7/27/2019 Nirmal Bharath Aby

1/3

BACKGROUND

Individual Health and hygiene is largely dependent on adequate availability of drinking water and propersanitation.Thereis,therefore,adirectrelationshipbetweenwater,sanitationandhealth.Consumptionofunsafe

drinkingwater,improperdisposalofhumanexcreta,improperenvironmentalsanitationandlackofpersonaland

foodhygienehavebeenmajorcausesofmanydiseases indevelopingcountries. India isnoexceptiontothis.

Government started theCentralRural Sanitation Programme (CRSP) in 1986primarilywith theobjectiveof

improvingthequalityoflifeoftheruralpeopleandalsotoprovideprivacyanddignitytowomen.

The conceptof sanitationwasexpanded to includepersonalhygiene,home sanitation, safewater, garbagedisposal,excretadisposalandwastewaterdisposal.Withthisbroaderconceptofsanitation,CRSPadopteda

demanddrivenapproachwiththenameTotalSanitationCampaign(TSC)witheffectfrom1999.Therevised

approach emphasized more on Information, Education and Communication (IEC), Human Resource

Development,CapacityDevelopmentactivitiestoincreaseawarenessamongtheruralpeopleandgenerationof

demandforsanitaryfacilities.Thisenhancedpeoplescapacitytochooseappropriateoptionsthroughalternate

delivery mechanisms as per their economic condition. The Programme was implemented with focus on

communityledandpeoplecenteredinitiatives.FinancialincentiveswereprovidedtoBelowPovertyLine(BPL)

households for construction and usage of individual household latrines (IHHL) in recognition of their

achievements. Assistance was also extended for construction of school toilet units, Anganwadi toilets and

CommunitySanitary

Complexes

(CSC)

apart

from

undertaking

activities

under

Solid

and

Liquid

Waste

Management(SLWM).

TogiveafilliptotheTSC,GovernmentofIndiaalso launchedtheNirmalGramPuraskar(NGP)thatsoughttorecognisetheachievementsandeffortsmadeinensuringfullsanitationcoverage.Theawardgainedimmense

popularityandcontributedeffectivelyinbringingaboutamovementinthecommunityforattainingtheNirmal

Statustherebysignificantlyaddingtotheachievementsmadeforincreasingthesanitationcoverageintherural

areasofthecountry.

EncouragedbythesuccessofNGP,theTSCisbeingrenamedasNirmalBharatAbhiyan(NBA).Theobjectiveistoaccelerate thesanitationcoverage in the ruralareassoas tocomprehensivelycover the ruralcommunity

throughrenewedstrategiesandsaturationapproach.NirmalBharatAbhiyan(NBA)envisagescoveringtheentire

communityforsaturatedoutcomeswithaviewtocreateNirmalGramPanchayatswithfollowingpriorities:

o ProvisionofIndividualHouseholdLatrine(IHHL)ofbothBelowPovertyLine(BPL)andIdentifiedAbovePovertyLine(APL)householdswithinaGramPanchayat(GP).

o GramPanchayatswhereallhabitationshaveaccesstowatertobetakenup.PrioritymaybegiventoGramPanchayatshavingfunctionalpipedwatersupply.

o ProvisionofsanitationfacilitiesinGovernmentSchoolsandAnganwadisinGovernmentbuildingswithintheseGPs.

o SolidandLiquidWasteManagement(SLWM)forproposedandexistingNirmalGrams.o ExtensivecapacitybuildingofthestakeholderslikePanchayatiRajInstitutions(PRIs),VillageWaterand

SanitationCommittees(VWSCs)andfieldfunctionariesforsustainablesanitation.

o AppropriateconvergencewithMNREGSwithunskilledmandaysandskilledmandays.

7/27/2019 Nirmal Bharath Aby

2/3

OBJECTIVES:

ThemainobjectivesoftheNBAareasunder:

Bringaboutanimprovementinthegeneralqualityoflifeintheruralareas. Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision ofNirmal Bharat by 2022with all gram

PanchayatsinthecountryattainingNirmalstatus.

Motivate

communities

and

Panchayati

Raj

Institutions

promoting

sustainable

sanitation

facilities

throughawarenesscreationandhealtheducation.

