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2

iz’u cSad

vuqØef.kdk

fo"k; i`"B Øekad fgUnh 3 ls 14 vaxzsth 15 ls 18 xf.kr 19 ls 24 foKku 25 ls 35

lkekftd foKku 36 ls 43 laLd`r 44 ls 50

3

ç’u cSad fgUnh vfuok;Z d{kk& 10

[k.M&1

iz'u 1 ls 3 vifBr x|ka'k ¼vad 1$1$2 = 4½

fuEukafdr x|ka'k dks i<+dj fn, x, iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,A gekjh 'kkL=h; ijEijk bl fo"kerk dk dkj.k euq"; dks gh ekurh gSA euq"; gh viuh ln~ vkSj vln~ bPNkvksas ds }kjk ln~ vkSj vln~ fopkjksa ds }kjk] ln~ ,oa vln~ ok.kh O;ogkj ds dkj.k ,oa ln~ ,oa vln~ deksZ ds }kjk i;kZoj.k dks nwf"kr djrk gSA blds Lrjks esa valrqyu o fo"kerk iSnk djrk gS vkSj fQj Lo;a vkSj lkewfgd :i ls mlds fo"ke ifj.kkeksa dks Hkksxrk gSA bu ewy rRoksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, euq"; dks lcls igys vius ikfjokfjd ,oa lkekftd] lkaLd`frd ,oa vkfFkZd] jktuSfrd i;kZoj.k dks nwf"kr djus vkSj mldk larqyu fcxkM+us ls cpuk pkfg,A ;gh */keZ* 'kCn dk okLrfod rkRi;Z gSA euq"; ds bnZ&fxnZ i;kZoj.k ds vUrxZr vkus okys tks Hkh izk.kh vkSj inkFkZ gS] mu lc dk izR;sd euq"; ls lEcU/k gksus ds dkj.k og mudk _.kh gS] D;ksafd og muls vidr gksrk gS] iks"k.k vkSj thou izkIr djrk gSA blfy, viuk _.k'kks/ku djuk i;kZoj.k ds izfr mrjnkf;Ro dk fuokZg djuk gSA ;g _.k 'kks/ku ;k _.k ekspu mldk vkthou dÙkZO; gS vkSj tc rd og thfor jgrk gS rc rd mlls m_.k ugha gks ldrkA iz'u 1- mi;qZDr x|k'k dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A 1 iz'u 2- gekjh 'kkL=h; ijEijk dh D;k /kkj.kk jgh gS \ 1 iz'u 3- euq"; dks lcls igys D;k djuk pkfg, \ 2

iz'u 4 ls 6 fuEufyf[kr vifBr i|ka'k dks i<+dj uhps fy[ks iz'uks ds mÙkj nhft,A

'kCnks dh nqfu;k esa eSusa fgUnh ds cy vy[k txk,A tSls nhi f'k[kk ds fn[ks dksbZ B.Mh jkr fcrk;sAA tks dqN gw¡ fgUnh ls g¡w

tks gks yw fgUnh ls gks ywA fgUnh lgt ØkfUr dh Hkk"kk ;g foIyo dh vdFk dgkuhA

eSdkys ij HkkjrsUnw dh vej fot; dh vfeV fu'kkuh AA

'ks"k xqykeh ds nkxks dks tc /kks yw fgUnh esa /kks yw AA

iz'u 4- mi;qZDr dkO;k'ka dk mfpr 'kh"kZd fyf[k,A 1 iz'u 5- dfo us fgUnh ds cy ij vy[k fdl izdkj txk;h gS \ 1 iz'u 6- dfo fdl cps gq, dk;Z dks djuk pkgrk gS \ 2

[k.M&2 ¼vad 12½

iz'u 7- fuEu esa ls fdlh ,d fo"k; ij 300 'kCnksa dk fucU/k fyf[k,A ¼vad 8½

1- jk"Vªh; LoPNrk vfHk;kuA 2- vk/kqfud lwpuk izkS|ksfxdhA 3- ukjh l'kfDrdj.kA 4- jktLFkku esa c<+rk ty ladV 5- [kqyk&'kkSp eqDr xk¡o 6- jktLFkku ds yksdxhr 7- u[kjkyks jktLFkku 8- foKku vkSj /keZ 9- ;ksx% LokLF; dh i¡wth 10-fo|ky; dk okf"kZdksRlo

4

iz'u 8- i= ys[ku ¼vFkok esa ½ ¼vad 4½

1- uhfyek izdk'ku tks/kiqj dh vkSj ls iz/kkukpk;Z jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|ky; tSlyesj dks vknsf'kr eky Hkstus dk i= fyf[k,A

vFkok ftyk f'k{kk vf/kdkjh chdkusj dh vksj ls lfpo] ek/;fed f'k{kk cksMZ vtesj dks jktdh; ek/;fed fo|ky; ykyx<+] chdkusj esa cksMZ ijh{kk dsUnz dh Lohdfr gsrq dk;kZy;h i= fyf[k,A

2- iz/kkukpk;Z] jkmekfo jrux<+ dh vksj ls vkn'kZ izdk'ku] t;iqj dks ,d vkns'k i= dqN ikB~; iqLrds eaxokus ds fy, fyf[k,A

vFkok Lo;a dks ubZ ykbZu xaxk'kgj chdkusj dk lqjs'k ekurs gq, vius ekSgYys esa O;kIr xanxh ,oa jkf= esa vU/ksjk jgus ls voxr djkrs gq, lQkbZ o jks'kuh dh fu;fer O;oLFkk ds fy, v/;{k] uxjifj"kn dks f'kdk;rh i= fyf[k,A

3- Lo;a dks jkmekfo tlaoUrx<+ ukxkSj dk Nk= jke 'kekZ ekurs gq, vius fo|ky; esa cUn lg&'kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ksa dks lqpk: :i ls lapkfyr djus dh O;oLFkk ds fy, ,d izkFkZuk i= fyf[k,A

[k.M&3 ¼vad 12½

iz'u 9 fØ;k] fo'ks"k.k ¼vad 2½

1- ldeZd fØ;k ,oa xq.kokpd fo'ks"k.k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A 2- ldeZd fØ;k ,oa la[;kokpd fo'ks"k.k dh ifjHkk"kk nhft,A 3- ldeZd ,oa vdeZd fØ;k esa Hksn dhft,A 4- fo'ks"k.k ds Hksn fyf[k,A 5- fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, blds izeq[k Hksn fyf[k,A 6- iw.kZ vdeZd fØ;k vkSj ifjek.kokpd fØ;k fo'ks"k.k dh mnkgj.k lfgr ifjHkk"kk nhft,A 7- iw.kZ vdeZd fØ;k vkSj ladsrokpd fo'ks"k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr djksaA 8- viw.kZ ldeZd fØ;k vkSj O;fDrokpd fo'ks"k.k dks ifjHkkf"k djkssaA 9- iw.kZ f}deZd fØ;k,s vkSj fHkUurk okpkd fo'ks"k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr djksaA 10- iw.kZ ldeZd fØ;k vkSj dkyokpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr djksaA 11- iw.kZ vdeZd fØ;k vkSj jhfrokpd fØ;kfo'ks"k.k dks ifjHkkf"kr djsaA iz'u 10- dkjd]dky]okP; ¼vad 3½ 1- dkjd dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, mlds Hksn crkb,A 2- dky dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, mlds Hksn crkb,A 3- okP; dks ifjHkkf"kr djrs gq, mlds Hksn crkb,A 4- **v/;kid us Nk=ksa ds fy, le; fudkyk** okD; esa fufgr dkjd] dky] okP; fyf[k,A

5- fuEukafdr okD;ksa esa fufgr dkjd]dky] ,oa okP; fyf[k,%& ¼d½ Ldwy ds ikl gh mldk ?kj FkkA ¼[k½ vjs yM+ds! Hkkx tk ;gka lsA ¼x½ nw/k ls ngh curk gSA ¼?k½ rqEgkjh ek¡ rqEgs vkokt ns jgh FkhA ¼M+½ lqcg gksus ij gh nokbZ e¡xokbZ tk;sxhA ¼p½ d.kZ LoHkko ls gh nkuohj FkkA ¼N½ cPps us iqLrd dks est ij j[kkA ¼t½ jktho }kjk Qy [kk;k x;k gSA ¼>½ mlus Vs<+h pky pyh FkhA ¼V½ gs Hkxoku! esjh j{kk dhft,A iz'u 11- lekl ls lacaf/kr fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mÙkj nhft, ¼vad 2½

1- lekl dh ifjHkk"kk nsrs gq, lekl ds Hksn fyf[k,A 2- vO;;hHkko lekl dh lksnkgj.k ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A 3- rRiq:"k lekl dh lksnkgj.k ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A 4- deZ/kkj; lekl dh lksnkgj.k ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A 5- f}xq lekl dh lksnkgj.k ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A 6- }U} lekl dh lksnkgj.k ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A 7- cgqozhfg lekl dh lksnkgj.k ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A 8- vyqd rRiq:"k lekl dh lksnkgj.k ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A

5

9- fuEukafdr 'kCnks dk lekl crkrs gq, lekl foxzg dhft,A 1- dfydky 2- lIr'krh 3- fiz;n'kZuh 4- dhfrZ&dey 5- vuFkZdkjh 6- pkSeq[kk 7- LoxZyksd 8- vktUe 9- fu:ik; 10- izfr/ofu 11- 'kY;fØ;k 12- lw;kZLr 13- iaprRo 14- i<+h&fy[kh 15- egklkxj 16- jlkry 17- egkdkO; 18- ekfld

iz'u 12- fuEukafdr okD;ksa dk 'kq) djds fyf[k, A ¼vad 2½

1- eksgu us lgk;rk eq>s nhA 2- bruh jkr xbZ vki dgka Fks \ 3- esjs firkth lTTku iq:"k gSA 4- ,d lso dh isVh ykvksaA 5- dksfguwj ,d vewY; ghjk gSA 6- ;gka 'kq) xk; dk nw/k feyrk gSA 7- Vadh ds vUnj ikuh gSa 8- ehjk HkDr dfo FkhA 9- isM+ks ij fpfM+;k cksy jgh gSA 10- lc fgUnh xhrk ekurs gSA 11- bl le; ikap ctk gSA

iz'u 13- fuEukafdr eqgkojks dk vFkZ fyf[krs gq, okD; esa iz;ksx dhft,A

1- vad Hkjuk 2- vU/kk cuuk 3- vDy ds ?kksMs+ nkSM+kuk 4- vius rd j[kuk 5- vk¡[ks pkj gksuk 6- py cluk 7- vk¡py ilkjuk 8- NDds NqM+kuk 9- mYVh ekyk Qsjuk 10- dej dluk 11- [kky [khpuk 12- xk¡B ck/kuk 13- NBs Nekls vkuk 14- vkMs+ vkuk 15- bfr Jh gksuk 16- mxy nsuk 17- mYyq cukuk 18- Vksih mNkyuk 19- tM+ dkVuk 20- fry rkM+ djuk 21- /kfTt;k mM+kuk 22- jxk fl;kj gkusk 23- yV~Vw gksuk 24- lCt ckx fn[kkuk 25- gkFk iSj ekjuk

iz'u 14- fuEukafdr yksdksfDr dk vFkZ fyf[k, ¼vad 1½

1- va/ks ds gkFk cVsj yxuk 2- vVdk cfu;k ns; m/kkj 3- viuk gkFk tXxukFk 4- vkBokj ukS R;kSgkj 5- vkB dukSft;s ukS pwYgs 6- dkSoksa ds dksls <ksj ugha ejrs 7- dkcqy esa D;k x/ks ugh gksr s 8- [kx gh tkus [kx dh Hkk"kk 9- xjhc dh tks: lc dh HkkHkh 10- tc rd thuk rc rd lhuk 11- tks xqM+ [kk; lks dku fNnk, 12- rhu yksd ls eFkqjk U;kjh 13- rcsys dh cyk canj ds flj 14- Fkdk Å¡V ljk; rkdrk 15- ydM+h ds cy canj ukps 16- lgt ids lkS ehBk gks; 17- gkFk lqefjuh cxy drjuh 18- eu HkkoS ew¡M fgykoS 19- fy[ks bZlk i<+s ewlk 20- cklh cps u dqÙkk [kk; [k.M&4

15- ikB~;iqLrd f{kfrt i|ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,A

1- dgsm y[ku eqfu lhy rqEgkjkA dks ufga tku fcfnr lalkjkAA ekrk firkfg mfju Hk, uksdsaA xq: fjuq jgk lkspq cM+ tksdsaAA lks tuq gejsfg ekFks dk<+kA fnu pfy x, C;kt cM+ ck<+kAA

vc vfuv C;ogkfjv cksyksA rqjr nsmW eSa Fksyh [kksyhAA lqfu dVq cpu dqBkj lq/kkjkA gk; gk; lc lHkk iqdkjkAA Hk`xqcj ijlq ns[kkcgq eksgh A fciz fcpkfj cpmW uinzksgh AA feys u dcgqW lqHkV ju xk<+s A f}t nsork ?kjuh ds ck<+s AA

vuqfpr dfg lc yksx iqdkjs A j?kqifr l;ufga y[kuq usofjAA y[ku mrj vkgqfr lfjl Hkxqcj dksiq dlkuqAA c<+r nsf[k ty le cpu cksfy j?kqdqy HkkuqAA

6

2- foey bUnq dh fo'kky fdj.ksaa] izdk'k rsjk crk jgh gSA vukfn rsjh vuUr ek;k

txr dks yhyk fn[kk jgh gSA izlkj rsjh n;k dk fdruk] ;s ns[kuk gS rks ns[ks lkxjA rsjh iz'kalk dk jkx I;kjs rjax ekyk,W xk jgh gSA

izHkks! izsee; izdk'k rqe gks] izdqfr& ifn~euh ds va'kqekyhA vlhe miou ds rqe gks ekyh]

/kjk cjkcj crk jgh gSA

3- Å/kks eu ekus dh ckrA nk[k Nqgkjk NkafM+ verQy] fc"kdhjk] fc"k [kkrAA T;ksa pdksj dksa nsbZ diwj dksm] rft vaxkj v?kkrAA e/kqi djr ?j Qksfj dkB esa] ca/kr dey ds ikr AA T;ksa irax fgr tkfu vkiuks] nhid lkSa yiVkrA lwjnkl tkdkS eu tklkS] lksbZ rkfg lqgkrA

4-uj thou ds lQy LokFkZ cfy gksa rsjs pj.kksa ij] ekW esjs Je flafpr lc QyA thou ds jFk ij p<+dj lnk eR;q iFk ij c<+dj egkdky ds [kjrj 'j lg ldWw ] eq>s rw dj n`<+rj

tkxs esjs mj esa rsjh ewfrZ vJq ty /kkSr foey

n`x ty ls ik cy cfy dj nwW tufu] tUe Je lafpr QyA

5- cju&cju rd Qwys micu cu] lksbZ prqjax lax ny yfg;rq gSaA

canh ftfe cksyr fcjn chj dksfdy gSa] xqatr e/kqi xku xqu xfg;rq gSA

vkos vkl&ikl iqgqiu dh lqckl lksbZ] lksus dh lqxU/k ekW> lus jfg;rq gSA

lksHkk dh lekt] lsukifr lq[k&lkt vkt vkor clar fjrqjkt dfg;rq gSA

6- flagklu fgy mBs jktoa'kks us Hk`dqVh rkuh Fkh cw<s+ Hkkjr esa Hkh vk;h fQj ls u;h tokuh Fkh] xqeh gqbZ vktknh dh dher lcus igpkuh Fkh] nwj fQjaxh dks djus dh lcus eu esa Bkuh Fkh]

ped mBh lu lÙkkou eas] og ryokj iqjkuh Fkh] cqUnsys gjcksyksa ds eqWg geus lquh dgkuh Hkh

[kwc yM+h enkZuh og rks >kWlh okyh jkuh FkhA

7 >gfj&>gfj >huh cawn gS ifjr ekuks]

?kgfj ?kgfj ?kVk ?ksjh gS xxu esa] vkfu dg~;ks L;ke eks lksa] pykS >wfycs dks vktw

Qwyh uk lekuh] HkbZ ,slh gks exu esaA pkgfr mB;ksbZ] mfM xbZ lksa fuxksMh uhan] lks; x, Hkkx esjs tkfx ok txu eSA

vkaf[k [kksfy ns[kksa rks] ?ku gSa uk ?ku';ke] osbZ Nk;h cwans esjs vkalw g~oS n`xu esA

7

8 vHkh dy rd xkfy;ka nsrh rqEgsa grk'k [ksfrgj] vHkh dy rd /kwi esa ugkrs Fks xkSjs;ksa ds >w.M] vHkh dy rd iFkjkbZ gqbZ Fkh

/kugj [ksrksa dh ekVh] vHkh dy rd

/kjrh dh dks[k esa nqcds iMs+ Fks es<++d vHkh dy rd

mnkl vkSj cnjax Fkk vklekuA

9- dkjt ljS u dks;] cy izkØe fgEer cuksA gydkj~;ka dh gks;] jaxk L;kek jkft;kAA

fgEer fdEer gks;] fcu fgEer fdEer ughaA djS u vknj dks;] jn~ dkxn T;wa jkft;kAA

ikVk ihM miko] ru ykxka rjokfj;kA ogS thHk jk ?kko] jrh u vk[kn jkft;kAA

10- yMdh vHkh l;kuh ugha Fkh

vHkh bruh Hkksyh ljy Fkh fd mls lq[k dk vH;kl rks gksrk Fkk ysfdu nq%[k ckpuk ugha vkrk Fkk ikfBdk Fkh og /kqa/kys izdk'k dh ]

dqN rdksZ vkSj dqN y;c) iafDr;ksa dh A eka us dgk ikuh esa >kaddj vius psgjs ij er jh>uk

vkx jksfV;ka lsdus ds fy, gS tyus ds fy, ugha

iz'u 16- ikB~; iqLrd &f{kfrt x|ka'k dh lizlax O;k[;k dhft,A

1- le; lkxj esa ,d fnu lc lalkj vo'; eXu gks tk;sxk dkyo'k 'kf'k lw;Z Hkh u"V gks tk;saxs vkdk'k esa rkjs Hkh dqN dky ihNs n`f"V u vkosaxs dsoy dhfrZ dey lalkj ljksoj esa jgs ;k u jgs vkSj lc rks ,d rIr ros dh cawn gq, cSBs gS bl gsrq cgqr dky rd lksp le>dj izFke ;g fopkj fd;k fd dksbZ nsoky; cukdj NksM+ tkmW ijUrq FkksM+h nsj esa le> esa vk x;k fd bu fnuksa dh lH;rk ds vuqlkj blls cM+h dksbZ ew[kZrk ugha gSA vkSj ;g rks eq>s Hkyh HkkWfr ekywe gS fd ;gh vaxzsth f'k{kk jgh rks efUnj dh vksj eq[k ns[kdj dksbZ Hkh ugha ns[kxkA bl dkj.k bl fopkj dk ifjR;kx djuk iM+kA

2 vkt lw;Z ns[kks] fdruk I;kjk] fdruk 'khry gS ekuksa lalkj dks bZn dh c/kkbZ ns jgk gS xkWo esa fdruh gypy gS bZnxkg tkus dh rS;kfj;k gks jgh gS fdlh ds dqrsZ esa cVu ugh gS iMkSl ds ?kj ls lqbZ /kkxk ysus nkSM+k tk jgk gS fdlh ds tqrs dMs gks x;s gS muesa rsy Mkyus rsyh ds ?kj Hkkxk tkrk gSA tYnh&tYnh cSyks dks lkuh&ikuh nsns bZnxkg ls ykSVrs&ykSVrs nksigj gks tk;sxh yMds lcls T;knk izlUu gS jksts cM+s cw<ksa ds fy, gksaxs buds fy, rks bZn gS

3- vk'kk cM+h pht gS vksj fQj cPpksa dh vk'kkA mudh dYiuk rks jkbZ dk ioZr cuk ysrh gS gkehn ds ikWo esa tqrs ugha gS flj ij ,d iqjkuh /kqjkuh Vksih gS fQj Hkh og izlUu gSA vHkkfxu vehuk viuh dksBjh esa cSBh jks jgh gSA vkt bZn dk fnu vksj mlds ?kj esa nkuk ugha gS vkt vkchn gksrk rks D;k bZn blh rjg vkrh vkSj pyh tkrh bl va/kdkj vkSj fujk'kk esa og Mwch tk jgh Fkh ysfdu gkehn mlds vUnj izdk'k gS] ckgj vk'kkA foifÙk viuk lkjk ny&cy ysdj vk;s gkehn dh vkuUn Hkjh fprou mldk fo/aol dj nsxhA

4- uekt [kRe gks xbZ gS yksx vkil esa xys fey jgs gS rc feBkbZ vkSj f[kykSus dh nqdkuksa ij /kkok gksrk gSA xzkeh.kksa dk ;g ny bl fo"k; esa ckydksa ls de mRlkgh ugha gSA ;g ns[kks fgMksyk gS dHkh vkleku ij tkrs gq, ekywe gksaxs] dHkh tehu ij fxjrs gq,A ;g pj[kh gS ydM+h ds gkFkh] ?kksM+s]Å¡V NM+ks ls yVds gq, gSA ,d iSlk nsdj cSB tkvks

8

vksj iPphl pDdjksa dk etk yksaA gkehn nwj [kM+k gS rhu gh iSls rks mlds ikl gS vius dks"k dk ,dfrgkbZ tjk lk pDdj [kkus ds fy, ugha ns ldrkA

5- bZ";k dk dke tykuk gS exj lcls igys og mlh dks tykrh gS ftlds gn`; esa mldk tUe gksrk gS fpUrk dks yksx fprk dgrs gS ftls fdlh izp.M fpUrk us idM+ fy;k ml cspkjs dh ftUnxh gh [kjkc gks tkrh gS fdUrq bZ";k 'kk;n fQj fpUrk ls Hkh cnÙkj pht gS D;ksafd og euq"; ds ekSfyd xq.kksa dks gh dqfBr cuk Mky nsrh gS tc Hkh euq"; ds gn`; esa bZ";k dk mn; gksrk gS lkeus dk lq[k mls ef)e lk fn[kus yxrk gSA rks bZ";kyq yksxks ls cpus dk D;k mik; gS uhRls dgrk gS fd ** cktkj dh efD[k;ksa dks NksM+dj ,dkUr dh vkSj Hkkxks tks yksx u;s ewY;ksa dk fuekZ.k djus okys gksrs gS os cktkjks esa ugh clrs] os lksgjr ds ikl Hkh ugha jgrs**

6- vc ckydksa ds nks ny gks x;s gSA eksgflu] egewn] lEeh vkSj uwjs ,drjQ gS] gkehn vdsyk nwljh rjQA 'kkL=kFkZ gks jgk gS lEeh rks fo/kehZ gks x;k ysfdu eksgflu] egewn] uwjs Hkh gkehn ds vk?kkrks ls vkrafdr gks mBs gSA mlds ikl U;k; dk cy gS vkSj uhfr dh 'kfDrA ,d vksj feV~Vh gS nwljh vkSj yksgk] tks bl oDr vius dks QkSykn dg jgk gS og vts; gS] ?kkrd gSA vxj dksbZ 'ksj vk tk;s rks fe;kW fHk'rh ds NDds NwVtk,a] fe;kW flikgh feV~Vh dh cUnwd NksM+dj HkkxsA exj ;g fpUrk :Lres&fgUn yiddj 'ksj dh xnZu ij lokj gks tk;sxk vkSj mldh vkW[ks fudky ysxkA

7- cqf<;k dk Øks/k rqjUr Lusg esa cny x;k] vksj Lusg Hkh og ugha] tks izxYHk gksrk gS vkSj viuh lkjh dld 'kCnksa esa fc[ksj nsrk gSA ;g eqd Lusg Fkk] [kwc Bksl] jl vksj Lokn ls Hkjk gqvk gSA cPps esa fdruk I;kj] fdruk ln~Hkko vkSj fdruk foosd gSA nwljks dks f[kykSus ysrs vkSj [kkrs ns[kdj bldk eu fdruk yypk;k gksxkA bruk tCr blls gqvk dSls \ ogka Hkh mls viuh cqf<;k nknh dh ;kn cuh jghA vehuk dk eu xnxn gks x;kA

8- ukVdks es fL=;ksa dk izkdr cksyuk muds vui<+ gksus dk izek.k ughaA laLdr u cksy lduk u vui<+ gksus dk lcwr gS vkSj u xokj gksus dkA izkdr ;fn ml le; dh izpfyr Hkk"kk u gksrh rks ckS)ks rFkk tSuks ds gtkjks xzUFk mlesa D;ks fy[ks tkrs] vkSj Hkxoku 'kkD; equh vkSj muds psys izkdr esa gh D;ksa mins'k nsrs \ ckS)ks ds f=fiVd xzUFk dh jpuk izkdr es fd;s tkus dk ,dek= dkj.k ;gh gS fd ml tekus esa izkdr gh loZlk/kkj.k Hkk"kk FkhA vr,oa izkdr cksyuk vkSj fy[kuk vui<+ vkSj vf'kf{kr gksus dk fpUg ughaA fgUnh] ckaxyk] vkfn Hkk"kk,sa vktdy dh izkdr gS] 'kksjlsuh] ekx/kh] egkjk"Vªh vkSj ikyh vkfn Hkk"kk,a ml tekus dh izkdr FkhA

9- *f'k{kk* cgqr O;kid 'kCn gS mlesa lh[kus ;ksX; vusd fo"k;ksa dk lekos'k gks ldrk gSA i<+uk&fy[kuk Hkh mlh ds vUrxZr gS bl ns'k dh orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh vPNh ughaA bl dkj.k ;fn dksbZ fL=;ksa dks i<+kuk vuFkZdkjh le>s rks mls bl iz.kkyh dk la'kks/ku djuk ;k djkuk pkfg,] [kqn i<+us&fy[kus dks nks"k u nsuk pkfg,A iz.kkyh cqjh gksus dk dkj.k D;k fdlh us ;g jk; nh gS fd lkjs Ldwy vkSj dkWyst cUn dj fn, tk, \ vki [kq'kh ls yM+fd;ks vkSj fL=;ksa dh f'k{kk dh iz.kkyh dk la'kks/ku dhft,A lHkh ckrks ij fopkj dhft,] cgl dhft, ij ijes'oj ds fy, ;g u dfg, dh Lo;a i<+us fy[kus esa dksbZ nks"k gSA ,slk dguk lksygksa vkus feF;k gSA

10- leqnz ds vUnj ls mHkjh L;kg pV~Vkuksa esa ls ,dij [kM+s gksdj eSa nsj rd Hkkjr ds LFky Hkkx dh vkf[kjh pV~Vku dks ns[krk jgkA i`"BHkwfe esa dU;kdqekjh ds efUnj dh yky vkSj lQSn ydhjs ped jgh FkhA vjc lkxj] fgUn egklkxj] vkSj caxky dh [kkM+h bu rhuksa ds laxe LFky lh og pV~Vku] ftl ij dHkh Lokeh foosdkuUn us lekf/k yxk;h Fkh] gjrjQ ls ikuh dh ekj lgrh gqbZ Lo;a Hkh lekf/k fLFkr lh yx jgh Fkh rhuksa rjQ ls f{kfrt rd ikuh gh ikuh Fkk] yxrk Fkk ml vkSj nwljk Nksj gS gh ughaA eSa dqN nsj Hkwyk jgk fd eSa eS gwW] ,d thfor O;fDr] nwwj ls vk;k ;k=h] ,d n'kZdA

