ym qdmru keunisb?uu

u r ~ ~ q i n l ~ i u u ~ Jnilnwnqriifiqiuaiuirn$q=:

1. ~^sviom~iu~in'qnacniruocnir7Yhni~~in~e~r~ulki

2. ~ i h ~ n ~ ? i u h m n d i 4 a ~ global perspectives ~ h ~ c a i u ~ u u

3. u o n A ' n w u n o c m ~ i u ~ ~ m n d i c ' ~ ~ o c w ' u ~ Q m r ~ ~ i c n i ~

4, o3wodi ruq lmr l~~ap ld ic~ 4.r~~i~flud~uu&r'~lew'u~~mrni~~il~j;n1fi

5. LL&JUduU~~lut t~ndl tae9 multinational, transnational LLaz borderless organizations

6. uan iumaudaer in i rqz~~a~~u~uoi ic~rz~~pl~k i

7. o3uiudu'3aatlbuu~rrugi~ -a "

8. uon~'nmziwuanuan~~a~u^snililiuumn'cd \

9. oluiudcd~iniu~~nnir~do~bir'u~ounuiub~~~~iciudicdrz~~pl

n i a - n i s d $ a i n ~ i u i n u r ~ ~ ~ m n i s

~ n i a n i r a i u h ~ a n 16~ckatrintkc1udLLaz~n'niq~an u f i ~ ~ d J t z a n 4 u d i t n i r

a i u ~ ~ u u d c a o n ~ d k u i u i ~ i ' i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f l u ~ i c ~ ~ a n d i ~ r ' ~ ~ ~ n n i ~ ~ v i i ' L m ~ n n l i u q i c u h

uicn~~k~?mfi~iu~iolqqinngr=:~~oua~cF~ui~.ng~noriiu~z~~ifi~~ic?'wJusrru & 4 J ~ u ~ i ~ ~ ~ i ~ f i u ~ m ~ n ~ r ~ q ~ i ~ q u ~ d ~ z a ~ n ~ i u d i f i q rdu Pan Yaping

~ r c c i u ~ m ~ i u n r r u aoc Pan The Xingtehao Industrial Corporation I & ~ d d o u h ~ a c

7inQwBm aoemnuoic?un^s~laluin nmiqn u i ~ f l u u ~ ~ u 8 m ~ n ~ a c l ~ v J ~ i ~ ~ n ' i 100 P i u

a ~~ceiuCI ~i j '~ lc~4uc1f ~L~~IUPIL~~.IUBOPU~~R a s i n w i u d i u w~m~uli i ,

nira~u~nclunirl~~n"soc~anirdrzna~~~icl~fli ~ d a d t a i u m a i n s l i c ~ d ~ ~ a n w8m~i'or6

q i n t r e c i u d d u c ~ i uazlocciudic~aac Pan ~ n ! i ~ u m R 1 i ~ F u a i u ~ ~ i m d i c d r u " ~ ~ ~

lorLowiradic:c q l r d qdnrdi'lulfli ~ ~ ~ e e o o n r i i k n i u l u d i u lfiuld ~fi$ocaifm A d

L L Y ~ L ~ D I ~ n m c ~ n d u L L P I L L ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ ~ U J U U A ' ~ ~ u d i d ~ f l u d ~ u u d c ~ o ~ t u d i i ~ ~ n u a i ~ ' ~ ~ ~ l i l d

dcaiouandrz~vnlu

GM 203 n7s&oua>7su~zn7su5"~7sqsn'~ 77

' I L , n v ~~fld1mn1nq~odqzi1ii1~~~au~w~ad1ttmt1~ nd Pan kha.~tiiraulun7ralu LLRL.

ua~n1n1tr41'lWlupln1mfiaF~~~u?n1 Idu~flsqEurin~oEq#~;U'11~~d"11~~Qn7rn Pan lri

d i a t n ~ o d i p l a ~ ~ l a r l ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ t rainqnzf~r\ofint r~sqr iun~or~ot nauulu inrw~,Jiiq

uaz~t~nnkun~ta'op~usrsu riaudqznnnoap.~u3u&l k ~ ~ r ~ t f l u Pan & a q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ hatnlo ~w"aqzn'~ilulqad1t'111~~a1rnlun1o~nmn~macu3n1

I

no4 The Xingtehao Industrial Corporation b~fili l~lfl~duj~ n'l?:l!fl?a.~~~lfiu9~~

2. Y%%I Bic Pen Lfhd~~td~~~lr lPl

r u d 3. uranntdu~4ise.r bmiu Haagen Daz odludtzam

a. WQ~CU b. Cqnqw d. allu r u d

4. Lfde.r~nf~'fl J RCA u?a&uufann

a. dk~ f l a b. avi'uirni c. ui~at!iu d. \Ei~?u r u d

5. u fWl~t f lu t~ lae4 Green Giaht Vegetables

a. avigo~u3.ni b. u ~ u i n i c. fiinqw d. $mi5

6. 1'613~4 %tudAuam Godiva t o

a. ~ ~ i j o u i o n i b. a ? ~ c. tutso5ttau6 d. a%nu r u d

7. u r m n w ~ n Vaseline

a. d h n ~ i b. tldt~fi~hau6 C. L O B ~ ~ U d. a(rfja~u3ni

8. Wrangler w?~qindfzrnn

a. allu ' b.lhttTu c, ajnqw d,. avi jo~u3ni r u d

9. u~ann~f lud iao t I f4u~u Holiday Inns iidirin.riul~q,i dd~zLnn

a. aiqiioitz~iiu b. dktnfi c. R V ~ ~ Q L U ~ ~ I d. &nqa r u 4-0

lo. $ 1 8 ~ Tropicana td~ ih i~ f l4 Inu ufan~u~i~n.nu~M~odn"df::Lnfl

a .~dn?Pn b. LL~UI~~I c. ~a?jetu'oni d. &U

(1 c-2d-3b-4a-5c-6a-7b-8d-9d-1 Ob)

