nhung cau hoi thuong gap trong chan nuoi

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HI:Cy phong lan (ging ng lan v Ct lan) ca gia nh ti gn y thng b mt cn bnh nh sau: Trn l (ch yu l u l) t nhin xut hin nhng chm nh mu nu nht hi vng, sau pht trin rng ra thnh nhng m hnh trn mu nu sm. Nu nng c th lm cho l b kh mt phn hoc c l, trn ch b bnh xut hin nhng vn vng ng tm v nhng chm en. Xin cho bit l cn bnh g? Cch phng tr cn bnh ny?

(Nguyn Vn Sng, Bn Lc, Long An)

P:Qua m t ca bn kt hp vi nhng g hiu bit c v su bnh hi trn cy phong lan, chng ti an rng cy phong lan ca nh bn b bnh Thn th (c ngi cn gi l bnh m than) gy hi. Bnh ny do nm Colletotrichum sp. gy ra. Ngoi cy phong lan bnh cn gy hi cho kh nhiu lai cy trng khc.

Trn l ca cy phong lan, ban u vt bnh ch l nhng chm nh mu nu vng, sau vt bnh c tip tc pht trin rng dn ra thnh nhng m trn c mu nu m. Bnh c th tn cng mi v tr trn l ca cy. Nu tn cng chp l s lm cho l b kh t trn xung, c khi xung ti 2/3 chiu di l. Nu bnh tn cng gc l vt bnh s lan dn ra xung quanh, nu nng c th lm cho l b rng. Sau mt thi gian gia vt bnh chuyn dn sang mu xm v xut hin nhng vn vng ng tm rng khang 1 ly (nh bn thy), sau xut hin cc chm ni ln mu nu en, l a bo t. Nu b nng c th lm cho nhiu l b cht, thm ch cht c cy.

Ngun bnh tn ti trong tn d ca cy b bnh, trong t, trong nguyn liu trng phong lan. Bo t phn sinh lan truyn ch yu nh nc, nh gi, ny mm xm nhp vo trong l phong lan qua vt thng c gii hoc trc tip qua biu b.

Bnh thng pht sinh v gy hi t thng 3 n thng 10, nhng tp trung nhiu nht l vo khang thng 4 n thng 6. Trong iu kin tri nng, c ma nng tht thng, thng thang ca gin lan km, ti nc qa nhiu to cho chu lan lun m t...thng lm cho bnh gy hi nhiu hn.

hn ch tc hi ca bnh bn c th tin hnh mt s bin php sau:

-Kim tra chu lan thng xuyn pht hin sm v c bin php phng tr kp thi. Nn mnh dn ct b nhng l b bnh hi nng a ra khi vn tiu hy gim bt ngun bnh trong khu vc gin lan, trnh bnh ly lan sang nhng chu lan, cy lan khc. -Trc khi trng nu c iu kin bn nn x l chu lan v cht trng lan (than ci, dn, v da...) bng dung dch Formol 40% pha nng 5% phun xt ln chu v cht trng ri ph kn bng bt nilon khang 2-3 ngy, sau m bt ra khong 1-2 ngy sau th c th trng lan vo. -Khng nn ti nc qu nhiu, nht l vo bui chiu ti. Nu bnh thng gy hi nng th trong ma ma nn c mi che bng nilon trng va hn ch nc ma mt cch ch ng, m vn m bo c nh sng cho cy.

-Khng nn che kn bt bng gin lan, nn to cho gin lan nhn c y nh nng mt tri theo yu cu ca tng lai lan, to cho gin lan thng thang gi. -Nu thy cy lan chm c bnh th hn ch ti nc v dng mt trong vi lai thuc nh: Candazole 50WP; Bavistin 50SC; Topsin M 70WP; Vithi-M 70BTN... xt nh k khong 7-10 ngy mt ln. V liu lng v cch s dng bn c th c hng dn c in sn trn nhn thuc.

HI:Bin php bo qun la ging?


P:La ging thu hoch v HT qua v X s dng phi qua thi gian tn tr kh di (3-4 thng), trong iu kin ma l, m cao d mt sc ny mm nht l nhng ht ging c kch c ln. Di y l mt s bin php c th gip b con nng dn tham kho. 1. Thu hoch:

- La ging trc khi thu hoch c kh ln t tiu chun qui nh sau tin hnh thu hoch. Nu rung k bn khc ging, tt nht nn b li 1-2m cnh bn rung khc ging lm la n. V v HT thng ma v m khng kh cao, ct xong nn t chc sut la, ra ht trong ngy. Nu khng sut c trong ngy, phi b la li v dng ni kh mt, khng b ma v khng nn qu lu s lm gim cht lng ca ht ging.Trc khi sut la phi v sinh thng sut tht k, bo m khng cn ht la khc ging ln trong la ging. Tt c m, thng, bao cha ging phi lm v sinh sch s. Git sch phi kh, cn thit c th phun cc loi thuc tr nm mt v bao.

- Bao ng la ging phi l bao mi, nu l bao c phi ln bao ra gi khng cn ht la no cn st li. 2. Phi sy: - Khi ra ht xong phi c phi hoc sy ngay trong ngy, thi gian t khi ct n khi em sy trong vng 20 gi. Nu thi gian ny ko di th d phi sy tht kh nhng sc sng ca ht s gim nn kh tn tr lu c. - Nu khng c iu kin sy nn phi trn sn t c tri li cc pha di, v trn sn gch hoc ximng c kh nng nn nng qu s lm nh hng ht ging. la ging ra lp mng 3-5cm v phi co tr thng xuyn. Khi m la t 14% (cn ht la nghe ku u) th c th ngng li, khng v bao lin m ngui t t t nht 6 gi. - Nu c iu kin th nn sy v sy ng k thut s lm cho ht la ging c sc sng v cht lng tt hn. Khi sy cn phi bo m: + Kim tra v sinh l sy trc khi la ging vo sy. + Khi phi hoc sy phi tht kh, o tht u m khong 12,5%, nhit khong 40 - 420C, khng t nng ht qu mc v ht c th b cht khi nhit trn 42 450C. + Qu trnh gim m khi sy s lm bin i tnh cht vt l, ho hc v cu trc ht. Nu tc gim m qu nhanh s lm rn nt ht, gim cht lng v t l ny mm ca ht ging. Thng thng khi sy tc gim m ca ht ging trung bnh 1-2% m cho mt gi sy. + Khi sy la t m 14% th ngng t la nhng vn l sy hot ng (45-60 pht) cung cp gi lm ht la ging ngui t t ch khng ngng l sy t ngt. 3. Lm sch, tn tr v s dng la ging cho v sau: - La ging sau khi lm sch c ng trong bao PP (bao da rn) c trng lp PE (lp nilon) trnh hi m. V trong qu trnh bo qun s xy ra cn bng m gia m khng kh v m ht. - R tht sch loi nhng ht lp, ht lng v nhng ht ny thng mang mm bnh v khi tn tr nm bnh s pht trin lm cho ht gim sc ny mm. - La ging phi c bo qun ni kh ro thong mt, khng b dt ma, phi c thng xuyn kim tra m , su mt, chim chut.... Nu t c cc yu cu k thut phi sy v lm sch nh nu trn th la ging v HT c th bo qun c t 3-4 thng. Trong trng hp mun ging t 6 thng n mt nm tr ln th phi tr ging trong kho lnh.

HI:Xin cho em bit cch thc t chc mt m hnh chn nui ln hng nc theo kiu m hnh trang tri ( quy m khong 30 con) mt vng qu cha c mt m hnh kinh t trang tri no.(Thin v cch thc t chc qun l c hiu qu kinh t).(Dng Ngc Tn- lp kinh t 47A i hc Nng nghip 1 H Ni, Tru Qu, Gia Lm, H Ni) P:Bn Dng Ngc Tn thn mn. Bn ang l sinh vin ca trng i hc Nng nghip I H Ni. Bn c th lin h ngay trong trng bn xem cc m hnh chn nui v trong trng bn c cc trung tm pht trin cc m hnh kinh t nng, lm nghip. Nu a phng bn cn m hnh ny bn c th nh cc gio s trong trng. Nu bn mun tm thm ti liu cho bi tiu lun ca mnh bn c


th n lin h vi Trung tm ging Gia sc, Gia cm- Vin Chn nui Quc gia Thy Phng- T Lim- H Ni. HI:Xin vui lng cho bit k thut nui loi b st ni chung v trn ni ring. Xin cm n. (Thanh To- 3522 T 1 khm 7, KVII, Bnh Minh, Vnh Long) P:B st l mt nhm rt rng trong gii ng vt. Nhn chung nhng loi ny phn b rng khp trn th gi. V d nh loi rn phn b khp cc chu lc (tr Chu Nam Cc) chnh v l , i sng v tp tnh ca cc loi ny rt khc nhau. Do ti khng th a ra k thut chung trong nui cc loi b st. Di y xin gii thiu vi bn k thut nui trn. Chung nui Chung lm bng g thanh, nan tre, bng, st, li mt co... c khe, l rng t 1-2,5cm (tu loi trn nui) tin v sinh v khng cho trn chui ra ngoi. Kch thc chung cao 0,6-0,7m, rng 0,5-0,6m, di 24m. Vi din tch ny c th nht cc loi trn theo s lng: trn s sinh 0,5kg/con nht 8-12 con, t 0,7-2kg/con nht 5-7 con, t 2,5-5kg/con nht 3-4 con, t 5kg tr ln nht 2-3 con. Ni c iu kin t rng nn lm chung kt hp vi khu vn rng chn th, c ro li st trng km chc chn. Nui dng Thc n cho trn l g, vt, chim ct non, tht ln, b, tru, d, th, chut... - Nui chn tht: Trn con t 1 thng tui n 0,5kg, 1 tun cho n 1 ln, ht 0,5kg/thng. Trn t 1-5kg cho n 2-3 ln/thng, mi ln t 1-1,5kg thc n. Trn t 6-10kg cho n 2 ln/thng, mi ln cho n t 1,5-1,7kg thc n. Trn trn 10kg, c 8-20 ngy cho n 1 ln, mi ln t 3-5kg thc n. Ngoi ra cn cn ch b sung thm cc loi vitamin B1, B6, B12, C, A, D, E, PP... ho vo nc cho ung sau mi ln trn n hoc ung trc tip. - Nui trn sinh sn: Ma phi ging ca trn t thng 10 n thng 1 nm sau. Thi gian phi tt nht l thng 11-12. Trc ma phi ging 1 thng cho con ci n tht no c dinh dng tch m v to trng. Tui cho trn phi ging l 28-30 thng tui. Khi trn ci mun giao phi thng tit ra mi c hiu d con c. Lc ny th trn c khe mnh c trng lng bng hoc to hn vo, chng xon xut, giao phi vi nhau 1-3 gi. Nn cho phi kp m bo trng th thai v c t l n cao. Trn ci mang thai t 120-140 ngy. Trong thi gian trn ci c cha khng cho n hoc cho n mi ln rt hn ch trnh chn p trng. Khi chun b , con ci b i b li trong chung, o t, tm ch trng, c rm, c kh . C th lm cho trn bng bao xc rn ng tru ci cht vo mt gc chung, ni yn tnh, trnh gi la... Mi ln trn ci t 10-100 qu trng. Sau khi ht trng vo , trn ci t cun trn li trn trng p. Khi trn p nn kim tra vi ln, nu thy cc qu trng to u, trng, kh ro, v lng bng l trng tt; nhng qu qu to hay qu nh, v xn vng... l trng hng phi loi b. Thi gian p trng 53-55 ngy th n. Trn con t m v trng chui ra. Sau 1-2 ngy c nhng con trn con yu khng t m v chui ra, phi em th nhng qu trng ny vo nc m kch thch trn con t m v chui ra. Cn qu no cha n, ta h tr bng cch x v di 1cm, ln tm u trn con nh nhng ko ra. Trn con sau khi n c th t sng c 3-5 ngy bng khi non hong tch trong bng. Sau thi gian ny, bng trn con xp li, da nhn nheo. Lc ny cho trn con n tht ln nc, tht b, tru, d... ti ngon thi nh.


Phn bit trn c, trn ci - Trn c: Thn thon di, c 2 ca di hai bn hu mn l ra ngoi, vy hu mn to, chp vy t. Vy quanh hu mn nh xp st nhau, n mnh tay vo hai bn huyt thy c quan giao cu l ra. - Trn ci: Thn to mp, ca hai bn hu mn ngn, nm n su bn trong. Vy quanh hu mn to, xp khng st nhau, khng thy c c quan giao cu. Lu - Trn nui lc i, lt xc, ang p trng... thng rt hung d, chng rt nhy cm vi cc loi mi thuc l, hnh, ti, du s... nn cn trnh nhng mi ny. - Trn nui khi n no rt hin, thch vut ve, cng b, v ma h rt thch m nc. V vy trong chung, khu chn nui ngoi mng, chu ung, cn c chu to hoc xy b khi nng bc trn b vo m, tm.. - Trn lt xc vo ma h, trn non lt xc nhiu hn trn gi. Lc sp lt xc trn c mu da sm hn, hai mt tr nn c m, ngng n, tm chn ni c nc, gn nc nm. Thi gian lt xc thng ko di t 1-2 tun. HI:Xin cho bit cht sinh hc EM mua u? Gi c? Cch ny c th s dng trong cng ngh nui heo bng chung kho khng? Cch x l, liu lng? (Nm Hng- Bnh Long, Bnh Phc) P:1. Ch phm EM EM l ch phm sinh hc bao gm 87 chng vi sinh vt khc nhau, trong 5 nhm vi khun ln men l Lactic, ln men ru, vi khun quang hp, x khun v n m men. Nm nhm vi khun ny to ra a xt amin t do, a xt hu c, vitamin ha tan trong nc, khng sinh t nhin v to ra cc hoc mn t nhin. V th khi cc vi khun ny c s dng vo trong t nhin s to ra mi lin kt nhm khng ch cc vi khun gy hi i vi cc loi cy trng v vt nui. nc ta, ngi ta s dng ch phm EM trong trng trt ci thin nng sut v cht lng cy trng, s dng ch phm EM x l nhim mi trng nui thy sn rt hiu qu, c bit l x l mi hi, rui nhng v hm cu v sinh b nght. Mt s ni dng ch phm ny ch bin phn hu c t rc thi hoc phn gia sc, gia cm do tc dng thc y phn mau hoai v cung cp thm vi sinh vt hu ch cho cy trng ca EM. Trong lnh vc chn nui, EM thng c s dng kh mi hi chung tri, gim rui nhng, ci thin sc khe v gim stress cho vt nui, gp phn lm tng nng sut, cht lng tht, sa, lm gia sc mn v tng cht lng thc phm. BSCL, hin c nhiu tri chn nui heo, g, b, ao nui tm c s dng ch phm EM vo cc mc ch ny u thy c hiu qu. C nhiu cch s dng ch phm EM trong chn nui nh: Cho vo thc n, nc ung ca vt nui; phun xt xung quanh chung tri, cho vo bn cha phn... Liu dng khi trn vo thc n gia sc, gia cm l 3 5ml EM/1 kg thc n hoc pha trc tip vo nc ung ca gia sc l 1 3ml EM/1lt nc, dng mi ngy. Nu s dng kh mi hi th dng 20 30ml EM ha vo 8 lt nc sch phun trc tip vo chung tri, cch 7 ngy mt ln. 2. a ch lin h mua ch phm EM mua ch phm EM bn c th lin h ti cc a ch sau: S khoa hc v cng ngh, s nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, cng ty mi trng th ca tnh bn hoc c th ln h ti a ch sau: Trung tm chuyn giao tin b khoa hc k thut Vin khoa hc k thut nng nghip Min Nam a ch: 12 ng Nguyn Ch Thanh- Qun 10 TP H Ch Minh in thoi: 08. 8355147 Fax: 08.8394362 E.mail: [email protected]


