nlw-1

8/12/2019 NLW-1

1/92

FM 90-40

MCRP 3-15.8

NWP 3-07.31

USCG PUB 3-07.31

NLW

MULTISERVICE PROCEDUR

FOR THE

TACTICAL EMPLOYMENT

NONLETHAL WEAPONS

OCTOBER 1998

DISTRIBUTIONRESTRICTION:Approved

for public release; distribution is unlimited.

ARMY, MARINE CORPS, NAVY

AIR LAND SEA

APPLICATION

CENTER

MULTISERVICE TACTICS, TECHNIQUES, AND PROCEDURES

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

2/92

FOREWORD

This publica tion ha s been prepa red under our direction for use by our respect ive

comma nds a nd other comma nds a s a ppropria te.

WILLIAM W. HARTZOGGenera l , US A

Commander

Tra ining and D octrine Comma nd

J . E. RHODESLieutenant G enera l , US MC

Commanding General

Ma rine Corps Combat

Development Comma nd

G. S. HOLDERRear Admiral , USN

Commander

Naval Doctr ine Command

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

3/92

i

PREFACE

employment of NLW during exercises and

contingencies .

b. Th e U n i t e d S t a t e s (U S ) Ar m y,

M a r i n e C o r p s , N a v y , a n d C o a s t G u a r dapproved this multiservice publication.

4. Implementation Plan

Par t ic ipat ing serv ice command of f ices

o f p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ( O P R s ) w i l l

r e v i e w t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n , v a l i d a t e t h e

informa tion, and reference a nd incorpora te

i t i n s e r v i c e m a n u a l s , r e g u l a t i o n s , a n d

curricula as follows:

Army. The Army will incorporate theprocedures in this publication in US Army

t r a i n i n g a n d d o c t r i n a l p u b l i c a t i o n s a s

d i r e c t e d b y t h e c o m m a n d e r , U S A r m y

T r a i n i n g a n d D o c t r i n e C o m m a n d

(TRADOC). Distribution is in accordance

with DA Form 12-11E.

Marine Corps. The Ma rine Corps w illi n c o r p o r a t e t h e p r o c e d u r e s i n t h i s

pub l ica t ion in US Mar ine Corps t r a in ing

and doctr inal publ icat ions as directed by

th e comman ding genera l , U S Ma rine CorpsCombat Development C omma nd (MCCD C).

Distribution is in accordance with MCPDS.

Navy. The Navy will incorporate thesep r o c e d u r e s i n U S N a v y t r a i n i n g a n d

doct r ina l pub l ica t ions as d i rec ted by the

commander , Navy War fare Deve lopment

C o m m a n d (N WD C ). D i s t r i b u t i on i s i n

a c c o r da n c e w i t h M I L S T R I P D e s k Gu i de

a nd N AVSOP P ublication 409.

Coast Guard. T h e C o a s t Gua r d w i l li n c o r p o r a t e t h e p r o c e d u r e s i n t h i s

publ ica t i on i n U S C o a s t G ua r d doct r i n a l

a nd tr a ining publica tions as directed by the

a s s i s t a n t c o m m a n d a n t f o r o p e r a t i o n s ,

D i rec tor o f Opera t ions Po l icy , US Coas t

G ua rd. Dist ribution of th is publicat ion is

in accordance wi th Coas t Guard s tanding

operat ing procedures .

1. Scope

This publication describes multiservice

ta ctics, techniques, a nd pr ocedures (MTTP )

f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n a n d u s e d u r i n g t h etactical employment of nonlethal weapons

(NLW) in support of warfighting personnel

conducting tra ining and t a ctica l opera tions.

This publication

a. Provides an overv iew of NLW.

b. P r ov ide s N L W s y s t em de s cr i pt i on /

in teroperab i l i ty .

c . Descr ibes the capa bil it ies of NLW.

d . D i scu s se s t r a i n in g w i t h t h e N L W

capabi l i ty set .

e . D i s cus s es t h e t a c t i ca l e m pl oy m en t

of NLW.

f . D i s c u s s e s l e s s on s l e a r n e d f r o m

previous NLW use.

2. Purpose

a . This pub l ica t ion prov ides a s ing le-

s o u r c e , c o n s o l i d a t e d r e f e r e n c e o n t h e

t a c t i c a l e m p l o y m e n t o f N L W a n d

s u p p o r t i n g s y s t e m s o n t h e n o n l i n e a r

battlefield of today. Additionally, it will fill

the void that currently exists about MTTP

for th e ta ctical employment of NLW.

b. This pub lica t ion i s not in tended to

r e s t r i c t t h e a u t h o r i t y o f t h e c o m m a n de r

from orga nizing th e force and executing th e

mission in a manner deemed appropriate.

3. Application

a . Th i s p u bl ica t i on p r ov id e s

commanders and their s ta f fs unclassi f ied

g u i d a n c e f o r N L W e m p l o y m e n t a n d

pla nning. Commanders a nd sta f fs can use

t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n t o a i d i n t h e t a c t i c a l

Marine Corps: PCN 14300005700

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

4/92

8/12/2019 NLW-1

5/92

iii

FM 90-40MCRP 3-15.8NWP 3-07.31

USCG PUB 3-07.31

FM 90-40 US Army Training and Doctrine CommandFort Monroe, Virginia

MCRP 3-15.8 Marine Corps Combat Development CommandQuantico, Virginia

NWP 3-07.31 Navy Warfare Development CommandNorfolk, Virginia

USCG PUB 3-07.31 US Coast GuardWashington, D.C.

6 October 1998

NLW

Page

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...........................................................................................................

CHAPTER I OVERVIEW OF NONLETHAL WEAPONSB a ckgr oun d .................................................................................................

D efin it ion ....................................................................................................

C oncept D escr ipt ion ..................................................................................

B a ckground on D evelopment a nd E mployment .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . ..Rela t ionship of NL W t o Dea dly Force ....................................................

Adva nt a ges of E mploying NLW ...............................................................Policy Per Office of the Secretary of Defense Instructions on

E mploymen t of NLW ..............................................................................

CHAPTER II PURPOSE, SYSTEM DESCRIPTION, AND ORGANIZATIONP ur pose ......................................................................................................S ys t em D escr ipt ion .................................................................................

Or ga ni za t ion .............................................................................................

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

6/92

iv

CHAPTER III CAPABILITIES OF NONLETHAL WEAPONSApplica bility Across th e Ran ge of Milita ry Opera tions .. . . .. . . . . .. . . . . .. . . .

C ore C a pa bilit ies ....................................................................................

Li mit a t ions ..............................................................................................

CHAPTER IV TRAINING WITH THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SETFund a menta l Concepts a nd Tra ining Requirements . . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. .

Tra inin g of In st ru ctors ...........................................................................Nonletha l Tra ining Topics for Deploying U nit s . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .

U nit Tra inin g ...........................................................................................

Lea der Tra ini ng ...................................................................................... Su mm a ry ..................................................................................................

CHAPTER V EMPLOYMENT OF THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITYB a ckgr oun d ................................................................................................Mission P la nnin g Fa ctors .. . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .

NLW Ta sks .................................................................................................

St a ff P la nn ing/Responsibilit ies .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. Ta cti cs .......................................................................................................

E mp loym ent Objecti ves .........................................................................

E nv ir onm en t ............................................................................................

R OE .......................................................................................................... Logist ic Considera t ions Including Maint enance a nd

Tra nsport a tion .....................................................................................

CHAPTER VI LESSONS LEARNEDB a ckgr oun d ..............................................................................................

For ce C ont inu um ....................................................................................

E mp loym en t .............................................................................................P ublicity a nd Media ................................................................................

Ca pa bilities an d Im pa ct on Mission Accomplishment .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .Kn owin g Your Adversa ry .......................................................................

Su mm a ry ..................................................................................................

APPENDIX A NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SET INDIVIDUAL ......................

APPENDIX B SPECIALTY IMPACT MUNITIONS ...........................................................

APPENDIX C NONLETHAL INDIVIDUAL WEAPONS INSTRUCTOR COURSE ..........

APPENDIX D SAMPLE UNIT TRAINING SCHEDULE ...................................................

REFERENCES......................................................................................................

GLOSSARY ................................................................................................................

INDEX ................................................................................................................................

FIGURES V-1 B a nds of E mployment of Var ious NLW Sy stems .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . No. 15-" S tin ger Tea m" G rena de ...................................................

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

7/92

v

No. 40F-Foa m R ubber Mult iple Ba ton Round ... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .

No. 23B R-B ea n B a g Round ...........................................................

No. 23H V-Rubber P ellet Round H igh Velocity ...........................

No. 23WB -Sin gle Wood B a ton Round ..........................................

No. 40B-St inger Tea m Roun d .......................................................

No. 23RP -Rubber P ellet Round ....................................................

No. 40W-Wood Mult iple Ba ton R ound ........................................

No. 40A-St inger Tea m Round ....................................................... No. 23FB -D iver siona ry Device ..................................................

No. 23FS -Rubber F in S ta bilized R ound ... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . ..

TABLES IV-1 40mm Foam B a ton Round ............................................................ IV-3IV-2 40mm Wood B a ton R ound ............................................................ IV-3IV-3 40mm Stinger Round (60 Caliber)............................................... IV-3IV-4 12-ga Bea n B a g Round ................................................................. IV-3IV-5 12-ga Wood B a t on Roun d ............................................................. IV-4IV-6 12-ga R ubber P ellet Round .......................................................... IV-4IV-7 S t in ger G ren a de ............................................................................ IV-4V-1 Crowd Control................................................................................ V-2

V-2 In ca pa cita t e P ersonn el .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . V-4V-3 Den y Area to P ersonn el ................................................................ V-5V-4 Den y Area t o Vehicles ................................................................... V-6V-5 Deny/Neutra lize Vehicles, Aircraft , Vessels, a nd Fa cili t ies . . . . V-7V-6 S eize P ers onn el .............................................................................. V-8V-7 Clea r Fa cilities of P ersonn el ....................................................... V-9

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

8/92

vi

NLW

Multiservice Procedures for the

Tactical Employment of Nonlethal Weapons

No longer ca n force be view ed as eit her on or off (leth a l force or no force) becau se

w hole spectr ums of th rea ts a re present toda y. NLWs' options allow force to be viewed as

a continuum . Much like a rheosta t sw itch where power can be dialed up or down a s desired,

NLW provide t ools t o a llow a comma nder to employ sufficient force to a ccomplish a n objective

w ithout requiring th e destruction of an enemy or the ha bita t . The int ent of employing

NLW is not to add a nother step in the progression of esca lat ion wit h an a dversary but to

a dd a nother tool to use a nyw here along th a t continuum . This publica tion provides initial

guida nce for the employment of NLW in a ta ctical environment .