11- bZ";k dk ;gh vuks[kk ojnku gS ftl euq"; ds gn`; es bZ";k ?kj cuk ysrh gS og mu phtksa ls vkuUn ugha mBkrk tks mlds ikl ekStwn gS cfYd mu oLrqvksa ls nq%[k mBkrk gS tks nwljksa ds ikl gS og viuh rqyuk nwljksa ds lkFk djrk gS vksj bl rqyuk es vius i{k ds lHkh vHkko mlds gn`; ij na'k ekjrs gSA

bZ";k dh csVh dk uke fuUnk gS tks O;fDr bZ";kZyq gksrk gS ogh cqjs fdLe dk fuUnd Hkh gksrk gS nwljks dh fuUnk og blfy, djrk gS fd bl izdkj nwljs yksx turk dh vkW[kks ls fxj tk;sxaasA exj ,slk u vkt rd gqvk gS vkSj u gksxkA euq"; ds iru dk dkj.k lnxq.kksa dk gzkl gksrk gS euq"; nwljksa dh fuUnk djds viuh mUufr ugha dj ldrk mUufr rks mldh rHkh gksxh tc og vius pfj= dks fueZy cuk;s vkSj xq.kks dk fodkl djsaA

[k.M&4

iz'u 17- fucU/kkRed iz'u ¼,d x| Hkkx ls½ ¼vad 6½

1- lizek.k fl) dhft, fd HkkjrsUnw gfj'pUnz us bl fucU/k esa rRdkyhu lekt dk fp= O;aX; ds ek/;e ls mifLFkr fd;k gSA 2- *bZnxkg* dgkuh cky&euksfoKku ij vk/kkfjr vR;Ur izsj.kknk;h gSA** bl dFku dks Li"V dhft,A 3- vU; ckydksa dh rqyuk esa gkfen ds pfj= dh dkSu&lh fo'ks"krk,a izeq[kr% O;Dr gqbZ gS \ 4- **L=h f'k{kk lekt ds iru dk dkj.k ugha oju~ lekt ds fodkl dh ih<h gSA** bl dFku ds vkyksd esa vius fopkj Li"V dhft,\ 5- **L=h f'k{kk ds fojks/kh dqrdksZ dk [kaMu ** fucU/k esa fufgr lans'k dks Li"V dhft,A

9

6- vej 'kghn ,dkadh ds vk/kkj ij lkxjey xksik dk pfj= fp=.k dhft,A 7- tSlyesj&tsy esa lkxjey xksik ij dkSu&dkSu lh ;kruk,a vkSj D;ksa nh xbZ\ crkb,A 8- **Hkkjr izd`fr dk [kqclwjr migkj gSA **ikB ds vkyksd esa bl dFku dh O;k[;k dhft,A 9- eksgu jkds'k }kjk fd;s x;s lw;kZLr ds fp=.k dks vius 'kCnksa esa O;Dr dhft,A 10- *bZ";kZ] rw u xbZ esjs eu ls* jpuk dk ewyHkko vius 'kCnksa fyf[k,A 11- bZ";kZ& Hkko ds mRifr ds dkj.k rFkk mlls gksus okyh gkfu;ksa dks crkb;ssA 12- nknw ds ns'kkVu ,oa muls tqMs+ ikou rhFkksZ ij izdk'k Mkfy,A 13- lUr ihik dk pfj= fp=.k dhft,A 14- **tSdfy uke dchj u gksrs ----- Hkxfr jlkrfy nsrs** ihik ds bl dFku dh O;k[;k djksaA iz'u 18 fucU/kkRed iz'u ¼,d i| Hkkx ls½ ¼vad 6½

1- jk/kk vkSj d`".k dh izFke HksaV dks vius 'kCnksa esa O;Dr dhft,A 2- xksfi;k¡ d".k dks pksj D;ksa fl) dj jgh gS\ foLrkjiwoZd fyf[k,A 3- xksfi;k¡ d".k dks viuk lans'k D;ksa ugha Hkst ik jgh gS\ Li"V dhft,A 4- ladfyr inksa esa xksfi;ksa dh dkSu&dkSu lj fo'ks"krk,a O;Dr gqbZ gSa\ Li"V dhft,A 5- ÞukFk laHkq/kuq HkatfugkjkA gksbfg dsm ,d nkl rqEgkjkAAß bl dFku ds vkyksd esa jke dk pfj= fp=.k dhft,A 6- Þxkf/klquwdg gn; g¡flß bl dFku esa fdl ik= ds pfj= dk fp=.k gqvk gS\ 7- 'ys"k dk iz;ksx djrs gq, lsukifr us fdl izdkj ,d lkFk o"kkZ vkSj xehZ nksuksa _rqvksa dk o.kZu ,e lkFk fd;k gS\

le>kb,A 8- lsukifr }kjk of.kZr 'khr _rq ds izHkko dks vius 'kCnksa esa le>kb,A 9- lsukifr }kjk fd, x, ô"kkZ _rq* ds vkxeu dk o.kZu vius 'kCnksa esa dhft,A 10- nso }kjk of.kZr d`".k ds lkSan;Z dk o.kZu dhft,A 11- Þ>gfj&>gfj >huh cwan gSa ijr ekuksß dFku ds vk/kkj ij nso dk o"kkZ _rq o.kZu crkb,A 12- xksfidk ds tkxus ij mldk HkkX; fdl izdkj lks x;k\ le>kb,A 13- nso dh dkO;xr fo'ks"krkvksa ij izdk'k Mkfy,A 14- dìkjke f[kfM+;k ds dkO;&lkSan;Z dks Li"V dhft,A 15- îzHkks* dfork dk lkj vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 16- îzHkks* dfork dh Hkk"kkxr fo'ks"krk,a crkb,A 17- îzHkks* dfork dk dkO; lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,A 18- ^vHkh u gksxk esjk var* dfork dk ewYk Hkko Li"V dhft,a 19- êkr`&oanuk* dfork dk dsUnzh; Hkko vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 20- ikB ds vk/kkj ij fujkyk ds dkO; dh fo'ks"krk,a crkb,A 21- ^vHkh u gksxk esjk var* dfork ds dfo us izd`fr dk o.kZu fdl :i esa fd;k gS\ 22- Þfujkyk us ek¡ Hkkjrh dh oanuk djrs gq, jk"Vª&izse dk Hkko O;Dr fd;k gSAß dFku dks Li"V dhft,A 23- jkuh y{ehckbZ ds cpiu dh xfrfof/k;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 24- IkkB ds vk/kkj ij vaxzstksa dh uhfr;ksa vkSj vR;kpkjksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 25- Lora=rk dh fpaxkjh esa fdu&fdu liwrksa us yksgk fy;k\ 26- jkuh y{eh ckbZ ds ;q) dkS'ky dk o.kZu dhft,A 27- ^feyk rst ls rst* dfof;=h us ,slk D;ksa dgk\ 28- Hkkjroklh jkuh y{ehckbZ ds fdl izdkj drK jgsaxs\ le>kb,A 29- ^>kalh dh jkuh* dfork dk dkO;&lkSan;Z Li"V dhft,A 30- ^dy vkSj vkt* dfork dk ewy Hkko Li"V dhft,A 31- ^m"kk dh ykyh* dfork dk ewyHkko Li"V dhft,A 32- ^dU;knku* dfork esa O;Dr lans'k ,oa ewy laosnuk dks Li"V dhft,A 33- dfo _rqjkt ds dkO;&lkSan;Z ij izdk'k Mkfy,A 34- ikB ds vk/kkj ij lqHknzk dqekjh pkSgku ds dkO;&lkSan;Z ij izdk'k Mkfy,A 35- ikB ds vk/kkj ij ukxktwZu ds dkO; dh fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,A

iz'u & 19&21 rhu y?kqÙkjkRed iz'u x| Hkkx ¼2*3= 6 vad½ 1- ys[kd us nsoky; cukus dk fopkj D;ksa R;kx fn;k\ 2- iqLrd ys[ku ds fopkj ij ys[kd D;ksa lge x;k\ 3- iafMr izk.kkUrd izlkn dh D;k fo'ks"krk,a crkbZ xbZ gSa\ 4- ik[k.M fiz; /kekZf/kdkjh v/;kid dh D;k fo'ks"krk,a crkbZ xbZ gSa\ 5- yqIrykspu T;ksfr"kkHkj.k v/;kid dh D;k fo'ks"krk,a crkbZ xbZ gSA 6- iafMr 'khynkouy dh fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,A 7- eqX/kef.k 'kkL=h dh fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,a 8- viwoZ ikB'kkyk ds fuekZ.k esa fdruk /ku O;; gqvk\ ikB ds vk/kkj ij crkb,A 9- LoIu esa 'kaHkq&lh lekf/k yxkus ls ys[kd dks D;k ;qfDr lw>h\ crkb,A 10- viwoZ ikB'kkyk ds mn~?kkVu ij ys[kd us Ykksxksa ls D;k izkFkZuk dh\ crkb,A 11- gkfen ds pfj= dh dksbZ rhu fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,A 12- gkfen us fpeVs dh mi;ksfxrk dks fl) djrs gq, D;k&D;k rdZ fn,\ 13- ^bZnxkg* dgkuh esa bZn ds volj ij gksus okys xzkeh.k ifjos'k ds mYykl dks crkb,A

10

14- ^vehuk* dh pkfjf=d fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,a 15- ^pkS/kjh vk¡[k cny ysa rks bZn eqgjZe gks tk,* dFku dk vk'k; Li"V djsaA 16- esys esa gkfen ds izfr mlds lkfFk;ksa dk O;ogkj dSlk Fkk\ Li"V dhft,A 17- ^bZnxkg* dgkuh ds vk/kkj ij iqfyl ds ckjs esa cky&vo/kkj.kkvksa dks le>kb,A 18- ^bZnxkg* dgkuh ds vUr esa dkSu lh fofp= ckr gqbZ\ Li"V dhft,A 19- vehuk dk Øks/k rqjar Lusg esa D;ksa cny x;k\ Li"V dhft,A 20- fpeVk [kjhnrs le; gkfen us vEeka ds ckjs esa D;k lkspk\ fyf[k,A 21- Þgkfen gS cM+k pkykdß gkfen ds nksLrksa dh bl euksn'kk dks Li"V dhft,a 22- fpeVs ij fNM+h cgl esa ckydksa ds fdrus ny gks x, vkSj muds rdZ D;k&D;k Fks\ 23- egewn ds flikgh dk gky vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A 24- gkfen dk fpeVk ^:Lresa&fgan* fdl izdkj gS\ Li"V dhft,A 25- ÞukVdksa esa fL=;ksa }kjk izkdr cksyuk muds vui<+ gksus dk izek.k ugah gSAß Li"V dhft,A 26- ^;g lkjk nqjkpkj fL=;ksa ds i<+kus dk gh dqQy gSA* iafDr esa fufgr O;aX; dks Li"V dhft,A 27- f}osnh th us L=h&f'k{kk ds leFkZu esa dkSu&dkSu ls rdZ fn, gSa\ 28- f}osnh th us izkphu vkSj orZeku f'k{kk iz.kkyh esa D;k varj crk;k gS\ 29- ^L=h f'k{kk ds fojks/kh dqrdksZa dk [k.Mu* fuca/k esa fufgr lans'k dks Li"V dhft,A 30- L=h&f'k{kk ds fojksf/k;ksa }kjk nh tk jgh nyhyksa dks crkb,A 31- ÞfL=;ksa dks fuj{kj j[kus dk mins'k nsuk lekt dk vidkj ,oa vijk/k djuk gSAß ikB ds vk/kkj ij dFku dk vk'k;

Li"V dhft,A 32- lkxjey xksik dks tsy esa nh xbZ ;krukvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 33- Þekr`Hkwfe ds nhokus ru dk thou ugha eu dk thou thrs gSaAß iafDr dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 34- Þesjs ns'koklh esjs ifjtuksa ls c<+dj gSaAß lkxjey xksik ds bl dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 35- ^vej'kghn* ,dkadh ds izeq[k ik= lkxjey xksik ds ns'kizse vkSj cfynku ij izdk'k Mkfy,A 36- ^vej'kghn* ,dkadh dk ewy&Hkko ,oa mn~ns'; Li"V dhft,A 37- lkxjey xksik dks vius i{k esa djus ds fy, tsyj us D;k&D;k rdZ fn,\ 38- lw;kZLr ds le; leqnz ds ikuh dk fdu fofo/k jaxksa esa ifjorZu gqvk\ 39- lw;kZLr ds ckn ys[kd ds eu esa D;k Mj lek;k\ 40- lw;ksZn; dkyhu {k.kksa esa ys[kd us D;k ns[kk\ 41- xzstq,V uo;qod ls ys[kd dh D;k ckrphr gqbZ\ 42- dkUosUV dh yM+fd;ka tks xhr xk jgh Fkh] mldk D;k Hkko Fkk\ 43- leqnz dh c<+rh gqbZ ygjksa dks ns[kdj ys[kd D;ksa fpafrr gks mBk\ 44- Þeu cgqr cspSu Fkk&fcuk iwjh rjg Hkhxs lw[krh feV~Vh dh rjgß ikB ds lanHkZ esa dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 45- ys[kd ds iM+kslh odhy ds eu esa dkSu&lk nkg gS\ 46- bZ";kZyq yksxksa ls cpus ds fy, uhRls us D;k mik; lq>k;k gS\ 47- ys[kd us bZ";kZyq O;fDr ds D;k y{k.k crk, gS\ 48- 'kjhQ yksx D;k lksprs gq, viuk flj [kqtykrs jgrs gSa\ 49- ys[kd us bZ";kZ dk vuks[kk ojnku fdls dgk gS vkSj D;ksa\ mnkgj.k lfgr Li"V dhft,A 50- uhRls us fuUndksa dh rqyuk e/kqefD[k;ksa ls D;ksa dh gS\ 51- ^rqEgkjh fuank ogh djsxk ftldh rqeus HkykbZ dh gSA* dFku dk vk'k; Li"V djsaA 52- bZ";kZ dh csVh dkSu gS vkSj fdl izdkj\ Li"V dhft,A 53- nknw n;ky dh xq: ijEijk ds ckjs esa D;k ekU;rk gS\ 54- ^nknw&[kksy* ls D;k vk'k; gS\ Li"V dhft,A 55- nknw us fuank Lrqfr ds ckjs esa D;k dgk gS\ 56- nknw n;ky ds Lekjdksa esa esys dgka ij vkSj dc&dc yxrs gSa\ 57- nknw us ,d ftKklq dks viuh ikfjokfjd fLFkfr ds ckjs esa D;k crk;k\ 58- nknw us dgka vkSj fdl laiznk; dh LFkkiuk dh Fkh\ 59- lar ihik dh HkfDr i)fr ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh dhft,A 60- lar ihik ds ijekRek ds Lo:i laca/kh fopkjksa dks crkb,A 61- ihik us viuh HkfDr&Hkkouk }kjk lekt ds misf{kr oxZ dks fdl izdkj Li"V dhft,A 62- Þge xjhc gSa] jktkvksa ls gekjk D;k esyß ,sls fdlus] dc vkSj D;ksa dgk\ 63- jktLFkku ds yksd larksa esa ihik ds egÙo dks Li"V dhft,A 64- ihik us dchj dh ekU;rkvksa dks fdl izdkj lkFkZd crk;k gS\ 65- Þihik dks izHkq ijpks nhUgksa fi;ks js [ktkuks Hkwfjß ,slk fdlus] dc vkSj fdl vk'k; ls dgk\ 66- Þihik ijr[k ns[k ys] Fkkyh ekafg elk.kß ihik ds bl dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A

iz'u 22 ls 24 rhu y?kqÙkjkRed iz'u i| Hkkx ¼2*3= 6 vad½

1- d`".k us jk/kk dks ckrksa esa fdl izdkj my>k fy;k\ 2- d`".k us ,d >yd esa gh xksfi;ksa dk eu dSls o'k esa dj fy;k\ 3- eFkqjk ds dq,a lans'kksa ls fdl izdkj Hkj x,\ 4- ^rft vaxkj v?kkr* ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ 5- Þnwr feY;kS bd HkkSajß dFku ls xksfi;ksa us D;k O;atuk dh gSA

11

6- Þm/kkSa eu ekus dh ckrß dFku dh O;atuk dhft,a 7- f'ko&/kuq"k Hkax gksus ij ij'kqjke D;ksa dqfir gks jgs Fks\ 8- f'ko&/kuq"k dSls VwV x;k\ 9- y{e.k us /kuq"k ds VwV tkus ij dkSu&dkSu ls rdZ fn;s\ 10- y{e.k us ohj ;ks)k dh D;k&D;k fo'ks"krk,a crkbZ gSa\ 11- ij'kqjke us fo'okfe= ls y{e.k ds ckjs esa D;k mikyaHk fn;k\ 12- ^xeZUg ds vHkZd nyu] ijlq eksj vfr ?kksj* dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 13- ^xkf/klquw dg ân;a gaflß ikB ds lanHkZ esa dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 14- ^lwj lej djuh djfga] dfg u tukofga vkiq* dFku dk vk'k; Li"V djksA 15- Þprqjax nyß ls lsukifr dk D;k vk'k; gS\ 16- lkou ekg esa dkenso ukf;dk dks fdl izdkj lrk jgk gS\ 17- xzh"Ek _rq esa ckny vkSj gok dh fLFkfr gks xbZ gSA 18- Þ/kwe uSu cgS] yksx vkfx ij fxj jgSß dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 19- ÞlksHkk dkS lekt] lsukifr lq[k&lktß bl iafDr esa dfo dk vk'k; D;k gS\ Li"V dhft,A 20- Þns[kkS prqjkbZ lsukifr dforkbZß bl iafDr }kjk dfo dh dkSulh prqjkbZ Li"V gksrh gS\ 21- us=ksa dks e/kqeD[kh ds leku D;ksa crk;k x;k gS\ 22- ukf;dk dk HkkX; fdl izdkj lks x;k gS\ 23- dfo us d`".k dks ÞcztnwYgß D;ksa dgk gS\ Li"V dhft,A 24- ÞQwfy u lekuhß ukf;dk Qwyh D;ksa ugha lek jgh gSA 25- ÞosbZ Nk;h cwans esjs] vkalw gqoS nxu esaß dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 26- ÞvLokHkkfod fe=rk ds ?kkrd ifj.kke gksrs gSaAß ikB ds vk/kkj ij dFku dh iqf"V dhft,A 27- dfo us ^jkft;k* dks lacksf/kr dj uhfr lEer lksjBs D;ksa jps\ 28- dfo us laxfr dk D;k izHkko crk;k gS\ lksnkgj.k Li"V dhft,A 29- jkft;k us ok.kh dk D;k xq.k crk;k gS\ Li"V dhft,A 30- Þjksgh vkNh jkft;kß dFku ds vuqlkj dfo us D;k lans'k fn;k gS\ 31- dìkjke us euq"; dh dher dk vk/kkj fdls dgk gS vkSj D;ksa\ 32- dìkjke f[kfM+;k fdUgsa igys gh jksd ysus dh lykg nsrs gSa\ 33- dìkjke f[kfM+;k ds vuqlkj /kjk ds LOkkeh cuus ;ksX; dkSu gS\ Li"V dhft,A 34- izlkn us bZ'oj dks vukfn D;ksa dgk gS\ 35- ;kfeuh esa vuwBk irk dkSu crk jgh gS\ 36- n;kfuf/k ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ 37- dfo us bZ'oj dks Þva'kqekyhß dg dj D;k Hkko O;Dr fd;k gS\ 38- dfo us bZ'oj dk fLer ,oa vkg~ykn fdls crk;k gS\ 39- Þrks iw.kZ gksrk gh gS euksjFkß dFku dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 40- ÞvHkh u gksxk esjk varß dfork esa fdl Loj dh iz/kkurk gS\ 41- ÞvHkh u gksxk esjk varß dfork ds vuqlkj clar vkxeu ij izd`fr esa dkSu&ls ifjorZu ifjyf{kr gksrs gSa\ 42- êkroanuk* dfork esa D;k lans'k O;Dr gqvk gS\ 43- Þn`xty ls Fkk cyß bl iafDr ds vk/kkj ij Li"V dhft, dfo ek¡ ds pj.kksa esa D;k lefiZr djuk pkgrk gS\ 44- ^Lo.kZ&fdj.k dYyksyksa ij cgrk js* iafDr dk vk'k; Li"V dhft,A 45- jkuh y{ehckbZ dk vkjk/; nsoh dkSu Fkh\ 46- y{ehckbZ dks fdldh xkFkk,a ;kn vkbZa\ 47- jktegy ij dkyh ?kVk,a D;ksa Nk xbZ\ 48- jkuh ds lkFk fdu lf[k;ksa us ;q) fd;k\ 49- Þvuqu; fou; ugha lqurh gS] fodV 'kkldksa dh ek;kß dFku dk vk'k; Li"V djksA 50- ÞdqfV;ksa esa Fkh fo"ke osnuk] egyksa esa vkgr viekuß dFku dh O;k[;k djksA 51- Þegyksa us nh vkx] >ksaiM+h us Tokyk cqyokbZ Fkhß dFku dh O;k[;k djksA 52- Lora=rk ds egk;K esa fdu&fdu ohjksa us vkRe&cfynku fn;k\ 53- Þm"kk dh ykyhß dfork dk f'kYi lkSan;Z fyf[k,A 54- Þdy vkSj vktß dfork ds vk/kkj ij xzh"e_rq dk izHkko Li"V dhft,A 55- Þvkt Nydk jgh gS ikol jkuhß dfo us blls D;k Hkko O;Dr fd;k gS\ 56- Þm"kk dh ykyhß dfork ds vk/kkj ij Þns[krk jg x;k viyd dfoß dFku dh O;k[;k dhft,A 57- ek¡ us csVh dks D;k&D;k lh[k nh\ ^dU;knku* dfork ds vk/kkj ij crkb,A 58- ^dU;knku* dfork esa ek¡ dh ewy fpark D;k gS\ 59- ^dU;knku* dfork esa csVh dks vfUre iwath D;k dgk x;k gS\ 60- ^dU;knku* dfork esa dfo us ek¡ ds nq%[k dks izkekf.kd D;ksa crk;k gS\

iz'u & vfry?kwÙkjkRed iz'u¼ i| Hkkx ½ ¼1*2= 2 vad½

1- d`".k ^xksjh* lEcks/ku fdlds fy, dj jgs gSa\ 2- lkjs cU/ku rksM+ dj dkSu dgk¡ pyk x;k gS\ 3- xksfi;ksa dks Hkzej ds :i esa dkSu&lk nwr feyk\

12

4- ';ke us fdldks fl[kkdj o'k esa dj fn;k gS\ 5- lwjnkl dh HkfDr fdl izdkj dh ekuh tk ldrh gS\ 6- lwjnkl fdlls nhf{kr gq,\ 7- ^T;ksa pdksj dksa nsbZ diwj dksm* esa dkSu lk vyadkj gS\ 8- f'ko&/kuq"k rksM+us ij dkSu dqfir gqvk\ 9- Þxkf/klquwß 'kCn dk iz;ksx fdlds fy, gqvk gS\ 10- ij'kqjke y{e.k dks eancqf) D;ksa dg jgs gSa\ 11- tud&njckj esa cSBh lHkk ^gk;&gk;* D;ksa djus yxh\ 12- y{e.k ds vuqlkj lw;Zoa'kh ohj fdu ij viuh ohjrk ugha fn[kkrs gSa\ 13- y{e.k us ohj vkSj dk;j esa D;k vUrj crk;k gS\ 14- *feys u dcgq¡ lqHkV ju xk<s*+ ;g dFku fdlus] fdlls vkSj dc dgk \ 15- *gksbfg dsm bd nkl rqEgkjk* ;g dFku fdlus] fdlls vkSj dc dgk \ 16- *Hk`xqdqy dsrq* fdls dgk x;k gS \ 17- **fcLo&fcfnr Nf=; dqy nzksgh** ;g dFku fdlds fy, vkSj D;ksa dgk x;k gS \ 18- *dksfV dqfy'k le cpuq rqEgkjk* esa dkSulk vyadkj iz;qDr gqvk gSA 19- **fczifcpkjh cpg¡q uìnzksgh** esa dkSulk vyadkj iz;qDr gqvk gSA 20- dfork *_rq o.kZu* esa cUnhtu fdls dgk x;k gSA 21- dfork *_rq o.kZu* esa _rqjkt fdls dgk x;k gSA 22- dfork *_rq o.kZu* esa fucy&vcy ls D;k rkRi;Z gSA 23- lsukifr dh izfl) jpuk,sa fyf[k,A 24- lsukifr us fdl vyadkj dk peRdkjiw.kZ iz;ksx fd;k gSA 25- **dksfdyk]dykfi]dqy]dqtr gS** esa dkSulk vyadkj gSA 26- **lsukfir vkou dg~;ks gS euHkkou lkS** dFku dk rkRi;Z D;k gSA 27- **lhdj rs lhry lehj** bl iafDr esa lhdj ls D;k rkRi;Z gSA 28- **ekuks Hkhr tkfu egklhr** esa dkSulk vyadkj gSA 29- jl dh ykyph vkSj nklh dkSu gks xbZ gS \ 30- ';ke us fdls >wyk >wyus ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;kA 31- **cztnwYg** dh laKk fdls nh xbZ gSA 32- dfo nso fdl dkO;/kkjk ds dfo ekus tkrs gS \ 33- nso us fdu NUnks dk iz;ksx vf/kd fd;k gS \ 34- nso ds izeq[k xzaFkks ds uke fyf[k,A 35- **/kkj esa /kk; /kWlh fujk/kkj g~oS** esa dkSulk jl ,oa vyadkj gS \ 36- **lks; x, Hkkx esjs tkfx ok txu esa** esa dkSulk vyadkj gS \ 37- **?kgfj ?kgfj ?kVk ?ksjh gS xxu esa**dkSulk vyadkj gS \ 38- dfo dìkjke ds vuqlkj fdlds vHkko esa dk;Z&flf) laHko ugh gS \ 39- nw/k vkSj ty dks dkSu i`Fkd dj ldrk gS \ 40- dìjke ds vuqlkj fdlds ?kko ugha Hkjrs gS\ 41- fdl LFkku ij pUnu ds o`{k vf/kd ik;s tkrs gS \ 42- dìkjke ds uhfrxr lksjBs fdls lEcksf/kr djds fy[ks x, gS \ 43- dìkjke us jn~nh dkxt fdls dgk gS \ 44- dìkjke ds vuqlkj uhfrxr futZu LFkku dc vPNk ekuk x;k gS \ 45- **?k.k&?k.k lkcd ?kk;** esa dkSulk vyadkj iz;qDr gqvk gS \ 46- fdlds ân; dk dM+okiu ugha tkrk gSa \ 47- t;'kadj izlkn dh dkO;dfr;ksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 48- izlkn us bZ'oj dks vukfn D;ksa dgk gS \ 49- euq"; ds euksjFk dc iw.kZ gksrs gS \ 50- *va'kqekyh* dk D;k vFkZ gS \ 51- **izHkks**dfork izlkn ds fdl dkO; laxzg ls yh xbZ gS \ 52- **izHkks**dfork eas dfo us D;k vk'kk O;Dr dh gSA 53- bZ'oj dh n;k dk foLrkj fdlds foLrkj ds leku gS \ 54- bZ'oj dh e/kqj eqLdku dks dfo us fdlds leku crk;k gS\ 55- jkf= esa pedrs rkjksa dks dfo us fdlds leku crk;k gS \ 56- *gjs gjs ;s xkr* iafDr esa dkSu&lk vyaadkj gS \ 57- **Qs:¡xk fufnzr dfy;ksa ij** iafDr esa fufnzr dfy;ksa dk vk'k; D;k gS \ 58- **ekr` oanuk** esa dfo us ek¡ lEcks/ku dk iz;ksx fdlds fy, fd;k gS \ 59- fujkyk dh izeq[k dkO; d`fr;ksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 60- **eqDr d:¡xk] rq>s vVy** dfo ek¡ Hkkjrh dks fdlls eqDr djuk pkgrk gS \ 61- **esjs vfodflr jkx ls fodflr gksxk**dfo bl iafDr esa D;k dguk pkgrk gS \ 62- y{eh ckbZ fdldh eq¡g cksyh cfgu Fkh \ 63- y{eh ckbZ dh lgsyh dkSu Fkh \ 64- jkuh y{eh ckbZ cpiu esa D;k [ksy [ksyrh Fkh \

