nmr> 1 cnmgzm - vitragvani · à{vhy$b g§`mojm| _| h«$mo{yv, hmoh$a g§gma ~‹t>m`m...

$: nmR> 1 CnmgZm - Vitragvani · à{VHy$b g§`moJm| _| H«$mo{YV, hmoH$a g§gma ~‹T>m`m h¡Ÿ& gÝVá öX` à^w ! MÝXZ g_, erVbVm nmZo Am`m h¡Ÿ&&2&& › õt lr XodemóJwéä`mo$
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› õt lr XodemóJwé g_yh AÌ AdVa AdVa g§dm¡fQ>²Ÿ&› õt lr XodemóJwé g_yh AÌ {Vð> {Vð> R>: R>:Ÿ&› õt lr XodemóJwé g_yh AÌ __ g{Þ{hVmo ^d ^d dfQ²>Ÿ&

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› õt lr XodemóJwéä`mo {_Ï`mËd_b{dZmeZm` Ob§ {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&MÝXZ

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nmR> 1CnmgZm(Xod-emó-Jwé nyOZ)

lr OwJb{H$emoaOr " wJb'(E_.E., gm{hË`aËZ, H$moQ>m)

( 1 )

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› õt lr XodemóJwéä`mo H«$moYH$fm`_b{dZmeZm` MÝXZ§ {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&AjV

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› õt lr Xod-emó-Jwéä`mo _mZH$fm`_b{dZmeZm` AjV§ {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&nwîn

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› õt lr Xod-emó-Jwéä`mo _m`mH$fm`_b{dZmeZm` nwîn§ {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&Z¡doÚ

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› õt lr Xod-emó-Jwéä`mo bmo H$fm`_b{dZmeZm` Z¡doÚ§ {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&Xrn

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› õt lr Xod-emó-Jwéä`mo AkmZ A§YH$ma{dZmeZm` Xrn§ {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&

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› õt lr Xod-emó-Jwéä`mo {d^mdn[aU{V{dZmeZm` Yyn§ {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&\$b

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› õt lr Xod-emó-Jwéä`mo _moj\$bàmáò \$b§ {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&A¿ ©

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› õt lr Xod-emó-Jwéä`mo AZ¿ ©nXàmá o A¿ ª {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&ñVdZ

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( 3 )( 2 )

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MaUm| _| Am`m hÿ± à wda! erVbVm _wPH$mo {_b Om oŸ&_waPmB© kmZ-bVm _oar, {ZO AÝV~$©b go {Ib Om oŸ&&gmoMm H$aVm hÿ± ^moJm| go, ~wP OmòJr BÀN>m ÁdmbmŸ&n[aUm_ {ZH$bVm h¡ bo{H$Z, _mZmo nmdH$1 _| Kr S>mbmŸ&&Voao MaUm| H$s nyOm go, BpÝÐ` gwI H$s hr A{^bmfmŸ&A~ VH$ Z g_P hr nm`m à w! gÀMo gwI H$s r n[a^mfmŸ&&Vw_ Vmo A{dH$mar hmo à^wda! OJ _| ahVo OJ go Ý`maoŸ&AV Ed PwHo$ Vd MaUm| _|, OJ Ho$ _m{UH$-_moVr gmaoŸ&&ñ`mÛmX_`r Voar dmUr, ew^Z`2 Ho$ PaZo PaVo h¢Ÿ&Cg nmdZ Zm¡H$m na bmIm|, àmUr ^d-dm[a{Y3 {VaVo h¢Ÿ&&ho Jwéda! emídV gwIXe©H$, `h Z½Z ñdê$n Vwåhmam h¡Ÿ&OJ H$s ZídaVm H$m gÀMm, {X½Xe©Z4 H$aZodmbm h¡Ÿ&&O~ OJ {df`m|5 _| aM-nM6 H$a, Jm{\$b {ZÐm _| gmoVm hmoŸ&AWdm dh {ed Ho$ {ZîH§$Q>H$7, nW _| {dfH§$Q>H$ ~moVm hmoŸ&&hmo AÕ©-{Zem8 H$m gÝZmQ>m, dZ _| dZMmar MaVo hm|Ÿ&V~ emÝV {ZamHw$b _mZg Vw_, VÎdm| H$m qMVZ H$aVo hmoŸ&&H$aVo Vn e¡b9 ZXr-VQ> na, Vé-Vb10 dfm© H$s P{‹S>`m| _|Ÿ&g_Vm-ag-nmZ {H$`m H$aVo, gwI-Xw…I XmoZm| H$s K{‹S> m| _|Ÿ&&AÝVaÁdmbm11 haVr dmUr, _mZmo P‹S>Vr hm| \w$bP{‹S>`m±Ÿ&^d-~ÝYZ V‹S>-V‹S> Qy>Q> n‹S>|, {Ib Om | AÝVa H$s H${b`m±Ÿ&&Vw_-gm XmZr Š`m H$moB© hmo, OJ H$mo Xo Xt OJ H$s {Z{Y`m±Ÿ&{XZamV bwQ>m`m H$aVo hmo, g_-g_12 H$s A{dZída _{U`m±Ÿ&&

› õt lr Xod-emó-Jwéä`mo AZ¿ ©nXàmá o A¿ ª {Zd©nm_r{V ñdmhmŸ&ho {Z_©b Xod! Vwåh| à_mU, ho kmZ-Xrn AmJ_! àUm_Ÿ&ho empÝV-Ë`mJ Ho$ _y{V©_mZ, {ed-nW-n§Wr Jwéda! àUm_Ÿ&&

àíZ1. M§XZ Am¡a Z¡doÚ Ho$ N>ÝXm| H$mo {bIH$a CZH$m ^md AnZo eãXm| _| {b{IEŸ&2. O`_mbm _| Š`m dU©Z h¡ ? g§jon _| {bI|Ÿ&3. g§gma ^mdZm d g§da ^mdZm dmbo N>§X {bIH$a CZH$m ^md g_PmB oŸ&

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( 5 )( 4 )

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Amn H$Xå~ amOd§e Ho$ j{Ì` amOHw$_ma WoŸ& AmnHo$ ~më`H$mbH$m Zm_ empÝVd_m© WmŸ& AmnH$m OÝ_ X{jU ^maV _| H$mdoar ZXr Ho$VQ> na pñWV CaJnwa Zm_H$ ZJa _| hþAm WmŸ& AmnH$m ApñVËd{dH«$_ g§. 138 VH$ WmŸ&

AmnHo$ nm[adm[aH$ OrdZ Ho$ g§~§Y _| Hw$N> ^r kmV Zht h¡, AmnZoAënd` _| hr _w{Z Xrjm YmaU H$a br WrŸ& {XJå~a O¡Z gmYw hmoH$aAmnZo Kmoa VníMaU {H$`m Am¡a AJmY kmZ àmá {H$`mŸ&

Amn O¡Z {gÕmÝV Ho$ Vmo AJmY __©k Wo hr; gmW hr VH©$, Ý`m`,ì`mH$aU, N>ÝX, Ab§H$ma, H$mì` Am¡a H$mof Ho$ ^r A{ÛVr` npÊS>VWoŸ& Amn_| ~oOmo‹S> dmX-e{º$ WrŸ& AmnZo H$B© ~ma Ky_-Ky_ H$a Hw$dm{X`m|H$m Jd© IpÊS>V {H$`m WmŸ& AmnHo$ AmË_{dídmg H$mo {ZåZ n§{º$`m| _|XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡ -

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hÿ±Ÿ&'')

nmR> 2

Xod-emñÌ-JwéAmMm © g_ÝV^Ð(ì`{º$Ëd Ed§ H$Îm¥©Ëd)

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-----

AmYma-aËZH$aÊS> lmdH$mMmaXod H$s n[a^mfm

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-----( 7 )( 6 )

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gw~moY - drVamJr Vmo g_Pm na gd©kVm Š`m MrO h¡ ?à~moY - Omo g~ Hw$N> OmZVm h¡, dhr gd©k h¡Ÿ& {OgHo$ kmZ H$m nyU©

{dH$mg hmo J`m h¡, Omo VrZbmoH$ H$s g~ ~mV|, Omo yVH$mb_| hmo JBª, dV©_mZ _| hmo ahr h¢ Am¡a ^{dî` _| hm|Jr - CZg~ ~mVm| H$mo EH$gmW OmZVm h¡, dhr gd©k h¡Ÿ&

gw~moY - AÀN>m Vmo ~mV `h ahr {H$ Omo amJ-Ûof (njnmV) a{hVhmo Am¡a nyU© kmZr hmo, dhr gƒm Xod h¡Ÿ&

à~moY - hm± ! ~mV Vmo `hr h¡; dh Omo ^r CnXoe XoJm, dh gƒmAm¡a AÀN>m hmoJmŸ& CgH$m CnXoe {hV H$aZo dmbm hmoZo gohr Cgo {hVmonXoer H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

gw~moY - CgH$m CnXoe gƒm Am¡a AÀN>m Š`m| hmoJm ?

à~moY - PyR> Vmo AkmZVm go ~mobm OmVm h¡Ÿ& O~ dh g~ Hw$N>OmZVm h¡ Vmo {\$a CgH$s dmUr gƒr hr hmoJr VWm CgoO~ amJ-Ûof Zht Vmo dh ~war ~mV Š`m| H$hoJm, AV: CgH$mCnXoe AÀN>m ^r hmoJmŸ&

gw~moY - Xod Vmo g_Pm na emó {H$go H$hVo h¢ ?à~moY - Cgr Xod H$s dmUr H$mo emó H$hVo h¢Ÿ& dh drVamJ h¡,

AV: CgH$s dmUr ^r drVamJVm H$s nmofH$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& amJH$mo Y_© ~Vm o dh drVamJ H$s dmUr ZhtŸ& CgH$s dmUr _|VÎd H$m CnXoe AmVm h¡Ÿ& g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm `h h¡ {H$Cg_| H$ht ^r VÎd H$m {damoY Zht AmVm h¡Ÿ&

gw~moY - BgHo$ n‹T>Zo go bm^ Š`m h¡ ?à~moY - Ord ImoQ>o amñVo MbZo go ~M OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo ghr amñVm

àmá hmo OmVm h¡Ÿ&gw~moY - R>rH$ ahmŸ& Xod Am¡a emó Vmo Vw_Zo g_Pm {X`m Am¡a JwéOr

Vmo AnZo _mñQ>a gmh~ h¢ hrŸ&à~moY - nJbo ! _mñQ>a gmh~ Vmo {dÚmJwé h¢Ÿ& CZH$m ^r AmXa

H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& na {OZ Jwé H$s h_ nyOm H$aVo h¢, do Vmo Z¾{XJå~a gmYw hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

gw~moY - AÀN>m Vmo _w{ZamO H$mo Jwé H$hVo h¢, `h Š`m| Zht H$hVo?grYr-gr ~mV h¡, Omo Z¾ ahVo hm| do Jwé H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ&

