NitroEurope IP

The nitrogen cycle and its influence on the European greenhouse gas balance

6th FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME PRIORITY 6.3 - GLOBAL CHANGE AND ECOSYSTEMS

Context: Resource and delivery

The Resources NEU, COST 729, ESF NinE, … Cluster: European Transboundary Nitrogen Activity (ETNA)

Delivery target audiences European Commission International Conventions: WGs and negotiations International Nitrogen Initiative (INI): European Nitrogen Centre (ENC) Education and local stakeholders

Multi-pollutant interactions for nitrogenNitrous oxide

(N2O)

Abatement may swap one pollutant for another in the nitrogen cascade

Further NO & N2O

Nitrate instreamwaters

NH4NO3

in precipitation

Ammonia(NH3)

Nitric oxide(NO)

Nitrate leachingNO3

-

UNEP / SCOPE / IGBPInternational

Nitrogen Initiative (INI)

COST ActionAtmosphere-Biosphere& multiple N strategies

IGBP - iLEAPS

NitroEurope IPESF Project

European NitrogenManagement

Research SynthesisModel harmonization &source-receptor links

Primary ResearchMeasurement & modelling

at multiple scales

Projects

Core Role

MainDeliverables

Methods, datasets, process understanding, models, maps, trends

verification, uncertainty

InternationalUsers

Refined parameterization, integrated assessmentand analysis of Kyoto-Gothenburg synergies

EMEP/WMO Task Force on

Measurement & Modelling

ENC and Analysisof links between multiple

N forms and impacts

Synthesis of synergies& recommendations

for Integrated Nitrogen Management

Input to underpin Convention negotiations

FCCC, CLRTAP & others

Ongoing Activities ETNA Cluster

UNFCCC: IPCC and Monitoring Mechanism

European Commission and National Parties

Other EU research projects

National research activities

CarboEurope IP

UNEP / SCOPE / IGBPInternational

Nitrogen Initiative (INI)

COST ActionAtmosphere-Biosphere& multiple N strategies

IGBP - iLEAPS

NitroEurope IPESF Project

European NitrogenManagement

Research SynthesisModel harmonization &source-receptor links

Primary ResearchMeasurement & modelling

at multiple scales

Projects

Core Role

MainDeliverables

Methods, datasets, process understanding, models, maps, trends

verification, uncertainty

InternationalUsers

Refined parameterization, integrated assessmentand analysis of Kyoto-Gothenburg synergies

EMEP/WMO Task Force on

Measurement & Modelling

ENC and Analysisof links between multiple

N forms and impacts

Synthesis of synergies& recommendations

for Integrated Nitrogen Management

Input to underpin Convention negotiations

FCCC, CLRTAP & others

Ongoing Activities ETNA Cluster

UNFCCC: IPCC and Monitoring Mechanism

European Commission and National Parties

Other EU research projects

National research activities

CarboEurope IP

UNEP CBDSEBI 2010

NitroEurope IP

What is the effect of reactive nitrogen supply on the direction and magnitude of net greenhouse gas budgets for Europe?

To what extent would a more-integrated management of the N-cycle and its interactions with the C-cycle have potential to reduce greenhouse gas and Nr emissions simultaneously?

Effect of N on GHG balance:

Positive effect Unclear Negative effect

N2O (inc. 2’ sources) Cattle CH4 C uptake in plants

CH4 wetlands SOM decomposition

The NitroEurope IP

C7. Standards and Data Management C9: NEU Training C8. NEU Management C10: NEU Dissemination