Overview of NLW

Ch a pter I describes the concept of NLW a nd provides the background on development

a nd employment of NLW. The cha pter goes on to expla in th e relat ionship of NLW to

dea dly force capa bilities. The final portion of th e cha pter reviews policy per Office of the

Secreta ry of Defense instr uctions on employment of NLW.

Purpose, System Description, and Organization

Chapter II describes the purpose of NLW and gives a brief description of the currently

a va ilable commercial or g overnm ent off-th e-shelf (COTS/G OTS) equipment a nd mun itions.

T h e c h a p t e r g o e s o n t o e x p l a i n t h e c ur r e n t l y a n t i c i pa t e d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f n o n l e t h a l

equipment for t he U nited S ta tes Army, Mar ine Corps, a nd Air Force units. The final portion

of the chapter addresses personnel requirements, organizational structure requirements,

a nd mission requirements/ta ctica l structur e.

Capabilities of NLW

Chapter III describes capabili t ies of NLW and missions across the range of military

opera tions. Addit iona lly, a det a iled discussion of mun itions and nonmu nit ions capa bilities

is presented.

Training With the NLW Capability Set

Chapter IV descr ibes tra ining requirements , methods, locat ions , and a program of

instruction currently available for NLW options.

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

9/92

vii

Employment of NLW Capability

C h a p t e r V d e s c r i b e s e m p l o y m e n t p r e r e q u i s i t e s , m i s s i o n - p l a n n i n g f a c t o r s , a n d

personnel requirement s needed to employ NLW options . The chapt er a lso discusses

employ ing NLW as augmenta t ion to le tha l weapons and prov ides log is t i c and sa fe ty

cons idera t ions .

Lessons Learned

Ch a pter VI focuses on lessons lear ned from recent operat ions. The cha pter discusses

h o w n o n l e t h a l t e c h n o l o g y h a s c h a n g e d t h e w a y w e l o o k a t o ur a dv e r s a r y , t h e f o r c e

continuum, mission accomplishment, and media interaction.

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

10/92

viii

PROGRAM PARTICIPANTS

The follow ing comma nds a nd a gencies part icipat ed in th e development of this publica tion:

J oint

U S Atla nt ic Comma nd, J 35/J 75, J TASC , Suffolk, VA

U S E uropea n Comma nd, J 3/J 5, AP O AE

US P acif ic Command, J 3832, Cam p H. M. Smith, H IUS Centra l Command, J 3, Ma cDill Air Force Ba se, FL

US Southern Command, SCJ 5-P S, Miami, FL

US Space Comma nd, SP J 5X, Peterson AFB , CO

US Special Opera t ions Command, J SOFI, SOF I-D, Fort Bra gg, NC

J oint Nonletha l Weapons Dir ectora te, Qua ntico, VA

Army

Hea dqua rters, D epa rtm ent of the Army, ODCS OP S (DAMO-FD T), P enta gon, Wa shington, D.C.

U S Army Tra ining a nd D octr ine Comm a nd, D CS DOC (ATDO-A), Fort Monroe, VA

U S Arm y Tra ining a nd D octr ine Comma nd, D CS CD (ATDO-MM), Fort Monr oe, VA

US Army Infant ry Center, DCD, Fort B enning, GA

U S Army Milita ry P olice School, ATTN: ATZN-MP -CB I, Fort McClellan , ALMan uever Support B a tt le Lab, B ldg 3200, US AEC , Fort Leonard Wood, MO

Hea dqua rters, 7th Army Tra ining C enter, AP O AE 09114

Marine Corps

Mar ine Corps Combat Development C omman d, J oint Doctrin e Br a nch (C427), Qua ntico, VAMar ine Corps Deta chment Milita ry P olice a nd Ch emica l School, Fort McClellan , AL

Special Opera tions Tra ining G roup (G -7), I Ma rine Expeditiona ry F orce, Ca mp P endleton, CA

Navy

Comma nder, Navy Wa rfa re Development C omman d, Norfolk Nava l B a se, Norfolk, VA

Air Force

Deta chment, Hea dqua rters Air Force Doctrine Center, Langley Air Force Ba se, VA

Hea dqua rters Air Comba t C omman d (SF XR), La ngley Air Force B a se, VAHea dqua rters Air Force Specia l Opera tions Comma nd (DOXT), Hur lburt F ield, FL

Hum a n S yst ems Center, Br ooks Air Force B a se, TX

Coast Guard

Commanda nt , U S C oast G uard, (G-OPD ), Washington, D.C.

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

11/92

I-1

Chapter I

1. Background

a . Tod a y i n a n op er a t i on a l e n v ir o n -

ment, United States (US) forces regularly

p e r f o r m m i s s i o n s t h a t w e r e a l m o s t

inconceivable a few deca des ago. In th is

new environment, f irepower or the threat

o f i t s use may no longer be the de faul t

solution to a ll crises or problems. Sen ior

l e a d e r s f a c e a n e w l e v e l o f p u b l i c

s e n s i t i v i t y a n d s c r u t i n y c o n c e r n i n g t h e

proper role of the milita ry a s a n instr ument

of na tional power. Field command ers mustunderstand these sensi t ivi t ies a nd a t t empt

to a chieve mea sured milita ry force. J unior

leaders must apply the resulting decisions

w i s e l y , o f t e n i n s i t u a t i o n s f i l l e d w i t h

uncertainty and danger .

b. Th r o u g h ou t h i s t o r y , ch a n g e s i n

c u l t u r e a n d t e c h n o l o g y i n f l u e n c e d t h e

character of military force and the manner

in wh ich it is employed. These cha nges ar e

a n a t t e m p t t o m a x i m i z e t h e u t i l i t y o f

militar y force in a new opera tional regime.

Promising new nonlethal weapons (NLW)

p r o p o s a l s r e p r e s e n t a d v a n c e s i n

technology. In th e complex a nd cha nging

political and social domain of the modern

world, nonlethal capabili t ies may offer the

opportuni ty to increase the ut i l i ty of the

m i l i t a r y a s a n i n s t r u m e n t o f n a t i o n a l

power .

2. Definition

NLW are def ined as weapons that are

e x p l i c i t l y d e s i g n e d a n d p r i m a r i l y

employed, at a minimum, to discourage or

a t most, incapa cita te personnel or ma teriel

wh i le minimiz ing fa t a l it ies a nd undesired

damage to property and the environment .

NLW achieve these benefits by employing

m e a n s o t h e r t h a n c a t a s t r o ph i c ph y s i c a l

des t ruc t ion to incapac i t a te the i r t a rge ts .

The term nonlethal should be understood

as a func t ion o f in tent ; zero mor ta l i ty or

p e r m a n e n t d a m a g e a r e g o a l s n o t

gua ra nt ees o f th ese w eapons . NLW a dd

f l e x i b i l i t y t o c o m b a t o p e r a t i o n s a n d

enhance force protect ion by providing an

environment in which f r iendly troops can

e n g a g e t h r e a t e n i n g t a r g et s w i t h l i m it e d

r i s k o f n o n c o m b a t a n t c a s u a l t i e s a n d

col la teral damage.

3. Concept Description

N o n l e t h a l c a p a b i l i t i e s m a y p r o v i d e

armed forces wi th the necessary means to

c o n t r o l t h e f l o w o f r e f u g e e s , e n f o r c e

m a n d a t e s , a n d p r o t e c t t h e m s e l v e s i n

c o n s o n a n c e w i t h t h e s p e c i f i e d r u l e s o f

engagement (ROE) for a specific operation.

The food relief effort in Soma lia is a superb

example where use of lethal weapons, with

t h e e x c e p t i o n o f f o r c e p r o t e c t i o n , w a s

inconsistent with the mission.

4. Background on Development andEmployment

a . M i li t a r y f or c es h a v e lo n g u s ed

nonle tha l fo rce to in f luence behav ior o f

people and nations, defeat adversaries with

m i n i m um us e o f l e t h a l c a pa b i l i t i e s , a n d

w e a k e n a dv e r s a r i e s t o de f e a t t h e m w i t h

convent iona l a rms . E xa mples o f c l ass ic

nonlethal means include a show of force ;

p h y s i c a l o b s t a c l e s ; n o i s e t o c r e a t e o renhance psychological e f fects ; smoke and

obscurants to mask opera t ions or de fea t

homing and guida nce mecha nisms; and light

used to disorient combat a nt s. These classic

nonle tha l means wi l l remain re levant in

f u t u r e o p e r a t i o n s a n d a r e a p a r t o f a n

e v o l u t i o n a r y p r o c e s s o f w e a p o n s

development .

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

12/92

I-2

b. I n c r ea s e d i n t e r a c t i on b et w e en U S

forces and civilian populations has become

a feature of the contemporary operational

landscape that is l ikely to remain the case

for th e foreseea b le fu t ure . Tw o f a c tors

account for this forecast:

(1) Wo r ldw i de pa t t e r n s o f popu l a -t ion growth a nd migrat ion ha ve resul ted in

an expansion of urban cul ture wi thin the

established industrialized nations and also

in many preindustrial and emerging Third

W o r l d s o c i e t i e s . T h e pr e v a l e n c e o f

urbanization in many crisis-prone regions

of the world crea tes t he potent ial for large,

vulnerable groups of noncombatants to be

c a u g h t u p i n v o l a t i l e c o n f r o n t a t i o n s

involving the deployment of milita ry forces.