~zuuuvi iu~due~i4\f f i i4 viiutiju~"selsiii ~ U F I U ~ ~ U I L I ~ L O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ T U dq3w?in r " d koufrnngiu~do~~udf::~nnotu?ni

t~s~duniomon~itltzLfiutduan'unirt41~~~iiquiuiaii i i lu~uU* pmisitoiuda d d-i d d ~ ? W Y M ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u n u o i u l ~ ~ ~ ~ v u . r ~ " s ~ ~ i n n ~ i ~ i n d i . r t l o z ~ n n q::t14ulWdi u3Sh

Y r u dd aejiutduKawuuran~u3udii ma~nrtm~m~irtn~~ud~tmndi.~n'u

deu'iGw

iqriiucwua nr Exxon

Colgate-Palmolive

Manpower

Mobil

Coca-Cola

Pharmacia & Upjohn

Avon Products

Digital Equipment 64.8

Gillette 63.1

Unisys 63.1

IBM 61.3

Citicorp ' I / 60.6

Crown Cork & Seal 60.1 J nu1 : "Buying Amer'can, " ~oibes, July 28, 1997, pp. 218-2d /

kusim~u~tznuilnaimaufiu lunitnriurh ~ln~rritriu d$~luqjdvuudniai6tnq~lu

ftt itvu ,huoru'sFu'ln.ji niaiojnqa tDuniair~v~d~rDuniaini~~r7i9 a r z b i \

~irflu&t8uuni wdu i I

Ils

J ftlt~fI%InlWIL#fPd ~fluwauiqinnlonnuo~u~n'u~~u parochialism Rqiu8n J Jd-4 4

LLRY uo.~I~nImmum~~q ~~~ou~ununu~n~~rn~~n:n~~ i~~~u; IL~rnnr~ l~ . j R?WSIILG~LL~UUUU

:flsgdattn aopQTmniosuioriu i r r a o c r d d ~ ~ ~ u ~ l u ~ n n nuiuiudinqiu~hkdt:~wfi

dltallue:nqiuumndiaaacn~~im ~T~nq5oiu'sfiu ~oun!q~:~~niimdszmu~w~iiLLnz J dmar!di.raiR uarRmKunqiu8mu aoa~oiflni~nuau~ ucii$fiun~dduLiridi? lqunu

A w u k l d y uuot~zuqn y r ~ l n i m i q q : ~ d o n i o p ~ i ~ ~ ~ i ~ d t : ~ ~ f l (<mnitaiqq:~n'nu~'iodi.~'Lm d J od?snuqlualuuuu f o ethnocentric ($6;ilImul~tzinfirid) polycentric (%~ITGIL~~~:LMPIII

'llJ nqqu) geocentric ( ~ n i u n l tm~nn%rii) mio~t&~6raa~doz~f iud im'~11o . j

bunidud~:uuu uip)Kulflfi:~~am

Ethnocentric Polycentric Geocentric

-fnma$iqIdq~bu -n?iufnsounqu -hmNdm~?silrl kihn

-mqu tmn~#nm -I~Funio~Cuayu~inS'~uifi -Fnaw)mhadSm

T q b 6 I

( f ~ ~ q d r ~ y ~ ~ f i ~ e i ~ j . , ~ ae.ris.je.r'iuufl:t:n'u

Inn

J Ethnocentric Attitude idunttnu:~~uuparochialism ~ ~ R ~ l ~ L ~ ~ ~ l ? ~ n l o

JdJ 0i d b 11 jn.riunplnqm h~~fluaoqdrzinnuri ( ~ l o z i n n r s u a i ~ n c l u ~ v ~ k ~ o ~ ) ganisdri

~ ~ U ~ t o ~ b i ~ n ~ o d m u m ~ ~ m d i ~ d q n ~ u n ~ t d ~ f i a ~ u ~a:a7qq:i intr~n~/abi1u(i lu~4~~

uarnit~iia4ludr:~~ndldn4~ 1.416

Polycentric Attitude ~ u n ~ ~ P l ~ : d d o d l ~ < n n ~ t ~ u d t m n ~ ~ ~ f i ~ u ( d t : ~ n l i d ~ d d nqu) q:FZn~dguw.j~unau~:~u~qn

d d h.jdt:eniu w n d ~ a ~ ~ n : : ~ f l u ~ o a . r o ? n ~ ~ : : ~ ~ ~ l q &;u ~4mn1o~rrd1$q:dd'~]ulfi~~daz 3 dd- w w w ddd munuant:: bgqmn~r~.ji;udoni~n~4nmMqm~un~t$7.j7u bo~aoanotnuzi! ;a uda: ~ i o t d u ~ ~ u ~ o o ~ : ~ i n n ; u ~ a r i ~ . j n ~ ~ . r a ~ ~ u l u n ~ t u ' r u ~ t n ~ t a m t$1'mn1tbrrd1&:$8n~nriu

d 1i~l:iq?u~2t~u1nnj1(u?rr~rd~1q1ndtr~nfiau uenqind d t r s ~ n ~ ~ 4 ~ d ~ u q z l u ' n ~ r nriunyu~~u'n~r4~.j4~unufio.j6u k ~ i l u i i a n ~ t d d t " r l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ' n i ~ ~ a i i o " d ~ l S ; i i n ~ o d ~ . j ~ u &bouinn;u lmu~cla1:K7atlin1rd~t'i~'~]FjIurra1~;1r:~nfi n1t~15iau,a4~1u~flun1tI#

n~wa~ntd~r i idrran~n~w~~n: i t :~nb~n qmhu ~~un~fuln$.prfiaiim~dr::a.jn'w~n

~ ~ a ~ ~ i n l ~ ~ a 1 d 1 n ' ~ l u n 1 t i 1 ~ ~ u ~ 1 u m 1 u ~ r r u ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ . j 6 u

d Geocentric Attitude L~M~9~fl~:nua.ja.j629~ T~u~#anlG'$n~rd ~ I I ? . J I M L I ~ : : F ~ U

wnhn~tn'n (<mnirdiiartnu::uuud ~u.i1~fludarpi16~dm"~4ua4lut:n'~~an &lu dtznn~dua:ds:nfi~Yifi7~ da.rrrejnaa:n1om'lil3ulqdd1n'~r?io~uo.jq1ni"sn~td j u ?