C 3 NEU Plot Scale

ModellingC2 NEU Ecosystem

Manipulation

C1 NEU

Flux Network

C 4NEU Landscape

Analysis

C 5 NEU European

Integration

C 6 NEU Verification

Other EU & nationalactivities, including

CarboEurope IP

C 3 NEU Plot Scale

ModellingC2 NEU Ecosystem

Manipulation

C1 NEU

Flux Network

C2 NEU Ecosystem

Manipulation

C1 NEU

Flux Network

C 4NEU Landscape

Analysis

C 5 NEU European

Integration

C 4NEU Landscape

Analysis

C 5 NEU European

Integration

C 6 NEU Verification

Other EU & nationalactivities, including

CarboEurope IP

6 core science components …

… plus 4 supporting components

A8.2External

Advisory GroupStakeholders

C 8NEU Management

IP Coordinator

C 1 NEU

Flux NetworkSutton, UK

A1.3 NEU Advanced Network:Fluxes, pools & budgets

Sutton, UK

A1.1 Advanced N flux

measurement methods Nemitz, UK

A1.2 Long-term N flux

methods & applicationPilegaard, DK

A.1.4 Plant & soil pools,

processes & interactionsCotrufo, IT

A.1.5 Inferential N fluxes and C interactions

Sutton, UK

C 2 NEU EcosystemManipulation

Beier, DK

A2.1 Forest change

(inc. afforestation)Gundersen, DK

A2.2 Arable change

(inc. drainage &abandonment)

Rees, UK

A2.4 Grassland change

(inc grazing interactions)Soussana, FR

A2.3 Shrubland change

(& natural wetlands)Beier, DK

A2.5 Manipulation Synthesis

Beier, DK

A10.4ESF N Assessment

Bleeker, NL

A10.3 COST Atmos-Biosphere& multiple N strategies

Erisman, NL

A10.5Input to EC,

FCCC & CLRTAPSeufert, JRC, I.