13

65- >k¡lh ds jktk dh eR;q ij dkSu gf"kZr gqvk \ 66- lqHknzk dqekjh pkSgku dh d`fr;ks dk ukeksYys[k dhft, \ 67- vaxzsth v[kckj fdldh uhykeh ljsvke Nkirs Fks \ 68- >k¡lh ls mBh LorU=rk dh vfXu dgk&dgk izTofyr gqbZ \ 69- LorU=rk ds egk;K esa dkSu&dkSu ohj dke vk;s \ 70- jkuh y{eh ckbZ us fdu vaxzst vQljks dks gjk;k Fkk \ 71- ukxktqZu dh dkO; dfr;ksa dk ukeksYys[k dhft, \ 72- [ksrks dh feV~Vh iRFkjkbZ gq;h D;ksa Fkh \ 73- **m"kk dh ykyh** dfork esa dfo dks D;k Mj yx jgk gS \ 74- **m"kk dh ykyh** dfork fgefxjh fdls dgk x;k gS \ 75- dfo us vkleku dk jax cnjax D;ksa crk;k gS\ 76- ukxktwZu dk ewy uke D;k Fkk vkSj os fdl /keZ esa nhf{kr gq,\ 77- ukxktwZu fdl miuke ls eSfFkyh Hkk"kk esa dfork,¡ jprs Fks\ 78- m"kk dh ykyh loZizFke dgka ij iM+rh gS\ 79- >haxqjksa dh vkokt dks dfo us fdldh miek nh gS\ 80- o"kkZ gksus ij fdu esa tku okfil vk xbZ gS\ 81- /kjrh dh dks[k esa dkSu nqcds gq, Fks\ 82- dfo us L=h&thou dk ca/ku fdls crk;k gS\ 83- ek¡ us yM+dh dks dSlk ugha fn[kus ds fy, dgk gS\ 84- Þvius psgjs ij er jh>ukß dk D;k rkRi;Z gS\ 85- ihfBdk Fkh og /kq/kys izdk'k dhß blesa Þ/kqa/kyk izdk'kß ls D;k rkRi;Z gS\ 86- dU;knku dfork esa dfo us fdlds izfr laosnuk O;Dr dh gS\ 87- yM+dh dks D;k ck¡puk ugha vkrk gS\ 88- ek¡ us ^vkx* dk D;k mi;ksx crk;k gS\ 89- _rqjkt dh dkO;dfr;ksa dk mYys[k dhft,A

iz'u 27 vfr y?kqÙkjkRed ¼x| Hkkx½ ¼1*2= 2 vad½

1- HkkjrsUnw dh izfl) dkO;&d`fr;ksa dk mYys[k dhft,A 2- HkkjrsUnw ds eu esa loZizFke D;k fopkj vk,A 3- T;ksfr"k fo/kk esa dq'ky iafMr dk D;k uke FkkA 4- *,d vnHkwr Loiu* fucU/k fdl dksfV dk gSSA 5- fgUnh lkfgR; esa x/k&fo/kk dh uhao fdlus MkyhA 6- HkkjrsUnw dh ikB'kkyk ds izFke v/;kid dkSu FksA 7- HkkjrsUnw dh ikB'kkyk esa fu;qDr f'k{kdksa dh lcls cMh fo'ks"krk D;k FkhA 8- gkfen dh nknh dk D;k uke FkkA 9- gkfen us fpeVk fdrus iSls esa [kjhnkA 10- bZnxkg dgkuh dk izeq[k ik= dkSu gSA 11- gkfen ds firk dh eR;q fdl dkj.k gqbZA 12- cw<h vehuk dksBjh esa cSBdj D;ksa jks jgh FkhA 13- uwjs vkSj eksgflu us dkSu ls f[kykSus [kjhnsA 14- yksgs dh nqdku ij igqapdj gkfen us D;k lkspkA 15- D;k lqurs gh vehuk dk Øks/k Lusg esa cny x;kA 16- izsepan ds dgkuh laxzg dk uke fyf[k, ftls vaxzst ljdkj }kjk tCr dj fd;k x;kA 17- egkohj izlkn f}osnh us fdl if=dk dk lEiknu fd;kA 18- 'kdqUryk us fdl Hkk"kk esa 'yksd dgkaA 19- ckS) /keZ ds f=fiVd xzaFk dh Hkk"kk D;k gSA 20- :dfe.kh gj.k dh dFkk dgka feyrh gSA 21- egkohj izlkn f}osnh }kjk of.kZr izkphudkyhu fonq"kh efgykvksa ds uke fyf[k,A 22- 'kdqUryk us nq";ar ds fo"k; esa nqokZD; D;ksa dgsaA 23- **L=h f'k{kk fojks/kh dqrdksaZ dk [kaMu** fucU/k f}osnh th ds fdl fucU/k laxzg ls fy;k x;k gSA 24- *vej 'kghn* ,dkadh dk eq[; ik= dkSu gSA 25- vej 'kghn ,dkadh esa of.kZr tsyj dk D;k uke gSA 26-**vej 'kghn ** ,dkadh esa of.kZr iqfyl v/kh{kd dk D;k uke gSA 27- lkxjey xksik }kjk fyf[kr iqLrdsa dkSu&dkSu lh gSA 28- lkxjey xksik us egkjkoy ds f[kykQ fdl vaxzst vf/kdkjh dks xqIr i= Hksts FksA 29- *vej 'kghn* ,dkadh esa D;k lans'k fufgr gSA 30- y{ehukjk;.k jaxk ds ukVd laxzg fyf[k,A 31- dU;kdqekjh esa fdu rhu lkxjksa dk laxe gksrk gSA 32- foosdkuUn us dgka lekf/k yxkbZZ Fkh A

14

33- ys[kd dks fdu isMh ds >qjeqV fn[kkbZ fn, A 34- dukdksj ds gksVy esa ys[kd D;k Hkwy vk;k FkkA 35- dU;kdqekjh Hkkjr ds fdl jkT; esa gSA 36- ys[kd lw;kZLr dh fn'kk esa D;ksa pyus yxk FkkA 37- fe'kujh dh ;qofr;ka fdl leL;k ij fopkj dj jgh FkhA 38- ys[kd ds dU;kdqekjh ds f'kf{kr csjkstxkjksa us viuk izeq[k /ka/kk D;k crk;kA 39- eksgu jkds'k us fdl dgkuh if=dk dk LkEiknu fd;kA 40- eksgu jkds'k dh d`fr;ksa dk mYys[k dhft,A 41- fnudj dh dkO;d`fr;ksa dk mYys[k dhft,A 42- fnudj dh *moZ'kh* d`fr dks dkSulk iqjLdkj feyk gSA 43- fnudj us bZ";kZ dh csVh dks D;k uke fn;kA 44- bZ";kZ lcls igys fdls tykrh gSA 45- ikB ds vuqlkj bZ";kyq O;fDr ds D;k y{k.k crk, x, gSA 46- bZ'oj panz fo/kklkxj us D;k lw= fn;k gSA 47- bZ";kZ dk vuks[kk nkc gks ldrh gSA 49- bZ";kyq O;fDr nwljksa dh fuank D;ksa djus yxrk gSA 50- nknw dk tUe dgka gqvkA 51- nknw ds xq: dk uke crkb,A 52- nknw iaFk ds iap rhFkZ ds uke fy[kksA 53- nknw dk nsgkUr fdl LFkku ij gqvkA 54- nknw us fdl lEiznk; dh LFkkiuk dhA 55- nknw ds mins'kksa dks fdl uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA] 56- ihik fdl dkO;/kkjk ls lacaf/kr gSA 57- ihik ls feyus dk ladsr fdlus vius dkO; esa fd;k gSA 58- ihik dh iRuh ,oa xq: dk uke crkb,A 59- ihik dh lekf/k LFky dgka gSA 60- ihik us dchjnkl ds laca/k esa D;k dgk gSA iz'u 29- fuEu jpukdkjksa dk ifjp; nhft, ¼2*2= 4 vad½

1- lwjnkl 2- rqylhnkl 3- nso 4- lsukifr 5- d`ikjke f[kfM+;k 6- t;'kadj izlkn 7- lw;Zdkar f=ikBh **fujkyk 8- lqHknzk dqekjh pkSgku 9- ukxktZu 10- _rqjkt 11- HkkjrsUnw gfj'pUnz 12- eqa'kh izsepUn 13- egkohj izlkn f}osnh 14- y{ehukjk;.k jaxk 15- eksgu jkds'k 16- jke/kkjh flag *fnudj* 17-jkec{k 18-lar ihikA iz'u 30- lM+d lqj{kk

ikB~;Øe esa lMd lqj{kk ls lacaf/kr iz’uksa dk vH;kl dhft,A ¼ 4 vad½

15

Question Banks

English

Class 10

Section – A

1-Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below the paragraph.

Once a minister went to a prison for inspection .while he was passing through some

of the cells he came across a man who was looking like a gentleman. Curiously the minister

asked the man why he was there. The man replied, ”Sir, once I was wondering through a street ,I

saw a piece of an old rope, I thought that it was of no use ,I picked it away”

The minister surprised and turning to the officer standing behind asked,” why have

we kept this gentleman for sake of a piece of rope?” The office laughed and replied, ”Please ask

him what was tied with the rope”

“Yes, what was it?” Demanded the minister

The man replied,” Sir ,it was my bad luck that a cow was tied with the rope.”

Q-1. Who went to the prison?

Q-2. Why did the minister go to the prison?

Q-3. What did the minister see in the prison?

Q-4. Why was the man in the prison?

Q-5. Why did the officer laugh?

Q-6. What was tied with the rope?

Q-7. Write one word from paragraph.” The place where culprits are kept”

Q-8. Write similar word of “Jail” from paragraph

2- Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below the paragraph.

Once an English man proposed a beautiful French woman . The woman sent him a

photograph in reply something written on it in French language. The Man who did not know

French language and he thought that the woman had rejected his proposal & he was so sad but

he hung the photograph on one of his wall of his drawing room and he loved her so much that he

never got married.

After some years one of his French friend came to his home and saw the photograph

and he asked him about it. The man narrated him his story. His friend surprised and asked him,

” Do you know what is written on it?”

The Man replied , ”No, I don’t know. Tell me , what is written on it?”

His friend Replied , ”Come and Marry me”

Q-1. Who proposed a beautiful girl?

Q-2. What did the woman send to the man?

Q-3. What did he do with the photograph?

Q-4. What did the man do after that?

Q-5. Who came to his home ?

Q-6. What was written on the photograph?

Q-7. What did the man think about the woman?”

Q-8. Why was his friend surprise ?

Q-10. Write one word for “Giving a signal of marriage or friendship”

16

3- Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below the paragraph.

A man married a beautiful girl. He loved her very much. One day she developed a skin

disease. Slowly she started to lose her beauty. It so happened that one day her husband left for a

tour. While returning he met with an accident and lost his eyesight. However their married life

continued as usual. But as days passed she lost her beauty gradually. Blind husband did not

know this and there was not any difference in their married life. He continued to love her and

she also loved him very much.

One day she died. Her death brought him great sorrow. He finished all her last rites and

wanted to leave that town. A man from behind called and said, “now how will you be able to

walk all alone? All these days your wife used to help you.”

He replied,” I am not blind. I was acting, because if she knew l could see her ugliness it

would have pained her more than her disease. So I pretended to be blind. She was a very good

wife. I only wanted to keep her happy.”

Q-1. Who married a beautiful girl?

Q-2. What happened to the girl?

Q-3. Where did the man go and what happened while he was returning?

Q-4. What did the man do after death of his wife?

Q-5. What did a man from behind say him?

Q-6. What is the moral of the story?

Q-7. Write one word from paragraph.” one who cannot see”

Q-8. Had the man lost his eyesight?

Q-10. why did The man pretend to become blind?

4- Read the paragraph and answer the questions given below the paragraph .

A young man saw his primary school teacher at a wedding .He went to greet him with

all the respect and admiration .He said to him "Do you remember me, Sir ?"The teacher said:

"No, introduce yourself ."The student said: "I was your student in the 3rd Grade , I am the one

who stole the watch of a child in the classroom. I will remind you but I am sure you remember

the story." One of the boys in my class had a beautiful watch, so I decided to steal it .He came to

you crying that someone had stolen his watch. You asked us to stand so as to search for our

pockets .I realized that my action would be exposed in front of Students and Teachers .I will be

called a thief, a liar and my character will be shattered forever. You asked us to stand and face

the wall and close our eyes completely. You went searching from pocket to pocket, and when you

reached my pocket you pulled the watch out of my pocket, and you continued until you searched

the last student. After you finished you asked us to open our eyes and to sit on our chairs. I was

afraid you will expose me in front of the students. You showed the watch to the class and gave it

back to the boy, and you never mentioned the name of the one who stole the watch. You never

said a word to me, and you never mentioned the story to anyone. Throughout my school life,

none of the teachers nor the students talked about me stealing the watch. I thought to myself

you saved my dignity that day. Do you remember me? How can you not remember me, Sir? I was

your student and I am sure you remember the story, that I stole the watch and you did not want

to embarrass me.

This story is unforgettable. The teacher said: "I can't remember who stole the watch

that day because I searched the pockets of all of you while my eyes were also closed.

"Education needs wisdom. We should be able to be such Teachers, Parents, Leaders for

people in such circumstances. We should always calculate the consequences of our actions.

17

Q-1. What did the young man see at a wedding?

Q-2. What did young man do ?

Q-3. Who stole the watch?

Q-4. What did the teacher do to find out the watch?

Q-5. How did the teacher save the student?

Q-6. What is lesson of this paragraph?

Q-7. Write one word from paragraph.” A place where student are taught”

Section – B

Q-1- Imagine that you are Price Aadil of GSSS fort Bikaner .Write a letter to your father

requesting him for permission to engage an English tutor.

Q-2- Write a letter to the editor of Rajasthan Patrika Jaipur writing about the traffic problems

in the city.

Q-3- Write a letter to your friend describing the election held in your area.

Q-4- Write an application to The Secretary RPSC for post of a clerk .

Q-5- Write an application to the Principal for extra class in maths.

Q-6- Write an application to the Superintend of police about deteriorating law and order of

our area.

Q-5- look at following picture given below and write a paragraph in about 75 words

18

Grammar

Q-1-Fill in the blanks with correct forms of the verbs given in the brackets .

1- My father always ----------(read) a newspaper and see he is -----------(read) one now.

2- My mother often ---------(cook) food but today my sister------------------(cook) now.

3- The guest ----------(arrive) but food -----------(not cook) yet.

4. The patient ----------(die) before the doctor ------------(arrive).

5- Somebody -------------------(knock) at the door for 5 minutes. but nobody -------(open) it

yet.

6- The Truck --------------(load) before rain-------(start)

7. If I --------- (be) rich .I -------- (will) help you.

8. Unless you -------- run fast, you will miss the train.

9- The Sun ----------(rise) in east.

10- Honest --------(be) the best policy.

Q- Change the sentences active to passive voice .

1- Nobody can do this work.

2- Sita is cooking food.

3- open the door

4- let me help you.

5- I can help you.

6- You may close the door.

Q- Change the sentences active to passive voice .

1- Ram said to Sita ,”You are my friend”

2- The Teacher said to us,” Have you completed your task?”

3- He said to me,” When do you get up in the morning?”

4- Ram Said to me, ”Please help me”

5- Mother said to me, ”Don’t make noise.”

Q-8 -Fill in the blanks with correct modals.(Can, could, may, must)

1- My father ---------- read newspaper without glasses in his last days

2 -------------God bless you.

3- You are sick. You --------see the doctor.

4- I am strong enough ,I ------- run fast.

19

iz’u cSad xf.kr

d{kk&10

v/;k; & 01] ¼oSfnd xf.kr½

1- lw= ,dkf/kdsu iwosZ.k dk iz;ksx djrs gq, 31�� × 31

�� dk eku Kkr dhft, A

¼2018] vad&1½ 2- 196 ds vHkkT; xq.ku[k.Mksa dh ?kkrksa dk ;ksxQy fyf[k, A ¼2018] vad&1½ 3- }U} ;ksx fof/k ls 6889 dk oxZ ewy Kkr dhft, A ¼2018 vad&2½

v/;k; & 02] ¼okLrfod la[;k,a½

4- la[;k �

�� dk n’keyo izlkj lkar gS ;k vlkar vkorhZ \ bls n’keyo :i esa fy[ks A ¼2014] vad&1½

5- la[;kvksa 180] 72 o 252 dk H.C.F.vkSjL.C.M.Kkr dhft, A ¼2014] vad&3½ 6- vHkkT; xq.ku[k.M fof/k }kjk 96 vkSj 404 dk H.C.F.Kkr dhft, A ¼2015] vad&1½

7- fl) dhft, fd √2 ,d vifjes; la[;k gS A ¼2015] vad&3½ 8- vHkkT; xq.ku[k.M fof/k }kjk iw.kkZad 375 vkSj 675 dk H.C.F.Kkr dhft, A ¼2016] vad&1½

9- fl) dhft, fd √6 ,d vifjes; la[;k gS A ¼2016] vad&3½ 10- nks iw.kkZaad la[;kvksa dk H.C.F.oL.C.M.Øe’k% 12 vkSj 336 gSa] ;fn ,d iw.kkZad 48 gS] rks nqljk iw.kkZad Kkr

dhft, A ¼2017 ] vad&1½

11- fl) dhft, fd √3 ,d vifjes; la[;k gS A ¼2017] vad&3½ 12- ;fn nks la[;kvksa dk xq.kuQy 525 gS rks mudk egŸke lekiorZd 5 gS] rks mudk y?kqŸke lekioR;Z Kkr dhft,

A ¼2018] vad&2½

v/;k; & 03] ¼cgqin½

13- ;fn f}?kkr O;atd kx2+5x+3k 'kqU;dksa dk ;ksx muds xq.kuQy ds cjkcj gks]rks k dk eku Kkr dhft, ¼2014]vad&3½

14- 3x3+x2+2x+5dks1+2x+x2ls Hkkx nhft, A ¼2015] vad&3½ 15- f}?kkr cgqin x2+x-2ds 'kwU;d Kkr dhft, vkSj 'kwU;dksa rFkk xq.kkadksa ds chp ds laca/k dh lR;rk dh tkap

dhft, A ¼2016] vad&3½ 16- x3-6x2+11x-6dks x-2ls Hkkx nhft, vkSj foHkktu ,YxksfjFe dh lR;rk dhtk¡p dhft, A¼2017] vad&3½

17- gy dhft, % �

� �++ �� = �

� � + �� ¼2018] vad&1½

18- foHkktu ,YxksfjFke i)fr }kjk cgqinp(x)=x4-3x2+4x-3dks g(x)=x2+1-xls Hkkx nsus ij HkkxQy ,oa 'ks"kQy Kkr dhft, A¼2018] vad&3½

19- v/;k; &04 ¼nks pjksa okys jSf[kd lehdj.k ,oa vlfedk,a½

20- jSf[kd lehdj.k ;qXe 3x+4y =0 rFkk 2x-y=0 dk gy fyf[k, A ¼2014]vad&1½ 21- fuEu jSf[kd lehdj.k ;qXe dks vkysf[kr fof/k }kjk gy dhft, rFkk y&v{k rFkk ;qXe }kjk fu:fir js[kkvksa ls

fufeZr f=Hkqt ds f’k"kksaZ ds funsZ’kkad Kkr fdft,A 4x-5y =20 rFkk 3x+5y=15

22- jSf[kd lehdj.k ;qXe 4x+2y =5 rFkk x-2y=0dk gy fyf[k, A ¼2015] vad&1½ 23- fuEu jSf[kd lehdj.k ;qXeksaa dks vkysf[kr fof/k }kjk gy dhft, rFkk mu fcUnqvksa ds funsZ’kkad Hkh Kkr dhft, tgk¡

buds }kjk fu:fir js[kk,¡& y v{k dks dkVrh gSaA 24- fuEu jSf[kd lehdj.k ;qXe dks vkys[kh; }kjk gy dhft, %

2x+y=6, 2x-y=2 vr% bldh lgk;rk ls laca/k 6x+7y =p esa p dk eku Kkr dhft, A ¼2018] vad&6½

v/;k; &05 ¼lekUrj Js<+h½

25- lekUrj Js<+h 4]1] &2] &5] ----------------- ds vxys nks in fyf[k,A ¼2014] vad&1½ 26- ;fn fdlh A.P. ds izFke 12 inksa dk ;ksx 468 gS rFkk bldk lkoZ vUrj 6 gS] rks 10ok¡ in Kkr dhft, A ¼2014]

vad&3½ 27- lekUrj Js<+h 7] 5] 3] 1] &1] &3] --------------------- dk lkoZ vUrj Kkr dhft, A ¼2015] vad&1½ 28- A.P. 17] 15] 13] -------------- ds fdrus in fy, tk,¡ rkfd mudk ;ksx 81 gks \ ¼2015]vad&3½

20

29- A.P. &17] &12] &7 -------------- essa 11 ok¡ in Kkr dhft, A ¼2016] vad &1½ 30- ml A.P. izFke 15 inksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,] ftldk ikapok vkSj uok¡ in Øe’k% 26 vkSj 42 gS A ¼2016] vad&3½ 31- A.P. % 13] 8] 3 -------------- ds izFke 20 inksa dk ;ksx Kkr dhft,A ¼2017] vad&1½ 32- Vh-oh- lsVksa dk fuekZrk pkSFks o"kZ esa 720 Vh-oh- rFkk NBs o"kZ 1080 Vh-oh- lsVksa dk mRiknu djrk gS A ;g ekurs gq,

izR;sd o"kZ mRiknu esa ,d leku :i ls ,d fuf’pr la[;k esa o`f) gksrh gS] rks izFke 9 o"kksZa esa dqy mRiknu Kkr dhft,A ¼2017] vad&3½

33- ;fn fdlh lekUrj Js<+h dk nwljk o rhljk in Øe’k% 3 vkSj 5 gSa] rks blds izFke 20 inksa dk ;ksxQy Kkr dhft, A ¼2018] vad&3½

v/;k; &06]07]08 ¼f=dks.kferh; vuqikr ,oa f=dks.kferh; loZlfedk,¡ ,oa Å¡pkbZ vkSj nwjh ½

34- ;fn sinθ = �� gks] rks

� �� dk eku Kkr dhft,A ¼2014] vad&2½

35- cos�12° + cos�78dk eku Kkr dhft, A ¼2014] vad&2½ 36- fn[kkb, fd "#$36° "#$17° "#$54° "#$73° = 1 ¼2014] vad&2½ 37- ,d lery tehu ij 2 eh yEcs Nk= dh Nk;k dh yEckbZ 1 eh gSA mlh le; ,d ehukj dh Nk;k dh yEckbZ 5

eh gks] rks ehukj dh Å¡pkbZ Kkr dhft,A ¼2014] vad&2½ 38- 10 eh Å¡ps Hkou ds f’k[kj ls ,d VkWoj ds f’k[kj dk mé;u dks.k 60° gS vkSj blds ikn dk voueu dks.k 45°

gS A VkWoj dh Å¡pkbZ Kkr dhft,A ¼2014] vad&3½

39- fl) dhft, fd ( �)*+�,� -./0 = 123415 + 12"6. ¼2014] vad&3½

40- fn[kkb, fd 38$28°12362 + 12328°38$62° = 2 ¼2015] vad&2½

41- 9:��°*+9��° dk eku Kkr fdft,A ¼2015] vad&2½

42- ;fn 3 12"5 = 4,rks � 9:��,�)9:��, dk eku Kkr dhft, A ¼2015] vad&2½

43- fl) dhft, fd <� 9:�,� *+9,=�

= "#$�5¼2015] vad&3½

44- ,d unh ds iqy ds ,d fcUnq ls unh ds lEeq[k fdukjksa ds voueu dks.k Øe’k% 30° vkSj 45° gS A ;fn iqy fdukjksa ls 4 ehVj dh Å¡pkbZ ij gks] rks unh dh pkSM+kbZ Kkr dhft, A ¼2015] vad&3½

45- 1235 = �� rks 12" 5 dk eku Kkr dhft,A ¼2016] vad&1½

46- f=dks.kfefr; vuqikr & 47- "#$5 dks 3415 ds inksa esa fyf[k,A ¼2016] vad&1½ 48- ¼i½ ;fn Cos3A=Sin>5 − 34°@gks] tgk¡ A,d U;wu dks.k gS rks Adk eku Kkr dhft,A

¼ii½ fuEufyf[kr loZlfedk fl) dhft,] tgk¡ os dks.k] ftuds fy, O;atd ifjHkkf"kr gS] U;wu dks.k gSA �)*+9�,�)9:��, = A� *+9,

� 9:�,B� ¼2016] vad&6½

49- ;fn 123415 = ��C ] rks "#$5 dk eku Kkr dhft,A ¼2017] vad&1½

50- ;fn Ads f=dks.kferh; vuqikr 38$ 5 dks 12" 5 ds inksa esa fyf[k,A ¼2017] vad&1½ 51- ¼i½ >1 + "#$D + 341D@>1 + 12"D − 12341D@dk eku Kkr dhft,A

¼ii½ fl) dhft, fd] 9:�, ��,9:�,)��, = �E*, �

�E*, )� , ¼2017] vad&6½

52- vk¡/kh vkus ij ,d isM+ VwV tkrk gS vkSj VqVk gqvk Hkkx bl rjg eqM+ tkrk gS fd isM+ dk f’k[kj tehu dks Nwus yxrk gS vkSj blds lkFk 60° dk dks.k cukrk gSA isM+ ds ikn ls ml fcUnq dh nwjh]tgk¡ isM+ dk f’k[kj tehu dks Nwrk gS] 3m gSA isM+ dh Å¡pkbZ Kkr dhft,A ¼2017] vad&3½

53- cos 50°. 12341 40°dk eku Kkr dhft, A ¼2018] vad&01½

54- ;fn ,d m/okZ/kj N+M+ dh yEckbZ rFkk bldh Nk;k dh yEckbZ dk vuqikr 1%√3 gks] rks lw;Z dk mUu;u dks.k Kkr dhft,A ¼2018] vad&01½

55- ¼i½ fl) dhft, % (�)*+�� *+�� ++ = 12341D + 12"D

¼ii½ 9:��

� *+9� + *+9�� 9:�� = 1 + "#$D + 12"D¼2018] vad& 6½

(iii) ;fnsin D + cosθ = pvkSj secθ + cosecθ = q gks rks fl) dhft, fd q(p2-1) = 2p.