à~moY - Vw_ {\$a ^r Zht g_PoŸ& Jwé Z¾ ahVo h¢ `h Vmo gË` h¡, naZ¾ ahZo _mÌ go H$moB© Jwé Zht hmo OmVmŸ& CZ_| Am¡a ^r~hþV-gr AÀN>r ~mV| hmoVr h¢Ÿ& do ^JdmZ H$s dmUr Ho$ __©H$mo OmZVo h¢Ÿ&

gw~moY - AÀN>m Am¡a H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z-gr ~mV| CZ_| hmoVr h¢ ?à~moY - do gXm AmË_Ü`mZ, ñdmÜ`m` _| brZ ahVo h¢Ÿ& gd© àH$ma

( 9 )( 8 )

Ho$ Amaå^-n[aJ«h go gd©Wm a{hV hmoVo h¢Ÿ& {df`-^moJm|H$s bmbgm CZ_| boe_mÌ ^r Zht hmoVrŸ& Eogo VnñdrgmYwAm| H$mo Jwé H$hVo h¢Ÿ&

gw~moY - do kmZr ^r hmoVo hm|Jo ?à~moY - Š`m ~mV H$aVo hmo, {~Zm AmË_kmZ Ho$ Vmo H$moB© _w{Z ~Z hr

Zht gH$VmŸ&gw~moY - Vmo AmË_kmZ Ho$ {~Zm `h {H«$`mH$mÊS> (~mømMaU `m

ì`dhma Mm[aÌ) g~ ~oH$ma h¡ Š`m ?à~moY - gwZmo ^mB© ! _yb dñVw Vmo AmË_m H$mo g_P H$a Cg_| brZ

hm oZm h ¡ Ÿ& AmË_{dídmg (gå`½Xe©Z), AmË_kmZ(gå`½kmZ) Am¡a AmË_brZVm (gå`H²$Mm[aÌ) {Og_| hmoVWm {OgH$m ~mømMaU ^r AmJ_mZwHy$b hmo, dmñVd _|gƒm Jwé Vmo dhr h¡Ÿ&

gw~moY - Vmo Vw_ BZH$s hr nyOZ H$aZo OmVo hmoJoŸ& h_ ^r MbmH$a|Jo, na `h Vmo ~VmAmo Bggo h_| {_boJm Š`m ?

à~moY - {\$a Vw_Zo Zmg_Pr H$s ~mV H$sŸ& nyOm Bg{bE H$s OmVrh¡ {H$ h_ ^r CZ O¡go ~Z Omd|Ÿ& do g~ Hw$N> N>mo‹S> J o,CZgo g§gma H$m Hw$N> _m±JZm H$hm± VH$ R>rH$ h¡Ÿ?

gw~moY - AÀN>m R>rH$ h¡, H$b go h_| ^r bo MbZmŸ&àíZ

1. nyOZ {H$gH$s Am¡a Š`m| H$aZm Mm{hE ?2. gƒm Xod {H$go H$hVo h¢ ?3. emó {H$go H$hVo h¢ ? CgH$s gƒmB© H$m AmYma Š`m h¡ ?4. Jwé {H$go H$hVo h¢ ? CZH$s {deofVmAm| H$m dU©Z H$s{OEŸ& Š`m {dÚmJwé Jwé Zht h¢ ?5. g§{já {Q>ßnUr {b{IE - drVamJ, gd©k, {hVmonXoer6. AmMm © g_ÝV^Ð Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd Am¡a H$V¥©Ëd na g§{já àH$me S>m{bE ?

AÜ`mË_ag _| {Z_¾ ahZodmbo, CÞrgdt gXr Ho$ VÎdXeu {dÛmZH${dda npÊS>V Xm¡bVam_Or nëbrdmb Om{V Ho$ ZaaËZ WoŸ& AmnH$mOÝ_ AbrJ‹T> Ho$ nmg gmgZr Zm_H$ J«m_ _| hþAmŸ& ~mX _| Amn Hw$N>{XZ AbrJ‹T> ^r aho WoŸ& AmnHo$ {nVm H$m Zm_ Q>moS>a_bOr WmŸ&

AmË_íbmKm go Xya ahZodmbo BZ _hmZ² H${d H$m OrdZ-n[aM`nyU©V: àmá Zht h¡Ÿ& na do EH$ gmYmaU J¥hñW Wo Ed§ gab ñd^mdr,AmË_kmZr nwéf WoŸ&

AmnHo$ Ûmam a{MV J«§W N>h‹T>mbm O¡Z g_mO H$m ~hþàM{bV Ed§ g_m-ÑV J«ÝWaËZ h¡Ÿ& em`X hr H$moB© O¡Zr mB© hmo, {OgZo N>hT>mbm H$m AÜ``ZZ {H$`m hmoŸ& g^r O¡Z narjm ~moS>m] Ho$ nmR>² H«$_ _| Bgo ñWmZ àmá h¡Ÿ&

BgH$s aMZm AmnZo {dH«$_ g§dV² 1891 _| H$s WrŸ& AmnZo Bg_|JmJa _| gmJa âZo H$m g\$b à`ËZ {H$`m h¡Ÿ& BgHo$ Abmdm AmnZoH$B© ñVw{V`m± Ed§ AÜ`mË_-ag go AmoVàmoV AZoH$ ÔZ {bIo h¢, OmoAmO ^r gmao ^maVdf© Ho$ _§{Xam| Am¡a emó-g^mAm| _| ~mobo OmVo h¢Ÿ&AmnHo$ ÔZm| _| _mÌ ^{º$ hr Zht, Jy‹T> VÎd ^r âo hþE h¢Ÿ&

^{º$ Am¡a AÜ`mË_ Ho$ gmW hr AmnHo$ H$mì` _| H$mì`monmXmZ ^rAnZo àm¡‹T>V_ ê$n _| nm o OmVo h¢Ÿ& mfm, gab, gw~moY Am¡a àdmh_`rh¡, ^Vu Ho$ eãXm| H$m A^md h¡Ÿ& AmnHo$ nX {hÝXr JrV gm{hË` Ho${H$gr ^r _hmaWr Ho$ gå_wI ~‹S>o hr Jd© Ho$ gmW aIo Om gH$Vo h¢Ÿ&

àñVwV nmR> AmnH$s à{gÕ aMZm N>hT>mbm H$s Xygar T>mb naAmYm[aV h¡Ÿ&

nmR> 3gmV VÎdm|g§~§Yr yb

AÜ`mË_ào_r npÊS>V Xm¡bVam_Or(ì`{º$Ëd Ed§ H$Îm¥©Ëd) ({dH«$_ g§dV² 1855-1923)

( 11 )( 10 )

gmV VÎdm| g§~§Yr ybOrdm{X gmV VÎdm| H$mo ghr ê$n _| g_Po {~Zm gå`½Xe©Z H$s

àm{á Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡Ÿ& AZm{XH$mb go Ordm| H$mo BZHo$ g§~§Y _|«mpÝV ahr h¡Ÿ& `hm± na g§{já _| CZ ybm| H$mo ñnï> {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

Ord Am¡a AOrdVÎd g§~§Yr ybOrd H$m ñd^md Vmo OmZZo-XoIZoê$n kmZ-Xe©Z_` h¡ Am¡a nwX²Jb

go ~Zo hþE earam{X - dU©, J§Y, ag Am¡a ñne©dmbo hmoZo go _y{V©H$ h¢Ÿ&Y_©Ðì`, AY_©Ðì`, H$mbÐì` Am¡a AmH$meÐì` Ho$ A_y{V©H$ hmoZona ^r Ord H$s n[aU{V BZ g~go OwXr h¡, {H$ÝVw {\$a ^r `h AmË_mBg ^oX H$mo Z n{hMmZ H$a earam{X H$s n[aU{V H$mo AmË_m H$sn[aU{V _mZ boVm h¡Ÿ&

AnZo kmZñd^md H$mo ^ybH$a eara H$s gwÝXaVm go AnZo H$mogwÝXa Am¡a Hw$ê$nVm go Hw$ê$n _mZ boVm h¡ VWm CgHo$ g§~§Y go hmoZodmbonwÌm{XH$ _| ^r AmË_~w{Õ H$aVm h¡Ÿ& earam{lV Cndmgm{X Am¡aCnXoem{X {H«$`mAm| _| ^r AnZmnZ AZw d H$aVm h¡Ÿ&

eara H$s CËn{Îm go AnZr CËn{Îm _mZVm h¡ Am¡a eara Ho$ {~Nw>‹S>Zona AnZm _aU _mZVm h¡Ÿ& `hr BgH$s Ord Am¡a AOrd VÎd Ho$g§~§Y _| yb h¡Ÿ&

Ord H$mo AOrd _mZZm Ord VÎd g§~§Yr yb h¡ Am¡a AOrd H$moOrd _mZZm AOrd VÎd g§~§Yr yb h¡Ÿ&AmòdVÎd g§~§Yr yb

amJ-Ûof-_moh Am{X {dH$mar ^md àH$Q> _| Xw:I H$mo XoZodmbo h¢,na `h Ord BÝht H$m godZ H$aVm hþAm AnZo H$mo gwIr _mZVm h¡Ÿ&H$hVm h¡ {H$ ew amJ Vmo gwIH$a h¡, Cggo Vmo nwÊ` ~ÝY hmoJm, ñdJm©{XH$gwI {_boJm; na `h Zht gmoMVm {H$ Omo ~ÝY H$m H$maU h¡, dh gwIH$m H$maU H¡$go hmoJm VWm nhbr T>mb _| Vmo gm\$ hr ~Vm`m h¡ {H$ ñdJ© _|gwI h¡ H$hm± ? O~ g§gma _| gwI h¡ hr Zht Vmo {_boJm H$hm± go ? AV: Omo

ew^mew^ amJ àH$Q> Xw:I H$m XoZodmbm h¡, Cgo gwIH$a _mZZm hr AmòdVÎdg§~§Yr yb h¡Ÿ&~ÝYVÎd g§~§Yr ^yb

`h Ord ew^ H$_m] Ho$ \$b _| amJ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Aew^ H$_m] Ho$ \$b _|Ûof H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ ew^ H$_m] H$m \$b h¡ moJ-gm_J«r H$s àm{á Am¡a moJXw:I_` hr h¢, gwI_` ZhtŸ& AV: ew^ Am¡a Aew^ XmoZm| hr H$_© dmñVd _|g§gma H$m H$maU hmoZo go hm{ZH$maH$ h¢ Am¡a _moj Vmo ew -Aew ~§Y Ho$ Zmego hr hmoVm h¡ - `h Zht OmZVm h¡, `hr BgH$s ~§YVÎd g§~§Yr ^yb h¡Ÿ&g§daVÎd g§~§Yr yb

AmË_kmZ Am¡a AmË_kmZ g{hV d¡am½` g§da h¡ Am¡a do hr AmË_m H$mogwIr H$aZodmbo h¢, CÝh| H$ï>Xm`r _mZVm h¡Ÿ& VmËn`© h h¡ {H$ gå`½kmZ H$sàm{á Am¡a d¡am½` H$s àm{á H$ï>Xm`H$ h¡ - Eogm _mZVm h¡Ÿ& `h Cgo nVm hrZht {H$ kmZ Am¡a d¡am½` H$s àm{á AmZ§X_` hmoVr h¡, H$ï>_`r ZhtŸ&