A10.2IGBP - iLEAPS

Nemitz, UK / Vesala FI

Figure 4.4. NitroEurope IP: Science and management structure

A8.4General AssemblyAll NEU Partners

A8.5Review & Assessment

SSC, EAG &Internal Advisory Group

A8.3Financial & Contract

ManagementCoordinator + partners

A10.1 Innovation Highlights

& NEU PortalCEH, Sutton, UK

A8.1Science Management

Scientific Steering Committee

C 5 NEU European

Integrationde Vries, NL

A5.1 GIS-based assembly

of input dataLeip, JRC, IT

A5.2 Deriving past, present

& future scenariosVeldkamp, NL

A5.3 Developmt. of integratedmulti-component model

Kros, NL

A5.4 Application of European-scale ecosystem models

P. Smith, UK

A5.5 Application of the multi-

component modelObersteiner, IIASA, AT

C 10 NEU Dissemination

IP Secretariat

C 7NEU Standards and Data Management

IP Secretariat

A9.1Summer SchoolsZechmeister, AT,

Rees, UK

A7.3, A7.4NEU Data Centres & TF Data Managementde Rudder, BADC, UK

A.7.1 TF Common

measurement protocolsBeier, DK

A7.2TF Common

modelling protocolsde Vries, NL

C 9NEU Training

IP Secretariat

A9.2Executive Training

Hensen, NL

RTD & Innovation Activities

Work Package Activity

Training Activities

Management Activities

C 3 NEU Plot Scale

ModellingButterbach-Bahl, DE

A3.1 Assessment of models & uncertainty analysis

van Oijen, UK

A3.2 Development of

core modelsButterbach-Bahl, DE

A3.3 Interpretn. & simulation

of flux measurementsCalanca, CH

A3.4 Effect of past & present management decisions & adaptation strategies

P. Smith, UK

C 4NEU Landscape

AnalysisCellier, FR

A4.1 Landscape Inventories

Dalgaard, DK

A4.3Landscape verification

measurementsTheobald, UK

A4.2, A4.4Development & applic’n

of landscape modelCellier, FR

A4.5Whole-farm &

landscape scenariosOlesen, DK

C 6 NEU Verification

Erisman, NL

A6.1 Verification of European

bottom-up modelsBleeker, NL

A6.4 Verification of official

inventories & improvemtof IPCC methodology

van Amstel, NL

A6.3 Uncertainty assessment

of European Nr& GHG emissions

van Oijen, UK

A6.2 Independent inverse-

modelling of European N2O & CH4 emissionsBergamaschi, JRC, IT

A8.2External

Advisory GroupStakeholders

C 8NEU Management

IP Coordinator

C 1 NEU

Flux NetworkSutton, UK

A1.3 NEU Advanced Network:Fluxes, pools & budgets

Sutton, UK

A1.1 Advanced N flux

measurement methods Nemitz, UK

A1.2 Long-term N flux

methods & applicationPilegaard, DK

A.1.4 Plant & soil pools,

processes & interactionsCotrufo, IT

A.1.5 Inferential N fluxes and C interactions

Sutton, UK

C 1 NEU

Flux NetworkSutton, UK

A1.3 NEU Advanced Network:Fluxes, pools & budgets

Sutton, UK

A1.1 Advanced N flux

measurement methods Nemitz, UK

A1.2 Long-term N flux

methods & applicationPilegaard, DK

A.1.4 Plant & soil pools,

processes & interactionsCotrufo, IT

A.1.5 Inferential N fluxes and C interactions

Sutton, UK

C 2 NEU EcosystemManipulation

Beier, DK

A2.1 Forest change

(inc. afforestation)Gundersen, DK

A2.2 Arable change

(inc. drainage &abandonment)

Rees, UK

A2.4 Grassland change

(inc grazing interactions)Soussana, FR

A2.3 Shrubland change

(& natural wetlands)Beier, DK

A2.5 Manipulation Synthesis

Beier, DK

C 2 NEU EcosystemManipulation

Beier, DK

A2.1 Forest change

(inc. afforestation)Gundersen, DK

A2.2 Arable change

(inc. drainage &abandonment)

Rees, UK

A2.4 Grassland change

(inc grazing interactions)Soussana, FR

A2.3 Shrubland change

(& natural wetlands)Beier, DK

A2.5 Manipulation Synthesis

Beier, DK

A10.4ESF N Assessment

Bleeker, NL

A10.3 COST Atmos-Biosphere& multiple N strategies

Erisman, NL

A10.5Input to EC,

FCCC & CLRTAPSeufert, JRC, I.

