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TRANSCRIPT
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
1
NK
R A
ng
st
PIC
O 7
fo
ræld
rein
dd
rag
els
e
Rev
iew
in
form
ati
on
Au
tho
rs
Sun
dhed
ssty
rels
en1
1[E
mpt
y af
filia
tion]
Cita
tion
exam
ple:
S. N
KR
Ang
st P
ICO
7 fo
ræld
rein
ddra
gels
e. C
ochr
ane
Dat
abas
e of
Sys
tem
atic
Rev
iew
s [Y
ear]
, Iss
ue [I
ssue
].
Co
nta
ct
pe
rso
n
[Em
pty
nam
e]
Date
s
As
ses
sed
as U
p-t
o-d
ate
:
Da
te o
f S
ea
rch
:
Ne
xt
Sta
ge E
xp
ecte
d:
Pro
toco
l F
irs
t P
ub
lis
he
d:
Not
spe
cifie
d
Re
vie
w F
irst
Pu
bli
sh
ed
:N
ot s
peci
fied
Las
t C
ita
tio
n I
ss
ue
:N
ot s
peci
fied
Wh
at'
s n
ew
Da
te /
Eve
nt
De
sc
rip
tio
n
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
2
His
tory
Da
te /
Eve
nt
De
sc
rip
tio
n
Ch
ara
cte
ris
tic
s o
f s
tud
ies
Ch
ara
cte
risti
cs o
f in
clu
de
d s
tud
ies
Barr
ett
19
96
Meth
od
sS
tud
y d
esig
n:
Ran
dom
ized
con
trol
led
tria
lS
tud
y g
rou
pin
g:
Par
alle
l gro
upO
pe
n L
ab
el:
Clu
ste
r R
CT
:
Pa
rtic
ipan
tsB
as
elin
e C
ha
racte
ris
tics
Inte
rven
tion
(par
ents
+)
Num
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(se
note
)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(se
note
)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(se
note
)N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
0,0
%A
ge in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
Ag
e r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: 7-1
4
Con
trol N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(se
note
)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(se
note
)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(se
note
)N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
0,0
%A
ge in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): 7
-14
Ag
e r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: 7-1
4
Wai
t-lis
tN
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(se
note
)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(se
note
)
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
3
Num
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(se
note
)N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
0,0
%A
ge in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
Ag
e r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: 7-1
4
Inc
lud
ed
cri
teri
a:
only
chi
ldre
n w
ith a
prin
cipa
l dia
gnos
is o
f ove
ranx
iety
diso
rder
(n
= 3
0), s
epar
atio
n an
xiet
y di
sord
er (
n =
30)
, ors
ocia
l pho
bia
(n =
19)
wer
e in
clud
ed. 7
-14
year
Exc
lud
ed
cri
teri
a:
Chi
ldre
n w
ho h
ad in
telle
ctua
l or
phys
ical
dis
abili
ties,
who
wer
e cu
rren
tlyta
king
ant
ianx
iety
or
depr
essi
on m
edic
atio
n, o
r w
hose
par
ents
wer
e in
volv
ed in
acu
te m
arita
l bre
akdo
wn
(n -
2),
wer
e re
ferr
ed e
lsew
here
and
not i
nclu
ded
in th
e st
udy
Pre
trea
tme
nt:
The
re w
as a
sig
nific
ant d
iffer
ence
acr
oss
trea
tmen
tcon
ditio
ns fo
r ch
ild's
age
(C
BT
, M =
9.7
, SD
= 2
.5;
CB
T+
FA
M, M
= 1
0.1,
SD
= 1
.9; W
L, M
= 8
.2, S
D =
1.9
), F
(2,7
6) =
5.4
3, p
< .0
1. N
o fu
rthe
r. A
naly
zed
with
AN
OV
A o
r ch
i-squ
are.
Inte
rve
nti
on
sIn
terv
en
tio
n C
ha
rac
teri
sti
cs
Inte
rven
tion
(par
ents
+)
Descri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l: C
hild
ass
igne
d to
Ken
dall'
s C
BT
pro
gram
(C
opin
gCat
Wor
kboo
k;
Ken
dall,
199
0), w
hich
spe
cific
ally
targ
ets
the
child
'san
xiet
y us
ing
expo
sure
and
cog
nitiv
e re
stru
ctur
ing
stra
tegi
es.
The
fam
ily in
terv
entio
nis
desi
gned
to b
e co
mpl
eted
in 1
2 se
ssio
ns; 4
ses
sion
s ar
e de
vote
dto
each
of t
he d
isci
plin
e,
anxi
ety
man
agem
ent,
and
pare
ntal
com
mun
icat
ions
ectio
ns.