HI:Xin vui lng t vn gip em k thut nui ong ly mt, ging, phng tr bnh. Nui ong ly mt trong vn cy cn tri cn lu iu g. Xin cm n. (Nguyn Th V- TP HCM) P:Vit Nam l nc c truyn thng nui v khai thc ong ly mt t lu i. Ngh nui ong tr thnh mt b phn ca nn kinh t nng nghip, cung cp cho con ngi nhiu sn phm c gi tr nh: mt ong, phn hoa, sa ong cha, sp ong. Vi tnh hnh pht trin kinh t th trng ca nc ta hin nay, nhu cu tiu dng ni a v cc sn phm t nhin, trong c cc sn phm ong.Nhu cu xut khu ang l yu t kch thch ngnh ong pht trin c bit l s hnh thnh cc vng cy cng nghip v cc vng cy n qu, vng rng ni v vng nng lm nghip. 1. Cc ging ong mt Vit Nam ni ring v trn th gii ni chung c nhiu loi ong nui khai thc mt. Sau y l mt s loi ong ly mt chnh: Ong rui (ong nh xu) c kch thc nh nht trong cc ging ong ly mt. Ong khoi (cn gi ong gc ko) thch sng v lm t trn cy thuc h gc ko. Ong chu ni a c nui Vit Nam v Trung Quc cch u hng nghn nm. Ong Chu u c 24 phn loi Min Nam Vit Nam ch yu nui loi ong . Ngoi cc ging ong trn cn c ong Phi ha (cn gi l ong lai Phi) loi ny rt hung d t cht nhiu ngi v gia sc khi n gn chng. 2. K thut nui ong mt Mun nui ong c hiu qu ngi nui ong phi nm bt k cc c im sinh vt hoc ca ong, vn dng nhng yu t k thut c bn nui dng ong v phi c cc yu t sau: Ong cha tt: th hin ngoi hnh to, thon th, mu sc oc trng, c sc trng cao, vng trng rng, trng trn bnh t theo hnh xoy trn c t trong ra ngoi. Ong cha tt khe, lin tc mt ngy m 600-800 trng, c kh nng duy tr n ln, th n mnh lin tc, t chia n t nhin, duy tr c s cn bng v thng nht trong c n. Thc n cho ong phi y : thc n chnh ca ong mt l hoa v phn hoa. Do phi b tr n ong nhng ni c nhiu cy ngun mt, ngun phn. Trong trng hp thiu mt hoa t nhin hoc cn kch thch n ong, ngi nui phi cho ong n b sung ng, vitamin nhng phi m bo v sinh. Ong a sng sch s thong mt. Do ngi nui phi lun tm ch thch hp m bo cc yu cu v sinh v sinh t t ong, c bin php phng bnh thng xuyn cho ong, pht hin sm v x l kp thi trit nhng biu hin ca su bnh ong, cc hin tng bt thng ca n ong trnh hin tng ong bc bay, ong chia n t nhin, ong cp mt, ong th trng Thng xuyn m bo s cn i v n nh ca n ong: s lng ong phi tng ng vi s cu, cc lp ong th k tip nhau phi c tui thch hp. a im nui ong phi gn trung tm ngun mt, thun tin cho giao thng, xa cc nh my ko, nh my ch bin hoa qu, cch xa vi ao h. Qun l n ong cc tnh pha nam: Qun l n ong trong v dng ong: iu chnh n ong cho ong u kn cu, loi b kp thi cc cu c, trt kn cc khe h ngoi thng ong. Thu hp ca ra vao phng su bnh v ong cp mt. Qun l n ong trong v nhn n: Mc tiu chnh ca v ny l nhn n ong. nh gi cht lng n ong khi kim tra chia n, nu yu cn nhp n sm ri chia n sau, nu thiu n th cho n kch thch ong cha tt. Qun l n ong trong v thu mt: cn chun b sm cc ngun hoa thu mt, cn lun gi n ong ng. phng ong ng c thuc tr su c bit khi t ong vng hoa nhn. Phi quan h cht ch vi ngi lm vn nm vng lch phun thuc x l n ong. 3. Cc bnh ca ong v cch phng tr Ong mt thng mc bnh v cc loi sinh vt gy hi sau: Bnh thi u trng Chu M, bnh thi u trng Chu u, bnh u trng ti, bnh u trng tui ln, bnh nhim trng bi huyt, bnh a chy, bnh ng c ha hc, ng c do cy c mt phn c, c loi k sinh trng, cn trng gy hi...


Nguyn tc phng tr bnh trn ong mt: Chn ni t ong thch hp, thng nui ong phi ng qui cch. Thng xuyn tham kho lch phun thuc su, tm hiu cy ngun mt c th gy ng c cho ong ch ng phng trnh. Hn ch ngi ra vo cc im t ong, khng nhp ong, dng c nui ong nu khng r ngun gc. Thc hin tt cc bin php k thut lin hon trong nui ong. Khi n ong c bnh cn ly mu gi c quan chuyn mn chn on v c phng php iu tr kp thi. Coi trng cng tc chn ging ong, to nhng n ong c kh nng chng bnh v chng thoi ha ging. 4. Lu khi nui ong ly mt trong vn cy n tri phng ong b ng c thuc tr su: Ngi nui ong phi iu tra k tnh hnh s dng thuc tr su a im chun b chuyn ong n nui. Tt nht l trnh nhng vng, nhng cy thng xuyn s dng thuc tr su. Ch ng gp g vi ngi trng trt bn bin php bo v cn trng thc phn khc v ong bng bin php phng tr tng hp (IPM). Nu phi s dng thuc ha hc th phi chn loi t c nht phun vo thi im cy khng n hoa, phun vo lc chiu ti. Khi c bo trc ngy phun, thuc c c tnh cao, tt nht l chuyn ong i khu vc khc cc im c 5 km. Nu thuc t c hn, c th cch li ong ti ch 2-3 ngy. Trng hp khng c thng bo thy ong cht t ngt, cn ng ca chnh, m ca s, ni rng khong cch cc cu bt cc khe h, dt ong vo ch ti thnh thong di nc mt. HI:Xin vui lng t vn gip k thut nui tc k? (Nguyn Th V- TP HCM) P:Tc k l ngun dc liu qu him, c gi tr kinh t cao, nhng hin nay ngun tc k trong thin nhin ngy cng cn kit, nn vic pht trin nui tc k ti h gia nh mang li nhiu li ch v rt cn thit. Tc k trng ging nh con thch sng nhng to v di hn. Chng thng sng trong nhng gc cy, hc , k h tng nh. Tc k c ku thnh ting, cn tc k ci khng bit ku. Tc k ci trng thnh 12 thng tui v bt u trng. Nu cho n ung y , mt tc k ci c th 7-8 la/nm, mi la hai trng. Tc k khng p trng, thi gian trng n t 85-100 ngy, ty nhit mi trng. Khi n tc k con chui ra khi trng v hot ng ngay. Tc k thng kim n vo bui ti v trong mi trng yn tnh. Mi ca tc k l su b, co co, chu chu, bm, cnh cam, chun chun, nhn, d mn, mi, gin, ong... Chng khng n con mi cht v rui nhng. Tc k c th nhn n, ung di ngy, ma rt c th nhn n bn thng. Tnh ra, nu mt gia nh nui bn thng tc k, mi nm c th thu 150 con. Sau 7-8 thng nui, gi bn khong 40.000 ng/con, tr chi ph ng chung mua ging cn li 4,8 triu ng. Nui tc k khng tn thc n m li dit c nhng loi cn trng ph hoi ma mng. HI:Xin cho bit chi tit k thut chn nui cu, cch chn con ging. (o Duy T- 313.B6 khu tt 5 tng Tp Vng Tu) P:I. c im sinh hc ca Cu Phan Rang: Ging cu Phan Rang l mt ging cu c hnh thnh hn 100 nm nay. Tri qua nhng iu kin kh hu nng nng gn nh quanh nm, di s tc ng ca chn lc t nhin v nhn to, ging cu Phan Rang thch nghi cao vi iu kin sinh thi ca Ninh Thun v cc tnh pha Nam, l ging cu duy nht Vit Nam hin nay. Tui trng thnh bnh qun con ci nng 39kg, con c 43kg. Khong cch la 8 thng (3 la trong 2 nm). 1. Nhng c im ca cu ci tt:


- u rng hi di mnh n rng, ngc su v di, v linh hot. - Lng thng bng to va phi, hong rng, lng mn. - B phn sinh dc n nang. - Chn trc v sau cng cp thng ng, cc khp gn thanh. - Bu v pht trin, v thuc loi v da (bp thy bn trong mm nho nhng khi cng sa tit ra nhiu). Gn sa (tnh mch) ni r cng nhiu cng tt. 2. Cu con: - Hai tun tui u thc n ch yu l sa m. - T tun tui th 2 cu con bt u bt ngn c n lc ny d c mi pht trin v pht trin mnh t tun tui th 5. - Sau thi gian ny phi c c ti cho cu con n kch thch b my tiu ho pht trin (c bit l d c), cu con s chuyn nhanh sang giai on t dng nh ngun thc n bn ngoi, ng thi b p lng dinh dng thiu ht do sa m cung cp khng y . - Con vt c tc sinh trng nhanh, kh nng tch ly cao u t thc n thi k ny s mang li hiu qu cao. II. Thc n: - T chc cho n v nui dng cu ng cch l iu kin quan trng nht ci tin phm cht ging v nng cao nng sut ca n cu. - Cu c th n c nhiu loi thc n nh: cc loi c ti v kh, rm, cc loi da, b, c rt, c ci v ng ti... mi ngy cu c th n mt lng thc n tinh 0,1-0,3kg/ngy. - Nhu cu v khong v Vitamin: Trong cc loi thc n tt thng c cc cht trn. Tuy nhin vo ma kh hng nm thc n b him lm cho c th cu thiu i mt s cht nht l Canxi v mt s Vitamin nh: A,D,...nh hng rt nghim trng n sc sng: con yu, sau khi t sa non, nim mc mt kh, m mt. i vi cu yu cu lng Canxi hng ngy trung bnh 5,5 - 9,0g v 2,9 - 5,0g pht pho, khong 3500-11000 UI Vitamin D... Hin nay c tng lim b sung khong c bn trn th trng. - Cn phi c nc sch cu ung ti chung. Khng nn cho cu ung nc t ng trnh cu b nhim giun sn. III. K thut chm sc v phng bnh: 1. Vi cu m: a.Trc khi : - Chu k ng dc ca cu ci 16-17 ngy. Sau khi cho phi ging qua thi gian trn m khng c biu hin ng dc li l c triu chng c cha. - Cn c vo ngy phi ging kp thi cho cu (Cu mang thai 146-150 ngy), trnh bt ng lm cht cu s sinh. - C th bi dng thm thc n tinh v rau c non cho cu cha nhng tuyt i trnh thc n hi mc. - Khi c du hiu sp nh: bu v cng, xung sa, st mng, m h sng to, c lp dch trn nim mc m h, co bi sn, nn nht chung ring c rm hoc i chn gn v trnh i dc cao. b. Cu :


- Thng thng cu m nm nhng cng c mt s trng hp cu ng , khi nn cu con s sinh khi b rt mnh. - Sau khi , cu m t lim cu con cho kh. Tuy nhin vn ly khn sch lau nc nhy ming, mi cho cu con s sinh d th. Xong ly dy sch buc cun rn (cch rn 5-6cm) dng ko hoc dao ct cch ni buc 2-3cm. Bi cn It st trng. - Cn gip cho cu con s sinh ng ln b c sa u (cha nhiu cht b dng gip cu s sinh chng c bnh tt). - xong cu m kht nc nhiu nn cho cu m ung nc thoi mi (nc c pha ng 1% hoc mui 0,5%). 2. Nui cu con: - 10 ngy u sau khi , cu sinh ra cho b m t do. - T 11-21 ngy tui, cu con b m 3 ln trong ngy (sng, tra, chiu), nn tp cho cu con n thm thc n tinh v c non, n 80-90 ngy tui c th cai sa cu con. - Cu tht: gm cc cu c cai sa v con ging thi loi, trc khi xut chung 2 thng cn c chung nht ring b sung thc n (v bo) nhm tng c trng lng lc xut bn. Thc n b sung c th l: thc n tinh, c xanh, c, qu, ph phm nng nghip... 3. Chung tri: - Cao ro, thng thong, sng sa, khng c gi la, trnh c ma, nng ht trc tip vo, ma h mt, ma ng m, c sn chi bng phng v c mng ung. - Din tch cn bo m cho mi n cu l: c ging 1,5-2,0m2, ci sinh sn 1,3-1,5m2, ci t 0,6m2. - Nn lm chung kiu sn, mt sn cch mt t chng 0,6-1,0m chiu cao qut dn d dng, khe h mt sn 1,5cm. B tr mng n st mt ngoi sn cu th u ra n (mt trc chung). * Nhng iu cn nh: - Hn ch chn th khi thi tit xu, ma dm, ti chung c sn thc n trong thi gian ny. - nh k tim A, D, E v Canxi cho cu sinh sn trong ma kh hn. - Cu c nui bn tht phi nht ring trnh quy ph n, h hng chung tri. - T l c ci: 1 c/25 ci. ng thi thng xuyn (1,5 nm) th thay i c trnh ng huyt. - Ty theo iu kin th trng ca cu, giai on nui m c s b sung thc n cho hp l, mang li hiu qu kinh t cao. 4.V sinh phng bnh: - Chung nui bo m v sinh, qut dn phn hng ngy. Ty u 1 thng 1 ln bng vi hoc Dipterex. - Tuyt i khng s dng cc loi thc n hi mc. - nh k tm chi cho cu sch s (ma h 2-3 ln/thng, ma ng khi nng m). - Mng nc ung phi sch s v nc sch. - nh k ty giun sn 1 nm 3 ln. - Thc hin ch tim phng: + L mm long mng: 2 ln/nm.