' dlrd r r d Q ~ U uamunnnqm lmalribia.j61u~otnu1 aan n a ( < ~ n i n : i i n ? i u h k h n ~ w n u i i k u ddd a r r t )a~ io lc )~ t :n~ f i~~n~~n: :~m9~t :a . r~~ ' i ] . r6 ~iu~to~6jon~1tnmnq~Aiv1r'un1ti1~1u

A d d r w u~n~owuiuiud.prilntt~[u::~~~~ud iftflu#adaeciitrrut ma ~f lunitu~nwy~nn~tqzi i

nmnu~m~~~~3n~rrd#uuuda3~~ur!pIte3n~~rj.nu' (The Changing Global Environment) J w r c2 ' d . r ~ l ~ ~ r i r 1 r 9 * r ~ ~ a i ~ 7 ~ ri 'un~r~dduuiidn.rlu~~f~ni~?'muu tadin'rydigu

1. w'ufl~n~m%nlrhllWJ~n?m (Regional Trading Alliances)

2. oan 'n l r i i l l u~an7~~@d (Global Organizations)

1. n ' u s ~ ~ l r n i ~ n i s ~ i ~ u ~ ~ b \ i ~ (Regional Trading Alliances)

l u o ~ m h n ~ r u r i a ~ u qzo~ lu tzB iudrzm~~r r iod~z i~~ du n u f l o u i t n ~ ri'u & ~ u

suniw$hd The European Union (EU)

bfiniulu LRau qunln'u8 r 992 ilotinnluqIo2) 12 2)tzad lb+ . r~n . ru~udu

&y y19"1wh lufi~%'q~tyl Maastricht iqu European Union (EU) l w u d i ~ u ~ u & E w dr::r~nsr'~unun.riluni~ 380 h u ~ u ,in LUAL~UU U U N I ~ ~ ddainn n7pa l o k ~ a u 6

Baili A'naiiuafn iuiaaiuu4i Woq~nn nidu a i r n ~ o ~ n r ~ s ' n t iiaz ruorJtb uaz lu rl 2) ~ 1 . d I 995 . \ & i l n ~ t ~ # ~ i w Z n 3 ~ ~ ~ L M P I EEI oanim% ,3ui~nu6' L L ~ Z n;j~mu

r-iob$qzriim EU r~alat l l tz~nf i i jn~ru i . r%u unziislriuvl1.rn1t6111~lan;t~w~~ d r

n l t i i n i i uX iun ia Lauqpliryu u l ~ u l u bin:: n ~ r ~ ~ m t o a q m f i i i r n ~ r r ] l u d ~ z ~ m n i i d lu

ilq.117~ EU ii~Raama~mXoq ~u'iinirud.ruunauar~Z i n 1 r 4 i t n u n l r q ~ y u un::$~

n~t f i~ iqur i 'u n ? r i ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ i t z i r i ~ ~ d r : : i n ~ ~ i I b f i z ~ a n lnulm"nrz~iwiGu~~~uuiAu~ 1 r l w ~fl ivuiuqaqrro.r EU ~ouam~1qnn1nt~Aa3n'u ~ ~ n z ~ ~ l u u i u g m n ~ r n o t ~ ~ i ~ z n ~ r h i i ~ u

birudaditduln51 Gunr)~~Zu~iurau~w~rnai.r adl.rlsiimlb ~.rmBo~Mn~13nira1uSip

~ ~ t ~ i ~ i l u ~ ~ i i u q ~ ~ u n ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ o c i i s d u ~.rlia.riinioiqrt1~naa7uoo~~iw"o~zAdljuaqa 'ad

b8u?-yTo ii~uuil ' lrri l2002 m r u ' p l r i b ~ z ~ u ~ & z i a u d ~ ~ ~ q ~ ~ ~ ~ n l ~ ' 1 u r ~ : u z ~ ~ n 1 6 izou

~irtw~n6uiuuon6iil~ri~"nm EU ~arh.rd~u~rn~rtrr iq$un'~qmfi~trntouao.r

nrr~~awinliLa::dqu n~tdusianltzmn~~~.r#o~mn'uri'u~'~fizn'u d i l rY l r i f i~u~snf l~a~tb i

. , , .

84 GM 203 n ~ r & a u ~ n ~ ~ u ~ c n i ~ u f n i ' ~ q ~ n ' ~

~ ~ n m Y i ~ ~ a w ~ r n b ~ a ~or th ~merfcan F= ~rade WA) Y A

#amnail NAFTA ~An(nru~xla 21 iSd~uina 1992 lnu 3 d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f i i w n ' u "m aCn7fn

nc l f~o~u3n i ua:: vmuinl wain4siigu~1nm ~qufiut.~ 363 hum ~ n r q i i s y n r i ~

u i n n i i 7 &iu&iuruiucynu?~

NAFTA liuiiwa$ilLLti I unrinu 1994 un~ i i nd~~na? iqd i r5un i r~ i~n? iiaw'r%

n18 nioaooyryimri i~i o inr luniudsnnfi NAFTA l6 fun ls jq i~o i l~~z~uauz lu~9n i