CÝh| H$ï> XoZodmbm _mZZm hr g§daVÎd g§~§Yr yb h¡Ÿ&{ZO©amVÎd g§~§Yr yb

AmË_kmZnyd©H$ BÀN>mAm| H$m A^md hr {ZO©am h¡ Am¡a dhr AmZ§X_` h¡Ÿ&Cgo Z OmZH$a Ed§ AmË_e{º$ H$mo ^ybH$a BÀNmAm| H$s ny{V© _| hr gwI_mZVm h¡ Am¡a BÀN>mAm| Ho$ A^md H$mo gwI Zht _mZVm h¡, `hr BgH$s{ZO©amVÎd g§~§Yr yb h¡Ÿ&_mojVÎd g§~§Yr yb

_w{º$ _| nyU© {ZamHw$bVmê$n gƒm gwI h¡, Cgo Vmo OmZVm Zht Am¡a moJg§~§Yr gwI H$mo hr gwI _mZVm h¡ Am¡a _w{º$ _| ^r Bgr Om{V Ho$ gwI H$sH$ënZm H$aVm h¡, hr BgH$s _mojVÎd g§~§Yr yb h¡Ÿ&

O~VH$ BZ gmVm| VÎd gå~ÝYr ^ybm| H$mo Z {ZH$mbo, V~VH$ BgH$mogƒm gwI àmá H$aZo H$m _mJ© àmá Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

AmYmaMoVZ H$mo h¡ Cn`moJ ê$n, {MÝ_yaV {~Z_yaV AZynŸ&nwX²Jb Z^ Y_© AY_© H$mb, BZV| Ý`mar h¡ Ord MmbŸ&

( 13 )( 12 )

VmH$mo Z OmZ {dnarV _mZ, H$[a H$a¢ Xoh _| {ZO {nN>mZŸ&_¢ gwIr-XwIr _¢ a§H$-amd, _oao YZ J¥h JmoYZ à^mdŸ&_oao gwV {V` _| g~b-XrZ ~oê$n-gw^J _yaI-àdrZŸ&VZ CnOV AnZr CnO OmZ, VZ ZeV AmnH$mo Zme _mZŸ&amJm{X àH$Q> Oo Xw:I X¡Z, {VZht H$mo godV {JZV M¡ZŸ&ew -Aew ~§Y Ho$ \$b _§Pma, a{V-Aa{VH$a¢ {ZOnX {dgmaŸ&AmV_-{hV hoVw {damJ-kmZ, Vo bI¢ AmnH$mo H$ï>XmZŸ&amoHo$ Z Mmh {ZO e{º$ Imo , {edê$n {ZamHw$bVm Z Omo Ÿ&

(N>hT>mbm, Xygar T>mb, N>ÝX 2 go 7 VH$)

àíZ1. Ord Am¡a AOrd VÎd Ho$ g§~§Y _| Bg Ord Zo {H$gàH$ma H$s yb H$s h¡ ?2. ""h_ ew -^md H$a|Jo Vmo gwIr hm|Jo'', Eogm _mZZo _| {H$g VÎd g§~§Yr yb hþB© ?3. ""VÎdkmZ àmá H$aZm H$ï>H$a h¡'', Š`m `h ~mV ghr h¡ ? `{X Zht, Vmo Š`m| ?4. ""O¡gm gwI h_| h¡ d¡gm hr Cggo H$B© JwUm _wº$ Ordm| H$m h¡'', Eogm _mZZo _| Š`m ~mYm h¡ ?5. ""`{X nañna ào_ (amJ) H$amoJo Vmo AmZÝX _| ahmoJo'', Š`m `h _mÝ`Vm R>rH$ h¡ ?

-----

AmMm`©H$ën npÊS>V Q>moS>a_bOr Ho$ {nVm lr OmoJrXmgOrIÊS>obdmb {X. O¡Z JmoXrH$m JmoÌO Wo Am¡a _m± Wt a§^m~mB©Ÿ& do{ddm{hV WoŸ& CZHo$ Xmo nwÌ Wo - h[aíMÝÐ Am¡a Jw_mZram_Ÿ& Jw_mZram__hmZ² à{V^membr Am¡a CZHo$ g_mZ hr H«$mpÝVH$mar WoŸ& Ú{n n§{S>VOrH$m A{YH$m§e OrdZ O`nwa _| hr ~rVm, {H$ÝVw CÝh| AnZr AmOr{dH$mHo$ {bE Hw$N> g_` qgKmUm Adí` ahZm n‹S>m WmŸ& do dhm± {Xëbr Ho$EH$ gmhÿH$ma Ho$ `hm± H$m`© H$aVo WoŸ&

""naånamJV _mÝ`VmZwgma CZH$s Am w 27 df© H$s _mZr OmVr h¡,{H$ÝVw CZH$s gm{hË`-gmYZm, kmZ d ZdrZV_ àmá CëboIm| VWmà_mUm| Ho$ AmYma na `h {ZpíMV hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ do 47 df© VH$Adí` Or{dV ahoŸ& CZH$s _¥Ë w-{V{W {d.g§. 1823-24 bJ^J{ZpíMV h¡, AV: CZH$m OÝ_ {d.g§. 1776-77 _| hmoZm Mm{hEŸ&''1

CÝhm|Zo AnZo OrdZ _| N>moQ>r-~‹S>r ~mah aMZmE± {bIt, {OZH$mn[a_mU H$ar~ EH$ bmI íbmoH$ à_mU h¡, nm±M hOma n¥ð>m| Ho$ H$ar~Ÿ&BZ_| Hw$N> Vmo bmoH${à` J«§Wm| H$s {demb àm_m{UH$ Q>rH$mE± h¢ Am¡aHw$N> h¢ ñdV§Ì aMZmE±Ÿ& do JÚ Am¡a nÚ XmoZm| ê$nm| _| nmB© OmVr h¢Ÿ-1. _moj_mJ©àH$meH$ (_m¡{bH$) 2. ahñ`nyU© {MÆ>r (_m¡{bH$)3. Jmoå_Q>gma nyOm (_m¡{bH$) 4. g_moeaU aMZm dU©Z (_m¡{bH$)

nmR> 4

Mma AZw moJAmMm ©H$ën npÊS>V Q>moS>a_bOr

(ì`{º$Ëd Ed§ H$Îm¥©Ëd)

1. n§. Q>moS>a_b : ì`{º$Ëd Am¡a H$V¥©Ëd : S>m°. hþH$_MÝX ^m[aëb, n¥ð>- 53( 15 )( 14 )

5. nwéfmW©{gÕ wnm` ^mfm Q>rH$m 6. AmË_mZwemgZ ^mfm Q>rH$m7. Jmoå_Q>gma OrdH$mÊS> ^mfm Q>rH$m 8. Jmoå_Q>gma H$_©H$m§S> ^mfm Q>rH$m9. AW©g§Ñ{ï> A{YH$ma 10. bpãYgma ^mfm Q>rH$m11. jnUmgma ^mfm Q>rH$m 12. {ÌbmoH$gma ^mfm Q>rH$m

AmnHo$ g§~§Y _| {deof OmZH$mar Ho$ {bE ""n§{S>V Q>moS>a_b :ì`{º$Ëd Am¡a H$V¥©Ëd'' Zm_H$ J«§W XoIZm Mm{hEŸ& àñVwV nmR> _moj-_mJ© àH$meH$ Ho$ Aï>_ A{YH$ma Ho$ AmYma na {bIm J`m h¡Ÿ&

---

Mma AZw moJN>mÌ - _moj_mJ©àH$meH$ _| {H$gH$s H$hmZr h¡ ?AÜ`mnH$ - _moj_mJ©àH$meH$ _| H$hmZr Wmo‹S>o hr h¡, Cg_| Vmo

_w{º$ H$m _mJ© ~Vm`m J`m h¡Ÿ&N>mÌ - AÀN>m Vmo _moj_mJ©àH$meH$ Š`m emó Zht h¡ ?AÜ`mnH$ - Š`m| ?N>mÌ - emó _| Vmo H$Wm | hmoVr h¢Ÿ& h_mao {nVmOr Vmo H$hVo Wo {H$

_pÝXa Mbm H$amo, em_ H$mo dhm± emó ~±MVm h¡, Cg_| AÀN>r-AÀN>rH$hm{Z`m± {ZH$bVr h¢Ÿ&

AÜ`mnH$ - hm± ! hm± ! emóm| _| _hmnwéfm| H$s H$Wm | ^r hmoVr h¢Ÿ&{OZ emóm| _| _hmnwéfm| Ho$ M[aÌm| Ûmam nwÊ`-nmn Ho$ \$b H$m dU©ZhmoVm h¡ Am¡a A§V _| drVamJVm H$mo {hVH$a ~Vm`m OmVm h¡, CÝh|àW_mZw`moJ Ho$ emó H$hVo h¢Ÿ&

N>mÌ - Vmo Š`m emó H$B© àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢ ?AÜ`mnH$ - emó Vmo {OZdmUr H$mo H$hVo h¢, Cg_| Vmo drVamJVm

H$m nmofU hmoVm h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ H$WZ H$aZo H$s {d{Y`m± Mma h¢; {OÝh|AZw`moJ H$hVo h¢ - àW_mZw`moJ, H$aUmZw`moJ, MaUmZw`moJ Am¡aÐì`mZw`moJŸ&

gå`½k

mZM§{ÐH

$m N>mÌ - h_| Vmo H$hm{Z`m± dmbm emó hr AÀN>m bJVm h¡, Cg_|Iy~ AmZÝX AmVm h¡Ÿ&

AÜ`mnH$ - ^mB© ! emó H$s AÀN>mB© Vmo drVamJVmê$n Y_© Ho$dU©Z _| h¡, H$moar H$hm{Z`m| _| ZhtŸ&

N>mÌ - Vmo {\$a `h H$WmE± emóm| _| {bIr hr Š`m| h¢ ?AÜ`mnH$ - Vw_ hr H$h aho Wo {H$ h_mam _Z H$WmAm| _| Iy~

bJVm h¡Ÿ& ~mV `hr h¡ {H$ amJr Ordm| H$m _Z Ho$db d¡am½`-H$WZ _|bJVm ZhtŸ& AV: {OgàH$ma ~mbH$ H$mo nVmgo Ho$ gmW Xdm XoVo h¢,CgràH$ma VwÀN> ~w{Õ Ordm| H$mo H$WmAm| Ho$ _mÜ`_ go Y_© (drVamJVm)_| é{M H$amVo h¢ Am¡a A§V _| d¡am½` H$m hr nmofU H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

N>mÌ - AÀN>m ! h ~mV h¡Ÿ& h nwamU Am¡a M[aÌ-J«§W àW_mZw moJ_| AmVo hm|JoŸ& H$aUmZw moJ _| {H$g ~mV H$m dU©Z hmoVm h¡Ÿ?