+ T huyt trng: 2 ln/nm v mt s bnh khc. - Thng xuyn kim tra pht hin mt s bnh: lot ming, gh, au mt... kp thi iu tr HI:Ti mun t chc mt c s sy v xay trn thc n cho heo. Xin t vn v thit b v kinh nghim sn xut? (Nguyn c Lp- Phng Phc Thi, Huyn Mn, TP.Cn Th) P:Theo m bn hi, chng ti hiu y gm 2 vn ln: H thng thit b sy v ch bin thc n gia sc. trong khun kh bi vit gii p chng ti chi nu tng qut chung v 2 vn ln trn nh sau: 1. H thng thit b sy Mc ch: Sy kh nng, thu sn cng nh cc ph phm nng nghip dng ch bin thc n gia sc, ngha l lm gim n m thch hp nghin nh sn phm trc khi a vo h thng trn thc n gia sc. Thit b sy s dng ph bin hin nay trong sn xut nng nghip khng i hi cht lng sn phm sy cao th c th dng loi thit b sy bung v sy thng quay. Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b sy bung v hm: Bung sy dng lng tr tit din ch nht. Vt liu trn cc khay, cc gi, cht trn cc xe gong, trn bng ti hoc bng xch. Mi cht sy l khng kh hoc khi chuyn ng trong bung sy bng i lu t nhin hoc cng bc nh qut gi. Nguyn l lm vic ca thit b sy thng quay: Bung sy l mt thng hnh tr t nm nghing vi gc nghing nh 1/15 hay 1/50. Thng quay vi tc chm 0,5 8 v/p. Thit b lm vic lin tc hay theo chu k tng m mt. Kh nng theo ng dn vo gia thng v phn phi ra xung quanh qua cc l xung quanh ng. Kh nng ho trn vi vt liu sy do thng quay v sy kh vt liu. kh thot xuyn qua cc l v thng v thot ra ngoi. 2. H thng ch bin thc n gia sc (CBTAGS) Mc ch: Nhm sn xut thc n tng hp phc v cho chn nui gia sc, gia cm. Sn phm ca dy chuyn ch bin thc n gia sc gm dng bt tng hp hay m c. V h thng thit b, hin nay trn th trng s dng ph bin 2 loi dy chuyn CBTAGS: a)Dng ni: Bao gm My nghin - Qut ht - Thng cha - Gu ti - Siclon - H thng lc bi - Vt ti bt - My trn ng. b)Dng chm: Bao gm Vt ti nguyn liu - Thng cha - My nghin - H thng lc bi - Vt ti bt - My trn ng. * Chc nng ca cc thit b: - Vt ti nguyn liu (hay gu ti) c nhim v a nguyn liu t mt t ln thng cha nguyn liu. - Thng cha nguyn liu c nhim v ng nguyn liu d tr my nghin lm vic lin tc. - My nghin c nhim v lm nh nguyn liu theo yu cu thnh bt. - Vt ti bt c nhim v a bt t my nghin vo 2 my trn. - H thng lng bi c nhim gi bi li khng cho theo kh ra ngoi. My nghin lm vic vi tc cao, khi di qua l sng khng phi ch c bt m cn c c kh. V vy nu khng c h thng lng bi, my s khng lm vic c (v tiu hao sn phm v khng m bo mi trng lm vic). - My trn c nhim v trn bt nghin vi cc cht vi lng (tu thuc vo loi thc n cho GS hay GC). My trn lm vic theo nguyn tc trn ng, trn theo m (mi m trn tu thuc vo cng sut ca dy chuyn CBTAGS). Mi cm c 2 my trn quay ngc chiu nhau.


- H thng in cho dy chuyn CBTAGS bao gm cc ng c my nghin, vt ti, gu ti nguyn liu, qut ht, vt ti bt, nh lng, 2 my trn. Vi cng sut dy chuyn ch bin 2T/h th tng cng sut in nng tiu th khong 36 kW. * Qui trnh sn xut: - Cc nguyn liu cn nghin cho mi m trn c cn theo t l nh sn v trn s b vo nhau, sn trc ca np liu ca vt ti nguyn liu (gu ti). - ng in ln lt tng my, khi tt c cc my chy n nh (khong 1 pht) m nguyn liu chun b sn vo ming vt ti nguyn liu, gu ti. M ca thng cha nguyn liu ri vo my nghin t t n khi ti (ng h Ampe ch 50 60 A). My nghin s nghin nh nguyn liu thnh bt v chiu qua l sng xung y h thng lng bi v vt ti bt. - Vt ti s a bt vo my trn s I (ng tm gt ca vt ti bt khng cho sang my trn II). - Qut ht bt ln kh t y h thng lc bi qua ng dn vo thng lng bi. i a s bt c lng ti thng v qua nh lng vo vt ti bt. Cn t bi theo kh i ra ti thu bi. Ta c th np cht ph gia vo my trn nghin c m. Khi nghin ht mt m ta quay tm gt ca vt ti bt sang my trn s II. - m th 2 vo vt ti nguyn liu (gu ti). - My trn I lm vic thm khong 5 pht, ri m ca x thu sn phm. - Qu trnh lp li nh ban u. Chng ti cng khng r qui m sn xut cng nh i tng sn phm u ra ca bn l g? c t vn mt cch chi tit v c th vh thng thit b v kinh nghim sn xut, xin mi bn c th lin h theo a ch: Trung tm chuyn giao cng ngh v t vn u t Vin C - in nng nghip v Cng ngh sau thu hoch Phng mai - ng a - H ni Tel. (04) 8695640 E- mail: [email protected] Hy vng rng mi yu cu ca bn s c p ng! Chc bn thnh cng! HI:Ti co mt manh vn qua tham khao ti i nh chn nui bo tai y, nhng chi co vn v ngun nc la hi kho, ngi ta bao phai khoan ging. Vic ny a lm mt i cu a ti mt chi phi kha ln, nhng vn ti mun hoi y la vi khu vc cn ci nh th nay thi ti nn nui loai bo nao, va phu hp va cho nng sut cao. Ti nn mua bo u? nn mua bo sp cho sinh, hay la nui nghe (b) con, hay ca hai cu ng lu c. Bn canh o v lu dai ti mun trng co t tu c cho bo sau nay. Vy ti nn trng loai co no la phu hp cho vu ng t kh han nay? va mua ging u? (L Trong Nghi a- Gia Lao, Xun Lc,ng Nai) P:Bn nn gp c quan khuyn nng a phng hi k hn v cu hi ny v quyt nh chn nui nh th no ph thuc rt nhiu vo cc yu t c th ca a phng m li khuyn t xa c th khng chnh xc. Tuy nhin chng ti c mt s kin t vn gip bn nh sau: - Nu khng nc (t nht l nc ung) cho b trong ma kh th khng nn nui b quanh nm m ch mua b (b) v nui trong ma ma ri em bn vo u ma kh (nui b tht.) - Nu c tm nc cho b ung v v sinh trong ma kh th phi trng nhiu c vo ma ma, sau d tr ( chua v phi kh) c thc n th cho b trong ma kh. Nn trng th c Voi v c Ghine. Tt nht nn tm hiu trong vng ngi ta trng loi c g. -Nu c thc n quanh nm c nh vy th nn nui b ci sinh sn. Tt nht l nui b lai Sind. Lin h vi c quan khuyn nng a phng hay tri ging gn mua.


HI:Nh chu thng xuyn nui heo ni nhng c t heo mau ln, c t chm ln mc d cho n cng mt loi thc n? Xin hi nhn th no th bit heo con n m hay thiu m. (Nguyn Thanh Lc- x Phong Ho, huyn Lai Vung, tnh ng Thp) P:Heo ln nhanh hay chm ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t: - Ph thuc vo ma: nu heo sinh vo ma xun th s ln nhanh cn heo sinh vo ma h th ln chm. - Ph thuc vo thc n: tuy l cho n cng 1 loi thc n ca cng 1 cng ty sn xut ra nhng thc n sn xut li ph thuc vo tng t, khng phi l thc n no cng c thnh phn dinh dng ging nhau. Ngoi ra cn ph thuc vo yu t nui dng, chm sc v c tim phng y hay khng. V d: - Khi ln con mi sinh ra phi cho b ngay sa u v phi si m ngay. - ngy th 3 phi tim 1ml st. - ngy th 8 cho ln con tp n. - Ngy th 8 - 10 tim phng suyn. - ngy th 20-28 tim phng ph thng hn. - ngy th 20-45 tim phng dch t. - ngy th 60 tim phng ng du v t huyt trng. Nu ln c lng v da bng mt, hng ho, n ng tt v khng cn nhau l ln c cht m. HI:K thut nui hu ci sinh sn? (L Th Tn- X Minh Tr, huyn Sc Sn, H Ni)

P:Vit Nam l nc duy nht ng Nam c ngh nui hu sao truyn thng lu i v ngi nng dn Vit Nam tch lu c nhng kinh nghim qu gi v nm trong tay k thut nui hu sao. 1. Phn b Hu Vit Nam bt ngun t cc khu rng nhit i, hin n phn b rng ri cc vng trn t nc ta. C iu l hu sao sng hoang d khng cn li l bao bi chng b con ngi sn bn qu mc. May sao ngh nui hu sao pht trin kh mnh trong nng h ca mt s vng vi mt n hu sao c lc ln ti chc ngn con. Ngh Tnh l ni nui nhiu hu sao nht. Nhng nm u ca thp k 90 ngh nui hu bt pht ko theo mt cn st ging tai hi. Rt nhiu hu sao c mua i bn li v phn b ra rt nhiu tnh trong nc. Nhng Ngh An v H Tnh vn l qu hng ca ngh nui hu sao. Ch ring hai tnh Ngh An v H Tnh trong thi im pht trin nht, n hu c ti 10.000 con. Nu tnh trn phm vi ton quc th n hng sao c khong 22.000 con. 2. Cc c im sinh hc - c im tiu ho Cng nh tru b,hu thuc loi nhai li, d dy ca hu c cu to phc tp gm 4 ti: d c, d t ong, d l sch v d mi kh. D c c dung tch t 6-10 lt, l mt ti ln men ln, c ti 50% cc cht kh tiu c tiu ho.


Mi ngy hu nhai li t 6-8 ln v thi gian dng cho nhai li mi ngy bnh qun l 7 gi. Hu c th n rt nhiu loi l cy. c bit l xoan l loi l ng (c tc dng ty giun sn) m hu li rt thch n. - c im hnh thi Hu sao nh tn gi ca n l trn nn mu vng ca thn c hai hng chm trng nh nhng ngi sao chy song song t vai n hai bn thn ca hu. Hu sao c thn hnh thon chc, nhanh nhn, c di, u nh, t chi cao gip hu chy nhanh. Ton thn mu vng, pha bng vng nht hn. Ch hu c mi c sng, sng non ta gi l nhung (hay cn gi l lc). Nhung mc mi nm mt ln. C mt s con cho 2 ln mc nhung sau khi ct, nhng ln th hai trong nm nhung mc nh hn. - Tp tnh ca hu sao Nht nht l bn tnh ni bt ca hu sao, h nghe ting ng l l b chy. C l do sc vc nh nn hu chn cch chy trn lm thng sch v t chi cao kho gip n chy nhanh thot him. c nui nh, hu sao quen ngi v t ra thn thin, nui cng lu biu hin ny cng r. Ngi ta c nhn xt n hu nui nh vng Hng Sn d gn hn, khng s st cnh gic nh n hu nui Qunh Lu, c l cng v Qunh Iu so vi Hng Sn l qu hng mi ca hu sao. Sng trong rng hu sao hot ng nhiu v m, ban ngy tm ni tr n nhai li. Hu sao n c nhiu loi thc n xanh. c bit nng dn thng cho hu sao n l xoan, mt th l ng thng dng lm thuc ty giun, nhng hu li rt thch n. 3. Kh nng sn xut - Kh nng sinh trng So vi cc gia sc nh nhai li khc th hu sao c tc sinh trng tng i kh v tm vc cng ln. C nhng hu c nng ti 90- 100 kg. Khi lng hu sao qua cc giai on (kg)

Thng tui Khi lng c Khi lng ci S sinh 3,8 3,4 1 10,3 8,5 2 17,0 14,4 3 22,5 20,0 6 28,3 24,3 12 40,2 32,9 24 54,2 43,2 >30 65,5 51,5

- kh nng sinh sn + Ma ng dc, ma sinh sn Ma ng dc ca hu tp trung cao im vo cc thng 8, 9, 10 trong nm. C l sau ma ma, c n nhiu c l xanh kch thch hot ng tnh dc ca hu. Nh vy ma sinh sn ca hu tp trung vo cc thng 3, 4, 5. Lc by gi kh hu m p, c l cng bt u sinh si v do hu con c nui tt, t l nui sng cao hn. Cc biu hin ng dc ca hu cng ging nh cc con vt khc, bn chn khng yn, c quan sinh dc bn ngoi xung huyt, c nim dch chy ra. Thi gian ng dc ca hu ci l t 1-3 ngy, trung bnh 2-30 gi. Khi hu ci ng dc th cng kch thch hu c ng tnh, by gi n c v hung d hn n t hn, lun tm cch gn hu ci. ng tc phi ging ca hu ch xy ra trong vng 20-30 giy. + Tui thnh thc sinh dc Tui thnh thc sinh dc ca hu n vo khong 12- 16 thng tui, thi gian cn tu thuc


vo nui dng, nh sng, v.v... c nui tt, c nh sng sn chi y th s thnh thc n sm hn. Cng do cc nguyn nhn khc nhau m i khi c nhng con hu s thnh thc sinh dc n mun, sau hai nm tui mi ng dc. Chu k ng dc ca hu trung bnh l 20 ngy, bin ng trong khong t 15-30 ngy. Khng nn cho hu phi ngay sau ln ng dc u tin bi v hu ci t c th cn yu v cha c kinh nghim nui con. Nhng ngi nui c kinh nghim v cc tri ging thng cho hu phi lc 1,5-2 nm tui. Thi gian mang thai ca h(nl l t 220-225 ngy. Thi gian ng dc li sau khi ca hu l t 102- 116 ngy (Trn Mnh t, 1999). Khong cch gia hai la dao ng t 339-350 ngy, trung bnh l 345 ngy. Nh vy c ngha l hu sao mi nm mt la. + T l th thai T l th thai i vi hu thnh thc (trn 20 thng) theo kho st trong sn xut t 76%. T l nui sng ca hu t 93% (Trn Mnh t, 1999). y l cc t l t cao trong sn xut i vi con hu; mt loi cn mang rt nhiu tnh cht d sinh. Tt nhin cc t l ny ph thuc rt nhiu vo ch nui dng v ma sinh sn. Hu ht cc b phn trn c th hu u c th s dng cho vic cha tr cc bnh con ngi. Tht hu c tc dng b trung, ch kh, mnh gn ct ( Tt Li, 1982). Tht hu cn c dng nu cao ton tnh (cng vi xng, da, v.v...) dng bi b kh huyt. Xng hu, da hu thng c nu cao. Cc b phn c th khc ca hu cng rt b ch: huyt hu, thn, dch hon, dng vt, gn hu, v.v... u c dng trong cc bi thuc dn gian v rt c tn thng. HI:Ti nghe ni dng phn gia sc nui Trng Qu? Xin hng dn cch nui Trng Qu.(D Th Bo Ho- p Bnh Ho, x Bnh Thnh, huyn Trng Bng, Ty Ninh) P:A. Gii thiu v trn qu: Trn qu c tn khoa hc l Perionyx excavatus, chi Pheretima, h Megascocidae (h c dn), ngnh rut khoan. Chng thuc nhm trn n phn, thng sng trong mi trng c nhiu cht hu c ang phn hy, trong t nhin t tn ti vi phn th ln v khng c kh nng ci to t trc tip nh mt s loi trn a phng sng trong t. Trn qu l mt trong nhng ging trn c thun ho, nhp ni v a vo nui cng nghip vi cc quy m va v nh. y l loi trn mn , xut hin ri rc vng nhit i, d bt bng tay, v vy rt d thu hoch. Chng c s dng rng ri trong vic chuyn ha cht thm Philippines, Australia v mt s nc khc (Gurrero, 1983; Edwards, 1995). Kch thc Trn qu trng thnh t 10 15 cm, nc chim khong 80 85%, cht kh khong 15 20%. Hm lng cc cht (tnh trn trng lng cht kh) nh sau: Protein: 68 70%, Lipid: 7 8%, cht ng: 12 14 %, tro 11 12%. Do c hm lng Protein cao nn Trn qu c xem l ngun dinh dng b sung qu gi cho cc loi gia sc, gia cm, thy hi sn. Ngoi ra, Trn qu cn c trong y hc, cng ngh ch bin thc n gia sc... Phn trn l loi phn hu c sinh hc c hm lng dinh dng cao, thch hp cho nhiu loi cy trng, khng gy ra tnh trng "sc" phn, yu cu tr d dng, c bit thch hp cho cc loi hoa king, lm gi th vn m v l ngun phn thch hp cho vic sn xut rau sch. B. c tnh sinh hc ca Trn qu: Trn qu c kch thc tng i nh, di vo khong 10 15 cm, thn hi dt, b ngang ca con trng thnh c th t 0,1 0,2 cm, c mu t n mu mn chn (ty theo tui), mu nht dn v pha bng, hai u hi nhn. C th trn c hnh thon di ni vi nhau bi nhiu t, trn mi t c mt vnh t. Khi di chuyn, cc t co dui kt hp cc lng t pha bn di cc t bm vo c cht y c th di chuyn mt cch d dng. Trn qu h hp qua da, chng c kh nng hp thu Oxy v thi CO2 trong mi trng nc, iu ny gip cho chng c kh nng sng trong nc nhiu ln, thm ch trong nhiu thng. H thng bi tit bao gm mt cp thn mi t. cc c quan ny bo m cho vic bi tit cc cht thi cha m di dng Amoniac v Urer. Trn qu nut thc n bng mi l


