new meg chadsey northwest school presentation with credits dec27
TRANSCRIPT
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Meg Chadsey December 3, 2013
What it is, and why it matters…
Ocean Acidification:
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Image courtesy of Jack Cook, Woods Hole Oceanographic Ins<tute
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What is Ocean Acidification?
The ocean absorbs ~25% of carbon dioxide we’re pumping into the atmosphere.
Sarah Cooley, Woods Hole Oceanographic Ins<tute
CO2
(Carbon Dioxide)
Climate change
Ocean acidification
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ßH2O + CO2 à H2C03 Carbonic Acid
Seawater
The pH Scale
Source: Dr. Simone Alin, NOAA PMEL h>p://www.pmel.noaa.gov/co2/story/A+primer+on+pH
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Washington is Particularly Vulnerable to Acidification Appearing decades sooner than anticipated.
Regional factors exacerbating the problem:
Upwelling along the coastà
Excess nutrientsàblooms
Decay of organic material
Acidifying gasses (NOX and SOX)
Washington Coast photo: Russ McMillan
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Ocean Acidification means….. less calcium carbonate for building shells
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Pteropods, or ‘sea butterflies’
Live pteropod image: Dr. Russ HopcroI, UofA Fairbanks; Shell images: Dr. Nina Bednarsek, NOAA PMEL
are dissolving… Normal pteropod shell Corroded pteropod shell in acidic seawater
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Also vulnerable to OA…
Fish Food
People Food
Ecosystems
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Potential Food Web Impacts
Pacific Salmon
Pteropods
Copepods Coccolithophores
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U.S. Commercial Fisheries Affected by Ocean Acidification
26%
24%
9%
11%
10%
1%1%3%
10%5%
Top Predators Calcifiers’ predators Lobsters Crabs Shrimp UninfluencedOther calcifiers Oysters & mussels Scallops Clams
Primary fishery revenue ~ $4 billion/year*
Crustaceans (lobster,crabs and shrimp)
*2007 U.S. domestic ex-vessel revenue (USD)
Cooley & Doney Environment Research Le>ers, 2009
Mollusks (shellfish)
About half comes from calcifiers (mollusks and crustaceans)
About a quarter comes from species that eat calcifiers
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What’s at Stake for our Economy?
Washington commercial shellfish industry: • Most productive on the West Coast • Accounts for almost 85% of West Coast annual sales • Generates $270 million annually • Supports 3,200 jobs
Photos: Benjamin Drummond (leI and right); Bryan PenWla (center)
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Valuable wild and recreational fisheries
• Food web impacts could ripple through Washington’s seafood industry • 42,000 state jobs • $1.7 billion annual contribution
• Coastal communities depend on recreational shellfishing
Photos: U.S. Dept. Agriculture; City of SeaXle; WA Assn. of Conserva<on Districts
What’s at Stake for our Economy? (cont’d)
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What’s at Stake for Washington’s Tribes?
Cultural and economic survival • Washington tribes depend upon shellfish for food,
income, and connection to their cultural heritage.
Photos: Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission
Photos: Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission
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The Blue Ribbon Panel on Ocean Acidification
• Convened by Governor Christine Gregoire in February 2012.
• A first-of-a-kind state-level effort
• Panel charge: • Review best available science • Recommendations for response
• Included: • scientists • decision makers • industry stakeholders • tribal representatives • conservation community Gov. Gregoire and Bill Dewey of Taylor
Shellfish Company discuss oyster farming in the tide flats in Samish Bay.
Photo: Puget Sound Partnership
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“Nowhere on our planet is a local response to ocean acidification more urgently and immediately needed than here in Washington State.”
~ Dr. Jane Lubchenco, NOAA Administrator, Nov 27, 2012
“The cost of responding to ocean acidification may be substantial, but it is still far less than the costs of inaction. Responding to ocean acidification will require a sustained effort – there’s no silver bullet solution.”
~ Bill Ruckelshaus, Blue Ribbon Panel co-chair, Nov. 27, 2012
“Washington can lead.” ~ Governor Gregoire, Nov 27, 2012
What should we do about OA?
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Panel Recommendations
1. Reduce CO2 emissions 2. Reduce land-based pollutants that
worsen OA 3. Foster adaptation and remediation
to protect the shellfish industry and marine ecosystems;
4. Increase research and monitoring 5. Inform, educate, and engage 6. Maintain a sustained and
coordinated focus on OA Photo: Dan BenneX
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$1.82 million for Washington Center on OA • Continued water quality monitoring at shellfish
hatcheries… ($150K)
• Expanded OA monitoring… ($475K)
• Laboratory studies to assess direct causes and effects of OA… ($170K)
• Develop short-term forecasting ability… ($325K)
• Develop strategies to protect shellfish larvae in hatcheries... ($100K)
State Legislature Funds OA Response
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Thank You!
Photo: MaX Chadsey