A10.2IGBP - iLEAPS

Nemitz, UK / Vesala FI

Figure 4.4. NitroEurope IP: Science and management structure

A8.4General AssemblyAll NEU Partners

A8.5Review & Assessment

SSC, EAG &Internal Advisory Group

A8.3Financial & Contract

ManagementCoordinator + partners

A10.1 Innovation Highlights

& NEU PortalCEH, Sutton, UK

A8.1Science Management

Scientific Steering Committee

C 5 NEU European

Integrationde Vries, NL

A5.1 GIS-based assembly

of input dataLeip, JRC, IT

A5.2 Deriving past, present

& future scenariosVeldkamp, NL

A5.3 Developmt. of integratedmulti-component model

Kros, NL

A5.4 Application of European-scale ecosystem models

P. Smith, UK

A5.5 Application of the multi-

component modelObersteiner, IIASA, AT

C 5 NEU European

Integrationde Vries, NL

A5.1 GIS-based assembly

of input dataLeip, JRC, IT

A5.2 Deriving past, present

& future scenariosVeldkamp, NL

A5.3 Developmt. of integratedmulti-component model

Kros, NL

A5.4 Application of European-scale ecosystem models

P. Smith, UK

A5.5 Application of the multi-

component modelObersteiner, IIASA, AT

C 10 NEU Dissemination

IP Secretariat

C 7NEU Standards and Data Management

IP Secretariat

A9.1Summer SchoolsZechmeister, AT,

Rees, UK

A7.3, A7.4NEU Data Centres & TF Data Managementde Rudder, BADC, UK

A.7.1 TF Common

measurement protocolsBeier, DK

A7.2TF Common

modelling protocolsde Vries, NL

C 9NEU Training

IP Secretariat

A9.2Executive Training

Hensen, NL

RTD & Innovation Activities

Work Package Activity

Training Activities

Management Activities

Work Package Activity

Training Activities

Management Activities

C 3 NEU Plot Scale

ModellingButterbach-Bahl, DE

A3.1 Assessment of models & uncertainty analysis

van Oijen, UK

A3.2 Development of

core modelsButterbach-Bahl, DE

A3.3 Interpretn. & simulation

of flux measurementsCalanca, CH

A3.4 Effect of past & present management decisions & adaptation strategies

P. Smith, UK

C 4NEU Landscape

AnalysisCellier, FR

A4.1 Landscape Inventories

Dalgaard, DK

A4.3Landscape verification

measurementsTheobald, UK

A4.2, A4.4Development & applic’n

of landscape modelCellier, FR

A4.5Whole-farm &

landscape scenariosOlesen, DK

C 3 NEU Plot Scale

ModellingButterbach-Bahl, DE

A3.1 Assessment of models & uncertainty analysis

van Oijen, UK

A3.2 Development of

core modelsButterbach-Bahl, DE

A3.3 Interpretn. & simulation

of flux measurementsCalanca, CH

A3.4 Effect of past & present management decisions & adaptation strategies

P. Smith, UK

C 3 NEU Plot Scale

ModellingButterbach-Bahl, DE

A3.1 Assessment of models & uncertainty analysis

van Oijen, UK

A3.2 Development of

core modelsButterbach-Bahl, DE

A3.3 Interpretn. & simulation

of flux measurementsCalanca, CH

A3.4 Effect of past & present management decisions & adaptation strategies

P. Smith, UK

C 4NEU Landscape

AnalysisCellier, FR

A4.1 Landscape Inventories

Dalgaard, DK

A4.3Landscape verification

measurementsTheobald, UK

A4.2, A4.4Development & applic’n

of landscape modelCellier, FR

A4.5Whole-farm &

landscape scenariosOlesen, DK

C 4NEU Landscape

AnalysisCellier, FR

A4.1 Landscape Inventories

Dalgaard, DK

A4.3Landscape verification

measurementsTheobald, UK

A4.2, A4.4Development & applic’n

of landscape modelCellier, FR

A4.5Whole-farm &

landscape scenariosOlesen, DK

C 6 NEU Verification

Erisman, NL

A6.1 Verification of European

bottom-up modelsBleeker, NL

A6.4 Verification of official

inventories & improvemtof IPCC methodology

van Amstel, NL

A6.3 Uncertainty assessment

of European Nr& GHG emissions

van Oijen, UK

A6.2 Independent inverse-

modelling of European N2O & CH4 emissionsBergamaschi, JRC, IT

C 6 NEU Verification

Erisman, NL

A6.1 Verification of European

bottom-up modelsBleeker, NL

A6.4 Verification of official

inventories & improvemtof IPCC methodology

van Amstel, NL

A6.3 Uncertainty assessment

of European Nr& GHG emissions

van Oijen, UK

A6.2 Independent inverse-

modelling of European N2O & CH4 emissionsBergamaschi, JRC, IT

Partner Involvement

Funded partners: 65 institutions, inc 7 INCO. Steering and Core Partners (leading groups, integration) Major Partners (key deliverables) Funded Associate Partners (extend the ERA)

Involvement of unfunded associate partners Mutual sharing of information Clear acceptance criteria, by Activity Associate Partners not unlimited: to maintain manageability and

science excellence Obvious interaction with COST 729

Component 1: NEU Flux Network

Tiered structure:

Level 3 (“Super Sites”): N and GHG fluxes: Core Measurements + Special Topics. Includes high cost micromet methods and process analysis.

Level 2 (“Regional Sites”): Basic N and GHG flux monitoring, e.g. COTAG, simple cuvettes

Level 1 (“Inferential Sites”): Basic N air concentration measurements at 50 CO2 flux sites. e.g. DELTA low cost denuders.