~"mu?n'sd mu~~um"?un'Ynis~r; i~?iudi6~aa~d~zfu"11~tzu~ui91inni t f l~ i i l~1u nirw'm1.1~7 d

m ~ q m U A L ~ I ? L ~ U U I ~ ~ I U R I ~ U L B ~ ~ ~ ~ d o h i u ~ ~ u d i n~tn~iumn~dluda~u~dn~fiu

~l]un~tdi~iupt~~muo~u'rfiu~~az~i' Idmu~~~~n'u~i~il iu ~ l n a ~ f n ~ ' i t n n n ~ a u n ~ ~ i l < i

aininL#uuaz9uzw'aLiuu ~iim.pinuimogiuudau~~u(nro~f~~ia~u"n;d~n ,

$ ~ 1 ~ ~ d ~ 9 1 1 9 1 1 ~ b ~ b%l%~~EiEin b%?Id7;

i ~ s 4 o c i f o r d S o l l Y r a r t m m v ) w w m - ,/ Iuaumm ~oriiu burawl:: r a ~ i i u h ~ o o n ~ l u i l ~ k z n ~ i u t d u ~ i i n i n d n i t /

~q?~dutmnia~iwgAqq4npn q ~ n i ~ h ~ n ~ m ~ i u d i r i r y n i ~ ~ i u ~ f i r w 5 [ A ~ ~ ~ a z n i r ~ ~ o qu /

niuitnud~%ulIKfi~~ NAFTA u+az EU &$u ASEAN ii 10 ~ T E L ~ I T lbiori u$u ZulniiAu

ullRL&~ ~ B u T I u ~ 34FlTdf IMII ~ B ) I U ~ N L ~ U U ~ I / h ~ a l LLR'IRI'Y ASEAN %h3Inir d

~q?a~iu~mnid~nrwj^nq~aau 7.6 % lug 1997 ~ a d ~ J r a i n t ~ i ; O U 500 &iumu L L A P ~ R ~ I

GM 203 n ~ m ~ o u ~ n 7 s u ~ : n 1 ~ u ? n 7 5 q ~ f i ~ 85 /

/

nicm~wg^n~$ou 1 h u d i ? u d u ~ a u ~ ~ l u ~ 2 o o o L ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I u I ~ Y I I ~ L R ~ w ~ ^ ~ ~ ' u Q u Q ~ ~ I R

d l u m a r o m r i l d i l ~ * n n ~ r d a c ~ a z ~ g u i a I ' s u ~ n i s ~ r n ~ o q z k ~ TAFTA d tqzrauk EU

UBZNAFTA ~ $ l h u f i ~ d l J

n q m o ' 0 i d i n ' c y n i ~ d o z ? " n ~ i ~ n 4 ~ ~ a ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ i i ~ ~ n ~ u ~ ] n i o ~ " I u ~ ~ ~ " 1 1 u nqqzdd wa i

nrsnudanit~mn~tluat6nio0zn'ulanlioniondaantfiu~iu ~ d o f i i 1 ntnginu 1997 . w 2 w ~~fidiw~noaurrozeiaqin~u~nio~uut~~aiu~on~~u~bi~li)~~u uduJuaudi ~ u q z ~ f l u

~ ~ ~ t ~ k n d i r n i t r ~ ~ i i q d d i 6 ~ l u a u i n n

2. Q J A * ~ ~ ? L L U U ~ ~ ~ ? ? " A ' ~ (Global Organizations)

udtaot-1~0~ 3 d o z m k t P " d

2.1 A Multinational Corporation (MNC) . ~ ? ~ n $ i ~ a i f i Ra u m n a t i i i ~ i h q ~ i i q d

- i orulitdorrnnuinniiuutd~::~~nlv~aai~~~an'u usiu'ouirciu~n~~dtl~~~ei $lua~ddrzmflLLd (home country) h~rclnd~~91uuuaZmLLuu Ethnocentric

9 . 4 i o 2.2 A Transnational Corporation (TNC) u~~nnsr n'uhn ;a usannmi~~uqr'iq d rru?'itdor~nR~inn?'iuutdor~nfl~u~aai~~uan'~ u d n o r q ~ o b i u i q a b i h

\ c m 1 n i r ~ ~ u 1 q l ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ n a 6 a ~ 6 u d i i ~ ~ u q t i i ~ o f tuamtbuun ta aZpiuTuu

Polycentrid , "9- 2

2.3 Borderless Organization lot 6f l lS~LTu ulfw 3~ L L ~ LBUQQ 6f119t ::6uhnn\d - \

~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ a o u ~ a m ~ n i w n i t ~ ~ p l i ~ m f a a t u d a r d s t . ~ n a ~ t ~ n t . r ~ ~ ~ . t n i t n io P W C 1

u ~ u l n Z f l u L L u u 1 ~ n l n 9 ~ ~ ~ t ~ t : g ~ I a n h%xtuaft G~UUU Geocentric ,

Y ll?lh a~Nd6 ~ t $ t l h ~ a : ~ ~ ~ n a M i t

.iuu~mfiNn~~dirdr::LnfluiktL~~lp1nao9~1~9 dlinnlafsl u o ~ m o ~ ~taialliii.rdo::mn

n i a ~ t t t n l u d k ~ n r l u f l i 9 o 8 d a d 1920 dSnrh.m yir3~aa4 naAnaiu~Buu,9Sn4iu

a i ' i inqrmni t f l 1960 Multinational Corporations (MNC) u s n ~ n 6 i u r i ~ n a i u ~ 0 i . 4 d a t P U J s n u n i MNC ~ u 7 u 8 t uonnnat~u$r'iq~u~a\~d~::~nwu"rauinndi u d ~ i u o d h d t z ~ n n ~ d

uar~Rulmbinn~rviin~oiiidiad~::~nvln MNC dKnwruz~Cunirnauq~qindo:~nnuli ii rinunauvu ethnocentric ~ u n i 9 ~ n i o q ~ q a a u o t 6 r l i o

