v/fa efjgfx¿ wf/0f ug{ 'x ' G5 / kl/l:ylt af/ ] ugug ug{'x'G5 eg], tkfO{ +df 3d08 ePsf] s'/fnfO{ tkfO{ +n] dx;'; ug{'kb{5 .

xfdLn] gd| af]nLjrgåf/f c¿nfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg / ;do ;fk]lIft ;'wf/sf af]nLjrgx¿ af]Ng k|oTg ug{ 'kb{5 . ta dfq xfd|f zAbx¿n] ;'Gg] JolQmnfO{ cg'u|x k|bfg ug{ ;S5 .

rr{df cfb/sf] kbdf /x]sf] eGb}df gd| JolQmdf c¿af6 ;]jf kfpg] rfxgf x F 'b }g . ;f FRr} gd| JolQmx¿n] o ]z "n ] ug{ ' ePsf] ;]jfsf] pbfx/0fnfO{ k5\ofpg'x'G5 / pxfFx¿sf] ljZjf; hlt a9L x'G5 TolQ g} dfqfdf pxf Fx¿ ljZjf;L bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLx¿nfO{ k| ]d ug{ 'x'G5 / ltgLx¿sf] ;]jfdf cfkm}nfO{ ;dlk{t ug{ 'x'G5 .

xfd|f ] k|e' o]z" k/d]Zj/l;t ;d¿k x'g'eP/ klg pxf Fn] :jod\nfO{ l/TØfpg'eof ] / sdf/fsf ] ¿k wf/0f ug{ 'eof ] . pxfFn] ;a} dflg;x¿ cyf{t\ ;a} kfkLx¿sf] ;]jf ug{ 'eof] . cfˆgf r]nfx¿sf] v'§f wf]Olbg'eP/ / ;a} kfkLx¿sf] 5'6sf/sf] d"No :j¿k cfˆgf] hLjg lbg'eP/ pxfFn] ;]jfsf] Ps l;4 pbfx/0f b]vfpg' eof] .

To;f]eP s] xfdLdf w]/} s'/fsf] sdL 5 / c;dy{ 5f} + eGb} xfdL ;+s'lrt aGg] t < s] of] v|Li6df gd| ePsf] dgf]j[lQ xf] < xf]Og . k|e'df ;fFRr} gd| x'g'ePsf JolQmx¿n] lkmlnKkL

$M!# df n]lvPem} + æh;n] dnfO{ zlQm lbg'x'G5, pxfFdf g} d ;a s'/f ug{ ;S5'Æ eGg] :jLsf/f]lQm lbg'x'g]5 . To:tf dflg;x¿ ;lj|mo ag]/ k/d]Zj/sf] sfddf cu|tf lng'x'G5, t/ cfˆgf] s'/f dfGg c¿nfO{ s/ nufpg' x'Gg . pxfFx¿n] xflb{stfk"j{s c¿sf] ;]jf u/L ltgLx¿nfO{ ljZjf;of]Uo x'g ;xof]u ug{ 'x'G5 . pxfFx¿ cf1fsfl/tf, ;]jf / k| ]dsf ;fy k/d]Zj/sf sfo{x¿ ug{ 'x'G5 h;n] ubf{ pxfFx¿n] k/d]Zj/sf sfo{x¿ k"/f u/L k/d]Zj/nfO{ dlxdf lbg ;Sg'x'G5 .

ha xfdL k"0f { ¿kdf cfkm "nfO{ gd| t'NofO{ c¿sf] ;]jf ub{5f} +, ta xfdLn] c¿sf uNtL jf sdLsdhf]/Lx¿ b]Vg] 5}gf} + . xfdLn] ltgLx¿nfO{ a'‰g] 5f} + . xfdLn] cfkm"nfO{ eGbf a9L c¿nfO{ dxTj lbPsf]n] ubf{, ltgLx¿af6 c;n s'/fx¿ l;Sg] rfxgf xfdLdf xF 'b5 . ltgLx¿af6 uNtL ePtfklg, ltgLx¿n] cfˆgf uNtLx¿ dx;'; u?g\ eGg] x ]t 'n ] xfdL ltgLx¿nfO{ k| ]dsf ;fy xKsfpg] 5f} + .

k|]l/t kfjnn] dxfg\ / zlQmzfnL sfo{x¿ ug'{ eP/ k/d]Zj/sf] /fHonfO{ lj:tf/ ug{'ePsf] lyof], t/}klg pxfFn] x/;do cfkm"nfO{ gd| t'Nofpg'eof] . pxfFn] lg/Gt/ k/d]Zj/ / k|e'df cfˆgf] wGojflbtfsf] :jLsf/f]lQm lbg'eof] .