(2) U S forces increasingly opera te in

t h e c h a l l e n g i n g e n v i r o n m e n t k n o w n a s

m i l i t a r y o p e r a t i o n s o t h e r t h a n w a r

(MOOTW); a category that includes such

m i s si on s a s h u m a n i t a r i a n a s s i s t a n c e,

disaster relief , noncombatant evacuations,

and the various types of peace operations.

These operations commonly involve close

a nd cont inua l interaction betw een U S forces

a nd noncomba ta nt civil ians. Some MOOTW

s c e n a r i o s i n c l u d e t h e p r e s e n c e o f

p a r a m i l i t a r y f o r c e s , a r m e d f a c t i o n s , o rrogue elements that present a constant but

uncer ta in thr ea t to our forces . In these

si tuat ions , the mission of mil i tary forces

includes preventive ta sks. In other words,

US forces enhance mission accomplishment

by preventing individuals or factions from

c a r r y i n g o u t s p e c i f i e d u n d e s i r a b l e

a c t i v i t i e s , s u c h a s r i o t i n g , l o o t i n g ,

a t t a c k i n g , h a r a s s i n g , o r t h r e a t e n i n g .

Somet imes , the adversary b lends in w i th

the local populat ion of innocent c i t izens .

Other times, sectors of the local populationmay r i se aga ins t our forces and become

a c t i v e p a r t i c i p a n t s i n a c t s o f v i o l e n c e .

Factional alignments, the level of violence,

and the threat to mission accomplishment

ma y change f requently and wi th l it t le or no

wa rning . U nder such ci rcumsta nces , the

identity of our a dversaries is uncerta in an d

the use of deadly force for purposes other

than se l f -de fense may be cons t ra ined by

R O E o r t h e j u d g m e n t o f t h e o n - s c e n e

commander .

5. Relationship of NLW to Deadly Force

a . The commitment of mil ita ry power t o

resolve crises ha s t ra ditionally involved theuse of dea dly force or t he implicit or explicit

threat of th e use of dea dly force. Milita ry

units are trained, organized, and equipped

for th is purpose. A force a rmed only w ith

tradi t ional mil i tary weapons normal ly has

t w o o p t i o n s f o r e n f o r c i n g c o m p l i a n c e :

th r eats of deadl y force a n d appl i cat i on of

dead l y fo rce. Th i s l i m i t a t i o n c r ea t e s a

critical vulnerabili ty that belligerents may

quickly discern and use to their advantage.

b. N on l e t h a l c a p a b i l i t i e s p r ov i d e a

wider ran ge of opt ions th a t a ugment but do

not r ep l ace t r a d i t i o n a l m e a n s o f d e a d l y

force. Theoption to resort to deadly force

m u s t a l w a y s r e m a i n a v a i l a b l e w h e n t h e

comma nder believes i t is a ppropriat e to the

m i s s i o n . Th e D e p a r t m e n t of D e f e n s e

D i r e c t i v e ( D O D D ) 3 0 0 0 . 3 , Po l i c y fo r

N onl etha l Weapons, 9 J u ly 1996, s t a tes

t h a t the avai l abi l i ty of NL W wi l l not l im i t

a Comm ande r s i nher en t au tho r i t y and

ob l i ga t i on to use a l l n ecessa r y meansavail able and t o take all appropri ate acti on

i n sel f-d efense. The existen ce of nonlet ha l

c a p a b i l i t i e s d o e s n o t r e p r e s e n t t h e

p o t e n t i a l f o r n o n l e t h a l w a r , a n d

unrea listic expecta tions to tha t effect m ust

b e v i g or o u s l y a v o id e d . N o n c om b a t a n t

casualties, to include serious injuries and

fatali t ies, will continue to be a regrettable

b u t o f t e n u n a v o i d a b l e o u t c o m e w h e n

military power is employed, regardless of

NLW a va ilability . This principle, a ugment

d e a d l y f o r c e , i s f u n d a m e n t a l t o t h eplanning and execut ion o f any opera t ion

w h e r e t h e e m p l o y m e n t o f n o n l e t h a l

capabili t ies is contemplated.

c . ROE must be clear ly a r t i cula t ed and

understood to establish the role of NLW as

a n addi t iona l mea ns of employing force for

t h e p a r t i c u l a r p u r p o s e o f l i m i t i n g t h e

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

13/92

I-3

probab i l i ty o f dea th or ser ious in jury to

n o n c om b a t a n t s o r b e l li g e r e n t s . U s e o f

d e a d l y f o r c e m u s t a l w a y s r e m a i n a n

inherent r ight of indiv iduals in instances

w h e n t h e y , t h e i r f e l l o w s e r v i c e m e n , o r

personnel in the i r charge are threa tened

wit h dea th or ser ious bodi ly ha rm. NLW

add f lex ib i l i ty to combat opera t ions andenhance force protect ion by providing an

e n v i r o n m e n t w h e r e U S f o r c e s c a n

per m i s s iv el y e n g a g e t h r e a t e n i n g t a r g e t s

w i t h l i m i t e d r i s k o f n o n c o m b a t a n t

casual t ies and col la teral damage.

d . C om m a n d er s a n d p u b li c a f fa i r s

officers must prepare personnel to address

media quest ions a nd concerns rega rding th e

r o l e o f N L W . O p e r a t i o n a l e x p er i e n c e

indicates that novel capabi l i t ies g ive r ise

to s ign i fi ca n t media in teres t . P ersonnelpa r t i c i pa t i n g i n i n t e r v i e w s o r b r i e f i n g s

must be prepared to address the ro le o f

NLW. They must ma ke i t clea r tha t the

p r e s e n c e o f N L W i n n o w a y i n d i c a t e s

abandoning the opt ion to employ deadly

force in appropriate circumstances.

6. Advantages of Employing NLW

N L W p r o v i d e c o m m a n d e r s t h e

f l e x i b i l i t y t o i n f l u e n c e t h e s i t u a t i o nf a v o r a b l y w i t h r e d u c e d r i s k o f

n o n c o m b a t a n t f a t a l i t i e s a n d c o l l a t e r a l

dam age. Some adva nta ges fol low:

a . Th e y ca n b e m o r e h u m a n e a n d

c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e p o l i t i c a l a n d s o c i a l

implicat ions implici t in humanitar ian and

peacekeeping missions.

b. Th e f or c e t h a t p r o pe r l y e m p l oy s

nonle tha l opt ions ga ins advantages over

t h o s e w h o r e l y o n l e t h a l o p t i o n s a l o n e ,because the degree of provocation required

to employ these opt ions i s subs tan t i a l ly

l e ss . Th i s a dv a n t a g e r e s u l t s i n a m o r e

proactive posture and quicker response as

well as a diminished likelihood of having a

s i tuat ion escalate to a point where deadly

force is required to resolve the conflict.

c. N L W o pt i o n s a r e l es s l i k el y t o

provoke others; however, the use of NLW

may, in fact, provoke a negative response.

d . D e m on s t r a t e d r es t r a i n t g r e a t l y

diminishes feel ings of anger and remorse

w h e n d e a d l y f o r c e i s r e q u i r e d a f t e r

nonlethal options fail .

e. N L W ca n f a c i li t a t e p o s t i n ci d en t

s t a b i l i z a t i o n b y r e d u c i n g p o p u l a c e

al ienat ion and col la teral damage.

7. Policy Per Office of the Secretary ofDefense Instructions on Employmentof NLW

a . B y D e pa r t m e n t of D e fe n se (D O D )

policy, all developmental weapon systemsm us t b e s ub m i t t e d f o r l e g a l r e v i e w a n d

must receive favorable findings before they

can be incorpora ted int o th e force . This

r e v i e w i n c l u d e s e x a m i n a t i o n f o r

cons is tency wi th a ppl icab le in terna t iona l

and domest ic l aws , inc luding the l aws o f

w a r , v a r i o u s a r m s c o n t r o l t r e a t i e s , a n d

protocols . U S forces ca n be a ssured tha t

any NLW they are given have passed this

c r i t i c a l t e s t . An y le g a l r e s t r i c t i o n s o n

employment will also be incorporated into

appl icable ROE.

b. Some capabili t ies, a lthough designed

to minimize fatali t ies and serious injuries,

m a y h a v e e f f e c t s t h a t c o u l d a c t u a l l y

discoura ge th eir use. Those ba sed on the

controlled use of pain, for example, could

prove dis tas teful to the troops employing

t h e m , pa r t i c u l a r l y w h e n t h e t a r g e t a r e a

i n c l u d e s c h i l d r e n , t h e e l d e r l y , t h e

handicapped, or others subject to special

p r o t e c t i o n w i t h i n t h e c o n t e x t o f o u r

cul tura l her i ta ge . This concept of socia l

acceptabili ty also extends to the domestic

an d internat iona l publ ic. J ust as the basic

decision to employ milit a ry force in defense

of na t iona l interests is usua l ly a ma tter of

i n t e n s e p u b l i c c o n c e r n , t h e m a n n e r i n

w h i c h t h a t f o r c e i s e x e r c i s e d i s a l s o

subjected to the sa me scrut iny. Speculat ion

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

14/92

I-4

as to the employment (or nonemployment)

of NLW creat es a geometr ically expan ding

ma trix of options. As with a ll wea pons the

US military uses, the effects of NLW must

be generally a ccepta ble to our society. In

some cases , the same considerat ions wi l l

e x t e n d t o t h e l a r g e r i n t e r n a t i o n a l

c om m u n i t y . F o r e x a m p l e , s o m e N L Wef fec ts could prove o f fens ive to cer ta in

allies for religious or cultural reasons.

c. N e it h e r t h e p r es e n ce n or t h e

potent ial effect of NLW shall constit ute a n

obligation for their employment or a higher

s t a n d a r d f o r e m p l o y m e n t o f f o r c e t h a n

provided for by a pplica ble law . In a ll ca ses,

th e US r eta ins the option for immediat e use

o f l e t h a l w e a p o n s , w h e n t h e o n - s c e n e

c o m m a n d e r d e e m s i t a p p r o p r i a t e ,consis tent wi th internat ional law.

