New opportunity for the control of Newcastle Disease in Latin America

Luiz Sesti, DVM, MSc, PhD

International Technical Services – Latin AmericaCeva Animal Health

Campinas, SP, Brazil - 15-16 April 2014

Poultry Industry Evolution

www.poultry.allotment.org.ukwww.engormix.com

± 60 years

Mexico

Guatemala

Belize

El Salvador

Honduras

Dominican Republic

Venezuela

Colombia

Ecuador

Peru

Bolivia

WOAH, 2013

Countries with endemic velogenic Newcastle Disease (ND)in Latin America

Still, the most important poultry disease in the industrial poultry production worldwide !!!

Newcastle Disease

Vectormune ND

Efficacy of several vaccination programs against Newcastle Disease

Protection against challenge by Newcastle(velogenic strain genotype VII ICPI 1.93 from Thailan, 2012 – Ceva Animal Health

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

14 days 21 days 28 days

No vaccineConventional liveVTM NDVTM ND + conventional liveConventional live + inactivated

Age at challenge

% de protection

76

98 100 100 100 100 100 100

18

0 0 0 0 0 0 00

102030405060708090

100

3 4 6 10 15 33 55 73Age at challenge (weeks)(Thai strain – genotype VII – ICPI 1.93)

% protection

Duration of Protection (Palya et al, 2012)

No mortalityNo clinical signs

Differences

Characteristics Vectormune ND Conventional

Interference of MAb NO YESSafety: post vaccination reactions (1 extra day)

NO YESStrong humoral and cell immunity YES NOSignificative reduction on viral excretion = “field cooling effect”

YES NO

100% lifelong protection YES NO

Results from large field trials in different epidemiological situations.(Sesti et al., 2013)

WOAH, 2013

Distinct ND epidemiological realities

MEXICOHigh field challenge from very virulent field strains (ICPI 1.89 – 1.93).

PERU

BRAZIL

Medium to low field challenge from a very virulent field strain (ICPI 1.88).

No field challenge from velogenic strains, medium to low challenge from lentogenic vaccine strains in some regions.

Broiler ND vaccination

MEXICOHigh field challenge by very virulent field strains (ICPI 1.89 – 1.93).

PERU

BRAZIL

Medium to low field challenge by a very virulent field strain (ICPI 1.88).

No field challenge from velogenic strains, medium to low challenge by lentogenic vaccine strains.

• 100%• Very heavy protocols• Protect against high mortality• No concern for post vaccination

reactions

• 100%• Heavy to medium protocols• Protect against high mortality• Some concern for post

vaccination reactions

• Only 25% of all broilers• Very light vaccination protocols• Protect against eventual

challenge from backyard chickens• High concern for post vaccination

reactions

MEXICO

Vaccination ProtocolsMÉXICO

Vector vaccine Control groupsChallenge

in the company

1 • VTM ND + live day 1• Live 15 days

• Killed + live day 1• Live 15 days

High

2 • VTM ND + live day 1• live 12/23- 28 days

• Killed + live day 1• Killed 12 days• Live 12/23 days

Very high

8 broiler field trials% Livability after controlled lab challenge

in broilers taken from the farms

0

20

40

60

80

100

VTM ND Control Non vaccinated SPF birds

average

100 %average

93.75 %

0 %

MEXICO

Vaccination Programs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Trial no. Trial no.

TRIAL VACCINE % REDUCTION

AVTM ND - 97.50%

Conventional

BVTM ND - 95.50%

Conventional

CVTM ND - 58.50%

Conventional

DVTM ND - 100%

Conventional

EVTM ND - 94.90%

Conventional

FVTM ND - 67.40%

Conventional

Reduction of ND challenge virus excretion in broilers vaccinated with VTM ND in comparison with

broilers vaccinated with conventional ND vaccines in Mexico.