ming, lng thc n mi ngy c nhiu nh khoa hc ghi nhn l tng ng vi trng lng c th ca n. Sau khi qua h thng tiu ha vi nhiu vi sinh vt cng sinh, chng thi ra phn (Vermicas) ra ngoi rt giu dinh dng (h s chuyn ha y vo khong 0.7), nhng vi sinh vt cng sinh c ch trong h thng tiu ha ny theo phn ra khi c th trn nhng vn cn hot ng "mng dinh dng" trong mt thi gian di. y l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn lm cho phn trn c hm lng dinh dng cao v c hiu qu ci to t tt hn dng phn hu c phn hy bnh thng trong t nhin. C. c tnh sinh l ca Trn qu: Trn qu rt nhy cm, chng phn ng mnh vi nh sng, nhit v bin nhit cao, mn v iu kin kh hn. Nhit thch hp nht vi Trn qu nm trong khong t 20 30oC, nhit khong 30oC v m thch hp, chng sinh trng v sinh sn rt nhanh. nhit qu thtp, chng s ngng hot ng v c th cht; hoc khi nhit ca lung nui ln qu cao cng b i hoc cht. Chng c th cht khi iu kin kh v nhiu nh sng nhng chng li c th tn ti trong mi trng nc c thi Oxy. Trn qu qu rt thch sng trong mi trng m t v c pH n nh. Qua cc th nghim thc hin, chng ti nhn thy chng thch hp nht vo khang 7.0 7.5, nhng chng c kh nng chu ng c ph pH kh rng, t 4 9, nu pH qu thp, chng s b i. Trn qu thch nghi vi ph thc n kh rng, chng n bt k cht thi hu c no c th phn hy trong t nhin (rc ang phn hy, phn gia sc, gia cm). Tuy nhin, nhng thc n c hm lng dinh dng cao se hp dn chng hn, gip cho chng sinh trng v sinh sn tt hn. Trong t nhin, Trn qu thch sng ni m thp, gn cng rnh, hoc ni c nhiu cht hu c d phn hy v thI ra nh trong cc ng phn ng vt, cc ng rc hoai mc. chng rt t hin din trn cc ng rung canh tc d ni y c nhiu cht thi hu c, c l v t l C/N ca nhng cht thi ny thng cao, khng hp dn v khng m bo iu kim m thng xuyn. D. S sinh sn v pht trin: Trn qu sinh sn rt nhanh trong iu kin kh hu nhit i tng i n nh v c m cao nh iu kin ca khu vc pha Nam. Theo nhiu ti liu, t mt cp ban u trong iu kin sng thch hp c th to ra t 1.000 1.500 c th trong mt nm. Trn qu l sinh vt lng tnh, chng c ai v cc l sinh dc nm pha u ca c th, c th giao phi cho vi nhau hnh thnh kn mi con, kn c hnh thnh ai sinh dc, trong mi kn mang t 1 20 trng, kn Trn di chuyn dn v pha u v hi ra t. Kn o hnh dng thon di, hai u tm nhn li gn ging nh ht bng c, ban u c mu trng c, sau chuyn sanh xanh nht ri vng nht. Mi kn c th n t 2 10 con. Khi mi n, con nh nh u kim c mu trng, di khong 2 3mm, sau 5 7 ngy c th chng s chuyn dn sang mu v bt u xut hin mt vn thm trn lng. Khong t 15 30 ngy sau, chng trng thnh v bt u xut hin ai sinh dc (theo Arellano, 1997); t lc ny chng bt u c kh nng bt cp v sinh sn. Con trng thnh khe mnh c mu mn chn v c sc nh kim trn c th. E. Cc m hnh nui Trn qu: Hin nay, tn th gii c nhiu m hnh nui Trn qu: t n gin nh nui trong khay, chu trn mt din tch nh, n nui trn ng rung (c hoc khng c mi che), hay nui trong nhng nh nui kin c... nhng nhn chung, cc m hnh ny u phi m bo c nhng yu cu k thut ph hp vi c im sinh l ca con Trn. y, chng ti xin xut mt m hnh nui thch hp vi quy m nh trong tng h gia nh, quy m bn cng nghip v gii thiu mt s nt v quy m nui cng nghip hin i. 1. Nui trong khay chu: p dng cho nhng h gia nh khng c t sn xut hoc mun tn dng ti a cc din tch trng c th s dng c, m hnh ny c th s dng cc dng c n gin v r tin nh cc thng g, thau chu, thng x Cc thng g ch nn c kch thc va phi (vo khong 0,2 0,4 m2 vi chiu cao khong 0,3m). Cc dng c ny nn c t trn nhng ci khung nhiu tng d chm sc v tn dng c khng gian. Cc dng c nui nn c che ma gi, t ni c nh sng hn ch cng tt. Chng phi c l thot nc, nhng l ny cn c chn li bng bng gn, li khng b tht thot nc con ging. Do tnh u ti nn trn mt ca dng c cn c kim tra thng xuyn.


M hnh nui ny c u im l d thc hin, c th s dng lao ng ph trong gia nh hoc tn dng thi gian rnh ri. Cng tc chm sc cng thun tin v d quan st v gn nh. Tuy nhin, n c nhc im l tn nhiu thi gian hn cc m hnh khc, s lng sn phm c gii hn, vic chm sc cho Trn phi c ch cn thn hn. 2. Nui trn ng rung c mi che: Thch hp cho quy m gia nh va phi hoc m rng, thch hp cho nhng vn cy n qu, cy cng nghip lu nm c bng rm va phi. Cc lung nui c th t m trong t hoc lm bng cc vt liu nh nh bt khng thm nc, g, c b ngang t 1 2m, su (hoc cao) khong 30 40 cm, bo m thot nc c nc v thng thong. Mi che nn lm dng c ng d di chuyn, thay i trong nhng thi tit khc nhau. dy cht nn ban u v thc n nn c b sung hng tun. Lung nui cn c che ph gi m, kch thch hot ng ca Trn v chng cc thin ch. 3. Nui trn ng rung khng c mi che: y l phng php nui truyn thng cc nc pht trin cng ngh nui Trn nh M, c.. v c th thc hin quy m ln. Lung nui c th ni hoc m trong mt t, b ngang khong 1 2m, chiu di thng khng gii hn m ty theo din tch nui. Vi phng php ny, ngi nui khng phi lm ln tri, c th s dng cc trang thit b c gii chm sc v thu hoch sn phm. Nu cho lng thc n ban u t v b sung hng tun th vic thu hoch cng kh d dng. Tuy nhin, phng php nui ny b tc ng mnh bi cc yu t thi tit, c th gy tn hi n Trn v cn mt din tch tng i ln. 4.Nui trong nh vi quy m cng nghip v bn cng nghip: L dng Ci tin v m rng ca lung nui c mi che trn ng rung v nui trong thau chu. Cc khung (bn) nui c th c xy dng kin c trn mt t c kch thc rng hn hoc c sp thnh nhiu tng. Vic chm sc c th thc hin bng tay hoc cc h thng t ng ty theo quy m. Phng php ny c nhiu u im l ch ng c iu kin nui. Chm sc tt, nui theo quy m ln nhng chi ph xy dng c bn v trang thit b cao. Hin nay, quy m nui cng nghip vI nhng trang thit b hin i c p dng kh ph bin cc nc pht trin nh M, c, Canada. F. Yu cu k thut ca vic nui trn: nui trn qu t hiu qu, cn ch mt s vn sau: - V ngi nui: + Nm bt c mt s c tnh sinh l, sinh thi c bn ca con Trn. + C kin thc ti thiu v cc loi cht thi hu c dng lm thc n cho Trn. - V lung tri nui: Lung hoc tri nui phi t ni thong mt, khng b ngp ng v khng nn b nh sng chiu trc tip, c ngun nc ti thng xuyn, trung tnh v sch; cn thot nhit, thot nc tt. Bo m cc iu kin v nhit v m. Nn c bin php ngn nga cc thin ch (kin, cc, nhi..) - V cht nn: Cht nn c c cu xp, kt cu tng i th, c kh nng gi m tt, khng gy phn ng nhit, pH khng nm, ngoi ph chu ng ca Trn, c th l mi trng sng tm ca Trn khi gp iu kin bt li. - V thc n: Thc n l cht thi hu c dng ang phn hy, khng nn c hm lng mui v amoniac qu cao, chng loi tng i a dng nhng thch hp nht l nhng cht liu c t l C/N vo khong 10:1 nh phn gia sc, cc cht liu phn hy th ca rui lnh en hp dn Trn hn l cc loi phn kh hoc qua giai on . Khi cho n, c th b tr thc n thnh nhng lung nh xen k nhau hoc thnh tng cm. Lng thc n ty thuc vo mt s Trn hin c, c ngun phn chuyn ha tng i hon ton nn ch n thi gian b sung thc n. - V m: Nn ch ti gi m ngay t khi mi th ging v Trn b sc khi di chuyn, hng ngy kim tra m v ti b sung, tt nht l ti nhiu ln trong ngy khi tri nng, lng nc cho mi ln ti t. Nu s dng cht nn c kt cu ht xp v to th m c th duy tr mc cao v ngc li. Trong iu kin kh nng cng nn duy tr m cao. Nc ti nn c pH trung tnh, khng nhim mn hoc phn.


- Thu hoch: Ty theo mc ch m c nhng phng php thu hoch khc nhau. y, chng ti tm ngh 02 phng php thu hoch sau: + Phng php thu hoch ti bng cch dn d: Nhm thu c ngun ging m khng lm cho chng b sc v thu phn Trn. Trc khi thu hoch khong mt tun, cho mt tn li vo khong ging mi dn gia lung (hoc trn b mt lung) c cha thc n mi c b sung nc mc bo ha, khng ti trn phn phn ch hai bn. Thc n ti v m s hp dn Trn v chng s tp trung cao y. thu c trn 90% con ging, nn thc hin ng tc ny 2 ln. + Phng php thu hoch kh: thu hoch Trn tht lm thc n gia sc v thu ti gi m, nn xi xo nhiu ln gip bc thot hi nc. Khi nhn thy ht phn tng i ri rc, dng co gom phn vo gia, con trn c khuynh hng chui xung, cun trn di lp y ca lung. Ht lp phn bn trn v tip tc gom phn li. Thc hin thao tc ny s tch ring c phn v trn. HI:Xin t vn cho ti k thut nui hu ly nhung? (Nguyn Vn Thng- Ph ng, Gia Lm, H Ni) P:Hu c dng phi ging (gi l hu c ging) v ly nhung cn c ch chm sc c bit, khu phn thc n khng ch p ng cho hu sinh trng pht trin bnh thng nhm thu hoch nhung, m cn hon b v ti to kh nng phi ging cho hu c. 1.Ch dinh dng Hu c ging cn cho n theo ng khu phn thc n ch nh, trong cc thnh phn cht m, cht khong, vitamin A, D, E l ht sc ch . C th thnh phn v lng thc n hng ngy cho hu c ging nh sau: 15- 20kg thc n xanh, 0,5kg thc n tinh, 0,5kg thc n giu m, 10g premix khong, 10g premix vitamin v 10- 15g mui n. Trong ma phi ging, mi tun cho n thm 2- 3 qu trng g (khng dng trng vt); sau mi ln phi ging cho n thm 3- 5 qu trng g. 2.Chm sc hu c phi ging Tui phi ging tt ca hu c l 5- 9 tui. Ngoi hnh con c ging tt l c hai tinh hon to v u, gc sng to mp, ng knh sng ch ln nht t 3cm, kho mnh, khng bnh tt. Mi hu c ging ch cho phi ging 8- 10 hu ci trong mt nm. Thi gian phi ging (ma phi ging) trong nm ca hu t 15 - 4 n 15 - 9. Sau mi ln giao phi, cho hu c ngh t nht 10 ngy c iu kin hi phc sc kho. Ma khng phi ging, ma h cn tm chi sch s cho hu, chung tri thong mt; ma ng che chn gi gi m chung cho hu, lm n chung cho hu nm. Din tch ph hp cho hu c ging 8- 10m2/con. 3.K thut phi ging Do hu c ging v hu ci c nui ti cc h dn xa nhau, hu c v ci l nhau, khi phi ging i khi cng gp nhng trc trc ng tic. Theo kinh nghim cc h nui hu sinh sn cho bit, hu ci c khong 20 ngy ng dc mt ln, thi gian ng dc ko di t 1- 3 ngy, v vy xc nh thi im ng dc ca hu ci khng kh khn. Trc ng dc khong 10 ngy, tin hnh mang hu ci cn phi ging th vo chung bn cnh chung hu c ging. Chm sc c hai con cho n ngy hu ci ng c v t nh im hng phn (chnh l thi im rng trng), m ca chung, hu c s sang chung hu ci giao phi. Vic lm ny mang li t l th thai rt cao. Sau khi giao phi, cn bi dng chu o hu c ging. Sau khi giao phi, nu con ci i tiu ra nc vng hoc trng c, nm rn, con c b i ni khc ( tho mn), chc chn hu ci s th thai, song nu con c v ci nh ln nhau th t l th thai s rt thp, cn nhanh chng nht ring. 4.K thut ct nhung hu c Nui hu c khng ch phi ging m cn ly nhung. Cn ct nhung ng k thut th hu mi mau chng hi phc phi ging. ct nhung m bo, trc ht cn thc hin


vt ct v tr cch chn nhung 1cm, dng c ct phi tht sc, thao tc ct nhanh, dt khot, khi gn t ct hi chm li mt cht trnh lm xc nhung, sau tin hnh cm mu nhanh cho chn nhung. C hai bi thuc rt tt cm mu chn nhung sau khi ct. Bi 1: Mc Tu (mc Trung Quc), than ci nghin mn, nc un si ngui, pha thnh dung dch sn st. Sau khi ct nhung xong p vo ngay vt ct, sau bc gc sch, dng tay nm yn ly vt p trong 3- 5 pht l mu cm. p xong bn ny tin hnh ct bn kia. Bi 2: Than l chui kh sch bp mn, trn vi du lc thnh dng sn st p vo vt ct, sau nm ly sng 3- 5 pht, vt ct cng nhanh chng cm mu. Khi vt ct thc s cm mu, dng gc bng v buc vt ct li bng dy vi sch. Sau khi ct nhung hu, cc hot ng xung quanh chung hu phi nh nhng, tuyt i khng ngi l i vo chung hu lm hu hong s hc lung tung, p v vt thng nh hng n vt ct v gy kh khn cho vic lm lnh vt ct, nh hng xu n ln ca nhung hu sau ny. HI:Xin t vn quy trnh k thut nui b ly tht.(Nguyn Th V,166 Nguyn Cng Tr, QI, HCM) P:1. Mc ch yu cu - Ph bin cho nng dn nhng k thut c bn v ging, chm sc, nui dng, phng bnh, t hiu qu kinh t cao trong chn nui b tht. - Yu cu: Ngn gn, d nh, d lm theo quy trnh. 2. c tnh sinh vt hc tiu ho - B l i gia sc nhai li. - Thc n ca b ch yu l thc n th xanh. Nu n nhiu thc n tinh s b bnh. - V sinh sn: + i vi b c: Tui bt u phi ging t 24-26 thng tui. Tui phi ging tt nht t 2-6 nm. + i vi b ci: Tui bt u phi ging t 18-24 thng tui. C th phi ging bng th tinh nhn to hay cho con c nhy trc tip. nh mc mt c ging / 30-40 b ci. Chu k ng dc l 21 ngy. Thi gian mang thai trung bnh l 281 - 285 ngy (9 thng 10 ngy). Thi gian ng dc li sau khi sinh l 60 - 70 ngy. - Chn ging chn nui b tht cht lng cao: V ngoi hnh chn con c thn hnh vm v, mnh trn, pha mng v vai pht trin, tng th nhn vo b c hnh ch nht. - Cc ging chn nui con lai: Nhm Zebu x B vng, F1HF, F2HF khng sn xut sa, Shahiwal, Brahman trng hoc , Brouhuogber. 3 - Nui dng chm sc v bo theo giai on a) Nui b t 1 - 5 thng tui. - T s sinh n 30 ngy tui, nui b ti nh cnh m, lun gi m trnh gi la, cho b nm ch kh sch. - T thng th 2, tp cho b n c xanh phi kh c nng. C ti ra sch ro, cho b n thc n xanh v thc n tinh nh khu phn nh phn trn. - T thng th 4 tr i tp cho b n thm thc n c qu nh : khoai lang, b ,.. - Tri nng m tp cho b vn ng t do di nh nng b c Vitamin D3, to cho b xng cng cp. - Thc n: + Thc n th: 5 7kg c/con/ngy.