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

15/92

II-1

Chapter II

1. PurposeThe purpose of NLW is to enh a nce t he

a bili t ies of milita ry comma nders t o conduct

m i s s i on s a c r os s t h e r a n g e o f m i li t a r y

operat ions . Over th e past severa l year s ,

m i l i t a r y o p e r a t i o n s h a v e g r a v i t a t e d

towa rds th e lower end of this spectrum a nd

have involved US forces in missions, such

as peacekeeping and peace enforcement ,

where the ROE are inherently restrictive.

NLW are designed to address the special

r e q u i r e m e n t s o f t h i s l o w - i n t e n s i t ye n v i r o n m e n t . Th e y p r o v id e t o o ls t h a t

e n a b l e t h e i n d i v i d u a l , t e a m , o r u n i t t o

a nt icipa te a nd/or respond t o provoca t ion

with more a ppropriat e mea ns tha n th rough

th e use of dea dly force. Essent ially , NLW

p r o v i d e U S f o r c e s w i t h a n e a r - t e r m

capab i l i ty fo r e f fec t ive ly contro l l ing the

n o n t r a d i t i o n a l b a t t l e f i e l d , w i t h i n t h e

constraints lev ied by ROE, by mit igat ing

c a s u a l t i e s a n d m i n i m i z i n g c o l l a t e r a l

da m a g e .

2. System Description

The serv ices a re procur ing versa t i le

packages of NLW comprised of commercial

off-the-shelf (COTS) and government off-

th e-shelf (G OTS) equipment a nd m unit ions.

Advanced developmental technologies are

a l s o b e i n g e x p l o r e d f o r f u t u r e p r o -

c u r e m e n t s . I n a d d i t i o n t o a d d r e s s i n g

c o n t i n g e n c y r e q u i r e m e n t s , t h e s e r v i c e s

N L W c a p a b i l i t y s e t s a d d r e s s t r a i n i n g

requirements by providing limited sustain-ment tra ining amm unit ion a nd a ppropria te

sustainment tra ining equipment .

T h e g e n e r i c N L W c a p a b i l i t y s e t s

components (Appendix A) can be divided

i n t o f o ur d i s t i n c t c a t e g o r i e s : pe r s o n n e l

pro tec tors ; personnel e f fec tors ; miss ion

enha ncers; a nd tra ining devices. P ersonnel

effectors are the NLW in the set.

P ersonnel Protectors . Personnel pro-t e c t o r s i n c l u d e i t e m s s u c h a s f a c e

shields and r iot sh ie lds t ha t pro tec t

t h e i n d i v i d u a l f r o m b l u n t t r a u m a

injur ies in f l i c ted by thrown ob jec ts ,

clubs, etc.

P e r s on n e l E f f ec t or s . P e r s on n e l

e f f e c t o r s i n c l ude i t e m s s uc h a s r i o t

b a t o n s , s t i n g b a l l g r e n a d e s , p e p p e r

spray s, a nd kinetic rounds, designed to,

at a minimum, discourage, or at most,

incapaci ta te indiv iduals or groups.

Miss ion E nhancers. Mission enha ncers

include items such as bullhorns , combat

optics, spotlights, and caltrops. These

i tems are designed to faci l i ta te target

i d e n t i f i c a t i o n a n d c r o w d c o n t r o l .

A dd i t i o n a l l y , t h e s e i t e m s pr o v i de a

l i m i t e d a b i l i t y t o a f f e c t v e h i c u l a r

movement .

Tra in ing D ev ices . Tra in ing dev ices

inc lude i tems such as t r a in ing sui t s ,

t r a i n i n g b a t o n s , a n d i n e r t p ep p er

sprays. They are designed to facil i tate

realistic hands-on scenario training in

preparat ion for operat ions .

a . System Relat ionships an d Inter/

In tr a opera bi l i ty . The generic NLW cap-

a b i l i t y s e t i s d e s i g n e d t o p r o v i d e a n

i n f a n t r y b a t t a l i o n - s i z e d e l e m e n t w i t h

l i m i t e d , t a c t i c a l l y d e p l oy a b l e N L W.

Fielding of th is ca pabili ty set enha nces th eo p e r a t i o n o f s y s t e m s a n d e q u i p m e n t

a l r e a d y f i e l d e d a n d p l a n n e d w i t h i n t h e

j oi n t co m m u n i t y . Th e g e n e r i c N L W

capabi l i ty set components are compatib le

w i t h m i l i t a r y e q u i pm e n t t h a t i s a l r e a dy

f i e l d e d o r p l a n n e d f o r f u t u r e u s e .

Capabi l i ty set munit ions are e i ther hand-

thrown or can be fired from 12-gauge (ga)

shotguns or 40 mil l imeter (mm) grenade

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

16/92

II-2

laun chers. Other i tems in the generic NLW

capability set comprise personal protective

gear and support equipment , such as gas

laun ch a da pters for th e 12-ga shotgun. In

a l l i n s t a n c e s , t h e c o m p o n e n t s o f t h e

c a pa b i l i t y s e t a r e t e c h n i c a l l y un s o ph i s -

t i c a t e d a n d s u p p o r t a b l e w i t h c u r r e n t

military logistic capabili t ies.

b. Eq uipment Repla ced. No equipmentis replaced by the generic NLW capability

set. The operat iona l int ent of th e ca pabili ty

set is to augment a ba tt a lion-sized unit w ith

t h e r e q u i r e d N L W m u n i t i o n s a n d

equipment to enhance its force projection

c a pa b i l i t y . Th e N L W c a pa b i l i t y s e t i s

a d d i t i o n a l e q u i pm e n t t h a t w i l l r e q u ir e

incorporation into l i f t and load planning.

c. Ca pa bility In crease. With th e excep-t ion o f l imi ted capab i l i ty w i th in mi l i t a ry

police units, the services do not possess an

orga nic NLW capa bility. When fielded, the

NLW capability set will provide US forces

with the appropriate weapons, munit ions ,

a n d e q u i p m e n t t o e m p l o y a r a n g e o f

nonletha l options. NLW capa bility sets will

a ugment existing letha l capa bilit ies. The

roles, missions, and quantities of existing

letha l weapons systems a re not replaced by

nonlethal capabi l i t ies .

3. Organization

Organizat ional s tructure is not ant ic i-

p a t e d t o c h a n g e a s a r e s u l t o f N L W

capabili ty sets being a dded to t he inventory.

a . S y s t e m L o ca t i o n /D i s t r i b u t i o n . Th e

g e n e r i c c a p a b i l i t y s e t i s i n t e n d e d t o

provide an interim NLW capabili ty to the

U S f o r c e s f o r t r a i n i n g a n d c o n t i n g e n c y

opera tions. The loca tions a nd dist ribut ion

procedures for NLW capabi l i ty sets have

b e e n p l a n n e d f o r U S M a r i n e C o r p s(U SMC ), U S Army (U SA), a nd U S Air F orce

(U SAF) procurements but not for US Na vy

(U SN) systems. The U SMC w ill distribute

1 4 N L W c a p a b i l i t y s e t s t o t h e g r o u n d

comba t elements (G CE ) of th e three Ma rine

e x pe d i t i o n a r y f o r c e s ( M E F s ) . T h e U S A

plans to field company NLW capability sets

to the active divisions and retain a l imited

num ber of sets a s contin gency stock. The

U SAF is modernizing set s for security force

uni ts .

b. N LW C a p a b i l it y S e t C o m p os i t i on .

The U SMC NLW capa bility set is comprised

of 33 component s (Appendix A). Thir t een

i tems can be class i f ied as ammunit ion or

i t e m s t h a t h a v e s p e c i a l s t o r a g er e q u i r e m e n t s a n d w i l l b e m a i n t a i n e d a t

a mmun ition stora ge facil i t ies. Five items

are classif ied as either serialized weapons,

S L - 3 c o m po n e n t s t o w e a po n s , o r i t e m s

inherently dangerous to others and will be

m a i n t a i n e d i n o r g a n i z a t i o n a l a r m o r i e s .(No t e : SL - 3 i s a U SMC t e rm t o desc r i b e

equ i pm en t t ha t i s sec ond a r y t o t he ma i n

equ i pm en t , suc h as cl ean i ng equ i p men t ,

t r i pods , et c . Th e equ i v a l en t t e rm used by

t h e U S A r m y i s b a s i c -i ssu e i t em s l i s t

[ B I I L ] ) . S i x t e e n i t e m s a r e e q u i p m e n t -r e l a t e d i t e m s a n d w i l l b e m a i n t a i n e d i n

uni t supply wa rehouses . In a l l insta nces ,

t h e s e i t e m s w i l l r e m a i n i n a p p r o p r i a t e

storage facil i t ies unless issued for training

o r c on t i n g e n c y o pe r a t i on s . Th e s a m e

procedures remain true for units deployed

aboard amphibious ready group shipping.

A m m u n i t i o n s t o r a g e w i l l b e d i v i d e d

b e t w e e n d e s i g n a t e d l a n d i n g f o r c e

operat iona l reserve ma terial (LFORM) a nd

t r a i n i n g a m m u n i t i o n s t o r a g e c o m p a r t -

ment s . Speci f ic uni t ta b le of equipment

(T/E ) t o be affect ed w ill be det erm ined by

MEF commanders .

c. P ersonnel Requiremen ts . To da te nochange or increase in milita ry occupa tional

specia lty (MOS) codes ha s been determ ined

in order to f ield, operate, and maintain the

NLW capa bility set. H owever, ME F specia l

opera t ions t r a in ing groups (SOTGs) wi l l

p o s s i b l y r e q u i r e u p t o t h r e e a d d i t i o n a l

i n d i v i dua l s e a c h t o c o n duc t a ppr o pr i a t et r a i n i n g f o r M a r i n e e x p e d i t i o n a r y u n i t

(MEU) special operat ions capable (SOC)

units rotating through the unit deployment

c y c l e . I f t h e s e a d d i t i o n s o c c u r , c o n -

s i d e r a t i o n s h o u l d b e g i v e n t o t h e

development of another secondary MOS to

a ccommoda te individua ls w ho specialize in

th e NLW a rea. Additionally because units

o ther than MEUs are an t ic ipa ted to t r a in

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

17/92

II-3

w i t h a n d p o t e n t i a l l y e m p l o y N LW,

individua ls w ithin other MEF organiza tions

ma y a l so be ident i f ied a s t r a iners . This

a ction ma y require an increase of man power

within other s tructures , or i t may lead to

the appoint ing of secondary NLW MOSs.