TocovertheremainingschoolsnotcoveredunderSarvaShikshaAbhiyan(SSA)andAnganwadiCentresintheruralareaswithpropersanitationfacilitiesandundertakeproactivepromotionofhygieneeducationandsanitary

habitsamongstudents.

Encouragecosteffectiveandappropriatetechnologiesforecologicallysafeandsustainablesanitation. Developcommunitymanagedenvironmentalsanitationsystemsfocusingonsolid&liquidwastemanagement

foroverallcleanlinessintheruralareas.

STRATEGY:

ThestrategyistotransformruralIndiaintoNirmalBharatbyadoptingthe'communityled'and'peoplecentered'strategiesandcommunitysaturationapproach.A"demanddrivenapproach"istobecontinuedwithemphasis

on awareness creation and demand generation for sanitary facilities in houses, schools and for cleaner

environment.Alternatedeliverymechanismswouldbeadoptedtomeetthecommunityneeds.Theprovisionof

incentivesforindividualhouseholdlatrineunitstothepoorestofthepoorhouseholdshasbeenwidenedtocover

theotherneedyhouseholdstoosoastoattaincommunityoutcomes.AvailabilityofwaterintheGramPanchayat

shallbeanimportantfactorforsustainingsanitationfacilitiescreated.RuralSchoolSanitationremainsamajor

componentandanentrypointforwideracceptanceofsanitationbytheruralpeople.Widertechnologyoptions

arebeing

provided

to

meet

the

customer

preferences

and

location

specific

needs.

Intensive

IEC

Campaign

is

the

cornerstoneoftheprogrammeinvolvingPanchayatiRajInstitutions,Cooperatives,ASHA,Anganwadiworkers,

WomenGroups,SelfHelpGroups,NGOsetc.Aroadmapforengagementofcorporatehousesisbeingintroduced.

Moretransparentsysteminvolvingsocialauditandactivepeoplesparticipationintheimplementationprocess

ofNBAisbeingintroduced.ConvergencewithMNREGSshallalsobeimportanttofacilitatetheruralhouseholds

withfundavailabilityforcreatingtheirownsanitationfacilities.

IMPLEMENTATION:

TheGuidelinesofNBAandtheprovisionshereunderareapplicablewitheffectfrom01.04.2012.ImplementationofNBAisproposedwithGramPanchayatasthebaseunit.Aprojectproposalthatemanatesfromadistrictis

scrutinizedandconsolidatedbytheStateGovernmentandtransmittedtotheGovernmentofIndia(Ministryof

DrinkingWaterandSanitation)asaStatePlan.NBAistobeimplementedinphaseswithstartupactivities.Funds

aretobemadeavailableforpreliminaryIECwork.Thephysicalimplementationgetsorientedtowardssatisfying

thefeltneeds,whereinindividualhouseholdschoosefromamenuofoptionsfortheirhouseholdlatrines.The

builtin flexibility in the menu of options gives the poor and the disadvantaged families opportunity for

subsequentupgradationdependingupontheirrequirementsandfinancialposition.Inthecampaignapproach,

asynergisticinteractionbetweentheGovernmentagenciesandotherstakeholdersisessential.Tobringabout

thedesiredbehaviouralchangesforrelevantsanitarypractices,intensiveIECandadvocacy,withparticipationof

NGOs/PanchayatiRajInstitutions/resourceorganizationsisenvisaged.

7/27/2019 Nirmal Bharath Aby

3/3

NBAwillbe implementedwithadistrictas theproject.TheStates/UTsareexpected toprepare/reviseNBAProjectsforallthedistricts,consolidateatStatelevelasStatePlanandsubmitbeforetheGovernmentofIndia.

COMPONENTSOFNBA

StartUpActivities

IEC

Activities

CapacityBuilding ConstructionofIndividualHouseholdLatrines RuralSanitaryMartsandProductionCenters ProvisionofRevolvingFundintheDistrict CommunitySanitaryComplex InstitutionalToilets SchoolandAnganwaditoilets SolidandLiquidWasteManagement MaintenanceoffacilitiescreatedunderNBA AdministrativeCharges