(iv) fl) dhft, cosA1 − tanA + sinA

1 − cotA = 38$5 + 1235

21

56- ;fn ,d [kEHks ds vk/kkj ls 20 ehVj nwj fLFkr IysVQkeZ ds ,d fcUnq ls [kEHks dh pksVh ij yxs gq, dSejs dk

mé;u dks.k 60° gS rks [kEHks dh Å¡pkbZ Kkr dhft, A ¼2018] vad&01½ 57- ,d ehukj ds vk/kkj ls 9 ehVj RkFkk 25 ehVj nwjh ij ,d gh js[kk ij fLFkr nks fcUnqvksa ls ns[kus ij ehukj ds

f’k[kj ds mé;u dks.k ijLij iwjd gSaA ehukj dh Å¡pkbZ Kkr dhft,A ¼2018] vad&03½ 58- fdlh viw.kZ ehukj ds vk/kkj ls 120 ehVj nwj fdlh fcUnq ls ehukj ds f’k[kj dk mUu;u dks.k 30° gSaaA Kkr

dhft, fd ehukj dks fdruk Å¡pk cuk;k tk;s ftlls mlh LFkku ij mldk mUu;u dks.k 60° gks tk;sA 59- leqUnz ry ls 60 ehVj Åps ykbV gkml ds f’k[kj ls ns[kus ij nks leqUnzh tgktksa dk voueu dks.k 30 o 45 gS A

;fn ykbV gkml ds ,d gh vksj ,d tgkt nwljs tgkt ds Bhd ihNs gks] rks tgktksa ds e/; nwjh Kkr djksA

v/;k; &09 ¼funsZ’kkad T;kfefr½

60- fcUnq ¼3 ] &2½ dh y&v{k ls nwjh fyf[k,A ¼2014] vad&01½ 61- ;fn M ( 4, 5)js[kk[kaM ABdk e/; fcUnq gS rFkk AfunsZ’kkad ¼3] 4½ gS] rks fcUnq Bds funsZ’kkad Kkr dhft,A

¼2014] vad&01½ 62- fcUnqvksa p (-3, 4)vkSj Q (4, 5)dks tksM+us okys js[kk[kaM dks lef=Hkkftr djus okys fcUnqvksa ds funsZ’kkad Kkr

dhft,A¼2014] vad&6½ 63- fcUnq (-5, 4) dh x-v{k ls nwjh fyf[k,A¼2015] vad&01½ 64- ;fn K ( 4, 5) js[kk[kaM PQdk e/; fcUnq gS rFkk Qds funsZ’kkad ¼2] 3½ gS] rks Pds funsZ’kkad Kkr dhft,A

¼2015] vad&01½ 65- K eku Kkr dhft,] ;fn fcUnq A ¼2] 3½] B ¼4] k½,C ¼6] &3½ lajs[kh gS A ¼2015] vad&6½

66- ;fn nks fcUnqq A ¼&2] 5½ vkSj B ¼&5] y½ dk e/; fcUnq A �� , 3B gS rks A, B ds e/; nwjh Kkr dhft, A

¼2016] vad&2½ 67- ml f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, ftlds 'kh"kZ ¼&5] 7½] ¼4] 5½ vkSj ¼&4]&5½ gS A ¼2016] vad&6½ 68- fcUnqvksa ¼4] 5½] ¼7] 6½] ¼4] 3½] ¼1] 2½ }kjk cuus okys prqHkZqt dk izdkj crkb,A

¼2017] vad&2½ 69- ml f=Hkqt dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, ftlds f’k"kZ ¼&3] &2½] ¼5] &2½] vkSj ¼5] 4½ gS A ;g Hkh fl) dhft, fd ;g

ledks.k f=Hkqt gSA ¼2017] vad&6½ 70- ¼i½ ;fn fcUnq ¼ x, 3½ vkSj ¼5] 7½ ds chp dh nwjh 5 gks] rks x eku Kkr dhft, A ¼2018 vad&3 ½

¼ii½ Kkr dhft, js[kk 3x+y = 9 fcUnqvksa ¼1] 3½ vkSj ¼2] 7½ dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M dks fdl vuqikr esa foHkkftr djrh gSA ¼2018 vad&3 ½

v/;k; &10 ¼fcUnq iFk½

71- nks fn;s x;s fcUnqvksa ls le nqjLFk fcUnqvksa dk fcUnqiFk fyf[k,A ¼2018 vad&1 ½

v/;k; &11 ¼le:irk½

72- nh xbZ vkd`fr esa ;fn OP.OQ =OR.OSrks n’kkZb, OPS=ORQo OQR =OSP ¼2018] vad&3½

73- ,d f=Hkqt ABC esa ekf/;dk,¡ AD, BE vkSj CF ,d fcUnq G ls xqtjrh gSA ;fn AD=9lseh- GE=4.2 lseh vkSj GC=6

lseh ] rks AG, BE vkSj FG dh yEckbZ ds eku Kkr dhft, A ¼2018 vad&3 ½ 74- ABC ,d ledks.k f=Hkqt gS ftldk B ledks.k gS A Hkqtk AB ij D rFkk Hkqtk BC ij fcUnq E fLFkr gSA

fl) dhft, % AE2+CD2 =AC2+DE2

22

75- ;fn ,d pfØ; prqHkqZt dh nks Hkqtk,¡ lekUrj gksa] rks fl) dhft, fd 'ks"k Hkqtk,¡ cjkcj gksaxh vkSj fod.kZ Hkh cjkcj gksaxsA

v/;k; &12 ¼o`Ÿk½

76- ;fn ,d fcUnq T ls O dsUnz okys fdlh o`Ÿk ij TA o TB Li’kZ js[kk,¡ ijLij 70° ds dks.k ij >qdh gks] rks AOB dks Kkr dhft, A ¼2014 vad&1 ½

77- nh xbZ vkd`fr esas ,d oŸk ds ifjxr ,d prqHkqZt PQRS [khapk x;k gSA fl) dhft, fd PQ+RS=PS+QR

78- ;fn fcUnq R ls O dsUnz okys fdlh o`Ÿk ij RA o RB Li’kZ js[kk,¡ ijLij θ ds dks.k ij >qdh gksa rFkk AOB=40° gks

rks dks.k θ dk eku Kkr djsa A ¼2015 vad&1 ½ 79- nh xbZ vkdfr esa O ,d o`Ÿk dk dsUnz gS ftlds cká fcUnq K ls oŸk ij nks Li’kZ js[kk,¡ KR, KS [khaph xbZ gSa] rks

fl) dhft, fd KR = KS¼2015 vad&3½

80- nh xbZ vkd`fr esa O ,d o`Ÿk dk dsUnz gS ftldk cká fcUnq Q ls oŸk ij nks Li’kZ js[kk,¡ QP vkSj QR [khaph xbZ gSA dks.k POR dk eku Kkr dhft,A ¼2016] vad&1½

81- nh xbZ vkdfr esa O,d o`Ÿk dk dsUnz gS ftlds cká fcUnq Cls o`Ÿk ij nks Li’kZ js[kk,¡ CA, CB[khaph xbZ gS] rks

fl) dhft, AOBo ACB laiqjd gSA ¼2016] vad&3½

82- ,d Q fcUnq ls ,d o`Ÿk ij Li’kZ js[kk dh yEckbZ 15cm rFkk Qdh dsUnz ls nwjh 17cm gS] rks o`Ÿk dh f=T;k Kkr dhft,A ¼2017] vad&1½

83- fl) dhft, fd fdlh cká fcUnq ls fdlh o`Ÿk ij [khaph xbZ Li'kZ js[kkvksa ds chp dk dks.k Li'kZ fcUnqvksa dks feykus okys js[kk[k.M }kjk dsUnz ij varfjr dks.k dk laiwjd gksrk gSA ¼2017]vad&3½

23

84- o`Ÿk esa dsUnz ls leku nwjh ij fLFkr thokvksa dk vuqikr fyf[k,A ¼2018] vad&1½ 85- nh xbZ vkdfr esa dqN dks.kksa dks x,y vkSj z ls fpfàr fd;k x;k gSA bu dks.kksa ds eku Kkr dhft,A ¼2018] vad&

3½

v/;k; &13 ¼o`Ÿk ,oa Li’kZ js[kk½

86- ,d 5 lseh f=T;k ds o`Ÿk ij cká fcUnq Pls nks Li’kZ js[kkvkas PA RkFkk PB dh jpuk dhft,A tgk¡ PARkFkk PB ds

e/; dks.k 65° gSA v/;k; &14 ¼jpuk,¡½

87- 3 lseh f=T;k okys o`Ÿk ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ij Li’kZ js[kk dh jpuk dhft,A

¼2014] vad&1½ 88- 3 lseh f=T;k ds o`Ÿk ij 5 lseh f=T;k ds ,d ladsanzh; o`Ÿk ds fdlh fcUnq ls ,d Li’kZ js[kk dh jpuk dhft,

vkSj mldh yEckbZ ekfi,A ¼2014] vad&3½ 89- 4 lseh f=T;k okys o`Ÿk ij fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ij fdruh Li’kZ js[kkvkas dh jpuk dh tk ldrh gS \ ¼2015] vad&1½ 90- 5 lseh ] 4-5 lseh ,oa 7 lseh Hkqtkvksa okys f=Hkqt dk ifjdsUnz dgk¡ fLFkr gksuk pkfg, dh iqf"V jpuk ds }kjk

dhft, lkFk gh blds ifjxr or dh jpuk dhft,A 91- 5 lseh- f=T;k okys o`Ÿk ds dsUnz ls 9 lseh- nwj cká fcUnq ls o`Ÿk ij fdruh Li'kZ js[kk,a [khaph tk ldrh gS A

¼2016] vad&1½ 92- f=Hkqt ABC dhjpuk dhft,] ftles AB=6 lseh]BC=4 lseh]rFkk =120°gks rks f=Hkqt ds vUrxZr or dh jpuk

dhft,A 93- 5cmf=T;k ds ,d oŸk ij ,slh nks Li’kZ js[kk,¡ [khaph,] tks ijLij 70° ds dks.k ij >qdh gksA ¼2017] vad&1½ 94- 5cmf=T;k dk ,d oŸk [khafp, A dsUnz ls 13cmnwj fLFkr ,d fcUnq ls o`Ÿk ij Li’kZ js[kk ;qXe dh jpuk dhft,

vkSj mudh yEckbZ ekfi, A ifjdyu ls bl eki dh tk¡p Hkh dhft,A ¼2017] vad&3½

v/;k; &15 ¼o`Ÿk dh ifjf/k ,oa {ks=Qy½

95- ,d v)Z xksys dh f=T;k 7 ls-eh- gS] bldk lEiw.kZ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A ¼2018] vad&2½ 96- ,d o`Ÿkkdkj ikdZ dh f=T;k 4-2 ehVj gSA ikdZ ds pkjksa vksj 1-4 ehVj pkSM+k jkLrk cuk gqvk gSA jkLrs dk {ks=Qy

Kkr dhft,A ¼2018] vad&3½

v/;k; &16 ¼i`"Bh; {ks=Qy ,oa vk;ru½

97- nks ?kuksa] ftuesa ls izR;sd dk vk;ru 27 lseh3 gS] rks layXu Qydksa dks feykdj ,d Bksl cuk;k tkrk gSA izkIr ?kukHk dk i"Bh; {ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A ¼2014] vad&2½

98- 1 lseh f=T;k vkSj 2 lseh yEch rkEcs dh ,d NM+ dks ,d leku pkSM+kbZ okys 18 ehVj yEcs ,d rkj ds :i esa cnyk tkrk gS A rkj dh eksVkbZ Kkr dhft,A ¼2015] vad&3½

99- ,d Bksl v/kZxksys dk lEiw.kZ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy 462 oxZ lseh- gS A bldh f=T;k Kkr dhft,A ¼2016] vad&2½ 100- ,d pkanh ds ?kukHk ftldh foek,a 8cm × 9cm × 11cm dks fi?kykdj leku f=T;k ds lkr xksys cuk, x, gSA

,d pkanh ds xksys dh f=T;k Kkr dhft,A ¼2016] vad&3½ 101- dksbZ crZu ,d [kks[kys v/kZxksys ds vkdkj dk gSA v/kZxksys dk O;kl 14 cmgSA bl crZu dk vkUrfjd i"Bh;

{ks=Qy Kkr dhft,A ¼2017] vad&2½ 102- 7m O;kl okyk ,d dqvk¡ [kksnk tkrk gS vkSj [kksnus ls fudyh bqbZ feÍh dks leku :i ls QSykdj 22m×

14U × 2.5U okyk ,d pcqrjk cuk;k x;k gSA dq,¡ dh xgjkbZ Kkr dhft,A ¼2017] vad&3½ 103- ,d ?ku dk lEiw.kZ i`"Bh; {ks=Qy 216 oxZ ehVj gSA ?ku dh Hkqtk Kkr dhft,A

¼2018] vad&2½

24

104- ,d jksyj dh yEckbZ 2-5 ehVj vkSj O;kl 1-4 ehVj gSA 10 PkDdj yxkus esa jksyj fdruk {ks= lery djsxkA ¼2018] vad&3½

v/;k; &17 ¼dsUnzh; izo`fr ds eki½

105- fuEu ckjaEckjrk caVu ds ek/; o cgqyd Kkr dhft, % ¼2018] vad&6½

106- fuEu ckjaEckjrk caVu ds lekURkj ek/; Kkr dhft, %&

107- fuEu ckjaEckjrk caVu ls ek/;d Kkr dhft, %&

v/;k; &18 ¼izkf;drk½

108- ;fn fdlh Nk= }kjk ,d iz’u dks gy djus dh izkf;drk

�� gS] rks Nk= }kjk iz’u gy ugha djus dh izkf;drk

Kkr dhft,A ¼2014] vad&1½

109- ,d isVh esa 30 fMLd gSa] ftu ij 1 ls 30 rd la[;k,¡ vafdr gSaA ;fn bl isVh esa ls ,d fMLd ;kn`PN;k fudkyh tkrh gS] rks bldh izkf;drk Kkr dhft, fd bl fMLd ij vafdr gksxh

¼i½ nks vadksa dh ,d la[;k ¼ii½ ,d iw.kZ oxZ la[;k A ¼2014] vad&3½

110- vPNh izdkj ls QsaVh xbZ 52 iŸkksa dh ,d xÏh eas ls ,d iŸkk bDdk ugha gksus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A ¼2015] vad&1½

111- ,d flDds dks ,d ckj mNkyk tkrk gSA blds iV ugha vkus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft,A ¼2016] vad&1½ 112- ;fn ^^E** ugha dh izkf;drk = 0.95gS] rks P(E)Kkr dhft, ¼2017] vad&1½ 113- ,d fMCCks esa 7 yky daps ] 10 lQsn daps vkSj 5 gjs daps gSA bl fMCcs esa ls ,d dapk ;kn`PN;k fudkyk tkrk

gSA bldh izkf;drk D;k gS fd fudkyk x;k dapk ¼i½ yky ugha gS \ ¼ii½ LkQsn gS \ ¼iii½ gjk gS\¼2017] vad&3½

114- ,d ikls ds ,d ckj Qsadus ij fo"ke vad vkus dh izkf;drk Kkr dhft, A ¼2018] vad&1½ 115- ,d FkSys esa ,d lQsn xsan] nks dkyh xsan vkSj rhu yky xasn ,d gh vkdkj dh gSA bl FkSys esa ls ,d xsan

;kn`PN;k fudkyh tkrh gSA izkf;drk Kkr dhft, % ¼i½ xsan lQsn gks ¼ii½ xsan dkyh u gks ¼iii½ xsan yky gks ¼2018] vad&3½

v/;k; &19 ¼lM+d lqj{kk f’k{kk½

116- ,d 24 ehVj Å¡ps iksy ij ;krk;kr fu;a=.k ds fy, CCTV dSejk yxk;k x;k gS rkfd ;g iksy ds 'kh"kZ ls 25 ehVj nwj n`f"V js[kk ds vkxs Hkh ;krk;kr ns[k ldrk gSA iksy ds pkjksa vksj vn'kZuh; o`Ÿk dk {ks=Qy Kkr dhft, A ¼2018 vad&2½

117- ;fn ,d dkj dk fdjk;k izFke fdyksehVj ds fy;s 20 #i;s rFkk blds ckn izR;sd fdyksehVj ds fy, 11 #i;s gks rks 15 fdyksehVj pyus ds fy;s dqy fdruk fdjk;k nsuk gksxkA

118- ,d dkj A LFkku ls B LFkku ij 260 fdeh nwjh 65 fdeh@?k.Vk leku xfr ls lHkh 13 gjs flXuyksa dks ikj djrh gSA Hkkjh ;krk;kr ds dkj.k ;g izFke flXuy ij 4 feuV] nwljs flXuy ij 7 ehuV] rhljs flXuy ij 10 feuV ,oe~ blh izdkj rsjgosa flXuy ij 40 feuV :drh gSA LFkku B rd igq¡pus esa bls dqy fdruk le; yxsxk \ mi;qDr xf.krh; fof/k ls gy dhft, A ¼2017] vad&2½

119- ,d eksVj dkj A LFkku ls B LFkku rd 175 fdeh nwjh 70 fdeh@?k.Vk leku xfr ls lHkh 10 gjs ;krk;kr flXuyksa dks ikj djrh gSA Hkkjh ;krk;kr ds dkj.k ;g IkzFke flXuy ij ,d feuV] nwljs flXuy ij 3 feuV] rhljs flXuy ij 5 feuV ,oe~ blh izdkj nlosa flXuy ij 19 feuV :drh gSA LFkku B rd iagqpus esa bls dqy fdruk le; yxsxkA mi;qä xf.krh; fof/k ls gy dhft, A ¼2016] vad&2½

izkIrkad 20&30 30&40 40&50 50&60 60&70 Nk=ksa dh la[;k 4 28 42 20 6

oxZ 0&6 6&12 12&18 18&24 24&30 ckjEckjrk 6 8 10 9 7

oxZ 0&8 8&16 16&24 24&32 32&40 40&48 ckjEckjrk 42 30 50 22 8 5

25

ç’u cSad foKku d{kk&10

v/;k; 1 Hkkstu ,oa ekuo LokLF;

1- rEckdw esa dkSulk gkfudkjd rRo ik;k tkrk gSA 2- ;fn fdlh O;fDr ds elwM+ks ls [kwu vkrk gks vkSj Ropk ij pdÙks cu jgs gks] rks og O;fDr fdl foVkfeu ls xazfLr gS \ 3- dksYM+ fMªaDl esa dkSulk ehBk tgj gksrk gS\ 4- dksYM+ fMªaDl esa *lhlk* fdruh ek=k esa gksrk gS\ 5- LoLF; 'kjhj dk lkekU; jDrpki fdruk gksrk gS \ 6- jDrpki ekius okys ;a= dk uke fyf[k;s \ 7- lcE;wdl Qkbczksfll jksx ds y{k.k o dkj.k crkb;s \ 8- vQhe ds nw?k esa dkSulk ,Ydksyk;M gksrs gS rFkk blls izkIr dkSuls ,Ydsyk;M dk iz;ksx nnZ fuokjd ds :i esa fd;k

tkrk gS \ 9- [kk| inkFkksZ esa feykoV ls gksus okyh pkj eq[; gkfu;ka fyf[k,A 10- Dokf'kvksdksj jksx ds dkj.k] y{k.k o jksdFkke ds mik; fyf[k, \

v/;k; 2 ekuo rU=

1- ykj xzfUFk }kjk L=kfor ,Utkbe dk uke fyf[k;s \ 2- euq"; esa eq[; mRlthZ vax dkSulk gksrk gS \ 3- ikpu ra= esa lfEefyr fdUgh nks xzfUFk;ksa ds uke fyf[k;s \ 4- 'kjhj esa ikbZ tkus okyh lcls cM+h xzfUFk dkSulh gS \ 5- izefLr"d ds nksuks xksyk)Z fdl iV~Vh ls tqM+s gksrs gS \ 6- laoj.kh isf'k;ksa dk D;k dke gS \ 7- Hkkstu dks dqrjus o dkVus okys nk¡rks dk D;k uke gS \ 8- izfrorhZ fØ;kvks dk lapkyu ,oa fu;eu eq[;r% dsUnzh; raf=dk ra= dk dkSulk Hkkx djrk gS \ 9- ekuo mRltZu ra= dk ukekafdr fp= cukb;s rFkk ukbVªkstu vif’k’V ds izdkjksa dks mnkgj.k lfgr le>kb, \ 10- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

A. ikpu ra= dk ukekafdr fp= cukb;s \ B. Hkkstu dk lokZf/kd ikpu ,oa vo’kks"k.k ikpu ra= ds ftl Hkkx esa gksrk gS mldk uke fyf[k, \ C. tBj jl esa mifLFkr ,Utkbe ds uke o mudk dk;Z fyf[k, \

11- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& A. 'olu fdls dgrs gS \ B. ekuo 'olu ra= dk ukekafdr fp= cukb;s \ C. “olu dh fØ;kfof/k le>kb;s \

12- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& A. eknkvksa esa izkFkfed ySafxd vax dk uke fyf[k;s \ B. eknk tuu ra= dk ukekafdr fp= cukb;s \ C. ekuo iztuu dh nks voLFkkvksa dks le>kb;s \

13- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& A. ekuo ân; dk ukekafdr fp= cukb;s \ B. ekuo lajpuk dk uke o dk;Z fyf[k;s \ C. vkj-ch-lh- ij ,-ch- izfrtu ds vfrfjDr dkSulk izfrtu ik;k tkrk gS \

14- ekuo esa ew= fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k dks le>krs gq, o`Dd dh lajpuk dks ukekafdr fp= dh lgk;rk ls crkbZ;s \ 15- raf=dk dh lajpuk dks ukekafdr fp= dh lgk;rk ls le>kb;s \ 16- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

A. ekuo uj tuu ra= dk ukekafdr fp= dh lgk;rk ls o.kZu dhft, \ B. euq"; esa fdl voLFkk esa ySafxd fodkl nf’Vxkspj gksrk gS\ yM+dks esa bl voLFkk ds izeq[k y{k.kksa dk

mYys[k dhft;s \ 17- euq"; esa ik;h tkus okyh ikpu xzfUFk;ksa ;Fkk ¼ykj xzfUFk] ;dr ,oa vXuk'; xzfUFk½ dk ukekafdr fp= cukb;s \ 18- ekuo esa dqN vax vuSfPNd fØ;k }kjk dke djrs gS budk lapkyu fdlds }kjk gksrk gS \ 19- NksVh vkar esa vXuk'k; o vka=kh; jl ls L=kfor gksus okys ,Utkbeksa ds uke o dk;Z fyf[k;s rFkk ;dr }kjk L=kfor fiÙk

yo.k dh ikpu esa Hkwfedk crkb;s \ 20- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

A. ekuo ds vUr%L=koh ra= dk ukekafdr fp= cukb;s \

B. varL=koh xzfUFk;ksa ds uke] muls L=kfor gkeksZu ds uke rFkk dk;Z dh lkj.khc) dhft, \

26

v/;k; 3 vuqokaf’kdh

1- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& A. ijh{k.k ladj.k fdls dgrs gS \ B. es.My }kjk m|ku eVj ikni dk p;u fdu dkj.kks ls fd;k x;k fyf[k;s \

2- es.My ds izHkkfork ds fu;e rFkk Lora= viO;wgu ds fu;e dh O;k[;k dhft;sA 3- esaMy ds vuqokaf'kdrk ds fu;eks dk egÙo fyf[k;s \ 4- ,d ladj vuqikr rFkk f}ladj vuqikr ds thuh vuqikr o y{k.kkuqikr fyf[k;sA 5- esaMy ds fu;eksa dh iquZ[kkst djus okys oSKkfudksa ds uke fyf[k;s \ 6- ckg~; ladj.k dks le>kb;s \

v/;k; 4 izfrj{kk ,oa jDr lewg

1- eka ds nw/k esa ik;s tkus okys izfrj{kh dk uke fyf[k;s \ 2- izfrj{kh v.kq esa **fgUt** D;k gS \ 3- izfrj{kh fdrus izdkj ds gksrs gS uke fyf[k;s \ 4- loZnkrk rFkk loZxzkgh jDr lewg ds uke fyf[k;s \ 5- :f/kj esa gheksXyksfcu dk fuekZ.k dkSulk rRo djrk gS \ 6- jDr esa fcyh:fcu dh vf/kdrk ls D;k gkfu gS \ 7- izfrj{kh dh Hkkjh rFkk gYdh Ja[kyk fdrus&fdrus vehuks vEy ls curh gS \ 8- dkSulh izfrj{kh vkWoy dks ikj dj Hkzw.k esa ig¡qp ldrk gS \ 9- xHkZ jDrk.kqdksjdrk jksx ds mipkj esa dkSuls Vhds dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS \ 10- fo'o ds yxHkx fdrus izfr'kr] fL=;ksa dk jDr RH

+ gksrk gS \ 11- ,d O;fDr dh RBC ij izfrtu A, nwljs dh RBC ij izfrtu A o B nksuks dk vHkko gS rks rhuksa O;fDr;ksa dk jDr lewg

rFkk thuksVkbi fyf[k;s \ 12- jDr/kku ds nkSjku dkSulh Lru/kkfjr j[kuh pkfg;s \ 13- letkr vk/kku D;k gS \ 14- dkSulk RH dkjd lcls egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gS \ 15- i'kq ejs euqt ds lkS dkt laokjs] euqt ejs fdlh ds dke u vkos& bl okD; ls euq’; dk D;k izsj.kk ysuh pkfg;sA

v/;k; 5 nSfud thou esa jlk;u

1- fdlh foy;u dh mnklhu izd`fr ds fy, pH dk eku fdruk gksrk gS \2014&1 =1

2- phaVh ds Mad ls L=ko gksus okys vEy dk uke fyf[k,A2014&1 =1 3- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

A. lksfM;e gkbMªkDlkbM dh ftad /kkrq ls gksus okyh fØ;k ls fudyus okyh xSldk uke fyf[k,A vfHkfØ;k dk lehdj.k Hkh fyf[k,A

B. fuEu esa fdldk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS \ I. ihus okys ty dks thok.kqvksa ls eqDr djus ds fy,A

II. jlksbZ?kj esa Lokfn"V [kLrk idkSM+s cukus esaA III. ty dh LFkkbZ dBksjrk nwj djus esaA IV. f[kykSus rFkk ltkoV dk lkeku cukus esaA2014& 1$2 =3

4- nks la'ysf"kr lwpdksa ds uke fyf[k,2015&1 =1 5- fdldh pH vf/kd gksxh &2015&½+½=1

(i)jDr vFkok vklqr ty \ (ii)tBj jl vFkok uhacw dk jl \ 6- ftad dh lY¶;wfjd vEy ls fØ;k ij xSl X curh gS&2015& 1+1+1 =3

I. xSl X dk uke nhft,A II. vfHkfØ;k dk lehdj.k fyf[k,A

III. xSl X dh igpku dSls djsaxs \

7- fuEufyf[kr esa ls izcy vEy ,oa izcy {kkj gSa&2016&½+½= 1 I. ,slhfVd vEy vFkok gkbMªksDyksjhu vEyA