æt/ d hf] 5', Tof] k/d]Zj/sf] cg'u|xn] 5', / ddfly ePsf] pxfFsf] cg'u|x Joy{ ePg . a? d}n] t ltgLx¿ ;a}n] eGbf a9L kl/>d u/]+ . t}klg d}n] xf]OgF, d;Fu ePsf k/d]Zj/sf] cg'u|xn] xf]Æ -! sf]l/GyL !%M!)_ .

æd v|Li6;Fu} j|m ";df 6fFluPsf] 5', ca pk|fGt lhpg] d xf]OgF, t/ v|Li6 ddf lhpg'x'G5 . h'g hLjg z/L/df d clxn] lhpF5', Tof ] k/d]Zj/sf k'qdf ljZjf; u/]/ lhpF5', h;n] dnfO{ k| ]d ug{ 'eof], / d]/f] lglDt cfkm"nfO{ ck{0f ug{ 'eof]Æ -unftL @M@)_ .

pxfF olt gd| x'g'x'GYof] ls pxfFn] :jod\nfO{ k"0f { ¿kdf OGsf/ ug{ 'ePsf ] lyof ] / pxf F s ]jn k |e 'sf ] dlxdf ug{ rfxg'x'GYof], To;sf/0f pxfFn] ;w}Fel/ cg'u|xsf] af/]df :jLsf/f]

lQm lbg ;Sg'eof] . k|e'df ljZjf; ug]{x¿nfO{ ;tfj6 lbg] pxfF h:tf] JolQmnfO{ Ifdf lbg'x'g] / cGohfltx¿sf k|]l/tsf] ¿kdf lgo'Qm ug{ 'x 'g] k|e'sf] dxfg\ cg'u|xnfO{ pxfFn] slxNo} klg la;{g' ePg . pxfFn] cg'u|xnfO{ ;w}Fel/ klj|m/xg' ePsf]n] ubf{ clGtd If0f ;Dd g} pxfF ljZjf;of]Uo x'g ;Sg'eof] .

gd| dflg; ;b}j cfkm"n] k|fKt u/]sf] cg'u|xk|lt wGojfbL aGg'x'G5 / s[t1tfsf] :jLsf/f]lQm lbg'x'G5 . plrt cj;/x¿df pxfF s[t1tf k|s6 ug{'x'G5 . pxfF cfˆgf] klxnf] k|]dnfO{ slxNo} klg u'dfpg'x'Gg / Tof] eGbf cem a9L e/k"l/sf ;fy hLjg lhpg' x'G5 . pxfF cfˆgf ;a} st{Jox¿ /fd|/L k"/f ug{'x'G5 / gd| Åbosf ;fy ;a}sf] ;]jf ug{'x'G5 .

k/d]Zj/nfO{ pxfFsf] cg'u|xsf] lglDt x/ ;do k|fy{gf / k|z+;f ub} { wGojfb r9fcf} + . plrt ;dodf xfd|f ] s[t1tf k|s6 u/f}+ . o;f] ugf{n] xfdL ;b}j k/d]Zj/sf] k|]d / cflzif\df lhpg ;Sg]5f}+ . æcfˆgf] ktgsf] cl3 dflg;sf] Åbo 3d08L x'G5, t/ cfb/ cfpg cl3 gd|tf cfpF5Æ -lxtf]kb]z !*M!@_ .