NEU Flux &ManipulationNetworks

13 Level 3 Super Sites 9 Level 2 Regional Sites50 Level 1 Inferential Sites

22 Core Manipulation Sites14 Assoc. Manipulation Sites

NEU Flux Network Sites in Climate Space

20

15

10

5

0

-5

Ave

rage

tem

pera

ture

(°C

)

353025201510

Range mean monthly temperatures (°C)

UK

DKNL

IT

FI

DEUKIE CH

IT

FR

ES

HUFR

DE

IT

UA

IT

FI

PL

RU

UK

European Climate Forest Grassland Arable Shrubland/wetland

Component 2: NEU Manipulation

W ater

Te mp

CO 2

LUC

Mana ge me nt

N -inp ut & depo s itio n

Grass la ndsShrub la nd & wetla nd

Arab leForests

W ater

Te mp

CO 2

LUC

Mana ge me nt

N -inp ut & depo s itio n

Grass la ndsShrub la nd & wetla nd

Arab leForests

DK SESCAU

AU

PTIT

GE SEDK

BE

IT

SE

SP

SP

FR

UK

HU

UK

UK

UK

P O

P O

DK

SP NLUKDK

UK ES

SE

SE

DK

DK DK

SE

PL PL

ZI

UK UK

DK SESCAU

AU

PTIT

GE SEDK

BE

IT

SE

SP

SP

SP

SP

FR

UK

HU

UK

UK

UK

UK

UK

P O

P O

P O

P O

DK

SP NLUKDK

UK

DK

SP NLUKDK

DK

SP NLUKDK

UK ES

SE

SE

DK

DK

DK

DK DK

SE

PL PLPL PL

ZI

UK UKUK UK

Component 3: NEU Plot Modelling

NEU-Core Models (C3)

Forest Arable landGrassland

Specific Ecosystem-Models

EFM/BASFORCERES-ECG

SUNDIALPaSIM

Shrub-& Wetlands

COUP

Multi-Ecosystem-ModelDNDC

AssociatedModels:- CENTURY- BIOME BGC-FASSET-MAGEG- PROXEL- STICS- ECOSYS- N-Expert

C6Verification

C4Landscape

Analysis

C1Flux Network

C2Ecosystem

Manipulation

Validation of models, interpretation of field data

Selected models for up-scaling

• Land use/ management

• Climate• Vegetation

properties• Soil properties

(use of NOFRETETE GREENGRASS & other databases)

C5EuropeanIntegration

GIS Database

Overlays:•Fields, farmsteads: source areas•Forest & shrub: sink areas

•Local hydrological dispersion•Local atmospheric dispersion

•Farm decision making units•Conservation decision units

NitroEurope IP Landscape network

Component 4: NEU Landscapes

Farm buildings & manure stores

Grass fields

Arable fields

Forest & shrubland

Farm management model

Multi-ecosystem model

Nested atmospheric model

Distributed hydrological model

Lan

dscape database & G

IS

Controller programme

Non-agricsources

Landscape inventory input data

Soils & hydrologyinput data

Meteorol.input data

Output mapsdatasets &scenarios

Emission / deposition

Leaching / uptake

Lateral transfer in catchments

Local and regional atmospheric dispersion

Model data exchange

N & C flux

Farm buildings & manure stores

Grass fields

Arable fields

Forest & shrubland

Farm management model

Multi-ecosystem model

Nested atmospheric model

Distributed hydrological model

Lan

dscape database & G

IS

Controller programme

Non-agricsources

Landscape inventory input data

Soils & hydrologyinput data

Meteorol.input data

Output mapsdatasets &scenarios

Emission / deposition

Leaching / uptake

Lateral transfer in catchments

Local and regional atmospheric dispersion

Model data exchange

N & C flux

Landscapes integrate multiple spatial scales relevant for multi-pollutant assessment

Farmsteads

Farm units (fields & buildings)

Waterdispersion

Atmosphericdispersion

Component 5: NEU Integration

Atmosphere

Housing/manurestorage systems

Agricultural landΔC pool ΔN pool

Non-agricultural landΔC pool ΔN pool

Dataarchiving

NH3 exchange NOx exchange N2O exchange

N deposition

CH4 exchange CO2 exchange

N deposition

N leachingrunoff

NInput

Scenarios/measures

IndustryNaturalsources

Remaining problem areas in 2020Light blue = no risk

Forests – acid dep. Semi-natural – acid dep. Freshwater – acid dep.