II. lksfM;e gkbMªksDlkbM vFkok dSfYl;e gkbMªksDlkbMA 8- vEyh; vkDlkbM ds uke fyf[k;s ftuds }kjk vEyh; o"kkZ gksrh gSA2016& 1 =1

9- pH Ldsy fdls dgrs gSa\ Li"V djks fd eqag dk pH ifjorZu nUr{k; dk dkj.k gSA2016& 1$2 = 3

10- ,sYdksgkWy ds vf/kd ek=k esa lsou ls nks gkfu;k¡ fy[kksA2017&1= 1

27

11- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

(i)gkbMªkstu vk;u [H+] dh lkUnzrk dk foy;u dh izd`fr ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS \

(ii)vEy dks ruqdr djrs le; vEy dks ty esa feyk;k tkrk gS u fd ty dks vEy esaA dkj.k nhft,A (iii)larjk vkSj beyh esa ik, tkus okys vEyksa ds uke fyf[k;sA (iv)Dyksj&{kkj izfØ;k fdls dgrs gSa \2017& 1$2$1$1 =5

v/;k; 6 jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k,¡


A. jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;k dk ,d mnkgj.k nhft,A2014& 1$1 =2 B. ty ds oS|qr vi?kVu dk ukekafdr fp= cukb,A

2- izdk'k la'ys"k.k izØe ds nkSjku gksus okyh dksbZ nks ?kVuk,¡ fyf[k,A 2014& 1$1 =2 3- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

A. foLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k fdls dgrs gSa \2014& 1$2 =3 B. fuEu vfHkfØ;kvksa esa A dks igpkfu, %

(i) Zn + CuSO4 A + Cu

(ii) Na2SO4 + BaCl2 A + 2 NaCl

4- izR;sd dk ,d mnkgj.k nsrs gq, la;kstu vfHkfØ;k ,oa fo;kstu vfHkfØ;k fyf[k,A2015& 1$1 =2 5- vfHkfØ;k CuO + H2 Cu + H2O esa fdl inkFkZ dk vkWDlhdj.k ,oa fdl inkFkZ dk vip;u gks jgk gS\ bl izdkj

dh vfHkfØ;k dk ,d vU; mnkgj.k nhft,A2015& 2$1 =3‘

6- csfdax ikmMj ds nks izeq[k ?kVd fyf[k,A2016&1=1

7- la;kstu vfHkfØ;k fdls dgrs gSa\ fcu cq>s pwus o ty dh la;kstu vfHkfØ;kfyf[k,A2016& 1$1 =2 8- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

A. izdk'k la'ys"k.k izØe dh jklk;fud vfHkfØ;k rFkk bl izØe ds nkSjku gksus okyh ?kVuk,a fyf[k,A B. okgu dh gsM ykbV esa dSls niZ.k dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS \2016& 2$1 =3

9- jsMkWDl vfHkfØ;k fdls dgrs gSa\ vfHkfØ;k ZnO + C Zn + CO esa fdl inkFkZ dk mip;u ,oa fdl dk vip;u dks jgk gS \2016& 1$1$1 =3

10- yksgs dks tax ls cpkus ds nks mik; fyf[k;sA2017&1 =1

11- vfHkfØ;k dks iw.kZ dhft,A 2Mg + O2 \ 2017&1 =1 12- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

A. olk;qDr [kk| inkFkksZa dks fodrxaf/krk ls cpkus ds fy, D;k fd;k tkrk gS \ B. CuO + H2 Cu +H2O 2017& 1½+1½=3

mijksDr vfHkfØ;k esa fdl inkFkZ dk mip;u gks jgk gS o fdldk vip;u \

v/;k; 7 ijek.kq fl)kUr] rRoksa dk vkorhZ oxhZdj.k ,oa xq.k/keZ

1- vk/kqfud vkorZ lkj.kh esa vkorZ ,oa lewgksa dh la[;k fyf[k,A 2015& 1 =1 2- vkorZ lkj.kh esa fdlh vkorZ esa ck;sa ls nk;sa tkus ij fuEufyf[kr esa D;k ifjorZu gksrk gS \

(i) ijek.kq vkdkjA (ii) /kkfRod xq.kA (iii) la;kstdrk bysDVªkWuksa dh la[;kA 2015& 1$1$1 =3 3- Dyksjhu leLFkkfudksa ds ijek.kq Hkkj fyf[k,A 2016& 1 =1 4- U;wySM~al ds v"Bd fl+}kar dks fyf[k,AuEufyf[kr ls leku xq.k/keZ j[kus okys rRo dk uke fyf[k,A

¼v½ ukbVªkstu ¼c½ fyfFk;e 2016& 1$1$1 =3

5- Dyksjhu ds nks leLFkkfud fyf[k;sA 2017& 1 =1 ¼v½ leLFkkfud fdls dgrs gSa \ ¼c½ vk/kqfud vkorZ fu;e fyf[k;sA ¼l½ nks mRd"V xSlksa ds uke fyf[k;sA 2017& 1$1$1 =3

6- vkorZ lkj.kh esa fdl Cykd ds rRo ifjorhZ la;kstdrk iznf”kZr djrs gSA 7- _.kk;u dk vkdkj vius laxr ijek.kq ls cM+k D;ks gksrk gS \ 8- CaH2 +, NaH, SiH4, ALH3 mijksDr ;kSfxdksa esa Ca, Na, Si, Al dh la;kstdrk crkb;s \ 9- fdUgh nks mi/kkrqvks ds uke fyf[k;s \ 10- fdlh vkorZ esa ck;s ls nk;s tkus ij ijek.kq vkdkj fdl izdkj ifjofrZr gksrk gS \ dkj.k lfgr le>kb;s \ 11- Na, CS, Li, K dks muds c<+rs ijek.kq vkdkj ds Øe esa O;ofLFkr dhft,A 12- lqesfyr dhft,A

1- {kkjh; /kkrq ¼v½ F CykWd rRo

28

2- ijk;qjsfu;e rRo ¼c½ ;wjsfu;e ds ckn 3- laØe.k rRo ¼l½ oxZ&2 ds rRo 4- vUr% laØe.k rRo ¼n½ oxZ&1 ds rRo 5- {kkjh; enk /kkrq ¼;½ d CykWd rRo 6- eq[; rRo ¼j½ p CykWd rRo

13- lgla;kstd f=T;k ,oa oUMjoky f=T;k ls vki D;k le>rs gS \ nksuksa esa ls fdl f=T;k dk eku vf/kd gksrk gS \ 14- dkj.k crkb;s&

A. IysfVue] lksuk ,oa pkanh dk iz;ksx vkHkw’k.k cukus esa fd;k tkrk gS \ B. lksfM;e] iksVsf”k;e dks dSjksflu rsy esa laxzfgr fd;k tkrk gS \

15- fuEu ds uke crkb;s& A. ,slh /kkrq tks lkekU; rki ij nzo gS \ B. rhu rRo ftuds ckgjh d{kk esa ,d bysDVªku gS \ C. nks rRo ftudh ckgjh d{kk iw.kZ gks \

v/;k; 8 dkcZu ,oa mlds ;kSfxd

1- fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mÙkj nhft,

¼v½ lgla;ksth cUn fdls dgrs gSa \ ¼c½ esFksu rFkk ,Fkhu dh bysDVªkWu fcUnq lajpuk cukb,A ¼l½ fuEu dks mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,%

2- ladyu vfHkfØ;k dk mnkgj.k fyf[k,A 3- izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k mnkgj.k fyf[k,A 4- fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

¼v½ ,FksukWy ds futZyhdj.k dk lehdj.k fyf[k, rFkk futZyhdkjd dk uke fyf[k,A ¼c½ fuEu ;kSfxdksa dh lgh Js.kh dks lqesfyr dhft,A (i),Fksu (a)vlarÌr gkbMªksdkcZu (ii) csUthu (b)yEch Ja[kyk okys larÌr gkbMªksdkcZu

(iii)gsDlsu (c)fo"ke ijek.kq ;qDr gkbMªksdkcZu

(iv)esfFky ,sYdksgkWy (d)larÌr gkbMªksdkcZu ¼l½ lkcqu ds v.kq dh lajpuk crkb,A2014& 1$2$2 =5

5- fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ letkrh; Js.kh ds rhu xq.k fyf[k,A ¼c½ fuEufyf[kr esa ls ,Ydhu ,oa ,Ydkbu dh igpku dhft,% (i)C 2H 6 (ii) C 3H 4

(iii) C 3H 6 (iv) C 3H 8

¼l½ ,Fkhu dh bysDVªkWu fcUnq lajpuk crkb,A 6- fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

¼v½ dkcZu ds nks fof'k"V y{k.k fyf[k, ftuds dkj.k og cM+h la[;k esa ;kSfxdcukrk gSA dkcZfud ;kSfxdksa esa vkca/k dh izd`fr fyf[k,A

¼c½,Fksu ds nks mÙkjksÙkj lnL;ksa ds lw= fyf[k,A ¼l½ ,Fksu dh bysDVªkWu fcUnq lajpuk cukb,A2015& 3$1$1 =5

7- fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ csUthu dk v.kqlw= fyf[k,A ¼c½ csUthu dk lajpuk lw= cukbZ, rFkk blesa mifLFkr f=ca|ksa dh la[;k fyf[k,A ¼l½ fuEufyf[kr esa ls ,Fksu dkSulh gS \ bles mifLFkr lgla;kstd ca|ksa dh la[;k fyf[k,A

(i) C2 H2 (ii) C2 H4 (iii) C2 H6

8- fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ lkbDyksgsDlsu dk v.kqlw= fyf[k,A ¼c½ lkbDyksgsDlsu dk lajpuk lw= cukbZ, rFkk blesa mifLFkr lgla;kstd ca|ksa dh la[;k fyf[k,A ¼l½ fuEufyf[kr esa ls ,sFkhu dkSulh gS \ blesa mifLFkr lgla;kstd f}ca| dh la[;k fyf[k,A2016& 1$2$2 =5

9- fuEukafdr ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb;sA

29

(i)lar`Ir gkbMªksdkcZuA (ii) vlar`Ir gkbMªksdkcZu dk gkbMªkstuhdj.kA ¼c½ dkcZu ijek.kq dh nks fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k;sA ¼l½ izfrLFkkiu vfHkfØ;k fdls dgrs gSa\

10- fuEukafdr ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ lkcqu rFkk viektZd esa varj crkb;sA ¼c½ 'kq++) ,lhfVd vEy dks Xys'ky ,lhfVd vEy D;ksa dgrs gSa \ ¼l½ lgla;ksth vkca/k fdls dgrs gSa\ lgla;ksth ;kSfxdksa ds nks xq.k/keZ crkb;sA 2017& 3$1$1 =5

11- IUPAC, CNG rFkk LPG dk iqjk uke fyf[k;s \ 12- ghjk o xzsQkbV dh lajpuk o xq.kks esa 4 vUrj crkb;s \ 13- fuEukafdr dks le>kb;s&

A. oYdhuhdj.k B. leprq’Qydh; lajpuk C. Qqyjhu dh fo'ks"krk,a

14- ,Ydsu] ,Ydhu o ,Ydkbu dk ewy lw= fyf[k;s \ 15- PVC, o PAN dk iqjk uke fyf[k;s rFkk bUgs cukus dh fof/k o mi;ksx fy[kksA 16- fdUgh nks la”ysf’kr jcj ds uke o mi;ksx fyf[k;s \ 17- xzsQkbV fo|qr dk lqpkyd gS D;ksa \

v/;k; 9 izdk’k

1- vory niZ.k ds eq[; Qksdl dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A mÙky niZ.k ds nks mi;ksx fyf[k,A 2014& 1+1+1 =3


¼v½ ysUl dh {kerk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A ¼c½ vory ysUl ds izdkf'kd dsUnz ls 2 f 1 rFkk f 1 nwjh ds e/; fLFkr fdlh fcUnq ij fLFkr fcEc dk izfrfcEc cukus ds fy, fdj.k fp= cukb;s rFkk izfrfcEc dh izd`fr fyf[k,A ¼l½ tc izdk'k nks ek/;eksa ds vUrjki`"B ij vfHkyEcor~ vifrr gksrk gS] rks D;k gksrk gS \ 2014& 1+1+2+1 =5

3- vk¡[k ds nks eq[; nks"kksa ds uke crkb;sA muds mRiUu gksus ds dkj.kksa ,oa muds fuokj.k ds mik;ksa dks le>kb;sA 4- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

¼v½ xksyh; niZ.k dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A ¼c½ vory ,oa mÙky niZ.k esa fHkUurk crkb,A ¼l½ okLrfod ,oa vkHkklh izfrfcEc esa D;k varj gS \

5- 'osr izdk'k dk fo{ksi.k D;k gS \ bl fo{ksi.k gksus dk D;k dkj.k gS \ dk¡p ds ,d fizT+e }kjk 'osr izdk'k ds fo{ksi.k dk fp= cukb,A

6- tc izdk'k gok ls dk¡p esa rFkk iqu% gok esa vkrk gS] rks izdk'k ds viorZu n'kkZus okys fp= dks ukekafdr dhft,A 7- Mªkboj dks jkf= esa fdl izdkj ds izdk'k iqat dk iz;ksx djuk pkfg;s ,oa D;ksa \ Li"V dhft;sA 8- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

¼v½ fdlh xksyh; niZ.k ds fy, vko/kZu dk lw= fyf[k,A ¼c½ ml niZ.k dk uke fyf[k,] tks fcac dk lh/kk rFkk vkof/kZr izfrfcac cuk ldsA ¼l½ mÙky niZ.k ds eq[; Qksdl dh ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A

9- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ fizTe ls izdk'k viorZu dk fdj.k fp= cukb, rFkk 'osr izdk'k ds fo{ksi.k dh ifj?kVuk dks le>kb,A ¼c½ ysal {kerk dk lw= fyf[k, rFkk blds ek=d dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A

10- fuEufyf[kr dks le>kb,& ¼1½ ok;qeaMyh; viorZu ,oa vfxze lw;ksZn;A ¼2½ fV.My izHkkoA ¼3½ fudV nf"V nks"k ;qDr us= dk fdj.k fp= cukb,A

30

11- fn, x, fdj.k fp= esa vkiru dks.k dk eku ,oa viofrZr fdj.k dk uke fyf[k,A 2017&½½

12- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ okguksa ds i'p&n`'; niZ.k ds :i esa iz;qDr xksyh; niZ.k dk uke fyf[k,A ¼c½ dksbZ fo|qr cYc 220 V ds tfu= ls la;ksftr gSA ;fn cYc ls 0-5 A /kkjk izokfgr gksrh gS rks cYc dh 'kfDr dk eku fyf[k,A 2017& 11

13- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ mÙky ysal ds eq[; Qksdl dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A ,d fcEc mÙky ysal ds eq[; Qksdl F ,oa 2F ds e/; fLFkr gSA blds izfrfcEc cuus dk izdk'k fdj.k fp= cukb;sA ¼c½ ysal lw= fyf[k,A ¼l½ fdlh ysal dh Qksdl nwjh 0-5 eh- gS] rks ysal dh {kerk dh x.kuk dhft,A

14- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ xksyh; niZ.k ds oØrk dsUnz dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A ¼c½ ,d vory niZ.k ds }kjk izfrfcEc dk cuuk n'kkZus ds fy, fdj.k fp= cukb, tcfd ,d fcEc ,oa blds izfrfcEc dk vkdkj leku gSA niZ.k lw= fyf[k,A ¼l½ ;fn ,d ek/;e dk viorZukad 1-5] fuokZr esa izdk'k dh pky 3X108 eh-@lS- gS] rks ek/;e esa izdk'k dh pky dh x.kuk dhft,A

15- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ varfj{k ;k=h dks vkdk'k dkyk D;ksa izrhr gksrk gS \ 2014& 1+1 =2 ¼c½ vk¡[k dh iqryh ds vkdkj dks bldk dkSulk Hkkx fu;fU=r djrk gS \

16- vfHkus= ysal dh og {kerk ftlds dkj.k og viuh Qksdl nwjh dks lek;ksftr dj ysrk gS] D;k dgykrh gS \ n`f"V ds fy, gekjs nks us= D;ksa gS] dsoy ,d D;ksa ughaa \ bl rF; dks fuEu vk/kkjksa ij Li"V dhft, &2016& 1+1 =2

¼v½ n`f"V {ks= ¼c½ foeh; vk/kkj ij

17- lkekU; n`f"V ds r#.k o;Ld ds fy, ^lqLi"V n'kZu dh vYire nwjh* dk eku fyf[k,A 2017& 1 =1 18- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

¼v½ dksbZ O;fDr ikl dh oLrq dks Li"V ugha ns[k ldrk rks n`f"V&nks"k dk uke fyf[k,A bl nf"V&nks"k esa iz;qDr ysal dk uke fyf[k,A ¼c½ ^fVaMy izHkko* dks la{ksi esa le>kb;sA 2017& 1+1+1 =3

v/;k; 10 fo|qr /kkjk

1- ,d gh lkWdsV ls ,d gh le; ij cgqr ls fo|qr&lkf/k=ksa dks la;ksftr djus ls D;k gksrk gS \ 2014& 1 =1 2- fdlh fo|qr cYc ds rUrq esa 300 C vkos'k 5 feuV rd izokfgr gksrk gSA fo|qr ifjiFk esa izokfgr fo|qr /kkjk dk

ifj.kke Kkr dhft,A 2014& 1 =1 3- vkse ds fu;e dk dFku dhft,A bl fu;e ds lR;kiu dks iz;ksx }kjk le>kb;sA 2014& 1+2 =3 4- nks fo|qr ySEi ftuesa ls ,d dks vuqerkad 60 W] 220 V rFkk nwljs dk 40 W] 220 V gS] fo|qr 220 V vkiwfrZ esUl

ds lkFk ik'oZØe esa la;ksftr gSA ;fn fo|qr vkiwfrZ dh oksYVrk 220 V gS] rks fo|qr esUl ls dqy fdruh /kkjk yh tkrh gS \ 2014& 1+2=3

5- ?kjsyw fo|qr ifjiFkksa esa vfrHkkj.k ls cpko ds fy, dkSu&lh nks lko/kkfu;k¡ cjruh pkfg, \ 2015&½+½ =1 6- ,d ?kjsyw fo|qr ifjiFk esa 5 ,sEih;j dk ¶;wt gSA 100 W ¼220 V) ds vf/kdre cYcksa dh la[;k D;k gksxh ftudk bl

ifjiFk esa lqjf{kr mi;ksx dj ldsa \2015& 1 =1 7- fdlh fo|qr cYc ds rarq esa ls 0-25 ,sEih;j fo|qr /kkjk 20 feuV rd izokfgr gksrh gSA fo|qr ifjiFk ls izokfgr fo|qr

vkos'k dk ifjek.k Kkr dhft,A2015& 1 =2

31

8- ¼v½ dkSu ls dkjd gSa ftu ij ,d pkyd dk izfrjks/k fuHkZj djrk gS\ izfrjks/kdrk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, rFkk bldk SI ek=d fyf[k,A ¼c½ fn;s x, ifjiFk esa dqy izfrjks/k ,oa izokfgr dqy /kkjk dk eku crkb,A

2015& 2½+2½ =5 9- ¼v½ twy ds rkiu fu;e dk dFku dhft,A fo|qr cYcksa esa Hkjh tkus okyh nks xSlksa ds uke crkb, rFkk Li"V dhft, fd

bu xSlksa dks fo|qr cYcksa esa D;ksa Hkjk tkrk gSA ¼c½ fdlh fo|qr bL=h esa vf/kdre rkiu nj ds fy, 840 okV dh nj ls ÅtkZ miHkqDr gksrh gSA fo|qr L=ksr dh oksYVrk 220 V gSA fo|qr /kkjk rFkk izfrjks/k ds eku ifjdfyr dhft,A 2015& 2½+2½ =5

10- fn, x, ifjiFk fp= la;kstu esa 10 vkse izfrjks/k ls izokfgr /kkjk I2 Kkr dhft,A 2016& 1 =1

11- dkWye X dks dkWye Y ls lqesfyr dhft, & 12- dkWye X ¼HkkSfrd jkf'k@fu;e½ dkWye Y ¼lw=½

13- 600 W vuqer dk dksbZ fo|qr jsÝhtjsVj 8 ?kaVs@fnu pyk;k tkrk gSA 4-00 :i;s izfr fdyksokWV ?kaVk ds nj ls bls 30

fnu rd pykus ds fy, ÅtkZ dk ewY; D;k gS \ 2016& 1 =3 14- fn, x;s ifjiFk dk rqY; izfrjks/k fyf[k,A 2017& 1 =1

15- ?kjsyw fo|qr ifjiFkksa esa lkekU;r% fo|qr lkf/k=ksa ¼midj.kksa½ dks lekUrj ¼ik'oZ½ la;kstu esa D;ksa tksM+rs gSa \ 2017& 1 =2 16- vkse dk fu;e fyf[k,A vkse ds fu;e ls lacaf/kr fn, x, ifjiFk esa ;qfDr X o Y dk uke fyf[k,A 2017& 1+1+1 =3

32

17- fo|qr /kkjk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A fdlh fo|qr cYc ds rUrq esa 1 ,Eih;j dh /kkjk 30 lsd.M rd izokfgr gksrh gSA fo|qr

ifjiFk ls izokfgr fo|qr vkos'k dk ifjek.k Kkr dhft,A 2017& 1+2 =3

18- fo|qr tfu= dk ukekafdr fp= cukb;sA 2014& 1 =1 19- nf{k.k gLr vaxq"B dk fu;e fyf[k,A fdlh /kkjkokgh ifjukfydk ds Hkhrj ,oa mlds pkjksa vksj pqEcdh; {ks= js[kkvksa dks

iznf'kZr djus ds fy, mi;qä fp= cukb;sA /kkjkokgh ifjukfydk dh lgk;rk ls fdlh yksgs ds NM+ dks pqEcd esa dSls cnyk tkrk gS \ fp= cukdj o.kZu dhft,A 2014& 1+1+2+1 =5

20- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ pqEcdh; {ks= esa j[ks gq, ,d /kkjkokgh pkyd ij yxus okys cy dh fn'kk ds fy, ¶ysfeax dk ck;k¡&gkFk dk fu;e fyf[k,A ¼c½ fdlh fo|qr /kkjkokgh ifjufydk ds Hkhrj ,oa mlds pkjksa vksj pqEcdh; {ks= js[kkvksa dks iznf'kZr djus ds fy, fp= cukb,A ¼l½ pkj ;qfDr;ksa ds uke fyf[k, tgk¡ fo|qr /kkjkokgh pkyd rFkk mlds lkFk pqEcdh; {ks=ksa dk mi;ksx gksrk gSA

21- fdlh fn, x, {ks= esa pqEcdh; {ks= ,d leku gSA bls fu:fir djus ds fy, vkjs[k [khafp,A 22- fdlh {kSfrt 'kfDr lapj.k ykbu ¼ikoj ykbu½ esa iwoZ ls if'pe fn'kk dh vksj fo|qr /kkjk izokfgr gks jgh gSA blds Bhd

uhps ds fdlh fcUnq ij pqEcdh; {ks= dh fn'kk D;k gksxh \ 2016& 1 =1

23- izR;korhZ /kkjk dh ifjHkk"kk nhft, rFkk bls mRiUu djus okyh ;qfDr dh dk;Zfof/k Li"V dhft,A bldk ukekafdr fp=

cukb,A blds /kkjk fn'kk ifjorZu dks le>kb,A 2016& 1+2+1+1 =5

24- fuEukafdr iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& ¼v½ fo|qr tfu= dk ukekafdr fp= cukb;sA bldh cukoV ,oa dk;Ziz.kkyh dks la{ksi esa le>kb;sA ¼c½ fdlh NM+ pqEcd dh pqEcdh; {ks= js[kkvksa ds dksbZ nks xq.k fyf[k,A

v/;k; 11 dk;Z]ÅtkZ vkSj 'kfDr

1- ?kjksa esa fctyh dh [kir de djus ds fy, dkSulh ykbV dk mi;ksx mfpr gksxk \ 2- dk;Z ls vki D;k le>rs gS \ xfrt ÅtkZ fdls dgrs gS blds dksbZ rhu mnkgj.k fyf[k, \

3- fLFkfrt ÅtkZ fdls dgrs gS \ ,d vkn”kZ fLizax dk fu;arkd K gks rks fLizax dks x nwjh rd laihfM+r djus ij fLizax }kjk vftZr fLFkfrt ÅtkZ dk lw= fyf[k,A

4- ,d 70 fdyksxzke dk O;fDr 2 feuV esa 15 ehVj mpkbZ rd tkrk gSA O;fDr }kjk mi;ksx esa yh xbZ 'kfDr Kkr dhft, 5- 2 [email protected] osx ls py jgs 40 fdyksxzke nzO;eku ij ,d cy yxk;k tkrk gS ftlls mldk osx c<+dj 5

[email protected] gks tkrk gS cy }kjk fd;s x;s dk;Z dk ifjdyu dht, \

6- ,d bysDVªksu 2-5 x 106 [email protected] ds osx ls xfreku gS rks bysDVªksu dh xfrt ÅtkZ Kkr dhft, \

7- ,d ;wfuV dks twy esa ifjofrZr dhft, \ 8- ÅtkZ ds :ikUrj.k esa gksus okys fofHkUu izdkj ds {k; dks le>kb, bu {k;ksa dks de djus ds mik; Hkh le>kb;s \

v/;k; 12 izeq[k izkd`frd lalk/ku

1- thok'eh bZa/ku] ÅtkZ ds fdl izdkj ds lzksr gSa \ fdUgha nks thok'eh bZa/ku ds uke fyf[k;sA 2014& 1+1 =2 2- [kk|&Üka[kyk dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft;sA ,d ikfjra= esa ÅtkZ ds izokg dks vkjs[k fp= dh lgk;rk ls le>kb;sA 3- ÅtkZ ds vuohdj.kh; o uohdj.kh; lzksr D;k gSa \ 2015&½+½ =1 4- ¼v½ ukfHkdh; ÅtkZ iznku djus okys nks rRoksa ds uke crkb,A

¼c½ Tokj&HkkVk fdls dgrs gSa \ 2015& 1+1 =2 5- mÙke ÅtkZ lzksr dh pkj fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k;sA 2016&½X4 =2 6- thok'e dh ifjHkk"kk fyf[k;s rFkk blds le; fu/kkZj.k izfØ;k dks Li"V dhft,A 2016& 1+1 =2 7- ¼v½ ÅtkZ ds dksbZ nks ikjEifjd lzksrksa ds uke fyf[k,A

¼c½ iou ÅtkZ ds mi;ksx dh dksbZ nks lhek,¡ fyf[k,A 2017&½X4 =2 9- nks tSo rFkk nks vtSo lalk/ku fyf[k, 10- Hkkjr esa ik;s tkus okys fons”kh ewy tSo rU= ds dqN thoksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 11- IUCN dk iwjk uke fyf[k;s \ 12- jsM MkVk cqd ls D;k vfHkizk; gS \ 13- fdl jk’Vªh; m|ku esa jkbuksfotu 2020 dk foLrkj fd;k tk jgk gS \ bl foLrkj gsrq D;k dne mBk, x;s gS \ 14- jktLFkku ljdkj us ck;ksMhty dh O;oLkkf;d [ksrh dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, D;k dk;Z ;kstuk vkjEHk dh gS \ 15- fpidks vkUnksyu dk o.kZu ¼laf{kIr½ dfj;sa \ 16- jktLFkku esa ty lap;u dh izeq[k ikjEifjd fof/k [kMhu dk o.kZu dhft, \