Le
ngth
of
inte
rven
tio
n/c
on
tro
l (w
ee
ks a
nd
se
ssio
ns):
12
sess
ions
wee
kly
basi
s á
60 -
80
min
utes
inte
rven
tion
Le
ngth
of
follo
w-u
p (
in m
on
ths):
6 y
ears
Con
trol D
escri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l: A
ll ch
ildre
n in
the
activ
e tr
eatm
ent c
ondi
tions
(i.e
., C
BT
del
iver
ed in
the
form
of i
ndiv
idua
l the
rapy
) re
ceiv
ed th
e C
opin
g K
oala
Wor
kboo
k,w
hich
incl
uded
rec
ogni
zing
anx
ious
feel
ings
and
so
mat
ic r
eact
ions
toan
xiet
y, c
ogni
tive
rest
ruct
urin
g in
anx
iety
-pro
voki
ng s
ituat
ions
, cop
ings
elf-
talk
, exp
osur
e to
fe
ared
stim
uli,
eval
uatin
g pe
rfor
man
ce, a
nd a
dmin
iste
rings
elf-
rein
forc
emen
t as
appr
opria
teLe
ngth
of
inte
rven
tio
n/c
on
tro
l (w
ee
ks a
nd
se
ssio
ns):
12
sess
ions
wee
kly
basi
s á
60 -
80
min
utes
inte
rven
tion
Le
ngth
of
follo
w-u
p (
in m
on
ths):
6 y
ears
Wai
t-lis
tD
escri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l: F
amili
es w
hoso
ught
alte
rnat
ive
trea
tmen
t dur
ing
the
wai
ting
perio
d (n
~
2) w
eree
xclu
ded
from
the
anal
ysis
Le
ngth
of
inte
rven
tio
n/c
on
tro
l (w
ee
ks a
nd
se
ssio
ns):
12
wee
ks
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
4
Le
ngth
of
follo
w-u
p (
in m
on
ths):
No
follo
w-u
p
Ou
tco
me
sR
em
issio
n o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iagn
osis
(E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Dic
hoto
mou
sOut
com
eR
ep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Dir
ecti
on
: Hig
her
is b
ette
rD
ata
va
lue
: End
poin
t
You
th r
ep
ort
ed a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
EoT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Sc
ale
: RC
MA
SR
an
ge
: 0 -
74U
nit
of
mea
su
re: P
oint
sD
ire
cti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
t
Pare
nt re
po
rte
d a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
EoT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Sc
ale
: CB
CL-
inte
rnal
izin
gR
an
ge
: 0
64
Un
it o
f m
ea
su
re: P
oint
sD
ire
cti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
tN
ote
s: M
othe
r re
port
Rem
issio
n o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iagn
osis
(lo
nge
st
FU
, at
lea
st 3
mo
nth
s)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Dic
hoto
mou
sOut
com
eR
ep
ort
ing
: Par
tially
rep
orte
dS
cale
: AD
IS-C
Dir
ecti
on
: Hig
her
is b
ette
rD
ata
va
lue
: End
poin
tN
ote
s: 6
yea
r F
U. N
o F
U fo
r W
L
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
5
You
th r
ep
ort
ed a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
lon
gest
FU
, a
t le
ast 3
mo
nth
s)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Par
tially
rep
orte
dS
cale
: RC
MA
SR
an
ge
: 0 -
74U
nit
of
mea
su
re: P
oint
sD
ire
cti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
tN
ote
s: 6
yea
r F
U. n
o F
U fo
r W
L
Pare
nt re
po
rte
d a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
lon
gest
FU
, a
t le
ast 3
mo
nth
s)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Par
tially
rep
orte
dS
cale
: CB
CL-
inte
rnal
izin
gR
an
ge
: 0-6
4U
nit
of
mea
su
re: P
oint
sD
ire
cti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
tN
ote
s: 6
yea
r F
U. M
othe
r re
port
. No
FU
for
WL
You
th r
ep
ort
ed f
un
ction
ing
(E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Not
rep
orte
d
Ob
serv
er
rep
ort
ed f
unction
ing
(E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Par
tially
rep
orte
dS
cale
: Ove
rall
Fun
ctio
ning
Ran
ge
: 0-6
Dir
ecti
on
: Hig
her
is b
ette
rD
ata
va
lue
: End
poin
t
Com
bin
ed y
ou
th a
nd
obse
rver
repo
rte
d fu
nctio
nin
g (
Eo
T)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Not
rep
orte
d
Num
ber
that
dis
con
tinu
ed t
rea
tmen
t or
con
tro
l (E
oT
)
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
6
Num
ber
that
dis
con
tinu
ed t
rea
tmen
t or
con
tro
l (E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Dic
hoto
mou
sOut
com
eR
ep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Dir
ecti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
t
Iden
tifi
ca
tio
nS
po
ns
ors
hip
so
urc
e:
Thi
s re
sear
ch w
as s
uppo
rted
by
gran
ts fr
om T
he N
atio
nal H
ealth
and
Med
ical
Res
earc
h C
ounc
il of
Aus
tral
ia, a
nd T
he M
yer
Fou
ndat
ion
ofA
ustr
alia
Co
un
try
: A
ustr
alia
Sett
ing
:
Co
mm
en
ts:
Au
tho
rs n
am
e:
Bar
rett
et a
l 199
6In
sti
tuti
on
: S
choo
l of A
pplie
d P
sych
olog
y, G
riffit
h U
nive
rsity
Em
ail
: p.
barr
ett@
mai
lbox
. gu.
edu.
au.
Ad
dre
ss:
Sch
ool o
f App
lied
Psy
chol
ogy,
Grif
fith
Uni
vers
ity, G
oldC
oast
Cam
pus,
PM
B50
Gol
d C
oast
Mai
l Cen
tre,
Q
ueen
slan
d, 4
217A
ustr
alia
No
tes
Nkr
43
Ang
st o
n 02
/04/
2016
00:
37
Sele
ct
Sam
e no
te a
s B
arre
t 199
8
Nkr
43
Ang
st o
n 01
/05/
2016
18:
26
Inc
lud
ed
A
LSO
IN P
ICO
1 A
ND
JA
ME
S E
T A
L 20
15
Nkr
43
Ang
st o
n 07
/05/
2016
22:
15
Po
pu
lati
on
on
ly c
hild
ren
with
a p
rinci
pal d
iagn
osis
of o
vera
nxie
tydi
sord
er (
n =
30)
, sep
arat
ion
anxi
ety
diso
rder
(n
= 3
0), o
rsoc
ial
phob
ia (
n =
19)
wer
e in
clud
ed
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
7
Ris
k of
bia
s ta
ble
Bia
sA
uth
ors
' ju
dg
em
en
tS
up
po
rt f
or
jud
ge
men
t
Seq
uenc
e G
ener
atio
nU
ncle
ar r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: B
ased
on
Coc
hran
e re
view
by
Jam
es e
t al 2
015
Allo
catio
n co
ncea
lmen
tU
ncle
ar r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: B
ased
on
Coc
hran
e re
view
by
Jam
es e
t al 2
015
Blin
ding
of p
artic
ipan
ts a
nd p
erso
nnel
Hig
h ris
kJu
dgem
ent C
omm
ent:
Not
pos
sibl
e to
blin
d pa
rtic
ipan
ts
Blin
ding
of o
utco
me
asse
ssor
sLo
w r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: B
ased
on
Coc
hran
e re
view
by
Jam
es e
t al 2
015
Inco
mpl
ete
outc
ome
data
Low
ris
kJu
dgem
ent C
omm
ent:
Bas
ed o
n C
ochr
ane
revi
ew b
y Ja
mes
et a
l 201
5
Sel
ectiv
e ou
tcom
e re
port
ing
Low
ris
kJu
dgem
ent C
omm
ent:
Bas
ed o
n C
ochr
ane
revi
ew b
y Ja
mes
et a
l 201
5
Oth
er s
ourc
es o
f bia
sLo
w r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: B
ased
on
Coc
hran
e re
view
by
Jam
es e
t al 2
015
Barr
ett
19
98
Meth
od
sS
tud
y d
esig
n:
Ran
dom
ized
con
trol
led
tria
lS
tud
y g
rou
pin
g:
Par
alle
l gro
upO
pe
n L
ab
el:
Clu
ste
r R
CT
:
Pa
rtic
ipan
tsB
as
elin
e C
ha
racte
ris
tics
Inte
rven
tion
(par
ents
+)
Num
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(but
see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(but
see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(but
see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
0, 0
%A
ge in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
Ag
e r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: 7-1
4 ye
ars
Con
trol N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(but
see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(but
see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(but
see
not
e)
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
8
Num
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
0, 0
%A
ge in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
Ag
e r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: 7-1
4 ye
ars
Wai
t-lis
tN
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(but
see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(but
see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(but
see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
0,0
%A
ge in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
Ag
e r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: 7-1
4
Inc
lud
ed
cri
teri
a:
only
chi
ldre
n w
ith a
prin
cipa
l dia
gnos
is o
f ove
ranx
ious
dis
orde
r (O
AD
; n =
301,
sep
aral
ion
anxi
ety
diso
rder
(S
AD
; n =
26)
, or
soci
alph
obia
(n
= 4
) w
ere
incl
uded
in th
e tr
eatm
ent.
