nkp 1 - supreme court of nepal · 2012. 5. 24. · title: nkp 1.pmd author: 00158 created date:...

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1 lg)f{o g+= 8744 lg)f{o g+= 8744 lg)f{o g+= 8744 lg)f{o g+= 8744 lg)f{o g+= 8744 ;jf] {Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf; ;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL dfggLo GofofwLz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofo dfggLo GofofwLz 8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{ b]=k'=g+=@)^&–DF–)))!, )))@, )))# km};nf ldltM @)^*.*.@@ d'2f M— /sd lbnfO{ e/fO{ kfpFm . k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= #$ gofF afg]Zj/ l:yt gd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln=sf cWoIf dx]Gb|dfg >]i7 lj?4 k|ToyL{ jfbLM sf7df8f} + lhNnf, sf7df8f} + dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g !# tfxfrn l:yt P=l;= ufd] {G6 k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f} + lhNnf, sf7df8f} + dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= #$ gofF afg]Zj/ l:yt gd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln= lj?4 k|ToyL{ jfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# tfxfrn l:yt P=l;= ufd] {G6 k'g/fj]bs jfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# tfxfrn l:yt P=;L ufd] {06sf] tkm{af6 P]=sf k|f]k/fO6/ czf]ss'df/ cu|jfn lj?4 k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+ dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=#$ gofF afg]Zj/ l:yt gd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln= z'? km};nf ug] {M df=lh=Gof=>L jL/l;+x dx/f k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug] { df=Gof=>L b'uf{k|;fb pk| ]tL df=Gof=>L hubLz zdf{ kf}8]n o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;M df=Gof=>L uf}/L 9sfn df=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L xbDofbsf] ljifo d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] cfkm\gf] OR5fcg's"n ;+s'lrt jf lj:tf/ ug] { ljifo geO{ of] ljz'4 ljwflosL sfg"gåf/f lglb{i6 sfg"gL xs ePsfn] o:tf] xsnfO{ s'g} kIfsf] cg's"n jf k|lts"n x'g] u/L JofVof ug{ gldNg] . sfg"gdf xbDofbsf] ljifo h] h'g ?kdf / h;/L k|o'Qm ePsf] 5, cbfntn] klg ;f] ;DaGwL sfg"gL k|fjwfgsf] JofVof sfg"gL zAbsf] cy{ / p2]Zocg'¿k dfq} ug' {kg] { . -k|s/0f g+=*_ k'g/fj]bs jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf zDe' yfkf Pj+ ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ ltnsljqmd kf08], lzj l/hfn, of]u]Gb| a:g]t / l8NnL/fh e08f/L k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfåo nf]seQm /f0ff / Zofds[i0f >]i7 cjnlDat ghL/M ;Da4 sfg"gM s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !*-@_ sf] -u_ km};nf k|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLM k'g/fj]bg cbfnt, kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.%.!( sf] km};nfpk/ jfbL k|ltjfbL b'j} kIfaf6 k'g/fj]bg k/L o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;dIf k]z e} ldlt @)^&.@.! df km};nf x'Fbf ;f] Ohnf;sf dfggLo GofofwLzx¿ aLr dt}So x'g g;sL lg0f{ofy{ o; Ohnf;;dIf k]z ePsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] tYo Pj+ lg0f{o o; k|sf/ 5M–

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  • 11111

    lg)f{o g+= 8744lg)f{o g+= 8744lg)f{o g+= 8744lg)f{o g+= 8744lg)f{o g+= 8744

    ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, k"0f{ Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

    dfggLo GofofwLz >L j}Bgfy pkfWofodfggLo GofofwLz 8f= >L e/taxfb'/ sfsL{

    b]=k'=g+=@)^&–DF–)))!, )))@, )))#km};nf ldltM @)^*.*.@@

    d'2f M— /sd lbnfO{ e/fO{ kfpFm .k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+

    dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= #$ gofF afg]Zj/l:yt gd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln=sf cWoIfdx]Gb|dfg >]i7

    lj?4k|ToyL{ jfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+

    dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g !#tfxfrn l:yt P=l;= ufd]{G6

    k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f}+ lhNnf, sf7df8f}+dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= #$ gofF afg]Zj/l:yt gd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln=

    lj?4k|ToyL { jfbLM sf7df8f } + lhNnf, sf7df8f } +

    dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# tfxfrn l:ytP=l;= ufd]{G6

    k'g/fj]bs jfbLM sf7df8f} + lhNnf, sf7df8f} +dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= !# tfxfrn l:ytP=;L ufd]{06sf] tkm{af6 P]=sf k|f]k/fO6/czf]ss'df/ cu|jfn

    lj?4k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLM sf7df8f} + lhNnf, sf7df8f} +

    dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+=#$ gofF afg]Zj/l:yt gd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln=

    z'? km};nf ug]{Mdf=lh=Gof=>L jL/l;+x dx/f

    k'g/fj]bg km};nf ug]{df=Gof=>L b'uf{k|;fb pk|]tLdf=Gof=>L hubLz zdf{ kf}8]n

    o; cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;Mdf=Gof=>L uf}/L 9sfndf=Gof=>L tflx/ cnL cG;f/L

    § xbDofbsf] ljifo d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] cfkm\gf]OR5fcg's"n ;+s'lrt jf lj:tf/ ug]{ ljifogeO{ of] ljz'4 ljwflosL sfg"gåf/f lglb{i6sfg"gL xs ePsfn] o:tf] xsnfO{ s'g}kIfsf] cg's"n jf k|lts"n x'g] u/L JofVofug{ gldNg] .

    § sfg"gdf xbDofbsf] ljifo h] h'g ?kdf /h;/L k|o'Qm ePsf] 5, cbfntn] klg ;f];DaGwL sfg"gL k|fjwfgsf] JofVof sfg"gLzAbsf] cy{ / p2]Zocg'¿k dfq} ug'{kg]{ .

    -k|s/0f g+=*_

    k'g/fj]bs jfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmfzDe' yfkf Pj+ ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ltnsljqmd kf08], lzj l/hfn, of]u]Gb|a:g]t / l8NnL/fh e08f/L

    k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbL tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmfåonf]seQm /f0ff / Zofds[i0f >]i7

    cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM

    § s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !*-@_ sf] -u_

    km};nfk|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLM k'g/fj]bg cbfnt,

    kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.%.!( sf] km};nfpk/ jfbLk | ltjfbL b 'j } kIfaf6 k 'g/fj ]bg k/L o;cbfntsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;dIf k]z e} ldlt@)^&.@.! df km};nf x'Fbf ;f] Ohnf;sf dfggLoGofofwLzx¿ aLr dt}So x'g g;sL lg0f{ofy{o; Ohnf;;dIf k]z ePsf] k|:t't d'2fsf] tYoPj+ lg0f{o o; k|sf/ 5M–

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    22222

    lkm/fbL sDkgLsf] sf/f]jf/sf] l;nl;nfdf;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf] Go"of]s{ l:yt PKk/N;lj+8 gfds sDkgLnfO{ o'=P;= 8n/ $!*(%.a/fa/sf] o; sDkgLsf] pTkfbg ljqmL ug]{ /o;/L ljqmL ubf{ cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/df k|rlntk4ltadf]lhd Pn=l;=eË ug{ g;lsg] k|tLtkqsf]dfWodaf6 sf/f]jf/ ug]{ 6'Ëf] ePsf] lyof] . ;f]adf ] lhd ACG–05,06,07,08,13197 sfOGEjfO;x¿ cGt/utsf ;fdfgx¿ ljkIfL gd:t]6«feN;dfkm{t\ k|]lift ug{] p2]Zo o; sDkgLn] ljkIfLsDkgLdf a'emfO{ ;f] sDkgLaf6 /Ltk"j{ssf] Freightcargo receipt k|fKt u/]sf] lyof] . h;df :ki6?kdf ;fdfg k|fKt ug]{ kIfsf] ?kdf r]h Dofgx6gJof+s g} pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . PKk/N; lj+8nfO{xf]Og . ljkIfLn] Bill of Lading xfdLnfO{ pknAwu/fPsf lyPgg\ . nfdf] ;do;Dd /sd k|fKt x'ggcfPsf]n] ;f]wvf]h ubf{ plNnlvt ;fdfg a}Ín]k|fKt gu/]sf] eGg] s'/f yfxf x'g cfof] . ;f] af/]dfa'em\bf o; sDkgLn] ;fdfg k|fKt ug]{ u|fxssf]?kdf r]h Dofgx6g a}+Ísf] gfd :ki6 /fvL;fdfg k|]lift u/]sf] / ;f]xLadf]lhd k|m]6 sfuf]{/l;bdf klg k|fKt ug]{sf] gfd r]h Dofgx6g a}Íg} /fvL o; sDkgLnfO{ lbOPsf]df s'g ab\lgotn]ljkIfLn] ;fdfg k|fKt ug]{ kIfdf r]hDofgx6gJof+ssf] ;§fdf PKk/N; lj8+;sf] gfpF /fv]sf] /;DalGwt a}ÍnfO{ s'g} e'QmfgL g} gu/L PKk/N;lj8+;n] ;fdfg a'em]sf] eGg] s'/f hfgsf/L x'gcfof] . h;sf] sf/0fn] o; sDkgLn] s'g} /sde'QmfgL ug{ ;s]g . o; sDkgLn] /sd e'QmfgLgkfpg'sf] k5fl8 ljkIfL gd:t] 6«feN; / PKk/N;lj8+sf] aLrdf s'g} u}x|sfg"gL sfo{ u/]sf] e} o;sDkgLnfO{ xflg k'u]sf] s'/f s/f/ P]g, @)@#,d'n'sL P]g c=j+= *@ / n]gb]g Jojxf/ $) g+=adf]lhd :ki6 5 . ljkIfLn] o; sDkgLnfO{ ef}lts?kdf dfu ubf{ glbPsf]n] @& cu:6 !((* dfcf}krfl/s ?kdf /sd dfu u/]sf]df @)%^ j}zfvd;fGt;Dd klg /sd e'QmfgL glbO{ ljkIfLsDkgLn] ldlt @)%^.#.^ df n]v]sf] kq @)%^.#.!^df k|fKt ePsf]n] Dofb}leq of] lkm/fb ug{ cfPsf]

    5' . ljkIfLsf] sfdsf/jfxLaf6 o; sDkgLnfO{k'¥ofPsf] xflg gf]S;fgL, ljuf], ;fdfgsf] d"No /9'jfgL vr{ ;d]tsf] o'=P;=8n/ $!*(%. a/fa/sf]g ]kfnL ?k }of F ?=@#,%*,^*%.– , If ltk " lt {?=!,^#,))).– / Jofh ?=$,)@,)@*.– ;d]t hDdf?=@(,@#,&!#.– / ljuf] e/L e/fp x'g] lbg;Ddsf]Jofh ;d]t lbnfO{ kfpFm eGg] lkm/fb kq .

    k|:t't d'2fdf bfjL ul/Psf OGef]O;gDa/x¿ dWo] P=l;=lh=g+= ̂ .(& / *.(& cGt{utsf;fdfgx¿ a}Í l/lnh x'g' k"j{g} PKk/N; ljG8;nfO{k'¥ofO{ lbg ljkIfLn] o; sDkgLnfO{ ;g\ !((&.#.(df kq klg k7fPsf] lyof] . ;f] kqdf plNnlvtcsf]{ OGef]O; g+= P=l;=lh= !.(& klg a}Í l/lnh k"j{g} PKk/N; ljG8;nfO{ k'¥ofO{ lbg pNn]v e} ;f]xLkq adf]lhd eP ul/Psf]df xfn OGef]O; gDa/ljkIfLn] bfjL ug{ ;Sg' ePsf] 5}g . Pp6} kqdfplNnlvt Ps} Joxf]/f adf]lhd sfd eP ul/Psf]dfs]xLsf] xsdf :jLsf/L s]xLsf] xsdf cGoyf eGgldNb}g . cGo OGef]O;sf] xsdf klg ljkIfLs}lgb]{zfg';f/ cKof/n ljG8\; sxfF ;fdfg k7fPsf]xf] . ljkIfLsf] bfjL em"7f xf] . ljkIfLnfO{ d'2f ug'{kg]{sf/0f cyf{t\ xbDofb slxn] v'Ng uof] eGg] ;DaGwdfljkIfLsf] sfg"g Joj;foL ;'zLns'df/ kGtn] o;sDkgLnfO{ ldlt @)%$.!@.@@ df kq k7fpg' ePsf]lyof] . ;f] kqsf] k|s/0f # df ljkIfLnfO{ o;sDkgLaf6 /sd pknAw u/fpg cg'/f]w ul/Psf]lyof] . ldlt @)%$.!@.@@ df xbDofb z'? ePsf]dfldlt @)%^.#.^ sf] kqdf xbDofb u0fgf u/L k|:t'tlkm/fb k/]sf] b]lvFbf s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !*-@_-u_ adf]lhd lkm/fb bfjL vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]k|ltpQ/ kq .

    dfr{ (.!((& sf] kqdf ;xL x:t] xf] eGg]jfbLsf] jf/]; 8f]ns'df/ v8\sfn] u/]sf] aofg .

    ldlt !((& dfr{ ( sf] kqsf] ;xL ;2]xf] eGg] k|ltjfbLsf] jf/]; k"0f{eQm 8+uf]nsf]aofg .

    jfbLaf6 k]z ePsf] k|m]6 sfuf]{ /l;b /OGef]O;x¿ ;2] xf] eGg] k|ltjfbLsf] jf/]; k"0f{eQm8+uf]nsf] aofg .

  • 33333

    lnvtx¿df hfFr u/L kqdf Joxf]/f pNn]vu/L ;xL u/L k7fPsf] 7Ls 5 eGg] /fli6«o ljlwlj1fgk|of]uzfnfsf ;=j}1flgs clws[t >L d''s'Gb k|wfgn]u/]sf] askq .

    k|ltjfbLn] lbPsf] hjfkmnfO{ d'2f ug'{kg]{egL lgwf{/0f u/L NofPsf] lkm/fb sfg"gn] xbDofbgf3L ;s]sf] b]lvFbf o:tf] xbDofbljxLg lkm/fbsfod /xg g;sL d'2fsf] ljifodf k|j]z u/L /xg'k/]g . k|:t't lkm/fb xbDofbljxLg x'Fbf c=j+= !*)g+= cg';f/ vf/]h x'G5 eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] z'?sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nf .

    s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !*-@_ sf] v08-u_ df ePsf] Joj:yfcg';f/ d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0fk/]sf] ldltn] # dlxgfleq lkm/fb ug'{kg]{ eGg] /x]sf]/ d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f d}n] kqfrf/ u/]kZrft\ dnfO{ljkIfLn] cfkm"n] s'g} Ifltk"lt{ ltg'{ gkg]{ u/L hjfkmlbPsf] ldltsf] kq d}n] k|fKt u/] kl5af6 g} xbDofbz'? x'g] / ;f] cg';f/ lkm/fb ug{ cfPsf]df lkm/fbvf/]h ug]{ u/]sf] z'? lhNnf cbfntsf] km};nflkm/fb ubf{ axfn /x]sf] s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] ljk/Ltx'g'sf] ;fy} ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 g]sfk @)$%, lg=g+=#$!) df k|ltkflbt ghL/ l;4fGt ;d]tsf] k|lts"neO{ ab/efuL x'Fbf z'? km};nf ab/ u/L km';{t kfpFmeGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbLn] ldlt @)^@.#.@ dfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gdf lbPsf] k'g/fj]bg .

    k|ltjfbL kIfn] jfbL kIfnfO{ ldlt @)%^.#.^df n]v]sf] kqnfO{ g} d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f l;h{gfePsf] dfGg' kg]{ cj:yf g]sfk @)$$, k[i7 !%@,lg=g+= @(** sf] d'2fdf ;Ddflgt ;jf] {Rrcbfntaf6 k|ltkflbt ghL/ ;d]taf6 b]lvgcfPsf]n] xbDofb gf3]sf] sf/0fn] jfbL bfjL vf/]hug]{ u/]sf] z'? sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntsf] ldlt@)^!.!).@@ sf] km};nf km/s kg{ ;Sg] x'Fbf5nkmnsf nflu k|ToyL{nfO{ lemsfO{ cfPkl5 k]zug'{ eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ldlt @)^#.!.@*.% sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] cfb]z .

    k'g/fj]bs jfbL P=;L ufd]{06n] k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLdfkm{t\ ljleGg ldltdf hDdf $!,*(%cd]l/sL 8n/ d"No a/fa/sf] ;fdfgx¿ k7fPsf]

    ldl;n ;+nUg sfuhftaf6 b]lvPsf] / ;f]sf] e'QmfgLk'g/fj]bg jfbLn] kfPsf] cj:yf gb]lvPsf] / k|:t'td'2fdf k|ltjfbL kIfn] jfbL kIfnfO{ ldlt @)%^.#.^df n]v]sf] kqdf ;fdfgsf] e'QmfgL lbg' kg]{ bfloTj;dfKt x'g] egL k7fPsf] kqnfO{ g} d'2f ug'{kg]{sf/0f l;h{gf ePsf] dfGg' kg]{ cj:yf b]lvgsf];fy} ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 g]sfk @)$$, cÍ @, k[i7!%@ lg0f{o g+= @(** sf] lgj]bs jfbL Hofgaxfb'/k|wfg lj= sf]l/og 8]eNkd]G6 skf]{/]zg ljkIfLk|ltjfbL ePsf] lx;fa lbnfO{ kfpFm eGg] d'2fdfk|ltjfbLn] ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] /sd e'QmfgL lbgOGsf/ u/]kl5 g} jfbLsf] d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf]dfGg kg]{ egL k|ltkflbt ePsf] xbDofb ;DaGwLghL/ l;4fGt ;d]taf6 k|:t't d'2f xbDofbleq}lkm/fb bfo/ ePsf] cj:yf b]lvG5 . ctM k|:t'td'2fdf xbDofb gf3L lkm/fb bfo/ ePsf] eGg]cfwf/x¿ z'? sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ldlt@)^!.!).@@ df lkm/fb bfjL vf/]h ug]{ u/L ePsf]km};nf dfly plNnlvt sf/0faf6 ldn]sf] gb]lvFbfz'? km};nf pN6L x'g] 7x5{ . dfly pNn]v ePadf]lhdk'g/fj]bs jfbL kIfn] ljleGg ldltdf hDdf$!,*(%.– -PsrfnL; xhf/ cf7 ;o k~rfgAa]_cd]l/sL 8n/sf] d"No a/fa/sf] ;fdfg k|ToyL{k|ltjfbL dfkm{t\ k7fPsf] b]lvPsf] / ;f]sf] e'QmfgLk'g/fj]bs jfbL kIfn] kfPsf] cj:yf gb]lvPsf] /cfkm"n] a'emL lnPsf] ;fdfg jfbL kIfn] pNn]vu/]sf] 7]ufgfdf k7fO{ ;f] ;fdfgsf] d"No e'QmfgLjfbL kIfnfO{ ug'{kg]{ k|ToyL{ k|ltjfbLsf] bfloTj Pj+st{Jo ePsf]df k'g/fj]bs jfbL kIfn] cfkm"n] k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLdfkm{t\ k7fPsf] sk8fsf] d"No e'QmfgL kfPsf]gb]lvFbf jfbL kIfn] k|ltjfbLaf6 e'QmfgL kfpgafFsL b]lvPsf] $!,*(%.– -PsrfnL; xhf/ cf7;o k~rfgAa]_ cd]l/sL 8n/sf] tTsfn k|rlnt;6xL b/adf]lhd x'g cfpg] lkm/fbdf plNnlvtg]kfnL d'b|f ?=@#,%*,^*%.– k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] k|ToyL{k|ltjfbLx¿af6 e/fO{ lng kfpg] 7x5{ . Jofh /Ifltk"lt{ tkm{sf] k'g/fj]bssf] bfjL k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg];d]t Joxf]/fsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)^#.%.!( sf] km};nf .