d Y dd" ~uantr~r~1&nifiTmrdc~u~nau U~iimtd~~uuoqrinitnu~nann~iluac6nito:vii.r Y 1jo:~nfluinau !a Transnational Corporations (TNC) naiz l6 i~~qni t~mn1t~ud1ad~=:~~$I

lri2Kuiqinnitnauquqindt z i n ~ f ~ r i n l T ~ f l a ~ h ~ u a ~ f i ~ ~ ~ ~ l f ' ~ ~ ~ " ' E ] ~ M " ~ i ~ n u ~ i e t d u

uiuTirmitlulrdnzdsrinn w8mfim$v7anmqn8niom~imiiluldmiuimuattuh~du

(~+~unRuuu polycentric) unKqociitidrr Y i l iMiu~f id i;qt3q71qadh&n ~ J u ~ T l j n a i ~ i r

dlvqjdqnh& n i id [~m~i~9~d?~a~dF791~4~3~~ ld iu" in '~ {u3hn ~.r~.!u h q b d iu~Gid

aiu3u&id~riaiuluaiu?ni $aniRuaiuTni cr?aadiqu31?~1 dlmid u?linciauaa.rK!u~

fiu Dorito ~ u & n ~ a n ' u ' o ~ a i ~ a n z d a u w f l ~ ~ ~ i m n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ u a i ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ : : i i ~ u ~ m ~

u i . r i n b q j l i ~ n : u ' ~ a r ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ n i i u u ~ ~ ~ 6 i n ' . j d ~ u d P ~ f n o ~ r ~ ~ ~ n ~ o ~ ~ n ~ f ~ d ~ f l ~ n a 2 uinau iouni i Borderless Organization ~ ~ ~ u ? ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ I ~ $ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ z ~ ' Y ~ E J ~ ~ ~ u ' I . ~ " M ~ T P I M : :

geocentric unhadiq IBM u n ~ ~ n ~ s l ~ ~ ~ i . r ~ . r n ' n i ~ M " ~ i u ~ ~ ' ~ u d o = : i ~ ~ ~ ~ u n ~ o i i i d u n ~ j u

qmriunoou 14 n4u Glinvlak ~zi~u~wunnirw~1mtoni'iuaiu~n'u1in:iai;du Brist 4 Myen i d ~ u u d u ~ ~ u n i w i u l u l i i i ~ d o : : i ~ ~ a a : : a ~ . r ~ ~ ~ u " T v ~ ~ ~ i r a u ~ d r ~ u h ~ a n du\\

4 Bufferin Excedrin n i t m n ~ u $ q ~ borderless organization ~i0uRaiunaiuiuYoqaq~nio~

q::i~udrz3n~niwi~i=:d~z3~Zwnluni~~id.~u'~lumni~1~an

uu'ii$u7vino~uTlinhuaiRIdiiq:G~d~~uu MNC. TNC $Q Borderless 4

organization fimiu i a a i i n i ~ v i i g o ~ ~ ~ u d i ~ d r ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ u K n ~ m z i f l u g ~ ' i ~ ~ i u a i ^ m $u iusdw

Y R ~ U R ~ U U ~ Y I U ~ ~ B ~ U ~ ~ I R U B ~ N ? ~ ' M 'BUY American" amd~11161 auhisii.saiRd~u

Y Y

adihviinio~iobi?uad$ ifluiduiidw5mluatdni~'.~ibu idu oogninlu daiulmcluilin

Komatsu ~.n~uu?&ri)~uh.4 tJ$mIuFg Illinois k ~ t ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ i ( t ~ ~ ~ n ' ~ ~ a ~ u ~ ~ ~ l ~ d ~ ' ~ ] -" d

John Deere ~l$mlmuu?¶!h"Y Hitachi ludtrmn[i;llu w ~ n 4 l u ~ 1 ~ a ~ t n l m a $ ~ u ~ t . 1 ~ 1 ~ 0 ( ~

Mercedes Benz lIdi!!a4 Vance Alabama ~lnltw$olt"rda/B1~d9 Mercedes unz

B ~ C P I M ~ C Sony d.oiu\uoku"Tniw5id.u Californis d~u~u i rm lnw inu lb Zenith 4 4

lu lnaatdozanud~ lri~luirouanldidn~ia~d41~~~1Iudf~LMp1tuu"ra!d a~qqzcrsm

~ u d t z ~ ~ f l d u f l ~ u?~yIadl4L.du Hoescht Toyata UAI: Siemens ~14~ l ( in4 lu l l l l l lw ' \d~~ - " d ~ # ~ u ~ d ~ a ~ u i i l r u t a n n e ~ ~ u d r z ~ n f l f l v ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ n ~ ~ u a n d z ~ ~ s q f i u^s&e$~~ Coca-Cola

' d dd Exxon EDS LLRZ Citicorp ~ ~ W ~ ~ ~ I U U I I U ~ R M ~ ~ ~ M ~ I Q ~ i i & n K ~ C u ~ i n n d l q i ~ "ltr' 2 u s a ~ i f ~ h d k i ? s l ~ \ r ~ ~ B ~ ~ ? n ' ~ " v?a "Buy American" ~ B B I ~ ~ ~ L V I W ~ ~ L L W P A ? I ~ ? ~ ~ ~ ~ I & I B ~ ~ L L ~ ~

L E ~ U U ~ ~ R Q I ~ A ~ ~ ~ J J L ~ R P , ~on~ri i iqni t~an~uniqzt ldcuqm~oui in i tLdiuuudaP