ND challenge Chimalhuacán strain

Genotype 5, ICPI = 1.89Dose = 6 log10 EID50

eye drop

Measured by quantitative RT-PCR in

tracheal and cloacalswabs

MEXICO

TRIALS IN MEXICOFINAL COMMENTS

MEXICO

• Programs with VTM ND protected equal or better than the most heavy vaccination program with conventional vaccines.

• The vector vaccine VTM ND eliminated the need for a killed vaccine and so, provided an important opportunity for a better performance (less metabolic cost).

• The vector vaccine proved itself an unique tool to induce a strong decrease in environmental infectious pressure by NDV due to a significantly reduction in virus excretion in birds vaccinated and challenged.

Vaccination protocols

Vectormune ND Control

• VTM ND + Live day 1 (spray)• Live day 1 (spray)• Live day 10 (DW)• Live day 20 (DW)

PERU

• VTM ND = 995,250 broilers

• Control = 950,275 broilers

100% contemporary groups

Broiler performance

41.3 a 41.2 a38

40

42

Control VTM ND

Age (days)

7.1 a

3.7 b1.53

4.56

7.5

Control VTM ND

Mortality (%)

2.28 a2.49 b

1.5

2

2.5

Control VTM ND

Final weight (kg)

291 a

345 b

260

310

Control VTM ND

Production efficiency Index

1.76 a1.68 b

1.5

1.7

Control VTM ND

Feed conversion (g/g)

PERU

US$ 217

VTM ND

Receita extra gerada pelos frangosvacinados com a VTM ND

(US$ / 1000 frangos)

Cost:Benefit analysis between groups

Day old chick cost Feed cost Vaccination cost Medication cost Livability Slaughter age Feed Conversion (FC) Sales price (slaughter broiler) FC adjustment Weight adjustment

PERU

US$ 217 dollarsEXTRA income per 1000 broilers vaccinated with VTM ND

total of US$ 216,000 in this trial

Serology in VTM ND flocks

Newcastle Elisa(idexx)

2802

168 115

474696

1149

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

7 14 21 28 35 42

cutoff

PERU

TRIAL IN PERUFINAL COMMENTS

• VTM ND protected equally as the ND conventional vaccination program used (no ND breaks in both groups).

• VTM ND vaccinated broilers presented a significantly better clinical and growth performance.

• VTM ND vaccinated broilers generated a quite important extra income when compared to the final income generated by the control group.

PERU

BRAZIL

Broiler ND vaccination in Brazil

Only 25% ND vaccinated (mainly north/northeast and some in southeast and south)

Recent comprehensive surveys (serology, virology, molecular detection) found no velogenic NDV in industrial and backyard poultry (Orsi et al. 2010; Thomazelli et al. 2012)

Clinical signs and their consequences in the poultry industry are 100% related to lentogenic vaccine virus circulation (“rolling”reactions)

10 million broilers vaccinated with VTM ND and compared with contemporaneous groups vaccinated with conventional programs

Northeast

Southeast

South

BRAZIL

Newcastle Vaccination program

Company A Hatchery Field

Control apath. Phy.LMV.42 (spray) La Sota (DW) 18 days

rHVT - NDV rHVT – NDV (SQ)

Company B Hatchery Field

Control apath. Phy.LMV.42 (spray)

rHVT – NDV rHVT – NDV (SQ)

Company C Hatchery Field

Control C2 (spray)

rHVT - NDV rHVT – NDV (SQ)

Companies A, B, C(5 million broilers vaccinated with VTM ND)

BRAZIL

BroilerPerformance

BRAZILGroupsSlaughter weight

(g)Mortality (%)

FE(g/g)

Production Index

Company A (mixed sex; slaughter age = 53.3 days)

VTM ND 3010 a 5 a 2.16 a 255 a

Vitapest + La Sota 3050 a 6 a 2.26 b 237 b

Company B (mixed sex; slaughter age = 50.5 days)

VTM ND 3100 a 6.3 a 2.02 a 285 a

Vitapest 3100 a 7.8 a 2.05 a 276 a

Company C (females; slaughter age = 36.7 days)