    *&$$–*&$$–*&$$–*&$$–*&$$– gd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln= lj=P=l;=ufe]{G6

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    44444

    k|:t't d'2f s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf!*-@_-u_ adf]lhdsf] xbDofbcg';f/ sf/0f k/]sf]ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq bfo/ ul/Psf] egL lkm/fbkqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ljkIfLsf sfg"gJoj;foLn] o; sDkgLnfO{ ldlt @)%$.!@.@@df kq k7fO{ /sd pknAw u/fpg cg'/f]w ul/Psf]5 . o; kZrft\ pQm kqnfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ ljkIfLn]o; sDkgLnfO{ ldlt @)%%.$.@) df k7fpg'ePsf] kqdf xbDofb ;d]t gfl3;s]sf] eGg] pNn]vu/L cfkm }n ] :jLsf/ u/]sf ] cj:yfdf o;sDkgLaf6 ljkIfLnfO{ k7fPsf] elgPsf] ldlt@)%^.#.^ sf] kqaf6 xbDofb z'? ePsf] dfGggldNg]df k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gn] z'? lhNnfcbfntn] xbDofbsf] cefjdf lkm/fb vf/]h ug]{u/L u/]sf] km};nfnfO{ pN6L u/L u/]sf] km};nfldn]sf] gx'Fbf ;f] km};nfnfO{ ab/ u/L z'? sf7df8f}+lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf ;b/ sfodul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] k|ltjfbL gd:t]6«feN; k|f=ln=sf tkm{af6 o; cbfntdf kg{ cfPsf]k'g/fj]bg kq .

    k|:t't d'2f s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf!*-@_-u_ adf]lhdsf] xbDofbcg';f/ sf/0f k/]sf]ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq bfo/ ul/Psf] egL lkm/fbkqdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ljkIfLsf sfg"gJoj;foLn] o; sDkgLnfO{ ldlt @)%$.!@.@@df kq k7fO{ /sd pknAw u/fpg cg'/f]w ul/Psf]5 . o;kZrft\ pQm kqnfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ ljkIfLn]o; sDkgLnfO{ ldlt @)%%.$.@) df k7fpg'ePsf] kqdf xbDofb ;d]t gfl3;s]sf] eGg] pNn]vu/L cfkm }n ] :jLsf/ u/]sf ] cj:yfdf o;sDkgLaf6 ljkIfLnfO{ k7fPsf] elgPsf] ldlt@)%^.#.^ sf] kqaf6 xbDofb z'? ePsf] dfGgldNg] xf]Og . k|:t't d'2fdf gd:t] 6«feN; sDkgLlnld6]8 / d dx]Gb|dfg >]i7nfO{ ljkIfL agfPsf]5 . ;Lldt bfloTj ePsf] sDkgL sfg"gL JolQmePsf]df dnfO{ 5'§} ljkIfL agfpg ldNg] xf]OgegL k|ltpQ/df d}n] lnPsf] lhsL/nfO{ Vofn}gu/L d ;d]tsf k|ltjfbLx¿af6 ljkIfLn]?=@#,%*,^*%.– e/fO{ lng kfpg] 7x¥ofPsf]

    k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nf ab/ u/L z'?sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf sfodul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] gd:t] 6«feN;k|f=ln=sf cWoIf dx]Gb|dfg >]i7sf] o; cbfntdfkg{ cfPsf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

    d}n] lkm/fb kqdf d"n wgsf] xsdf o"=P;=8n/ $!,*(%.– sf] e/L e/fp x'Fbfsf] lbgdflgwf{l/t b/df e/fO{ kfpFm egL bfjL lnPsf]dfk'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gn] pQm bfjLnfO{ ljrf/}gu/L lkm/fb ubf{sf] cj:yfdf sfod /x]sf] ;6xLb/cg';f/ ?=@#,%*,^*%.– dfq e/L kfpg]7x¥ofPsf] cj:yf 5 . lkm/fb kqdf bfjL ul/Psf]k|rlnt sfg"gadf]lhdsf] !) k|ltzt Jofh ;d]td}n] kfpg' kg]{df ;f] /sd tyf Ifltk"lt{ afktbfjL ul/Psf] ?=!,^#,))).– /sd cbfntn]c:jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf 5 . k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gn] ljkIfLx¿af6 ?=@#,%*,^*%.– e/fO{ lng]7x¥ofO{ Jofh / Ifltk"lt{ tkm{sf] jfbL bfjL Pj+k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug g;Sg] egL ldlt @)^#.%.!(df u/]sf] km};nf lrQ ga'em]sf]n] k'g/fj]bg kqk|:t't u/]sf] 5' . d]/f] dfu bfjLadf]lhd Jofhtyf Ifltk"lt{afktsf] /sd ;d]t lbnfO{ e/fO{kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] jfbL P=;L= ufd]{G6sf]tkm{af6 P]= sf k|f]kfO6/ czf]ss'df/ cu|jfnn]o; cbfndf bfo/ u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg kq .

    o;df b'j} kIfsf] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] b]lvFbfk/]sf] k'g/fj]bgsf] hfgsf/L Ps csf]{nfO{ lbO{lgodfg';f/ u/L k]z ug'{ eGg] Joxf]/fsf] o;cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.$.#@ sf] cfb]z .

    sk8fsf] d"No e'QmfgL kfPsf] cj:yf gx'FbfjfbL kIfn] k|ltjfbLaf6 e'QmfgL kfpg afFsL b]lvPsf]cd]l/sL 8n/ $!*(%.– sf] tTsfn k|rlnt ;6xLb/adf]lhd x'g cfpg] lkm/fbdf plNnlvt g]kfnLd'b|f ?=@#,%*,^*%.– k'g/fj]bs jfbLn] k|ltjfbLaf6e/fO{ lng kfpg] 7x¥ofO{ Jofh / Ifltk"lt{tk{mk'g/fj]bssf] bfjL k'Ug g;Sg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bgcbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt @)^#.%.!( sf] km};nf ldn]sf]b]lvFbf cGoyf ug{ ldn]g . o;y{, k'g/fj]bg cbfntkf6gsf] km};nf ;b/ x'g] 7x5{ . Jofh / Ifltk"lt{

  • 55555

    ;d]t e/fO{ kfpFm eGg] k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ / xbDofb gf3L bfo/ ePsf] lkm/fbaf6OG;fkm u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] km};nfab/ x'g'k5{ eGg] k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] k'g/fj]bglhsL/ k'Ug ;Sb}g eGg] o; cbfntsf dfggLoGofofwLz >L uf}/L 9sfnsf] /fo .

    xbDofb gf3L bfo/ ePsf] k|:t't lkm/fbbfjLaf6 tYoleq k|j]z u/L 7x/ OG;fkm ug{ ldNg]b]lvg cfPg . xbDofb gf3L k/]sf] lkm/fb bfjLvf/]h ug' {kg] {df gu/L tYoleq k|j]z u/LbfjLadf]lhdsf] /sd jfbLn] k|ltjfbLaf6 e/fO{lng kfpg] 7x¥ofPsf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]ldlt @)^#.%.!( sf] km};nf gldn]sfn] pN6L eO{lkm/fb bfjL vf/]h ug]{ u/]sf] z'? lhNnf cbfntsf]km};nf ;b/ x'G5 . jfbLsf] k'g/fj]bg lhsL/ k'Ug;Sb}g . k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]km};nf ;b/ ug]{ egL dfggLo GofofwLz >L uf}/L9sfnsf] km/s /fo /x]sf] / pQm /fo;Fu ;xdtx'g g;s]sf] x'Fbf k|:t't d'2f ;jf]{Rr cbfntlgodfjnL, @)$( sf] lgod #-s_ adf]lhd k"0f{Ohnf;df k]z ug"{ eGg] o; cbfntsf dfggLoGofofwLz >L tflx/cnL cG;f/Lsf] /fo .

    lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L lg0f{ofy{k]z ePsf] k|:t't d'2fdf k'g/fj]bs jfbLsf tkm{af6ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf >L zDe' yfkf Pj+ ljåfgclwjQmfx¿ >L ltns ljqmd kf08], >L lzj l/hfn,>L of]u]Gb| a:g]t / >L l8NnL/fh e08f/Ln] k|:t'tljjfbdf ldlt @)%%.$.@) df P=;L= ufd]{G6n] gd:t]6«feN;nfO{ n]v]sf] kqaf6 jf ldlt @)%^.#.^ dfgd:t] 6«feN;n] P=;L= ufd]{G6nfO{ n]v]sf] kqaf6d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f l;h{gf ePsf] dfGg] egL lg/f]k0fx'g' kg]{ ljifo ljBdfg 5 . gd:t] 6«feN;n] xfd|f]kIfnfO{ lbPsf] ldlt @)%^.#.^ sf] kqaf6 lghn]bfloTj OGsf/ u/]sf] x'Fbf ;f]xL ldltaf6 d'2f ug'{kg]{sf/0f v8f ePsf] dfGg' kb{5 . P=;L= ufd]{G6n]lbPsf] @)%%.$.@) sf] kq s]jn sfg"gL ;"rgfxf] . To;af6 d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f l;h{gf ePsf]dfGg ;lsFb}g . To:tf] ;"rgfn] xbDofb l;h{gf jf;dfKt ug]{ xf]Og . cbfnt k|j]z gu/f}+ eGg] p2]Zon]

    lbPsf] ;"rgf OGsf/ u/]kl5 g} d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0fl;h{gf x'G5 . To;}n] o; lgj]bgdf k|ltjfbLn] lbPsf]ldlt @)%^.#.^ sf] kqaf6} d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f pTkGge} ;f]sf] xbDofbleq bfo/ ePsf] lkm/fbkqadf]lhdsf] /sd e/fO{ kfpg] 7x¥ofpg' kg]{dfxbDofbsf] cfwf/df lkm/fb vf/]h ug]{ u/]sf]k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{ x'Fbf ;f] km};nfpN6L u/L lkm/fb bfjLadf]lhd /sd e/fO{ kfpg]7x¥ofPsf] ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sf dfggLo GofofwLz>L uf}/L 9sfnsf] /fo dgfl;a ePsf]n] ;f]xL /fosfod /xg'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{eof] .

    k'g/fj]bs k|ltjfbLsf] tkm{af6 ljåfgclwjQmfåo >L nf]seQm /f0ff / >L Zofds[i0f>]i7n] jfbL k|ltjfbLaLr ;fdfg 9'jfgL ;DaGwdfePsf] ;Demf}tfsf] k|s[ltcg';f/ o; ljjfbdf d'2fug'{kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf] ldlt sfod ul/g' kb{5 .o;/L x]bf{ jfbL P=;L= ufd]{G6n] ldlt @)%%.$.@)df gd:t] 6«feN;nfO{ n]v]sf] kqaf6} ;f] ufd]{G6sf];fdfgx¿ ;DalGwt :yfg;Dd gk'¥ofPsf] yfxflyof] eGg] b]lvG5 . ;fdfg gk'¥ofPsf] yfxf ePkl5;Demf}tf pNn+3g ePsf] dfGg' kb{5 . o;/L b'O{kIfaLr ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhd sfo{ gu/L s'g}Ps kIfaf6 To;sf] zt{ pNn+3g ePkl5 ;f] s'/fyfxf ePkl5 g} d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f pTkGg x'G5 .To;}n] k|:t't d'2fdf jfbL P=;L= ufd]{G6n] k|ltjfbLgd:t] 6«feN;nfO{ ldlt @)%$.$.@) df n]v]sf]kqsf] ldltcg';f/ g} xbDofb sfod x'G5 . ;f]ldltaf6 s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !*-@_ sf]b]xfo -u_ adf]lhd tLg dlxgfleq lkm/fb k/]sf]cj:yf 5}g . xbDofbljxLg lkm/fb bfjLaf6 s/f/adf]lhdsf] /sd e/fO{ kfpg g;Sg] x' FbfxbDofbsf] cefjdf lkm/fb bfjL vf/]h ug]{ u/]sf]z'? cbfntsf] km};nf dgfl;j x'Fbf k'g/fj]bgcbfntn] jfbL bfjLadf]lhd /sd e/fO{ lbg]u/L u/]sf] km};nf gldn]sf] x'Fbf ;f] km};nf pN6Lu/L z'?sf] km};nf ;b/ ug]{ u/L ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sfdfggLo GofofwLz >L tflx/cnL cG;f/Ln] JoQmug'{ ePsf] /fo sfod x'g' kb{5 eGg] ;d]t ax;ug'{eof] .

    *&$$–*&$$–*&$$–*&$$–*&$$– gd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln= lj=P=l;=ufe]{G6

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    66666

    ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿n] ug'{ ePsf]jx; lhsL/ ;'gL ldl;n cWoog u/L lg0f{o tkm{ljrf/ ubf{ k|:t't ljjfbdf d"ntM lgDg k|Zgx¿sf]lg/f]k0f ug'{kg]{ b]lvg cfof] M

    -s_ k|:t't ljjfbdf d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf]ldlt s'g sfod x'g] xf] <

    -v_ jfbLsf] lkm/fbkq xbDofb leq k/]sf] 5 ,5}g < /

    -u_ k'g/fj]bg cbfntn] u/]sf] km};nf ldn]gldn]sf] s] xf] <

    @= plNnlvt lg/f]k0f ug'{kg]{ d"ne"tk|Zgx¿sf] ;DaGwdf ljrf/ ug'{ k"j{ k|:t'tljjfbsf] tYout s'/fx¿sf] cjnf]sg ug' {jf~5gLo b]lvPsf] 5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf x]bf{ jfbLP=;L= ufd]{G6af6 pTkflbt ;fdfgx¿ k|ltjfbLgd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln= dfkm {t \ lgof {t ug] {l;nl;nfdf ACG÷)%,)^,)&,)*, !#÷(& sfOGEjfO; cGtu{t cd]l/sL 8n/ $!,*(%.a/fa/sf ;fdfgx¿ ;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sfsf]Go"of]s{ l:yt PKk/N; ljG8\; gfds sDkgLnfO{a'emfO{ /Ltk"j{s Freight cargo Receipt k|fKtu/]sf] / ;f] Receipt df ;fdfg k|fKt ug]{ kIfsf]?kdf PKk/N; lj+08;sf] a}+s/ r]h Dofgx6ga}+snfO{ e'QmfgL lbg] Joxf]/f pNn]v ul/Psf]df;f ] Freight cargo Receipt df plNnlvtJoxf]/fljk/Lt k|ltjfbLn] Bill of Lading df ;fdfgk|fKt ug]{ kIf r]h Dofgx6g a}+ssf] ;§f PKk/N;lj+08;sf] gfd /fvL ;fdfgx¿ a'emfPsf] x'Fbf;f] ;fdfg lgof{t u/]afkt k|fKt x'g] ;fdfgsf]d"No k|fKt gePsf] x'Fbf ;f] adf]lhdsf] xflggf]S;fgL ePsf] ljuf] /sd cyf{t\ cd]l/sL 8n/$!,*(%. sf] kl/jTo{ g]=?=@#,%*,^*%. tyf;f]af6 kg{ uPsf] Ifltk"lt{ ?=!,^#,))). tyfljuf ]afktsf ] Aofh ?=$,)@,)@*. ;d ]tk|ltjfbLaf6 e/fO{ kfpFm egL s/f/ P]g, @)@#sf] bkmf !*-@_ sf] -u_ sf] xbDofb b]vfO{ lkm/fbbtf{ ePsf] b]lvG5 .

    #= plNnlvt sf/f ]jf/sf ] ;Gbe{dfk|ltjfbLsf] sfg"g Joj;foLn] jfbL P=;L= ufd]{G6nfO{ldlt @)%$.!@.@@ df kq k7fPsf] / ;f] kqnfO{;dy{g ub}{ k|ltjfbL sDkgLn] ldlt @)%%.$.@)df g} kq k7fO{ jfbLsf] ;fdfgsf] e'QmfgLsf] af/]dfhfgsf/L u/fO{ ;s]sf] x'Fbf To; pk/ lrQ ga'em]sf]eP ;f]xL ldltaf6 xbDofb leq lkm/fb lbg'kg]{dfk|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ ldlt @)%^.#.^ df n]v]sf]elgPsf] kqsf cfwf/df xbDofb ;dfO{ lkm/fbbtf{ u/fPsf] x'Fbf k|:t't lkm/fb bfjL g} xbDofbljxLgeO{ vf/]hefuL /x]sf] eGg] k|ltpQ/ lhsL/ lnOPsf]b]lvof] .

    $= plNnlvt j:t'tYosf] /f]xdf k|:t'tljjfbdf lg/f]0f ug'{kg]{ d"ne"t klxnf] k|Zgtkm{ljrf/ ubf{ jfbL kIfaf6 pTkflbt ;fdfgk|ltjfbLdfkm{t\ lgof{t ug]{ u/L sf/f]jf/ ePsf]eGg]df ljjfb b]lvPg . ;f]xL adf]lhd ;fdfglgof{t ug]{ qmddf Invoice No. ACG 05,06,07,13 dfkm{t\ k7fOPsf ;fdfgx¿ v/Lbstf{ sDkgLApparel Winds sf] a}+s/ Chase Manhotan Bankdf e'QmfgL k7fpg' kg]{df v/Lbstf{ sDkgLnfO{l;w} k7fPsf] sf/0f ;f] a}+s dfkm{t\ k|fKt x'g'kg]{;fdfgsf] d"No ;lxtsf] /sd xflg gf]S;fgLePsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ k|ltjfbL gd:t] 6«feN;pk/jfbLn] ;fdfg lgof{t u/]afktsf] /sd ;d]tdfbfjL u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] ;DaGwdf k|ltjfbLgd:t] 6«feN;nfO{ jfbL kIfsf] sfg"g Joj;foL;'zLns'df/ kGt, h'l/i6 P08 sDkgL k|f=ln=sf7df8f}+sf] gfdaf6 ''ljleGg OGEjfO{;x¿ dfkm{t\PKk]/N; lj08\;nfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;fdfgx¿sf]Consignee kl/jt{g u/L ;fdfg cfoftstf{kf6L{n] a}+saf6 /sd glt/L ;fdfg 5'6fO{ lnPsf]/ ;f] /sd xfn;Dd k|fKt gePsf] sf/0f pQmlgof{tsf] /sd pknJw u/fpg' cGoyf /fhZjcg';Gwfg ljefu ;d]tdf ph"/ ug{ jfWo x'g]"egL @)%$.!@.@@ df kqfrf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .tTkZrft\ jfbL kIfaf6} ldlt @)%%.$.@) dfkq n]vL ldlt @)%$.!@.@@ sf] kqsf] ;DaGwdfs'g} k|ltlqmof ghgfPsf] x'Fbf ljb]zL d'b|fsf]

  • 77777

    ckrng u/]sf] dxz'; u/L tkfO{ dfly cfjZossfg"gL sf/jfxLtkm{ hfg] Joxf]/f o;} kqaf6cjnut u/fpF5f} egL k|ltjfbL kIfnfO{ hfgsf/Lu/fPsf] ldl;naf6 b]lvG5 . To;/L jfbL P=;L=ufd ] { G6; :jo+sf tkm {af6 n] lvPsf ] ldlt@)%%.$.@) sf] kqdf k|ltjfbLaf6 kfpg' kg]{/sd lbg' cGoyf sfg"gL sf/jfxL ug]{ eGg]jfSo pNn]v gu/L cfjZos sfg"gL sf/jfxLtkm{hfg] Joxf]/f o;}kqaf6 cjut u/fpFb5f}+ elgPsf]b]lvG5 . o;/L jfbLn] k|ltjfbLnfO{ n]v]sf] pQm@)%%.$.@) sf] kqdf k|ltjfbLpk/ sfg"gLsf/jfxL tkm{ hfg] eg]sf] b]lvPsf]n] ;f] ldltdfg} jfbL kIfn] sfg"gL pkrf/sf] dfu{ cjnDagug]{ egL k|ltjfbLnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fPsf] l:yltb]lvg cfof] .