Exc
lud
ed
cri
teri
a:
Chi
ldrb
n w
ith in
telle
ctua
l or
phys
ical
dis
abili
ties,
thos
e w
ho w
ere
curr
ently
taki
ng a
ntia
nxie
ty o
r de
pres
sion
med
icat
ion,
and
thos
e w
hose
par
ents
wer
e in
volv
edin
acu
te m
arita
l bre
akdo
wn
(N =
2)
wer
eref
erre
d el
sew
here
and
not
incl
uded
in th
e st
udy.
Pre
trea
tme
nt:
To
ensu
re th
ere
wer
e no
sig
nific
ant d
em~
ogra
phic
diffe
renc
es a
cros
s tr
eatm
ent c
ondi
tions
at
pret
reat
men
t,one
-way
ana
lyse
s of
var
ianc
e (A
NO
VA
) te
sts
orch
i-squ
are
test
s w
ere
perf
orm
ed c
ompa
ring
both
tr
eatm
ents
and
WL
cond
ition
s. T
here
wer
e no
si<
gnifi
cant
diffe
renc
es a
cros
s co
nditi
ons
for
child
's s
ex, m
othe
r'san
d fa
ther
's a
ges,
num
ber
of s
iblin
gs, s
ocio
econ
omic
stat
us, o
r m
arita
l sta
tus.
All
depe
nden
t mea
sure
s(se
lf-re
port
mea
sure
s fo
r bo
th c
hild
ren
and
pare
nts)
wer
e co
mpa
red
acro
ss b
oth
trea
tmen
t con
ditio
ns a
ndth
e W
L co
nditi
on. A
gain
, no
sign
ifica
nt d
iff l
eren
cesw
ere
reve
aled
.
Inte
rve
nti
on
sIn
terv
en
tio
n C
ha
rac
teri
sti
cs
Inte
rven
tion
(par
ents
+)
Descri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l: A
ll ch
ildre
n in
the
activ
e tr
eatm
ent c
ondi
tions
rec
eive
dthe
Cop
ing
Koa
la
Gro
up W
orkb
ook
(Bar
rett,
1995
a), w
hich
is a
n A
ustr
alia
n ad
apta
tion
of K
enda
ll'sC
ogni
tive-
Beh
avio
ural
Tre
atm
ent
prog
ram
(C
opin
gCat
Wor
kboo
k; K
enda
ll et
al.,
199
0). T
he G
roup
Fam
ily A
nxie
ty M
anag
emen
t Wor
kboo
k(B
arre
tt,
1995
b) w
as u
sed
in p
aral
lel w
ith th
e C
opin
gKoa
la W
orkb
ook
in th
e G
RO
UP
-FA
M c
ondi
tion.
Tha
tis, a
fter
child
ren
com
plet
ed e
ach
of th
e C
opin
g K
oala
sess
ions
with
the
help
of p
aren
ts a
nd th
erap
ists
, the
ywor
ked
toge
ther
thro
ugh
a G
roup
Fam
ily A
nxie
tyM
anag
emen
t ses
sion
. In
sum
mar
y, tw
o th
erap
ists
and
six
fam
ilies
-par
ents
and
chi
ldre
n-m
et
toge
ther
ingr
oups
for
2 hr
on
a w
eekl
y ba
sis,
Hen
ce, b
otb
trea
tmen
tman
uals
wer
e us
ed in
the
GR
OU
P-F
AM
co
nditi
on,w
ith p
aren
ts, c
hild
ren,
and
ther
apis
w w
akin
gtog
ethe
r as
a g
roup
in th
e th
erap
y ro
om.
Le
ngth
of
inte
rven
tio
n/c
on
tro
l (w
ee
ks a
nd
se
ssio
ns):
12
wee
ks a
nd 1
2 se
esio
ns
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
9
Le
ngth
of
follo
w-u
p (
in m
on
ths):
12
Con
trol D
escri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l: A
ll ch
ildre
n in
the
activ
e tr
eatm
ent c
ondi
tions
rec
eive
dthe
Cop
ing
Koa
la
Gro
up W
orkb
ook
(Bar
rett,
1995
a), w
hich
is a
n A
ustr
alia
n ad
apta
tion
of K
enda
ll'sC
ogni
tive-
Beh
avio
ural
Tre
atm
ent
prog
ram
(C
opin
gCat
Wor
kboo
k; K
enda
ll et
al.,
199
0)Le
ngth
of
inte
rven
tio
n/c
on
tro
l (w
ee
ks a
nd
se
ssio
ns):
12
wee
ks a
nd 1
2 se
ssio
nsLe
ngth
of
follo
w-u
p (
in m
on
ths):
12
Wai
t-lis
tD
escri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l:Le
ngth
of
inte
rven
tio
n/c
on
tro
l (w
ee
ks a
nd
se
ssio
ns):
12
wee
ksLe
ngth
of
follo
w-u
p (
in m
on
ths):
No
follo
w-u
p
Ou
tco
me
sR
em
issio
n o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iagn
osis
(E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Dic
hoto
mou
sOut
com
eR
ep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Dir
ecti
on
: Hig
her
is b
ette
rD
ata
va
lue
: End
poin
t
You
th r
ep
ort
ed a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
EoT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Sc
ale
: The
Fea
r S
urve
y S
ched
ule
for
Chi
ldre
n-R
evis
ed (
FS
SC
-RR
an
ge
: 0-1
60U
nit
of
mea
su
re: P
oint
sD
ire
cti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
t
Pare
nt re
po
rte
d a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
EoT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Sc
ale
: CB
CL-
inte
rnal
izin
gR
an
ge
: 0-6
4U
nit
of
mea
su
re: P
oint
s
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
10
Dir
ecti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
tN
ote
s: M
othe
r re
port
Rem
issio
n o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iagn
osis
(lo