+ Thc n tinh: 0,6 0,8 kg/con/ngy vi 100 gam Protein tiu ho v 2.800Kcal/kg. b) Nui b t 6 - 20 thng tui (nui b hu b v bo)6 thng tui cai sa cho b. - Phng thc nui nht: Cho b ra sn vn ng 2 - 4 gi/ngy. Cung cp y thc n xanh, thc n tinh hn hp. Thng xuyn cung cp nc ung cho b trong giai on ny. - Phng thc chn th : Hin cn kh nhiu a phng trong tnh cn p dng phng thc ny. Nhng mun nui b tht c hiu qu kinh t cao cn u t thm canh theo quy trnh v chn nui b lai. - Thc n: + Thc n th xanh: 6 thng tui: 10 kg /con/ngy; 7-12 thng tui: 15kg/con/ngy; 13-20 thng tui 30 kg/con/ngy. + Thc n tinh: 6 thng tui 0,8 1 kg/con/ngy vi 100 gam Protein tiu ho v 2.800Kcal/kg. c) Nui v bo b t 21 - 24 thng tui - Nui nht gim vn ng, tng cng cho b n cc loi thc n giu dinh dng, cao nng lng, cho b tm nng 2 gi/ngy, gim nhit v cng nh sng chung nui. - Nhng con c trng lng ln, b bnh chn mng, cn sa mng cho b bng cc dng c sc nh dao, c v dng c chuyn dng khc. - Thng xuyn tm chi cho b kch thch b n ung kho. Ma h tm 2 ln/ngy. Ma ng chi kh 1 tun 2 ln cho b bng bn chi. - Xut b: Khi b bo ng tiu chun, quan st vng vng (vng lng) bo bng, nng dn ta thng gi l "b bo bng lng", th xut bn. - Thc n: + Thc n th xanh: 30 kg/con/ngy (c ti hay kh, rm c x l mm ho v tng m). + Thc n tinh: 1,5 2,5 kg/con/ngy vi Protein tiu ho 100 gam v 2.800 Kcal/kg thc n. + Nc ung: 50-60 lt/con/ngy. C th s dng mui n pha vi nng 9%. 4- Phng v tr bnh - Tim phng nh k hng nm vo 2 t : 15/03 v 15/08, Vacxin t huyt trng cho b chn nui trong vng an ton dch ca d n. - V sinh phng bnh: Chung tri, mng n, mng ung mi trng xung quanh v c th b phi lun sch s, cnh ly ngun bnh, mm bnh. - Ty giun a cho b nh k vo thng th nht, thng th 3 v thng th 9 bng Piperazin 2 - 3g/10 kg trng lng. Cho ung hoc tim 5 mg Levamisol/10 kg trng lng. Nu b a chy lin tc c mi tanh khm, x lng sng sm v chiu ti cn ty sn l gan bng cch tim bp : Dovernix 1ml/15 kg trng lng, hoc cho ung Dertil B1 liu lng vin/ 50 kg trng lng. - nh mc thuc th y: 10.000 ng/con/nm. 5- Mc u t - Mc cng nhn. - Mt lao ng nui c 20 con b tht trong nng h, lao ng ny phi lm cc ni dung: + Trng c kt hp chm bn v ct c chuyn v chung. + Chm sc, nui dng theo di bnh tt.


+ Ch bin, d tr v bo qun thc n. + Cp thc n tinh, nc ung theo nh mc. + Cng tc th y thng thng: Tim phng, v sinh mi trng nh k. - Chn nui trang tri: 3 nhn cng v 1 ngi hp ng trang tri c th nui 100 b tht 1 la. - nh mc trng c: 2 so/1 con b tht (500m2/so), c u t: + Phn chung: 400 500 kg/so. + m, kali (5 kg ur v 1,5 kg kali/500m2/ 1 ln bn thc v bn 11 ln/nm). + Ging c : 3.000 kg/ha. S dng ging c voi lai, c ty Ngh An, ng dy. * nh mc xy dng chung tri: - Chung xy dng theo kiu thit k chung 1 dy hoc 2 dy. - Chung lp l hay ngi , tng kn pha Bc, thong pha Nam, nn chung kh nc, lt nn mm. nh mc 2,5 3 m2 / con.

HI:Nh ti c con b ci lai sind 1 ln nhng n nay trn 3 thng m khng thy ng dc. Xin cho bit bao nhiu ngy sau khi b ng dc li. Cch pht hin b ng dc li. Cch pht hin b ng dc v chn thi im phi ging tt nht? (Nguyn Vn Tm, thn 3, x Hm Lim, huyn Hm Thun Bc, Bnh Thun) P:B nh ng chm ng dc sau khi do nhng nguyn nhn sau y: Trc ht khi la th nht, khu v sinh c quan sinh dc (m h, m o, t cung...) ca b m lm khng tt. Sau khi b cn xem xt k nhau thai ra ht cha? Sau nu ra ht th nn tht ra t cung hng ngy v trong vng mt tun cho t cung mau hi phc v khng b vim nhim. Thng thng dng Rivanol 1% t 1 2 lt hoc dng Lugol 1% bm vo t cung 200 300ml sau 4 6 ln tht ra, bm vo t cung dung dch Penicillin 2 triu IU sheptomycin 2gr, nc ct 200ml. Mt nguyn nhn khc l do ch chm sc nui dng mt cn bng dinh dng dn n b m gy, m, hng ngy b thiu c xanh v thiu mt s nguyn t vi lng P-Cu, thiu cc cht khong khc lm ri lon ni tit, ri lon chu k ng dc. ng chu k ng dc li sau khi la th nht nu b pht trin bnh thng, khng xy ra cc bnh sau khi th t 40 65 ngy b ng dc li. Khi b ng dc c nhng biu hin: n t hn, i quanh chung ku rng, khi th ra bi chn cc con c eo bm v nhy ln lng. Dch nhn trong m o chy ra dnh m h, lng thng... Khi ng dc chn mi, ng yn cho b khc nhy ln lng hoc t b ng dc nhy ln con khc, m h sng ln hn ngy bnh thng. Thi gian ng dc ca b khc nhau ty tng con v ph thuc vo ging, trng lng, ch chm sc, tui... Trung bnh b ng dc 18 gi dao ng t 6 30 gi. Thc t cho thy c mt s b ci sinh sn biu hin ng dc khng r rng (trong chuyn mn gi l ng dc thm lng), kh pht hin bng mt thng nn b l thi im phi ging. Trong trng hp ny cn c b c th chung trong n pht hin l tt nht. iu kh nht l ngi nui b, khng bit chnh sch l b ng dc t khi no trong ngy, m quyt nh thi im phi ging thch hp? V vy tt nht l cn phi kp cho b khi pht hin ng dc. Nu pht hin b ng dc vo bui sng th phi ging ln 1 vo chiu cng ngy (cch 10 gi k t khi ng dc) v phi ln 2 vo bui sng hm sau (cch 24 gi k t khi ng dc) v phi ln 2 vo bui sng hm sau (cch 24 gi k t khi ng dc). Nu pht hin b ng dc vo bui chiu th phi ln 1 cho b vo bui sng hm sau v ln th 2 vo bui chiu cng ngy. Phi ging la th 2 vo giai on t 50 60 ngy l tt nht. Nu sm, trc 45 ngy khi b mang thai d b sy thai. Nu phi mun t 70 ngy tr ln th s ko di khong cch 2 la , hiu qu chn nui gim.


Ngoi ra chm ng dc cn do cc nguyn nhn b b bnh ng sinh sn, chm sc nui dng v qun l khng tt, bnh do di truyn v b cht phi.

HI:Cho ti hi k thut nui rn (Hong nh Tn - Thn Dng X, X Dng H, Gia Lm, H Ni) P:Hin nay, nhiu h ang ua nhau nui rn Ri Voi t hiu qu kinh t rt cao chng ti s hng dn bn k thut nui. Chn ni v chun b ni nui rn Ni nui rn c th l ao nui nung bo, c mc nc su 0,6- 0,8m, gn ngun nc sch, khi cn c th thay nc d dng. Din tch ao t 50m2 tr ln, c bng bt li k. Ao c dn bt bn snh, cy c thi mc, bt cht cc hang mi, bn vi bt dit tp. Cp m ao c th dng Fibroximng phng khp kht vo nhau bao vng quanh m ao. Tm Fibroximang c cm su di y ao, pha trn cn li so vi mt b mc nc cao nht ti thiu 0,5m, tng fibro c cm thng ng, pha trn tng c li rng 0,3m, dy, chn nghing 250 v pha trong rn khng b ra ngoi c. Cn lu khng b t cn li nhiu, rn s vo tr trong hang khng ra n, rn chm ln. Trong ao c th lc bnh, rau mung, rau ng chim 2/3 din tch mt nc ao. Th l chui kh thnh ng cao khi mt nc 0,3-0,5m, l chui th m b. Nu m b b nc ngp, ng b chui b tre, th tng ng tu l chui kh vo rn tr sau khi n, t nh nhau gy thng tch, khong trng cn li l ni lm bi cho rn n, cho vo ao 0,5-0,8m. Th rn vo ao nui. Nui rn b xi mng, lu, khp: y b v thnh b c trt lng xi mng. Trong b cho vo 0,1-0,2m l t tht, t bn. Din tch b c th lc bnh, din tch cn li trng l bi mi cho rn n, trong b ty ni rng hp m cho mt s ng l chui kh, l chui c th th ln b tre hoc can nha l chui khng b ngp su vo nc. Cho nc vo b 0,2-0,3m. th rn vo nui. Ging rn nui - C th bt ging rn con t nhin vo u ma ma, chn rn khe mnh cng c th nui hoc nui rn lm ging. Chn rn Ri voi cha m c 0,4-0,6 kg/con tr ln, nui dng chng t ma kh, u ma ma rn mang bu, vo thng 4-5 dng lch rn m ra rn con khong 50 con. Rn con c chm sc ring vi mt 30 40 con/m2. Cho rn con n nng nc, nhi con, c tr con.Rn thch n mi cn sng, khng vy. Tp cho rn n c mi c vy. - Ging rn c ln t 4 -10 con/kg, cn nui ng c, rn khng b try vt, mc cu gy xng sng, nui chung. Cn lu chn ging rn khe mnh u c khng b thng tch rn ln u khi nui. - Mt nui t 5-10 con/m2. - Th nui ghp: Ra, ln 1 con/m2 s dng thc n d ca rn v tng thu nhp. Thc n - Rn Ri voi thch n ng vt ti sng, khng n thi, khng vy: nng nc, ch nhi, c tr, ln con, trng. Khi tp cho rn n c c vy, c cht rn cng quen n dn. - Thc n ti t l 3-5% trng lng rn, n hng ngy, ty sc n ca rn m tng hoc gim khng thc n d tha lm thi nc. - C th nui c sc, c tr, nhi.. trong ao lm thc n ti ch cho rn. - Trc khi cho rn n, lm ng tc l chui kh rn b ra cng nhau n. Thc n c lm va c cho rn n, ri u ni c rn. Chm sc rn nui + Cn cho rn n , u rn mau ln, ln u. + Khng thc n d gy i, thi ngun nc.


+ Cn chun b ngun thc n sn t cc ao mng hin c. + B sung l chui kh sau khi n xong rn vo tr, t nh nhau v rn mau ln. + Thng th 7-15 ngy thay nc cho rn 1 ln. + Rn bnh hay b thng tch c nui chm sc ring, khi khe nui chung. + Rn yu n, cn thay i thc n v b sung B complex, vitamin C kch thch rn n. Thu hoch rn Rn c nui t 5-12 thng ty c ging, rn t 500g/con tr ln l thu hoch c. C h nui trong nn nh 25m2 th 210 con rn, 27 con ra, 15 kg ln ng. Sau 6 thng nui bn c 6,9 triu ng, li 5,5 triu ng. Tnh ra mi mt vung doanh thu 276.000 , li 222.000 , a dng ha sn phm c sn tiu th. (B quyt gip nh nng lm giu - NXB Thanh Nin)