Health - PM Health+vegetation - ozone Vegetation – N dep.

IIASA,Amann

Component 6: NEU VerificationAir concentration data

for CH4 & N2O(from CHIOTTO etc)

Analysis ofuncertainties in NEU

bottom-up GIS models

Overall Uncertainty& Verification of

NEU European estimates

Verification of official inventories & uncertaintyin verification procedures

Recommendations toupdate IPCC emission factor methodologies

Activity 6.1

C1, C2NEU Flux &

Manipulation datasets

C5European IntegrationBottom up models

Inverse modelling of CH4 & N2O emission

Uncertainty of different Inverse models

Verification of bottom-up GIS models

Establish independent measurement database

Verification of bottom-up GIS models

Establish independent measurement database

Activity 6.2

Activity 6.3

Activity 6.4

Official national & European inventories of UNFCCC & UNECE

Independentdatasets of Nr

& GHG exchange

IPCC guidelines on emission methodologies

C4NEU LandscapeAnalysis results

IPCC methodology interpretation of

C1 & C2 datasets

NEU Data Management System

NEU Central Web Portal(Bealey, CEH)

NEU Data Centre (Site Data) (de Rudder, BADC)

C1 data C2 data C3 data C4 data

C1 ScienceCommunity

C1 Data Manager

(Anderson CEH)

C1 ScienceCommunity

C1 Data Manager

(Anderson CEH)

C2 Data Manager(Ambus

Riso)

C2 ScienceCommunity

C2 Data Manager(Ambus

Riso)

C2 ScienceCommunity

C4 Data Manager(DrouetINRA)

C4 ScienceCommunity

C4 Data Manager(DrouetINRA)

C4 ScienceCommunity

C3 DataManager(Homburg

FZK)

C3 ScienceCommunity

C3 DataManager(Homburg

FZK)

C3 ScienceCommunity

C6 DataManager(Bleeker

ECN)

C6 ScienceCommunity

C6 DataManager(Bleeker

ECN)

C6 ScienceCommunity

Liaison of people and management

NEU Data Centre (EU Data)JRC (Leip, JRC)

C5 data C6 data

Data storage and accessChair TF Data Mangmnt.(Anne de Rudder)

C5 ScienceCommunity

C5 DataManager

(LeipJRC)

C5 ScienceCommunity

C5 DataManager

(LeipJRC)

Lots to do!

Started 1 February 2006 First General Assembly: Garmisch, March 2006

Synergy with other activities, e.g. COST 729, NinE, INI e.g. joint workshops on cross-cutting activities. database development and sharing information A mechanism for disseminating policy interactions and communicating with

stakeholders …

http://www.nitroeurope.eu neu@ceh.ac.uk

ESF – Research Network ProgrammeNitrogen in Europe (NinE)

Running for 5 years, started March 2006

Aims to integrate European research and researchers

Delivering an assessment report of the state of European nitrogen, sources, transfor-mations and impacts, as well as establishing a basis to recommend future solutions

COST Action 729

Assessing and managing nitrogen fluxes in the atmosphere-biosphere system in Europe

Combining knowledge of various research areas to provide a scientific basis for an integrated approach to nitrogen management; requiring knowledge on:

The formation of reactive nitrogen and the resulting emissions to the atmosphere

Transport, transformation and deposition Integrated assessment modelling Policy analysis and support

www.cost729.org