nge
st
FU
, at
lea
st 3
mo
nth
s)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Dic
hoto
mou
sOut
com
eR
ep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Dir
ecti
on
: Hig
her
is b
ette
rD
ata
va
lue
: End
poin
t
You
th r
ep
ort
ed a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
lon
gest
FU
, a
t le
ast 3
mo
nth
s)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Sc
ale
: The
Fea
r S
urve
y S
ched
ule
for
Chi
ldre
n-R
evis
ed (
FS
SC
-RR
an
ge
: 0-1
60U
nit
of
mea
su
re: P
oint
sD
ire
cti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
t
Pare
nt re
po
rte
d a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
lon
gest
FU
, a
t le
ast 3
mo
nth
s)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Sc
ale
: CB
CL-
inte
rnal
izin
gR
an
ge
: 0-6
4U
nit
of
mea
su
re: P
oint
sD
ire
cti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
tN
ote
s: M
othe
r re
port
You
th r
ep
ort
ed f
un
ction
ing
(E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Not
rep
orte
d
Ob
serv
er
rep
ort
ed f
unction
ing
(E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Sc
ale
: Im
prov
emen
t
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
11
Sc
ale
: Im
prov
emen
tR
an
ge
: 0-6
Un
it o
f m
ea
su
re: P
oint
sD
ire
cti
on
: Hig
her
is b
ette
rD
ata
va
lue
: End
poin
tN
ote
s: C
linic
ian
ratin
g
Com
bin
ed y
ou
th a
nd
obse
rver
repo
rte
d fu
nctio
nin
g (
Eo
T)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Con
tinuo
usO
utco
me
Rep
ort
ing
: Not
rep
orte
d
Num
ber
that
dis
con
tinu
ed t
rea
tmen
t or
con
tro
l (E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Dic
hoto
mou
sOut
com
eR
ep
ort
ing
: Ful
ly r
epor
ted
Dir
ecti
on
: Low
er is
bet
ter
Data
va
lue
: End
poin
t
Iden
tifi
ca
tio
nS
po
ns
ors
hip
so
urc
e:
Thi
s re
sear
ch w
as s
uppo
rted
by
gran
ts fr
om th
e N
atio
nal H
ealth
and
Med
ical
Res
earc
h C
ounc
il of
A
ustr
alia
and
Grif
fith
Uni
vers
ity.
Co
un
try
: A
ustr
alia
Sett
ing
:
Co
mm
en
ts:
Au
tho
rs n
am
e:
Bar
rett
1998
Ins
titu
tio
n:
Em
ail
: N
ot r
epor
ted
Ad
dre
ss:
Sch
ool o
fApp
lied
Psy
chol
ogy,
Grif
fith
Uni
vers
ity, G
old
Coa
st C
ampu
s, A
ustr
alia
4217
.
No
tes
Nkr
43
Ang
st o
n 02
/04/
2016
00:
33
Sele
ct
A la
rge
perc
enta
ge o
f you
th h
ad a
OA
D d
iagn
osis
. How
ever
we
onlly
spe
cify
that
the
diag
nosi
s sh
ould
be
from
DS
M o
r IC
D, b
ut n
ot a
spe
cific
ver
sion
of t
hese
."C
hild
ten
and
thei
r pa
rent
s w
ere
inte
rvie
wed
sep
arat
elyu
sing
a s
truc
ture
d in
terv
iew
sch
edul
e (t
he s
tudy
sta
rted
whe
n th
e D
iagn
ostic
and
Sta
tistic
al M
anua
l of M
enta
lDis
orde
rs, 3
rd e
d., r
ev.;
DS
M-Z
ZZ
-R; A
mer
ican
Psy
chia
tric
Ass
ocia
tion,
198
7), a
nd o
nly
child
ren
with
apr
inci
pal d
iagn
osis
of o
vera
nxio
us d
isor
der
(OA
D; n
=30
1, s
epar
alio
n an
xiet
y di
sord
er (
SA
D; n
= 2
6), o
r so
cial
phob
ia (
n =
4)
wer
e in
clud
ed in
the
trea
tmen
t""I
n th
e G
RO
UP
-CB
T c
ondi
tion,
onl
y th
e ch
ildre
n w
ere
incl
uded
in tr
eatm
ent,
in a
gro
up s
ituat
ion
with
the
ther
apis
t. ""
In
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
12
sum
mar
y, tw
o th
erap
ists
and
six
fam
ilies
-par
ents
and
chi
ldre
n-m
et to
geth
er in
grou
ps fo
r 2
hr o
n a
wee
kly
basi
s, H
ence
, bo
tb tr
eatm
entm
anua
ls w
ere
used
in th
e G
RO
UP
-FA
M c
ondi
tion,
with
par
ents
, chi
ldre
n, a
nd th
erap
isw
wak
ingt
oget
her
as
a gr
oup
in th
e th
erap
y ro
om"
Nkr
43
Ang
st o
n 01
/05/
2016
18:
23
Inc
lud
ed
A
LSO
IN P
ICO
1A
ND
JA
ME
S E
T A
L 20
15
Nkr
43
Ang
st o
n 02
/05/
2016
04:
07
Po
pu
lati
on
on
ly c
hild
ren
with
apr
inci
pal d
iagn
osis
of o
vera
nxio
us d
isor
der
(OA
D; n
=30
1, s
epar
alio
n an
xiet
y di
sord
er (
SA
D; n
= 2
6),
or s
ocia
lpho
bia
(n =
4)
wer
e in
clud
ed in
the
trea
tmen
t.
Hen
nin
g K
ein
ke
And
ers
en
on
04/0
5/20
16 1
9:32
O
utc
om
es
N
umbe
rs u
sed
are
base
d on
ITT
The
Gro
up C
BT
vs
Gro
up F
am h
ad 4
vs
2 dr
op-o
utsA
s fo
r th
e pa
rent
rep
orte
d ou
tcom
es, t
he p
rese
nted
dat
a is
from
mot
her
and
fath
er r
esp
- an
d no
con
sens
us m
ade.