Secondary NLW MOS instructor trainer is

recommended in the program of instruction(POI) for the NLW instructor course found

in Appendix C of th is document . The US A

w i l l n o t c r e a t e a n y n e w M O S s b u t m a y

ass ign i t as an addi t iona l sk i l l ident i f ie r

(ASI ). The US AF will not creat e a ny new

Air Force specia lty codes (AFS Cs ) or special

identi f iers .

d. Mission Req uirement s/Ta ctical S tr uc-

ture.

(1) The mission requir ements a ndtactical structure pertinent to the employ-

ment of th e NLW capa bility set component s

w i l l v a r y d e p e n d i n g u p o n t h e t y p e o f

c o n t i n g e n c y a n d s ub s e q ue n t t a s k o r g a n -

i z a t i o n o f t h e e m p l o y i n g u n i t . M i s s i o n

requirements , der ived f rom commander s

guidance, should be sat is f ied through the

a p p r o p r i a t e c o m b i n a t i o n o f l e t h a l a n d

nonlethal capabi l i t ies .

(2) NLW provide U S forces wit h a

means of shaping their area of operat ion

beyond t r ad i t iona l verba l threa t s , shows

of force, or risky riot control formations,

a n d s h o r t o f e m p l o y i n g d e a d l y f o r c e .However , i t i s impera t ive tha t US forces

retain the means and are ready to employ

l e t h a l f o r c e i n t h e e v e n t t h a t n o n l e t h a l

force fa ils to a chieve desired out comes. For

example, NLW employment may provoke a

l e t h a l r e s p o n s e f r o m t h e a d v e r s a r y .

W i t h o u t t h e i m m i n e n t t h r e a t o f l e t h a l

force, nonlethal munitions will prove to be

l e s s e f f e c t i v e a n d p o s s i b l y e v e n

c ou n t e r p r o d u c t i v e . M o r e i m p o r t a n t l y,

denying US forces a letha l ca pabili ty would

p l a c e t h e m a t u n a c ce pt a b l e r i s k . I fnonle tha l fo rce i s employed wi thout the

threat of lethal force, then the belligerent

ma y opt to exploit a perceived vulnera bility.

The use of NLW then becomes counter-

p r o d u c t i v e , b e c a u s e i t s e r v e s o n l y t o

a g g r a v a t e t h e t h r e a t a n d c a u s e s t h e

si tuat ion to deter iorate .

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

18/92

III-1

Chapter III

1. Applicability Across the Range ofMilitary Operations

The range o f mi l i t a ry opera t ions has

var ious leve ls o f combat in tens i ty , and

NLW provide one more option to deal with

th e va ry ing in t ens i ty . MOOTW ma y be

f o u n d a c r o s s t h e r a n g e o f m i l i t a r y

o pe r a t i o n s a n d o f t e n i n c l ude s i t ua t i o n s

where noncombat an ts a re mingled wi th t he

adversaries or involved in acts of violence,

s u c h a s r i o t i n g o r l oo t i n g . I n s u chcircumstances, NLW provide commanders

the f lex ib i l i ty to in f luence the s i tua t ion

f a v o r a b l y w i t h r e d u c e d r i s k o f

n o n c o m b a t a n t f a t a l i t i e s a n d c o l l a t e r a l

da ma ge . NLW a lso provide a mean s by

wh ich to ascerta in the intent of individua ls/

bel l igerents .

a . Th e n ee d t o r e d u ce t h e r is k s of

serious injury to personnel is not l imited

t o c r o w d c o n t r o l s c e n a r i o s . I n m i l i t a r yoperations on urbanized terrain (MOUT),

some o f the loca l c iv i l i an populace may

r e m a i n i n a n u r b a n a r e a i n t h e m i ds t o f

ba t t le . The t r a d i t iona l so lu t ion to such

challenges has been the implementation of

r e s t r i c t i v e R O E . N on l e t h a l c a pa b i l i t i es

may provide commanders the f lexibili ty to

adapt a f lu id approach to MOUT, which

a l lows the i r subordina tes the f reedom o f

a c t i o n t o e m p l o y a p p r o p r i a t e l e v e l s o f

measur ed milita ry force to a ccomplish th eir

mission.

b. An ot h e r e xa m p l e of N LW

a p p l i c a t i o n s i n M O O T W i s i n p e a c e

enforcement . In th ese opera tions, NLW a re

u s e d i n a n a r e a d e n i a l r o l e t o s e p a r a t e

b e l l i g e r e n t s w i t h o u t r e s o r t i n g t o de a d l y

f o r c e. Th e y a r e a l s o u s e d t o s u p p o r t

h u m a n i t a r i a n r e l i e f o r g a n i z a t i o n s i n

pro tec t ing food and medica l d i s t r ibut ion

si tes .

c. C u r r e n t N LW p r ov id e a l im i t ed

capabili ty to address the range of military

operat ions . U l t ima tely , NLW wil l evolve

t o e n c o m p a s s o t h e r , m o r e a d v a n c e d

t e c h n o l o g i e s t h a t w i l l i m p r o v e t h e i r

operational effectiveness and expand their

a pplica tions. For exam ple, directed energy

a nd a coustic NLW tha t a re current ly under

de v e l o pm e n t m a y p r o v i de t h e m e a n s t oachieve this ultimate capabili ty .

2. Core Capabilities

Core capabili t ies a re those funda menta l

c o m pe t e n c i e s t h a t e n a b l e us t o a c h i e v e

desired opera tional outcomes. In th e case

of NLW, th is equa tes t o providing a flexible

m e a n s o f r e s p o n s e i n o r d e r t o p r o t e c t

friendly forces a nd/or influence th e a ctions

o f p o t e n t i a l a d v e r s a r i e s a n d n o n -comba ta nt s. These goals can be a chieved

without resor t ing to le thal force and in a

m a n n e r t h a t w i l l m i n i m i z e c o l l a t e r a l

da ma ge. The core capa bili t ies a ssocia ted

with nonlethal e f fects fa l l into two major

c a t e g o r i e s : c o u n t e r p e r s o n n e l a n d

countermater ie l .

a . C oun t e r pe r son n e l C a pa b il it i es .

(1) N o n l et h a l c ou n t e r p e r s on n e l

c a p a b i l i t i e s e n a b l e t h e a p p l i c a t i o n o fmilitar y force with reduced risk of fa ta li t ies

or serious casua lties a mong noncombat a nts

or even, in some instances, among enemy

forces. There ar e severa l specific nonletha l

c o u n t e r p e r s o n n e l c a p a b i l i t i e s t o b e

explored. These include th e mea ns t o

inf luence the behavior and act iv i t ies of a

po ten t ia l l y h o s t i l e c r o w d , a s w e l l a s t h e

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

19/92

III-2

capabili ty to bring a mob engaged in a riot

u n d e r co n t r o l . Wh i l e t h e r e a r e m a n y

s imi lar i t ies in these two scenar ios , each

i n v o l v e s un i q ue c h a l l e n g e s , w h i c h m a y

require radically dif ferent solutions.

(2) U S forces require the capa bili ty

t o i n ca p a c i t a t e p er s o n n el . F o r t h epurposes of this document, inca pacita tion

is achieved when weapons effects result in

phys ica l inab i l i ty ( rea l o r perce ived) or

mental disinclination to act in a hostile or

threa tening ma nner . In keeping wi th the

g u i d i n g p r i n c i p l e s f o r N L W , t h i s

incapacitation should be readily reversible,

p r e f er a b l y , s e l f -r e v e r s i n g t h r o u g h t h e

pa ssa ge of tim e. While th e focus, at least

initially , will be on capabili t ies that affect

groups of people, NLW will also provide

c a p a b i l i t i e s t o i n c a p a c i t a t e i n d i v i d u a l swithout affecting those nearby.

(3) U S f or c es r e q u i r e a n o n le t h a l

capabi l i ty to deny personnel access to an

a rea. This ca pabili ty ca n include the use of

physical barr iers or systems that produce

physica l or ment a l discomfort t o those who

e n t e r t h e d e n i e d a r e a . N o n e xp l os i v e

nonlethal area denial technologies would

l i k e l y b e e x e m p t f r o m t h e r e s t r i c t i o n s

a pplied to convent iona l la nd mines. Thus,t h e y c a n p r o v i d e n e w p o s s i b i l i t i e s f o r

b a r r i e r p l a n n i n g i n a n y t y pe o f m i l i t a r y

operat ion.


capa b i l ity t o se ize personnel . This may

include some combination of technologies

i n h e r e n t i n o t h e r c o r e c a p a b i l i t i e s .

I n c a p a c i t a t i o n m e t h o d s o r t h e u s e o f

enta ngling devices, such a s t hose designed

f o r a r e a d e n i a l , m a y a i d i n s e i z i n g

personnel. This capa bili ty is int ended toa u g m e n t l e t h a l m e a n s u s e d t o c a p t u r e

s p e c i f i e d i n d i v i d u a l s , s u c h a s e n e m y

combatants or persons who are inci t ing a

mob or crowd to violence.


capabili ty to clear facil i t ies and structures

o f p e r s o n n e l . Th i s a p p l i ca t i o n w i l l

faci l i ta te MOUT by reducing the r isks of

n o n c o m b a t a n t c a s u a l t i e s a n d c o l l a t e r a l

damage while s imultaneously minimiz ing

t h e a d v a n t a g e s t o a n e n e m y w h o i s

defending in a built-up area.

b. C oun t e r m a t e r ie l C a pa b il it i es .