33

v/;k; 13 vif’k"V ,oa bldk izcU/ku

1- vif'k"V D;k gS \ ,ssls nks mik; crkb;s ftlls vki Lo;a vif'k"V fuLrkj.k esa ;ksxnku ns ldrs gS \ 2- vif'k"V jfgr fodkl fdl izdkj laHko gS f'kojeu desVh }kjk vif'k"V izcU/ku gsrq nks mik; fyf[k, \ 3- tSo fuEuhdj.kh; rFkk vtSo fuEuhdj.kh; vif'k"V esa vUrj fyf[k;s \ 4- xzhu&gkml xSlks ds uke fyf[k;s \ 5- vius pkjksa vksj ds okrkoj.k ls fofHkUu vif'k"V inkFkksZ dh lwph cukdj mudks oxhZdr dfj;s \ 6- iqupZØ.k] HkwfeHkjko rFkk HkLehdj.k ls vki D;k le>rs gS \

v/;k; 14 ikniksa ,oa tUrqvksa ds vkfFkZd egÙo

1- js'ke dhV ds ykokZ dk uke fyf[k;s \ 2- e/kqe[[kh ikyu ls izkIr nks mRiknksa ds uke fyf[k;s \ 3- js'ke dhV }kjk js'ke dk /kkxk dSlss cuk;k tkrk gS \ 4- pk; o dkQh is; inkFkZ cukus esa ikni dk dkSulk Hkkx mi;ksx gksrk gS \ rFkk bu ikniksa ds ouLifrd uke Hkh fyf[k;s 5- eNyh esa fdl iks’kd rRo dh vf/kdrk gksrh gS \ 6- eNyh ikyu gsrq dkSulk ty vf/kd mi;qDr ekuk tkrk gS \ 7- eNfy;kssa dks fdl izdkj dk Hkkstu fn;k tkrk gSa \ 8- vukt mRiknd nks iks/kkS ds ouLifrd uke fyf[k;s \ 9- rsy mRiknd nks iks/kkS ds ouLifrd uke fyf[k;s \ 10- yk[k lao/kZu fdls dgrs gS \ yk[k dhV dk oSKkfud uke fyf[k;s rFkk yk[k mRiknu dh fof/k;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, \ 11- eqfxZ;ksa esa gksus okys nks jksxks ds uke fyf[k;s \ 12- fuEu dks crkb;s%&

A. LrEHk ls izkIr vkS"k/kh; ikni ds oSKkfud uke

B. ewy ls izkIr vkS’k/kh; ikni ds oSKkfud uke

C. Nky ls izkIr vkS’k/kh; ikni ds oSKkfud uke

D. Qy ls izkIr vkS’k/kh; ikni ds oSKkfud uke 13- js'ks mRiknu rFkk bekjrh dk’B ds nks&nks ikniksa ds oSKkfud uke fyf[k;s \ 14- eksrh ;k eqDrk lao/kZu D;k gS \ 15- Ms;jh m|ksx dks le>krs gq, HkSl o xk; dh nks&nks ns”kh uLyksa ds uke fyf[k;sA

v/;k; 15 i`Foh dh lajpuk

1- i`Foh dh vkUrfjd foorZfud “kfDr;ksa dk D;k vFkZ gS \ fdUgh nks vkUrfjd foorZfud “kfDr;ksa dks le>kb;s \ 2- lqukeh fdls dgrs gS \ Xykscy okfeZax ds dkj.k fgeunksa ij iM+us okys izHkko dks le>kb;s \ 3- vi{k;.k dh “kfDr;ksa dk d`f’k esa D;k ykHk gS \ 4- ukekafdr fp= dh lgk;rk ls i`Foh dh vkarfjd lajpuk dks le>kb;s \ 5- fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mÙkj nhft,&

A. i`Foh dk tUe dc ls ekuk tkrk gS \ B. i`Foh vkSj lwjt ds e/; fdruh nwjh gS \ C. iou fdls dgrs gS \ D. oSfnd lH;rk dk fodkl dkSulh unh ds fdukjs ij gqvk Fkk \

6- fuEukafdr iz’uksa ds mÙkj nhft,& A. fgeikr fdls dgrs gS \ B. Tokj HkkVk dSls mRiUu gksrk gS \

7- rhozrk ds vuqlkj HkwdEi dk oxhZdj.k dhft;s \ 8- leqnzh /kkjk;s D;k gksrh gS \ 9- pUnzek dh mRifr dSls gqbZ \ 10- vijnu dk D;k vFkZ gS \ nks izdkj dh vijnu 'kfDr;ksa dk ekuo thou esa egRo crkb;s \

v/;k; 16 czgek.M ,oa tSo fodkl

1- tho’e fdls dgrs gS \ ekuo “kjhj esa ik;s tkus okys nks vo”ks’kkaxks ds uke fyf[k;s \ 2- yqIr gks pqds thoksa ds fo’k; esa tkudkjh dSls feyrh gS \ 3- _xosn ds fdl lwDr esa czg~ek.M dh mRifr ds fo"k; esa foLrkj ls ppkZ dh xbZ gS \ 4- tho mRifr ds lEcU/k esa feyj ds iz;ksx dks le>kb;s \ 5- thok’e dh vk;q dh x.kuk fdl fof/k ls dh tk ldrh gS \ 6- fcx cSad vo/kkj.kk D;k gS \

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7- mRifjorZu fdls dgrs gS bldk mnkgj.k nhft, \ 8- ,D;kik;jksfVd ekWMy fdlus izLrqr fd;k Fkk \ 9- l`f"V dh mRifr ds fo’k; esa Hkkjrh; lksp dks le>kb;s \ 10- orZeku thou Mh,u, ij iw.kZr% vk/kkfjr gS dSls le>kb;s \ 11- HkkSfrdh ds nks mnkgj.k lfgr tSo dsfUnz;drk dks le>kb;s \ 12- l`f"V mRifr dh Hkkjrh; vo/kkj.kk o fcx cSad vo/kkj.kk crkb;s \

v/;k; 17 i`Foh ds ckgj thou dh [kkst

1-Hkkjr us igyk jkWdsV dc NksM+k \ 2- ge fdl vkdk’kxaxk ds rkjs ij jgrs gS \ 3- ,fy;u 'kCn dk D;k vFkZ gS \ 4- fdl LFkku ij jgdj ,d fnu esa 15 ckj lw;ksZn; ns[k ldrs gS \ 5- i`Foh ds ckgj ds thou ds fo’k; esa viuh lksp crkb;s \ orZeku oSKkfud bl ckjs esa D;k lksprs gS \ 6- l`tukRed o fouk’kkRed cyks dk D;k vFkZ gS \ 7- mixzgksa ds egRoksa dks le>kb;s \ 8- fo’o vUrfj{k vfHk;ku esa Hkkjr dh Hkwfedk ij izdk’k Mkfy, \ 9- Lo;a dks vUrjk"Vªh; varfj{k LVs’ku esa ekudj fnup;kZ dk o.kZu dhft, \ 10- thou dks cuk;s j[kus ds fy, xzg ds rkiØe dks ,d lhek esa cuk;s j[kuk dSls laHko gS \

v/;k; 18 Hkkjrh; oSKkfud% thou ifjp; vkSj miyfC/k;k¡

1- fdl oSKkfud us viuh vkRedFkk dks **n QkWy vkWQ , LisZjh** uke fn;k \ 2- **jeu izHkko** dh [kkst lacf/kr izfØ;k dh nks eq[; fo”ks’krk,a D;k Fkh \ 3- ,slk dkSulk Hkkjrh; oSKkfud gS tks egku fp=dkj Hkh Fkk vkSj ftlds fp= vkt Hkh fczfV”k vkVZ xSysjh esa yxs gS \ 4- pjd lafgrk fdu Hkk"kk esa fy[kh xbZ gS ;g fdrus [k.Mksa esa ckVh xbZ gS \ 5- MkW- dyke dk j{kk o varfj{k esa ;ksxnku crkb;s \ 6- lj lh-oh- jeu rFkk MkW- lyhe vyh dk foKku esa ;ksxnku dk o.kZu djksa \ 7- lqJqr rFkk pjd dk fpfdRlk foKku esa D;k ;ksxnku jgk gS o.kZu dhft, \ 8- lqesfyr dhft,

1- IykfLV ltZjh ds firk ¼v½ MkW- Hkkek 2- cMZeSu vkWQ bf.M;k ¼c½ MkW- iapkuu egs”ojh 3- felkbZy eSu ¼l½ lqJqr 4- Hkkjrh; ijek.kq foKku ds firk ¼n½ MkW lyhe vyh 5- Hkzw.k foKku ¼;½ MkW ,-ih-ts- vCnwy dyke

v/;k; 19 tSo fofo/krk ,oa bldk laj{k.k

1- fdl o{k dks ck;ksMhty o`{k dgrs gS \ 2- tSo fofo/krk fdls dgrs gS \ 3- vUrjk"Vªh; tSo fofo/krk fnol dc euk;k tkrk gS \ 4- lh-ch-Mh- laf/k dc o dgk vfLrRo esa vkbZ \ 5- lh-ch-Mh- ds izfr Hkkjr ljdkj dh izfrc)rk dks /;ku esa j[kdj dsUnz ljdkj us dkSulk ,DV cuk;k \ 6- IUCN, CITIES, CBD 'kCnksa dk foLrkj dhft, \ 7- ,sls fons’kh ikni iztkfr;ksa ds uke fyf[k, ftUgs Hkkjr esa lkSUn;Z fdj.k ds fy;s yk;k x;k Fkk] ysfdu os LFkkuh; tSo

fofo/krk dk [krjk cu xbZ \ 8- tSo fofo/krk ds rIr LFky dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, \ 9- **esa<+d dh Vkaxks ds fu;kZr dk tSo fofo/krk ij izfrdwy izHkko gqvk gS ** bl dFku dks le>kb, \ 10- fons’kh tkfr;ksa ds vkØe.k ls tSo fofo/krk ij D;k izHkko iM+rk gS le>kb, \ tSo fofo/krk dk vkfFkZd egRo fyf[k, \ 11- LoLFkkus o cfgLFkkus laj{k.k dks le>kb, \ 12- vuqokaf’kd fofo/krk D;k gS tSo fofo/krk ladV ds nks dkjdks dks le>kb;s \

v/;k; 20 lM+d lqj{kk f’k{kk

1- ,d okgu dh yky jks”kuh dh b.MhdsVj ykbV D;k n'kkZrh gS \ 2- okguksa dh gSMykbV esa dSlk ni.kZ iz;ksx esa ysrs gS \ 3- jDr esa ,Ydksgy dh lkUnzrk ¼BAC½ lhek D;k fu/kkZfjr gS \ 4- dksgjs ds nkSjku ihys jax dk dkxt Mªkbfoax esa dSls enn djrk gS \ 5- Mªkbfoax ds nkSjku lWyQksu dk iz;ksx djus ij n.M dk D;k izko/kku gS \

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6- yEcs le; rd cSVjh dke esa u ysus ij cSVjh fMLpktZ D;ks gks tkrh gS \ 7- dkj dh gSMykbV esa 12 okWYV ,oa 60 ckV dk cYc iz;ksx esa fy;k tkrk gS \ cYc tyus ij fo|qr/kkjk dh x.ku dhft, 8- okgu pkyd ds fy, lkbM fejj dk D;k mi;ksx gS \ ;g fdl izdkj dk ni.kZ gksxkA 9- ekuo thou dh nq?kZVuk gksus ij j{kk djus ds fy, lqizhe dksVZ us fdu&fdu vkns'kksa dks tkjh fd;k gS \ 10- ,d okgu pkyd ds fudV n`f"V nks"k ls ihfM+r gS og p'esa esa _.kkRed vkSj /kukRed {kerk ds ySalks esa ls fdldk

iz;ksx djsxkA ySal dh izd`fr D;k gksxh \ 11- nks okguksa ds Vdjkus ij pkyd ,oa okgu esa cSBs vU; O;fDr;ksa ds nq?kZVuk xzLr gks tkus ij ,d vkn'kZ lM+d

mi;ksxdrkZ ds :i esa vkidk D;k dÙkZO; gksrk gS \ 12- lqjf{kr Mªkbfoax ds fy, fdu&fdu ckrksa dk /;ku j[kuk iM+rk gS \

36

iz’u cSad lkekftd foKku

d{kk&10

Hkkx&v

1. fcUnwlkj ds le; vk, ;wukuh jktnwr dk D;k uke Fkk \ 2. iqjk.kksa esa v'kksd dk D;k uke feyrk gS \ 3. lekgrkZ uked vf/kdkjh dk D;k dk;Z Fkk \ 4. vfUre ekS;Z lezkV dkSu Fkk \ 5. dkSfVY; dh iqLrd dk uke crkb;s \ 6. lkr okgu oa'k ds lcls izrkih jktk dk D;k uke Fkk \ 7. bykgkckn iz'kfLr dk ys[kd dkSu Fkk \ 8. ekS;ksZ }kjk fufeZr lqn'kZu >hy dk >h.kksZ}kj fdlus djok; \ 9. ikyoa'kh jktk fdl /keZ ds vuq;k;h Fksa \ 10. orZeku t;iqj ds vkl&ikl dk {ks= fdl egktu in ds uke ls tkuk tkrk Fkk \ 11. pUnzxqIr eks;Z us uUnoa'k ds fdl 'kkld dks ijkftr dj ex/k ds jktflgaklu ij vf/kdkj dj fy;k Fkk \ 12. v'kksd ds vf/kdka'k vfHkys[k fdl fyfi esa gS \ 13. v'kksd ds le; esa lkezkT; fdrus izkUrks esa foHkDr Fkk \ 14. NBh 'krkCnh bZ- iwoZ esa Hkkjr esa fdrus egktu in fo|eku Fks \ 15. egktu in dky esa x.kjkT;ksa dh lcls cM+h laLFkk dkSulh Fkh \ 16. vfHkys[kksa esa v'kksd fdu mikf/k;ksa ls foHkwf"kr gS \ 17. v'kksd us ckS) /keZ ds fdu f=jRuksa ds izfr vius vkLFkk izdV dh Fkh \ 18. dkSfVY; ds vuqlkj ekS;ksZ dk dsUnzh; iz'kklu fdrus foHkkxks esa foHkDr Fkk foHkkx D;k dgykrs Fks \ 19. v'kksd ds vfHkys[kksa dks loZizFke i<+us esa fdls lQyrk feyh Fkh \ 20. v'kksd ds :EeunsbZ vfHkys[k gekjs fy, D;ksa egÙoiw.kZ gS \ 21. ekS;Zdkyhu nks U;k;y; ds uke fyf[k, \ 22. lkrokgu oa'k dh LFkkiuk fdlus vkSj dc dh \ 23. pSR; fdls dgrs gS \ 24. xqIroa'k ds fdl 'kkld dks Hkkjr dk usiksfy;u dgk tkrk gS \ 25. 'kd fot; ds i'pkr~ pUnzxqIr f}rh; us dkSuls mikf/k /kkj.k dhA 26. dkfynkl }kjk jfpr nks egkdkO;ksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 27. g"kZ dc vkSj dgka ,d egksRlo djds nku vkfn djrk Fkk \ 28. ukykUnk fo'ofo|ky; dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh Fkh \ 29. xqtj izfrgkjoa'k dh LFkkiuk fdlus vkSj dc dh \ 30. 'kd laor~ dc vkSj fdlus pyk;k \ 31. dfu"d us pkSFkh ckS) laaxhfr dgka vk;ksftr dh \ 32. phuh ;k=h Qkáku us fdl 'kkld ds le; Hkkjr dh ;k=k dh Fkh \ 33. yksg ,oa jDr dh uhfr dks ykxw djus okyk 'kkld dkSu Fkk \ 34. ckcj uked dk Qkjlh vuqokn fdlus fd;k Fkk \ 35. xzSaM Vªad jksM+ fdl 'kkld us cuok;h Fkh \ 36. fo'o izfl) gYnh ?kkVh dk ;q) dc gqvk Fkk vkSj fduds e/; gqvk \ 37. vdcj us dkSuls /keZ dk izorZu fd;k Fkk \ 38. vdkyr[r dk fuekZ.k flD[kksa ds dkSuls xq: us djok;k Fkk \ 39. vejflag dk QkVd dgka ij gS \ 40. iYyodkyhu egkcfyiqje uxj D;ksa izfl) gS \ 41. pkSy dkyhu rUtkSj uxj D;ksa izfl) gS \ 42. jktk i`Foh ij bZ'oj dk izfrfuf/k gS og fdldk jktRo fl)kUr Fkk\ 43. 1210 bZa esa pksZxku ¼iksyks½ [ksyrs gq, ?kksM+s ls fxjdj fdldh eR;q gks xbZ Fkh \ 44. yk[k c['k fdls dgk tkrk gS \ 45. cycu us dkSulh izFkk njckj esa 'kq: dh Fkh \ 46. vykmnhu f[kyth us vius flDdksa ij viuk D;k uke vafdr djok;k \ 47. ikuhir dk izFke ;q) dc vkSj fdl&fdlds chp gqvk \ 48. **eS eqBh Hkj cktjs ds fy, fgUnwLrku dh lYrur [kks nsrk** ;g fdldk dFku Fkk \ 49. orZeku esa vfLrRo j[kus okyh 'ksj'kkag }kjk fufeZr lokZf/kd yEch lM+d dk D;k uke gS \ 50. vdcj }kjk cqyUn njoktk dgk vkSj D;ks cuk;k x;k \ 51. j.kFkEHkkSj ds 'kkld gEehj nso us fdu eaxksy lsukifr;ksa dks vykmnhu f[kyth dks ykSVkus ls bUdkj dj fn;k Fkk \

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52. vykmnhu us j.kFkEHkkSj dh fdu lsukifr;ksa dks ykyp nsdj viuh vkSj feyk fy;k Fkk \ 53. egkjk.kk izrki dk tUe dc vkSj dgk gqvk \ 54. egkjk.kk izrki dk jkT;kfHk"ksd dc vkSj dgka gqvk \ 55. egkjk.kk izRkki ds ?kksM+s psrd dh Nrjh dgak cuh gqbZ gS \ 56. egkjk.kk izrki us fdls viuh jkt/kkuh cuk;k \ 57. gYnh ?kkVh dks esokM+ dh FkeksZiYyh fdlus dgk \ 58. tsEl VksM us f}osj ds ;q) dks D;k laKk nh gS \ 59. izrki dk vxzxkeh fdls dgk tkrk gS \ 60. lokbZ t;flag f}rh; }kjk cukokbZ xbZ ikap oS|'kkykvksa esa lcls cM+h oS|'kkyk dkSulh gS \ 61. t;iqj uxj dks clkus okys dkSu Fks \ 62. f'kokth dk tUe dc vkSj dgka gqvk \ 63. f'kokth dh ekrk dk D;k uke Fkk \ 64. f'kokth dks eqxyksa ls dkSulh laf/k djuh iM+h vkSj dc \ 65. fot;uxj lkezkT; dh LFkkiuk dc o fdlus dh Fkh \ 66. fot;uxj ds fdl LFky dks ;wusLdks }kjk fo'o fojklr laj{k.k ds vUrxZr lfEefyr dj fy;k x;k gS \ 67. fot;uxj jkT; dh fdl 'kkld dks xtcsVdj ¼gkfFk;ksa dk f'kdkjh½ dh mikf/k nh xbZ Fkh \ 68. xq: vtqZu nso dk o/k fdl eqxy lezkV us djok fn;k Fkk \ 69. vkSjaxtsc us xq: rsxcgknqj dk flj D;ksa dVok fn;k \ 70. fdl xq: ds fy, fy[kk x;k gS ** flj fn;k ij lkj ugha fn;k** \ 71. flD[kksa ds nlosa rFkk vafre xq: dkSu Fks \ 72. xq: rsxcgknqj dk Lekjd fdl uke ls dgka fLFkr gS \ 73. [kkylk iaFk dh flD[kksa dks dkSulh ikap phtsa j[kuk vko';d gS \ 74. cUnk cSjkxh dk ewy uke D;k Fkk \ 75. DEMOCRACY 'kCn xzhd Hkk"kk ds fdu 'kCnksa ds l;ksax ls cuk gS vksj bldk izpfyr o Lohdr vFkZ dkSulk gS \ 76. **yksdrU= turk dk] turk ds fy, rFkk turk ds }kjk 'kklu gS** ;g fdlus dgk Fkk \ 77. jktuSfrd yksdrU= dh nks :iksa dk mYys[k dhft, \ 78. jktuSfrd yksdrU= ls D;k vk'k; gS \ 79. Mk;lh us yksdrU= dh D;k ifjHkk"kk nh gS \ 80. uSfrd yksdrU= esa fdu ckrks ij cy fn;k tkrk gS \ 81. jktuSfrd yksdrU= dks ekDlZokfn;ksa us D;k dguk ilUn fd;k gS \ 82. yksdrU= ds mnkjoknh fl)kUr ds leFkZd fdUgh nks fo}okuksa dh uke fyf[k, \ 83. yksdrU= dk dkSulk fl)kUr lekt ds la?kkRed Lo:i esa fo'okl djrk gS \ 84. yksdrU= ds cgqyoknh fl)kUr ds fdUgh nks leFkZdksa ds uke crkb;s \ 85. yksdrU= ds fdl fl)kUr dh lEiw.kZ fopkj/kkjk dk dsUnz vfHktu oxZ gS \ 86. yksdrU= ds fof'k"V oxhZ; fl)kUr ds fdUgh rhu izfrikndksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 87. yksdrU= ds ekDlZoknh fl)kUr dks ekDlZokfn;ksa us D;k dguk ilUn fd;k gS \ 88. izR;{k yksdrU= ls D;k vk'k; gS \ 89. izR;{k yksdrkfU=d 'kklu O;oLFkk dSls jkT;ksa esa gh laHko gS \ 90. vk/kqfud fo'o esa izfrfuf/k iztkrU= ds dkSuls nks :i fn[kkbZ iM+rs gS \ 91. yksdrU= esa fdl dkj.k ls dyk] lkfgR; o laLd`fr dk iru gksrk gS \ 92. yksdrU=h; 'kklu dh dksbZ nks xq.k fyf[k, \ 93. yksdrU=h; 'kklu ds dksbZ nks nks"k fyf[k, \ 94. yksdrU= dh lQyrk dh dksbZ nks vko';d 'krsZ fyf[k, \ 95. ns'k esa izeq[k pkj egkuxjks dks vkil esa tksM+us okys egkjktekxZ dk uke fyf[k, \ 96. jktLFkku ls fdrus jk"Vªh; jktekxZ xqtjrs gS \ 97. Hkkjr dh igyh fo|qr jsy dk uke fyf[k, \ 98. eky xkfM+;ksa ds lapkyu gsrq i`Fkd ls fuekZ.kk/khu jsy ifj;kstuk dk uke fyf[k, \ 99. lcls lLrs ifjogu lk/ku dk uke fyf[k, \ 100. bZ&esy dk iwjk uke fyf[k, \ 101. ohfM;ks dkWfyax gsrq vko';d izeq[k lapkj lsok dk uke fyf[k, \ 102. dksbZ nks vk/kkjHkwr <k¡pkxr lajpuk ds uke crkb;s \ 103. Hkkjr esa dkSulk ifjogu lcls foLrr ,oa egÙoiw.kZ gS \ 104. de ,oa e/;e nwjh r; djus ds fy, dkSulk ifjogu lcls egÙoiw.kZ gS \ 105. lM+d ifjogu ds dksbZ nks egÙo crkb;s \ 106. fdl jk"Vªh; jktekxZ dks 'ksj'kkglwjh ekxZ ds uke ls tkrk tkrk gS vkSj ;g fdu nks 'kgjksa dks tksM+rk gS \ 107. ,sls nks okguksa ds uke crkb;s ftUgs Vksy ls eqDr j[kk x;k gS \ 108. iz/kkueU=h xzke lM+d ;kstuk dh ?kks"k.kk dc dh xbZ \ 109. iz/kkueU=h xzke lM+d ;kstuk dk D;k y{; gS \

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110. O;kikj ,oa yEch nwjh rd gYds o Hkkjh lkeku ds ifjogu gsrq dkSulk ifjgou lk/ku mi;qDr gS \ 111. Hkkjrh; mi egk}hi ds izFke jsyxkM+h dc pykbZ xbZ Fkh \ 112. Hkkjrh; jsy ifjogu dh dksbZ nks leL;k,a crkbZ;s \ 113. Hkkjr esa fdlh ,d Tokjh; cUnjxkg dk uke crkb;s \ 114. ns'k ds ml iru dk uke crkb;s tks ySxwu ds eqgkus ij fLFkr gS \ 115. ns'k ds dksbZ nks izkdfrd iksrkJ;ksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 116. ns'k dk loZJs"B izkd`frd cUnjxkg dkSulk gS \ 117. dksydkrk iru ds c<+rs ncko dks de djus gsrq dkSulk iru fodflr fd;k x;k \ 118. jktLFkku ls mRikn fu;kZr gsrq vki fdl fudVre cUnjxkg dk p;u djsaxs \ 119. bUVjusV ds dksbZ nks ykHk crkb;s \ 120. ns'k esa jk"Vªh; ty&ekxksZ dh la[;k fdruh gS \ 121. jk"Vªh; vk; dh ifjHkk"kk fyf[k, \ 122. ldy ?kjsyw mRikn dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, \ 123. jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk gsrq jk"Vªh; vk; lfefr dk xBu dc o fdldh v/;{krk esa fd;k \ 124. Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk dkSulh lLFkk djrh gS \ 125. vFkZO;oLFkk dks fdrus {ks=ksa esa oxhZdr fd;k x;k gS uke fyf[k, \ 126. izkFkfed {ks= dh fdUgha nks xfrfof/k;ksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 127. f}rh;d {ks= dh fdUgha nks xfrfof/k;ksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 128. rrh;d {ks= dh fdUgha nks xfrfof/k;ksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 129. Iyku bdksukseh vkWQ bf.M;k uked iqLr dh jpuk fdlus dh Fkh \ 130. dkSulh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dks le; ls ,d o"kZ iwoZ gh lekIr dj fn;k Fkk \ 131. uhfr vk;ksx ds orZeku v/;{k dk uke fyf[k, \ 132. O;fDr ;k ifjokj ds dY;k.k dks ns[kus dk lcls mi;ksxh dkjd dkSulk gS \ 133. jk"Vªh; vk; x.kuk dk dksbZ ,d egÙo crkb;s \ 134. Hkkjr esa foÙk o"kZ dh vof/k D;k gS \ 135. mRiknu fdls dgrs gS \ 136. Hkwfe dks mRiknu ds lk/ku ds :i esa D;k iqjLdkj feyrk gS \ 137. iwath dks mRiknu ds lk/ku ds :i esa D;k iqjLdkj feyrk gS \ 138. Je dks mRiknu ds lk/ku ds :i esa D;k iqjLdkj feyrk gS \ 139. mRiknu ds lk/ku ds :i esa m|eh dks D;k iqjLdkj feyrk gS \ 140. jk"Vªh; vk; ds dksbZ nks vo/kkj.kkvksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 141. Hkkjr esa jk"Vªh; vk; dh x.kuk loZizFke fdlus dh \ 142. izfrO;fDr vk; Kkr djus dk lw= crkb;s \ 143. fodkl dh izkjfEHkd voLFkk esa dkSulk {ks= lcls egÙoiw.kZ gksrk gS \ 144. orZeku esa Hkkjr esa ldy ?kjsyw mRiknu esa lcls de ;ksxnku fdl {ks= dk gS \ 145. orZeku esa Hkkjr esa ldy ?kjsyw mRiknu esa lcls vf/kd ;ksxnku fdl {ks= dk gS \ 146. jkstxkj dh nf"V ls Hkkjr dk dkSulk {ks= egÙoiw.kZ gS \ 147. vkfFkZd o`f) dk D;k rkRi;Z gS \ 148. la;qDr jk"Vªh; fodkl dk;ZØe esa fdlds usr`Ro esa ekuo fodkl lwpdkad fodflr fd;k x;k \ 149. ekuo fodkl lwpdkad esa 'kkfey fdUgh nks vk;keksa ds uke fyf[k, \ 150. fu;kstu ds dksbZ nks ?kVd crkb, \ 151. Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd fu;kstu ds dksbZ nks mns''k; crkb;s \ 152. vkfFkZd fu;kstu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft, \ 153. Hkkjr esa igyh iapo"khZ; ;kstuk dh vof/k D;k Fkh \ 154. uhfr vk;ksx dh LFkkiuk dc dh xbZ Fkh \ 155. fdl vk;ksx ds Hkkjr ljdkj ds fFkad VSad dh laKk nh xbZ Fkh \ 156. uhfr vk;ksx ds izFke mik/;{k dkSu Fks \ 157. Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds le{k mRiUu fdUgha nks pqukSfr;kas ds uke fyf[k, \ 158. eqnzk LQhfr dh x.kuk gsrq dkSuls lwpdkad mi;ksx esa yk;s tkrs gS dksbZ nks ds uke fyf[k, \ 159. eqnzk LQhfr dks fu;fU=r djus ds fy, ekSfnzd mik; fdlds }kjk ykxw fd;s tkrs gS \ 160. Hkkjr esa xjhch ds lcls u;s vuqeku fdlds }kjk izLrqr fd;s x;s gS \ 161. fujis{k xjhch dh vo/kkj.kk dks Li"V dhft, \ 162. Hkkjr esa xjhch dks ekius dk izFke iz;kl fdlus rFkk dc fd;k \ 163. fNih gqbZ csjkstxkjh fdls dgrs gS \ 164. d`f"k {ks= esa dkSulh csjkstxkjh vf/kd ik;h tkrh gS \ 165. fodflr vFkZO;oLFkkvksa esa fdl izdkj dh csjkstxkjh vf/kd ik;h tkrh gS \ 166. Hkkjr esa fo'oluh; laedks dk ladyu djus okys laLFkk dkSulh gS \ 167. eqnzk LQhfr fdls dgrs gS \