AÜ`mnH$ - H$aUmZw`moJ _| JwUñWmZ, _mJ©UmñWmZ Am{X ê$nVmo Ord H$m dU©Z hmoVm h¡ Am¡a H$_m] VWm VrZm| bmoH$m| H$m yJmobg§~§Yr dU©Z hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| J{UV H$s _w»`Vm ahVr h¡, Š`m|{H$JUZm Am¡a Zmn H$m dU©Z hmoVm h¡ Z !

N>mÌ - `h Vmo H${R>Z n‹S>Vm hmoJm ?AÜ`mnH$ - n‹S>oJm hr, Š`m|{H$ Bg_| A{V gyú_ Ho$dbkmZJå`

~mV H$m dU©Z hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Jmoå_Q>gma OrdH$mÊS>, Jmoå_Q>gma H$_©H$mÊS>,bpãYgma Am¡a {ÌbmoH$-gma Eogo hr J«ÝW h¢Ÿ&

N>mÌ - MaUmZw moJ gab n‹S>Vm hmoJm ?AÜ`mnH$ - hm± ! Š`m|{H$ Bg_| ñWyb ~w{ÕJmoMa H$WZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

Bg_| gw m{fV, Zr{V-emóm| H$s nÕ{V _w»` h¡, Š`m|{H$ Bg_| J¥hñWAm¡a _w{Z`m| Ho$ AmMaU {Z`_m| H$m dU©Z hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Bg AZw moJ _| O¡go^r `h Ord nmn N>mo‹S>H$a Y_© _| bJo AWm©V² drVamJVm _| d¥{Õ H$aod¡go hr AZoH$ w{º$`m| go H$WZ {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

N>mÌ - Vmo aËZH$aÊS> lmdH$mMma Bgr AZw moJ H$m emó hmoJm ?( 17 )( 16 )

AÜ`mnH$ - hm± ! hm± !! dh Vmo h¡ hrŸ& gmW hr _w»`V`m nwéfmW©-{gÕçwnm` Am{X Am¡a ^r AZoH$ emó h¢Ÿ&

N>mÌ - Vmo Š`m g_`gma Am¡a Ðì`g§J«h ^r Bgr AZw`moJ Ho$emó h¢ ?

AÜ`mnH$ - Zht ! do Vmo Ðì`mZw`moJ Ho$ emó h¢; Š`m|{H$ fQ²>Ðì`, gá VÎd Am{X H$m VWm ñd-na oX{dkmZ Am{X H$m dU©Z VmoÐì`mZw moJ _| hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

N>mÌ - Bg_| ^r H$aUmZw`moJ Ho$ g_mZ Ho$dbkmZJå` H$WZhmoVm hmoJm ?

AÜ`mnH$ - Zht ! Bg_| Vmo MaUmZw`moJ Ho$ g_mZ ~w{ÕJmoMaH$WZ hmoVm h¡, na MaUmZw`moJ _| ~mø {H«$`m H$s _w»`Vm ahVr h¡ Am¡aÐì`mZw moJ _| AmË_n[aUm_m| H$s _w»`Vm go H$WZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ& Ðì`mZw moJ_| Ý`m`emó H$s nÕ{V _w»` h¡Ÿ&

N>mÌ - Bg_| Ý`m`emó H$s nÕ{V _w»` Š`m| h¡ ?AÜ`mnH$ - Š`m|{H$ Bg_| VÎd {ZU©` H$aZo H$s _w»`Vm h¡Ÿ&

{ZU© w{º$ Am¡a Ý`m` Ho$ {~Zm H¡$go hmoJm ?N>mÌ - Hw$N> bmoJ H$hVo h¢ {H$ AÜ`mË_-emó _| ~mømMma H$mo

hrZ ~Vm`m h¡, na ñWmZ-ñWmZ na ñdÀN>ÝX hmoZo H$m ^r Vmo {ZfoY{H$`m h¡Ÿ& Bggo Vmo bmoJ AmË_kmZr ~ZH$a gƒo d«Vr ~Z|JoŸ&

N>mÌ - `{X H$moB© AkmZr «ï> hmo Om` Vmo ?AÜ`mnH$ - `{X JYm {_lr ImZo go _a Om` Vmo g‚mZ Vmo {_lr

ImZm N>mo‹S>o Zht, CgràH$ma `{X AkmZr VÎd H$s ~mV gwZH$a ^«ï> hmoOm` Vmo kmZr Vmo VÎdmä`mg N>mo‹S>o Zht; VWm dh Vmo nhbo r {_Ï`mÑ{ï>Wm, A~ ^r {_Ï`mÑ{ï> hr ahmŸ& BVZm hr ZwH$gmZ hmoJm {H$ gwJ{V ZhmoH$a Hw$J{V hmoJr, ahoJm Vmo g§gma H$m g§gma _| hrŸ& naÝVw AÜ`mË_-CnXoe Z hmoZo na ^r ~hþV Ordm| Ho$ _mj_mJ© H$m A^md hmoVm h¡ Am¡a

Bg_| ~hþV Ordm| H$m ~hþV ~wam hmoVm h¡, AV: AÜ`mË_-CnXoe H$m{ZfoY Zht H$aZmŸ&

N>mÌ - {OZgo IVao H$s Ame§H$m hmo, do emó n‹T>Zm hr Š`m| ?CÝh| Z n‹T>| Vmo Eogr Š`m hm{Z h¡ ?

AÜ`mnH$ - _moj_mJ© H$m _yb CnXoe Vmo AÜ`mË_-emóm| _| hrh¡, CZHo$ {ZfoY go _moj_mJ© H$m {ZfoY hmo Om oJmŸ&

N>mÌ - na n{hbo Vmo CÝh| Z n‹T>| ?AÜ`mnH$ - O¡oZY_© Ho$ AZwgma Vmo `h n[anmQ>r h¡ {H$ nhbo

Ðì`mZw`moJmZwgma gå`½Ñ{ï> hmo, {\$a MaUmZw-`moJmZwgma d«Vm{X YmaUH$a d«Vr hmoŸ& AV: _w»` ê$n go Vmo {ZMbr Xem _| hr Ðì`mZw moJH$m`©H$mar h¡Ÿ&

N>mÌ - n{hbo Vmo àW_mZw moJ H$m Aä`mg H$aZm Mm{hE?AÜ`mnH$ - n{hbo BgH$m Aä`mg H$aZm Mm{hE, {\$a CgH$m,

Eogm {Z`_ Zht h¡Ÿ& AnZo n[aUm_m| H$s AdñWm XoIH$a {OgHo$ Aä`mggo AnZr Y_© _| é{M Am¡a àd¥{Îm ~‹T>o, Cgr H$m Aä`mg H$aZm AWdmH$^r BgH$m, H$^r CgH$m, BgàH$ma \o$a-~Xb H$a Aä`mg H$aZmMm{hEŸ& H$B© emóm| _| Vmo Xmo-VrZ AZw moJm| H$s {_br nÕ{V go ^rH$WZ hmoVm h¡Ÿ&

àíZ1. AZw moJ {H$go H$hVo h¢ ? do {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ h¢ ?2. n§. Q>moS>a_bOr Ho$ AZwgma AZw moJm| H$m Aä`mgH«$_ Š`m h¡ ?3. Ðì`mZw moJ H$m Aä`mg Š`m| Amdí`H$ h¡ ? Cg_| {H$g nÕ{V go {H$g ~mV H$m dU©Z hmoVm h¡ ?4. MaUmZw moJ Am¡a H$aUmZw moJ _| Š`m AÝVa h¡ ?5. àË oH$ AZw moJ Ho$ H$_ go H$_ Xmo-Xmo J«§Wm| Ho$ Zm_ {b{IE?6. n§. Q>moS>a_bOr Ho$ g§§~§Y _| AnZo {dMma ì`º$ H$s{OE ?

-----

( 19 )( 18 )

VÎdmW©gyÌH$Îmm©a§, J¥Õ{nÀN>monb{jV_²Ÿ&dÝXo JUrÝÐg§OmV_w_mñdm{__wZrída_²Ÿ&&

H$_ go H$_ {bIH$a A{YH$ go A{YH$ à{g{Õ nmZodmbo AmMm ©J¥Õ{nÀN> C_mñdm_r Ho$ VÎdmW©gyÌ go O¡Z g_mO {OVZm A{YH$n[a{MV h¡, CZHo$ OrdZ n[aM` Ho$ g§~§Y _| CVZm hr An[a{MV h¡Ÿ&

ò Hw$ÝXHw$ÝXmMm`© Ho$ nÅ> {eî` Wo VWm {dH«$_ H$s àW_ eVmãXrHo$ ApÝV_ H$mb _| VWm {ÛVr` eVmãXr Ho$ nydm©Õ© _| ^maV- y{_ H$mon{dÌ H$a aho WoŸ&

AmMm © J¥Õ{nÀN> C_mñdm_r CZ Jm¡adembr AmMm`m] _| h¢, {OÝh|g_J« AmMm © naånam _| nyU© àm_m{UH$Vm Am¡a gå_mZ àmá h¡Ÿ& Omo_hÎd d¡{XH$m| _| JrVm H$m B©gmB`m| _| ~mB{~b H$m Am¡a _wgb_mZm| _|Hw$amZ H$m _mZm OmVm h¡, dhr _hÎd O¡Z naånam _| J¥Õ{nÀN> C_mñdm_rHo$ VÎdmW©gyÌ H$mo àmá h¡Ÿ& BgH$m Xygam Zm_ _mojemó ^r h¡Ÿ& `hg§ñH¥$V ^mfm H$m gd©àW_ O¡Z J«ÝW h¡Ÿ&

`h J«ÝWamO O¡Z g_mO Ûmam g§Mm{bV g^r narjm ~moS>m] Ho$nmR²>`H«$_m| _| {ZYm©[aV h¡ Am¡a gmao ^maVdf© Ho$ O¡Z {dÚmb`m| _|n‹T>m`m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

àñVwV A§e VÎdmW©gyÌ Ho$ V¥Vr` Am¡a MVwW© AÜ`m` Ho$ AmYmana {bIm J`m h¡Ÿ&

nmR> 5

VrZ bmoH$AmMm © J¥Õ{nÀN> C_mñdm_r


( 21 )( 20 )

VrZ bmoH$N>mÌ - JwéOr ! AmO àdMZ _| gwZm Wm {H$ Hw$ÝXHw$ÝXmMm © Xod

lr gr_ÝYa ^JdmZ Ho$ Xe©Z H$aZo {dXoh joÌ J o WoŸ& `h {dXoh joÌH$hm± h¡ ?