    %= jfbL kIfaf6 k|]lift ;f] kqsf] ljifodfk|ltjfbL kIfaf6 ldlt @)%^.#.^ df jfbL kIfnfO{kqfrf/ u/L tkfO{n] eg]adf]lhd ;fdfg a'emfPsf]x'Fbf cgfjZos cf/f]k nufO{ o; sDkgLsf] k|lti7fdfbvn glbg' eGg] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] b]lvG5 . o;/Lk|:t't ljjfbdf jfbL / k|ltjfbL kIfaLr ;fdfglgof{t ug]{ qmddf k7fOPsf ;fdfgx¿sf] ljifonfO{lnP/ ePsf] pko'{Qm kqx¿ x]bf{ jfbL kIfn] ldlt@)%$.$.@) df n]v]sf] kqdf g} k|ltjfbLpk/ sfg"gLsf/jfxL rnfpg] ljifodf k|ltjfbL kIfnfO{ hfgsf/Lu/fPsf] b]lvFbf ljjflbt ;fdfg lgof{t u/]sf] /sdsf;DaGwdf k|ltjfbLn] bfloTj glnPsf] eGg] s'/fjfbL kIfnfO{ ;f]xL ldlt @)%%.$.@) df g} yfxfePsf] eGg] b]lvg cfpF5 .

    ^= s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !* sf]pkbkmf -@_ sf] b]xfo -u_ df –"o; P]g cGtu{tsf]cGo s'g} bfjLsf] xsdf d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf]ldltn] tLg dlxgfleq gfln; jf lkm/fb lbg' kg]{"egL s/f/;DaGwL ljjfbdf ;Lldt xbDofbsf]Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfdfk|o'Qm d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf] ldlt eGg] afSof+zn]s/f/ ;DaGwL ljjfbsf] j:t' tYosf] ;"Idcjnf]sg ubf{ jf:tljs ?kdf g} s/f/sfkIfx¿aLr d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f pTkGg ePsf] ldlt

    osLg ug'{kg]{ eGg] s'/fnfO{ cf}+NofPsf] b]lvG5 .o;/L x]bf{ k|:t't d'2fsf b'O{+ kIf aLr Freightcargo Receipt sf cfwf/df kfpg' kg]{ lgof{ltt;fdfgsf] d"No ;DalGwt kIfn] e'QmfgL gk7fPsf]sf/0faf6 jfbL k|ltjfbLaLr ljjfbsf] l;h{gfePsf] / ;f] ;DaGwdf b'j} kIf aLr k6s–k6skqfrf/ ;d]t ePsf] b]lvG5 . ;f]xL l;nl;nfdfldlt @)%$.!@.@@ df jfbLsf] sfg"g Joj;foLaf6lgof{t ul/Psf] ;fdfgsf] e'QmfgL /sd jfbLnfO{pknJw u/fpg / ;f] gu/fPdf /fhZj cg';Gwfgljefudf ;d]t ph"/ ug{ afWo x'g] s'/f pNn]vub}{ k|ltjfbLnfO{ kq n]lvPsf] / ;f] kq ;d]tsf]:d/0f u/fpFb} k'gM ldlt @)%%.$.@) df jfbLsDkgL :j+on] g} tkfO{dfly cfjZos sfg"gLsf/jfxLtkm{ hfg] Joxf]/f o;} kqaf6 cjutu/fpFb5f} + egL e'QmfgL kfpg' kg] { /sdsf;DaGwdf k|ltjfbLpk/ sfg"gL pkrf/df hfg]s'/f :ki6 ?kdf hfgsf/L u/fPsf] b]lvG5 . To;}sf/0f k|:t't ljjfbdf pQm ldlt @)%%.$.@) dfjfbL kIfn] n]v]sf ] kqaf6} jfbLsf ] xsdfk|ltjfbLpk/ d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf] eGg] b]lvgcfpF5 .

    &= s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !*-@_ sf]b]xfo -u_ df lglb{i6 ePsf] xbDofb cyf{t\ d'2fug'{kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf] ldltaf6 tLg dlxgfleqk|:t't lkm/fb btf{ eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf x]bf{jfbLn] k|:t't lkm/fbkq ldlt @)%^.^.!& dfbtf{ u/fPsf] b]lvG5 . To;/L lkm/fb btf{ u/fpFbfk|ltjfbLn] jfbLnfO{ n]v]sf] ldlt @)%^.#.^ sf]kqsf] cfwf/df d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf] eGb};f] kq @)%^.#.!^ df k|fKt ePsf] egL pNn]vu/]sf] b]lvG5 . oyfy{df jfbL k|ltjfbLaLr d'2fug'{kg]{ sf/0f ldlt @)%%.$.@) df jfbL sDkgL:jo+n] n]v]sf] kqsf] ldlt d} kl/;s]sf] ;Gbe{df;f] ldltaf6 plNnlvt s/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf!*-@_-u_ n] lglb{i6 u/]sf] # dlxgf g3fO{\ cyf{t\d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0f k/]sf] ldltaf6 ! jif{ ! dlxgf!& lbgsf] lbg lkm/fbkq btf{ u/fPsf] b]lvgcfof] .

    *&$$–*&$$–*&$$–*&$$–*&$$– gd:t] 6«feN; k|f=ln= lj=P=l;=ufe]{G6

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    88888

    *= k|rlnt sfg"gdf ;Da4 ljifosf]ljjfbdf gfln; jf ph"/ ug{ egL s'g} lglZrtxbDofbsf] Joj:Yff ePsf]df ;f] sfg"gcGtu{tsfg"gL pkrf/ vf]hL cbfnt;dIf k|j]z ug]{kIfn] sfg"gåf/f lglb{i6 ;f] xbDofbsf] cg'z/0fu/]/ dfq} sfg"gL pkrf/ vf]Hg' kb{5 . cbfntn]klg To:tf] ljjfbdf ;j{k|yd xbDofb;DaGwLk |ZgnfO { lg/f ]k0f u/L To:tf ] lkm/fb ;f ]xbDofbleq bfo/ eP gePsf] s'/f osLg u/LxbDofb leq} btf{ ePsf] b]lvg cfPdf dfqljjfbsf] tYoleq k|j]z u/L ;Da4 sfg"g /k|df0fsf cfwf/df Gofo lg/f]k0f ug'{k5{ . To;}n]xbDofbsf] ljifo d'2fsf] s'g} kIfn] cfkm\gf]OR5fcg's"n ;+s'lrt jf lj:tf/ ug]{ ljifo geO{of] ljz'4 ljwflosL sfg"gåf/f lglb{i6 eO{ k|fKtx'g] sfg"gL xs xf] . o:tf] xsnfO{ s'g} kIfsf]cg's"n jf k|lts"n x'g] u/L JofVof ug{ klgldNb}g . sfg"gdf xbDofbsf] ljifo h] h'g ?kdf/ h;/L k|o'Qm ePsf] 5 , cbfntn] klg ;f];DaGwL sfg"gL k|fjwfgsf] JofVof sfg"gL zAbsf]cy{ / p2]Zocg'¿k dfq} ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . of] sfg"gJofVofsf] ;j{dfGo l;4fGt g} xf] .

    (= k|:t't ljjfbdf jfbLsf] lkm/fbkqs/f/ P]g, @)@# sf] bkmf !* -@_ -u_ sf]sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] ljk/Lt d'2f ug'{kg]{ sf/0fk/]sf] ldltn] tLg dlxgf g3fO{ btf{ ePsf]cj:yf x' Fbf k|:t't lkm/fbkq xbDofbljxLg/x]sf] k'li6 x'g cfPsf] 5 . t;y{ xbDofb gf3Lbfo/ ePsf] k|:t't lkm/fbaf6 jfbL k|ltjfbLaLrl;lh{t cGo tYout ljjfbsf] ljifodf k|j]zug{ / ;f] ;DaGwdf cbfntn] 7x/ lg0f{o ug'{sfg"g / Gofo;Ddt b]lvg cfpFb}g . ctM z'?n]xbDofbsf] cefjdf lkm/fb bfjL vf/]h ug]{u/]sf] km};nf pN6L u/L tYoleq k|j]z u/LOG;fkm u/]sf] k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf] ldlt@)^#.%.!! sf] km};nf ldn]sf] gb]lvFbf ;f]km };nf pN6L u/L z'?sf] km};nf ;b/ x'g]

    7x¥ofPsf ] o; cbfnt ;+o 'Qm Ohnf;sfdfggLo GofofwLz >L tflx/ cnL cG;f/Lsf]/fo dgfl;j x'Fbf ;f]xL /fo sfod x'g] 7x5{ .c?df tk;Lnadf]lhd ug"{ .

    tk;Ln

    dfly OG;fkm v08df pNn ]v ePadf]lhd k'g/fj]bg cbfntsf] km};nf pN6L u/Lz'?n] jfbL bfjL vf/]h ug]{ u/]sf] km};nf ;b/x'g] 7x¥ofPsf] o; cbfnt ;+o'Qm Ohnf;sfdfggLo GofofwLz >L tflx/cnL cG;f/Lsf] /fosfod x'g] 7x/]sf] x'Fbf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt kf6gsf]km};nfsf] tk;Ln v08sf] b]xfo -!_ adf]lhdsf]nut sfod g/xg] x'Fbf ;f] nut s§f ug'{ egLz'?df n]vL k7fpg" === !

    k|ltjfbLn] o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg btf{ubf{ /=g+= %(% / %(^ af6 /fv]sf] hDdf w/f}6Lsf]6{lkm ?=#&(^%. lkmtf{ kfpFm egL P]gsf Dofbleqb/vf:t lbP k|ltjfbLnfO{ lkmtf{ lbg' egL o;cbfntsf] n]vf zfvfnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg" –––!

    k|ltjfbLn] o; cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ubf{/=g+= @@*!^ / @@*!* af6 ?=@$&%.^) sf b/n]/fv]sf] hDdf yk sf]6{lkm ?=$(%!.@) jfbLaf6e/fO{ kfpg] x'Fbf pQm sf]6{lkm e/fO{ kfpFm egLjfbLsf] h]yf b]vfO{ P]gsf Dofbleq k|ltjfbLn]b/vf:t lbP jfbLaf6 k|ltjfbLnfO{ e/fO{ lbg nut/fVg' egL z'?df n]vL k7fpg" –– !

    bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/a'emfO{ lbg" ––––––– !pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .

    Gof=j}Bgfy pkfWofoGof=8f=e/taxfb'/ sfsL{

    ;+jt\ @)^* ;fn d+l;/ @@ ut] /f]h % z'ed\––Ohnf; clws[tM ljb'/ sf]O/fnf

    ÷lø

  • 99999

    lg)f{o g+= 8745 lg)f{o g+= 8745 lg)f{o g+= 8745 lg)f{o g+= 8745 lg)f{o g+= 8745

    ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7dfggLo GofofwLz >L k|]d zdf{

    dfggLo GofofwLz >L ts{/fh e§l/6 g+= )^&–WS–))@&cfb]z ldltM @)^*.(.&.%ljifo M— k/dfb]z;d]t .

    lgj]bsM g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfS;{jfbL n]lggjfbL_sf dxf;lrj tyf ;+ljwfg;ef bnsfg]tf rGb|k|sfz -l;=kL=_ d}gfnL

    lj?4ljkIfLM ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIf Pj+ Joj:yflksf–

    ;+;bsf ;DdfggLo ;efd'v ;'efifrGb|g]DjfË ;d]t

    § g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f^&-3_ df sfg"gdf Joj:Yff ePadf]lhdbn Tofu u/]sf] b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:otf l/Qm x'g] Joj:yf/x]sf] / bn Tofu u/]sf] dflgg] jf gdflgg]cj:yfx¿ lgwf {/0f ug] { ljwflosLclwsf/nfO{ pQm ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfn];Lldt u/]sf] cj:yf gb]lvPsf] x'Fbf bnTofu P]g, @)%$ n] ;f] ;DaGwdf cfjZosJoj:Yff ug{;Sg] .

    § cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^&-3_ n] tf]Sb}gtf]s]sf] zt{ jf ;Ldfsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sfsf/0f bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_-3_ sf] Joj:yf cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf]wf/f ̂ &-3_ ;Fu aflemPsf] 5 eGg gldNg] .

    -k|s/0f g+=!!_

    lgj]bssf tkm{af6M ljåfg jl/i7 clwjQmf xl/x/bfxfn tyf ljåfg clwjQmfåo 8f=eLdfh'{gcfrfo{ / ;'jf; cfrfo{

    ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf o'j/fh;'j]bL tyf ljåfg clwjQmfåo af]0f{axfb'/sfsL{ / xl/Gb| /fO{

    cjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM

    § g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^#,^%, ^^, ^& -3_

    § bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ bkmf #, %-!_ sf]v08 -u_

    § ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% lgod !#(

    cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,

    @)^# sf] wf/f #@ tyf !)&-!_-@_ cGtu{t bfo/x'g cfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+7x/ o;k|sf/ 5 M–

    @)^$ ;fndf ePsf ] ; + ljwfg;eflgjf{rgdf g]skf -dfn]_ n] tLgj6} lgjf{rg k|0ffnLdfefu lnO{ s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] lg0f{oaf6 5gf}6 u/L;dfg'kflts lgjf{rgaf6 kf6L{n] k|fKt u/]sf] dtsfcfwf/df :jLs[t aGb;"rLleqaf6 k7fOPsf] * hgfpDd]bjf/sf] gfdfjnLcg';f/ lgjf{rg cfof]un]ldlt @)^%.!.@^ df ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgP]gsf] bkmf &-^_ cg';f/ g]skf -dfn]_ sf * hgf;ef;b lgjf{lrt ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]sf] xf] .

    pQm cf7hgf dfggLo ;b:ox¿rGb|k|sfz -;L=kL=_ d}gfnL, gLnd s]=;L= -v8\sf_,hgss'df/L rfln;], ob'j+z emf, ltnsaxfb'/ yfkfdu/, bfdf]b/ rf}w/L, kfj{tL dxtf] -s'dfn_ /zf/bf g]kfnLdWo] ldlt @)^&.!.!^ df dfggLobfdf]b/ rf}w/Lsf] lgwg ePsf]n] lghsf] l/Qm :yfgdf;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf*-@_ adf]lhd kf6L{af6 5gf}6 ePsf u0f]zk|;fbrf}w/LnfO{ lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 ldlt @)^&.@.( df;ef;b 3f]lift ul/Psf] xf] .

    g]skf -dfn]_ sf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Lsf] lg0f{oPj+ 5gf}6sf] cfwf/df lgjf{rg cfof]uåf/f ;ef;b3f]lift pk/f]Qm * hgfdWo] ljkIfL ob'j+z emf,ltnsaxfb'/ yfkf du/, zf/bf g]kfnL / u0f]zk|;fb

    *&$%–*&$%–*&$%–*&$%–*&$%– rGb|k|sfz -l;=kL=_ d}gfnL lj=Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;d]t

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    1 010101010

    rf}w/L Pj+ g]skf -dfn]_ sf kf]ln6Jo'/f] ;b:ohutaxfb'/ af]u6L / s]Gb|Lo ;b:o lji0f'/fh cof{n;d]t eO{ ldlt @)^&.$.@! df g]kfn sDo'lgi6kf6L{ -dfn] ;dfhjfbL_ gfdsf] gofF bn vf]nL;+ljwfg;ef Pj+ Joj:Yfflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnodfbn ljefhg ePsf] egL pQm gofF bn;d]t btf{u/L ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnoaf6 bnsf] cf}krfl/sdfGotf kfPsf] eGg] s'/f ldlt @)^&.$.@! dfhutaxfb'/ jf]u6Lsf] x:tfIf/ ePsf] k|]; lj1lKtaf61ft x'g cfof ] . ;f ];DaGwdf ;+ljwfg;ef;lrjfnodf uO{ a'em\bf ljkIfL ;+ljwfg;ef;lrjfno / P]=sf cWoIf ;d]taf6 lghx¿n] gofFbnnfO{ dfGotf lbg] sfd ePsf] xf] eGg] hfgsf/Lk|fKt ePsf] 5 .

    g]skf -dfn]_ ;ef;b bnsf] ljefhgdf; +nUg ljkI f L ;ef;bx¿ ob 'j +z em f ,ltnsaxfb'/ yfkf du/, zf/bf g]kfnL /u0f]zk|;fb rf}w/LnfO{ kf6L{ cg'zf;g pNn+3gu/]sf]df kf6L{ kf]ln6Jo'/f]n] ldlt @)^&.%.* dfcg'zf;gfTds sf/jfxL u/L lghx¿nfO{ kf6L{;b:oaf6 lgisfzg u/ ]sf ] 5 . o;af6;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf*-@_ adf]lhd pk/f]Qm rf/hgf ;ef;bx¿sf]kb l/Qm x'g] :ki6 ePsf] 5 . ;f];DaGwdf ljkIfL;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfno, ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIf/ ljkIfL lgjf{rg cfof]u ;d]tnfO{ k6s–k6shfgsf/L u/fOPsf] 5 .

    g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#, lgjf{rgcfof]u P]g, @)^# tyf ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o lgjf{rgP]g, @)^$ df s'g} klg /fhgLlts kf6L{sf;b:ox¿sf] s'g} k|ltztn] klg cfkm\gf] ;ef;bbn / /fhgLlts kf6L{ ljefhg ug{;Sg] Joj:yf/x]sf] 5}g . s'g} /fhgLlts kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Losfo{;ldltsf $) k|ltzt ;b:ox¿sf] ;dy{glagf;dfg'kflts k|0ffnLaf6 dfq lgjf{lrt ;ef;bx¿sf]$) k|ltztsf] cfwf/df jf tLg} vfn] k|0ffnLaf6lgjf{lrt $) k|ltzt ;ef;bx¿ dfqsf] cfwf/df;ef;b bn ljeflht ug]{ s'g} Joj:yf ;+ljwfg;ef;b:o lgjf{rg P]g, @)^$ sf] bkmf *-@_ / g]kfnsf]

    cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f ^# / ^& sf]k|lts"n x'G5 .

    g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f^& df cGo s'/fsf cltl/Qm h'g /fhgLlts bnsf];b:o eO{ ;b:o lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] ;f] bnn]sfg"gdf Joj:yf eP adf]lhd lghn] bn Tofuu/]sf] jf lghsf] bnsf] ;b:otf sfod g/x]sf]s'/f ;"lrt u/]df ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:osf] :yfg l/Qmx'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg@)^# hf/L x'g' k"j{sf] leGg} kl/j]zdf lgdf{0f ePsf]bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_ -3_ df æs'g}bnsf] ;+ljwfg;ef bnsf] sDtLdf $) k|ltzt;b:ox¿ cfkm\gf] bnaf6 5'l§O{ gofF /fhgLlts;+u7g jf bn jgfPdf jf eO/x]sf] csf]{ bndfk|j]z u/]df bn Tofu u/]sf] dflgg] 5}gÆ eGg]Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . cs}{ ;Gbe{ / kl/j]zdf ag]sf]/ xfnsf] kl/l:yltdf k|of]hgxLg ;fljt ePsf]pQm P]gsf] k|fjwfgnfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ljkIfL $hgf ;ef;bx¿n] g]skf -dfn]_ kl/Tofu u/]sf];"rgf ljkIfL ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfno / P]=sfcWoIfnfO{ lbOPsf]df ;"rgfadf]lhd gu/L lghx¿n]u7g u/]sf] bnnfO{ dfGotf lbO{ lghx¿nfO{;ef;bdf ydf}tL u/]sf] ljkIfLx¿sf] sfo{c;+j}wflgs /x]sf] 5 .

    ctM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f ^#, ^%, ^^ / ^& ;Fu aflemPsf] bnTofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_ -3_ sf] pQmk | fjwfg ab/ 3f ] l i ft u/L ; + ljwfg;eflgodfjnLsf ] lgod !$# adf ]lhd ljkIfLrf/hgf ;ef;bx¿sf] kb l/Qmtfsf] 3f]if0ffug'{ egL ljkIfL ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfsf gfddf/ g]skf-dfn]_ sf] s]Gb|Lo sld6Ln] k7fpg]pDd]bjf/x¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o kbdflgjf{lrt ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{ egL ljkIfL lgjf{rgcfof]usf gfddf k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm . ;fy}ljkIfL rf/hgf ;ef;bx¿n] ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod !#( sf] -u_ / -3_adf]lhd bn Tofu u/]sf] dflgg] sfo{ u/L g]skf-dfn]_ sf] ;b:oaf6 ;d]t lgisflzt ul/Psf]

  • 1 11 11 11 11 1

    ;"rgf ljkIfL ; + ljwfg;ef ;lrjfno /cWoIfnfO{ lbOPsf]df s'g} sf/jfxL gu/L ;ef;bkb ;dfKt eO;s]sf lgh ljkIfLx¿nfO{ kbdfaxfn /flv/fv]sf] sfo{ c;+j}wflgs /x]sf] x'Fbfl/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd 6' +uf] gnfu];Dd lgh;ef;bx¿nfO{ ;+ljwfg;ef Pj+ Joj:yflksf;+;bdf / lghx¿ ;b:o /x]sf] s'g} ;ldltx¿dfpkl:yt x'g / sfd sf/jfxLdf efu lng glbg'glbnfpg' egL cGtl/d cfb]z;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFmeGg] Joxf]/fsf] lgj]bgkq .

    ljkIfLx¿af6 lnlvthjfkm dufpg' eGg]o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^&.(.@^ sf] cfb]z .