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168. xjhch ds nq'pØ dh ifjdYiuk fdlus izLrqr dh \ 169. oLrq ;k lsok dh dher fdls dgrs gS \ 170. dher ,oa eqnzk ds ewY; esa dSlk lEcU/k ik;k tkrk gS \ 171. Hkkjr esa eqnzk LQhfr dks ekius gsrq rS;kj dksbZ nks lwpdkadks dk uke fyf[k, \ 172. lwpdkad fdldk eki djrs gS \ 173. eqnzk LQhfr ds dksbZ nks gkfu;kW crkb;s \ 174. eqnzk ds ewY; dk D;k rkRi;Z gS \ 175. ekax izsfjr eqnzk LQhfr fdls dgrs gS \ 176. eqnzk LQhfr ds dksbZ nks dkj.k crkb;s \ 177. xjhch ls vki D;k le>rs gS \ 178. xjhch ds nq"pØ dk fufgrkFkZ D;k gS \ 179. Hkkjr esa xjhch ds dksbZ nks lkekftd dkj.k crkb;s \ 180. Hkkjr esa xjhch fuokj.k gsrq dksbZ nks mik; crkb;s \ 181. csjkstxkjh fdls dgrs gSa \ 182. dk;Z'kfDr fdls dgrs gS \ 183. csjkstxkjh nj ls vki D;k le>rs gS \ 184. rduhdh csjkstxkjh fdls dgrs gS \ 185. fdl izdkj dh csjkstxkjh dks fHkUukRed csjkstxkjh Hkh dgk tkrk gS \ 186. O;kikj pØ fdls dgrs gS \ 187. lkekU; dher Lrj ls D;k rkRi;Z gS \ 188. Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh ds dksbZ nks dkj.k crkb;s \ 189. Hkkjr esa csjkstxkjh nwj djus gsrq dksbZ nks mik; crkb;s \ 190. Hkkjr esa fdl izdkj dh csjkstxkjh vf/kd ik;h tkrh gS \ 191. eqnzkLQhfr ls fdls ykHk gksrk gS \ dksbZ ,d crkb;s A 192. eqnzkLQhfr ds dksbZ nks Lo:iksa ds uke crkb;s \ 193. ekSleh csjkstxkjh D;k gS \ 194. ?k"kZ.kkRed csjkstxkjh fdls dgrs gS A

[k.M&¼c½

1- Hkkjrh; la?k ds fdu jkT;ksa esa nks lnuksa okyk fo|kue.My gS \ fdUgha pkj ds uke fyf[k,A 2- in xzg.k ds iwoZ eq[;ea=h dks jkT;iky ds le{k fdl vk’k; dh 'kiFk ysuh gksrh gSA 3- fdUgha nks ,slh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk mYys[k dhft, ftlls fdlh fo/kkulHkk ds lnL; dh lnL;rk dk vUr gks tkrk gSA 4- fo|kulHkk v/;{k ds pkj dk;Z crkb,A 5- jkT;iky in fd mEehnokj dh dksbZ pkj vko’;d ;ksX;rk,¡ crkb, A 6- jkT;iky dh Lo&foosd dh pkj 'kfDr;k¡ crkb;sA 7- mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;k/kh’k dh fu;qfDr gsrq dksbZ nks ;ksX;rk,¡ crkb,A 8- jkT;ksa dh eaf=ifj"kn esa eaf=;ksa dh fdruh Jsf.k;k¡ gksrh gS \ muds uke fyf[k,A 9- jkT; fo|kulHkk dh nks fofRrh; 'kfDr;ksa dks le>kb, A 10- fo|kulHkk dh lnL;rk ds fy, O;fDr dh D;k ;ksX;rk,¡ gksuh pkfg,A 11- jkT;iky dh fu;fDr ds lEcU/k esa dkSulh nks LoLFk ijEijk,¡ fodflr gqbZ gS \ 12- eaf=;ksa ds p;u esa eq[;ea=h dks O;ogkfjd –f"V ls fdu&fdu ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[kuk iM+rk gS \ 13- ,d jkT; ds eq[;ea=h gksus ds ukrs fo|kulHkk ds usrk ds :i esa vki dkSu&dkSu ls dk;Z djsxsa \ dksbZ nks dk;Z fyf[k,A 14- mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;/kh’kksa dh fu;qfDr fdlds }kjk vkSj fdl izdkj dh tkrh gS \ 15- ,d tkx:d ukxfjd ds :i esa vki mPp U;k;ky; ds fy, dkSu&dkSu lh Lora=rkvksa dh vis{kk djrs gS \ fdUgha nks

dk mYys[k fdft,A 16- ty izcU/ku ls D;k rkRi;Z gSA 17- Hkk[kM+k ukaxy ifj;kstuk fdu jkT;ksa dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk gS \ 18- nkeksnj ?kkVh ifj;kstuk fdu jkT;ksa dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk gS \ 19- pEcy ?kkVh ifj;kstuk fdu jkT;ksa dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk gS \ 20- ekgh ctkt lkxj ifj;kstuk fdu jkT;ksa dh la;qDr ifj;kstuk gS \ 21- ty laj{k.k dh fo|k dk y{; D;k gS \ 22- jkT; esa ty laj{k.k dh pkj fof/k;ksa ds uke fyf[k,A 23- ty izcU/ku ds dksbZ rhu ykHk crkb,A 24- bfUnjk xk¡/kh ugj dh dksbZ pkj fo’ks"krk,¡ crkb,A 25- D;k bfUnjk xk¡/kh ugj ifj;kstuk jktLFkku ds fy ,d ojnku lkfcr gqbZ gS\ 26- tk[ke ifj;kstuk ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A 27- jktLFkku esa ckoM+h dh dksbZ pkj fo’ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,A 28- csjh ;k NksVh D;k gksrh gS A bldk mi;ksx dc fd;k tkrk gSA

40

29- Vkadk D;k gksrk gS \ 30- Hkkjrh; df"k dks _rqvksa ds vk/kkj ij fdrus Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gS \ izR;sd Hkkx ds uke o nks&nks mnkgj.k fyf[k,A 31- O;olkf;d ;k vkS|ksfxd Qly iz/kku df"k D;k gS\ O;olkf;d Qlyksa ds dksbZ pkj mnkgj.k nsaA 32- [kjhQ dh Qly dc cks;h tkrh gSAHkkjr esa cks;h tkus okyh [kjhQ dh pkj Qlyksa ds uke fyf[k,A 33- jch dh Qly dc cks;h tkrh gSAHkkjr esa cks;h tkus okyh jch dh pkj Qlyksa ds uke fyf[k,A 34- tk;n Qlysa dc cks;h tkrh gSaAHkkjr esa cks;h tkus okyh tk;n Qlyksa ds uke fyf[k,A 35- Hkkjr esa fdrus izfr’kr tula[;k d`f"k ij fuHkZj gSA Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa df"k ds dksbZ nks egRo crkb,A 36- fons’kkh O;kikj esa df"k ds ;ksxnku dks Li"V dhft,A 37- Hkkjr esa d`f"k fodkl gsrq dksbZ rhu lq>ko crkb,A 38- Hkkjr esa ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa d`f"k ds ;ksxnku dks Li"V dhft,A 39- xUus dh Qly ds fy, fdrus rkieku ,oa o"kkZ dh vko’;drk gksrh gS\ 40- dikl dh Qly ds fy, fdrus rkieku ,oa o"kkZ dh vko’;drk gksrh gS\ 41- xsg¡w dh Qly ds fy, fdrus rkieku ,oa o"kkZ dh vko’;drk gksrh gS\ 42- Hkkjr esa bs/ku [kfut dkSu&dkSuls gSa \ 43- Hkkjr esa ijek.kq [kfut dkSu&dkSuls gSa \ 44- thok’e [kfut ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ 45- /kkfRod [kfut ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ 46- dkcZu dh izfr’kr ek=k ds vk/kkj ij dks;ys ds pkj izdkjksa ds uke o dkcZu dh izfr’kr ek=k fyf[k, A 47- Hkkjr dh izeq[k [kfut isfV;ksa ds uke fyf[k,A 48- jktLFkku dks [kfutksa dk vtk;c?kj D;ksa dgk tkrk gS\ 49- Hkkjr esa vHkzd ds v;Ld dkSuls ik;s tkrs gSA vkSj vHkzd dk D;k mi;ksx gksrk gSA 50- jktLFkku esa isVªksfy;e inkFkZ ds Hk.Mkj fdu ftyks esa gS\ 51- Hkkjr es lwrh oL= dh jkt/kkuh fdls dgk tkrk gS\ egkjk"Vª esa lwrhoL= m|ksx ds fodflr gksus ds dksbZ nks dkj.k

crkb,A 52- fdlh ns’k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dk ewY;kadu fofuekZ.k m|ksx ds fodkl ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gS A li"V dhft,A 53- lwrh oL= m|ksx dh LFkkiuk gsrq vki Hkkjr ds fdu&fdu jkT;ksa dk p;u djsxsa\ 54- m|ksxksa ds dksbZ nks egRo crkb,A 55- Hkkjr esa izkphu m|ksx ds lk{; ds dksbZ nks mnkgj.k nhft,A 56- D;k vki bl dFku ls lger gS fd ykSg bLikr m|ksx vU; m|ksxksa dh tuuh gSA 57- Hkkjr esa ykSg bLikr m|ksx ds nks egRo crkb,A 58- Hkkjr esa lwrh oL= m|ksx ds dksbZ nks egRo crb,A 59- Hkkjr esa lwrh oL= m|ksx dh dksbZ rhu leL;k,¡ crkb,A 60- Hkkjr esa vks|ksfxd iznw"k.k ds dksbZ nks dkj.k crkb,A 61- Hkkjr esa lwrh oL= m|ksx ds fodsUnzhdj.k ds fy, mRrjnk;h fdUgha pkj dkj.kksa dks Li"kV dhft,A 62- Hkkjr esa vkS|ksfxd iznw"k.k ls gksus okys dksbZ nks izHkko crkb,A 63- tUenj o eR;qnj ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ 64- tula[;k of} fdls dgrs gSa\ blds dksbZ nks dkj.k fyf[k,A 65- ekuo lalk/ku ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ 66- ns’k es c<+rs uxnhdj.k ds dksbZ pkj ykHk crkb,A 67- jktLFkku esa lk{kjrk nj esa o`f} fdu dkj.kksa ls lEHko gqgZ gS\ 68- jktLFkku esa ckfydk f’k{kk dks c<+kok nsus ds fy, pykbZ tk jgh gS dksbZ pkj ;kstuk,¡ fyf[k,A 69- jktLFkku esa tula[;k fu;U=.k gsrq fd, x, rhu ljdkjh mik; crkb,A 70- Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f} nj ds dksbZ pkj dkj.k crkb,A 71- Hkkjr esa tula[;k dh rhoz o`f} ls mRiUu dksbZ pkj leL;k,¡ crkb,A 72- Hkkjr esa c<+rs uxnhdj.k ls mRiUu gksus okyh dksbZ pkj leL;k,¡A 73- tula[;k of} nj dks fu;fU=r djus ds mik; fyf[k,A 74- xzkeh.k ls 'kgjh {ks= dh vksj tula[;k ds izokl ds izeq[k dkj.k fyf[k,A 75- lk{kjrk nj fdls dgrs gSA gekjs ns’k dh lk{kjrk nj fdruh gS \ 76- iz/kkuea=h xzke lM+d ;kstuk D;k gS \ 77- jsy ifjogu dh vis{kk lM+d ifjogu dh c<+rh egÙkk ds dksbZ nks dkj.k fyf[k,A 78- ty ifjogu fdlh Hkh ns’k dks lcls lLrk ;krk;kr iznku djrk gS] D;ksa \ 79- Lof.kZe prqHkZt egkjkt ekxZ ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A 80- Vksy 'kqYd D;k gS \ 81- Hkkjr esa ikbi ykbu ifjogu dh O;k[;k dhft,A 82- b.VjusV ds egRo ds dksbZ pkj fcUnq fyf[k,A 83- jk"Vªh; jktekxZ ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A 84- Hkkoh ukxfjdksa dks ;krk;kr ds fu;eksa rFkk lM+d lqj{kk ds ckjs esa tkudkjh nsuk D;ksa vko’;d gS \ 85- lM+d nq?kZVukvksa ds dksbZ rhu dkj.k fyf[k,A 86- lM+d nq?kZVukvksa dh jksdFkke gsrq pkj mik; lq>kb,A 87- lM+d ij iSny pyrs le; vki fdu&fdu ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[ksaxs \ 88- okgu pykrs le; pkyd }kjk dkSulh lko/kkfu;k¡ cjrh tkuh pkfg, \ dksbZ pkj fyf[k,A

41

89- lkoZtfud ifjogu ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ blds mi;ksx dks izksRlkfgr djus gsrq dksbZ rhu lq>ko nhft,A 90- o;kso`) lnL; ;k fo’ks"k ;ksX;tu ds le{k ifjogu lacaf/k pkj ck/kk,¡ ,oa mudk lek/kku crkb, 91- Bksl dpjk izca/ku dk;ZØe ds dksbZ pkj mn~ns’; crkb,A 92- Bksl dpjk izca/ku ds dksbZ pkj ykHk crkb,A 93- LoPN Hkkjr fe’ku ¼xzkeh.k½ ij laf{kIr fVIi.kh fyf[k,A 94- fueZy Hkkjr vfHk;ku dk mn~ns’; D;k Fkk \ 95- uxjikfydk v/;{k ds :Ik esa vkids }kjk Bksl dpjk fuLrkj.k gsrq viuk;s tkus okys fdUgh pkj mik;ksa dk mYys[k

dhft,A 96- Bksl dpjk izca/ku dk;ZØe ls vki D;k le>rs gSa \ 97- LoPNrk ds fdUgha nks izdkjksa dk mYys[k dhft,A 98- LoPNrk esa lfEefyr dksbZ rhu ckrsa crkb,A 99- nwf"kr ty o dpjk Ik;kZoj.k esa ekuo LokLF; dks dSls nq"izHkkfor djrk gSa \ 100- lkeqnkf;d LoPNrk dk D;k vfHkizk; gS \

[k.M & l

1 v'kksd ds /kEe dh vo/kkj.kk fyf[k, vFkkZr~ /kEe dk lkj fyf[k,A 2 ekS;Zdkyhu dsUnzh; iz'kklu dk ewY;kadu dhft,A 3 v'kksd us /kEe dh fØ;kfUofr ds fy, D;k mik; fd;s \ 4 lkrokgu oa'k dh lkaLd`frd miyfC/k;ksa ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,A 5 pksy ;qx esa dyk dk cgqr fodkl gqvk le>kb;sA 6 xqIrdkyhu lekt esa fL=;ksa dh D;k n'kk Fkh \ le>kb;sA 7 izkphu Hkkjr esa dfu"d dk ;ksxnku crkb;sA 8 jktLFkku ds izeq[k tuin dkSuls gS \ fdUgh nks ds ckjs esa crkb,A 9 fldUnjh xt ds ckjs es crkb;sA 10 Hkkjr ij vjcksa ds vkØe.kksa dk D;k dkj.k Fkk \ 11 vykmn~nhu f[kyth dh cktkj fu;U=.k ;kstuk dk o.kZu dhft,A 12 egkjk.kk izrki }kjk eqxyksa ds izfrjks/k dk la{ksi esa o.kZu dhft,A 13 vxj gEehjnso pkSgku ds LFkku ij vki gksrs] rks vykmn~nhu f[kyth ds ckfx;ksa ds izfr D;k uhfr viukrs vkSj D;ksa \ 14 vdcj ds }kjk egkjk.kk izrki dks v/khurk Lohdkj djokus ds fy, Hksts x, pkj nyksa dk mYys[k dhft,A 15 gYnh?kkVh ds ;q) esa >kyk eUuk ds cfynku dk o.kZu dhft,A 16 xq: ukudnso dh izeq[k f’k{kkvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 17 ^^eSa eqB~Bh Hkj cktjs ds fy, fgUnqLrku dh lYrur [kks nsrkA** 'ksj’kkg us ;g dFku fdl lanHkZ esa dgk Fkk \ 18 gYnh?kkVh ds ;q) ds ifj.kkeksa ds fy, dkSuls vk/kkj foospuh; gSa \ 19 ^^jko pUnzlsu egkjk.kk izrki dk vxzxkeh FkkA** O;k[;k dhft,A 20 lokbZ t;flag f}rh; ds dky esa Kku&foKku rFkk dyk dh mUufr dh O;k[;k dhft,A 21 f’kokth dks iqjUnj dh lfU/k D;ksa Lohdkj djuh iM+h \ bl lfU/k dh izeq[k 'krksZa dk mYys[k dhft,A 22 teZuh ds ,dhdj.k esa fcLekdZ dk ;ksxnku crkb,A 23 ;wjksi esa jk’Vªokn ds fdUgha pkj dkj.kksa dk mYys[k dhft,A 24 vkS|ksfxd ØkkfUr dk izkjEHk loZizFke baXyS.M esa gh D;ksa gqvk \ dksbZ pkj dkj.k fyf[k,A 25 vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr ds ifj.kkeksa dh foospuk dhft,A 26 teZuh ds ,dhdj.k esa dkSulh izeq[k ck/kk,¡ Fkh \ 27 tkyojhu ij fVIi.kh fyf[k,A 28 bVyh ds ,dhdj.k esa eSftuh ds ;ksxnku dk mYys[k dhft,A 29 ^^xsLVkbu le>kSrk vkfLVª;k dh jktuhfrd Hkwy vkSj fcLekdZ dh cM+h dqVuhfrd fot; Fkh** O;k[;k dhft,A 30 usiksfy;u dks bVyh esa jk"Vªokn dk tUenkrk D;ksa dgk tkrk gS \ 31 d`f"k ØkfUr ds dkj.k df’k ds {ks= esa gq, pkj ifjorZuksa ds ckjs esa crkb,A 32 vkS|ksfxd ØkfUr ds fdUgh nks ifj.kkeksa dh foospuk dhft,A 33 yksdrkaf=d 'kklu iz.kkyh ds nks izeq[k Hksn dkSuls gSa \ le>kb,A 34 yksdrkaf=d 'kklu ds pkj xq.kksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A 35 yksdrkaf=d 'kklu ds fdUgha rhu voxq.kksa dh O;k[;k dhft,A ¼nks"k½ 36 vki yksdra= dh lQyrk ds fy, fdu nks ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks vko’;d ekurs gSa \ le>kb;sA 37 Hkkjr esa yksdra= ds lapkyu ds ekxZ dh rhu izeq[k ck/kkvksa dk mYys[k dhft,A 38 ,sls rhu rF;kRed rdZ nhft, tks Hkkjr ds yksdra= ds mTToy Hkfo’; dks izdV djrs gksaA 39 mnkjoknh izfrfuf/k yksdra= dh fdUgha pkj fo’ks’krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 40 yksdra= ds nks’kksa ds vUr ds fy, dksbZ pkj lq>ko nhft,A 41 vkids erkuqlkj lkekftd yksdra= ds fy, dkSulh n’kk,¡ vko’;d gSa \ Li’V dhft,A 42 yksdrkaf=d 'kklu iz.kkyh dh dksbZ pkj fo'ks"krk,¡ fyf[k,A 43 Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh d`f"k ij vR;f/kd fuHkZjrk dks le>kb,A

42

44 oS'ohdj.k ls gksus okys fdUgha pkj ykHkksa dks le>kb,A 45 u;h vkfFkZd uhfr ds vUrxZr viuk;s x;s vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa dk o.kZu dhft,A 46 Lons'kh mRiknksa dks viuk;s tkus ls mRiknu gksus okys ykHkksa dks crkb,A 47 dkS'ky fodkl D;k gS \ dkS”ky fodkl dk D;k egÙo gSA 48 Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa ikbZ tkus okyh dksbZ pkj leL;k,¡ crkb,A 49 ^^Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,d fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk gS** dFku ds i{k esa pkj rdZ nhft,A 50 ^^Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ,d vfodflr vFkZO;oLFkk gS** dFku ds i{k esa pkj rdZ nhft,A 51 mnkjhdj.k ls Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ij iM+us okys dksbZ pkj izHkko crkb;sA 52 ^^oS'ohdj.k ls mRikndksa ds chp c<+h izfrLi/kkZ ls miHkksDrkvksa dks ykHk gqvk gSa** bl dFku ds i{k esa dksbZ pkj rdZ

nhft,A 53 Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd lq/kkj viuk,¡ tkus ds dksbZ pkj dkj.k crkb;sA 54 eqnzk fdls dgrs gSA eqnzk ds fdUgha pkj izeq[k dk;ksZa dk mYys[k dhft,A 55 vkfFkZd fodkl esa okf.kfT;d cSadksa dh Hkwfedk dks Li’V dhft,A 56 cpr [kkrs ,oa pkyw [kkrs esa vUrj crkb,A 57 Lo;a lgk;rk lewgksa ds ykHk crkb;sA 58 i=&eqnzk o /kkrq eqnzk esa dksbZ pkj vUrj crkb;sA 59 vFkZO;oLFkk esa eqnzk dh dksbZ pkj Hkwfedk crkb;sA 60 okf.kfT;d cSadksa ds nks izeq[k dk;ksZa dk mYys[k dhft,A 61 laLFkkxr ,oa xSj&laLFkkxr foÙkh; L=ksrksa esa dksbZ pkj vUrj crkb;sA 62 fpVQ.M dEiuh ls vki D;k le>rs gS \ ;s fdl izdkj dk;Z djrh gSA 63 miHkksDrk vf/kfu;e] 1986 ds vuqlkj miHkksDrk dkSu gS \ 64 vkids vuqlkj miHkksDrk dks gkfu ls cpkus ds fy, fdu dÙkZO;ksa dk ikyu djuk pkfg,A 65 fof/kd tkx:drk fdls dgk tkrk gS \ fof/kd tkx:drk ds pkj mik; crkb,A 66 lwpuk dk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e&2005 }kjk ukxfjdksa dks dkSuls vf/kdkj fn;s x;s gSa \ 67 ,d tkx#d ukxfjdksa ds :Ik esa miHkksDrksa “kks’k.k ds dksbZ pkj dkj.k lq>kb,A 68 lwpuk ds vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e&2005 ds rgr lwpuk fdl izdkj izkIr dh tkrh gS \

Hkkx&n

1- vlg;ksx vkUnksyu ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, \ 2- lfou; voKk vkUnksyu ij ,d fucU/k fyf[k, \ 3- Hkkjr ds LorU=rk la?k"kZ esa Hkkjr NksM+ks vkUnksyu dh Hkwfedk dk o.kZu dhft, \ 4- fuEu ij fVIi.kh fyf[k, %&

1- pEikju fdlku vkUnksyu 2- fcTkkSfy;k fdlku vkUnksyu 3- xksfoUn xq: 4- lkbZeu deh'ku 5- lhdj fdlku vkUnksyu 6- nLrd izFkk 7- lUFkky fonzksg 8- laU;klh fonzksg 9- jksysDV ,DV 10- f[kykQr vkUnksyu 11- O;fDrxr lR;kxzg 12- bf.M;u us'kuy dkaxzsl 13-

5- 1857 ds LorU=rk la?k"kZ dk rkRdkfyd dkj.k D;k Fkk bl la?k"kZ esa >k¡lh dh jkuh y{eh ckbZ dh Hkwfedk dk o.kZu dhft, \