AÜ`mnH$ - `h gmam {díd VrZ bmoH$m| _| ~±Q>m hþAm h¡Ÿ& Ohm± h_Am¡a Vw_ ahVo h¢, `h _Ü`bmoH$ h¡Ÿ& Bg_| Ag§»`mV Ûrn Am¡a g_wÐh¢, do EH$-Xygao H$mo Koao hþE h¢Ÿ& g~Ho$ _Ü` Oå~yÛrn h¡Ÿ& CgHo$ Mmam|Amoa bdU g_wÐ h¡, CgHo$ Mmam| Am¡a YmVH$s-IÊS> Ûrn h¡, CgHo$ ^rMmam| Amoa H$mbmoX{Y g_wÐ h¡, {\$a nwîH$ada Ûrn Am¡a nwîH$ada g_wÐŸ&BgràH$ma Ag§»`mV Ûrn Am¡a g_wÐ h¢Ÿ&

N>mÌ - h_ Am¡a Amn Vmo Oå~yÛrn _| ahVo h¢, na gr_ÝYa ^JdmZH$hm± ahVo h¢ ?

AÜ`mnH$ - do ^r Oå~yÛrn _| hr ahVo h¢Ÿ& na ^mB© ! Oå~yÛrnN>moQ>m-gm Wmo‹S>o hr h¡Ÿ& `h Vmo EH$ bmI `moOZ {dñVma dmbm h¡Ÿ&BgHo$ ~rMm|~rM gw_oé Zm_H$ Jmob nd©V h¡ VWm Bg Jmob Oå~yÛrnH$mo {d^m{OV H$aZo dmbo N>: _hmnd©V h¢, Omo {H$ nyd© go boH$a npíM_VH$ n‹S>o hþE h¢, {OZHo$ Zm_ h¢ - {h_dZ, _hm{h_dZ, {ZfY, Zrb,épŠ_ Am¡a {eIarŸ&

N>mÌ - O~ o nyd© go npíM_ VH$ n‹S>o hþE h¢ Vmo Oå~yÛrn Vmo gmV^mJm| _| ~±Q> J`m g_PmoŸ&

AÜ`mnH$ - hm± ! BÝht gmV ^mJm| H$mo Vmo gmV joÌ H$hVo h¢,{OZHo$ Zm_ h¢ - âV, h¡_dV, h[a, {dXoh, aå`H$, h¡aÊ`dV Am¡aEoamdVŸ&

N>mÌ - A~ g_Pm {H$ Oå~yÛrn H$m Omo ~rMdmbm {hñgm {dXohjoÌ h¡, dhr gr_§Ya ^JdmZ h¢Ÿ& na h_........?

AÜ`mnH$ - CgHo$ hr X{jU _| Omo âV joÌ h¡ Z, Cgr _| h_ahVo h¢Ÿ& `ht AmMm`© Hw$ÝXHw$ÝX OÝ_o Wo Am¡a do {dXoh joÌ Jò WoŸ&

N>mÌ - o {VaN>o h¢ `m ZrMo-ZrMo ?AÜ`mnH$ - o Vmo D$na-D$na h¢Ÿ&N>mÌ - AÀN>m ZaH$ Vmo gmV h¢ na ñdJ© ?AÜ`mnH$ - ñdJ© Vmo gmobh h¢, {OZHo$ Zm_ h¢ - gm¡Y_©-EoemZ,

gmZËHw$_ma-_mhoÝÐ, ~«÷-~«÷moÎma, bmÝVd-H$m{nð>, ewH«$-_hmewH«$,gVma-ghòma, AmZV-àmUV, AmaU-AÀ wVŸ& BZHo$ ^r D$na Zm¡J«¡do`H$, Zm¡ AZw{Xe Am¡a nm±M AZwÎma {d_mZ h¢Ÿ& gdm©W©{g{Õ BÝhtnm±Mm| _| nm±Mdm± {d_mZ h¡Ÿ&

N>mÌ - BgHo$ D$na Š`m h¡ ?AÜ`mnH$ - {gÕ{ebm; Ohm± AZ§V {gÕ {damO_mZ h¢Ÿ&

gm_mÝ`V: `hr VrZ bmoH$ H$s aMZm h¡Ÿ&N>mÌ - JwéOr ! h_| Vmo nyU© g§Vmof Zht hþAm, {dñVma go g_PmB o?AÜ`mnH$ - EH$ {XZ Ho$ nmR> _| Bggo A{YH$ Š`m g_Pm`m Om

gH$Vm h¡ ? `{X Vwåh| {Okmgm hmo Vmo VÎdmW©gyÌ, VÎdmW©dm{V©H$,{ÌbmoH$gma Am{X emóm| go OmZZm Mm{hEŸ&

àíZ1. Oå~yÛrn H$m ZŠem ~ZmB o VWm Cg_| à_wI ñWmZ Xem©B oŸ&2. ZaH$ {H$VZo h¢ ? CZHo$ Zm_ {bIH$a dhm± H$s pñW{V H$m {MÌU AnZo eãXm| _| H$s{OEŸ&3. joÌm| H$m {d^mOZ H$aZo dmbo nd©Vm| Am¡a joÌm| Ho$ Zm_ {bIH$a Hw$ÝXHw$ÝX Am¡a gr_ÝYa ñdm_r H$m {Zdmg ~VmB`oŸ&

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( 25 )( 24 )

AÜ`mË_ Am¡a H$mì` XmoZm| joÌm| _| gdm}ƒ à{Vð>m-àmá npÊS>V~ZmagrXmgOr gÌhdt eVmãXr Ho$ ag{gÕ H${d Am¡a AmË_mZw dr{dÛmZ WoŸ&

AmnH$m OÝ_ lr_mb d§e _| bmbm IaJgoZ Ho$ hm± {d.g§. 1643_| _mK gwXr EH$mXer a{ddma H$mo hþAm WmŸ& Cg g_` BZH$m Zm_{dH«$_OrV aIm J`m Wm, naÝVw ~Zmag H$s `mÌm Ho$ g_` nmíd©ZmWH$s OÝ_y y{_ dmamUgr Ho$ Zm_ na BZH$m Zm_ ~ZmagrXmg aIm J`mŸ&o AnZo _m±-~mn H$s BH$bm¡Vr g§VmZ WoŸ&

AmnZo AnZo OrdZ _| ~hþV go CVma-M‹T>md XoIo WoŸ& Am{W©H${df_Vm H$m gm_Zm ^r AmnH$mo ~hþV ~ma H$aZm n‹S>m Wm VWm AmnH$mnm[adm[aH$ OrdZ ^r H$moB© AÀN>m Zht ahmŸ& AmnH$s VrZ em{X`m±hþBª, Zm¡ g§VmZo hþBª - 7 nwÌ Ed§ 2 nw{Ì`m±; na EH$ ^r Or{dV ZhtahtŸ& Eogr {df_-n[apñW{V _| ^r AmnH$m Y¡ © §J Zht hþAm, Š`m|{H$do AmË_mZw dr nwéf WoŸ&

H$mì`-à{V^m Vmo AmnH$mo OÝ_ go hr àmá WrŸ& 14 df© H$s C_« _|Amn CƒH$mo{Q> H$s H${dVm H$aZo bJo Wo, na àmapå^H$ OrdZ _|ûm¥§Jm[aH$ H${dVmAm| _| _¾ ahoŸ& BZH$s gd©àW_ H¥${V "Zdag' 14 df©H$s C_« _| V¡`ma hmo JB© Wr, {Og_| A{YH$m§e ûm¥§Jma ag H$m hr dU©Z

nmR> 6

gá ì`gZH${dda npÊS>V ~ZmagrXmgOr


( 27 )( 26 )

WmŸ& `h Bg ag H$s EH$ CËH¥$ï> H¥${V Wr, {Ogo {ddoH$ OmJ¥V hmoZo naH${d Zo Jmo_Vr ZXr _| ~hm {X`mŸ&

BgHo$ níMmV² AmnH$m OrdZ AÜ`mË__` hmo J`m Am¡a CgHo$~mX H$s a{MV Mma aMZmE± àmá h¢ - "ZmQ>H$ g_`gma', ~ZmagrXmg{dbmg', "Zm__mbm', Am¡a "AÕ©H$WmZH$'&

"ZmQ>H$ g_`gma' A_¥VMÝÐmMm`© Ho$ H$bem| H$m EH$ Vah gonÚmZwdmX h¡, {H$ÝVw H${d H$s _m¡{bH$ gyP~yP Ho$ H$maU BgHo$ AÜ``Z_| ñdV§Ì H¥${V-gm AmZ§X AmVm h¡Ÿ& `h J«ÝWamO AÜ`mË_ gam~moah¡Ÿ&

"AÕ©H$WmZH$' {hÝXr ^mfm H$m àW_ AmË_-M[aÌ h¡, Omo {H$AnZo Amn _| EH$ àm¡‹T>V_ H¥${V h¡Ÿ& Bg_| H${d H$m 55 df© H$m OrdZAmB©Zo Ho$ ê$n _| {M{ÌV h¡Ÿ&

"~Zmagr-{dbmg' H${d H$s AZoH$ aMZmAm| H$m g§J«h-J«ÝW h¡Am¡a "Zm__mbm' H$mof-H$mì` h¡Ÿ&

H${d AnZr AmË_-gmYZm Am¡a H$mì`-gmYZm XmoZm| _| hr~oOmo‹S> h¡Ÿ&

---gá ì`gZ

OwAm Am{_f _[Xam Xmar,AmIoQ>H$ Mmoar naZmarŸ&Ehr gmV ì`gZ XwIXmB©,Xw[aV _yb XwJ©{V Ho$ ^mB©Ÿ&&

X{d©V `o gmVm| ì`gZ, XwamMma XwIYm_Ÿ&^m{dV A§Va-H$ënZm, _¥fm _moh n[aUm_Ÿ&&

---Aew _| hma ew _| OrV `h¡ ÚyV H$_©Ÿ&Xoh H$s _JZVmB©, `h¡ _m§g ^{I~moŸ&&

_moh H$s Jhb gm| AOmZ `h¡ gwamnmZŸ&Hw$_{V H$s ar{V J{UH$m H$mo ag M{I~moŸ&&{ZX©` ˆ¡ àmU-KmV H$a~mo `h¡ {eH$maŸ&na-Zmar g§J na-~w{Õ H$mo na{I~moŸ&&ß`ma gm¢ namB© gm¢O J{h~o H$s Mmh MmoarŸ&EB© gmVm| ì`gZ {dS>m[a ~«÷ b{I~moŸ&&

- npÊS>V ~ZmagrXmgOrOwAm IobZm, _m§g ImZm, _{XamnmZ H$aZm, doí`mJ_Z H$aZm,

{eH$ma IobZm, Mmoar H$aZm, naór-godZ H$aZm - o gmV ì`gZ h¢Ÿ&{H$gr ^r {df` _| bdbrZ hmoZo H$mo AWm©V² AmXV H$mo ì`gZ

H$hVo h¢Ÿ& `hm± ~wao {df` _| brZ hmoZm ì`gZ H$hm J`m h¡ A¡a BgHo$gmV oX H$ho h¢, Omo Ordm| _| à_wI ê$n go AmHw$bVm n¡Xm H$aVo h¢Am¡a XwamMmar ~ZmVo h¢Ÿ& d¡go amJ-Ûof Am¡a AmHw$bVm CËnÞ H$aZodmbrg^r AmXV| ì`gZ hr h¢Ÿ& {ZíM` go Vmo AmË_m Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo wbmXo, do {_Ï`mËd go wº$ amJ-Ûof n[aUm_ hr ì`gZ h¢Ÿ&