    ;ef;b ob'j+z emf, ltnsaxfb'/ yfkfdu/, u0f]zk|;fb rf}w/L / zf/bf g]kfnLn] bnTofu u/]sf]n] ;dfg'kflts ;ef;bx¿sf] kb l/Qmx'g] sf/jfxL cl3 j9fOlbg' eGg] g]skf -dfn]_ sf]ldlt @)^&.%.* sf] kq cfof]udf k|fKt ePsf],To:t} ldlt @)^&.%.!% df kf6L{af6 lgisflzt;ef;b ob'j+z emf, ltnsaxfb'/ yfkf du/,u0f]zk|;fb rf}w/L / zf/bf g]kfnL ;d]t $ hgf;dfg'kflts tkm{sf ;ef;bx¿sf] l/Qm x'g cfPsf]kbdf :yfg k"lt{ ug]{ k|lqmof cl3 a9fOkfpFm eGg] /ldlt @)^&.%.@# df $ hgf gofF pDd]bjf/ 5gf}6u/L cfof]udf k7fO{ lgb]{zgsf] dfu u/L dxf;lrj;L=kL=d}gfnLåf/f x:tfIfl/t kq k|fKt ePsf]dfcfof]usf] ldlt @)^&.*.@# df a;]sf] a}7saf6;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnLsf] lgod !#$-#_ adf]lhdk|lqmof k"/f ePsf] gb]lvFbf dfuadf]lhdsf] sf/jfxLcufl8 a9fpg gldNg] / ;f]sf] hfgsf/L g]skf-dfn]_ nfO{ lbg] egL lg0f {o ePsf] / ;f]lg0f{oadf]lhdsf] hfgsf/L pQm bnnfO{ u/fO;s]sf]5 . ;+ljwfg;efjf6 lgjf{rg cfof]unfO{ s'g};ef;bsf] kb l/Qm ePsf] hfgsf/L glbOPsf]cj:yfdf ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rgaf6 lgjf{lrt eO{;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ul//x]sf ;ef;bx¿nfO{sfg"gL k|lqmof k"/f gu/L ;DalGwt bnsf] kq dfqsf]cfwf/df kb l/Qm ePsf] / s'g} JolQm lgjf{lrtePsf] 3f]if0ff ug{ gldNg] x'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hefuL5 eGg] Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL lgjf{rg cfof]u / P] sf

    sfo{jfxs k|d'v lgjf{rg cfo'Qm gLns07 pk|]tLsf]5'§f5'§} lnlvthjfkm .

    s'g} bnsf] ;+;bLo bnaf6 $) k|ltzt;b:ox¿ cnu eO{ gofF bn agfPsf] cj:yfdfTo:tf] bnnfO{ ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIf jf ;lrjfnon]dfGotf lbg] jf lbg'kg]{ s'g} sfg"gL Joj:Yff /x]sf]5}g . To;}n] l/6 lgj]bgdf bfjL u/]h:tf] g]skf-dfn]_ sf] ;+;bLo bnaf6 $) k|ltzt ;b:ox¿5'l§P/ ag]sf] g]skf -dfn] ;dfhjfbL_ nfO{;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfn] dfGotf lbPsf] cj:yf/x]sf] 5}g . g]skf -dfn]_ af6 cnu eO{ g]skf-dfn] ;dfhjfbL_ u7g u/]sf] egL dfggLo ob'j+zemf, ltnsaxfb'/ yfkf du/, zf/bf g]kfnL /u0f]zk|;fb rf}w/Ln] ldlt @)^&.$.@! df ;+o'Qmx:tfIf/ u/L ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnodf hfgsf/Lu/fpg' ePsf] xf] . pQm ldlt;Dd g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f ^& adf]lhd jxfFx¿sf]:yfg l/Qm ePsf] jf ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%sf] lgod !#( adf]lhd jxfFx¿n] bn Tofu u/]sf]egL g]=s=kf=-dfn]_ sf tkm{af6 ;lrjfnonfO{ s'g};"rgf k|fKt ePsf] lyPg . To;/L ;"rgf k|fKtePsf] cj:yfdf dfq ;+ljwfg;efsf] cWoIfn];+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod !$@adf]lhd hfFra'em u/L cfjZos sf/jfxL cufl8a9fpg ;Sg] cj:yf x'G5 . cGoyf s'g} ;b:osf]:yfg l/Qmtfjf/] cWoIf cfkm}n] sf/jfxL k|f/Deug]{ eGg] k|Zg} p7\b}g . pk/f]Qm rf/hgf dfggLo;b:ox¿n] csf]{ bn u7g u/]sf] egL ldlt@)^&.$.@! df hfgsf/L u/fPkl5 dfq g]skf-dfn]_ sf] ldlt @)^&.%.* sf] lg0f{ofg';f/ lgh $hgf ;b:ox¿nfO{ kf6L{ ;b:oaf6 lgisfzgul/Psf] eGg] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L ;+;bLo bnsfg]tf dfggLo ;L=kL=d}gfnLn] ldlt @)^&.%.!% df;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfnfO{ kq n]Vg' ePsf] xf] .pQm kq cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ̂ & / ;+ljwfg;eflgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod !$! adf]lhdsf] bnTofusf] ;"rgf gePsf]n] ;f]sf] cfwf/df dfggLo;b:ox¿ pk/ ;b:otf ;dflKtsf] k|lqmof k|f/Deug{ bnTofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf % / ;+ljwfg;ef

    *&$%–*&$%–*&$%–*&$%–*&$%– rGb|k|sfz -l;=kL=_ d}gfnL lj=Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;d]t

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    1 21 21 21 21 2

    lgodfjnL, @)^% sf] lgod !#(, !$), !$! /!$@ adf]lhd gldNg] ePsf]n] s'g} k|lqmof k|f/Degul/Psf] xf] . t;y{ l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFmeGg] Jox]f/fsf] ljkIfL ;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfno /;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfsf tkm{af6 k/]sf] 5'§f5'§}lnlvthjfkm .

    g]skf -dfn]_ sf] ;+;bLo bnaf6 5'l§O{d ;d]tn] ldlt @)^&.$.@! df g]kfn sDo'lgi6kf6L{ -dfn] ;dfhjfbL_ bn u7g u/L ;f]xL bnsf];+ljwfg;ef ;b:osf] ?kdf lqmofzLn /x]sf]5' . g]skf -dfn]_ ;+;bLo bnsf] j}7s ldlt@)^$.$.@! df dfggLo ob'j+z emfsf] cWoIftfdfa;L ;+;bLo bndf sfod /x]sf] * ;b:odWo]bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_-3_ adf]lhd$) k|ltzteGbf a9L cf7hgf dWo] rf/hgf;b:ox¿ ob'j+z emf, ltnsaxfb'/ yfkf du/,zf/bf g]kfnL / u0f]zk|;fb rf}w/L ;xefuL eO{g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn]_ af6 5'l§O{ gofF/fhgLlts bn g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn];dfhjfbL_ / ;+;bLo bnsf] u7g u/]sf] xf] .bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_-3_ df /x]sf]æs'g} bnsf] ;+ljwfg;ef bnsf] sDtLdf $)k|ltzt ;b:ox¿ bnaf6 5'l§O{ gofF /fhgLlts;+u7g jf bn agfPdf jf eO/x]sf] csf]{ bndfk|j]z u/]df bn Tofu u/]sf] dflgg] 5}gÆ eGg]k|fjwfg cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f ^#,^%, ^^ / ^& ;Fu aflemPsf] 5}g . ctM lgj]bgdfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g] cj:Yff ljBdfggePsf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]Joxf]/fsf] ljkIfL dfggLo ltnsaxfb'/ yfkfdu/, u0f]zk|;fb rf}w/L, ob'j+z emf / zf/bfg]kfnLsf] 5'§f5'§} lnlvthjfkm .

    lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]zx'gcfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ldl;n ;+nUg ;Dk"0f{sfuhft cWoog ul/of] .

    lgj]bssf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg jl/i7clwjQmf >L xl/x/ bfxfn tyf ljåfg clwjQmfåo>L 8f= eLdfh'{g cfrfo{ / >L ;'jf; cfrfo{n];DalGwt /fhgLlts bn g]skf -dfn]_ n] ljkIfL

    ;ef;bx¿nfO{ cg'zf;gdf sf/jfxL u/L pQmbnaf6 lgisfzg u/]sf] egL cflwsfl/s tj/af6;+ljwfg;ef ;lrjfnonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO;s]kl5ljkIfL ;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfn] lghx¿sf] ;b:otfl/Qm ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug'{kb{Yof] . t/ ljkIfLaf6To:tf] 3f]if0ff ePsf] 5}g . ;+;bLo bnaf6 $)k|ltzt ;b:o 5'l§P/ gofF bn u7g ug{ ;Sg]Joj:yf klg ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnLdf /x]sf] 5}g ./fhgLlts bnsf] sGb|Lo sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf$) k|ltzt ;b:ox¿n] dfq 5'§} bn u7g ug{;Sg]sfg"gL Joj:Yff ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^%df /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ bn Tofu P]g @)%$ sf] bkmf%-!_ -3_ sf] Joj:yf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f ^& -3_ ;Fu aflemPsf] x'Fbflgj]bssf] dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kb{5egL ax; ug'{eof] .

    ljkIfL ;+ljwfg;ef tyf Joj:Yfflksf–;+;b ;lrjfno;d]tsf tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg;xGofoflwjQmf >L o'j/fh ;'j]bL tyf ljkIfLx¿dfggLo ob'j+z emf, ltnsaxfb'/ yfkf du/, zf/bfg]kfnL / u0f]zk|;fb rf}w/Lsf tkm{af6 pkl:ytljåfg clwjQmfåo >L af]0f{axfb'/ sfsL{ / >Lxl/Gb| /fO{n] bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_-3_df s'g} bnsf] ;+ljwfg;ef bnsf] slDtdf $)k|ltzt ;b:ox¿ cfkm\gf] bnaf6 5'l§O{ gofF/fhgLlts bn agfPdf jf csf]{ bndf k|j]z u/]dfbn Tofu u/]sf] dflgg] 5}g eGg] :ki6 Joj:yf/x]sf] / ;f]xLadf]lhd $ hgf dfggLo ;b:ox¿g]skf -dfn]_ ;+ljwfg;ef bnaf6 5'l§O{ csf]{/fhgLlts bn u7g u/]sf] cj:yf x'Fbf lghx¿sf];+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:otf sfod g/xg] eGg] cj:yf5}g . bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_-3_ sf]pQm Joj:yf cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f ^&;Fu aflemPsf] cj:yf ;d]t gx'Fbf l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g'kb{5 egL ax; ug'{eof] .

    o;df lgj]bsn] ljkIfLx¿ dfggLoob'j+z emf, ltnsaxfb'/ yfkf du/, zf/bf g]kfnL/ u0f]zk|;fb rf}w/Lpk/ lghx¿ g]kfn sDo'lgi6kf6L{ -dfn]_ sf tkm{af6 ;dfg'kflts lgjf{rgsf]

  • 1 31 31 31 31 3

    k|lqmofåf/f ;+ljwfg;efdf lgjf{lrt ePsf]dfpQm bn kl/Tofu u/L g]=s=kf=-dfn] ;dfhjfbL_gfds gofF bn btf{ u/]sf]n] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg @)^# sf] wf/f ^& -3_ adf]lhdlghx¿n] bn Tofu u/]sf] ;"rgf u/]sf]df ;f]adf ] lhd ljkIfL ; + ljwfg;efsf cWoIfn ]lghx¿sf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o kb l/Qm ePsf]3f]if0ff ug'{kg]{df ;f] gu/]sf] / bn Tofu P]g,@)%$ sf ] bkmf %-!_-3_ sf ] cfwf/ lnO{ljkIfLx¿sf] bn / ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:otfnfO{dfGotf lbPsf] x'Fbf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg@)^# sf] wf/f ^#, ^%, ^^ / ^& ;Fu aflemPsf]bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_ -3_ sf] pQmk|fjwfg;d]t cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift u/L lghljkIfL rf/hgf ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:ox¿sf] kbl /Q m ePsf ] 3 f ] i f 0 f f ug ' { eg L ljkI f L;+ljwfg;efsf cWoIfsf gfddf k/dfb]z hf/Lul/kfpFm eGg];d]t dfubfjL /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

    ljkIf L ; + ljwfg;efsf cWoIfn ]lnlvthjfkmdf bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_ -3_ adf]lhd s'g} /fhgLlts bnsf] ;+ljwfg;efbnsf] sDtLdf rfln; k|ltzt ;b:o 5'l§O{ 5'§}gofF bn btf{ u/]sf] cj:yfdf bn Tofu u/]sf]gdflgg], lghx¿sf] ;+ljwfg;ef ;b:o kb klgl/Qm gx'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . ;fy} cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^& -3_ adf]lhd lgj]bs bng]skf -dfn]_ n] ljkIfL ;ef;bx¿n] bn Tofuu/]sf] egL ;"rgf k|]lift u/]sf] cj:yf;d]t g/x]sf]egL lnlvthjfkm lbPsf] b]lvG5 eg] ljkIfL ob'j+zemf ;d]tsf dfggLo ;ef;bx¿n] lgj]bg bfjLnfO{OGsf/ ub}{ bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_ -3_adf]lhd gofF bn u7g u/]kl5 lgisfzgsf] k|;+ug} gp7\g] / pQm bkmf %-!_ -3_ ;+ljwfgsf s'g}wf/f;Fu gaflemPsf] eGg] lhsL/ ub}{ lnlvthjfkmk]z u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

    o; l:yltdf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd bnTofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_ -3_ sf] Joj:YffcGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^#, ^%, ^^ / ^& ;FuaflemPsf] xf] xf]Og < ljkIfL ;ef;bx¿sf] kb

    l/Qm ePsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ cj:yf 5 5}g < /dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ xf] xf]Og, eGg]ljifodf lg0f{o lbg'k/]sf] 5 .

    @= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, bn Tofu P]g,@)%$ sf] sfg"gL Joj:Yff x]/]df pQm P]gsf] bkmf# df bn Tofu u/]sf] dfGg ;lsg] ljleGgcj:yfx¿sf] j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 eg] bkmf % df bnTofu u/]sf] gdflgg] ljleGg cj:yfx¿ j0f{gul/Psf] kfOG5 . h;cg';f/ bkmf %-!_ sf] v08-u_ x]l/Pdf s'g} bnsf] sfo{sfl/0fL ;ldltsf] slDtdfrfnL; k|ltzt ;b:ox¿ 5'l§O{ gofF bn agfO{ ;f]bndf jf eO/x]sf] csf]{ bndf ;dflxt e} ;b:ox¿;f]xL bndf k|j]z u/]df bn Tofu u/]sf] gdflgg]eGg] pNn]v ePsf] 5 eg] v08 -3_ df s'g} bnsf];+ljwfg;ef bnsf] slDtdf rfnL; k|ltzt;b:ox¿ cfkm\gf] bnaf6 5'l§O{ gofF /fhg}lts;+u7g jf bn agfPdf jf eO/x]sf] csf]{ bndfk|j]z u/]df klg bn Tofu u/]sf] gdflgg] eGg]Joj:Yff /x]sf] kfOG5 .

    #= lgj]bsn] bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf]pk/f]Qm bkmf # / bkmf % sf] pkbkmf -!_ sf] v08-u_ df s'g} cfklQ ghgfO{ pQm bkmf % sf] pkbkmf-!_ v08 -3_ sf] Joj:Yffsf] ;DaGwdf dfq} cfklQhgfPsf] kfOG5 .

    $= bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] pk/f]Qm bkmf%-!_ sf] v08 -u_ / -3_ b'j}sf] sfof{Gjogaf6cfpg] kl/0ffd ;dfg x'g] b]lvG5 t/ pk/f]Qm v08-u_ sf] cj:yf u|fx\o Pj+ :jLsfo{ t/ v08 -3_ sf]cj:yf cu|fx\o cyf{t\ ;+ljwfg;Fu c;+ut /x]sf]eGg] lgj]bssf] bfjLsf] s'g} ts{;+ut cfwf/ /x]sf]b]lvg cfpFb}g .

    %= j:t'tM lgj]bsn] eGg'eP em}+ cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf ljleGg wf/fx¿;Fu bn Tofu P]g, @)%$sf] pQm bkmf %-!_ -3_ sf] Joj:yf aflemPsf] 5 jf5}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ g} d'Vo ?kdf ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ e}To;tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^#;+ljwfg;efsf] u7g;Fu ;DalGwt b]lvG5 eg] wf/f^% ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:osf] of]Uotf;DaGwL b]lvG5 .To:t} wf/f ^^ ;b:osf] cof]Uotf;DaGwL k|Zgsf]

    *&$%–*&$%–*&$%–*&$%–*&$%– rGb|k|sfz -l;=kL=_ d}gfnL lj=Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;d]t

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    1414141414

    lg0f{o ug]{ cbfntsf] Joj:yf;Fu ;DalGwt /x]sf]b]lvG5 .

    ^= cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf pk/f]Qm wf/fx¿^#, ̂ % / ̂ ^ n] bn Tofu ug{ lbg] jf glbg] ;DaGwLs'g} Joj:yf g} gu/]sf] eO{ leGg} k|of]hgsf] Joj:yfu/]sf] b]lvFbf lgj]bsn] r'gf}lt lbg'ePsf] bn TofuP]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_-3_ sf] Joj:yf pQmwf/fx¿;Fu aflemg] jf gaflemg] egL x]g{ To;n]s'g} ;3fp k'¥ofpg] b]lvFb}g .