~~RQV~L~RI~'~~U~~'~~Y'M

e~A'n~sqznia't\ & rl aun 1 : Passive Response ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 1 0 9 ~ ~ ~ ~ n l t ~ n'nn'um'q ~a.~\ddnlr1?1q5'?q

rzvi14drz~nnlmun1odtaon3ul1~1azu'on1taaau'olin a4tduuudqzirsn.jlL~u

passive stepo dtu'ninqz~rnqiu~duali L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ T M I ~ W ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ I U W ~ ! J I U I U I M ~ I ~ I d 4 e

mi~muinCn qzdlda~u~~~1un'do~uo~rn7k4~a3ufi1q1npl1~d9z~yI~r~~u ?~nlodlau?; -PI PI d

utnu~zqatnuqnqthdtzmn mail-order l f i n ~ t f i ~ q t i i q t: rl A run 2 : hHial Overt Entry ~ u ~ % ~ ~ t ! ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d u u ~ n ~ u ~ u n i t c f q z ' ~ ~ u ~ u b ~ ~ ~ u

d l 4 d t ~ ~ f l f i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ 0 t 4 4 l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d l 4 d t ~ L ~ f l k ~ ~ P ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ l t ~ l L ~ ~ J l ~ ~ ~ ~ Iun l t

6iwrina1uaoadY'n ~#~~di1~~uqti i~~ud14df=:r~fl~nsmt4 h l i ~ u n ~ t a i a r z s z d 2 d 9: ncin~iuao~u~~~#1~dwu~nki7d1~d~zr~fl 'Iu~~~uu business trip dl$

d run 3 : Establlshed International Opemtions ~ ~ ? M ~ ~ ~ P I ~ ~ U ~ ~ Z ~ Q ~ I ~ L L ~ ~ L L ~ M 7 8 d

~:vi1qtEqlmulZ(rn~iur61n'ryn'uma1nsi14dtr~nfi ( u T v ~ o a ~ u ~ o n d ~ d a a a j n ~ i ~ l l d i l u - w d d

~RIUT ?a ~dualupaavl% (License) d a h d n ~ u (Franchise) ' L $ i r ~ ~ ~ a ~ a u ~ ~ l % a ~ ' f ' l u d d rlr d a h rn~1u1aB v~a2luli laaqui~n aaasn1nrszI#inniruqrE';1~14bi1u01 inamtnr ua::

Fastfood rdu Gah8n nnlrhuatv]uo1qa~lu@~e4'iqn1t4quki7 (Joint ventures) $a

Y'.r3vllud1~d~z~nn~~azn1~lud~z~~flo1z~~uv]un'Mlun1tw'~uiiSiludi1lud U?Q&W

d ~r t4 lu~~r i~u~ndrZL~f lvuJ d4u l4~m~zbund ln l tL~~w'~a i jmt (Strategic Alliances) fi

2 16 n l 9 $ ~ ~ n ' ~ d l g t ' n ~ ~ ' ; 1 ~ . d 3 ~ ~ ~ ~ ' i [ i l ~ 3 7 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ k ~ ~ d 0 ~ ~ ~ ~ u l n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ f i l ~ ~ ' i ~ ~ : ~ V I d l ~

d t znn dalnd1n1o31qtEq6ilum'q~~~~4u~i1w'4 f i q i l e d ~ . r d u ~ d u l l i ~ i f ~ $"no n l t v i ~

q ~ i i q f ~ u 8 u t z ~ d 1 ~ British Airways rh American Airlines t z ~ d l 4 Polaroid flu Minolta

dr, 4

LLR: Nestle 6u General mills drmiqnJiicl iianimgutaiosinilu'I~~au~un~fu'ynw'u

~ l n d Q ~ d ~ ~ ~ n l f 7 ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ M d ~ U ~ ~ ~ i ~ d f : L M ~ (Foreign Subsidiary) d4D1~L$UlU21~

u3~n#iumiR (MNC - Domestic Controi) lininf:Ku&n (TNC - Foreign Control a ? ~

e a A ' n i s r ~ u u \ ~ ~ s N ~ '(Borderless Organization - Global Control)

$144 I iut 2 iud 3

Passive Response Initial Overt Entry stablished International Operations

(nltrioiJ~li?uJlul~pi74dS=:L~1~1)

89 (The Economic Environmeng

t~mnir~urz6uqiinin (Global Manager) cnliuf du9fiunliu6a.~w"lds"lu~iu

w Y p n 3W6 4anf3 fl d~M743mdJSdffTTU (The Cultural Environment) d J ~ f l u r s e ~ ~ n u a n Y y n a i ~ ~ ~ m n p i i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? ' ~ u ~ s s u ~ a ~ ~ ~ d a z d ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ 5mu.ssturlszmaiA

C Y L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ s ~ L M P I ~ M ~ ~ u ~ " u ~ ~ H u P I u ~~a~r~uo?ariicru~nq~nosu

wrnaiu~nduiia~ Greet Hofstede l&Ginirilnwi~<uwud~ ~uso~uaaaai ' i i i~n~w~

siori~Puuucrz~qmnRao~n~nsiuadituin ?~\di~oua~ru~fin~6nL#~lulun?iuvmnd7r - Y J ~ ~ V ~ I ~ ~ ~ U T ~ " ~ ' U ' U Q ~ ~ ' ~ ~ W4ld

flwmau (Individualism) VS n ~ ~ I p f l t 3 (Collectivism) ~fluni?! mueinnisqllra

w~dtzlarldaumuu~a=:~sa~ms'~ m~ITu~iun'unimim~5~~~11'inIun~uqz

ql~~a~~azdnilatmrilR 8n~~t.fl~aLu3rnfr~h Individualism Piit R U ~ I Q B ~ dau d

nu~a~?!uqz~gu~~uu collectivism sz~~u~uvata~nor:

do.riw~adhu39 (Power Distance) ~ ~ l u n i ~ d f i n u o a u ~ u u n a i ~ ~ ~ ~ v i i ~ ~ u u ~ u