4 Dffgldg ;dfrf/ujfx Lx¿ c+s @* hgj/L #), @)!&

ædnfO{ b[li6ljlxg agfpg} nfu]sf] sf]lg{ol6;\ -cfFvfsf] ;]tf] efu jf sf]lg{ofdf ePsf] ;+j|md0f_ af6 d lgsf] ePF ÛÆ

d]/f] hGdb]lv g} d rr{ hfg] ub{y]F . t/ dfWolds ljBfnodf hfg yfn]kl5, ddf ;+;f/k|ltsf] pT;'stf hfUg yfNof] . ;g\ @)!) sf] h'g dlxgfdf, d]/f ] ;fyLn] dnfO{ hGdlbgsf] pkxf/ :j¿k sn/ n ] G; -cf Fvfsf ] gfgLdf nu fpg ld Ng ] / + l ug n ] G; _ lbg 'eof ] / d }n ] Tof ] nufpg yfn ] F . t/ gf ]e ] Da/ dlxgfb ]lv, d ]/ f ] cf Fvfdf ;d:of b ]lvg yfNof ] . d]/f cf Fvfx¿ /ut hd] h:t} /ftf ]/ftf ] eof ] / lkkx¿ aUg yfn] . cf Fvfsf ] lk8fsf ] sf/0f d lgbfpg klg ;lSbgy] F .

tL nIf0 fx¿n ] dnfO { b ' Mv lbO/x] . ;g\ @)!! sf] hgj/L dlxgfdf, d}n] l;lgo/ kf:6/ 8f= h]/s nLsf] k|fy{gf u|x0f u/] F . z'?df t s]xL ;'wf/ ePsf] h:tf] b]lvPtfklg s]xL dlxgf kl5 km]l/ 6fpsf] b'Vg z'? eof] . aQLsf] pHofnf] d]/f] cfFvfn] ;xg ;Sb}gYof], To;sf/0f 3/df a:bf d aQL lgefP/ a:by]F . ;a} s'/f wldnf] b]lvGYof] . cj:yf emg} uDeL/ aGb}hfFbf d cfkm" ;fd' /x]sf] JolQmnfO{ klg 7Dofpg ;lSbgy]F .

ykcem, dnfO { P6f ] lks 8ld{6fOl6;\ -5fnf lrn-fpg] /f]u_ klg nfUof] . d]/f kfv'/fx¿, 3fF6L, cg'xf/ / v'§fx¿el/ /utsf 6f6f / kmf]sfx¿ lyP . d x/]s lbg ?Gy]F / d ljBfno hfg ;lSbgy]F .

d]/f] kl/jf/n] sf/0f kQf nufpg k|of; u¥of] / d]/f] a'afn] k/d]Zj/sf] ;fd' uNtLx¿ ug{'ePsf] sf/0f o:tf] x'g cfPsf] s'/f kQf nfUof] . d]/f] a'jfn] dnfO{ ;a}eGbf a9L k|]d ug{' x'g] ePsf]n] ubf{ pxfFl;tsf] cflTds aGw-gsf] sf/0f ddfly o:tf] /f]ux¿ cfOk/]sf] s'/f l;lgo/ kf:6/n] xfdLnfO{ atfpg'eof] . d]/f] a'jfn] Psbd} kZr-fQfk ug{'eof] / d]/f] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] Ps;fy l;lgo/ kf:6/af6 k|fy{gf u|x0f u¥of}+ . clg d 5fnf lrnfpg] /f]uaf6 lgsf] ePF .

t/ d]/f] cfFvfsf] ;d:of eg] h:tfsf] To:t} lyof] . ;g\ @)!@ sf] udL{ofddf, d c:ktfn uPF, 8fS6/n] 5Ss kb}{ hLjf0f'x¿ d]/f] clK6s ge{ -cfFvfsf g;fx¿_ df hfg nfu]sf] s'/f dnfO{ atfpg'eof] . To;f] ePsf] v08df d b[li6xLg x'g]5' / of] cf}iflwåf/f lgsf] gx'g] ePsf]n] ubf{ sf]lg{on -cfFvfsf] ;]tf] efu–sf]lg{of_ k|Tof/f]k0f ug'k5{ egL pxfFn] eGg'eof] . To;a]nf ddf ljZjf;sf] sdL ePsf] sf/0fn] ubf{ d}n] cf}iflw ;]jg u/]F . b'O{ tLg dlxgf kl5 kl/l:yltdf s]xL ;'wf/ cfof] .