    &= hxfF;Dd lgj]bsn] cfwf/ lnPsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^& -3_ sf] Joj:yf;Fubn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_ -3_ sf]Joj:yf aflemPsf] eGg] k|Zg 5 ;f];DaGwdf ljrf/ubf{, wf/f ^&-3_ df ePsf] Joj:yf lgDgfg';f//x]sf] 5 M–

    "h'g /fhgLlts bnsf] ;b:o eO{lgjf{lrt ePsf] xf] ;f]xL bnn] sfg"gdfJoj:Yff ePadf]lhd lghn] bn Tofu u/]sf]jf bnsf] ;b:otf sfod g/x]sf] s'/f ;"lrtu/]df ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:osf] :yfg l/QmePsf] dflgg]5"

    *= pk/f]Qm ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfadf]lhdbnsf] ;b:otf sfod g/x]sf] s'/fsf] ;"lrt ug'{k/]df;DalGwt bnn] sfg"gsf] Joj:yfnfO{ g} cjnDjgug'{kg]{ x'G5 . cyf{t\ sfg"gdf Joj:yf ePdf afx]s/fhgLlts bnn] ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ̂ &-3_ sf] cfwf/dfdfq} ;+ljwfg;efsf ;b:osf] ;b:otf sfod g/x]sf]s'/f ;"lrt ug{ ;Sg] b]lvGg .

    (= ;f];DaGwdf sfg"gL Joj:yf s] /x]sf]5 egL x]bf{, bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ sf] ;+zf]lwtJoj:yf / ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]Joj:yfnfO{ g} d'Vo?kn] ljrf/ ug'{kg]{ b]lvgcfpF5 .

    !)= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f ^&-3_ df ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:on] bn Tofuug{ gkfpg] eGg] s'g} jfWofTds Joj:yf /x]sf]b]lvGg . sfg"gdf Joj:Yff eP adf]lhd bn Tofuu/]sf] ;"rgf ug{ ;lsg];Dd Joj:yf pQm wf/fdf/x]sf] b]lvG5 . ;+ljwfg;ef lgodfjnL, @)^% sf]

    lgod !#( df ePsf] bn Tofu u/]sf] dflgg] ;DaGwLJoj:yf x]bf{ pQm lgodsf] v08 -v_ df csf]{bnsf] ;b:otf lnPdf eGg] / v08 -3_ df k|rlntsfg"gadf]lhd bn Tofu u/]sf] dflgg] cGo s'g}sfo{ u/]df bn Tofu u/]sf] dflgG5 eGg] Joj:Yff/x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;af6 klg sfg"gadf]lhd bnTofu u/]sf] b]lvg' kg]{ clgjfo{tfnfO{ g} ;+ljwfgn]klg :jLsf/ u/]sf] kfOG5 .

    !!= cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^&-3_ dfsfg"gdf Joj:Yff ePadf]lhd bn Tofu u/]sf]b]lvPsf] cj:yfdf ;+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:otf l/Qmx'g] Joj:yf /x]sf] / bn Tofu u/]sf] dflgg] jfgdflgg] cj:yfx¿ lgwf{/0f ug] { ljwflosLclwsf/nfO{ pQm ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfn] ;Lldt u/]sf]s'g} cj:yf gb]lvPsf] x'Fbf bn Tofu P]g, @)%$ n];f];DaGwdf cfjZos Joj:Yff ug{ g;Sg] eGg]b]lvGg . t;y{ lgj]bssf] bfjLcg';f/ cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^&-3_ n] tf]Sb} gtf]s]sf] zt{ jf;Ldfsf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf sf/0f bn Tofu P]g,@)%$ sf] bkmf %-!_-3_ sf] Joj:yf cGtl/d;+ljwfgsf] wf/f ^&-3_ ;Fu aflemPsf] 5 eGgldNg] b]lvg cfpFb}g .

    !@= To;sf] cltl/Qm lgj]bsn] g]=s=kf=-dfn]_ bnaf6 lgisflzt u/]sf] eg]sf ljkIfL rf/hgf ;ef;bx¿n] g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn];dfhjfbL_ gfds bn ldlt @)^&.$.@! df u7gu/L ;f]xL lbg ;+ljwfg;efnfO{ hfgsf/L lbPsf]eGg] lhsL/ u/]sf] kfOG5 eg] ;f]kZrft\ ldlt@)^&.%.* df dfq} lgj]bs ;+ljwfg;ef bnsf]g]tf /x]sf] bn g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -dfn]_ n]lghx¿nfO{ pQm bnaf6 lgisfzg u/]sf] eGg]b]lvG5 . ljkIfL ;ef;bx¿n] u7g u/]sf] pQmgofF bnn] lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 dfGotf;d]t kfPsf]lgjf{rg cfof]usf] ldlt @)^*.!.!# r=g+= #$& sf]kqaf6 b]lvG5 . To;/L gofF bn u7g ePkZrft\;f] gofF bn;Fu ;Dj4 /x]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ lgj]bs;+ljwfg;ef bnsf] g]tf /x]sf] /fhgLlts bn g]skf-dfn]_ n] lgisfzg ug'{sf] s'g} cf}lrTo g} g/xg]x'Fbf lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd bn Tofu P]g, @)%$

  • 1 51 51 51 51 5

    sf] bkmf %-!_ -3_ sf] Joj:yf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f ̂ &-3_ ;d]t;Fu aflemPsf]eGg / ;f] cfwf/df ljkIfL ;ef;bx¿sf];+ljwfg;efsf] ;b:o kb l/Qm ePsf] 3f]if0ffug{;d]t gldNg] ePsf]n] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]zhf/L ug{ ldNg] b]lvPg . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]hx'g] 7x5{ . ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/L a'emfOlbg" .pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f}+ .Gof=k|]d zdf{Gof=ts{/fh e6[;+jt\ @)^* ;fn k'; & ut] /f]h % z'ed\Ohnf; clws[tM dft[sfk|;fb cfrfo{

    lg)f{o g+= 8746 lg)f{o g+= 8746 lg)f{o g+= 8746 lg)f{o g+= 8746 lg)f{o g+= 8746

    ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

    dfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;l/6 g+= @)^&–WS–))@#cfb]z ldltM @)^*.*.@(

    d'2fM– pTk]|if0f .lgj]bsM lhNnf bfË /fjt ufpF j8f g+= # 3/ e}

    xfn lhNnf :jf:Yo sfof{no ;Nofgdfsfo{/t tf/faxfb'/sf] 5f]/f jif{ %! sf]nId0f s]=;L= ;d]t

    lj?4ljkIfLM Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfno ;d]t

    § ;Da]bgzLn ;]jf k|jfx ubf{ cfjZosz}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf JolQm / cfjZosof]Uotf gk'u] klg k|fljlws ?kdf :t/j[l4eP/ dflyNnf] txdf k'u]sf JolQmx¿nfO{;dfg Jojxf/ x'g'k5{ eGg' Gofof]lrtgx'g] .

    § ;dfgtfsf] xsn] ;dfgx¿sf aLr ;dfg/ c;dfgsf aLr c;dfg Jojxf/ ug]{

    s'/fnfO{ bzf{pg] ePsf]n] lg/k]If ;dfgtfg t ;Dej 5 g t jf~5gLo g} x'G5 .s'g} vf; p2]Zo k"lt{ ug{ jf s'g} vf;;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ljwflosfn] ljz]ifsfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg] g} b]lvG5 / o;lsl;dsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf ubf{ ;f] sfg"gb]zsf gful/sx¿ dWo] s;sf] xsdf nfu"x'G5 / s;sf] xsdf x'Fb}g eg]/ ts{;+utjuL{s/0f (Reasonable Classification)ubf{ ;dfgtfsf] xs k|lts"n gx'g] .

    -k|s/0f g+=&_§ ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ s] s:tf] cfwf/df

    s;/L a9'jf / :t/j[l4 ug]{ eGg] ljifoJolQmsf] OR5f cfjZostf / rfxgfeGbfklg /fHosf] ;'ljwfsf] ljifo xf] . o:tf]Joj:yf ubf{ /fHon] ;dfgx¿sf aLrc;dfg Jojxf/ ug{ gx'g] eGg] ;dfgtfsf]l;4fGt eg] /fHon] kfngf ug'{kg]{ .

    § :ki6 cfwf/ / of]UotfnfO{ kl/efiff u/Lnf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k|lqmofaf6 lgo'lQmePsf] / :t/j[l4af6 lgo'lQm ePsf]sd{rf/LnfO{ :t/j[l4sf ;DaGwdf ul/Psf]Joj:yfaf6 ;dfgtfsf] xs tyf k]zf/f]huf/ ug]{ :jtGqtf ckx/0f eof] eGg]egfO{ sfg"g / ;+ljwfg;Ddt gb]lvg] .

    -k|s/0f g+=*_§ ;dfg Jojxf/sf] cy{ ljz]if u'0f /

    of]Uotfsf] a]jf:tf ug]{ eGg] xf]Og .nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k|lqmofaf6 lgo'lQmePsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ;]jf k|j]zsf]k"jf{j:yf g} km/s km/s ePsf]n] j[lQljsf;sf] dfkb08 ;dfg x'g'k5{ eGg] s'g};+j}wflgs k|Tofe"lt gePsfn] h'g P]gdfePsf] Joj:yfsf] kl/0ffd:j?k :t/j[l4eO{ ;'ljwf k|fKt u/]sf] xf] ;f]xL P]gsf];'ljwf cGo JolQmn] k|fKt u/]sf]df To;sf]pko 'Qmtfsf ;DaGwdf k |Zg ug ' {ljlwzf:qsf] :yflkt dfGotfljk/Lt x'g] .

    -k|s/0f g+=(_

    ÷lø

    *&$^–*&$^–*&$^–*&$^–*&$^– nId0f s]=;L= ;d]t lj=Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfno

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    1 61 61 61 61 6

    lgj]bs tkm{af6MljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf dx]z zdf{

    kf}8]ncjnlDat ghL/M;Da4 sfg"gM

    § g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf(-#_ / bkmf @^-s_-@_

    cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

    ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhd kg{ cfPsf]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+ cfb]z o;k|sf/ 5M–

    xfdL lgj]bsdWo] d nId0f s]=;L= ldlt@)%!.^.!# sf ] dWoklZrd If ]qLo :jf:Yolgb]{zgfno, ;'v]{tsf] lg0f{ocg';f/ Ifos'i7 ;xfoskbdf / lgj]bs >Lk|;fb >]i7 ldlt @)#&.(.* sf]:jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] lg0f{ocg';f/ kl/jf/ lgof]hg;xfos kbdf :yfoL lgo'lQm eO{ ;]jf/t /xL kl5Nnf];do :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf] )^$.$.!! sf]lg0f{ocg';f/ clws[t 5}7f}+ txaf6 clws[t ;ftf}+txdf :t/j[l4 eO{ lgj]bg v08df plNnlvt :yfgdfsfo{/t 5f}+ . h'g xfd|f] k]zf / /f]huf/LnfO{ tTsfnLgg]kfn clw/fHosf] ;+ljwfg, @)$& / g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#, :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%#,:jf:Yo ;]jf lgodfjnL, @)%% ;d]tn] ;+/If0fk|bfg u/]sf] 5 .

    g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f!# df ;dfgtfsf] wf/f -!_ df ;a} gful/ssfg"gsf] b[li6df ;dfg x'g]5g\ . s;}nfO{ klgsfg"gsf] ;dfg ;+/If0faf6 al~rt ul/g] 5}geGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5, h'g ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfaf6xfdL lgj]bsx¿n] g]kfnsf] k|rlnt sfg"gsf] k|of]u;a} gful/s / sd{rf/Lx¿ ;/x g} pkef]u ug{kfpFb5f}+ . g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf(-!_ df æz'? lgo'lQm eO{ kb:yfkgf ePsf clws[t5}7f}+ txsf sd{rf/L / clws[t ;ftf}+ txsf d]l8snclws[t, 8]G6n clws[t, cfo'j]{lbs lrlsT;sPsLs[t lrlsT;f clws[t jf ;f] ;/xsf cGo

    lrlsT;f clws[tx¿n] slDtdf Ps jif{ clt b'u{djf ;f] ;/xsf cGo lrlsT;f clws[tx¿n] slDtdfPs jif{ clt b'u{d jf b'O{ jif{ b'u{d If]qdf sfdu/L z'? lgo'lQm eO{ kb:yfkgf ePsf] ldltb]lvtLg jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf slDtdfpQd cÍ k|fKt u/]sf sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ qmdzM;ftf}+ / cf7f}+ txsf] kbdf :t/j[l4 ul/g]5Æ eGg]Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 eGg], P]= bkmf -#_ df pkbkmf @adf]lhd clws[t 5}7f}+ txaf6 ;ftf}+ txdf :t/j[l4x'g] sd{rf/Lx¿n] ;f] kbdf /xL @ jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdf slDtdf pQd cÍ k|fKt u/]dfTo:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{ cf7f}+ txsf] kbdf :t/j[l4ul/g]5Æ eGg] / P]gsf] bkmf -&s_ r df æof] bkmfk|f/De x'g' cl3 nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k|lqmof k"/fu/L 5 }7f } + / ;ftf } + txdf lgo 'Qm ePsfsd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ qmdzM ;DalGwt ;d"xsf] cf7f}+txdfÆ eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] 5 . xfdL lgj]bsx¿5}7f}+ / ;ftf}+ txdf z'? lgo'lQm geO{ qmdzM:t/j[l4sf] dfWodaf6 :t/j[l4 ePsf sd{rf/Lx¿xf}+ . ;]jfsf] lx;fan] xfdL lgj]bsx¿ klg v'Nnf?kdf lgo'Qm ePsf sd{rf/Lx¿ ;/x g} ;]jf ub}{cfO/x]sf] 5f}+ . v'Nnf ?kdf lgo'Qm eO{ a9'jf x'g]sd{rf/L / xfdL :t/j[l4sf] dfWodaf6 kbf]Ggltx'g] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf Pp6} eO;s]kl5 xfdLlgj]bsn] ;d]t cGo xfdL ;/xsf sd{rf/Ln]k|fKt ug]{ ;+ljwfg / sfg"g k|bQ ;]jf ;'ljwf /clwsf/sf] k|of]u lglj{jfb ?kdf k|of]u ug{ kfpg'kb{5 .

    xfdL ;/xsf v'Nnf ?kdf ;]jf k|j]zu/]sf sd{rf/L :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf( df jl0f{t Joj:yfcg';f/ :t/j[l4 eO/x]sf5g\ . xfdL :t/j[l4sf] dfWodaf6 :t/j[l4 ePsfsd{rf/Lsf] xsdf :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf]bkmf (-!_ sf] :t/j[l4 ul/g] Joj:yfdf s] s:tf]k|lqmofaf6 :t/j[l4 ug]{ xf] ;f] pNn]v ul/Psf]5}g eg] v'Nnf ?kdf ;]jfsf] 5}7f}+ / ;ftf}+ txdfk|Jf]z u/]sf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf dfq :t/j[l4sf]Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . xfdL :t/j[l4sf] dfWodaf6;ftf}+ txdf :t/j[l4 eO{ sfo{/t sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf

  • 1 71 71 71 71 7

    :t/j[l4;DaGwL s'g} Joj:yf gePaf6 ;dfg:t/sf sd{rf/Lx¿ aLr c;dfg Jojxf/ u/]af6To:tf c;dfg sfg"gnfO{ k|f/Deb]lv g} cdfGo /ab/ 3f]lift u/L kfpg ;fy} lgj]bssf] xsdf:t/j[l4sf] Joj:yf ug'{ egL k/dfb]zsf] cfb]zhf/L u/L kfpg g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f !)&-!_-@_ adf]lhd ;Ddflgt cbfntdfof] lgj]bg lnO{ pkl:yt ePsf 5f}+ .

    dfly plNnlvt tYo tyf sfg"gsfcfwf/df :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf (-@_,-#_, -&s_ sf] -r_, n] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f !# åf/f k|bQ df}lns xspk/cg'lrt aGb]h nufPsf]n] :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%#sf] bkmf (-@_, -#_, -&s_ sf] -r_, g]kfnsf] cGtl/d;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhd k|f/Deb]lvg} cdfGo / ab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bgbfjL .

    o;df lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/Lx'g' gkg]{ sf/0f eP af6fsf] Dofb afx]s !% lbgleqlnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf] cfb]z .

    ldlt @)^#.*.@! k"j{ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf]k|lqmof k"/f u/L 5}7f}+ tyf ;ftf}+ txdf lgo'lQm x'g]sd{rf/LnfO{ dfq ;ftf}+ tyf cf7f}+ txdf :t/j[l4ug{ ;lsg] b]lvPsf]df lgj]bsx¿ pQm P]gsf] bkmf(-&v_ adf]lhd ;ftf}+ txdf :t/j[l4 ePsf]n]lghx¿ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L 5}7f}+txsf kbdf lgo'lQm ge} :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%#nfu" ePkl5 /f=k=cg+= k|yd >]0fLsf] kbaf6 :jf:Yo;]jfsf] 5}7f} + txdf kb ldnfg ePsf] x' Fbflgj]bsx¿nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf (-&s_-r_ adf]lhd :t/j[l4 ug'{kg]{ xf]Og eGg] :jf:Yotyf hg;+Vof dGqfno / :jf:Yo ;]jf ljefusf]5'§f5'§} lnlvt hjfkm .

    ljkIfLn] h'g P]gdf ePsf] Joj:yfnfO{:jLsf/ u/L ;f]adf]lhd ;]jf ;'ljwf ;d]t pkef]uug'{ ePsf] 5 . ToxL k|fjwfgnfO{ ab/ u/L v'nfk|lt:kwf{af6 cfPsf cGo sd{rf/L ;/x ;dfg;'ljwf kfpg' kg]{ eGg] ljkIfL lgj]bsx¿sf] egfO{plrt / dgfl;j gx'g'sf cltl/Qm ;Ddflgt cbfnt

    ;dIf l/6 bfo/ ug{ ljjGwgsf] l;4fGtadf]lhdgldNg] x'Fbf lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{nosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

    sfg"g lgdf{0f ug]{ Psnf}6L clwsf/ k|fKtljwflosfn] ljwflosL ljj]ssf] k|of]u u/L agfPsf]g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf ( sf]pkbkmf @, # / &s sf] v08 -r_ ;dfgtfsf]l;4fGtljk/Lt gx'Fbf cdfGo x'g] cj:yf 5}g . lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfnosf]lnlvt hjfkm .

    g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/LnfO{s] s:tf] / s'g cfwf/df :t/j[l4 ug]{ eGg] ljifo;DalGwt dGqfnosf] sfo{If]q leq kg]{ ePsf] /To; ;DaGwdf o; dGqfno c;DalGwt lgsfoePsf] tyf To:tf] sfo{ sfg"gn] :ki6 ?kn] Joj:yfu/L sfg"gL k|lqmof Pj+ dfkb08adf]lhd ePsf]b]lvFbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] sfg"g tyfGofo dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

    lgodadf]lhd cfhsf] k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf]tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmf dx]z zdf{kf}8]nn] lgj]bsx¿n] 5}7f}+ / ;ftf}+ txdf z'? lgo'lQmgeO{ :t/j[l4 ePsf] egL :jLsf/ u/]sf] cj:yf 5/ v'Nnf ?kdf lgo'lQm eO{ a9'jf x'g] sd{rf/L /:t/j[l4sf] dfWodaf6 kbf]Gglt x'g] sd{rf/L ;dfgxf] eGg' cfkm}df lj/f]wfefifk"0f{ ePsf]n] l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h x'g'k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] .

    ljåfg ;xGofoflwjQmfsf] ax; ;'gL lgj]bgkq;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n sfuhft cWoog u/Lx]bf{ lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] jfxf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

    @= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ ljkIfL lgsfon]v'nf ?kdf 5}7f} / ;ftf}+ txdf ;]jf k|j]z u/]sfxfn xfdL ;/xsf ;ftf}+ txsf sd{rf/Lx¿ cf7f}+txdf :t/j[l4 e}/x]sf 5g\ . xfdL lgj]bs@)^$.$.!! df clws[t ;ftf} txdf :t/j[l4ePsf]n] g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf(-#_ / bkmf @^-s_-@_ adf]lhd tLg jif{ eGbfa9L ;do JotLt ePsf] / b'O{ jif{sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg

    *&$^–*&$^–*&$^–*&$^–*&$^– nId0f s]=;L= ;d]t lj=Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfno ;d]t

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    1 818181818

    d"NofÍgdf slDtdf pQd /x]sf]df )^^.$.!! af6cf7f} + txdf :t/j[l4sf] kq ljkIfL lgsfon]lbg'kg]{df k6s k6s lgj]bg lbFbf ;d]t :t/j[l4ul/Psf] 5}g . ljkIfLx¿sf] o:tf] c;dfg sfo{n]xfdL lgj]bssf] sfg"gL tyf ;+j}wflgs xs xggePsf]n] g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf(, (-#_ / @^-s_-@_ adf]lhd @)^$.$.!! af6b'O{ jif{ k'u]sf] ldlt @)^^.$.!! af6 h]i7tf sfodx'g] u/L cf7f}+ txdf :t/j[l4 ug'{ eGg] k/dfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm / olb :t/j[l4 ;DaGwL :jf:Yo;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf (-#_, (-@_ / &-s_ sf]-r_ xfdL lgj]bssf] xsdf nfu" x'g g;s]sf]cj:yfdf o:tf] c;dfg sfg"gL Joj:yf g]kfnsf]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhdab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg bfjL ePsf]dfxfnsf] sfg"gL Joj:yfaf6 lgj]bsx¿sf] df}lnsxsdf s] s;/L c;/ u/]sf] lgj]bgdf :ki6v'nfpg ;s]sf] gb]lvFbf lgj]bg vf/]h x'g'k5{eGg] lnlvt hjfkm /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

    #= o;df lgj]bsx¿n] cfkm"x¿ 5}7f}+ /;ftf+} txdf z'? lgo'lQm geO{ :t/j[l4sf] dfWodaf6pQm txdf xfn jxfn /x]sf] eGg] tYonfO{ cfˆgf]lgj]bgdf :jLsf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . t/ v'nf ?kdflgo'lQm eO{ a9'jf x'g] sd{rf/L / :t/j[l4sf]dfWodåf/f kbf]Gglt x'g] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf Pp6}e};s]kl5 xfdL lgj]bsn] ;d]t cGo xfdL ;/xsfsd{rf/Lx¿n] k|fKt ug]{ ;+ljwfg / sfg"g k|bQ;]jf ;'ljwf / clwsf/sf] k|of]u lgjf{w ?kdf ug{kfpg' k5{ eGg] g} lgj]bsx¿sf] d'Vo bfjL /x]sf]b]lvG5 .