HI:Ti mun nui gu ly mt th nui loi gu no? Nu bt u nui tui con gu bao nhiu th tt? K thut nui th no? Mua con ging u?... (Trn nh Khnh - Thn Vng, x C Bi, Gia Lm, H Ni) P:Hin nc ta tho thun vi T chc quc t bo v th vt hoang d s dp b cc c s nui gu ly mt trn ton quc. Bn hy chuyn sang mt m hnh chn nui khc nh. Chc bn thnh cng HI:Lm th no cho th t dch bnh v mau ln. Nc tiu ca th gy bnh ci cho ngi phi khng? P:Kinh nghim nui th t b dch bnh v mau ln, cn lu : - Th ni chung hay th con sau cai sa ni ring rt nhy cm v b tc ng t ngt ca vic thay i thc n, mi trng sng... nu khng thch nghi c th cht, c khi cht hng lot. Nguyn nhn ch yu do ri lon tiu ha, bnh pht sinh do suy dinh dng sau khi cai sa. V vy, cai sa cho th phi quan tm n vn thc n, nc ung... Trc ht, thc n phi giu m, khong, vitamin, khng c trng giun sn v mm bnh... Nn s dng cc loi l cy c thn cao cch xa mt t nh l chui, l sn dy, vn, keo du (me di), m lng, l ch ti (b ch ti sau khi pha nc ung, phi kh cho n dn rt tt)... cc loi rau mung, bp ci, su ho, hn ch khng cho n nhiu. Nu thiu cc loi l thn cao th phi cho n cc loi rau, nhng phi ra sch v phi ti trc khi cho n. Cc loi rau c, c qu cha nhiu nc hn l cy, cho th con n d b ri lon tiu ha. Cc loi rau c mc gn mt t thng dnh nm, mm bnh v trng giun sn... cho th con n d b mc bnh v cht... - Vic cai sa th con khng ng thi im s rt c hi v gy cht hng lot. Nu khng tp cho th con n thc n rau c l cy lc cn b m th khi cai sa th con s n ngay rau c l cy (khc hon ton vi sa m), s n t hoc b n cht dinh dng gim st. y l nguyn nhn chnh th con cai sa tun u cht nhiu hoc cht ht, nu khng cht th n th cng ci cc, pht trin km... Nu th ging th phi loi thi v nng sut, cht lng v hiu qu chn nui th s khng cao... - Mun cai sa sm, cn phi tp cho th con bit n sm, khi th con bit nhy ra t thng , sc n ca th con s tng dn, thch nghi dn vi thc n mi khi sa c b t dn v ht hn. Lc ny th m nui lng khc, th con vn gi li lng c v nui y 10 20 ngy na mi xut bn hay em nui lng khc. Thi gian ny th cai sa cng cp hn, hon ton thch nghi vi thc n mi khc hn vi sa. Cai sa cho th, l vn then cht, l b quyt thnh cng trong chn nui th. - Th sau cai sa, giai on 30 90 ngy tui khng nn nht nhiu con vo mt lng, th tht c th nht 4 5 con/ngn (0,3 0,4m2). Th hu b ging 2 con/ngn (0,25 0,35m2),


khng c nht chung th ci vi th c, v tui ny th pht dc, lng th c phi xa lng th ci, khng gn d l ngn ring, nu khng s c hi cho sinh trng, pht trin ca th do thng xuyn b kch thch. - Chung tri phi sch s, kh ro, thong mt... nu khng, nhim mi trng (kh CO2, NH3, bi bn...) s khng c li cho h hp, tun hon... th s hot ng km... C ngi cho rng, nc tiu ca th gy bnh ci cho ngi, nhng thc t cha c c s khoa hc chng minh iu . (Nng nghip Vit Nam) HI:Ln nh ti n bnh thng nhng chm ln, lng x, thi thong a chy. Cch khc phc th no? P:Theo nh m t th ln nh bn c th b thiu vitamin A,D,E. y l ba loi vitamin 3 loi vitamin c tc dng tng tng hp cc t bo cho c th to xng v pht trin c bp. Vitamin A c tc dng kch thch tng trng, tng sc khng bnh, chng ri lon tiu ha, chng m mt, bo v nim mc rut. Vitamin A tham gia vo qu trnh trao i Protein, Gluxit, Lipit, nh hng n cc tuyn ni tit, h thn kinh, tng hp Protein c th v nhiu hot cht c hot tnh sinh hc khc. Trong tng hp t bo tuyn gip trng, tuyn ty, tuyn thng thn v nim mc mt, h h hp, h bi tit, chng sng ha da, chng ci xng, chng Stress. Nhu cu ti thiu l mi ngy 25 UI/kg th trng lng. Thiu vitamin A ln s b suy nhc c th, i li yu, mt tnh thm n, chm pht trin, lng x. Ln con thiu vitamin A c th b ng kinh, tiu chy, ln ni b sy thai, ln c phi ging t u thai. Vitamin D c tc dng chng ci xng, lm tng tip thu canxi v pht pho rut non v lm tng tch ly chng trong xng, iu tit lng canxi pht pho t xng vo mu v t mu vo xng. Thiu vitamin D lm cho ln ci cc, bi lit v chm ln. Ln con thiu vitamin D biu hin chm pht trin, i ng xiu vo. Thiu vitamin D gy mm xng, sng khp xng, gy cm, qu, i khi i km vi bnh thiu canxi v pht pho s lm cho ln ni hay b ng dc khng u, sy thai, t sa, bi lit sau khi sinh. Vitamin E c tc dng kch thch tng trng, c lin quan n kh nng hp thu khong Selen, chng xi ha cc cht bo khng no v cc cht Axitamin cha lu hunh nh Xystein, Metionin, Triprofan, chng cc trng hp hoi th v xut huyt gan. Vitamin E nh hng n chc nng sinh sn ca gia sc, chng teo c, chng ri lon ng, nh hng n tng hp cc Coenzim trao i axit Nuclic. c bit vai tr quan trng nht vitamin E l chng xi ha sinh hc, chng xy ha vitamin A v Croten. Tm vitamin ADE cho ln s hng ho, mt da chng ci cc, x lng hay tiu chy ln con. Tuy l cht kch thch tng trng cho ln, nhng nu dng khng ng liu ln s ci cc, chm ln, km n, phn li tc dng ca thuc, khi tha via- min A s lm cho gan b ph gy bing n, tha vitamin A lm cho tng canxi huyt, lm cho mm xng gy bi lit, nu ta dng loi Premix c cht lng, c vitamin ADE trn trong thc n theo t l quy nh. Hoc dng thc n hn hp hon chnh ri th khng cn tim b sung vitamin ADE, ch cho tm nhng ln khng c b sung Premix vitamin tng hp hoc c b sung khng thng xuyn. i vi cc loi vitamin dng tim hin c trn th trng, b con nn lu hm lng cc vitamin c trong 1ml dung dch. V d: Vitamin ADE tim trong 1ml dung dch gm vitamin A 500.000 UI, vitamin D 75.000 UI, vitamin E 500mg s c hiu qu tt nht. Liu lng thuc ADE ny tim cho ln tht di 40kg l 0,5ml/con/thng, ln 40kg tr ln tim 1 ml/con/ thng. i vi ln ni tim 2ml/ 1 con/thng. HI:Nh chu nui heo ni nhng gn y heo ni cn con khng ch b, ti sao? Bin php iu tr? (Nguyn Hi Nhi - Tin Du, Bc Ninh) P:Theo nh chu ni th c th ln ni nh chu b vim v. Bnh ny thng xy ra sau khi 4 5 gi tr i. Nguyn nhn: - Do k pht bnh vim t cung, st nhau sau khi . - Do nhim trng t mi trng vo v gy vim (thng do rng nanh ca ln con lm xy xt nm v v gy nhim trng) - Sau khi sinh hm lng canxi huyt m qu thp dn n b st sa, vim v Triu chng: Sau khi ln 2 ngy xut hin nhng v sng , thng thy i xng gia 2 hng v, s c


cm gic nng, n vo v ni c phn ng au. Nu vim nng th ni b n, khng cho con b, st 40,5 420C, vt sa nhng v vim thy vn cc. V vim ly sang cc v khc rt nhanh. Nu tr khng kp thi, ni s b mt sa v x ha nang tuyn, mt kh nng to sa. Trng hp canxi huyt thp dn n b st sa th tt c cc v u b vim, sng Phng tr bnh: - Ct rng nanh ln con khi mi sinh - V sinh chung tri, v sinh bu v cho ln ni sch s - Bm ra t cung sau khi ln khong 5 6 ln, trong 3 ngy - Thc n cht lng tt (trnh hin tng thiu canxi) Khi mc bnh c th iu tr bng cch: - Chch khng sinh Ampicilline: 10 mg/kg trng lng - Tetramycine: 10 mg/kg th trng - Septortryl: 1 cc/10 kg th trng - Chlotetrasone: 1 cc/5 7 kg th trng - Tylosyne (Tylan 50, Tylan 200): 7 mg/kg th trng. - Gen ta Tylo, Tylan Chloram C th chch quanh gc v, lin tc trong 3 4 ngy. - Chch thuc khng vim nh: Dexamethasone, Dectacyl, Hydrocortisol HI:Ti mun hi v tt c cc k thut chm sc heo con (Xun _ Ph Yn) P:Chm sc nui dng ln con theo m 1. Thc n ln con theo m. Ngoi b sa, phi tp cho ln con n sa sm. Tui ln con n sm, cai sa sm. 10- 20 ngy th khi lng thc n l 0,1- 0,15 kg 20- 30 ngy th khi lng thc n l 0,15- 0,25 kg 30- 45 ngy th khi lng thc n l 0,25- 0,35 kg C ln t tp n sm n cai sa mt 25- 35 kg thc n. thm canh tng nng sut, tng khi lng cai sa c , gia nh nn mua thc n concentrat ca cc Cng ty gia sc v thc n chn nui ng sn v cho ln n. Thc n concentrat ca ln con tp n, bo m trong 1 kg c: Vitamin A: 10.000 UV Vitamin D3: 2000 UI Vitamin E: 15 UI Cht kch thch sinh trng 40 mg Lysin: 12,5g Methiomin: 8g Thnh phn gm c: Bt u tng rang, bt sa, bt c nht, ng rang, bt xng, premix vitamin, premix khong, biolizin. Dinh dng: m th: 20- 25%, X th: 4%, Can xi:1,2%, m: 13%, Photpho: 0,85% Thng gia nh t trn khng m bo c vitamin v nht l khng c lysine, methionin l hai axitamin quan trng bc nht i vi ln. 2. Chm sc nui ln con theo m a. Ln s sinh n ngy tuI th 7. Nu s ln con nhiu hn v m, sau khi cho b sa u, chia lm hai nhm thc hin cho b lun phin theo gi. Hai ngy u c 2 gi cho ln con b mt ln, xong cho vo m. Chung ni , thng u gi nhit 25- 300 C, thng th 2 c th thp hn. Tim dung dch gluco 40% vo thnh khoang bng 5cc cho ln ni, 100 cc cho ln con lai, ngoi v ln con sau khi 3 ngy lng gluco do ln m cung cp thiu m chc nng iu chnh thn nhit li cha hon chnh, nn tiu tn gluco trong c th. V vy, phi cung cp lng gluco cn thit cho thng u sinh trng, nu ngy tui tim extran Fe loi 100 mg, mi ln con tim 1 cc. Ln s sinh mi ngy cn 7- 11mg Fe to mu v chng bnh tt. Ch c 5 ngy u ln con s dng ht 55 mg Fe d tr do m chuyn sang. Hng ngy sa m cung cp khng qu 2 mg nn thiu t 5- 9 mg Fe cu to hemoglobin, mt s enzim h hp, vn chuyn, ho sinh chu trnh Krebs; do ln con thiu mu, gy cm. Nu khng c Dextran ngoi th dngDextran Fe ni, tim 2 ln( vo 2 ngy tuI v 15 ngy tuI), hoc s dng dung dch Mohan nh sau: Clorua st 34g; axit HCL 1ml ng n 100g; nc ct ho tan thnh 1000 ml ng vo chai, cho ln con ung 10 cc/ ngy/ 1con hoc bi ln v m cho ln con lim. Hoc dung urozat pha ch sn cho n ung. Nu ni km sa, ln con khi lng km, tip tc tim dung dch gluco 40% 10 cc cho ln ni, 15% cho ln lai, ngoi gip ln con pht trin bnh thng. Tuyt i khng ra chung, ch qut dn kh, thay bn. Gc chung gi vi bt ht m. b. Ln 8- 15 ngy tuI Tp cho ln con n sm bng thc n giu m, d thiu (thc n concentrat cho ln con tp


n sm) trong ring (khng cho m n). Lng sa ca ln ni tng dn t ngy u v cao nht vo ngy 21- 24, sau gim dn. Bi vy, phi tp n sm ln con tng trng tt, chng c bnh tt, ng thI gip ln m khng hao mn c th qu nhiu, nh hng n k sinh sn sau. Tp cho ln con n, c th nu chin thc n, qut vo mm ln con tp lim lp, dung con bit n con khc n theo. Thc n cho vo mng. n xong ra mng, phi chng m t gy ln men thc n lm rI lon tiu ho, a chy, phn trng. Ngy cho n 3- 4 ln. Ngoi ra c mng than hot tnh (than ci) tn bt, gch non tn bt, cacbontanin 3g/con ln con lim lp them, b sung cc nguyn t vi lng v cc cht chng a chy. Ngy th 15 tim dextran Fe ln 2 nu ln u dung extran Fe nI, 1 cc vacxin/ 1ln con. c. Ln con t 20 ngy tui, n cai sa (45 ngy tui) Tim 2- 3cc vacxin salmonella phng chng bnh thng hn 21 ngy tuI, cn c bit kh nng tit sa ca ln ni, thin ln c, chn gy hu b. Tng dn thc n tp n sm, bt u tch ln con khi ln m gi 1 ln, 1 ngy t 2- 3 ln. 25- 35 ngy: tch ln con t 3- 4 ln/ ngy; gi/ ln 36- 40 ngy: tch ln con t 4-5 ln/ ngy; gi/ ln 41- 44 ngy: tch ln con t 5- 6 ln/ ngy; gi/ ln 45 ngy: cai sa sm, c ti chung, ui ln m i. C m v con nhn i 24 gi nhng m bo nc. Ln ni tim 5cc vitamin AD3E phc hi nhanh chng phc hi dc li. Ln con cn c v tng con. Tim phng vacxin dch t ln. Chm sc thi k ln cha: - Thi gian ln ng c t 3-4 ngy (con ng c ln u 5-6 ngy). Cho ln giao phi hoc th tinh vo nhng ngy v cui ln thng nhiu con v nhiu con c hn. Thi gian ln mang thai l: 3 thng 3 tun 3 ngy (tnh 1 thng trn 30 ngy), trc lc ln v sau khi mt thng, thi gian ny phi cho ln n tt hn, cht, lng hn cc thng khc. Thnh thong cho ln n thm mt s thc n nh cua ng, tm tp, hoc c tp phng ln m b bi lit. Nu ln nhiu con qu phi loi bt. Thng nui tnh theo trng lng ca ln m t l 10kg/1con, v d: Ln m c trng lng khong 100kg cn ln con l 10 con l va. Chm sc ln con: Cn nm ng thi gian ln chm sc h tr. Ln thng vo ban m, thi gian khong 2 ting ng h, nn ngi phi c mt ln con ra c con no th ly gi lau sch cho con , nht l vng nhy mi v ming, phng ngt th. ng thi pht hin con no c rng nanh th dng km bm rng i, khi ln con b khng lm ln m au v (c trng hp ln m au v l do rng nanh ca ln con gy nn, nn ln m khng cho b c n) lm hng n ln. Phng v cha bnh cho ln con: Nu nn chung b m t v khng c sch s, nht l v ma ma th ln con d b mc bnh a chy, nh bnh a phn mu trng sa rt thi. Cn phi nh thuc phng lc ln mi mi con khong 14-15 git thuc c tr nh SFECTINOMCIN sng v chiu, hai ln trong mt ngy l c. Ln con 25 ngy hoc 1 thng tui bt u tp n. Nhng ngy u nn nu cho long thm mt t ng ln con n c cm gic ngt nh sa m, ln s n c nhiu hn. Khi ln n ngy cng c nhiu cn b sung thm thc n cm con c, c th 30gam n 50gam cho mt con 1 ngy (tng dn theo thi gian). Sau 2 thng tui ln con t trn 10kg con. Lc ny tch khi ln m v c th xut chung, ln m ng c li v mang cha ln khc. Thi gian ny cn ch , nu ln con a phn nho c th b giun sn cn phi tim hoc cho ung thuc ty giun chng ln b ci cc, chm ln. HI:Xin cho bit cch bo qun trng g, vt m khng cn cho vo kho lnh? (Nguyn Kim Hu - s 7 ng Tn , Nguyn Tri, H ng, H Ty) P: 2. trng cng vi cc loi lng thc ph nh u tng, u en... trng cng c th