6- jktLFkku esa iztke.Myksa dh LFkkiuk ds D;k mnns'; Fks \ bldh miyfC/k;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, \ 7- Hkkjr ds jk"Vªifr ds mEehnokj esa dkSulh ;ksX;rk,a gksuk vko';d gS \ jk"Vªifr ds fuokZpu dk o.kZu dhft,A 8- jk"Vªifr dh dk;Zikfydk ,oa fo/kk;h 'kfDr;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, \ 9- efU=e.My dk xBu ,oa mldh 'kfDr;ksa dh foospuk dhft, \ 10- yksdlHkk dk laxBu crkrs gq, yksdlHkk ds v/;{k dh 'kfDr;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, \ 11- Hkkjrh; laln ds lnu dkSu&dkSu ls gS \ laln ds dk;Z rFkk 'kfDr;ksa dk foospu dhft, A 12- jk"Vªifr dk fuokZpu fdl izdkj fd;k tkrk gS \ mldh 'kfDr;ksa ,oa dk;ksZ dk o.kZu dhft,A 13- Hkkjr esa foi{k dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, \ 14- Hkkjr ds iz/kkueU=h ds dk;Z ,oa 'kfDr;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, \ 15- mPpre U;k;ky; ds laxBu] {ks=kf/kdkj vkSj 'kfDr;ksa dk o.kZu dhft, \ 16- jkT;fo/kku ifj"kn ds xBu] vf/kdkjksa rFkk 'kfDr;ksa dh foospuk dhft, \ 17- jkT;iky dh fu;qfDr ,oa 'kfDr;ksa dh foospuk dhft, \ 18- jkT; iz'kklu esa eq[;eU=h dh Hkwfedk dh foospuk dhft, \ 19- mPp U;k;ky; ds U;k;k/kh'kksa dh fu;qfDr ,oa ;ksX;rk,¡ dk;Z{ks= o 'kfDr;ksa dh foospuk dhft, \ 20- fo/kkulHkk v/;{k ds dk;Z rFkk vf/kdkjksa dh foospuk dhft, \ 21- fn, x, Hkkjr ds js[kk ekufp= esa fuEufyf[kr dks vafdr dhft, \

nkeksnj ?kkVh ifj;kstuk

ghjkdq.M ifj;kstuk pEcy ?kkVh ifj;kstuk Hkk[kM+k ukaxy

bfUnjk xka/kh ugj ifj;kstuk

43

ekgh ctkt lkxjifj;kstuk chlyiqj ifj;kstuk dksVk ck¡/k iatkc gfj;k.kk mRrjizns'k if'peh caxky

vkU/kzizns'k mM+hlk fcgkj rfeyukM+w dukZVd

jktLFkku

xqtjkr

e/;izns'k egkjk"Vª [ksrM+h fnYyh te'ksniqj cuZiqj fHkykbZ tcyiqj gtkjhckx

cksdkjks lsye

dksydkrk psUusbZ ckM+esj nqxkZijq Hknzkorh ikjk}hi fo'kk[kkiV~Vue

rwrhdksfju

dksfPp

U;w eaxyksj ekekZ xksvk Ugkok xksvk dkaMyk jkmjdsyk gfYn;k eqEcbZ vgenkckn

44

iz'u&cSad d{kk&10 laLd`r

iz’u 1- v/kksfyf[krL; x|ka’kL; lizlax fgUnh Hkk"k;k vuqokna djksrq ¼vad&05½ i. rr% drksrjkt% r.Mqyd.k/kku~ diksrku~ izfr vkg ¼vdFk;~r~½ ^^ dqrks·= futZus ous r.Mqydokuka lEHko% \

rfUu:I;rk rkor~A Hknzfena u iF;kfe loZFkk vfopkfjr deZ u dŸkZO;e~ ** ii. r= dsukfi d`ikyquk vk;ZlektL; vukFkky;s izosf’krks·; chjek jksfVdk;k% v{kjKkuL; p ;qxir~ n’kZue

bnEizFker;k vdjksrA v;eso ,dL; ia’kqpkjdL; egkiq:"kRoa izfr ;k=k;k% izLFkkufcUnqjklhr~A iz’u 2- v/kksfyf[kr i|ka’kL; izlax fgUnh Hkk"k;k vuqokna djksrq ¼vad&05½

i. lEizkI; Hkkjrs tUe lRdeZlq ijkdeq[k%A ii. ih;q"k dy’ka fgRok fo"kek.MeqikfJr%A

iii. ekua euhf"krk eS=h e:n`".ka ejhfpdkA exk% ewfguZ euq";k.kke~ m".kh"ka izeq[kEejkSAA

iz’u 3- v/kksfyf[krL; i|ka’kL; lizlax laLdr O;k[;ka djksrq ¼vad&04½ (i) nq%[klkxjs rj.kh;e~ d"VioZrs pj.kh;eaA foifŸk fofius Hkzke.kha;e~ yksdfgra ee~ dj.kh;eAA (ii) fo|k fooknk; /kua enk; 'kfDr% ijs"kka ifjihMuk;A

(iii) [kyL; lk/kksfoijhr esrr~ Kkuk; nkuk; p j{k.kk;AA

iz’u 4- v/kksfyf[krL; ukV;ka’kL; lizlax laLdr O;k[;ka djksrq & ¼vad&3½

(i) jktk vFk xg~.kkfr] jktk HkorhE;ka dnkfpnL;k izR;{khdok fofØ;k \ mes vusd’k%

(ii) ,d lgpj& gk f/kd~ ! ,rs fHkYyk% lR;e~ ,o onfUr] v;a le;% ns’kk; /kekZ; p u 'kksHkue~ I

ij fda fØ;sr\ ¼vflfu%lk;Z izrkik; nnr½

vkRekp{kq"kk esokM+Hkwes% nqnZ’kka nz"Va 'kD;rsA f}rh; lgpj fEkYyk lR;e~ ,oa lkEizra thoua ujdk;rs

gk ! vLekde vfi thousu dks YkkHk \ ;fn o;a ns’kj{kk;sa u fde~ vfi dŸkZq leFkkZ% rnk ej.ke~ ,oa vLekda Js;aLdje~A

iz’u 5- y?kqmŸkjkRed iz’u & 1- Hkkjrh lUrfr% dq= fuolfUr \ 2- jkek; fda u jksprs \ 3- jk"Vªs dnk 'kkL=ppkZ izorZrs \ 4- nsok dq= xhrdkfu xk;fUr \ 5- vfHkKku’kkdqUryL; jpfrk d% \ 6- 'kdqUryk dL; jkt"kZs% ifRu vklhr \ 7- o.kZ fpf=r% efŸkdke;wj% dL; vklhr \ 8- ^tEHkLo falag ! nLrkaLrs x.kf;";s * ikB dqo% ladfyr%A 9- dLrwjh dLekr~ tk;rs \ 10- t;Ur% dL; lqre~ \ 11- dkrj% ;q)s fda dq;fr \ 12- ds"kka lnk Hk;e~ \ 13- xq.kksŸke% jktk d% vHkwo \ 14- d`"ks% Hk;a fde~ A 15- ^^o{kkxzoklh u p if{kjkt** bfr izgsfydk;k% mŸkja fde~ \ 16- esokM+ jkT;L; dkfLeu~ oa’ks ohjk.kka lqnh/kkZ ijEijk fo/krs \ 17- izrkiL; jkT;kfHks"ksd% dfLeu~ xzkes veor~ \ 18- dsu dj.ksu esokM+jkT;L; fLFkfr% lehphuk v vklhr~ \ 19- dsu lg izrkiL; vussdokja ;q)e~ vHkor~ \ 20- gYnh?kkVh ;q)s izrki% dfLEku~ vk:g~; cgq’kkS;Z iznf’kZroku \ 21- izrki% dnkfi fda u Lohdroku~ \ 22- esokM+ jktL; ohjk.kka ukekfu fy[kr A 23- izrkiL; tUe dnk vHkor~ \

45

24- izrki% dq= LojkTk/kkuhe~ vdjksr \ 25- v/kksfyf[kr inkuka i;kZ; ina ikBkn~ vfUo"; fy[kUrq

I. tu dY;k.ke~ II. ok.;k

III. pyuh;e~ IV. ckU/ok% V. rehl

26- Roj.kh;e rj.kh;e~ p bR;u;ks% g;ks d% vFkZHksn% \ 27- dsu lrra Lej.kh;e~ \ 28- ee fda dj.kh;e~ \ 29- dnk tkxj.kh;e \ 30- vLekfe% dq= pj.kh;e~ \ 31- Lokfeds’kokuUnL; ekrkfi=ks% uke fde~ \ 32- Lokfeds’kokuUnL; tUe dq= vHkor~ \ 33- fo-l- 1956 res vkxr% nqfHkZ{k% dsu ukEuk dqj.;ko% \ 34- fgYnh lsokFkZ Lokfeus ds’kokuUnk; dk mikf/k% iznŸkk \ 35- Lokehds’kokuUn% dfrokja jkT;lHkk;k lnL;% vorZr \ 36- ^HkkjroS"Hkoe*ikBL; ewyr% jpf;rk d% \ 37- Hkkjrclq/kk dS% vfu’ka iwT;k \ 38- osn iqjk.kS% dL;k% fuR;a xkua Hkofr \ 39- ew<S+ dq= jRulaKk fo/kh;rs \ 40- lnSo dFka oUrO;e \ 41- dL; fo/kk fooknk; Hkofo \ 42- o;e~ dL; 'kj.ka xPNke \ 43- okXnsoh dfr jlS% e/kqjk \ 44- ljLorh dka gLrq \ 45- ok;lL; uke fde~ \ 46- dhn`’kS% r`.kS% eŸknfUru% c/;Urs \ 47- fo’kky% 'kkYeyhr:% dq= vklhr~ \ 48- diksojktL; uke fde~ \ 49- ds "kM~ nq%[k Hkkfxu% HkofUr \ 50- dnk foLe; ,oa dk iq:"ky{k.ke~ \ 51- d;ks% };ksesyua /kU;efLr \ 52- izrki% dL; vHkkfo fdefi drqZe vleFkZ% \ 53- o"kkZ jkes Hkjks% 'kksHkk dh n’kh Hkofr \ 54- e:ns’k% dS% fof’k"V% vfLr \ 55- lwjteYyL; tUe dnk vHkor~ \ 56- vkink ds HkofUr \ 57- dfr osnk% lfUr \

iz’u la[;k & 6]7]8 o 9

iz’u 6- js[kkfdar inkfe vk/kR; iz’u fuekZ.ka dq:r ¼vad&04½

1- foiRdkys foLe; ,o dk iq:"ky{k.ke~ 2- rs iq:"kk% /kU;k% lfUr A 3- nsok% xhrdkfu xk;fUrA 4- ,"k Hknze;wj% Hks jksprsA 5- l% rkilha foyksD; glfrA 6- exkr~ flag% iyk;rsA 7- t;Ur% jkØL; lqr%A 8- esokM+ jkT;e~ izrkiL; iq.;Hkwfe% orZrsA 9- izrkiL; jkT;kfHk"ksd% xksxqUnk xzkes vHkor~A 10- vgfuZ’ka jkxj.kh;eA 11- xgukj.;s fLFkrkuka lgk;rk dŸkZO;kA 12- ijksidkjk; lrka foHkwo;%A 13- ds’kokuUn% ^^f’k{kk lUr%** bfr fo:nsu Hkwfir% A 14- Hkkjrolq/kk xkSjoiw.kZ vfLrA 15- Hkkjrns’k% /ku /kkU;S% ifjiw.kZa orZrsA 16- vfgalk ija ri%A 17- [kyL; fo|k fooknk; HkofrA

46

18- Hkkek’kkg% /kujkf’kxzfUFke vknk; vk;kfrA 19- izrkisu lg losZ vuqpjk% fu%ljfUrA 20- ejkS rL; fpaŸk jersA 21- o"kkZxes pk:e:izns’k% 'kksHkrsA 22- mŸkj Hkkjrs ujo/kk% xkso/kk’p fØ;Urs LeA 23- lwjteYy% HkkjrL; uk;ds"kq vU;re% vklhr~A 24- lR;a onA 25- ekr`nsoks HkoA

iz’u 10- v/kksfyf[krs"kq ins"kq lfU/k d`Rok rL;k ukekfi fy[krA ¼i½- fnd~$xt% ¼ii½- ;'k%$nk ¼iii½- fu%$py%

iz'u 11- v/kksfyf[krs’kq ins"kq lfU/k foPNsna d`Rok lU/ks% ukekfi ys[kuh;e& ¼i½- mTtoy% ¼ii½- fnxEcj% ¼iii½-gfjaoUns

iz'u 12- v/kksfyf[kr okD;s"kq js[kkafdr leLr inkuka foxzga vFkok foxzginkuka lekla d`Rok leklL; ukekfi fy[kr& ¼i½- ee iq=L; uke ?ku”;ke% vfLrA ¼ii½- vga ikoZrha p ijes”oje~ p oUnA ¼iii½- bna LFkkue~ futZye~ vfLrA

iz'u 13- fuEufyf[kr;ks% lkekfld in;ks% laLdrs lekl foxzg d`Rok leklL; ukea fy[kr& ¼i½- ns'kHkDr% ¼ii½- f=yksdh

iz'u 14- js[kkafdr in;ks% iz;qDr foHkfDr rr~ dkj.ka p fy[kr& ¼i½- ckydk; eksnda jksprs ¼ii½- xzkea ifjr% {ks=kf.k lfUrA

iz'u 15- js[kkafdr in;ks% iz;qDr foHkfDr% rr~ dkj.ka p fy[kr & ¼i½- Nk=k% fo|ky;a izfr xPNfUr ¼ii½- firk iq=k; Øq/;fr A

iz'u 16- dks’Bds’kq iznŸkS% “kCnS% izd`fr izR;;kuqlkja fjDr LFkkukfu iwj;r & (i) -yksd fgra ee~ ------------------------------------ A d`$vuh;j~ (ii) - yksds------------------------------------------------------- nqyZHke A uj$Ro (iii) rL; ekrk -------------------------------------- vfLr ¼prqj$VkWi½ (iv) --------------------------- /kkod% ekxsZ virr~A ¼/kko$”kr`½ (v) bna e/kqja nqX/k --------------------------------------- ¼ikS $ vuh;j½ (vi) euq";% ------------------------------------ izk.kh vfLrA ¼lekt $Bd~½ (vii) nq"Vk% tuka ------------------------------------- ¼gu~ $Ro½ (viii) uojl e/kqjk -------------------------------------- eq[kjk ¼dfo$ry~½ (ix) lnk---------------------------------------- Hkoka ¼lq[k $ bu ½ (x) --------------------------------------- uj% loZ= ekua yersA ¼cqf)$erqi~½

iz”u 17- e¥~t’kk;ka iznŸkS% vO;; inS% fjDr LFkkukfu iwjf;Rok dq=] cfg% oFkk] ,o] ;Fkk&rFkk] ,o (i). ------xq: ---------------------------------- f’k"; (ii)- lnk lR;e ----------------------------------------- fot;frA (iii). xzkekr~ ------------unh izogfrA (iv). deZ.kk ---------------------------------- uj% iwT;frA (v). Hkofr----------------------------------- iBfrA (vi). o;a -------------------------------------------- le;a u ;ki;seA

iz’u 18]19 o 20 v/kksfyf[kr okD;kuka okP; ifjorZua dq:r (i) jek fp= i’;frA (ii) o;a fo|ky;a xPNke%A (iii) ckydk% ØhM+kfUr (iv) os glfUrA (v) f’k’kq% LofifrA

iz’u 20- ?kkfVdk fp= lgkr;k vadkuka LFkkus laLdr 'kCns"kq le;ys[kua dj.kh;e~& 1- 2- 3-

47

I. vLekda fo|ky;s ------------------------------------------------------------------ e/;kUrja HkofrA

II. vga izkr% -----------------------------------------------------------------------------mfŸk"BkfeA III. vfouk’k% ------------------------------------------------- vYikgkja djksfrA

iz’u 21- v/kksfyf[kra okD;M~d;a 'kq)a dRok fy[kr& I. firk lg iq= xPNfrA

II. l% ckfydk ee l[kh vfLrA III. v;a yRkk dkseykA IV. l% lq[ka yHkfrA V. Hkoku~ dq= xPNfl\

iz’u 22- izkFkZuk i= esda fy[kr I. Loa fnus’kpUnza eRok jktdh; mPp ek/;fed fo|kyL; HkjriqjL; iz/kkukpk;Z; LFkkukUrj.k izek.k i=

izkIR;FkZ laLdrs izkFkZuk i= esda fy[krA II. Loa ;ksxs’kdqekj% eRok jk-m-ek- fo|ky;L; vt;es: uxjL; iz/kkukpk;Z; pfj= izek.k i= izkIR;FkZ laLdrs

izkFkZuk i= esda fy[krA III. Loa euqflag eRok jk-m-ek-fo- t;iqjL; iz/kkuk/;kidk;k; fn };L; vodk’kk; laLdrs

izkFkZuk i= esda fy[krA iz’u 23- e¥~tw"kkr% mfprkfu inkfu fpRoka firk&iq=;kss lEHkk"k.ka fy[krA ¼vad&5½ vki.ke~] 'kh?kze~ iqLrde~ Qykfu] djksf"k] 'kre~ L;wre~] vkxPNkfe

firk&iq=\A fda ------------------------------------------------------------- Roe~ \ iq=% -------------------------------------------iBkfe fir%A firk iq= ------------------------------------------ fyf[kRok xPNkfe A firk& vki.kr% ------------------------------------------------------------- vku;A iq=% &-------------------------------------------------------------- :I;dkf.k ;PNrqA firk --------------------------------------------------------------------- uhRok vki.ka xPNA iq=% & vga xRok 'kh?kze~------------------------------------------------------------A

iz’u 24- v/kksfyf[kr okD;kuka laLdrsu vuqokna dq:r 1- 'khyk eksgu ds lkFk fo|ky; tkrh gSA 2- xq: f’k"; ij Øks/k djrk gSA 3- eksgu jke ls lqUnj gSA 4- og ges’kk lR; cksyrk gSA 5- esjs firk d`"kd gSA 6- og ekrk ds lkFk tkrh gSA 7- og fp= ns[krk gSA 8- jke isj ls yxaM+k gSA 9- og esjk HkkbZ gSA 10- xaxk fgeky; ls fudyrh gSA 11- jes’k vkSj lqjs’k [ksy jgs FksA 12- ckfydk ikuh ykrh FkhA 13- jktk oL= nsrk Fkk A 14- rqe D;ksa gal jgs FksA 15- rqeus D;k [kk;k \

iz’u 25- v/kksfyf[kr okD;kfu Øe jfgrkfu lfUr A ;Fkk Øe la;kstua d`Rok fy[kr A ¼1½ 1- ew’kd% ifjJes.k tkye~ vd`UrrA 2- ,dnk l% tkys c)%A 3- flag tkykr eqDr% HkwRok ew’kda iz”kalu~ xroku~ A 4- ,dfLeu~ cus ,d% flag olfr LeA 5- l% lEiw.kZ iz;kle~ vdjksr~ ija cU/kukr~ u eqDr%A 6- rnk rL; Loja JqRok ,d% ew’kd% r= vkxPNr~A

¼2½

1- lf'kyk[k.Mkfu vknk; ?kVs “kuS% “kuS% fuf{kifrA 2- fiikl;k O;dqy% l% tye~A 3- ,d% p¥~py% dkd% vklhr~A 4- tye~ mifj vkxPNfr l% tya ihRok xPNfrA 5- l% ,da ?kVa i”;fr fdUrq ?kVs vYity vklhr~A 6- ,dnk xzh’es l% lqnwja fuxZr% A

iz’u 26- iz’ui=efrfjP; LoikB~;iqLrdkr~ }ks 'yksdks ¼vad&03½

48

¼1½ ;Fkk [kuu [kfu=s.k ujks ok;sZf/k xPNfrA rFkk xq:xrka fo|k 'kqJw"kqjf/k xPNfr AA ¼2½ fiz; okD; iznkusu losZ rq";fUr tUro% A rLekŸknso oDrO;a opus dk nfjnzrk AA ¼3½ /ku&/kkU; iz;ksxs"kq fo|k;k% laxzgs"kq p A vkgkjs O;ogkjs p O;DryTt% lq[kh Hkosr~AA ¼4½ ijks{ks dk;Z gUrkja izR;{ks fiz;okfnueA otZ;sUrkn`’ka fe=a fo"kdqEHk i;kseq[ke~AA

iz’u 27- &1- v/kksfyf[kra x|ka’k ifBRok ,rnk/kkfjr iz’ukuke mŸkjkf.k ;Fkk funsZ’k fy[kr%A ekr Hkwfea izfr izsE.k% R;kxL; vkReksRlxZL; loZLokiZ.kL; p uSds leqTToyk% i`"Bk jktLFkkuL; bfrgkl feyfUr ijUrq jkrh?kkVh ukedL; ;q)L; yYys[k% jktLFkkuL; bfrgkls yqIrizk;% orZrs A ckn’kkg ckcj bR;L; iq=% ¼gqek;q¡% bR;L; vuqt%½ dkejku% chdusjL; jktk jko tSrlh p bR;u;ks% };ks%% e/;s chdkusjs ?kfVRk egR;q)a Hkkjrh; 'kkS;ZL; xkSjo’kkfyuh dFkk vfLrA vLr ;q)L; frfFk% 26 vksDVkscj 1534 ,-Mh- bR;fLr A Hkkjr tsrqe~ ykgksjkr~ vkxr% dkejku% iykf;r% A rL; f’jL=k.ka ¼eqdqVe~½ e/;sekXkZa NksVfM;k xzkes ifrre~ A v|kfi rUeqdqVe~ rn~xzkes lqjf{kre~ vfLr A vL; jkRkh?kkVh ;q)L; fdf¥~pn~ foLrra o.kZua ^chBw lwtk* bR;usu jfprs ^NUn jko tSrlh jks * bR;fLeu~ xzUFks orZrsA vL; p xzUFkL; m)kja MkW- ,y- izh- VSLlhVksjh vdjksr~A

[fgUnh vuqokn & ekr`Hkwfe ds izfr izse R;kx cfynku vkSj loZLo U;kSNkoj ds vusd mTToy i"B ¼ys[k½ jktLFkku ds bfrgkl esa feyrs gSa] ijUrq ^jkrh?kkVh* uked ;q) dk mYys[k jktLFkku ds bfrgkl esa yqIr izk;% gSA ckn’kkg ckcj dk iq= ¼gqek;¡w dk NksVk HkkbZ½ dkejku vkSj chdkusj ds jktk jko tSrlh & bu nksuksa ds e/; chdkusj esa gq, egk;q) dh Hkkjrh; 'kkS;Z dh xkSjo’kkyh dFkk gSA bl ;q) dh frfFk 26 vDVqcj]1534 bZ- gSA Hkkjr dks thrus ds fy, ykgkSj ls vk;k gqvk dkejku Hkkx x;k A mldk eqdqV jkLrs ds chp NksVfM;k xk¡o esa fxj x;k FkkA vkt Hkh og eqdqV ml xk¡o esa lqjf{kr gSA bl jkrh?kkVh ds ;q) dk dqN foLrr o.kZu ^*chBw lwtk** ds }kjk jfpr ^NUn* jko tSrlh jks uked xzUFk esa gSA vkSj bl xzUFk dk m)kj MkW- ,y-ih- VSLlhVksjh us fd;k Fkk ]

iz’u & 1- vL; vuqPNsnL; lehphua 'kh"kZda fy[kUrqA 2- jkrh?kkVh&;q)a d;ks% };ks% e/;s·Hkor~ \ 3- jkrh?kkVh& ;q)a dq= dnk p ?kfVre~ \ 4- ^NUn* jko tSrlh jks* bR;L; ys[kd% d% \ 5- xkSjo’kkfyuh dFkk bR;= fda fo’ks";ina fda fo’ks"k.kine~ bfr f[;rke~A 6- ^/kkfor%* bR;L; i;kZ;okfpua ine~ vuqPNsnkr~ fy[;rke~A

iz’u 27- & v/kksfyf[kra x|ka’k ifBRok ,rnk/kkfjr iz’ukuke~ mŸkjkf.k ;Fkk funsZ’k fy[kr% A vfLr dsjys"kq dkyMhukedks xzke% A l p iw.kkZ& ¼isfj;kj~½ unhrhjs orZrsA txn~xq:% Jh’kadjkpk;Z% rfLeu~ xzkes tUe vyHkr~A vL; firk f’koxq#% ekrk vk;kZEck pkLrke~A 'kadjL; tUeu~ izkxso firk fnoaxr%A ekrSo iq=L; ikyue~ vdjksr~A ;Fkkdkye~ miuhr% l% xq#eqikxPNr~A tUeuSo izfrHkklEiUUkr;k vlkS dqyksfprk% fo|k% “kh?kzeso v/khroku~A ekrk ra x`gLFka drZqeSPNr~A ijUrq eulk opuk deZ.kk p fojDr% 'kadj% izkFkZ;r~& ^ekr% ! laU;kl% eáa jksprs] rnFkZe~ vuqefra iz;PN* bfrA ekrk iq=L; izkFkZuka u Lohdrorh A ,dnk Lukrqa unha xr% 'kadj% uØs.k x`ghr% mPpS% vkØks’kr~A vkØks’ka JqRok unhrhja xrk ekrk iq=a uØs.k x`ghre~ vi’;r~ 'kadj% ekrjeonr~&vEc ! ;fn laU;kla LohdrZqe~ vuqeaL;ls rfgZ vga uØkr~ eqDr% 'kadj% ekrq% pj.k;ks% iz.kkee~ vdjksr~ ekrk p re~ vuqx`ghrorh A ekr%! ro Lej.k{k.ks ,o ro lehi vkxfe";kfe^ bfr izfrKk; l% x`gkr~ fujxPNr~A ns’kkÌs’ka i;ZVu~l ueZnkrVa izkIroku~A r= l% xksfoUn& iknkpk;sZH; osnkUr fo|ke~ v/khroku~A vUkUrja l% eq[;kuke~ mifu"knka] O;kl& iz.khrkuka czãlw=k.kka] Jhe˜xonzhrk;k% p Hkk";kf.k jfproku~A ,rsu laLdrL; egku~ midkj% vtk;rA rr% l% vklsrqfgekpya LoL; fl)kUrL; izpkje~ vdjksr~ ekr q% vUrdkys p r;k Ler% 'kadj RkRlehie~ vkxPNr~A A v}Sr& fl)kUrL; izpkjk; ifjj{k.kk; p Jh’kadj% }kjdk;ke~ cn;kZe~ txUukFkiq;kZa Jaxs;kZa p prqj% eBku~ leLFkki;r~ A rs"kke~ vf/k"Bkrkj% v|kfi ‘’kadjkpk;kZa% ^ bfr dF;UrsA Jh’kadjkpk;SZ% fojfprkfu cgwfu Lrks=dkO;kfu vfi lfUr rs"kq p ^HktxksfoUne~* bfr Hktue~ vrho yksdfiz;e~ vfLrA 1- izLrqrL; vuqPNsnL; ;ksX;a 'kh"kZda fy[kUrq A 2- 'kadjkpk;ZL; tUe dq= vHkor~ \ 3- x`gkr~ fuxZeu dkys 'kadj% ekrq% iqjr% fda izfrKkroku~ \ 4- 'kadj% prqj% eBku~ dq= vLFkki;r~ \ 5- ,rsu laLdrL; egku~ midkj% vtk;r&bfr okD;s fda drZina fda p fØ;kine~ \ 6- drZfØ;kfUofr v= dj.kh;k &

drZinkfu fØ;kinkfu

1- ekrk vkxfe";kfe 2- firk dF;Urs 3- vge~ vkLrke~ 4- 'kadjkpk;kZ% Lohdrorh

49

iz’u 28 &01] v/k% fp=a n`"V~ok e¥~tw"kk;ka iznŸk 'kCnkuka lgk;r;k Lod{kkfo"k;s v"VokD;kfu laLdrHkk"kk;ke~ fy[kr&

e¥~tw"kk ';keiVs vklfUndklq] fHkŸkkS] f’k{kd] okrkoj.ka] n`’;rs] Nk=k%] iqLrde~

50

iz’u 28 &02] v/k% fp=a n`"V~ok e¥~tw"kk;ka iznŸk 'kCnkuka lgk;r;k cq)s% pkrq;Ze~ bfr fo"k;ksifj laLdrs v"VokD;kfu fy[kr &

dkd%] ?kVe~] izLrj[k.Me~] vYIke~] r`f"kr%] m|kue~] lw;Zrki%] vxPNr~A

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