J nwukra odna3u bhtiuou (Uncertainty Avoidance) ;a szhaa~ui m OJIU

mq~musssud~ nnaqzf i~u7ononnu~an~~u~du.r ~ ~ a z n ~ ~ n o s u d ~ i ~ ~ l u

p.l uuulhurilvlu

I

r)w~vv$?m (Quality of Life or Femininity) VS ~ ~ P E U J ( o u a n h of Life or 1

Masculinity) k p i i s u ~ a d i ~ o u n i t ~ t n u d o a m h i i ~ ~ m q ~ ~ u v ~ n d?uqmniw

ilipl~td"u~uwirsniwuazn'1~a~s~uiiun'u~u nlsiiuiia$ratkhu

n~iu~mnd~tni th iu~~uattu~~t '1113m' i t~ dgu?violriniulsod~u~kb;l~u

iwusnuJul~t i~suni i culture shock ~dumiufln8unu Wtju~mo mukan iw i .kdh t

d h ~ d ~ U ~ ~ d l ~ ~ l n L ~ ~ . J ~ ~ ~ ~ w . l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d rrl ~ s n ~ t ~ f i f i ~ i u ~ ~ u ~ n i o u ~ ~ ~ s a i u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~~mndi4ad i tu in~1nn i t~" rv i t~ iu

M ~ z m n s v i j o G n i nqaa z 3t~;flq~nnis~lan?3nisd ~ ~ ~ M I ~ ~ I S I J " ~ M ' P S L L ~ ~ ( ~ ; ~ ] u i

1~szqM#n'uu?f iaat~~u3fu~ ia~?~

1 ~ P ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ l ~ M l t ~ l ~ 1 J ~ ~ l 3 ~ b i ~ n ~ l ~ d b ~ ~ d f E L ~ ~ 0 l l t n'ir L L u ? ~ ~ ~ ~ h 6 1 ~ 1 4 * J aucnu in~1 tn i~u3a i t~a~~mnd i t~ I I~~u3~~6ou uazu3livlsz~.iiadtr:tvp1 KqaZii~ ~ d u

4 4 luu7lindiadoztnn n i t l i t uwuqzii~ulnsiiuaaamnialu&tan nit imaarinirkaf l

tns t r~ i ruuud l f l&$~~an XiuniFihnu~#ir i i r iu nisu3~itqnnaq~diai~iialau~aaiu d

aaahfanuiolu~iu d~unit~nGi~ui~l~attun~~mndi~fiui(9~Wa~diu~8qi5nn umzlv

d o c n ~ t ~ ~ u ~ u f i ~ i r - l l i a ~ n i s d u n n ~ ~ ~ n i r ~ d u ~ariiaun~u:Poani+~uL~~fa:~~s~,Lvin /i ~ l ~ f l ~ b i ~ t ~ 1 l ~ ~ l & l ~ L d ~ n Y I d

~ I ? Y ? # T P ~ ~ ~ u Y ~ $ U Y (Comparative Management) ~ ~ u n i s A n w i u n z ~ ~ n s ~ z f i

n i t u ~ r r i t ~ u n n i ~ n i o ~ d u m n ~ i a f i u i m r ~ v ~ w f i d a i i s n i s l ~ u a n t i i t w ~ n i s ~ j f i t i ud

d~afiulur~dfizdtzan n i s u ~ a ~ ~ n i t ~ n i ~ ~ f l u d ? u d t : : n a u ~ ~ i m ' ~ rdautrq$anqiu & ~r3ry t i iu Imni ra~t t j i i "~ wy~unianioQni t (~~y~n~~uAf i , nrllr j , nazuiTnnlo) qc

~ i lu l I ImiuvKna~n~ u r i 6 u 3 i u # c i i u ~ ~ u m n d ~ a n ' i d o r l ~ ~ u i n l u l ~ ~ u d a a i a t

n~sp;n~od~qtbietdfimad~~l~ ~dd i l r l l f l udsz .~mnd~a~ ~ v d i t u OI c. n7s63u Y scnsqsiisM"a1an

dl# r unuivacltn y u n l i t q t ' i q d f i u " n ~ ~ d r t : : ~ n ~ d ~ ~ a ~ ~ d i k ~ ? ~ d i r k y ~ ~ n ' u ~ t ~ u

kflTWfiWdWIk4~B ~ Y ? ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L L ~ Q ~ ~ ~ O ~ Y U ~ # A ~ ~ L I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' ~ ~ ~ ~ U ~ ' ~ ' P I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U L ~ ~ ~

Knaoccv?io 4 t ~ z ~ i i u ~ ~ ~ i u i ~ i u i ~ ~ [ s l a ~ i i n i u ~ v ~ i d ~ ~

92 GM 203

t- k L,

.I d o u h . r ~ i u a e ~ n ~ t u ' ~ u i f l ~ . ~ ~ a ~ q z ~ i ~ d ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ o i ' s u n " u i iazvinuz~~dq::

d ~ i f i u q u d q u l u d n a z a ~ n u a m n ~ u i i ~ q l u ~ o ' n q d b i u i u a ~ a i q q r r i i w ~ ~ r u i ~ a d i ~

u~ui~~oii~au?~aul~dduinndiddulu~an sdiclon'miu.d"u~ailinorir dornnluqlod , w

9.19 C~UUR q t i i ~ ~ u i m ~ 6 n i ~ a ~ ~ u 1 m n a i ~ ~ n i o d g ~ w ~ a u o u i n n d i u n ~ i n ~ i ~ ~ o ~ ~ ; j m ~ ~

qiuaaqgoiiqauin~8nluau?~ u a r u n u i n ~ u ~ n ' i ~ ~ q ~ q ~ ~ u ~ l i l ~ u ~ ~ i ~ ~ o ~ k . ~ u u n lu&$