c trong mt thi gian di m khng b hng. 3.Ha tan 1 kg dung dch_ silicat na tri vo 9 lt nc si, sau ngui ri vo bnh ng trng g. Mt nc phi cao hn trng t 5 cm tr ln dng ba bt kn ming bnh ri vo ni rm mt, thng gi. Vi cch ny, ma h bo qun c trng trong 2-3 thng. 4. Ri mt lp tru kh v sch vo y thng ng, c mt lp tru tri 1 lp trng n khi y thng sau cng dng ba bt kn ming thng vo ni rm mt. Nu khng c tru th thay bng mn ca g thng hoc tro bp. C khong 20 ngy hoc 1 thng m thng ra kim tra v lt trng. 5. Ct trng vo trong b ch phi kh, ni thong mt. 6. Vo ma h nng nc nu cho trng g vi vo trong vi mui, trng cng bo quan c lu. 7. trng mi (trng cn lnh ln cha b dp v) vo trong v hoc bnh sch kh, nc vi c nng 2-3% vo bnh, nc phi cao hn trng 20-25 cm, vi cch ny trng gi c lu hn 3-4 thng. v (bnh) vo ni thong mt khng ni c mt tri chiu vo hoc ni m t. 8. Trng g va mi mua v nn dng nilng gi ti hoc loi giy bng dng nng thc n bc trng li, nh vy trng cng c trong mt thi gian di. 9. Sau khi mua trng g v, dng khn t lau qua trng 1 lt ri trng vo t .lnh ( dng qu trng ln), u to ca trng hng ln trn nh vy cng c kh lu. 10. Khng nn ln trng vi gng v hnh ty, bi nh vy trng s b hng rt nhanh. HI:D ging cht lng cao, u bn ging, gi bao nhiu? P:D - D Bch Tho: Ngun gc t n c nhp vo nc ta hng trm nm nay. D Bch Tho c mu lng en loang, sc trng, tai to cp xung, trng lng s sinh 2,6 2,8kg, 6 thng 20 22kg, trng thnh d ci 40 50kg, d c 70 80kg, kh nng cho sa 1,0 1,5kg/ngy vi chu k cho sa trung bnh 150 ngy, tui phi ging ln u 7 8 thng, 1,7 con/la v 1,8 la/nm... - D Jumnapari: D Beetal; d Barbari: Ngun gc t n c nhp vo nc ta nhng nm 1990. - D Alpine: L ging d sa vng ni Anpine ca Php. D Alpine nhp vo nc ta bng tinh cng r lai to vi d trong nc cho kt qu tt v nm 2001 Trung tm Nghin cu d v th thuc Vin Chn nui quc gia nhp thm mt s con ging nhn thun thm d kh nng thch nghi, kt qu rt kh quan. - D Saanen: D sa Thy S nui nhiu cc nc chu u. D Saanen cng nhp vo nc ta bng tinh cng r lai to vi d trong nc cho kt qu tt v nm 2001, tnh Ninh Thun nhp thm mt s con ging nui th nghim theo di kh nng thch nghi, kt qu cng rt kh quan. Nm 2002, Trung tm Nghin cu d v th thuc Vin Chn nui quc gia nhp thm mt s d ging cht lng cao t M nh: Saanen, d Alpine, Boer... nui th nghim theo di kh nng thch nghi, kt qu cc ch tiu kinh t k thut u rt kh quan. D Saanen v d Alpine l hai ging d sa, c kh nng cho sa trn 5kg/ngy, l hai ging d c kh nng cho sa cao nht t trc n nay. D Boer l ging d chuyn dng tht, c ngun gc t chu Phi, nay c nui nhiu M v nhiu nc trn th gii. D c mu lng trng nu, c vng lng nu c v u, sinh trng, pht trin nhanh, c bp pht trin mnh, trng lng s sinh 4 5kg, 1 thng t 10-12kg, 3 thng t 24 25kg, trng thnh d ci 80 100kg, d c 140 150kg. y l ging d c kh nng cho tht cao nht t trc n nay. + a ch bn d ging cht lng cao:


- Trung tm Nghin cu d v th, thuc Vin Chn nui quc gia. a ch: Sn Ty H Ni. T: 034838341 0913322320. Gi c ty theo ging, cp loi v tui... HI:Ti mun mua th c ging u ( tnh Tin Giang) v gi c nh th no? xin cm n !(Nguyn Vn Kim Trng - 7/7A Tn Ha ng ,F14,Q6,TPHCM) P:B Phc Th- Tuy Phong- Bnh Thun in thoi Vn phng giao dch: (08)8532264 HI:Knh gi chng trnh ! Hin nay ti mun tham kho v tnh hnh chn nui d cc huyn pha nam nh th no? iu kin Long An c th pht trin chn nui d cu c khng ? Th trng u ra ca ngnh chn nui d hin nay nh th no ? Rt chn thnh cm n cho ti c bit nhng thng tin trn. (luong le gia hy - Tn An, Long An) P:Lv lu di, th trng d vn cn hp dn. Bn nhn vo y hiu r hn v tnh nui d hin nay. HI:Ti mun nui ln ging v ln tht, xin cho bit k thut nui v ni lin h mua ging v thc n. Nguyn Vn oi (Hng Ty, Hng Nguyn, Ngh An) P:K thut chn nui ln tht Ngun: Nng Nghip Ngh An Mc ch yu cu: + Nui ln tht phi t c nhng yu cu sau y: - C tc sinh trng pht trin nhanh: 600-700g/ngy. - Tiu tn thc n thp, tt t cng chm sc nui dng. - Phm cht tht tt (c t l nc trn 50%). Chn ln nui tht: Tiu chun chn: - Ln con cai sa 28-35 ngy tui c trng lng 7-8 kg tr ln hoc lc 2-3 thng tui t 16-20kg tr ln. - Mnh di cn i, lng thng, mng trn, bng thon gn, chn thanh, thng, chc. - Nu ln ng co rm, bng cc, t nhn l ln ci hoc c bnh. - Nhanh nhn, mt tinh sng, ham hot ng, hay chy nhy, khe mnh (ln bnh thng chm chp, ng ngc) phm n, phn do c khun, c th khng d tt. -Da mng, hng ho (da dy, ni gai c, sn si l ln c bnh, nui chm ln). Tiu chun, khu phn n Ch cho n theo cc giai on. - T 18- 80kg cho n t do (tha mn nhu cu ca ln) - T 81-100kg cho n hn ch vi mc n bng 85% ca mc n t do, mc ch tng t l nc, gim chi ph thc n. K thut chm sc: - Ngy cho n 3-4 ba vo cc thi gian 6 gi sng, 11 gi, 17 gi, c th cho n ba ti lc 20


gi. - 2-3 ngy cn tng dn khi lng thc n, cho ln n ht khu phn trnh thc n tha trong mng. (nn dng mng n t ng). - C ra mng sch s trc khi cho n. - Thng xuyn c nc sch trong vi ung t ng. Th y i vi ln tht: - Trc lc vo nui: Phi tim phng cc loi vc xin dch t, t du, ph thng hn v ty giun sn. - Thng xuyn theo di pht hin ln m, nu ln m phi nui cch ly phng nga ly lan bnh . - Sau mi ln xut ln, chung phi c ra, phun thuc st trng trng t 3-5 ngy trc khi vo nui la ln mi. - Nhit thch hp. + Ln 18 - 30kg : 20- 220C + Ln 30 - 100kg : 15- 160C Chung nui: chung ln choai, ln tht. - Cc ngn bng song st 8, khung vch ngn dng st 14- 16, khong cch gia cc chn song 10 cm, cao 80cm. - Nn chung b tng, chc chn, dc 3-5% hoc sn chung c lt tm an b tng (c khe h ) c chiu di: 1,2 - 1,3 m v 0,7 - 0,8m (theo chiu rng 2 m) lm bng tm song st 10, c khong cch cc chn song 1,4cm , t cch mt nn 0,3 - 0,4 m. - Mng n: t mng n t ng gia 2 chung, hoc mng n bng b tng theo chiu di ca chung (3m) nu nn chung lm lng xi mng hoc lt gch. - Yu cu din tch chung nui: + Kch thc: 2 m x 3m + Ln 2-3 thng tui yu cu : 0,4 m2 /con + 3-5 thng tui yu cu : 0,8 m2/ con - nh mc lao ng: 1 lao ng chn nui : 400 con. HI:B nh ti ra mt con b rt p, b m rt nhiu sa, b b sa bnh thng nhng 10 thng ri m gy m, ci cc ch c da bc xng. Lng b x ra, vng trc hng, ngc b ph thng, c lc to bn, a chy... Xin qu bo cho bit b b bnh g v cch iu tr? (L Th Th thn 1 x Thun Ha, Hm Thun Bc- Bnh Thun) P:Theo nh triu chng ca con b ny th c rt nhiu nguyn nhn lm cho b gy m, ci cc. Nguyn nhn ch yu vn l cc bnh do k sinh trng gy nn nh bnh sn l gan, giun a, giun xon... Dng b t 8 12 thng tui thng hay gp l bnh giun xon d mi kh. Theo chng ti b nn tham kho v cn bnh giun xon d mi kh ca b phng v iu tr s c hiu qu. Nguyn nhn: Bnh giun xon d mi kh do giun xon Hacmonchus Contortus v Mecistocirus Digitatus gy ra, bnh gp ph bin b di mt nm tui. Nguyn nhn ch yu l do giun xon c tr d mi kh ca b (d dy tuyn) v rut non, giun xon c chiu di t 1,5 3cm. Cng nn bit l b c d dy 4 ti (d c, d t ong, d l sch v d mi kh). Giun ci 1 ngy 5000 10.000 qu trng, trng theo phn ra ngoi gp iu kin kh hu thun li n ra u trng. Cc vng c m thp, cc vng nc t ng, bn l ni cha v truyn u trng cho b thng qua thc n, nc ung. u trng vo c th theo ng tiu ha ming, thc qun xung d dy v t 2 3 tun n thnh giun.


Triu chng: Giun xon t tp tng bi d mi kh v rut non ht cht dinh dng ca b. Chng bm chc v chc thng nim mc d dy, lm v mao mch ht mu, ng thi n tit ra c t lm cho b gy m, ci cc dn, b b ph thng vng trc hng v ngc. Phn b to bn, i khi b a chy xen ln nhau theo chu k. Khi s lng giun b nhim trn 1.000 con th triu chng cng th hin r hn. c bit ma kh do thiu thc n, nc ung th b tr nn suy dinh dng v b cht hng lot. Phng bnh: Tun th quy trnh chn nui nghim ngt, v sinh thc n, nc ung sch s. Cho b n khu ng c sch, khng m thp, khng cho ung nc t ng, phn tiu dit trng giun. iu tr: Dng 1 trong cc loi thuc sau: Levamisol tim bp 1ml/10kg trng lng c th, Tayzu tim 1g/10kg trng lng c th. Menbendazol 8 10g/100kg trng lng c th. nh k 6 thng/ln ty giun cho gia sc bng mt trong cc loi thuc nu trn. (Bo Nng nghip Vit Nam) HI:Ti ang nui th ging nhng khng c ti liu hng dn k thut. Xin cho ti bit mt s thng tin v k thut chn nui th (Trn Vn Anh Lan - 38 Trn Hunh, TX Bc Liu) P:Th l gia sc c nhiu u th: khng n lng thc ca ngi, khe, pht trin nhanh, sn phm li c gi tr tiu dng v xut khu. Th thuc b gm nhm (Rodentia), trn th gii c rt nhiu ging nh: Th trng khng l Bauxcat v Flandra (Php) trng lng 6,5 6,8 kg, Th trng Belie (Php), Th trng Nga (ln v nh), Th Tn Ty Lan trng, Th California (M), Th Chinchila (Anh) Ring ti Vit Nam, hin nay khng cn ging th thun, phn ln b lai tp, ch c 3 ging chnh l: th trng Tn Ty Lan - Vit Nam (nhp t Hungari (1978)), th xm Vit Nam, th en Vit Nam. Ngi nui th cn lu th l loi gia sc nhy cm vi cc tc nhn ngoi cnh; kh nng thch ng vi mi trng mi ca c th cng rt km. V vy khi thay i t ngt ni nui nht, thc n, thi tit kh hu u d lm th mc bnh hoc cht t ngt do s mt cn bng sinh hc trong c th. Kch thc lng nui th 40 50 cm x 90 cm x 60 cm, lm bng vt liu d kim, r tin nh tre na hoc st thp. Lng c t ni thong mt, khng kh lu thng, sch s. Khng nn t chung th ni () nui heo, g .. v d ngt ngt v hi thi. Chn ging: Khi chn ging lu cc chi tit sau: T l th thai t trn 70%, phi ging c 8 ln v c 5 6 la trong 1 nm. S con s sinh sng sau 15 gi phi t 6 con tr ln. T l nui sng t s sinh n cai sa (30 35 ngy) phi trn 80%. Loi thi ging khi cc ch tiu sinh sn km, lp li 2 3 ln v mc bnh tt lu ngy khng khi, th lc gy yu. Thc n: Thc n th xanh: th n c rt nhiu loi l cy v qu c. Tuy nhin, vn v sinh thc n cn c lu : thc n th xanh cn ra sch bng nc ging hoc nc my. Cc loi c qu nn ct thnh ming nh, khoai ty nn luc chn ( phng cht c khi c khoai ty mc mm). Bnh thng gp th Bnh chng hi y bng, au bng a chy, vim rut truyn nhim, cu trng, vim mi, t huyt trng, t cu trng, vim tuyn sa, vim nm v, gh, nm da, bi lit, cm nng, vim kt mc mt. Khai thc: Ngoi vic n tht, lng l da th l sn phm rt c gi tr. Khi nui th ly da, ngi nui th cn ch n k thut lt da, thuc da nng cao hiu qu ca vic chn nui. Bn c th xem thm k thut nui th trang trc chng ti tr li HI:S dng vitamin cho heo tht nh th no?