(1) N o n l et h a l c ou n t e r m a t e r i e l

capabi l i t ies would enhance operat ions by

r e n d e r i n g e q u i p m e n t a n d f a c i l i t i e s

unusa ble w ithout complete destruction. A

nonle tha l countermater ie l capab i l i ty w i l l

enable the employment of military force to

defuse potentially volati le situa tions under

circumstances in where more destruct ive

conventional mil i tary means might prove

c ou n t e r p r o d u c t i v e . F o r e x a m p l e , p r e -

e m p t i v e s t r i k e s a g a i n s t t r o u b l e s o m e ,

a g g r e s s i v e n a t i o n s m a y b e p o l i t i c a l l yu n a c c e p t a b l e w h e n o n l y c o n v e n t i o n a l

weapons, wi th their a t tendant high r isk of

personnel casua l t ies , a re involved. With

n o n l e t h a l c o u n t e r m a t e r i e l c a p a b i l i t i e s ,

however, an enemys abili ty to threaten its

neighbors could be curtailed with far less

political r isk by attacking only weapons of

war and their support ing infrastructure .

(2) Th e j oi n t N L W a ppr o a c h w i l l

f o c us o n t h r e e s pe c i f i c c o un t e r m a t e r i e lcapa bili t ies. U S Forces require a nonletha l

capa bili ty t o deny vehicles to a ir , land, a nd

s e a a r e a s . Th i s r e q u i r e m en t a pp li es t o

w h e e l e d , t r a c k e d , a n d s u r f a c e e f f e c t s

vehicles, as well as aircraft on the ground.

P hysical barr iers or systems th at ar t i ficia l ly

reduce the traff icabili ty of terrain may be

included in this requirement.

(3) U S forces require the abi l i ty to

disable ships and other mari t ime vessels

or deny their entry into targeted areas . U Sforces a lso require an enhanced abi l i ty to

d i s a r m p e r s o n n e l o r d i s a b l e m a r i t i m e

vessels to facil i tate boarding.

(4) U S f or c es r e q u i r e a n o n l e t h a l

c a p a b i l i t y t o d i s a b l e o r n e u t r a l i z e

equipment a nd faci li t ies . This capa bi l ity

encompa sses a w ide ran ge of subca tegories

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

20/92

III-3

l imited only by the variety of the types of

equipment to be ta rgeted. Some examples

a r e s y s t e m s t h a t a l t e r c o m b u s t i o n

p r o p e r t i e s o f f u e l s o r t h e v i s c o s i t y o f

l u br i ca n t s a n d s y s t e m s t h a t ca u s e t h e

embr i t t lement or decay of ma ter ie ls . In

a d d i t i o n , s u b s t a n c e s t h a t a t t a c k r u b b e r

tires, gaskets, or hoses and those that actas a dhesives or fusing meta l par ts a re a lso

requi red .

3. Limitations

The limitations of NLW are conceptual,

p h y s i ca l , a n d t a c t i ca l . Th e c on c ep t u a l

l imitat ion is that pol i t ical leadership and

media personnel may misunders tand the

a ppropriat e a pplica tions of NLW a cross t he

ra nge of milita ry opera tions. The incorrect

perception that NLW wil l a l low wars and

M O O T W t o b e p r o s e c u t e d w i t h o u t

c a s u a l t i e s m a y l e a d t o c o n f l i c t i n g

expecta tions betw een political a nd milita ry

lead ers. These conflicts could result in U S

forces be ing vulnerab le to misplaced or

inconsist ent ROE. All leaders , political an d

milita ry, involved in planning a nd executing

m i l i t a r y m i s s i o n s m us t un de r s t a n d t h a t

t h e r e i s n o s u c h t h i n g a s n o n l e t h a l

operat ions .

T h e p h y s i c a l l i m i t a t i o n s o f c u r r e n t

NLW are their short range, br ief e f fects ,

a nd t he relat ive ea se by w hich experienced

c o m b a t a n t s o r b e l l i g e r e n t s c a n c o un t e r

th eir effects. The current NLW capa bility

set can also be lethal if improperly applied.

T a c t i c a l l i m i t a t i o n s i n c l ude t h e l o s s o f

moment um or tempo th a t ma y occur during

t h e t r a n s i t i o n f r o m n o n l e t h a l t o l e t h a l

force. These ty pes of limit a tions must be

o v e r c o m e b y c o n t i n u a l t r a i n i n g a n do pe r a t i o n a l e x pe r i e n c e , w h i c h w i l l a l s o

instill confidence in using NLW systems.

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

21/92

IV-1

Chapter IV

TRAINING WITH THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY SET

1. Fundamental Concepts and Training

RequirementsThe successful accomplishment of any

operation in which nonlethal measures are

employed requires extensive preparat ion,

of which individual, unit , medical support

p e r s o n n e l , a n d t e a m t r a i n i n g a r e v i t a l

pa rt s. Tra ining should be designed to give

individuals an understanding of the entire

subject area and enable them to funct ion

efficiently, individually, and as members of

a unit . This tra ining must be intensive a nd

rea listic. Tra ining wit h the NLW capa bilityse t i s c r i t i ca l i f these weapons are to be

employed w i th conf idence. The tr a ining

f l o w s h o u l d b e t r a i n i n s t r uc t o r s t r a i n

sta f ftra in uni texercise.

I n i t i a l u n i t t r a i n i n g s h o u l d n o t b e

c on duc t e d w i t h o u t q ua l i fi ed i n s t r uc t o r s .

All nontype classified and COTS nonlethal

muni t ions cannot be f i red wi thout Army

Mater ie l Command (AMC) , Crane Nava l

Weapons, or Air Force Munit ions Center

a p p r ov i n g t h e t r a i n i n g co u r s e. U n i tsustainment training should be conducted

at a minimum annua l ly.

2. Training of Instructors

V e r b a l c o m m un i c a t i o n s k i l l s , o pe n -h a n d c o n t r o l t e c h n i q u e s , r i o t c o n t r o l

a gents, effects of impa ct w eapons, an d civil

d i s t u r b a n c e t a c t i c s , t e c h n i q u e s , a n d

p r o c e d u r e s ( T T P ) a r e a r e a s t r a i n e d t o

sta nda rd a t t he Milita ry P olice School, Fort

McClel l an , Alaba ma . The Ma r ine Corpsa n d t h e A r m y d e v e l o p e d a P r o g r a m o f

Inst ruction (P OI) for a Nonleth a l Individual

Wea pons In st ru ctor Cour se (NI WIC ). This

is the only formal DOD nonlethal training

course. The tr a ining requirement s outlined

i n t h e N I W I C r e p r e s e n t t h e m i n i m u m

t r a i n i n g s t a n da r ds t o b e c o n s i de r e d f o r

i n c l u s i o n i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f N L W

i n s t r uc t o r s . Add i t i o n a l l y, t h e U S Ar m y

M i l i t a r y P o l i c e S c h o o l i s d e v e l o p i n g a

tra ining support package t ha t includes TTP

for small units, company level and below,

in t he u se of NLW in r iot/mob contr ol.

a . The NIWIC is offered a s a 14-da y

resident course at Fort McClellan and as a

nonresident course instructed by a mobile

tr a ining t ea m (MTT). The NIWIC is a t ra in

the tra iner program designed to providecommanders nonlethal instructors wi thin

th eir comma nd. The command er can then

t a i l o r t h e n o n l e t h a l i n s t r u c t i o n t o f i t

mission needs. The esta blishment of th e

service-level NIWIC serves as an assurance

m e a s u r e g i v i n g t h e c o m m a n d e r a

quantif iable method of certifying nonlethal

inst ructors. U pon completing th e course,

g r a dua t e s a r e q ua l i f i e d i n s t r uc t o r s w i t h

c e r t i f i c a t i o n s i n c o m m u n i c a t i o n s k i l l s ,

o l e o r e s i n c a ps i c um ( O C ) s pr a y , i m pa c t

weapons , and in terna t iona l ly recognized

open-ha nd cont ro l techn iques . The U S

A r m y w i l l a w a r d a n a d d i t i o n a l s k i l l

identi f ier upon successful complet ion of

this course.

b. NI WIC P rogram of Ins tru ction.A p p e n d i x C i s a n e x t r a c t f r o m a

c o m p r e h e n s i v e P O I d e v e l o p e d f r o m

l e s s o n s l e a r n e d d u r i n g r e c e n t d e p l o y -

ments. Ea ch a nnex wit hin Appendix C has

a lesson plan complete with handouts andtra ining a ids. The intent of this P OI is to

produce competent ins t ruc tors , who wi l l

re turn to the i r uni t w i th a l l the t r a in ing

ma ter ia ls and tra ining aids needed to meet

different NLW training requirements.

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

22/92

IV-2

3. Nonlethal Training Topics forDeploying Units

T h e f o l l o w i n g 1 1 t o p i c s h a v e b e e n

ident i f ied as essent i a l t r a in ing for uni t s

deploying wi th nonlethal capabi l i t ies and

are part of the NIWIC curriculum:

a. Force Continuum. The subcourse is

a n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e f e d e r a l f o r c e

cont inuum model as out l ined by Mar ine

Corps Ord er (MC O) 5500.6F, Arm ing of Law

En forcement and Secur it y Per sonn el and th e

U se o f Dead l y For ce (o r o t h e r s er v i c e

orders). Levels of resista nce, identifying

t h e p r o p e r l e v e l s o f f o r c e , a n d h o w

n o n l e t h a l t e c h n o l o g i e s a f f e c t f o r c e

cont inuum are the minimum topics tha t

should be covered.

b. C r o w d D y n a m i cs /C r o w d C o n t r o l.