I ha
ve c
hose
n to
leav
e th
is b
lanc
Hen
nin
g K
ein
ke
And
ers
en
on
04/0
5/20
16 2
0:07
In
terv
en
tio
ns
A
t pos
ttrea
tmen
t and
follo
w-u
p, c
linic
ians
who
wer
e un
awar
e of
the
child
's tr
eatm
ent c
ondi
tion
con-
duc
ted
diag
nost
ic
inte
rvie
ws
and
rate
d im
prov
emen
t in
the
child
and
fam
ily o
n th
e ba
sis
of th
e fo
llow
ing:
(a)
all
anxi
ety
diso
rder
item
s of
the
AD
IS (
an e
xact
cop
y of
all
the
AD
IS q
uest
ions
for
each
anx
iety
dlia
gnos
is u
sed
for
asse
ssm
ent a
t pre
trea
tmen
t) a
nd (
b)~
cl
inic
al q
uest
ions
abo
ut s
even
dim
ensi
ons
of a
djus
tmen
t
Ris
k of
bia
s ta
ble
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
13
Bia
sA
uth
ors
'
jud
ge
men
tS
up
po
rt f
or
jud
ge
men
t
Seq
uenc
e G
ener
atio
nU
ncle
ar r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: N
o m
etho
ds s
tate
d, th
e pa
rtic
ipan
ts 'w
ere
rand
omly
allo
cate
d th
ree
trea
tmen
t str
ateg
ies'
Allo
catio
n co
ncea
lmen
tU
ncle
ar r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: M
etho
d of
con
ceal
men
t not
des
crib
ed
Blin
ding
of p
artic
ipan
ts
and
pers
onne
lH
igh
risk
Not
blin
ded
Blin
ding
of o
utco
me
asse
ssor
sLo
w r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: B
ased
on
Coc
hran
e re
view
by
Jam
es e
t al.,
201
5
Inco
mpl
ete
outc
ome
data
Low
ris
kJu
dgem
ent C
omm
ent:
Dro
pout
rat
es 4
/23,
2/1
7 an
d 4/
19 r
esp.
Aut
hors
cla
im n
o si
gnifi
cant
diff
eren
ces
betw
een
com
plet
ers
and
drop
-out
s ve
rifie
d by
AN
OV
A c
ompa
rison
s.
Sel
ectiv
e ou
tcom
e re
port
ing
Low
ris
kJu
dgem
ent C
omm
ent:
No
stud
y pr
otoc
ol a
vaila
ble,
but
pub
licat
ion
incl
udes
all
expe
cted
out
com
es
Oth
er s
ourc
es o
f bia
sLo
w r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: N
one
know
n
Bern
ste
in 2
005
Meth
od
sS
tud
y d
esig
n:
Ran
dom
ized
con
trol
led
tria
lS
tud
y g
rou
pin
g:
Par
alle
l gro
upO
pe
n L
ab
el:
Clu
ste
r R
CT
: Y
ES
Pa
rtic
ipan
tsB
as
elin
e C
ha
racte
ris
tics
Inte
rven
tion
Num
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
(see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
(see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
(see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
0,0
%A
ge in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(tot
al: M
= 9
.0 S
D=
1.0
)A
ge r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: 7 to
11
year
s ol
d (t
otal
gro
up, n
o da
ta o
n gr
oup
age)
Con
trol
(W
L)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
(see
not
e)
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
14
Num
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
(see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
(see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
0,0
%A
ge in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(tot
al: M
= 9
.0 S
D=
1.0
)A
ge r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: 7 to
11
year
s ol
d (t
otal
gro
up, n
o da
ta o
n gr
oup
age)
Inte
rven
tion
2 P
aren
t +ch
ildN
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
(see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
(see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
(see
not
e)N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
0,0
%A
ge in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
by c
ondi
tion
(tot
al: M
= 9
.0 S
D=
1.0
)A
ge r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: 7 to
11
year
s
Inc
lud
ed
cri
teri
a:
Incl
usio
n cr
iteria
req
uire
d D
SM
-IV
dia
gnos
es o
f SA
D, G
AD
,and
/or
SP
or
feat
ures
(on
e or
mor
e, b
ut
not a
ll cr
iteria
) of
one
of th
ese
anxi
ety
diso
rder
s an
d as
soci
ated
com
posi
te C
SR
of 2
to6
on th
e A
DIS
. Ran
ge o
f CS
R is
0
to 8
.E
xc
lud
ed
cri
teri
a:
Exc
lusi
on c
riter
ia w
ere
curr
ent d
iagn
oses
of o
bses
sive
-com
puls
ive
diso
rder
, pos
ttrau
mat
ic s
tres
s di
sord
er, a
ttent
ion-
defic
it/hy
pera
ctiv
ity d
isor
der,
con
duct
dis
orde
r, s
chiz
ophr
enia
, per
vasi
ve d
evel
opm
enta
l dis
orde
r,
maj
or d
epre
ssio
n, o
r al
coho
l or
drug
abu
se o
n th
e A
DIS
; cur
rent
sui
cida
l or
hom
icid
al in
tent
or
plan
; cur
rent
psy
chot
ropi
c m
edic
atio
n; p
aren
t and
/or
child
do
not s
peak
Eng
lish;
rec
ent o
r cu
rren
t tria
l of C
BT
; and
com
posi
te C
SR
>6
on a
ny
anxi
ety
diag
nosi
s.B
ecau
se th
is in
vest
igat
ion
was
an
inte
rven
tion
stud
y fo
r an
xiou
s ch
ildre
n w
ith m
ild to
mod
erat
e sy
mpt
omat
olog
y, th
e m
ost s
ympt
omat
ic c
hild
ren
(CS
R o
f78)
wer
e ex
clud
ed. O
nly
one
pote
ntia
l par
ticip
ant w
as
excl
uded
for
CS
R >
6 an
d w
as r
efer
red
for
trea
tmen
t els
ewhe
re. D
adds
and
col
leag
ues
(199
7) in
clud
ed p
artic
ipan
ts w
ith
CS
Rs
of 1
5. In
this
stu
dy, 1
3 ch
ildre
n w
ith C
SR
<2
wer
e ex
clud
ed.
Pre
trea
tme
nt:
A s
erie
s of
x2
(sex
, bas
elin
e di
agno
stic
sta
tus)
, one
way
AN
OV
A (
age,
con
tinuo
us m
easu
res
of a
nxie
ty),
an
d K
rusk
al-W
allis
(or
dina
l mea
sure
s of
anx
iety
) te
sts
was
con
duct
ed to
ens
ure
equi
vale
ncy
acro
ss g
roup
s on
bas
elin
e m
easu
res.