P:Vic chch nga vitamin A, D, E cho heo tht c tc dng kch thch sinh trng v tng trng. V vitamin A, D, E l 3 loi vitamin c tc dng kch thch tng hp cc t bo cho c th, to xng v pht trin bp. Chch nga vitamin A, D, E heo s hng ho, lng mt da, mau ln, chng ci cc, x lng hay tiu chy heo con... Tuy nhin, nu chch nga khng ng liu s phn tc dng lm cho heo km n, ci cc, chm ln... Bi v tha vitamin A lm cho gan b ph, tit dch v km gy bing n; tha vitamin D lm tng calci huyt, lm mm xng gy bi lit; tha vitamin E s hn ch qu trnh sinh sn ca heo. V vy, nu dng Premix sinh t c ADE trn vo thc n theo t l quy nh th khng c chch b sung vitamin A, D, E. Ch nn chch vitamin A, D, E cho heo khng c b sung Premix sinh t hoc c b sung nhng khng thng xuyn. Vi nhng loi vitamin A, D, E dng chch hin nay ang s dng trong th y, loi 1ml vitamin A c 500.000UI, D c 75.000UI, E c 50UI, c th chch cho heo theo quy trnh sau: Thng th nht trng lng t 15-25kg chch 0,5ml/con. - Thng th 2 trng lng t 25-40kg chch 0,5ml/con. - Thng th 3 trng lng t 40-60kg chch 1ml/con. - Thng th 4 trng lng t 60-80 chch 1ml/con. - Thng th 5 trng lng t 80-100kg chch 1ml/con. HI:Nh cc anh ch t vn: 1. Nh c ao rng 100m2. 2. C th nui loi c no: + d nui, d tiu th, hiu qu kinh t chp nhn c. 3. Gia nh ang c nh nui c chp, tri, trm ... nu c th nh cc Anh, ch t vn gip v gi theo a ch [email protected]. Xin cm n (Chu Vinh - Bc Giang) P:Din tich ao 100m2 qa nh nn ch nui c c r phi t 200 -250 con/100m2,c th nui thm vi con c chp v c tri. Nu nui c trm th d b bnh v din tch ao qu nh. Nhng nu chuyn sang nui ch th cng c. HI:Gia nh ti nui hn mt chc con d ly sa. Hin nay c mt con b hin tng bu v sng to, 4- 5 ngy bu v sng ty , by gi tm bm. Sa tit ra c mu vng c, ln nhng vt mu , mi sa hi. Ly tay bp nh vo bu v thy cng, d m t ra rt au, giy mnh, d b n. Nm ngoi trong n c mt con cng b nh vy, chng ti ly khn nng chm bu v cho d th khi, ln ny cng lm nh vy nhng khng khi. Xin hi l bnh g v cch phng cha. Bi Th D (Ho Bnh) P:T cu hi ca bn, chng ti c th khng nh, con d nh bn b mc bnh vim v do nhim cc t cu khun v lin cu khun. Nm trc bn cha bng cch chm khn nng khi v lc d mi b nh. Hin nay con d ca bn b mc bnh nng hn. Vic lm by gi, bn cn b sa khng dng, khng cho d con b sa ny v c nguy c ly nhim sang d con. Nguyn nhn ca bnh c th do chung tri km v sinh; thao tc vt sa khng ng k thut, tc ng c hc mnh vo v d, lm tn thng bn trong tin ti b vim nhim, hoc c th do bu v d b c st vo vt cng trong chung hay khi chn th, sau b nhim vi khun gy bnh. Vi bnh ny, c th phng v cha tr nh sau. Phng bnh: Chung nui cn c v sinh sch s thng xuyn, kh ro, thong; trc khi vt sa cn dng khn sch lau kh bu v, nm v, vt sa ng k thut, kim tra loi b cc vt cng c kh nng gy sy st bu v d trong chung nui. i vi nhng con d sp hay ang tit sa khng nn chn th trnh sy st bu v. Cha tr: C th dng cao tan thuc nam dn vo ch sng vim, mi ngy thay mt ln. Hng ngy vt b sa trong bu v 3 ln, chm bng nc nng. B nng dng khng sinh tetracycline tim vo sa qua ca m ca nm v. (Ban T vn KHKT)


HI:Ti mun lp 1 tri nui b ly tht H.Bnh Chnh TP HCM. Xin cho hi ti c th mua b con u? Gi mua khong bao nhiu ? Xin cm n (Tran Chi Cuong - Q.7 -TP HCM) P:V TP HCM nn bn c th tham kho gi v mua b ti - ng L Hong Tng c ng qun 1, TPHCM v ang l ch mt trang tri x Minh c, huyn Bnh Long, tnh Bnh Phc. Hin ng ang thc hin lai ghp, to ra nhng ging b mi c cht lng cao cung cp cho cc trung tm ging nhiu tnh. HI:Ti mun m trang tri nui th, xin cho bit ni cung cp th ging cht lng cao, nui tng trng nhanh, mn v k thut nui ra sao? Ti nghe ni co ging th lai ca c, vy nu c xin cho bit a ch bn ging. Chn thnh cm n.(L Vn Duyn - Phng M Long - Long Xuyn - An Giang) P:Nui th th ch cn vi trm ngn, thc n d kim, a s tn dng rau xanh, lng thc trong nh, chi ph cho chung tri, thuc phng bnh, cng chm sc cng khng cao. n th ni ging lai c rt mn . Sau khi "vt cn" 2 - 3 ngy th m li i "c", n c th va nui con mn, va mang thai. Chn ging: Trc ht phi chn lc con ging t cc c s ging tt v n nh: - Th ging phi c tnh dc hng hi, nhanh nhn, lng bng v nhiu, to con, di n, ngc su v n, lng rng, mng, i n nang, khng ng huyt... - T l th thai trn 70%, phi ging 8 ln v c 5-6 la/nm, mi la 6-7 con. - T l nui sng t s sinh n cai sa trn 80% (mi la cai sa trn 5-6 con), thch nghi tt, kho mnh, khng bnh tt, tng trng nhanh (bnh qun 30gr/con/ngy)... Phi ging: c s nhn ging thng phm, cho con ci phi ging 2 ln vi 2 con c khc nhau, c tr phi trc, c gi phi sau, cch nhau khong 4-6 gi. c s nhn ging thun chng, phi lp li vi mt con c, cch nhau 4-6 gi. Phi bt th ci ng dc n chung th c, nu lm ngc li th th c khng chu phi hoc phi nhng kt qu khng cao. Th hay c hin tng cha gi, chm sinh v v sinh: Khi th ng dc, nu c nhng tc nhn lm hng phn... u kch thch trng rng, hnh thnh qu trnh iu tit hooc-mon c quan sinh dc ci, cn tr k ng dc tip theo v th ci biu hin nh cha tht. Mun bit c th cha tht hay cha gi th phi khm thai, sau khi phi ging 12 ngy. Trng hp chm sinh v v sinh, lu ngy khng ng dc hoc phi ging nhiu ln m khng c thai, c rt nhiu nguyn nhn: Th c, cha thnh thc v tnh dc, gi yu hay bnh tt... tnh dc km - Th ci, c quan sinh dc b bnh v t cung, bung trng, ri lon ni tit (hooc-mon)... - Thc n km dinh dng nht l m, khong v sinh t... hoc do khu phn thc n qu n iu, th mp qu hay m qu... - Nui dng km, cht chi, nng nc, m thp, ti tm, ma tt gi la. Tt c u nh hng n kh nng sinh sn ca th, nu do mi trng hoc chm sc nui dng c th khc phc c, cn nu do bnh tt th nn loi thi sm. Chung nui v : Chung nui: Phi bo m thng thong, sch s, mt m v ma h, m p v ma ng, trnh ma tt, gi la, qut dn v sinh d dng, cch xa chung heo, chung g. Qui cch chung ph hp nht l khi hp ch nht, di 90cm, rng 60cm, cao 50cm, c th chia lm 2 ngn, mi ngn c khay li ng thc n th xanh, mng ng thc n tinh, mng ng nc cho th, kch thc va phi, bo m v sinh v khng h hao. Mi ngn nui 5- 6 con th tht, 2 con hu b hoc 1 con sinh sn. Chung c th lm 1 tng hoc 2 tng, 1 tng th np m mt trn, 2 tng th ca m pha trc, di y tng trn phi c khay hng phn.


: Kch thc va phi, di 50cm, rng 35cm, cao 20cm, mt trn c np y, mt na c nh, mt na lm ca cho th ra vo. 1- 2 ngy trc khi th m vo nh lng bng trn vi lt chun b . Cho nn, phi t vo chung khi th mang thai c 27-28 ngy v ly ra khi th con trn 20 ngy(KS. ng Tnh) -a ch mua th ging: Tri ging ca B Nng nghip & Pht trin Nng thn (Sn Ty - H Ty) Bn c th tm mua th ging lai c ti Trung tm Nghin cu Ging d v th (a ch: Th x Sn ty, H ty Tel: 034 838 341, Fax: 034 838 889) . HI:Xin cho bit mua ging nhm u? Cch nui nh th no? (Phm Huy nh - p Ni Voi, x Ni Voi, huyn Tnh Bin,An Giang) P:Nhm l loi vt d nui, t dch bnh, yu cu v chm sc, nui dng cng rt n gin. Chung nui Chung nui nhm nn lm na sng na ti, khng cn nh sng trc tip, trnh ma tt v nng nng, bo m kh sch, thong mt. Nn v sn chung lm bng b tng dy 8-10cm, nghing khong 3-4%, thot nc v nhm khng o hang chui ra... Xung quanh khu chung ro bng li thp B40, cao trn 1,5m. Nn lm hang gi cho nhm bng loi ng cng phi 50-60cm hoc tn un cong, ni trn nn chung v sinh, st trng... Mng ung rng khong 20-25cm, cao 20-25cm, nhm khng a i vo v xy mng ngoi sn nc vung vi ra khng lm bn, t nn chung. Trong chung nn mt vi khc g, st hoc lim nhm mi rng v khng cn ph chung. Din tch chung nui nhm khng cn rng lm, trung bnh 1m2/con. Thc n Thc n ca nhm rt a dng nh: d cy, mm cy, rau, c, qu ngt bi, ng, cht... Bnh thng nhm n 2kg thc n/con/ngy. Nhng khi nhm cn b sung thm thc n tinh nhiu cht m, cht bo, cht bt, ng... nhm con mau ln, nhm m mt sc, v va phi tit sa nui con va mang thai. Thc n cho nhm cn b sung thm mm, r cy cc loi, nhm c s phi ging hng hn. Khu phn thc n c bn hng ngy cho mi con nhm theo tng giai on: - 1-3 thng tui: Cho n mi con/ngy: 0,3kg rau, c, qu cc loi, 0,01kg cm vin hn hp, 0,01kg la, bp, u cc loi. - T 4-6 thng tui: 0,6kg rau qu c, 0,02kg cm vin hn hp, 0,02kg la bp u, 0,01kg kh du, da, lc. - T 7-9 thng tui: 1,2kg rau qu c, 0,04kg cm vin hn hp, 0,04kg la bp u, 0,02kg kh du da lc. - T 10-12 thng tui: 2kg rau qu c, 0,08kg cm vin hn hp, 0,08kg la bp u, 0,04kg kh du da lc. Nc ung Nhm n rau, qu, c nn t ung nc, nhng cng phi c nc sch cho nhm ung t do, trung bnh 1 lt/5 con/ngy. Nhm thng ung nc vo bui sng v bui tra. Nhm khng thch tm t mnh, nu b t nhm s rng mnh v vy lng lin tc s khng tt. Phng bnh Nhm thng t b dch bnh. Mt s bnh thng thng c th gp nh: - Bnh k sinh trng ngoi da: Do ve, m cn gy nn gh l, ta c th dng thuc bi hoc nhm t lim cng khi. phng bnh ny, nn v sinh st trng chung v xung quanh chung mi thng 1-2 ln. - Bnh ng rut: Do khu phn thc n cung cp khng y nh ngoi thin nhin, nhm c th b tiu chy. Trng hp ny, c th dng thuc tr tiu chy hoc b sung thm thc n ng cht nh i xanh, c rt, r cau, r da... phng bnh tiu chy, nn cn i khu phn thc n y cho nhm. Khng nn cho nhm n cc loi thc n bn thu, m mc, hi thi... Bn c th tm hiu thm v mua ging nhng a ch sau: 1. B Nguyn Th B, p 2, x Bnh M, huyn C Chi, TP.HCM. Hin ang c bn gi khong 100.000-150.000 /kg. 2. . Nm Chu, 8A, u C, phng 14, qun Tn Bnh, TP.HCM. T: 8.426459 3. . ng Qu, 124 Camelt, phng Nguyn Thi Bnh, qun 1, TP.HCM. T: 8.213757 4. . Phm Ngc Tun, p Bn nh, x Nhun c, huyn C Chi, TP.HCM. T: 8.928164 5. ng L Duy, huyn Bnh Chnh. T: 087650901. 6. ng Nguyn Vn Phc, 215/B, KP1, P. Hip Bnh Phc, Q.Th c, TPHCM. T: 8977602.


HI:Chng ti l nng dn x Hm Ph, Hm Tr, huyn Hm Thun Bc (Bnh Thun) nui nhiu b ni lai sind, tm vc to (khong 220 300kg). Chng ti c nh lai to b hng sa, nhng cha bit nhng tiu chun no chn b ni nn tt lai to c b sa? ngh qu bo cho bit cc tiu chun ch yu (i din cho nhiu h nng dn: L Th Ha, x Hm Tr) P:Trc ht b phi t c trng lng t 220kg tr ln. Cn c vo ngoi hnh: Nn nhn bng mt thng khi con b ang n c trn bi chn th hoc b ang i li t nhin trn sn chung (khng nhn t th nm). B ni tt l c thn hnh tam gic (hnh nm) do thn sau pht trin hn thn trc, u thanh nh, mm, mi to, c di va phi, sn n, ngc su, hng rng (d ), vai, lng khng vng v rng dn v pha xng chu, mng phng rng v di. Bn chn khe, chn sau thp hn chn trc, bu v pht trin, cc nm v to, u. Tnh mch v (gn sa) to, di, c nhiu np gp khc, bu v mm mi khng cng. Cn c vo sn lng sa: Yu t ny tng i chnh xc, khi b , b con trc tip vt sa, ong m xem kh nng cho sa ca b trong mt ngy, mt thng v mt chu k (cht lng sa cha c iu kin kim tra), ty theo ging b, la m cho lng sa khc nhau. Trong qu trnh la chn c th c nhng b khng p nhng li cho sn lng sa cao v ngc li? V vy mt b lai sind la u cho t 3-5kg l chn c. Thng thng b la th nht cho t 210-240 ngy mt chu k, la th 2 t 270-300 ngy mt chu k La th nht c sn lng sa t hn la th 2, 3 v gim dn khi nhiu (khi khng cn kh nng sinh sn b b loi thi). Cn c vo kh nng sinh trng: xc nh trng lng ngi ta dng cn i gia sc cn, c 3 thng gim nh mt ln. Trong iu kin nng thn khng c cn th b con c th o vng ngc (vng ngc l chu vi mt ct ng sau khp b vai) v o di thn cho (l chiu di t mm xng gu n im tn cng ca xng chu). Tnh theo cng thc (vng ngc)2 x di thn cho x 90 cho ra trng lng, tuy vy c sai s (+) (-) t 2 4kg). Cn c vo l lch (gia ph): Cch chn ny ch ph hp vi cc c s chn nui quc doanh, cc trang tri ln Ngi ta theo di cc th h t i ng b b m nh gi theo ngun gc ca b sa hay cy ko, tht. iu kin nng thn kh thc hin phng php ny. B con theo di ghi chp tng con b qua cc th h l lch cng vi cc tiu chun nu trn, tt yu s chn c b ni tt phi tinh b sa, to ra b hng sa. (Trung tm Khuyn nng Quc gia)

HI:Gia nh ti c 40 con b, va qua c 1 con i n v t nhin thy bng c phnh to rt nhanh. Ti khng bit bnh g, v xa c quan th y nn ti nh b tay. Sau 1 gi con b kh th v ln ra cht. Xin qu bo cho bit bnh g? Cch iu tr nh th no? (V Trng Khi, Hm Tr, Hm Thun Bc, Bnh Thun) P:Vi triu chng ng nu th con b nh ng mc bnh chng hi d c. y l cn bnh thng gp b, xy ra nhiu x trong huyn Hm Thun Bc. Nguyn nhn: Vo ma kh, b ch n rm, c kh, thiu thc n xanh nn h thng tiu ha, sc khe gim. c bit h vi sinh vt trong d c cha thch ng vi cc thc n khc. u ma ma, c pht trin, b n nhiu nhng sc tiu ha km, khng thch hp vi h vi sinh vt trong d c dn n tiu chy, ri lon h thng tiu ha gy ra cc phn ng ln men,


sinh hi nhiu gy chng hi d c. Ngoi ra b chng hi v mc mt s bnh khc nh: Vim nhim rut, d mi kh, dn n gim nhu ng d c, hi t d c chm thot ra ngoi. B b vim hu, hng sng khng nhai c thc n tn ng lu ln men sinh hi gy ra chng hi d c. Triu chng: B ang n bnh thng hay

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