;g\ @)!# df, d snf k|:t'lt ;ldlt cGtu{tsf ] ;'Gb/ ;'uGw g[To ;d"xsf] -Beautiful Aroma Dance Team_ ;b:o ag]F . To; jif{sf] cGTolt/, km]l/ cfFvfl;t ;DalGwt ;d:ofx¿ b]vf kg{ yfn] . d]/f] b}lgs hLjgdf ;d:of x'g yfNof] . d}n] cflTds tj/n] ;d:ofsf] ;df-wfg vf]Hg'k5{ egL d]/L cfdfn] dnfO{ ;'emfj lbg'eof] .

d}n] snf k|:t'lt ;ldltsf] cWoIf kf:6/ lxhË nLl;t e]6]F . k/d]Zj/af6 g} rËfO kfpg] d}n] ;f]r agfPF . sf]lg{of k|Tof/f]k0fsf] lglDt hDdf u/]sf] k};f d]/f] kl/jf/n] k/d]Zj/df e]6L lbg'eof] / kl/jf/sf ;a} ;b:ox¿n] k|lt1fsf] k|fy{gf / l/n] pkjf; ck{0f ug'{eof] . kZr-fQfksf] lglDt xfdLn] Gofosf] dfkb08 k"/f ug{ k|of; u¥of}+ . cfFvfsf] /f]usf] sf/0f d kl/jf/dfly e/ kg{' k/]sf] lyof] . a; gDa/ b]Vg g;Sbf d}n] a;x¿ 5'6fpg] ub{y]F, Psrf]l6 t u'l8/x]sf] uf8Ln] em08} dnfO{ lsr]sf] lyof] / d cfˆgf gËx¿ ;d]t sf6\g ;lSbgy]F . ;a}eGbf b'Mv nfUbf] s'/f s] lyof] eg] dnfO{ gfRg dg nfu]tfklg d gfFRg ;lSbgy]F . sn]hsf] k|j]z k/LIffdf ;d]t d]/f] cfFvfdf ePsf] kL8fsf] sf/0f d}n] d]/f] Ifdtf k|bz{g ug{

alxgL :o]ËXo"g lhof]Ë -jif{ @!, o'jf ldzg, aLrdf_ cfdf kf:6/ :of]Ë;'s rf]O{, :of]Ëo"g -dflxnL lbbL_, :of]ËSo"n -h]7L lbbL_

/ a'jf PN8/ t]S;' lhof]Ësf ;fydf

lbbL h]g]6 8a/], jif{ %^, k|mfG;

kljq cfTdfsf] cfuf]sf] al Kt:dfåf/f,d d]/f] sfFwsf] hf]g L{df ePsf] SoflN;gf];;\ -sfFwsf] x• Ldfly

cgfjZos ¿kdf SoflN;od y'lk|Psf]_ af6 lgsf] ePF

PS;–/] sf] :Sofgdf, pxfFsf] kfv'/fsf] x•L dfly SofNs]l/of]; -cgfjZos ¿kdf SoflN;od y'k| ]sf]_ y'k| ]sf] lyof], t/ kljq cfTdfsf] cfuf ]sf ] alKt:df k | f Kt ug{'ePkl5 pxfF kL8faf6 d'Qm x'g'eof] / k"0f{ ¿kdf xft rnfpg ;Sg] x'g'eof] .

;lsgF h;n] ubf{ csf]{ jif{sf] k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] k|tLIff ug{'k¥of] .

d]/f] lglDt ;do Psbd} sl7g ePtfklg, d}n] cf/fwgf ;]jfx¿ 5'6fOg / gf;/t sf]o/ tyf ;'Gb/ ;'uGw g[To ;d"xsf] -Beautiful Aroma Dance Team_ ;b:osf] ¿kdf d}n] d]/f lhDd]jf/Lx¿ k"/f ug{ k|of; u/]F . ;+;f/k|ltsf] d]/f] df]xnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf TofUg ;sF" egL d}n] bfl-gon k|fy{gfdf lg/Gt/ k|fy{gf ug{ yfn]F .

;g\ @)!^ sf] d] dlxgfdf, l;lgo/ kf:6/ d ]/f ] ;kgfdf cfpg'eof] / cfFvfsf] cj:yf af/] dnfO{ ;f]Wg'eof] . d}n] pQ/ kfpg] 5' eGg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t lyPF . d] @^ df, d}n] ljZjf;sf ;fy l;lgo/ kf:6/l;t xft ldnfP / pxfFsf] cfFvfdf x]/]F . To; lbgb]lv d]/f] cfFvfaf6 lkk aUg aGb eof] . d]/f] cfFvfaf6 cfF;' aUg aGb eof] / b[li6df ;'wf/ x'g yfNof] .