Ana
lyse
s in
dica
ted
that
gro
ups
wer
e ba
lanc
ed o
n de
mog
raph
ic v
aria
bles
: sex
, x2
= 0
.58,
p =
.75;
age
, F2,
55
= 0
.33,
p =
.72;
and
soc
ioec
onom
ic s
tatu
s, F
2, 5
4 =
0.0
7, p
= .9
4. G
roup
s w
ere
also
equ
ival
ent a
t bas
elin
e on
dia
gnos
tic
stat
us, x
2 =
1.5
8, p
= .4
5; a
nd c
ompo
site
CS
R, K
rusk
al-W
allis
= 3
.1, p
= .3
1. A
naly
ses
furt
her
indi
cate
d th
at g
roup
s w
ere
com
para
ble
at b
asel
ine
on M
AS
C, F
2, 5
5 =
0.3
5, p
= .7
1; p
aren
t MA
SC
, F2,
55
= 0
.14,
p =
.87;
and
par
ent S
CA
RE
D, F
2,
54 =
1.0
2, p
= .3
7.W
L gr
oup
wer
e le
ss il
l at b
asel
ine.
"T
he p
erce
ntag
e of
par
ticip
ants
mee
ting
diag
nost
ic c
riter
ia in
the
child
CB
T p
lus
pare
nt tr
aini
ng g
roup
dec
reas
ed fr
om 8
0% a
t bas
elin
e to
33%
pos
ttrea
tmen
t, ch
ild-o
nly
CB
T g
roup
de
crea
sed
from
82%
at b
asel
ine
to29
% p
osttr
eatm
ent,
and
no-t
reat
men
t con
trol
dec
reas
ed fr
om 6
7% a
t bas
elin
e to
46%
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
15
post
trea
tmen
t.
Inte
rve
nti
on
sIn
terv
en
tio
n C
ha
rac
teri
sti
cs
Inte
rven
tion
Descri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l: T
he F
RIE
ND
S p
rogr
am is
a m
anua
l-bas
ed g
roup
CB
T p
rogr
amfo
r an
xiou
s ch
ildre
n (B
arre
tt et
al.,
200
0). T
he p
rogr
am w
as d
evel
oped
from
the
Cop
ing
Koa
la G
roup
Pro
gram
(B
arre
tt,
1995
), w
hich
was
the
Aus
tral
ian
vers
ion
of th
e C
opin
g C
at P
rogr
am (
Ken
dall,
1990
). T
he F
RIE
ND
S p
rogr
am h
as
dem
onst
rate
d ef
ficac
y in
a r
ando
miz
edcl
inic
al tr
ial (
Sho
rtt e
t al.,
200
1). T
he p
rogr
am c
onsi
sts
of10
wee
kly
sess
ions
an
d 2
boos
ter
sess
ions
. The
pre
sent
stu
dy c
ombi
neds
essi
ons
9 an
d 10
bec
ause
of t
ime
cons
trai
nts.
Bec
ause
a
larg
epor
tion
of s
essi
on 1
0 in
clud
es a
par
ty, n
o se
ssio
n co
nten
t was
lost
Le
ngth
of
inte
rven
tio
n/c
on
tro
l (w
ee
ks a
nd
se
ssio
ns):
60-
min
ute
sess
ions
. 9w
eeks
+ b
oost
er s
essi
ons
at 1
and
3m
onth
sLe
ngth
of
follo
w-u
p (
in m
on
ths):
6m
onth
s (1
2mon
ths
but W
L w
as o
ffere
d tr
eatm
ent a
t 6m
onth
s)
Con
trol
(W
L)D
escri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l: W
L, n
o tr
eatm
ent
Le
ngth
of
inte
rven
tio
n/c
on
tro
l (w
ee
ks a
nd
se
ssio
ns):
9 w
eeks
Le
ngth
of
follo
w-u
p (
in m
on
ths):
6m
onth
s (1
2mon
ths
but W
L w
as o
ffere
d tr
eatm
ent a
t 6m
onth
s)
Inte
rven
tion
2 P
aren
t +ch
ildD
escri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l: C
hild
and
par
ent g
roup
s w
ere
cond
ucte
d se
para
tely
but
sim
ulta
neou
sly.
A
t lea
st o
ne p
aren
t for
eac
h ch
ildw
as r
equi
red
to a
ttend
the
pare
nt tr
aini
ng g
roup
.Le
ngth
of
inte
rven
tio
n/c
on
tro
l (w
ee
ks a
nd
se
ssio
ns):
60-
min
ute
sess
ions
. 9w
eeks
+ b
oost
er s
essi
ons
at 1
and
3m
onth
sLe
ngth
of
follo
w-u
p (
in m
on
ths):
6m
onth
s (1
2mon
ths
but W
L w
as o
ffere
d tr
eatm
ent a
t 6m
onth
s)
Ou
tco
me
sR
em
issio
n o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iagn
osis
(E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Dic
hoto
mou
sOut
com
e
You
th r
ep
ort
ed a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
EoT
)
Not
rep
orte
d
Pare
nt re
po
rte
d a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
EoT
)
Not
rep
orte
d
Rem
issio
n o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iagn
osis
(lo
nge
st
FU
, at
lea
st 3
mo
nth
s)
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
16
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Dic
hoto
mou
sOut
com
eS
cale
: 6m
onth
follo
w-u
p
You
th r
ep
ort
ed a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
lon
gest
FU
, a
t le
ast 3
mo
nth
s)
Not
rep
orte
d
Pare
nt re
po
rte
d a
nxie
ty s
ym
pto
ms (
lon
gest
FU
, a
t le
ast 3
mo
nth
s)
Not
rep
orte
d
You
th r
ep
ort
ed f
un
ction
ing
(E
oT
)
Not
rep
orte
d
Ob
serv
er
rep
ort
ed f
unction
ing
(E
oT
)
Not
rep
orte
d
Com
bin
ed y
ou
th a
nd
obse
rver
repo
rte
d fu
nctio
nin
g (
Eo
T)
Not
rep
orte
d
Num
ber
that
dis
con
tinu
ed t
rea
tmen
t or
con
tro
l (E
oT
)
Ou
tco
me
ty
pe
: Dic
hoto
mou
sOut
com
e
Iden
tifi
ca
tio
nS
po
ns
ors
hip
so
urc
e:
Fun
ded
by g
rant
s fr
om th
e N
atio
nal I
nstit
ute
of M
enta
l Hea
lth (
MH
0653
69),
the
Uni
vers
ity o
f M
inne
sota
Aca
dem
ic H
ealth
Cen
ter,
and
the
Min
neso
ta M
edic
al F
ound
atio
n (G
.A.B
.).