1. OwAm - hma-OrV na Ñ{ï> aIVo hþE én o-n¡go `m {H$gràH$ma Ho$ YZ go H$moB© ^r Iob-IobZm `m eV© bJmH$a H$moB© H$m_H$aZm `m Xmd bJmH$a A{YH$ bm^ H$s Amem `m hm{Z H$m ^` hmoZmÐì`-OwAm h¡Ÿ&

ew^ (nwÊ`moX`) _| OrV (hf©) VWm Aew^ (nmnmoX`) _| hma({dfmX) _mZZm ^md-OwAm h¡Ÿ& Bg ^md (_mÝ`Vm) H$m Ë`mJ hrgƒm OwAm `m Ë`mJ h¡Ÿ&

2. _m§g ImZm - _ma H$a `m _ao hþE Ordm| H$m H$boda ImZo _|Amgº$ ahZm Ed§ ^jU H$aZm Ðì`-_m§g ImZm ì`gZ h¡Ÿ&

Xoh _| _JZ ahZm AWm©V² eara Ho$ nwï> hmoZo na AnZm (AmË_m H$m){hV Ed§ eara Ho$ Xw~bo hmoZo na AnZm (AmË_m H$m) A{hV _mZZm^md-_m§g ImZm ì`gZ h¡Ÿ&

3. _{XamnmZ - eam~, m§J, Mag, Jm§Om Am{X Zerbr dñVwAm|H$m godZ H$aZm Ðì`-_{XamnmZ h¡Ÿ&

VWm _moh _| n‹S>H$a AmË_ñdê$n go AZOmZ ahZm, md _{XamnmZh¡Ÿ&4. doí`mJ_Z H$aZm - doí`m go a_Zm, CgHo$ Ka AmZm-OmZm

Ðì`ê$n go doí`mJ_Z h¡Ÿ&VWm ImoQ>r ~w{Õ _| a_Zo H$m ^md, ^md doí`mJ_Z h¡ AWm©V² AnZo

AmË_-ñd^md H$mo N>mo‹S> {df`-H$fm` _| ~w{Õ a_mZm hr md doí`ma_Uh¡Ÿ& doí`m YZ, ñdmñÏ` VWm B‚mV Zï> H$a N>mo‹S> XoVr h¡, na {_Ï`m_{V(Hw$~w{Õ) Vmo AmË_m H$s à{Vð>m H$mo ha H$a AZ§VH$mb Ho$ {ZJmoX Ho$Xw:Im| _| T>Ho$b XoVr h¡Ÿ&

5. {eH$ma IobZm - O§Jb Ho$ arN>, ~mK, {haU, gwAa dJ¡ahñdÀN>ÝX {\$aZodmbo OmZdam| H$mo VWm N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o n{j`m| H$mo {ZX©`hmoH$a ~ÝXyH$ Am{X {H$gr ^r h{W`ma go _maZm d _maH$a AmZpÝXVhmoZm Ðì`ê$n go {eH$ma IobZm h¡Ÿ&

VWm Vrd« amJde Eogo H$m © H$aZo Ho$ ^mdm| Ûmam AnZo M¡VÝ` àmUm|H$m KmV H$aZm, `h ^mdê$n go {eH$ma IobZm h¡Ÿ&

6. naóra_U H$aZm - AnZr Y_m©ZwHy$b ã`mhr hþB© nËZr H$moN>mo‹S>H$a AÝ` {ó`m| Ho$ gmW a_U H$aZm, Ðì`-naóra_U ì`gZ h¡Ÿ&

VÎd H$mo g_PZo H$m `ËZ Z H$aHo$ Xygam| H$s ~w{Õ H$s naI _| hrkmZ H$m gXwn`moJ _mZZm dh ^md naóra_U h¡Ÿ&

7. Mmoar H$aZm - à_mX go {~Zm Xr hþB© {H$gr dñVw H$mo J«hUH$aZm Ðì` Mmoar h¡Ÿ&

VWm àr{V^md (_moh^md) go nadñVw go gmPoXmar H$s Mmh H$aZm(AnZr _mZZm) hr ^md Mmoar h¡Ÿ&

BZ gmV ì`gZm| H$mo Ë`mJo {~Zm AmË_m H$mo Zht OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&{Ogo g§gma Ho$ Xw:Im| go Aé{M hþB© hmo Am¡a AmË_ñdê$n àmá H$a

gƒm gwI àmá H$aZm hmo, Cgo gd©àW_ Cº$ gmV ì`gZm| H$m Ë`mJ

Adí` hr H$a XoZm Mm{hE; Š`m|{H$ O~ VH$ EH$ ^r ì`gZ ahoJm,gå`½Xe©Z H$s àm{á Zht hmo gH$VrŸ& AmË_é{M go AmË_ñd^md H$sd¥{Õ _| AmZ§{XV hmoZo go ^md ì`gZ ghO Ny>Q> OmVo h¢Ÿ& o gmVm|ì`gZ dV©_mZ _| ^r àË`jê$n go Xw:IXmB© OJV²-{ZÝÚ h¢Ÿ& ì`gZgodZ H$aZodmbo ì`gZr Am¡a XwamMmar H$hbmVo h¢Ÿ&

àíZ1. H${dda n§. ~ZmagrXmgOr Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd d H$V©¥Ëd na àH$me S>m{bEŸ&2. ì`gZ {H$go H$hVo h¢ ? do {H$VZo hmoVo h¢ ? Zm_ g{hV {JZmB oŸ&3. Ðì`-OwAm, md-_{XamnmZ, md-naóra_U Am¡a Ðì`-{eH$ma ì`gZ H$mo ñnï> H$s{OEŸ&4. {ZåZ{b{IV n§{º$`m| H$mo ñnï> H$s{OE - (H$) ""Xoh H$s _JZVmB©, `h¡ _m§g ^{I~moŸ&'' (I) ""ß`ma gm¢ namB© gm¢O J{h~o H$s Mmh MmoarŸ&''

------

( 29 )( 28 )

( 31 )( 30 )

AmÜ`mpË_H$ gÝVm| _| Hw$ÝXHw$ÝXmMm © Ho$ ~mX `{X {H$gr H$m Zm_{b`m Om gH$Vm h¡ Vmo do h¢ AmMm © A_¥VMÝÐŸ& Xw:I H$s ~mV h¡ {H$10dt eVr Ho$ bJ^J hmoZodmbo BZ _hmZ² AmMm © Ho$ ~mao _| CZHo$J«ÝWm| Ho$ Abmdm EH$ Vah go h_ Hw$N> ^r Zht OmZVoŸ&

AmnH$m g§ñH¥$V ^mfm na Anyd© A{YH$ma WmŸ& AmnH$s JÚ Am¡anÚ - XmoZm| àH$ma H$s aMZmAm| _| AmnH$s ^mfm ^mdmZwd{V©Zr Ed§ghO ~moYJå`, _mYw © JwU go wº$ h¡Ÿ& Amn AmË_ag _| {Z_¾ ahZodmbo _hmË_m Wo, AV: AmnH$s aMZm | AÜ`mË_-ag go AmoV àmoV h¢Ÿ&

AmnHo$ g^r J«ÝW g§ñH¥$V ^mfm _| h¢Ÿ& AmnH$s aMZm | JÚ Am¡anÚ XmoZm| àH$ma H$s nmB© OmVr h¢Ÿ& JÚ aMZmAm| _| AmMm`© Hw$ÝXHw$ÝXHo$ _hmZ² J«ÝWm| na {bIr hþB© Q>rH$m`| h¢ -

1. g_`gma H$s Q>rH$m - Omo ""AmË_»`m{V'' Ho$ Zm_ go OmZrOmVr h¡Ÿ&

2. àdMZgma Q>rH$m - {Ogo ""VÎdàXr{nH$m'' H$hVo h¢Ÿ&3. nÄMmpñVH$m` Q>rH$m - {OgH$m Zm_ ""g_` ì`m»`m'' h¡Ÿ&4. VÎdmW©gma - `h J«ÝW J¥Õ{nÀN> C_mñdm_r Ho$ JÚ gyÌm| H$m

EH$ Vah go nÚmZwdmX h¡Ÿ&5. nwéfmW©{gÕ`wnm` - `h J¥hñW Y_© na AmnH$m _m¡{bH$

J«ÝW h¡Ÿ& Bg_| qhgm Am¡a Aqhgm H$m ~hþV hr VÏ`nyU© {ddoMZ {H$`mJ`m h¡Ÿ&

nmR> 7

Aqhgm : EH$ {ddoMZ

AmMm © A_¥VMÝÐ(ì`{º$Ëd Ed§ H$Îm¥©Ëd)

àñVwV {Z~ÝY AmnHo$ J«ÝW nwéfmW©{gÕçwnm` na AmYm[aV h¡Ÿ&Aqhgm : EH$ {ddoMZ

""Aqhgm na_mo Y_©:'' Aqhgm H$mo na_ Y_© Kmo{fV H$aZo dmbr`h gy{º$ AmO ~hþàM{bV h¡Ÿ& `h Vmo EH$ ñdrH¥$V VÏ` h¡ {H$Aqhgm hr na_ Y_© h¡Ÿ& na àíZ `h h¡ {H$ Aqhgm Š`m h¡ ?

qhgm Am¡a Aqhgm H$s MMm© O~ ^r MbVr h¡, h_mam Ü`mZ àm`:Xygao Ord H$mo _maZm, gVmZm `m ajm H$aZm Am{X H$s Amoa hr OmVmh¡Ÿ& qhgm Am¡a Aqhgm H$m g§~§Y àm`: Xygam| go hr Omo‹S>m OmVm h¡Ÿ&Xygam| H$s qhgm _V H$amo, ~g `hr Aqhgm h¡, Eogm hr gdm©{YH${dídmg h¡Ÿ& AnZr ^r qhgm hmoVr h¡, Bg Va\$ ~hþV H$_ bmoJm| H$mÜ`mZ OmVm h¡Ÿ& {OZH$m OmVm ^r h¡ Vmo do AmË_qhgm H$m AW©{df^jUm{X Ûmam AmË_KmV (AmË_hË`m) hr _mZVo h¢, na CgHo$AÝVV©_ VH$ nhþ±MZo H$m à`ËZ Zht {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& AÝVa _| amJ-ÛofH$s CËn{Îm ^r qhgm h¡, Bg ~mV H$mo ~hþV H$_ bmoJ OmZVo h¢Ÿ& `hrH$maU h¡ {H$ AmMm © A_¥VMÝÐ Zo qhgm Am¡a Aqhgm H$s n[a^mfm~VmVo g_` AÝVa§J Ñ{ï> H$mo hr àYmZVm Xr h¡Ÿ& do {bIVo h¢-

""AmàmXw^m©d: Ibw amJmXrZm§ ^dË`qhgo{VŸ&Vofm_odmoËn{Îm: qhgo{V {OZmJ_ñ` g§jon:Ÿ&&

amJ-Ûof-_moh Am{X {dH$mar ^mdm| H$s CËn{Îm hr qhgm h¡ Am¡a CZ^mdm| H$m CËnÞ Zht hmoZm hr Aqhgm h¡Ÿ&''