k l5 c:kt fnd f u/ fPs f ] cfFvf k/LIf0fsf] l/kf]6{n] d]/f] sf]lg{of -cfFvfsf] ;]tf ] efu_ df ePsf bfux¿ x/fP/ uPsf] / d]/f] cfFvfsf] b[li6df ;'wf/ eO{ )=)%÷)=)% af6 )=$÷)=$ ePsf] b]vfof] xfNn]n"ofx Û

lgsf] ePkl5 d}n] sn]hsf] k|j]lzsf k/LIffsf] tof/L u/] F t/ ;do 5f]6f ] lyof] . oBlk ;g\

@)!& sf] dfr{df, d sn]hsf] sf]l/ofnL k/Dk/fut g[To ljefudf egf{ ePF hxfF d k|j]z ug{ rfxGy]F . sf]lg{ol6;\ -cfFvfsf] ;]tf] efu jf sf]lg{ofdf ePsf] ;+j|md0f_ af6 rËfO kfpg] j|mddf, d}n] k/d]Zj/nfO{ e]6]F / d]/f] k|f0fsf] pGglt x'g] cflzif\ kfPF . uf]7fnf]sf] k'gM ;[li6sf] zlQmåf/f d cem} cfkm"nfO{ kl/jt{g ug{ rfxG5' . d]/f] g[Toåf/f d k/d]Zj/nfO{ dlxdf lbg rfxG5' . d l;lgo/ kf:6/nfO{ wGojfb lbFb5' h;n] d]/f] lglDt k|fy{gf ul/lbg' eof] .

;g\ @)!& sf ] km ]a | "c/L @) df, sfdsf ] bf }/fg d }n ] d ]/f ] afof F sfFwdf Psbd} kL8f dx;'; u/F ] . To f ] k L8f o lt a9 \o f ] ls , sfdaf6 3/ kms{g ] a ]nfdf d}n ] bf lxg ] xftåf/f dfq uf8L rnfpg ;s] F . Tof ] /ft t d}n] d]/f ] af Fof xft rnfpg} ;lsgF .

lrlsT;sn] d]/f ] sf Fwsf ] hf ]gL {df Sof l N;gf ];; \ -Sof l N;od y ' lk |Psf ] _ s '/ f eGg 'eof ] . pxf Fn ] s ]x L xKtf;Dd ;f ]gf ]u | fd -cN6 « f;fp08 h:t } z/L/df pRr WjgL k7fO { To;leqsf ] lrq lng] k | ljlw_ ub} { cj:yf x ]g ] { ;'emfj lbg'eof ] . o;sf ;fy} Tof ] nIf0f / kL8f alNem/x ]df zNolj | mof ug{ 'k5 { egL pxf Fn ] yKg'eof] . oBlk, d]/f ] /f ]u s] xf ] ;f] yfxf ePsf]n] ubf { d hLljt k/d]Zj/af6 lgsf ] x 'g rfxGy] .

ef ] lnkN6 ;f Femdf, d dfgldg s]Gb | Lo rr{df cfof ] lht ljz]if bflgon k|fy {gf ;efdf ;xefuL ePF / d]/f ljutsf uNtLx¿sf lglDt kZrfQfk u/] F . d}n ] c¿nfO{ a'‰g g;s]sf ] / Gofo u/]sf ] s'/f kQf nufPF . d}n] cf F; 'sf ;fy kZrfQfk u/] F

/ kljq cfTdfsf ] cfuf ]åf/f tL ;a}nfO { hnfpgsf ] nflu xflb {stfsf ;fy k|fy {gf u/] F .

To;kl5sf ] k | fy {gf ;efdf , d }n ] k l jq c f Td fs f ] c f u f ] s f ]

a l K t : d f k | f K t ug { s f ]

nflu klg k | fy {gf u / ] F . T o ; k l 5 , d ] /f ] z/L/ tftf ] eof ] / d kl;g} kl;gf eP F . ;a} k L 8 f x¿ x / f P / uP / yf ] / } ePklg d }n ] a fof F xft rnfpg ;s] F .

To;kl5sf ] ;efdf ;d]t d }n ] k ljq cf Td fsf ] cfuf ] kfP F . To;kl5, d}n ] d ]/ f ] afof F x ft k " 0 f { ¿kd f rn fpg ;s ] F . xfNn]n "ofx Û