T h e s u b c o u r s e , a n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o t h e

d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n c r o w ds , m o b s , a n d

r i o t s , t e a c h e s t h e s t u d e n t b a s i c c r o w d

c o n t r o l t e c h n i q u e s t h a t w i l l b e e a s i l y

a pplied to var ious situa tions. The student

s h o u l d b e f a m i l i a r i z e d w i t h t a c t i c s a n d

techniques (a s found in Field Man ua l [FM]

1 9 - 1 5 , F l e e t M a r i n e F o r c e M a n u a l

[F M F M ]1 -3 , F M F M 6 , a n d Tr a i n i n g

Circular [TC] 90-1) but will also consider

nontradi t ional and smal l uni t appl icat ion.

c. C o m m u n i ca t i o n S k i l ls . Th e s u b-course is an introduct ion to the s tages of

conf l i c t management , verba l aggress ion ,

n o n v e r b a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n , p h y s i c a l

aggression, physiological diversions , and

proper mental conditioning. The first NLW

skill an individual must have is the abili ty

to communicat e. G eneral A. M. G ra y, former

Commanda nt of the Ma rine Corps, said, A

war r io r s most f orm id ab le weapon is h i s

m ind. The results of an individua ls menta l

processes are evident through actions and

words, and the words and communicat ion

skills in dealing with people are truly the

first line of nonlethal options.

d. Oleoresin Ca psicum Aerosol Tra in-ing. The subcourse is a n int roduction to th e

uses o f OC/pepper spra y a nd o ther r io t

cont rol a gents . The s tud ent should ha ve

a n a p p r e c i a t i o n f o r d e c o n t a m i n a t i o n

requirements, stora ge, and shelf l ife of OC.

Legal and tact ical considerat ions wi l l a lso

b e t a u g h t . Al l O C t r a i n i n g s h o u ld be

certif ied by existing tra ining progra ms th a t

include live agent training.

e. Open-Ha nd Control. The subcoursei s a n i n t r o d u c t i o n t o p r e s s u r e - p o i n t

control techniques, unarmed sel f-defense

m e a s ur e s , w e a pon r e t e n t i on t e c h n i q ues ,

a n d o t h e r s u b m i s s i o n /r e s t r a i n t /s e a r c h

techniq ues. H a ndcuffing/flexcuffing should

be covered for contact team members.

f . Impact Weapons. In this subcourse,

s tudents a re t aught how to use the r ig id

straight baton, collapsible straight batons,

side handle batons, or riot control batons.

g . I n t r o d u ct i on t o M i li t a r y Wor k i n g

Dogs. The subcourse is a n introduct ion to

the role of mil i tary working dogs and the

p o t e n t i a l s u p p o r t a v a i l a b l e t o f o r c e s

r e q u i r i n g n o n l e t h a l f o r c e o p t i o n s ( F M

19-10, AFM 31-202).

h . R O E , L a w o f Wa r , C on s t i t u t i on a l

Seizure. The subcourse is a n introduct ion

t o t h e R O E , l a w o f w a r , c o n s t i t u t i o n a l

s e i z ur e , a n d t h e i r r e l a t i o n s h i ps ( D O D D5100.77, F M 27-10, N WP 1-14M/MC WP

5 -2 . 1/C O M D TP U B P 5 80 0. 7 , a n d D A

Pamphlet 27-1).

i . N on l et h a l Mu n it i on s a n d E m p loy -

ment . The subcourse is a n introduction to

t h e c a p a b i l i t i e s a n d e m p l o y m e n t o f

a vaila ble nonletha l wea pons. When firing

nonle tha l muni t ions , t r ans i t ion to le tha l

munit ions for famil iar izat ion wi l l fo l low.

Students participate in l ive-fire exercises

a s out lined in Ta bles IV-1 thr ough I V-7.

j. B a rriers/P hysical Security Mea sures.

The subcourse is an int roduction to barr iers

and physical security measures available to

tac t i ca l fo rces . These measures comple-

ment t he use of nonleth a l force or mitigat e

t h e n e e d f o r d e a d l y f o r c e . A n u n d e r -

standing of proper emplacement of caltrop

and foam are recommended.

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

23/92

IV-3

Table IV-2. 40mm Wood Baton Round

FAMILIARIZATION TABLE

ROUNDS # TARGET GO/NO GO

2 E-Silhouette

20m

2 E-Silhouette

15m

1 E-Silhouette

10m

5 5.56mm

Transition @ 10m

Table IV-3. 40mm Stinger Round (60 Caliber)

Table IV-4. 12-ga Bean Bag Round



2 E-Silhouette20m

2 E-Silhouette

15m

1 E-Silhouette

10m

5

5.56mm

Transition @ 10m



2 E-Silhouette

20m

2 E-Silhouette

15m

1 E-Silhouette

10m

5

12-ga 00 Buck/7 Shot

Transition @ 10m



2 E-Silhouette

20m

2 E-Silhouette

15m

1 E-Silhouette10m

5 5.56mm

Transition @ 10m

Table IV-1. 40mm Foam Baton Round

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

24/92

IV-4

Table IV-6. 12-ga Rubber Pellet Round

Table IV-7. Stinger Grenade



2 E-Silhouette

20m

2 E-Silhouette

15m1 E-Silhouette

10m

5

12-ga 7 shot/00 Buck

Transition @ 10m

k. Ta ctics. The subcourse is a n intr o-

duction t o ta ctics a s outlined in C ha pter V,

para gra ph 5. MOUT a nd ta ct ics tra ining

r e q u i r e s c l o s e l e a d e r i n v o l v e m e n t . U S

Army Tra ining a nd D octr ine Comman d is

developing training support packages that

will include company level and below TTP.

See Appendix D for sample 9-day uni t-training schedule covering these 11 topics.

5. Unit Training

a . The NIWIC is pr imari ly designed to

p r o d u c e i n s t r u c t o r s w h o w i l l t r a i n

individuals in the use and employment of

NLW. Collective unit ta ctical tra ining is th e

unit s responsibility; h owever, a 9-da y N LW

example schedule based on NIWIC tra ining

is provided in Appendix D. Units should

c o n d u c t c o l l e c t i v e t r a i n i n g b e f o r e

d e p l oy i n g w i t h N L W. U n i t s t a n d i n g

opera t ing procedures (SOPs) and tac t i csm a y n e e d a d j u s t i n g t o a l l o w f o r t h e

employment of this new equipment . All unit

collective training should include nonlethal

options and decision making.

b. S i m u l a t i on Tr a i n i n g . Th e g oa l of

simulation training should be to reinforce

current t ra ining courses. The Ma rine Corps

Comman da nt s Wa rf ight ing Laborat ory a t



2

Hand Thrown

E-Silhouette 20/40m

1Shotgun Launched

E-Silhouette

40m

5

12-ga 7 Shot/00 Buck

Transition @ 40m

Table IV-5. 12-ga Wood Baton Round



2 E-Silhouette

20m

2 E-Silhouette

15m

1 E-Silhouette10m

5

12-ga 7 shot/00 Buck

Transition @ 10m

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

25/92

IV-5

Quan tico, Virginia, ha s a computer tr a ining

simulat ion system designed to tra in smal l

unit leaders in the application of nonlethal

c a pa b i l i t i e s . G i v e n a s i t ua t i o n , m i s s i o n

sta tement , and ROE, t he s tudent wi l l equip

and place fire teams to conduct checkpoint

opera tions a nd rea ct to stimu lus/events in

a th ree-dimensiona l (3-D) representa tion ofa MOUT site. Curr ently, th ere is a similar

s imulat ion system at the Human Systems

Cent er a t B rooks Air Force Ba se , Texas ,

th a t can be used for ta ctics development of

dir ected ener gy N LW. Also, th e Air F orces

F o r ce P r ot e ct i on B a t t l e L a b o r a t o r y a t

L a c k la n d A ir F o r ce B a s e , Te x a s , i s

establishing a similar computer simulation

facil ity . Fina lly, the DOD is conducting a n

ongoing effort to develop other computer

simulat ion systems.

6. Leader Training

C o m m a n de r s , un i t l e a de r s , a n d s t a f f

members also require NLW training before

deploying . FM 19-15 covers a ll a spects of

c i v i l d i s t u r b a n c e a n d i s r e l e v a n t i n

providing guidan ce for t he comma nder a nd

s ta f f .

a . An u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e t o pi cs

covered in the NIWIC i s recommended.

However they should also possess an in-

depth understa nding of the ROE tha t must

be implemented a nd enforced as w ell as th e

politics, culture, and demographics of the

a rea to wh ich they a re deploying. B eca use

o f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l a t t e n t i o n t h a t N L W

r e c e i v e , j u n i o r t r o o p s a s w e l l a s

c o m m a n de r s s h o u l d a l s o r e c e i v e m e d i a

tra ining. From th e beginning, comma nders

should involve their public affairs off icers

i n N L W m i s s i o n p l a n n i n g . S u p p l y a n d

logistic staff members also require tra iningin NLW maintenance and env i ronmenta l

i s s u e s u n i q u e t o t h e e q u i p m e n t b e i n g

deployed.

b. C h a p t er V ou t l in e s s ev en t a s k s

w h e r e N L W a r e w e l l s u i t e d . D u r i n g

exercises both units a nd sta ffs should focus

on s ix of the seven tasks : crowd control ,

i n c a pa c i t a t i n g pe r s o n n e l , a r e a de n i a l t o

b o t h p e r s o n n e l a n d v e h i c l e s , s e i z e

personnel, and clear facilities of personnel.

Disa ble/neut ra lize vehicles/a ircra ft a re not

eas ily tr a ined ta sks durin g exercises. This

l i s t i s n o t a l l - i n c l u s i v e a n d s h o u l d b emodified based on mission, enemy, terrain

and weather, troops and support available,

time available (METT-T).

c. Wh e n e ve r N L W a r e e m p lo y ed

d u r i n g t r a i n i n g , l e t h a l c a p a b i l i t y m u s t

a lwa ys be in pla ce. Troops must alw a ys be

prepa red to protect th emselves a s required

w i t h a l e t h a l r e s p o n s e b e c a u s e i t i s

i m p o s s i b l e t o a c c u r a t e l y p r e d i c t t h e

response of an individual or mob.

d . Leaders , medica l personnel , pub lic

a ffairs representa tives, and personnel from

th e Sta ff J udge Advoca te (SJ A) office should

be involved in exercises when possible. This

wi l l g ive the medica l personnel a be t te r

understanding of OC deconta minat ion a nd

the possible injuries they ma y encount er a s

a r esult of NLW employment . The public

a f f a i r s a n d S J A s pec ia l i s t s a l s o n e e d t o

u n d e r s t a n d h o w t h e s e n e w t o o l s a r e

e m pl o y e d i n o r de r t o b e t t e r a dv i s e t h ecommander on media matters and ROE.