VTM ND 1830 a 3.5 a 1.80 a 272 a

C2 1840 a 3.9 a 1.83 a 264 a

Company C (males; slaughter age = 50.7 days)

VTM ND 3190 a 6.4 a 2.03 a 294 a

C2 3180 a 7.2 a 2.04 a 286 a

Cost:Benefit Analysis between groups

Day old chick cost Feed cost Vaccination cost Medication cost Livability Slaughter age Feed Conversion (FC) Sales price (slaughter broiler) FC adjustment Weight adjustment

BRAZIL

85

50

32

[VALOR]0

102030405060708090

Company A Company B Company C females

Company C males

US$

VTM ND vaccinated broilers

Extra incomeper 1000 broilers (US$)

BRAZIL

Trachea histopathology lesion scores per age

Treaments

VTMND

ControlVTMND

ControlVTMND

Control

14 days of age 21 days of age 28 days of age

Company 1 0.38 a 0.43 a 0.53 a 0.60 b 0.69 a 0.79 b

Company 3 0.45 a 0.52 b 0.66 a 0.86 b 0.69 a 0.99 b

Company 4 0.20 a 0.33 b 0.35 a 0.45 b 0.56 a 0.60 a

BRAZIL

MOST FREQUENT LESIONS

1. Congestion

2. Deciliation

3. Mononuclear Inflammatory infiltrate

4. Epithelial hyperplasia

Serology Elisa (Idexx) for Newcastle

(Companies A, B and C)BRAZIL

2888

6813

6347

3186

7073

4075

236 332 426158

339198

55 75 137 72 129 105340 350

579

236 160 87

693971

807553 484

176

10371359

11271080 960

112

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000V

1V

1V

1 C1 C1 C1 V14

V14

V14 C1

4C1

4C1

4V

21V

21V

21 C21

C21

C21

V35

V35

V35 C3

5C3

5C3

5V

42V

42V

42 C42

C42

C42

V49

V49

V49 C4

9C4

9C4

9

Dia 1 Dia 14 Dia 21 Dia 35 Dia 42 Dia 49

Elisa Newcastle > 400 = pos

Control A. Vitapest + La SotaB. VitapestC. C2

VTM - ND

• Production performance of VTM ND vaccinated broilers was either statistically better or presented a strong trend of improvement in all trials.

• Better clinical performance for VTM ND vaccinated broilers was consistently reported by caretakers in all companies.

• Financial results were always better to VTM ND vaccinated broiler flocks.

• Elisa seroconversion was evident, of low magnitude and very uniform from 5 weeks of age.

• The safety of VTM ND has been clearly demonstrated in comparison with conventional live ND vaccines by tracheas' histopathology lesion score analysis (no "rolling" post vaccination reactions).

• VTM ND has been proved to be the safest immunological tool for ND prevention in countries with no velogenic NDV.

TRIALS IN BRAZILFINAL COMMENTS

BRAZIL

After being tested in three totally different Newcastle Disease epidemiological situations the vector HVT–NDV vaccine VectormuneND has been clearly shown to be: significantly effective for the clinical protection against Newcastle Disease

and certainly the safest immunological tool to for prevention of Newcastle

Disease Unique tool for an effective decrease in the field infectious pressure

through a significant lower viral excretion in vaccinated birds (unique effect)

With such a tool, many countries around the world will have a quite better opportunity to work on ND eradication programs

(e.g., backyard birds one dose = protection for life)

FINAL COMMENTS

CEVA MEXICOMario LechugaFrancisco MartínezMaurício GonzalezDavid DueñasJesus Reyes

CEVA PERUJorge CorteganaYesenia VegaRocio OroscoRicardo RosembergRoberto ValdiviaJuan Carlos Romero

CEVA BRAZILRicardo PereiraCarlos KneippRodrigo ParanhosAlberto Inoue