    $= lgj]bsx¿n] ;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf]egL bfjL lnPsf] g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%#sf] bkmf (-@_ df /x]sf] sfg"gL Joj:yf x]bf{ z'?lgo'lQm e} kb:yfkg ePsf clws[t 5}7f}+ txsfsd{rf/L / clws[t ;ftf}+ txsf d]l8sn clws[t;d]tn] sDtLdf Ps jif{ clt b'u{d jf b'O{ jif{b'u{d If]qdf sfd u/L z'? lgo'lQm e} kb:yfkgePsf] ldltb]lv tLg jif {sf ] sfo{ ;Dkfbgd"NofÍgdf sDtLdf pQd cÍ k|fKt u/]sf

    sd{rf/LnfO{ qmdzM ;ftf}= / cf7f}+ txsf] kbdf:t/j[l4 ul/g] eGg] pNn]v ePsf] kfOG5 .o;}u/L bkmf (-#_ df o;/L clws[t 5}7f}+ txaf6;ftf} txsf] kbdf :t/j[l4 x'g] sd{rf/Ln] ;f]kbdf /xL b'O{ jif{sf] sfo{;Dkfbg d"NofÍgdfsDtLdf pQd cÍ k|fKt u/]df To:tf] sd{rf/LnfO{cf7f}+ txsf] kbdf :t/j[l4 ul/g] Joj:yf ul/Psf]b]lvG5 eg] bkmf ( sf] pkbkmf -&s_ sf] v08-r_ df of] bkmf k|f/De x'g' cl3 nf]s;]jfcfof]usf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L 5}7f} / ;ftf}+ txdflgo'lQm ePsf sd{rf/LnfO{ qmdzM ;DalGwt;d"xsf] ;ftf} / cf7f}+ txdf :t/j[l4 ul/g] pNn]vul/Psf] kfOG5 .

    %= lgj]bsx¿ ldlt @)^$.$.!! sf]lg0f{ocg';f/ clws[t 5}7f} txaf6 ;ftf}+ txdf:t/j[l4 ePsf] eGg] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsx¿n] pQmtxdf cfjZos kg]{ Go"gtd\ z}lIfs of]Uotf ;d]tcfkm";Fu ePsf] egL bfjL u/]sf] lgj]bgaf6b]lvFb}g . :t/j[l4sf] dfWodjf6 pQm txdf k'uL;s]kl5 cfjZos Go"gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf eO{nf]s;]jfsf] k|lqmofadf]lhd k|lt:kwf{af6 cfPsfcGo JolQm ;/xsf] clwsf/ j9'jf k|of]hgsf]nflu cfkm"nfO{ klg x'g'k5{ eGg] bfjL b]lvG5 .g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf (-$_ /(-%_ df klg :t/j[l4;DaGwL Joj:yf ul/Psf] /h;cg';f/ ;f] P]g k|f/De x'g' cl3 lghfdtL ;]jfP]g, @)$( adf]lhd g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jfsf]/fhkqf+lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf jxfn /x]sf]sd{rf/L tyf g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g k|f/De ePkl5klg /fhkqf+lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf :yfoL ?kn]axfn /x]sf / ;]jf ;d"x jf pk;d"x;Fu ;DalGwtl8u|L k|fKt u/]df To:tf sd{rf/L ;d]t cf7f}+txdf :t/j[l4 ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 .o;sf cltl/Qm :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g nfu" ePkl5P]gsf] bkmf (-&v_ df ;+jt\ @)%$ h]7 !$ ut]kl5 tx ldnfg eO{ 5}7f}+ clws[t txdf sfo{/tsd{rf/Lsf] nflu 5'§} k'n b/aGbLsf] Joj:yf u/L;DalGwt ;d"xsf] ;ftf}+ txdf :t/j[l4 ul/g]Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 .

  • 1 91 91 91 91 9

    ^= o;k|sf/ g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%#sf] :t/j[l4 ;DaGwL sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] agf}6 x]bf{cfjZos Go'gtd z}lIfs of]Uotf ePsf / nf]s;]jfcfof]usf] k|lqmof k"/f u/L 5}7f}+ jf ;ftf}+ txdflgo'lQm ePsf jf g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g nfu"x'g'eGbf cl3 lghfdtL ;]jf P]g adf]lhd :jf:Yo;]jfsf] /fhkqf+lst t[tLo >]0fLdf axfn /x]sf /:jf:Yo ;]jf P]g k|f/De ePkl5 :jf:Yo ;]jfsf]/fhkqf+lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] kbdf :yfoL ?kn] axfn/xL cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf k|fKt JolQm dfq:t/j[l4sf dfWod4f/f cf7f}+ txdf :t/j[l4 x'g;Sg] / :jf:Yo ;]jf P]g nfu" ePkl5 :jt :t/j[l4ePsf cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf gePsf / cjlwk'u]sf] lx;fan] k|fljlws ?kdf :jt :t/j[l4 ePsfsd{rf/Lx¿ ;ftf}+ txeGbf dfly hfg g;Sg] cj:yfb]lvG5 .

    &= g]kfn :jf:Yo ;]jf hgtfsf] :j:Yo;Fuk|ToIf ?kn] ;/f]sf/ /fVg] ;Da]bgzLn ;]jfsf]If]q ePsf]n] ToxfF sfo{/t hgzlQm of]Uo ;Ifd/ bIf x'g'kg]{ eGg]df ljjfb /xg ;Sb}g . o:tf];Da]bgzLn ;]jf k|jfx ubf{ cfjZos z}lIfsof]Uotf ePsf JolQm / cfjZos of]Uotf gk'u]klg k|fljlws ?kdf :t/j[l4 eP/ dflyNnf] txdfk'u]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;dfg Jojxf/ x'g'k5{ eGg'Gofof]lrt b]lvFb}g . ;dfgtfsf] xsn] ;dfgx¿sfaLr ;dfg / c;dfgsf aLr c;dfg Jojxf/ug]{ s'/fnfO{ bzf{pg] ePsf]n] lg/k]If ;dfgtf gt ;Dej 5 g t jf~5gLo g} x'G5 . s'g} vf;p2]Zo k"lt{ ug{ jf s'g} vf; ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgug{ ljwflosfn] ljz]if sfg"gL Joj:yf ug{ ;Sg]g} b]lvG5 / o; lsl;dsf] sfg"gL Joj:yf ubf{;f] sfg"g b]zsf gful/sx¿ dWo] s;sf] xsdfnfu" x'G5 / s;sf] xsdf x'Fb}g eg]/ ts{;+utjuL{s/0f (Reasonable Classification) ubf{;dfgtfsf] xs k|lts"n x'Fb}g .

    *= g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f !%# df ;/sf/L ;]jfsf] u7g ;~rfng /;]jfsf zt{x¿ P]g åf/f lgwf{/0f u/]adf]lhd x'g]Joj:yf ul/Psf] / ;f]xL clwsf/sf] k|of]u u/L

    ljwflosfn] g]kfn :j:Yo ;]jf P]g lgdf{0f u/]sf]b]lvG5 . ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ s] s:tf] cfwf/dfs;/L a9'jf / :t/j[l4 ug]{ eGg] ljifo JolQmsf]OR5f cfjZostf / rfxgf eGbf klg /fHosf];'ljwfsf] ljifo xf] . o:tf] Joj:yf ubf{ /fHon];dfgx¿sf aLr c;dfg Jojxf/ ug{ gx'g] eGg];dfgtfsf] l;4fGt eg] /fHon] kfngf ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .t/ :ki6 cfwf/ / of]UotfnfO{ kl/efiff u/L nf]s;]jfcfof]usf] k|lqmofaf6 lgo'lQm ePsf] / :t/j[l4af6lgo'lQm ePsf] sd{rf/LnfO{ :t/j[l4sf ;DaGwdful/Psf] Joj:yfaf6 ;dfgtfsf] xs tyf k]zf/f ]huf/ ug] { :jtGqtf ckx/0f eof ] eGg]lgj]bsx¿sf] egfO{ sfg"g / ;+ljwfg;Ddt b]lvgcfPg .

    (= ;dfg Jojxf/sf] cy{ ljz]if u'0f /of]Uotfsf] a]jf:tf ug]{ eGg] xf]Og . nf]s;]jfcfof]usf] k|lqmofaf6 lgo'lQm ePsf 5}7f}+ / ;ftf}+txsf sd{rf/L / lgj]bsx¿sf] ;]jf k|j]zsf]k"jf{j:yf g} km/s km/s ePsf]n] j[lQ ljsf;sf]dfkb08 ;dfg x'g'k5{ eGg] lsl;dsf] s'g} ;+j}wflgsk|Tofe"lt klg b]lvFb}g . h'g P]gdf ePsf] Joj:yfsf]kl/0ffd:j?k :t/j[l4 eO{ lgj]bsx¿n] ;'ljwf k|fKtu/]sf] xf] ;f]xL P]gsf] ;'ljwf cGo JolQmn] k|fKtu/]sf]df To;sf] pko'Qmtfsf ;DaGwdf k|Zg ug'{ljlwzf:qsf] :yflkt dfGotfljk/Lt ;d]t b]lvG5 .

    !)= t;y{ ljj]lrt cfwf/ sf/0faf6 g]kfn:jf:Yo ;]jf P]g, @)%# sf] bkmf (-#_, (-@_ / &-s_ sf] -r_ g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf]wf/f !# ljk/Lt b]lvg gcfPsf]n] lgj]bssf]dfuadf]lhd ab/ 3f]lift ug'{kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPg .l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . ldl;n lgodfg';f/u/L a'emfO{ lbg" .pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f} .Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{Gof=sdngf/fo0f bf;;+jt\ @)^* d+l;/ @( ut] /f]h % z'ed\ ==Ohnf; clws[t M s[i0fd'/f/L lzjsf]6L

    ÷lø

    *&$^–*&$^–*&$^–*&$^–*&$^– nId0f s]=;L= ;d]t lj=Joj:yflksf ;+;b ;lrjfno ;d]t

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    2020202020

    lg)f{o g+= 8747 lg)f{o g+= 8747 lg)f{o g+= 8747 lg)f{o g+= 8747 lg)f{o g+= 8747

    ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ljz]if Ohnf;dfggLo GofofwLz >L sNof0f >]i7dfggLo GofofwLz >L ;'zLnf sfsL{

    dfggLo GofofwLz >L sdngf/fo0f bf;l/6 g+= @)^&–WS–))%*cfb]z ldltM @)^*.*.@(.%

    d'2fM– pTk]|if0f .lgj]bsM dsjfgk'/ lhNnf, x]6f}+8f g=kf= j8f g+= &

    a:g] clwjQmf w'|jk|;fb rf}nfufO{lj?4

    ljkIfLM k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no

    § u'7L hUuf / /}+s/ hUufsf] :jfldTj, p2]Zo/ k|s[ltsf sf/0f ;dfg eGg ;lsg]b]lvFb}g . c;dfg k|s[ltsf] hUufdf sfod/x]sf] df]xLsf] ;dfg clwsf/ sfod x'g'k5{eGg' ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGtcg's"n x'gg;Sg] .

    § km/s k|s[ltsf hUufsf] df]xLnfO{ ;dfgclwsf/sf] dfu ug'{ Gofof]lrt x'Fb}g . s:tfljifodf slt ;fDklQs clwsf/ lbg] eGg]ljifo Goflos ?kn] lg/f]k0f ul/g] ljifogeO{ /fHon] lg0f{o ug]{ gLltut ljifoleqkg]{ .

    -k|s/0f g+=$_§ hUuf afF8kmfF8af6 cfwf hUufdf :jfldTj

    k|fKt u/]kl5 df]xLn] df]xLsf] x}l;otaf6geO{ hUufwgLs} x}l;otn] cfˆgf] hUufa]rljvgnufot lgjf{w ?kdf ef]urngug{;Sg] .

    -k|s/0f g+=%_

    lgj]bs tkm{af6M ljåfg clwjQmf w'|jk|;fb rf}nfufO{ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg pkGofofwLjQmf of]u/fh a/fncjnlDat ghL/M

    ;Da4 sfg"gM§ dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf &-@_§ hUuf gfkhfFr P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf ^-v_§ e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^-s_§ u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #)

    cfb]zGof=sNof0f >]i7M g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

    ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-!_ adf]lhd bfo/ x'gcfPsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] ;+lIfKt tYo Pj+ cfb]zo; k|sf/ 5M–

    d lgj]bs ljut !* jif{b]lv sfg"gJoj;fo u/L cfPsf] g]kfnL gful/s x'F . sfg"gLzf;g / ;dfgtfsf] ;jfndf s'g} gful/s k|lte]befj x'g' x'Fb}g ;a} ;dfg x'g'kb{5 eGg] ;jfndfb[9 eP/ d nfuL /x]sf] 5' . jt{dfg ;Gbe{dfe"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! / u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)##df ePsf] Joj:yfn] df]xL ;DaGwdf s]xL ljjfbl;h{gf u/]sf] 5 . 5"6 hUuf btf{sf] ;DaGwdfP]gljk/Lt dfnkf]t ljefun] sfo{ u/L /x]sf] 5 .df]xL / hUufwgLsf] aLrdf hUuf afF8kmfF8dfjiff}+{b]lv lgj]bg k/] klg cGof}ntf /x]sf] 5 . o:tfs'/fx¿ dfnkf]t P]g, e"ld ;DaGwL P]gdf ePsf]Joj:yfn] gful/ssf] g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg,@)^# sf] wf/f !( åf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] ;+j}wflgsxs clwsf/x¿ s'l07t ;d]t eO/x]sf]n] / o:tf]cGof}n sfod} /fVbf hgdfg;df b'Mv / cGof}nsfod /xL /xg] x'Fbf o:tf] cGof}ntfnfO{ cGTo ug]{cGo s'g} sfg"gL pkrf/sf] af6f] ;d]t tTsfngePsf]n] cfd ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] tkm{af6 of];fj{hlgs ;/f]sf/sf] l/6 lgj]bg lnO pkl:ytePsf] 5' .

    dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf & hUufsf]btf{ ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf cGtu{t bkmf ^ sf]pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd btf{ lstfa v8f ubf{ hUuf-gfkhfFr_ P]g, @)!(, cGtu{t gfkL x'Fbf s'g} hUufsf]gfkL gS;f ug{ 5"6 x'g uPsf]df dfnkf]t sfof{non]gfkL ljefusf] ;xdlt lnO{ tf]lsPsf] ;ldltsf]l;kmfl/zdf ;f] hUufsf] gfkL gS;f u/fO{ btf{ ug{

  • 2 12 12 12 12 1

    ;Sg]5 egL pNn]v u/]sf] 5 eg] dfnkf]t P]g,@)#$ sf] bkmf &-@_ df hUuf gfkhfFr P]g, @)!(adf]lhd gfkgS;f ePsf] s'g} hUuf btf{ ug{;Dd5"6 ePsf]df pQm hUufsf] ;fljs btf{, lt/f] /ef]u;d]tsf] k|lqmof ckgfO{ dfnkf]t sfof{non]To:tf] hUuf btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] btf{ ;DaGwdfdfnkf]t sfof{non] lgj]bg k/]sf] b'O{ jif{leq clGtd6'Ëf] nufO{ ;Sg'kg]{5 egL pNn]v eO{ /x]sf] 5 .

    hUuf -gfk hfFr_ P]g, @)!( sf] bkmf ^-v_ df 5"6 hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 /hUuf btf{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfx¿ ul/Psf] 5 . o;/LhUuf btf{ ;DaGwdf P]gdf k|i6 sfg"gL Joj:yf/x]sf] eP tfklg /}s/ hUufsf] btf{sf] nflu k/]sflgj]bgsf] clGtd 6'Ëf] nufpg] ;DaGwdf egLdfnkf]t ljefun] ldlt @)^^.&.!% df ;a} dfnkf]tsfof{nox¿nfO{ hUuf -gfkhfFr_ P]g, @)!(adf]lhd gfk gS;f ePsf] s'g} hUuf btf{ ug{;Dd5"6 eO{ To:tf] hUuf btf{sf] nflu dfnkf]t P]g,@)#$ sf] bkmf & sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd /}s/tkm{sf] hUuf btf{sf] nflu lgj]bg k/L lgj]bgk/]sf] ldltn] @ jif{leq clGtd 6'Ëf] nflu g;s]sf]lgj]bgx¿sf] clGtd 6'+uf] nufpg] Dofb ;+jt\ @)^*;fn r}t d;fGt;Dd yk ul/Psf] 5 . pQm Dofbleqk/]sf lgj]bgx¿sf] clGtd 6'+uf] nufpg] sfo{ pQmcjlwleq ul/;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ u/fpg g]kfn ;/sf/-df=dGqL:t/_ sf] ldlt @)^^.&.!! sf] lg0f{ofg';f/cg'/f]w 5 egL e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfno-hUuf k|zf;gzfvf_ sf] k=;=h=l6= !%#!.)^^.^&g+= @!# r=g+= ^$# ldlt @)^^.&.!@ sf] kqaf6n]vL cfPsf]n] n]vL cfPadf]lhd ug' { x'gcfb]zfg';f/ cg'/f]w 5 egL dfnkf]t ljefun] P]gljk/Lt cgfjZos ?kdf ;Ldf lgwf{/0f ug]{ sfdu/L hUuf btf{sf] k|lqmofnfO{ P]g ljk/Lt sfd u/L;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;DklQ;DaGwL xsdf s'l07tu/L cfPsf] 5 .