AV: do ñnï> KmofUm H$aVo h¢ {H$ amJ-Ûof-_mohê$n n[aU{V_`hmoZo go PyR>, Mmoar, Hw$erb Am¡a n[aJ«h ^r àH$mamÝVa go qhgm hr h¡Ÿ&do H$hVo h¢ -

AmË_n[aUm_qhgZhoVwËdmËgd©_od qhg¡VV²Ÿ&AZ¥VdMZm{XHo$db_wXmöV§ {eî`~moYm`Ÿ&&

AmË_m Ho$ ewÕ n[aUm_m| Ho$ KmV hmoZo go PyR>, Mmoar Am{X qhgm hr

AqhgH$ d¥{Îmdmbo _§X H$fm`r Ord H$s BgàH$ma H$s AZJ©b àd¥{ÎmZht nmB© Om gH$Vr h¡Ÿ&

qhgm Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¡ -(1) Ðì` qhgm(2) ^md qhgmOrdm| Ho$ KmV H$mo Ðì`-qhgm H$hVo h¢ Am¡a KmV H$aZo Ho$ ^md H$mo

^md-qhgm, BVZm Vmo àm`: bmoJ g_P boVo h¢; na ~MmZo H$m ^md ^rdmñVd _| gÀMr Aqhgm Zht, Š`m|{H$ dh ^r amJ^md h¡ - `h àm`:Zht g_P nmVoŸ&

amJ^md Mmho dh {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m hmo, CgH$s CËn{Îm {ZíM`go Vmo qhgm hr h¡, Š`m|{H$ dh ~§Y H$m H$maU h¡Ÿ& O~ amJ^md H$sCËn{Îm H$mo qhgm H$s n[a^mfm _| AmMm`© A_¥VMÝÐ Zo gpå_{bV{H$`m hmoJm, V~ CgHo$ ì`mnH$ AW© (ew amJ Am¡a Aew amJ) H$mÜ`mZ CÝh| Z ahm hmo - Eogm Zht _mZm Om gH$VmŸ&

Aqhgm H$s gƒr Am¡a gdm}ËH¥$ï> n[a^mfm AmMm © A_¥VMÝÐ ZoXr h¡ {H$ amJ^md {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m hmo, qhgm hr h¡Ÿ& `{X Cgo H$htAqhgm H$hm hmo Vmo Cgo ì`dhma (CnMma) H$m H$WZ OmZZm Mm{hEŸ&

`hm± `h àíZ hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Eogr Aqhgm Vmo gmYw hr nmbgH$Vo h¢; AV: `h Vmo CZH$s ~mV hþB©Ÿ& gm_mÝÒZm| (lmdH$m|) H$mo VmoX`mê$n (Xygam| H$mo ~MmZo H$m ^md) Aqhgm hr gƒr h¡Ÿ& na AmMm ©A_¥VMÝÐ Zo lmdH$ Ho$ AmMaU Ho$ àH$aU _| hr Bg ~mV H$mo boH$a`h {gÕ {H$`m h¡ {H$ Aqhgm Xmo àH$ma H$s Zht hmoVr, Aqhgm H$moOrdZ _| CVmaZo Ho$ ñVa Xmo hmo gH$Vo h¢; qhgm Vmo qhgm hr ahoJrŸ& `{XlmdH$ nyU© qhgm H$m Ë`mJr Zht hmo gH$Vm Vmo dh Aën qhgm H$mË`mJ H$ao; na Omo qhgm dh N>mo‹S> Z gHo$, Cgo Aqhgm Vmo Zht _mZm OmgH$Vm h¡Ÿ& `{X h_ nyU©V: qhgm H$m Ë`mJ Zht H$a gH$Vo h¢ Vmo h_|A§eV: Ë`mJ H$aZm Mm{hEŸ& `{X dh ^r Z H$a gH|$ Vmo H$_ go H$_

( 33 )( 32 )

h¢, ôX H$aHo$ Vmo _mÌ {eî`m| H$mo g_PmZo Ho$ {bE H$ho Jò h¢Ÿ&`mo½` AmMaU H$aZodmbo gËnwéf Ho$ amJm{X ^mdm| Ho$ Zht hmoZo na

Ho$db naàmU-nr‹S>Z hmoZo go qhgm Zht hmoVr VWm A`ËZmMma(AgmdYmZr) àd¥{Îmdmbo Ord Ho$ AÝ` Ord _a|, Mmho Z _a|, qhgmAdí` hmoVr h¡; Š`m|{H$ dh H$fm` ^mdm| _| àd¥Îm ahH$a AmË_KmV VmoH$aVm hr ahVm h¡ Am¡a "AmË_KmVr _hmnmnr' H$hm J`m h¡Ÿ&

`hm± H$moB© H$h gH$Vm h¡ {H$ O~ Xygao Ord H$m _aZo Am¡a Z _aZo goqhgm H$m H$moB© g§~§Y Zht h¡ Vmo {\$a qhgm Ho$ H$m`m] go ~MZo H$s Š`mAmdí`H$Vm h¡ ? ~g n[aUm_ hr ewÕ aIo ahoŸ& BgH$m CÎma XoVo hþEAmMm © H$hVo h¢ -

gyú_m{n Z Ibw qhgm nadñVw{Z~§YZm ^d{V nw§g:Ÿ&qhgm`VZ{Zd¥{Îm: n[aUm_{dewÕò VX{n H$m`m©Ÿ&&

hmbm§{H$ nadñVw Ho$ H$maU a§M_mÌ ^r qhgm Zht hmoVr h¡, {\$a ^rn[aUm_m| H$s ew{Õ Ho$ {bE qhgm Ho$ ñWmZ n[aJ«hm{XH$ H$mo N>mo‹S> XoZmMm{hEŸ&

ì`dhma _| {Ogo qhgm H$hVo h¢ - O¡go {H$gr H$mo gVmZm, Xw:IXoZm Am{X qhgm Z hmo - `h ~mV Zht h¡Ÿ& dh Vmo qhgm h¡ hr, Š`m|{H$Cg_| à_mX H$m `moJ ahVm h¡Ÿ& na h_mam bú` Cgr na Ho$pÝÐV hmoOmVm h¡ Am¡a h_ AÝVV©_ _| hmoZodmbr ^mdqhgm H$s Va\$ Ñ{ï> ZhtS>mb nmVo h¢, AV: `hm± na {deofH$a AÝVa _| hmoZodmbr amJm{X^mdê$n ^mdqhgm H$s Amoa Ü`mZ AmH${f©V {H$`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& {OgOrd Ho$ ~mø ñWybqhgm H$m ^r Ë`mJ Zht hmoJm, dh Vmo Bg AÝVaH$s qhgm H$mo g_P hr Zht gH$VmŸ&

AV: {MÎmew{Õ Ho$ {bE A^ú`-^jUm{X Ed§ am{Ì-^moOZm{XqhgH$ H$m`m] H$m Ë`mJ Vmo A{V Amdí`H$ h¡ hr VWm _Ú, _m§g, _YwEd§ n§M CXwå~a \$bm| H$m Ë`mJ ^r Amdí`H$ h¡; Š`m|{H$ BZHo$ godZgo AZÝV Ìg Ordm| H$m KmV hmoVm h¡ VWm n[aUm_m| _| H«y$aVm AmVr h¡Ÿ&

qhgm H$mo Y_© _mZZm Am¡a H$hZm Vmo N>mo‹S>Zm hr Mm{hEŸ& ew amJ amJhmoZo go {h§gm _| AmVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo h_ Y_© _mZ|, `h Vmo R>rH$ ZhtŸ&

amJ-Ûof-_moh mdm| H$s CËn{Îm hmoZm qhgm h¡ Am¡a CÝh| Y_© _mZZm_hmqhgm h¡ VWm amJm{X ^mdm| H$s CËn{Îm Zht hmoZm hr na_ Aqhgmh¡ Am¡a amJm{X ^mdm| H$mo Y_© Zht _mZZm hr Aqhgm Ho$ g§~§Y _| gƒrg_P h¡Ÿ&

`hm± `h àíZ CR> gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Vrd« amJ Vmo qhgm h¡, na _§X amJH$mo qhgm Š`m| H$hVo hmo ? na ~mV `h h¡ {H$ O~ amJ qhgm h¡ Vmo _§XamJ Aqhgm H¡$go hmo Om oJm, dh ^r Vmo amJ H$s hr EH$ Xem h¡Ÿ& `h~mV Adí` h¡ {H$ _§X amJ _§X qhgm h¡ Am¡a Vrd« amJ Vrd« qhgm h¡Ÿ&AV: `{X h_ qhgm H$m nyU© Ë`mJ Zht H$a gH$Vo h¢ Vmo Cgo _§X VmoH$aZm hr Mm{hEŸ& amJ {OVZm KQ>o CVZm hr AÀN>m h¡, na CgHo$gX² md H$mo Y_© Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Y_© Vmo amJ-Ûof-_moh H$mA^md hr h¡ Am¡a dhr Aqhgm h¡, {Ogo na_ Y_© H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ&

àíZ1. ""Aqhgm'' na EH$ g§{já {Z~§Y {b{I o, {Og_| Aqhgm Ho$ g§~§Y _| àM{bV JbV YmaUmAm| H$m {ZamH$aU H$aVo hþE gå`H²$ {ddoMZ H$s{OEŸ&2. AmMm © A_¥VMÝÐ Ho$ ì`{º$Ëd Am¡a H$V¥©Ëd na àH$me S>m{bE ?3. ""amJm{X ^mdm| H$s CËn{Îm hr qhgm h¡ Am¡a amJm{X ^mdm| H$s CËn{Îm Zht hmoZm hr Aqhgm h¡Ÿ&'' Cº$ {dMma H$m VH©$g§JV {ddoMZ H$s{OEŸ&4. _§X amJ H$mo Aqhgm H$hZo _| Š`m Amn{Îm h¡ ? ñnï> H$s{OE?

-----

( 35 )( 34 )

nmR> 8 Aï>m{•H$m_hmnd©

{XZoe - AmAmo ^mB© {OZoe ! nmZ ImAmoJo ?{OZoe - ZhtŸ&{XZoe - Š`m| ?{OZoe - Vwåh| nVm Zht ! AmO H$m{V©H$ gwXr Aï>_r h¡ Z ! AmO go

Aï>m{•H$m _hmnd© Amaå^ hmo J`m h¡Ÿ&{XZoe - Vmo Š`m hþAm ? Ë`m¡hma Vmo ImZo-nrZo Ho$ hmoVo hr h¢Ÿ& nd© Ho$

{XZm| _| Vmo bmoJ ~{‹T>`m ImVo, ~{‹T>`m n{hZVo Am¡a _m¡O goahVo h¢Ÿ& Am¡a Vw_............?