Co
un
try
: U
SA
Sett
ing
: S
choo
l. G
roup
s m
et in
cla
ssro
oms
at th
e ch
ildre
ns
scho
ols
afte
r sc
hool
hou
rs. P
artic
ipan
ts a
t eac
h sc
hool
wer
e di
vide
d in
to tw
o gr
oups
to k
eep
the
num
ber
of c
hild
ren
per
grou
p m
anag
eabl
e w
ith 8
to 1
0 ch
ildre
n pe
r gr
oup.
Chi
ld a
nd
pare
nt g
roup
s w
ere
cond
ucte
d se
para
tely
but
sim
ulta
neou
sly.
Co
mm
en
ts:
Use
d th
e 6
mon
th F
U s
ince
hal
f the
WL
got C
BT
afte
r 6
mon
th fu
Au
tho
rs n
am
e:
Ber
nste
in e
t al 2
005
Ins
titu
tio
n:
Div
isio
n of
Chi
ld a
nd A
dole
scen
t Psy
chia
try,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Min
neso
ta M
edic
al S
choo
l, M
inne
apol
isE
ma
il:
bern
s001
@um
n.ed
uA
dd
res
s:
Div
isio
n of
Chi
ld a
nd A
dole
scen
t Psy
chia
try,
Uni
vers
ity o
f Min
neso
ta M
edic
al S
choo
l, F
256/
2B W
est,
2450
Riv
ersi
de A
venu
e, M
inne
apol
is, M
N 5
5454
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
17
No
tes
Nkr
43
Ang
st o
n 05
/05/
2016
19:
20
Inc
lud
ed
N
ot in
Jam
es e
t al
Kristine
Rasm
usse
n o
n 06
/05/
2016
05:
01
Ou
tco
me
s
All
resu
lts a
re p
er p
roto
colR
emis
sion
of p
rimar
y di
agno
sis
(EoT
) re
sults
cal
cula
ted
by s
ubtr
actin
g %
mee
ting
diag
nosi
s pr
e-in
terv
entio
n by
% m
eetin
g di
agno
sis
post
-inte
rven
tion.
You
th r
epor
ted
anxi
ety
sym
ptom
s (E
oT)
scal
e: C
hild
M
AS
CP
aren
t rep
orte
d an
xiet
y sy
mpt
oms
(EoT
) sc
ale:
Par
ent M
AS
CN
B! A
t 3 a
nd 6
mon
ths
the
two
inte
rven
tion
grou
ps
wer
e co
llaps
ed. M
eans
rep
orte
d in
inte
rven
tion
are
ther
efor
e co
llaps
ed a
nd c
an't
be u
sed
in P
ICO
7. L
onge
st F
U u
sed
is
6mon
ths
as 5
0% o
f WL
part
icip
ants
rec
eive
d C
BT
from
6m
onth
s on
war
ds.Y
outh
rep
orte
d an
xiet
y sy
mpt
oms
(6m
-FU
) sc
ale:
Chi
ld M
AS
C, u
ncer
tain
ty a
bout
num
ber
of p
artic
ipan
ts a
t 6m
onth
s. N
is ta
ken
from
rem
issi
on o
f prim
ary
anxi
ety
diag
nosi
sPar
ent r
epor
ted
anxi
ety
sym
ptom
s (6
m-F
U)
scal
e: P
aren
t MA
SC
, unc
erta
inty
abo
ut n
umbe
r of
par
ticip
ants
at
6mon
ths.
N is
take
n fr
om r
emis
sion
of p
rimar
y an
xiet
y di
agno
sis
Ris
k of
bia
s ta
ble
Bia
sA
uth
ors
'
jud
ge
men
tS
up
po
rt f
or
jud
ge
men
t
Seq
uenc
e G
ener
atio
nU
ncle
ar r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: M
etho
d of
ran
dom
isat
ion
not m
entio
ned.
Onl
y m
entio
ns th
at s
choo
ls w
ere
rand
omis
ed to
one
of
3 c
ondi
tions
Allo
catio
n co
ncea
lmen
tU
ncle
ar r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: N
ot m
entio
ned
Blin
ding
of p
artic
ipan
ts
and
pers
onne
lH
igh
risk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: Im
poss
ible
to b
lind
part
icip
ants
Blin
ding
of o
utco
me
asse
ssor
sLo
w r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: S
ever
al p
roce
dure
s he
lped
to m
aint
ain
the
blin
d fo
r th
e in
depe
nden
t eva
luat
ors.
Bec
ause
of
antic
ipat
ed r
esea
rch
staf
f tur
nove
r, p
artic
ipan
ts w
ere
rand
omly
ass
igne
d to
inde
pend
ent e
valu
ator
s at
bas
elin
e an
d ag
ain
post
trea
tmen
t. A
ll in
depe
nden
t eva
luat
ors
cond
ucte
d in
terv
iew
s w
ith c
hild
ren
from
eac
h of
the
thre
e sc
hool
s.
Fam
ilies
wer
e in
stru
cted
not
to m
entio
n th
eir
cond
ition
ass
ignm
ent t
o th
e in
depe
nden
t eva
luat
ors.
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
18
Inco
mpl
ete
outc
ome
data
Unc
lear
ris
kJu
dgem
ent C
omm
ent:
Goo
d flo
w d
iagr
am in
200
5 pa
per,
but
diff
icul
t to
follo
w p
artic
ipan
ts a
t 6m
onth
s F
U r
epor
ted
in
the
2008
. Fx
at 6
mon
ths
12 W
L pa
rtic
ipan
ts c
hose
CB
T tr
eatm
ent a
nd 1
2 re
mai
ned
in th
e st
udy.
How
ever
, the
re
mis
sion
of t
he p
rimar
y di
agno
sis
outc
ome
repo
rts
resu
lts fo
r 15
WL
part
icip
ants
. The
oth
er o
utco
mes
are
rep
orte
d w
ithou
t par
ticip
ant f
igur
es.
Sel
ectiv
e ou
tcom
e re
port
ing
Low
ris
kJu
dgem
ent C
omm
ent:
All
outc
omes
rep
orte
d on
, but
not
all
outc
omes
hav
e ea
sily
inte
rpre
tabl
e da
ta r
epor
ted.