    To;} u/L v >]0fLsf] ljtf{ hUufbtf{sf]nflu b/vf:t lbg] / k/]sf b/vf:tx¿sf]sf/jfxL 6'Ëf] nufpg] Dofb ;DaGwdf egLe"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfno -hUuf k|zf;g

    zfvf_ sf] ldlt @)^^.!).# sf] kq adf]lhd ljtf{pGd'ng lgodfjnL, @)!& sf] lgod #-v_ df@)^^ ;fn r}t d;fGt;Dd v >]0fLsf] ljtf{hUuf btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu P]gsf] bkmf &-s_adf]lhd k/]sf] b/vf:t / P]gsf] bkmf !@-s_ sf]k|ltaGwfTds jfSof+zadf]lhd /}s/df kl/0ft u/LhUuf btf{ u/fpg k/]sf lgj]bgx¿ pk/ ;+jt\@)^& ;fn r}t d;fGt leq sf/jfxL 6Fuf] nufO{;Sg'kg]{5 egL ;+zf]wg ug]{ egL kl/kq eO/x]sf]5 . h'g sfo{x¿n] cfd ;/f]sf/jfnf JolQmx¿sf]g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !(-!_åf/f k|bfg ul/Psf] ;DklQ;DaGwL clwsf/dfcf3ft k'Ug] sfd ljkIfLx¿af6 ljgf s'g} ts{p2]Zo / sf/0f eO/x]sf] 5 / ;DklQ ef]u ug]{;jfndf zt{ sfod u/L ;DklQsf] xsnfO{ s'l07tu/fpg] sfd ul/Psf] 5 .

    e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^-s_df df]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL gx'g] egL k|i6 sfg"gLJoj:yf u/]sf] 5 eg] u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf]bkmf #) df df]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL ug{ ;lsg]ljz]if Joj:yf e"ld;'wf/ P]g, @)@! tyf cGok|rlnt g]kfn sfg"gdf h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg o; P]gadf]lhd df]lxofgLdf sdfO{ cfPsf]hUufsf] df]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL x'g ;Sg]5 egLpNn]v ePsf] 5 .

    e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^-s_df df]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL gx'g] egL u/]sf]sfg"gL Joj:yf / u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf#) df df]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL ug{ ;lsg] eGg]sfg"gL Joj:yf g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^#sf] wf/f !# adf]lhd c;dfg ePsf]n] e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^-s_ df df]lxofgL xs v/LbljqmL gx'g] eGg] sfg"gL Joj:yf ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f!#, Wff/f !(-!_-@_ sf] ;d]t ljk/Lt ePsf]n] pQmJoj:yfnfO{ k|f/Deb]lv g} ab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm .;fy} u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #) sf] Joj:yfn];+ljwfgsf] wf/f !(-!_-@_ sf] ;DklQsf] xsnfO{cem k|efjsf/L agfO{ lagf cÍ'z :jfldTj k|fKtu/L pkef]u ug{ kfpg] egL pNn]v ePadf]lhd

    *&$&–*&$&–*&$&–*&$&–*&$&– w'|jk|;fb rf}nfufO{ lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    2 22 22 22 22 2

    e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^-s_ df ;d]t;+zf]wg u/L df]xL xs v/Lb ljqmL ug]{ Joj:yf ug{k/dfb]z hf/L u/L tTsfnsf nflu P]g ;+zf]wggeO~h]n;Ddsf nflu df]xL xs v/Lb ljqmL ug'{ug{ nufpg' egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf k/dfb]zhf/L ul/kfpFm .

    ;fy} g]kfn ;/sf/n] e"ld;DaGwL P]g,@)@! sf] bkmf @^3! n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/Ldf]xL nfu]sf] hUuf hUufjfnf / df]xLn] afF8kmfF8u/L lng lgj]bg lbg] Dofb @)^# ;fn r}td;fGt;Dd / ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf @^-3_ # n] lbPsf]clwsf/ k|of]u u/L df]xL nfu]sf] hUuf hUufjfnf/ df]xLaLr afF8kmfF8 ug]{ sf/jfxL 6'Ëf] nufO ;Sg'kg]{cjlw @)^$ ;fn r}t d;fGt;Dd tf]s]sf]n] hUufafF8kmfF8 ug{ lgj]bg lbg] / sf/jfxL 6+uf] nufpg'kg]{ ;DaGwL cWofb]z / sfod /x]sf] e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^-3_# df ePsf] Joj:yfn]cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !(-!_-@_ n] k|bfgu/]sf] xs clwsf/nfO{ s'l07t u/L e"ld;'wf/sfof{nonfO{ afWo agfPsf] @ jif{leq sfo{ ;DkGgug'{kg]{ sfo{nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL pQm hUuf afF8kmfF8sf]sfo{ gx'Fbf cfd ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ;+j}wflgsxsaf6 al~rt x'g' k/]sf]n] hUuf afF8kmFf8;DaGwLsfo{x¿ /f]Sg] ldlt @)^#.#.!# sf] e"ld;'wf/ tyfJoj:yfkg ljefu e"ld;'wf/ zfvfsf] kqnufotsf;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/jfxLx¿ pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]zåf/f ab/u/L ljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf hUufafF8kmfF8 ug'{, ug{lbg' egL k/dfb]znufot hf] rflxg] cf1f cfb]zjf k"lh{ hf/L ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bg bfjL .

    o;df lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/Lx'g' gkg]{ s'g} sf/0f eP af6fsf] Dofb afx]s !%lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{ eGg] o; cbfntsf]cfb]z .

    u'7L / /}+s/ hUufsf] :jfldTj, cj:yf /:j?k km/s /x]sf] / ;f] hUuf sdfpg] JolQmsf]nflu ljwflosfn] sfg"g agfpFbf ;f]xL 9Ën];f]rljrf/ u/L lgdf{0f u/]sf] x'Fbf u'7L ;+:yfg P]g,@)## / e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! df ePsf] sfg"gLJoj:yf cfkm}df k[ys k[ys ePsf]n] Ps cfk;df

    aflemPsf] eGg ldNb}g . t;y{ k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdflgj]bsn] u'7L / /}+s/ hUufnfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf NofO{Ps} k|s[ltsf] hUufsf] ?kdf JofVof ug'{ Gofo /ts{;+ut gePsf]n] lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg]e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

    l/6 lgj]bsn] o; sfof{nosf] s] s'gsfdsf/jfxL jf lg0f{on] lghsf] ;+ljwfg k|bQdf}lns xsdf afwf pTkGg u/]sf] xf] egL cfˆgf]lgj]bgdf pNn]v ug{ g;Sg'sf cltl/Qm c;DalGwtljifodf o; sfof{nonfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ lbPsf]k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] k|wfgdGqLtyf dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{nosf] lnlvt hjfkm .

    o; ljefusf] ldlt @)^^.#.!#, )^^.&.!%/ ldlt @)^^.!).# sf kl/kqx¿ dlGqkl/ifb\sf]lg0f{o Pj+ e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf]kl/kqadf]lhd e} sfg"gcg'¿k g} /x]sf]n] l/6 lgj]bgvf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yfkgljefusf] lnlvt hjfkm .

    lgodadf]lhd cfhsf] k]zL ;"rLdf r9Lk]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bs clwjQmfw'|jk|;fb rf}nfufO{n] ljkIfLsf kl/kqx¿af6 5"6hUuf btf{ u/fpg /f]s nufPsf] / e"ld;DaGwLP]g, @)@! sf] bkmf @^-s_ df df]lxofgL xs v/LbljqmL gx'g] eGg] / u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf#) df df]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL x'g] eGg] Joj:yf;+ljwfg k|bQ ;dfgtfsf] xsljk/Lt ePsf]n]df]lxofgL v/Lb ljqmL gx'g] e"ld;DaGwL P]gsf]Joj:yf ab/ 3f]lift x'g' k5{ eGg] ax; ug'{eof] .ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfgpkGofoflwjQmf of]u/fh a/fnn] lgj]bsn] p7fPsf]ljifoj:t' c:ki6 ljz]if Ohnf;af6 x]g]{ k|s[lQsf]gePsf]n] lgj]bg vf/]h x'g' k5{ egL ax; ug'{eof] .

    ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] ax; ;'gLlgj]bg kq;lxtsf] ;Dk"0f{ ldl;n cWoog u/L x]bf{lgj]bg dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf] jfxf]Og eGg] ;DaGwdf lg0f{o lbg'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

    @= lg0f{otkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ e"ld ;DaGwLP]g, @)@! / u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## df ePsf]km/s km/s Joj:yfn] df]xL ;DaGwdf s]xL ljjfb

  • 2 32 32 32 32 3

    l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . dfnkf]t P]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf &-@_ df gfkgS;f ePsf] s'g} hUuf btf{ ug{;Dd5"6 ePsf]df ;fljs btf{ lt/f] / ef]u ;d]tsf]k|lqmof ckgfO{ dfnkf]t sfof{non] btf{ ug{ ;Sg]5eGg] Joj:yf 5 . To:t} hUuf gfkhfFr P]g, @)!(sf] bkmf ^-v_ df 5"6 hUuf btf{;DaGwL Joj:yf5g\ . dfnkf]t ljefun] ldlt @)^^.&.!% df ;a}dfnkf]t sfof{nox¿nfO{ btf{ ug{ 5"6 hUuf btf{sf]nflu lgj]bg k/]sf] ldltn] b'O{ jif{ leq clGtd 6'Ëf]nfuL g;s]sf lgj]bgx¿sf] clGtd 6'Ëf] nufpg]Dofb ;+jt\ @)^$ r}t d;fGt;Dd yk ul/Psf]pQm cjlw leq ul/;Sg] Joj:yf ug{ u/fpg egLP]gljk/Lt ;Ldf lgwf{/0f u/L ;DklQ;DaGwL xsdfs'l07t u/]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] df]xL nfu]sf]hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/L lng] Dofb @)^# ;fn r}td;fGt ;Dd / afF8kmfF8 ug]{ sf/jfxL 6'Ëf] nufO{;Sg'kg]{ cjlw @)^$ ;fn r}t d;fGt ;Ddtf]s]sf]n] df]xL / hUufwgLsf] aLrdf hUuf afF8kmfF8ug]{ sf/jfxL /f]lsPsf] 5 . e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@!sf] bkmf @^-s_ df df]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL gx'g]Joj:yf / u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #) dfdf]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL ug{ ;lsg] eGg] Joj:yfPs ckf;df aflemPsf]n] e"ld;DaGwL P]g, @)@!sf] bkmf @^-s_ sf] df]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL gx'g]eGg] Joj:yf tyf ldlt @)^#.#.!# sf] e"ld;'wf/tyf Joj:yfkg ljefusf] kq, ldlt @)^^.!).# sf]lg0f{o kq / ldlt @)^^.&.!! sf] lg0f{o nufotsf]hUuf btf{ ug{ /f]Ssf ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ sfdsf/jfxLx¿k|f/Deb]lv g} ab/ 3f]lift ul/kfpFm eGg] lgj]bgbfjL ePsf]df sfg"g;Ddt sfdsf/jfxLaf6lgj]bssf] s'g} xs clwsf/df cf3ft gk/]sf] eGg]lnlvt hjfkm /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

    #= o;df lgj]bsn] d'Vo ?kdf dfnkf]tP]g, @)#$ sf] bkmf &-@_ adf]lhd /}+s/ tkm{sf]hUuf btf{sf] nflu k/]sf lgj]bg )^* r}t d;fGt;Dd 6'Ëf] nufpg] u/L ldlt @)^^.&.!! df g]kfn;/sf/ dGqL:t/af6 ePsf] lg0f{oadf]lhdsf] kl/kq/ v >]0fLsf] ljtf{ hUuf btf{ u/fpgsf] nflu k/]sf]b/vf:tsf ;DaGwdf ePsf] ldlt @)^^.!).# sf]

    e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf dGqfnosf] kq ;d]t ab/x'g'k5{ egL bfjL lnPsf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bsn] p7fPsfplNnlvt ljifox¿ dGqfno / ljefun] ;DalGwtsfof{nox¿sf gfpFdf u/]sf] kl/kqx¿ ePsf] ljz'4k|zf;lgs k|s[ltsf] b]lvPsf]n] ljz]if Ohnf;af6x]l/g'kg]{ ljifo gePsf]n] To;tkm{ s]xL af]ln/xg'k/]g .

    $= hxfF;Dd e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf]bkmf @^-s_ df df]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL gx'g]Joj:yf / u'7L ;+:yfg P]g, @)## sf] bkmf #) dfdf]lxofgL xs v/Lb ljqmL ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yf;+ljwfg;Fu aflemPsf] eGg] lgj]bssf] egfO 5 ;f];DaGwdf ljrf/ ubf{ u'7L hUuf / /}+s/ hUufnfO{o;sf] :jfldTj, p2]Zo / k|s[ltsf sf/0f ;dfgeGg ;lsg] b]lvFb}g . o;/L c;dfg k|s[ltsf] hUufdfsfod /x]sf] df]xLsf] ;dfg clwsf/ sfod x'g'k5{eGg' ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGt cg's"n b]lvFb}g .;dfgtfsf] l;4fGt ;dfgx¿sf aLr ;dfg Jojxf/ug'{ eGg] xf] . c;dfgx¿sf aLr ;dfg Jojxf/ul/g'k5{ eGg' ;dfgtfsf] l;4fGtcg'¿k x'g ;Sb}g .To;}n] km/s k|s[ltsf hUufsf] df]xLnfO{ ;dfgclwsf/sf] dfu ug'{ Gofof]lrt x'Fb}g . csf]{tkm{s:tf ljifodf slt ;fDklQs clwsf/ lbg] eGg]ljifo Goflos ?kn] lg/f]k0f ul/g] ljifo geO{/fHon] lg0f{o ug]{ gLltut ljifo xf] .

    %= o;sf cltl/Qm e"ld ;DaGwL P]g,@)@! sf] rf}yf] ;+zf]wgn] e"lddf /x]sf] df]xL /hUufwgLsf] bf]xf]/f] :jfldTj cGTo u/L df]xLnfO{;d]t hUufdf krf; k|ltzt :jfldTj x'g] /o:tf] :jfldTj hUufwgLaf6 hUuf afF8kmfF8 u/Llng kfpg] u/L e"ld ;DaGwL P]g, @)@! sf] bkmf@^3 n] Joj:yf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . plNnlvt sfg"gLJoj:yfadf]lhd hUuf afF8kmfF8af6 cfwf hUufdf:jfldTj k|fKt u/]kl5 df]xLn] df]xLsf] x}l;otaf6geO{ hUuf wgLs} x}l;otn] cfˆgf ] hUufa]rljvgnufot lgjf{w ?kdf ef]u rng ug{;Sg] g} b]lvPsf]n] df]xLsf] x}l;otn] g} a]Rg kfpg'k5{ eGg] lgj]bssf] egfO{ cf}lrTok"0f{ b]lvgcfPg .

    *&$&–*&$&–*&$&–*&$&–*&$&– w'|jk|;fb rf}nfufO{ lj=k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\sf] sfof{no ;d]t

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    2424242424

    ^= t;y{ ljj]lrt cfwf/ sf/0fjf6lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhd cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{cj:yfsf] ljBdfgtf b]lvg gcfPsf]n] k|:t't l/6lgj]bg vf/]h x'g] 7x5{ . ldl;n lgodfg';f/ u/La'emfO{ lbg" .pQm /fodf xfdL ;xdt 5f} .Gof=;'zLnf sfsL{Gof=sdngf/fo0f bf;;+jt\ @)^* d+l;/ @( ut] /f]h % z'ed\ ===Ohnf; clws[t M s[i0fd'/f/L lzjfsf]6L

    lg)f{o g+= 8748 lg)f{o g+= 8748 lg)f{o g+= 8748 lg)f{o g+= 8748 lg)f{o g+= 8748

    ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, ;+o'Qm Ohnf;;DdfggLo k|wfg GofofwLz >L lvn/fh /]UdL

    dfggLo GofofwLz >L e/t/fh pk]|tLl/6 g+= @)^&–WO–)#^(cfb]z ldltM @)^*.*.@).#

    ljifoM– pTk]|if0fo'Qm k/dfb]z ;d]t .lgj]bsM lh= nlntk'/, nlntk'/ pkdxfgu/kflnsf

    emD;Lv]nl:yt lvDtL ;le{;]h k|f=ln= sftkm{af6 clwsf/ k|fKt u/L cfkm\gf] xsdf;d]t ;f]xL sDkgLsf sfo{sf/L cWoIf/d]zs'df/ >]i7

    lj?4ljkIfLM >d cbfnt ;d]t

    § sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lsf] yk dfu gu/]sf] /lgo'lQmkqsf] zt{adf]lhd s/f/ cjlwJotLt eO;s]sf] cj:yfdf sDkgL cfkm}Fn];]jf s/f/sf] cjlw yk u/L ;]jfnfO{lg/Gt/tf lbg'kg]{ egL dfGg g;lsg] .

    -k|s/0f g++=*_§ sfg"gcg'¿k btf { eO{ v8f ePsf

    sDkgLx¿aLr ePsf] s/f/nfO{ agfj6L(Bogus) eGg o'lQm;+ut gx'g] .