7. Summary

In summary, here are some real-world

lessons captured from recent conflicts that

should never be over looked or assumed

during tra ining:

a . N ever apply a NLW in a s i tua t ion

where deadly force is appropriate.

b. Never a pply NLW in a situa tion tha t

will place troops in undue danger.

c. Always cover a NLW weapon with

deadly force.

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

26/92

V-1

Chapter V

EMPLOYMENT OF THE NONLETHAL WEAPONS CAPABILITY

1. Background

Fundamental to employing NLW is a

t h o r o u g h u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e f o r c e

cont inuum . As s ta ted be fore , nonle tha l

c a p a b i l i t i e s p r o v i d e a w i d e r r a n g e o f

options that augment tradi t ional means of

d e a d l y f o r c e b u t d o n o t r e p l a c e t h e m .

Nonletha l a l ternat ives a l low a comma nder

t o i n c r e a s e a n d de c r e a s e t h e a m o un t o f

force applied to a ccomplish a mission. The

force cont inuum is genera lly continu ous an d

seamless, yet a careful exam inat ion revealsfive broad categories l isted below:

a . Th rea t s . T h e f o r c e c o n t i n u u m

begins wi th threats . These can be ei ther

implied or expressed. An implied th rea t

may be mani fes ted through presence by

f o rm i n g int o riot control forma tions, fixing

b a y o n e t s , o r d o n n i n g g a s m a s k s . An

expressed threa t occurs when a comma nder

ma kes know n t he consequ ences of defian ce.

b. Deni al Opt ions. Denial opt ions areusually placed in highly visible areas and

ar e of ten marked with placa rds . Exa mples

may include concert ina , cal trops, barbed

w i r e , f o a m s e n h a n c e d w i t h O C ( pe ppe r

spray), or other obstacles.

c. M un i t i on s t h a t Cau se Ph y si c a l

D i scomfor t / I ncapaci t a te. M un i t i o n s t h a t

cause physical discomfort but fall short of

inf l ic t ing trauma include f lashbangs,t e a r

ga s, a nd OC. Although the discomfort ori n j u r y m a y b e s u b s t a n t i a l l y l e s s t h a n

concertina,th e employment of these options

requi re a dec is ion to in tervene . Fac tors

s uc h a s t r a i n i n g , d i s c i p l i n e , p r e j ud i c e s ,

emotions and judgment a l l play a par t in

their appl icat ion and require their use to

be viewed closely and judiciously.

d . M u n i t i on s t h a t I n f l i ct T r a um a .

Muni t ions tha t in f l i c t t r auma wi l l in f l i c tpainful injur ies t ha t ma y las t f rom severa l

hours to severa l da ys . These muni t ions

c o n s t i t u t e t h e u p p e r e n d o f n o n l e t h a l

o p t i o n s w i t h i n t h e f o r c e c o n t i n u u m .

Examples might include batons, stingballs,

beanbag, foam and pellet rounds.

e. L eth al Weapons. L e t h a l w e a po n s

a re the highest on the spectru m. Although

the par t icular condi t ions t ha t merit deadly

f o r c e s h o u l d b e d e s c r i b e d i n t h e R O E ,lethal opt ions should always be regarded

a s pa r t o f th e fo rce spec t r um and no t as

a separa te option a ltogether. This a voids

ambiguity and confusion as to when lethal

weapons are authorized.

N o n l e t h a l m e t h o d s a n d c a p a b i l i t i e s

may include the use of common materials

a n d e x i s t i n g s y s t e m s t h a t w e r e n o t

designed a s NLW, but t hey can a chieve th e

d e s i r e d r e s u l t o f m i n i m i z i n g f a t a l i t i e s ,

p e r m a n e n t i n j u r y t o p e r s o n n e l , a n du n d e s i r e d d a m a g e t o p r o p e r t y a n d t h e

environment . However, th is chapt er wi l l

l imit i tself prima rily to the use of wea pons

and components expl ic i t l y des igned and

p r i m a r i l y e m p l o y e d u n d e r t h e N L W

capa bi l ity . This focus is not intend ed to

l i m i t t h e c o m m a n d e r s o p t i o n t o u s e

w h a t e v e r i s a v a i l a b l e t o a c c o m pl i s h t h e

mission wi thout le thal i ty .

2. Mission Planning Factors

The fundamental principles of mission

p l a n n i n g a r e n o t c h a n g e d b y t h e

incorpora tion of NLWs into a pla n. NLW

a r e i n t e n d e d a s a n o p e r a t i o n a l

e n h a n c e m e n t . Th e fi r s t c on c e r n o f a

commander is the successful completion of

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

27/92

V-2

t h e m i ss i on . R O E a r e cr i t i ca l i n t h e

c o m m a n de r s p l a n n i n g t o de t e r m i n e t h e

appropr ia te use o f nonle tha l and deadly

force . The avai lab i l i ty of NLW does not

r e l i e v e t h e f o r c e f r o m i t s o b l i g a t i o n t o

defend itself; therefore, it must be equ ipped

and trained wi th both le thal and nonlethal

means .

3. NLW Tasks

The NLW tasks were derived from the

commander in chief's and service's mission

needs sta tements. These ta sks a re

Control crowds.

Incapaci ta te personnel .

Table V-1. Crowd Control

Deny an area to personnel.

Deny an area to vehicles.

D isa ble/neut ra lize vehicles a ircraft , vessels, a nd fa cilities.

Seize personnel.

Clear facilities of personnel.

These ta sks a re furth er a ddressed in Ta bles

V -1 t h r o u g h V -7 . Th e t a b l e s a r e n o t

intended to be al l- inclusive but merely a

s t i m u l us t o p l a n n i n g . Th e e q u i pm e n t

listed is taken from the currently available

systems designed for nonlethal purposes .

The user should not limit nonlethal options

to this speci f ic equipment and should be

a w a re of the existing and emerging systems

to achieve the desired mission end state.

TASKSNLW PLANNING

FACTORS EQUIPMENTEMPLOYMENT

CONSIDERATIONS NOTES

Crowdcontrol

Admin /P erson nel

SJ A/cla ims

planning

Chapla in a f fa i rs

Casual tynotification

Detaineedisposition pla n

P AO/med ia

planning Information

dissemination

Support Equipment

a . Riot face shield

b. Full length riot

shield

c. Expandable riotbaton

d. Riflemanscombat optic

e. Portable bull

horn

Distr ibuted to troopsin advan ce

Riot bat on should beemployed only a fter

proper training

Optic employed w ithDM to ID m ob leaders

B ull horn used for

communicat ing w ith

crow d an d to contr olformations

ROE n eedsto be

strictly

defined

NLW

options

require

lethal cover

fire

Crowdcontrol

Intelligence

IP B

Background on

country a nd

culture

Rout e/ma p r econ

Sensor

emplacement for

advance

notification

Information on

mob leaders

Pa tro ls andLP /OP s

Determine reasonfor the crow d

Kinetics

a . 12 ga bean baground

b. 12 ga rubber

bullet

c. 12 ga la unching

cartr idge

d. 40mm rubber

baton

e. 40mm w oodenbaton

f. 40mm stingergrenade

g. Stun g renade

h.Flash bang

Do not employ kineticsat less tha n 20 f t due

to possible fa ta l

outcome

Target area at 20-40 ftshould be cent er ma ss

Head shots a re not

acceptable

Kinetic rounds w ill notbe skipped fired

Kinetics effective

against selected

ta rgets and t o disperse

individuals

M203 and shotgun areNL complement a ry;

M203 has low ra te of

f ire, area ta rget ;

shotgun has h igh ra te

fire, point ta rget

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

28/92

V-3

Table V-1. Crowd Control (continued)

TASKSNLW PLANNING



Crowdcontrol

Operations

Tacticalintegration of

NLW an d le thal

fires

FSE plans to

include RC A

Alloca tion of NL W

munitions

Integrat ion ofNLW fires and

maneuver

Engineer barrierplanning

Unders tand

mission (deny

a ccess/di sper se/

monitor)

Riot C ontrol Agents

a . OC dispenser

b. Team OC

dispenser

c. High volume

dispenser

Dis ru pt /disp ersecrowds

Disperse RCAs to fa ce

a nd ey es for full effect

Employ sna tch teamsto apprehend

ag i ta tors

Crowdcontrol

Logistics

Distr ibution of

NLW supplies

Security of rear

area facilities

Resupply of NLWmunitions

Riot Control

a . Xenonsearchlight

b. Flex cuffs

c. RCA markers

Searchlights

da zzle/disor ient

individuals (night

only)

Flex cuffs used forag i ta tors

RCA markers are

used to mar k

agita tors for future ID

Crowdcontrol

P rocurement of

medical supplies

Hospital plann ing

Medic plann ing

for t act ical un its

Provided by www.mar

8/12/2019 NLW-1

29/92

V-4

Table V-2. Incapacitate Personnel

TASKNLW PLANNING



Incapacitatepersonnel

Admin P ersonnel

SJ A/claimsplanning

Media plan

Support Equipment

a. R iot face shield

b. Full length r iot shield

c. Expandable riot baton

d. Rifleman s combat

optic

Distr ibuted to troops in

advance

Riot bat on should notbe employed to t he

head

Optic employed w ithDM to ID mob leaders

and cover w ith le thalfire

Commander needs

to define in

capacitat ion

mission

Public dissemina-tion of NLW must

take a balanced

approach socountermeasures

cannot be rapidly

developed

NLW options mu stbe covered by

lethal force

Incapacitatepersonnel

Intelligence

ID t ypes ofinsurgents a nd

demonstra tors

ID causes andfactions

ID mob

r ingleaders

Kinetics

a .12 ga bea n bag r oundb. 12 ga rubber bulletc. 12 ga la unching

car t r idge

d.40mm rubber ba tone. 40mm w ooden bat on

f. 40mm st inger grenade

g. St un g r e nadeh.Flash bangi. M203 and s

nlw-1

Documents