Oth
er s
ourc
es o
f bia
sU
ncle
ar r
isk
Judg
emen
t Com
men
t: C
lust
er R
CT
and
ther
e w
as n
o ac
coun
t for
gro
up e
ffect
s in
the
inte
rpre
tatio
n an
d pr
esen
tatio
n of
res
ults
Es
bjo
rn 2
014
Meth
od
sS
tud
y d
esig
n:
Ran
dom
ized
con
trol
led
tria
lS
tud
y g
rou
pin
g:
Par
alle
l gro
upO
pe
n L
ab
el:
Clu
ste
r R
CT
:
Pa
rtic
ipan
tsB
as
elin
e C
ha
racte
ris
tics
Inte
rven
tion
Num
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
for
each
con
ditio
n, to
tal s
ampl
e: 3
, 6%
Num
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
for
each
con
ditio
n, to
tal s
ampl
e: 1
2, 2
2%N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
for
each
con
ditio
n, to
tal s
ampl
e: 2
5, 4
6%N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
Not
rep
orte
d fo
r ea
ch c
ondi
tion,
tota
l sam
ple:
14,
26%
Ag
e in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
for
each
con
ditio
n, to
tal s
ampl
e: 9
.59,
SD
= 1
.7 y
ears
Ag
e r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: Not
rep
orte
d fo
r ea
ch c
ondi
tion,
tota
l sam
ple:
7-1
2 (n
o ad
oles
cent
s)
Con
trol N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
socia
l p
ho
bia
(n
, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
for
each
con
ditio
n, to
tal s
ampl
e: 3
, 6%
Num
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
gen
era
lize
d a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
for
each
con
ditio
n, to
tal s
ampl
e: 1
2, 2
2%N
um
be
r w
ith
prim
ary
sep
ara
tio
n a
nxie
ty d
iso
rder
(n, %
): N
ot r
epor
ted
for
each
con
ditio
n, to
tal s
ampl
e: 2
5, 4
6%N
um
be
r w
ith
oth
er
type
s o
f p
rim
ary
an
xie
ty d
iso
rde
rs (
n,
%):
Not
rep
orte
d fo
r ea
ch c
ondi
tion,
tota
l sam
ple:
14,
26%
Ag
e in
yea
rs (
me
an,
SD
): N
ot r
epor
ted
for
each
con
ditio
n, to
tal s
ampl
e: 9
.59,
SD
= 1
.7 y
ears
Ag
e r
an
ge a
nd
pro
po
rtio
n o
f ch
ildre
n a
nd a
do
lesce
nts
: Not
rep
orte
d fo
r ea
ch c
ondi
tion,
tota
l sam
ple:
7-1
2 (n
o ad
oles
cent
s)
-
NK
R A
ngst
PIC
O 7
foræ
ldre
indd
rage
lse
11-M
ay-2
016
Rev
iew
Man
ager
5.3
19
Inc
lud
ed
cri
teri
a:
Incl
usio
n cr
iteria
wer
e: i)
the
child
had
one
of fo
ur a
nxie
ty d
isor
ders
(ge
nera
lized
anx
iety
dis
orde
r (G
AD
), s
epar
atio
n an
xiet
y di
sord
er(S
AD
), s
peci
fic p
hobi
a (S
P)
or s
ocia
l pho
bia
(SoP
)) a
s th
eir
prim
ary
diag
nosi
s; ii
) th
e ch
ildha
d a
full
scal
e IQ
70;
and
iii)
at le
ast o
ne o
f the
par
ents
was
a n
ativ
e sp
eake
r of
Dan
ish.
Exc
lud
ed
cri
teri
a:
Not
sta
ted
spec
ifica
llyP
retr
ea
tme
nt:
The
re w
ere
no s
igni
fican
t diff
eren
cesi
n ag
e di
strib
utio
n, g
ende
r or
mea
n se
verit
y le
vel o
f the
prim
ary
diag
nosi
s at
inta
ke (
Mea
nCS
Rpr
imar
y: c
o-fa
cilia
tor
7.23
(S
D =
.86)
vs.
co-
clie
nt 7
.64
(SD
= .7
3); p
= .0
63)
or n
umbe
rof
diag
nose
s pe
r ch
ild (
χ2
= .8
52, d
f: 2;
p =
.653
) be
twee
n th
e tw
o gr
oups
(E
sbjø
rn e
t al 2
013)
As
can
be s
een
in T
able
2,
we
foun
d no
diffe
renc
es b
etw
een
trea
tmen
t gro
ups
on th
e re
leva
nt p
aren
talm
easu
res
at p
retr
eatm
ent,
base
d on
a
Bon
ferr
oni c
orre
cted
alp
hale
vel o
f .01
2. (
Esb
jørn
et a
l 201
4)
Inte
rve
nti
on
sIn
terv
en
tio
n C
ha
rac
teri
sti
cs
Inte
rven
tion
Descri
ptio
n o
f ty
pe o
f in
terv
en
tio
n/c
on
tro
l: T
he tr
eatm
ents
wer
e gu
ided
by
case
form
ulat
ions
and
wer
e co
nduc
ted
by
spec
ialis
ts in
CB
T fo
r ch
ildre
n an
d/or
new
ther
apis
tsat
tend
ing
a 2-
year
cer
tifie
d tr
aini
ng p
rogr
am in
CB
T fo
r ch
ildre
n an
d ad
oles
cent
s.T
reat
men
t goa
ls w
ere
iden
tifie
d w
ith c
hild
and
par
ents
at t
he fi
rst f
amily
ses
sion
.Fur
ther
mor
e, th
e fir
st fa
mily
ses
sion
con
sist
ed o
f the
follo
win
g co
mpo
nent
s; c
reat
ing
a ca
sefo
rmul
atio
n,ps
ycho
-edu
catio
n on
anx
iety
, an
d so
cial
izat
ion
to C
BT
. The
cas
e-fo
rmul
atio
nide
ntifi
ed th
e ch
ilds
thou
ghts
, em
otio
ns a
nd b
ehav
iour
s in
anx
iety
pr
ovok
ing
situ
atio
ns,a
nd a
lso
impo
rtan
t fam
ily fa
ctor
s pr
ior
to th
e de
velo
pmen
t/ide
ntifi
catio
n of
the
anxi
ety
andd
urin
g th
e an
xiet
y pr
ovok
ing
situ
atio
ns. T
he fi
nal f
amily
ses
sion
incl
uded
rel
apse
pre
vent
ion.
Kno
wle
dge
of
fam
ily d
ynam
ics
and
life
even
ts h
ad b
een
colle
cted
dur
ing
the
pret
reat
men
tass
essm
ent.F
amili
es w
ho w
ere
enro
lled
in th
e co
-clie
nt c
ondi
tion
rece
ived
six
par
alle
l par