    -k|s/0f g++=(_

    lgj]bssf tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ lge{o/fhkf}8]n / vDaaxfb'/ vftL

    ljkIfL tkm{af6M ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf /]jtL/fhlqkf7L, ljåfg clwjQmf /d]z j8fn

    ;Da4 sfg"gM§ >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf $-@_, &, !),

    !@, !@-#_, -$_

    cfb]zk|=Gof=lvn/fh /]UdLM g]kfnsf] cGtl/d

    ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)&-@_ adf]lhd o;cbfntdf btf{ ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgsf] tYoPj+ lg0f{o o;k|sf/ 5M–

    l/6 lgj]bs sDkgL cGo sDkgLx¿;Fu;Demf}tf u/L ljleGg k|sf/sf hgzlQm pknAwu/fpg] p2]Zon] :yflkt ePsf] xf] . xfn;Ddlxdfn kfj/ lnld6]8;Fu s/f/ ;Demf}tf u/L ljleGgsfdbf/ Pj+ sd{rf/L pknAw u/fpFb} cfPsf]df;f] cGtu{t ljkIfLdWo]sf w'|jk|;fb km'ofFnnfO{ldlt @)^#.!).! b]lv @)^% c;f/ d;fGt;Dd /d]3/fh bfxfnnfO{ @)^@.(.! b]lv @)^$ c;f/d;fGt;Ddsf] nflu s/f/df lgo'lQm ul/Psf]lyof] . pQm cjlwleq k|f]h]S6sf] sfd ;dfKtgePsf]n] b'j} hgfnfO{ @)^% d+l;/ d;fGt;Ddsf]s/f/ cjlw yk ul/Psf] / ;f] kl5 lghx¿sf]s/f/ ;dfKt ePsf] lyof] . xfn;Dd lxdfn kfj/lnld6]8n] / cGo sDkgL ;d]tn] sfdbf/ dfugu/]sf] sf/0f ;a} sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lx¿ sfdaf6xl6;s]sf 5g\ .

    sDkgL; Fusf ] s/f/ cjlw ;dfKteO;s]kl5 lghx¿n] @)^^.!.@$ df >d cbfntdfk'g/fj]bg btf{ u/fPsf] / ljkIfL >d cbfntn]k"jf{u|xL eO{ >d P]g, @)$* sf] unt JofVof u/LljkIfLx¿sf] k'ga{xfnL x'g] egL ldlt @)^^.!@.@#df km};nf u/]sf] /x]5 . ;f] km};nf ubf{ >d cbfntn]ljkIfLx¿sf] lgo'lQmkq x]/L w'|jk|;fb km'ofnnfO{@)^#.!).! b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L @)^% c;f/d;fGt;Dd / d]3/fh bfxfnnfO{ @)^@.(.! b]lvnfu" x'g] u/L @)^$ d;fGt;Ddsf nflu lgo'lQm

    ÷lø

  • 2 52 52 52 52 5

    lbPsf] b]lvPsf] / lghx¿n] @)^% r}t d;fGt;Ddxflh/ u/]sf] eGg] cfwf/ lnPsf] /x]5 . lgo'lQmkfPsf ljkIfLx¿n] >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf $ sf]pkbkmf -@_ sf] :ki6Ls/0f v08åf/f lglb{i6 @$)lbg k"/f u/]sf] / lgo'lQmkqdf s'g k|sf/sf] ;]jf-:yfoL jf c:yfoL_ df s/f/df lnPsf] eGg]gv'nfPsf] cj:yf x'Fbf P]gsf] bkmf !) adf]lhd;]jfsf] ;'/Iff k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/L b]lvPsf] x'Fbf bkmf!@ adf]lhd s6f}tLdf k/]sf] jf kl/R5]b\ * cGtu{tv/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] jf >d lgodfjnL, @)%)sf] lgod @! adf]lhd zf/Ll/ss c:j:ytf k|dfl0ftePsf] jf sDkgL g} vf/]hdf k/]sf] jf pd]/sf]xbn] cjsfz k|fKt ug]{ afx]s cGo tl/sfn] x6fPsf]sfo{ k|fof]lht jvf{;L (Constructive Dismissal)x'g] egL lgh ljkIfLx¿nfO{ k'gj{xfnL ug]{ cfb]zul/Psf] 5 .

    ljkIfLx¿ s/f/df lgo ' lQm kfPsfsd{rf/L eGg] lgo'lQm kqaf6} b]lvG5 . To:tfsd{rf/L >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !) sf] ;]jf;'/Iff k|fKt ug]{ ju{leq kb}{gg\ . ljkIfLx¿ lxdfnkfj/;Fusf] o; sDkgLsf] s/f/df cfwfl/t zt{/ ;dosf] nflu dfq lgo'lQm ePsf 5g\ . s/f/sfzt{ aGb]hx¿ g} gx]/L >d P]g @)$* nfu" x'g]egL ljkIfLx¿nfO{ k'g{jxfnL ug'{ eGg] cfb]zq'l6k"0f{ 5 . ;fy} ;]jfaf6 x6fPsf] cjlwsf]kfl/>lds;d]t e/fO{ lbg] egL af]lnPsf] s'/fsfg"g;Ddt 5}g . Joj:yfksn] sd{rf/LnfO{kfl/>lds glbPsf] ljifodf >d P]g, @)$* sf]bkmf @% adf]lhdsf] k|lqmof ckgfpg' kb{5 .;f] k|lqmof cjnDag ul/Psf] 5}g . ljkIfL >dcbfntn] s/f/åf/f lgo'lQm kfPsf sd{rf/LnfO{:yfoL sd{rf/L ;/x >d P]g, @)$* cGtu{t:yfoL ;/xsf] ;'/Iff k|fKt ug]{ egL unt cy{u/L ldlt @)^#.!@.@# df u/]sf] km};nf q'l6k"0f{e} ab/efuL x'Fbf pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]z hf/L u/Lab/ ul/kfpFm . ;fy} l/6 lgj]bgsf] clGtd 6'Ëf]gnfu];Dd >d cbfntsf] lg0f{o sfof{Gjoggug'{ egL cGtl/d cfb]z ;d]t hf/L ul/kfpFmeGg] @)^&.&.& sf] l/6 lgj]bg .

    o;df s] s;f] ePsf] xf] < ;DalGwt ldl;n;d]t ;fy} /fvL !% lbgleq lnlvt hjfkm k]z ug'{egL ljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf ;"rgf k7fpg' ;fy} lgj]bssDkgL lxdfn kfj/ lnld6]8nfO{ sfdbf/ ;KnfO{ug]{ ;+:yf;Dd dfq eGg] pNn]v ePsf] x'Fbf k|:t'tlgj]bgsf] clGtd 6'Ëf] gnfu];Dd @)^^.!@.@# sf]>d cbfntsf] km};nf sfof{Gjog gug'{ egLljkIfLx¿sf] gfddf cGtl/d cfb]z ;d]t hf/Lul/Psf] 5 eGg] @)^&.&.!) sf] cfb]z .

    o; cbfntsf] ldlt @)^^.!@.@# sf] km};nf>d sfg"g / Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt ;d]tsf] cg's"n/x]sf] / ;f] km};nfaf6 lgj]bssf] sfg"gL Pj+;+j}wflgs xs ;d]tdf cf3ft k'Ug] cj:yf gx'Fbfl/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] >d cbfntsf]@)^&.&.@* sf] lnlvt hjfkm .

    ljkIfL sDkgLn] >d cbfntaf6 ePsf]km};nf @)^&.!.!# df g} k|fKt u/]sf]df ;f]sf] ^dlxgfkl5 ljnDa u/L lgj]bg btf{ u/fPsf] 5 .>d cbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nfnfO{ :jLsf/ u/L@)^&.@.# df xfdLnfO{ kq k7fO{ xfn sDkgLdfldNg] s'g} sfd gePsf] x'Fbf xfn sfd lbg /kfl/>lds lbg ;d]t c;dy{ /x]sf] egL sDkgLn]pNn]v u/]sf ] 5 . >d cbfntsf] km };nfsfof{Gjog ul/kfpFm egL xfdLn] >d cbfntdflgj]bg lbPsf]df ;f] sfof{nodf hjfkm lbFbfxfn;Dd pQm kbdf sfdbf/ cGo sDkgLn]dfu u/]sf ] 5}g . hfgsf/L k |fKt ePkl5sfof{Gjog x'g] g} 5 eGg] ;d]t k|lta4tfhgfPsf] 5 . ljkIfLn] xfdLnfO{ s/f/df lgo'lQmlbFbf ;f] sDkgL / lxdfn kfj/ lnld6]8aLrePsf] s/f/nfO{ d'Vo cfwf/ agfOPsf]df ljjfb5}g . ;f] sDkgL;Fusf] s/f/ clxn];Dd sfod}5 . xfdLn] @$) lbg xflh/ ul/;s]sf] cj:yfdf>d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !@ sf] k|lqmof k"/fgu/L xfdLnfO{ x6fpg ldNb}g . lgj]bs sDkgLn]bfjL u/]sf] s/f/sf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 klgxfdLnfO{ @)^% r}t d;fGt;Dd sfddf nufPsf]xflh/ ptf/af6 k|i6} 5 . @$) lbg ;]jf k"/fu/]sf] sfdbf/ sd{rf/LnfO{ :yfoL dflgg] egL

    *&$*–*&$*–*&$*–*&$*–*&$*– lvDtL ;le{;]h k|f=ln=lj=>d cbfnt ;d]t

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

    2 62 62 62 62 6

    -g]sfk @)^^, cÍ %, k[i7 ^@% df_ l;4fGtsfod ePsf] 5 . To:tf] :yfoL sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf>d P]g, @)$* n] ;'/lIft u/]sf] 5 .

    lgj]bs sDkgL / lxdfn kfj/ lnld6]8km/s km/s gfdaf6 btf{ ePklg Ps} JolQmn];~rfng u/]sf sDkgL x'g\ . t;y{ sfdbf/ sd{rf/Llng] lbg] egL tL b'O{ sDkgLaLr ePsf s/f/x¿agfj6L (Bogus) x'g\ . agfj6L s/f/nfO{ b]vfO{xfd|f] ;]jf ;dfKt x'g ;Qm}g . t;y{ >d cbfntaf6xfd|f] k'gj{xfnL ug]{ u/L ePsf] km};nf ab/ x'g]cj:yf gx'Fbf l/6 vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]tljkIfLx¿ w'|jk|;fb km'Fofn / d]3/fh bfxfnsf];+o'Qm lnlvt hjfkm .

    lgodadf]lhd k]zL ;"rLdf r9L lg0f{ofy{k]z ePsf] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bgdf lgj]bssf tkm{af6ljåfg clwjQmfx¿ >L lge{o/fh kf}8]n / >LvDaaxfb'/ vftLn] ljkIfL w'|jk|;fb km'Fofn /d]3/fh bfxfnnfO{ lgj]bs sDkgLn] s/f/ u/Llgo'lQm lbPsf] ;f] lgo'lQm csf]{ sDkgL lxdfnkfj/;Fu ePsf] s/f/sf] clwg:y 5 . lxdfnkfj/n] xfn sd{rf/Lsf] dfu u/]sf ] 5}g .ljkIfLx¿sf] lgo'lQm kqdf g} lglZrt\ cjlw ls6fgePsf]n] ;f] cjlw e'Qmfg ePkl5 :yfoL sd{rf/L;/x ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff kfpg] eGg] x'Fb}g . ljkIfLx¿sf]s/f/ ;]jfnfO{ >d P]gsf] bkmf !) adf]lhd;'/lIft ;]jf egL unt cy{ u/L >d cbfntn]k'g/\jxfnL u/]sf] 5 . t;y{ ;f] km};nf ab/efuLx'Fbf l/6 hf/L x'g'kb{5 eGg] / ljkIfL >d cbfntsf]tkm{af6 ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf >L /]jtL/fhlqkf7Ln] >d cbfntsf] km};nf >d P]gsf] efjgfcg'¿k g} x'Fbf ab/ x'g] cj:yf 5}g eGg] ;d]tax; ug'{eof] . To:t} ljkIfL w'|jk|;fb km'Fofn;d]tsf] tkm{af6 ljåfg clwjQmf >L /d]z a8fnn]lgj]bs sDkgLn] s/f/df lgo'lQm lbPsf] ePklgh'g;'s} k|sf/sf] sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] ;'/Iff>d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !) n] u/]sf] 5 . w'|jk|;fbkm'Fofn / d]3/fh bfxfn b'j} hgfnfO{ s/f/sf]cjlw ;dfKt ePklg @)^% r}t d;fGt;Dd g}sfddf nufOPsf]af6 s/f/ cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5

    :jtM x6\g] eGg] b]lvFb}g . l/6 lgj]bs sDkgL /lxdfn kfj/aLrsf] s/f/ e+u ePsf] 5}g . ;f]s/f/ oyfjt\ /x];Dd lgj]bs sDkgLdf lgo'lQmkfPsf sfdbf/ sd{rf/LnfO{ x6fpg gldNg]df;f] ljk/Lt s/f/sf] cjlw ;dfKt ePsf] egL;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbPsf] sfdsf/jfxL >d P]g,@)$* sf] efjgfk|lts"n ePsf]n] d]/f] kIfnfO{k "j {jt\ ?kdf ;]jfdf sfod ug] { u/L >dcbfntaf6 ePsf] km};nf ab/ ug'{kg]{ cj:yf5}g . t;y{ l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/of];\ eGg] ;d]tax; k|:t't ug'{eof] .

    ljåfg sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] pko'{QmJoxf]/fsf] ax; ;'gL ldl;n cWoog ul/of] . o;dflgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{ xf]xf]Og < eGg] ljifodf lg0f{o ug'{kg]{ b]lvof] .

    @= lg0fo{tkm{ ljrf/ ubf{ lgj]bs lvDtL;le{;]h k|f=ln= / lxdfn kfj/ lnld6]8aLrhgzlQm cfk"lt{ ug]{ u/L ePsf] ;Demf}tf adf]lhdljkIfLx¿ w'|jk|;fb km'Fofn / d]3/fh bfxfn;d]tnfO{ s/f/ u/L lgj]bs sDkgLn] lgo'lQmlbPsf] / ;f] s/f/sf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5lghx¿nfO{ cjsfz lbPsf] ljifopk/ >dcbfntdf k'g/fj]bgkq bfo/ eO{ ;f] cbfntaf6ldlt @)^^.!@.@# df lgh ljkIfLx¿nfO{ lgj]bssDkgLsf] ;]jfdf k'ga{xfnL ug]{ u/L km};nfePsf]df ;f] km};nf k|rlnt sfg"g ;d]tsf]k|lts"n eO{ ab/of]Uo /x]sf]n] ab/ ul/kfpFmeGg] d'Vo dfu u/L k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg btf{ePsf] b]lvG5 .

    #= ldl;n cWoog ubf{ lgj]bs lvDtL;le{;]h k|f=ln=n] ljkIfLx¿ w'|jk|;fb km'Fofn tyfd]3/fh bfxfnnfO{ qmdzM ldlt @)^#.(.@) /@)^@.(.% df lgj]bs sDkgL cGtu{tsf] lsg]{l:ytsfof{nodf /xg] u/L lglZrt cjlw s/f/dflgo'lQm lbPsf] b]lvG5 . ;f] lgo'lQm kqx¿dflghx¿sf ] tna eQf, ; ' ljwf tyf cGozt{x¿;d]t pNn]v ug'{sf ;fy} lgj]bs sDkgLsf]sd{rf/L lgodfjnL, @)^@ sf] lgod cGtu{t/x]/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{kg]{ egL :ki6 ?kdf pNn]v

  • 2 72 72 72 72 7

    eO/x]sf] ;d]t b]lvG5 . ljkIfLdWo]sf w'|jk|;fbkm'Fofnsf] lgo'lQm kqdf lghsf] lgo'lQm @)^#.!).!b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L @)^% c;f/ d;fGt;Ddsfnflu ul/Psf] / d]3/fh bfxfnsf] lgo'lQm@)^@.(.! b]lv nfu" x'g] u/L @)^$ c;f/d;fGt;Ddsf nflu ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . tTkZrft\ldlt @)^$.$.!@ sf] kqåf/f d]3/fh bfxfn /@)^%.#.#@ sf] kqåf/f w'|jk|;fb km'ofFnsf] s/f/cjlw @)^% d+l;/ d;fGt;Ddsf nflu yk ePsf]b]lvG5 . ;f] cjlw;d]t e'Qmfg ePkl5 lghx¿sf];]jf s/f/ ;dfKt ePsf]df lgj]bs sDkgL lj?4ljkIfLx¿n] >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg btf{ u/fO{ljjflbt km};nf ePsf] b]lvG5 . >d cbfntsf]km};nfdf ljkIfL w'|jk|;fb km'Fofn / d]3/fh bfxfnn]>d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf $-@_ sf] :ki6Ls/0fv08n] lglb{i6 u/]sf] @$) lbgsf] sfo{lbg k"/fu/]sf] x'Fbf pQm P]gsf] bkmf & adf]lhd :yfoLk|s[ltsf] kb dfGg'kg]{ / To:tf] :yfoL kbdf sfo{/tsd{rf/L jf sfdbf/nfO{ ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !) n];]jfsf] ;'/Iff k|bfg u/]sf] eGg] d'Vo cfwf/ u|x0fu/]sf] cj:yf b]lvof] . o; kl/k]|Ioaf6 ljrf/ubf { k | :t 't ljjfbdf lgj ]bs sDkgLn ]ljkIfLx¿nfO{ lbPsf] lgo'lQmkqsf] k|s[ltaf6 lghljkIfLx¿sf] ;]jf >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf !);d]tn] ;'/lIft ug{ ;Sg] xf] xf]Og < eGg] ljifosf]lg/f]k0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvG5 .

    $= lgj]bs lvDtL ;le{;]h k|f=ln= cGoljleGg sDkgL jf ;+:yf;Fusf] ;Demf}tfdf dfuePcg'¿ksf] hgzlQm cfk"lt{ ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg/xFb} cfPsf] sDkgL xf] eGg]df ljjfb 5}g . o;}l;nl;nfdf lgj]bs sDkgL / lxdfn kfj/lnld6]8aLr ldlt @)^$.%.!@ df ePsf] ;Demf}tfx]bf{ lgj]bs sDkgLn] lxdfn kfj/ lnld6]8nfO{ljleGg k|s[ltsf sfdbf/ sd{rf/L cfk"lt{ ug]{u/L s/f/ ePsf] b]lvG5 . lgj]bs sDkgLn]ljkIfLx¿ w'|jk|;fb km'Fofn / d]3/fh bfxfnnfO{lbPsf lgo'lQmkqx¿df sDkgLsf] cWoIf jf lghn]cx|fPsf] JolQmsf] dftxtdf /xL tf]lsPsf]sfo{:yfgdf sfdsfh ug'{kg]{ Joxf]/f pNn]v

    ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . ;f] lgo'lQmkqsf] af]wfy{df lxdfnkfj/ lnld6]8sf] lsg]{l:yt KnfG6 d]g]h/ / ;f]sf]k|zf;g ;d]tnfO{ hfgsf/L lbOPsf] b]lvG5 . oLtYox¿af6 lgj]bs lvDtL ;le;]h k|f=ln=n]ljkIfLx¿ w'|jk|;fb km'Fofn / d]3/fh bfxfnnfO{lxdfn kfj/ lnld6]8n] dfu u/]cg'¿k g} ;f]sDkgLdf sfd ug{ lglZrt cjlwsf] s/f/dflgo'lQm u/]sf] eGg] k'li6 x'g cfPsf] 5 . ;f] lglZrtcjlwsf] s/f/nfO{ ljkIfLx¿ b'j} hgfn] :jLsf/u/L sfdsfh u/]sf] / kl5 yk ePsf] cjlw;d]t JotLt ePkl5 sDkgLsf] ;]jfaf6 x6]sf]b]lvg cfpF5 .

    %= >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf & df æ=====:yfoL k|s[ltsf] sfddf afx]s c? s'g} lglZrtsfdsf] lgldQ s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;dofjlw tf]sL lghn]kfpg] kfl/>lds / ;]jf zt{ pNn]v u/L s/f/dflgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5Æ eGg] Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfcg'¿k s'g} k|lti7fgsf] :yfoLk|s[ltsf] sfddf afx]s csf]{ s'g} sfddf cjlwtf]sL s/f/df s'g} JolQmnfO{ lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg] /To;/L cjlw tf]sL lgo'lQm lbOPsf] sfdbf/ jfsd{rf/Ln] ;f] s/f/sf] zt{df plNnlvt s'/fx¿nfO{:jLsf/ u/L ;]jf k|f/De u/]kl5 lghsf] xsdf ;f]s/f/sf] zt{x¿ g} afWofTds ?kdf nfu" x'g] eGg]b]lvG5 .

    ^= >d P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf & cGtu{ts/f/df lgo'lQm kfPsf] sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/nfO{klg ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf $-@_ sf] :ki6Ls/0f v08df/x]sf] Joj:yfg';f/ @$) lbg cljlR5Gg ;]jfu/]sf] cfwf/df :yfoL k|s[ltsf] dfGg'kg]{ eGg]ljkIfLtkm{sf sfg"g Joj;foLx¿sf] lhsL/ /x]sf]x'Fbf ;f] bkmf $-@_ sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] ;d]tljZn]if0f ul/g'kg]{ b]lvPsf] 5 . pQm bkmf $ dfsfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm ubf{ ckgfpg'kg]{ k|lqmofsf af/]df pNn]v ePsf] / ;f]xL pkbkmf-@_ df k|lti7fgdf lgo'lQm ePsf sfdbf/ tyfsd{rf/LnfO{ k/LIf0fsfn ;dfKt ePkl5 :yfoLlgo'lQm ug'{kg]{ Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To;/Lk/LIf0fsfn lgwf{/0f ubf{ Ps jif{sf] cljlR5Gg

    *&$*–*&$*–*&$*–*&$*–*&$*– lvDtL ;le{;]h k|f=ln=lj=>d cbfnt ;d]t

  • g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)g]kfn sfg"g klqsf, @)^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv^(, j}zfv

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