r i i i ~ ~ ~ ~ q ~ i i ~ a u i n ~ ~ n ~ u q ~ o ~ g n ~ ~ ~ u u ~ ~ ~ a ~ n i o ~ i ~ ~ u ~ o i i ~ ~ u i u n i i d g ~ ~ a u i r n ~ n q z .I i;~woknqrodociiamuinJn ua iu 7 go i i~ i% i~n i t~d~~u funP judor~nnn~rm~ iuaon

ringoiiqluppni~iai4tldiorlofii j l~ ~ c i i f i d i a ~ ~ ~ ~ i a ~ n ~ ~ n ~ i u i ~ p i r y a o . ~ d ~ ~ i i a = : ~ u d ~ u d

i6n 7 l u ~o~?aqzwiu i lb io in ~ i d u q a i t y h u u n i a a i i y'u?aitqtiiqfiiSqjqiOaqIu Y qan~AdLaufiu t ima i~ luuc iuAuIa t j iu ~ u ~ a i o p t q q ~ d o ~ ~ i ; i g ~ ~ m ~ u u 7 q i n n i o ~

i ad airn'u aqtdubirPiudn 7 lu r ra iu 7 dtrinn rini<~s'ul~o-~iiudi~"goiiqquim ~ n l u $ u

~S:UICL~ 20.8 &IMFIM ~ u ? u i s ~ o i i ~ ~ ~ d ~ i n ~ i i i i ~ n o o u ~ u ~ n ~ ~ n i m k ~ ~ ~ n

r ingoi iq iq tan~~eantozuu~ ~ ~ n i r ~ u d i u 3 o u ~ u v ~ o ~ ~ ~ d q inn io i l na iwu i i

rinqoiiqluuaiu 7 dozinn GpJiiuuiimnsii~nir l u n i t d o z a u n ~ i u d i a ? u ~ ' i ] ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ i

K~'lacii.r~nuiowizw'nqo?q~'i]3a 6un ios 'nn ioo~ f in ioua-n i f .~~ i .~~ i~ud i i~ .~nnh qo?q&a

dozaiau aa:rii~Sugoiiqmiunt:u~unioinni~lu~i&~uu~u LYUIA~IIII?~L~/U

~l iuayunoru~un1~<nniopo' i~ i~arni t<mo~6nio~~a:nio~i~i~wu n is r i i ~18m~m6$u' d a o i # o ~ a a t o i u ? h A u i qtiiqfiudozaiau a a z n i m i u u ~ ~ z n i m a i n nis<noa6ni tiiaz

nioqiqlrcru rinqoiiqkni; i 8ud ip l q i u thua4~aoaw~nn iaddn i t d~~dedoza iau

nio&ludl r ~ i l u i u a - , n i t q i ~ ~ ~ w u uird~uitocii~1unit~uud~~am~121"~~u aiqqz~?iuiu

l~maiwuatou~aainu~iu~a.~uiu1'1113 aa~dtzmnn'iq 7 q c u w i e u q ~ ~ d h ~ ~ u ~ ~ s d n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o j

d Y 9 UY

o;lm'ni~qrwna\~k4ioriialr a;ransia?niwm~iu~flu5ar,uqzd~uan'y~iu~lmou 4 d &P

h h n uuucljuniohaulqaduunu~1uao~u~nni~K~~8anwcinciur~uan'rwaLu

dozauniod~iaz$agnC[)1~a.~u?h 'n~no:u~un1~.3nniokql~n miuoiunisl\rmiriq 4-6

~ ~ u r r P i n ~ n n r ~ i w i z u a i u 7 o c i ~ a d q ~ n ~ i i l u ~ l f l m u ~ ; ~ ~ n ~ o k a C a n ~ ~ n oaa~rnp~u a u 3

djnqa imu in i d h n r ir?liiau6 aazieila l u n i t~m3ulq ~ m ~ a n w r i n c i u k q h n a h \,

I

/ OM 203 01r&~Pin7runrmruinlrqtin'~ 93

odiqrrh3.1 uiarnrnuoaUiqmdozniu~~~iuau~q~~~~~du 1 uar~~duhlmn uaz NBA iiigc

d i f i ~ i n r n u & ~ ~ u ~ a u 1 ~ # 3 1 ~ n rrinoiulnr~nnuludr~r~n?udi f luul~r tndu$iu

?mublqh diwaudqz~h~a "Red Oxen" 9lnriia.I Chicago Ruinuirrrfluu~~inrdu3n'u~riiq

~iuu~lm?iqnL?&n uardckryryinmiwrnundnio~.ra'uui~~~ynrruynr~~.j lunisRnPian'u

j C i NBA a i u i f o a i ~ ~ u a y ~ i m ~ u n i ~ d ~ & ~ ~ i ~ n i ~ n i u u ~ n d r = : r ~ f l a ~ f ~ o ~ u ^ o n i U uinnii 500 hurulery~ui~ nuf ie~u~idr~u BnuiRr uiluuia~ d~imuaraum nir

~dduu~nu~i i f l in iu ludr= :~n~Id~~r7 iq~drz~un~~u~1~i~k~~an ld iac i ic uflmrwiflu d d l d ~rncnuimcuinrnedrz3n^sni~~~az~~1u~i~~rnra~ni~u3uirnir~~nirrzuii;1dr~~n PI

d \ d ~ ~ f i d i qzf!au~nufidinu 1 rnc U.S. mv(siuiuqzfii~~drzKufan ~ ~ 4 ~ 4 1 a . i i d auinuii~~~m~aun~rraun~iudi~"sqqu~fluduau~u'~urz~u~~u~~u NBA miit rdu auinu

~muoauiuiri~ilkon4~~nm'3 Ruinu European base World Football 11.~3 1991 ad

uk~ inn iqnd t t . n iun~ iu~u1~ ~ 3 i ~ ~ f l ~ ' l ~ f i f l l ~ m ~ ~ f l ~ ~ ~ f f d ~ L ~ ~ d t ~ L ~ f l ~ ~ ~ ~ d a u