{OZoe - ^mB© ! `h ImZo-nrZo H$m nd© Zht h¡, `h Vmo Ym{_©H$ nd© h¡Ÿ&Bg_| Vmo bmoJ g§ _ go ahVo h¢, nyOm-nmR> H$aVo h¢, Vm{ÎdH$MMm©E± H$aVo h¢Ÿ& `h Vmo AmË_gmYZm H$m nd© h¡Ÿ& Ym{_©H$ndm] H$m à`moOZ Vmo AmË_m _| drVamJ^md H$s d¥{Õ H$aZoH$m h¡Ÿ&

{XZoe - Bg nd© H$mo Aï>m{•H$m Š`m| H$hVo h¢ ?{OZoe - `h AmR> {XZ VH$ MbVm h¡ ZŸ& Aï>=AmR>, A{•={XZŸ&

AmR> {XZ H$m CËgd gmo Aï>m{•H$m nd©Ÿ&{XZoe - Vmo `h à{Vdf© H$m{V©H$ _| AmR> {XZ H$m hmoVm hmoJm ?{OZoe - hm± ^mB© ! H$m{V©H$ _| Vmo à{Vdf© AmVm hr h¡Ÿ& na `h Vmo df©

_| VrZ ~ma AmVm h¡Ÿ& Aï>m{•H$m nyOZ _| H$hm h¡ Z-H$m{V©H$ \$mJwZ gm‹T> Ho$, A§V AmR> {XZ _m±{hŸ&ZÝXrída gwa OmV h¢, h_ nyO| Bh R>m±{hŸ&&

( 37 )( 36 )

H$m{V©H$ gwXr Aï>_r go ny{U©_m VH$, \$mëJwZ gwXrAï>_r go ny{U©_m VH$ Am¡a Amfm‹T> gwXr Aï>_r go ny{U©_mVH$, df© _| VrZ ~ma `h nd© _Zm`m OmVm h¡Ÿ& XodVm bmoJVmo Bg nd© H$mo _ZmZo Ho$ {bE ZÝXrída Ûrn OmVo h¢, na h_dhm± Vmo Om Zht gH$Vo; AV: ht {º$^md go nyOm H$aVo h¢Ÿ&

{XZoe - `h ZÝXrída Ûrn H$hm± h¡ ?{OZoe - Vw_Zo VrZ bmoH$ H$s aMZm dmbm nmR> n‹T>m Wm ZŸ& Cg_|

_Ü`bmoH$ _| Omo Ag§»`mV Ûrn Am¡a g_wÐ h¢, CZ_| `hAmR>dm± Ûrn h¡Ÿ&

{XZoe - h_ dhm± Š`m| Zht Om gH$Vo ?{OZoe - Vrgao nwîH$a Ûrn _| EH$ nd©V h¡, {OgH$m Zm_ h¡ _mZwfmoÎma

nd©VŸ& _Zwî` CgHo$ AmJo Zht Om gHo$Jm, Bg{bE CgH$mZm_ _mZwfmoÎma nd©V n‹S>m h¡Ÿ&

{XZoe - AÀN>m ! dhm± Eogm Š`m h¡, Omo Xod dhm± OmVo h¢ ?{OZoe - dhm± ~hþV _Zmok AH¥${Ì_ (ñd{Z{_©V) 52 {OZ _§{Xa h¢Ÿ&

dhm± OmH$a XodJU nyOm, ^{º$ Am¡a VÎdMMm© Am{X Ho$Ûmam AmË_gmYZm H$aVo h¢Ÿ& h_ bmoJ dhm± Zht Om gH$Vo,AV: `ht na {d{dY Ym{_©H$ Am`moOZm| Ûmam AmË_{hV _|àd¥Îm hmoVo h¢Ÿ&

{XZoe - `h nd© ^maVdf© _| H$hm±-H$hm± _Zm`m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bg_|Š`m-Š`m hmoVm h¡ ?

{OZoe - gmao ^maVdf© _| O¡Z g_mO Bg _hmnd© H$mo ~‹S>o hr CËgmh go_ZmVm h¡Ÿ& A{YH$m§e ñWmZm| na {gÕMH«$ {dYmZ H$m nmR>hmoVm h¡, ~mha go {dÛmZ ~wbm o OmVo h¢, CZHo$ AmÜ`m{Ë_H${df`m| na àdMZ hmoVo h¢Ÿ& EH$ Vah go g~ OJh O¡Zg_mO _| Ym{_©H$ dmVmdaU N>m OmVm h¡Ÿ&

{XZoe - `h {gÕMH«$ Š`m h¡ ? BgHo$ nmR> _| Š`m hmoVm h¡ ?

{OZoe - {gÕMH«$ ? Š`m Vw_Zo H$^r {gÕMH«$ H$m nmR> Zht XoIm ?{XZoe - ZhtŸ&{OZoe - {gÕ Vmo _wº$ Ordmo| H$mo H$hVo h¢Ÿ& Omo g§gma Ho$ ~§YZm| go Ny>Q>

J o h¢, {Og_| AZÝV Xe©Z, AZÝV kmZ Am¡a AZÝV gwIàH$Q> hmo J`o h¢, Omo Aï>H$_© go a{hV h¢, amJ-Ûof Ho$ ~ÝYZm|go _wº$ h¢, Eogo AZÝV na_mË_m bmoH$ Ho$ AJ«^mJ _|{damO_mZ h¢, CÝh| hr {gÕ H$hVo h¢ Am¡a CZH$m g_wXm`hr {gÕMH«$ hþAmŸ& AV: {gÕMH«$ Ho$ nmR> _| {gÕm| H$snyOZ-^{º$ hmoVr h¡Ÿ& gmW hr CgH$s O`_mbmAm| _| ~hþVgwÝXa AmË_{hV H$aZodmbo VÎdmonXoe ^r hmoVo h¢, Omo {H$g_PZo `mo½` h¢Ÿ&

{XZoe - O`_mbm _| Vmo ñVw{V hmoVr h¡ ?{OZoe - ñVw{V Vmo hmoVr hr h¡, gmW hr {gÕm| Zo {gÕXem H¡$go àmá

H$s, Bg gÝX © _| _w{º$ Ho$ _mJ© H$m ^r à{VnmXZ hmo OmVmh¡Ÿ&

{XZoe - Š`m Vw_ CZH$m AW© _wPo g_Pm gH$Vo hmo ?{OZoe - Zht ^mB© ! O~ {gÕMH«$ H$m nmR> hmoVm h¡ Vmo ~mha go ~wbm o

J o `m ñWmZr` {deof {dÛmZ O`_mbm H$m AW© H$aVo h¢,Cg g_` h_| Ü`mZ go g_P boZm Mm{hEŸ&

{XZoe - CZHo$ nyOZ-{dYmZ go Š`m bm^ ?{OZoe - h_ CZHo$ ñdê$n H$mo n{hMmZ H$a `h OmZ gH$Vo h¢ {H$

O¡gr o AmË_mE± ewÕ Am¡a n{dÌ h¢, d¡gm hr h_mam ñd^mdewÕ Am¡a {Za§OZ h¡ Am¡a BZHo$ g_mZ _w{º$ H$m _mJ©AnZmH$a h_ ^r BZHo$ g_mZ AZ§V gwIr Am¡a AZ§V kmZr~Z gH$Vo h¢Ÿ& `h nd©amO XebjU nd© Ho$ ~mX XygaoZå~a H$m Ym{_©H$ _hmnd© h¡Ÿ&

{XZoe - h_Zo gwZm h¡ {H$ {gÕMH«$-{dYmZ go Hw$ð> amoJ {_Q> OmVm h¡Ÿ&

H$hVo h¢ {H$ lrnmb Am¡a CZHo$ gmV gm¡ gm{W`m| H$m H$mo‹T>Bgr go {_Q>m WmŸ& CZH$s nËZr _¡Zm gwÝXar Zo {gÕMH«$ H$mnmR> H$aHo$ J§YmoXH$ CZ na {N>‹S>H$m Am¡a H$mo‹T> Jm`~Ÿ&

{OZoe - {gÕMH«$ H$s _{h_m _mÌ Hw$ð>-{ZamoY VH$ gr{_V H$aZmCgH$s _hmZVm _| H$_r H$aZm h¡Ÿ& Hw$ð> Vmo eara H$m amoJ h¡,AmË_m H$m H$mo‹T> Vmo amJ-Ûof-_moh h¡Ÿ& Omo AmË_m {gÕm| Ho$ghr ñdê$n H$mo OmZH$a CZ O¡gr AnZr AmË_m H$mon{hMmZH$a Cg_| hr brZ hmo Omdo Vmo OÝ_-_aU Am¡aamJ-Ûof-_moh O¡go _hmamoJ ^r g_má hmo OmVo h¢Ÿ&

{gÕm| H$s AmamYZm H$m gƒm \$b Vmo drVamJ ^mdH$s d¥{Õ hmoZm h¡, Š`m|{H$ do ñd`§ drVamJ h¢Ÿ& {gÕm| H$mgƒm ^º$ CZgo bm¡{H$H$ bm^ H$s Mmh Zht aIVmŸ& {\$a^r CgHo$ A{Ve` nwÊ` H$m ~§Y Vmo hmoVm hr h¡, AV: Cgobm¡{H$H$ AZwHy$bVm`| ^r àmá hmoVr h¢, na CgH$s Ñ{ï> _|CZH$m H$moB© _hÎd ZhtŸ&

{XZoe - _¢ Vmo g_PVm Wm {H$ Ë`m¡hma ImZo-nrZo Am¡a _m¡O C‹S>mZo Ho$hr hmoVo h¢, na AmO g_P _| Am`m {H$ Ym{_©H$ nd© VmodrVamJVm H$s d¥{Õ H$aZodmbo g§ _ Am¡a gmYZm Ho$ nd©h¢Ÿ& AÀN>m, _¢ ^r Vwåhmao g_mZ BZ {XZm| _| g§ _ go ahÿ±JmAm¡a AmË_-VÎd H$mo g_PZo H$m à`mg H$ê±$JmŸ&

àíZ1. Ym{_©H$ nd© {H$gàH$ma _Zm o OmVo h¢ ?2. Aï>m{•H$m Ho$ g§~§Y _| AnZo {dMma ì`º$ H$s{OEŸ&3. ZÝXrída Ûrn H$hm± h¡ ? Cg_| Š`m h¡ ?4. `h nd© H$~-H$~ _Zm`m OmVm h¡ ?5. {gÕMH«$ {H$go H$hVo h¢ ? {gÕm| H$s AmamYZm H$m \$b Š`m h¡?6. Š`m Vw_Zo H$^r {gÕMH«$ H$m nmR> hmoVo XoIm h¡ ? Cg_| Š`m hmoVm h¡ ? g_PmB oŸ&

------

( 39 )( 38 )

nmR> 9

^JdmZ nmíd©ZmW

d¡am½` ag go AmoVàmoV AmÜ`mpË_H$ nXm| Ho$ àUoVm àmMrZ O¡ZH${d`m| _| yYaXmgOr H$m _hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡Ÿ& BZHo$ nX, N>ÝX Am¡aH${dÎm g_ñV Ym{_©H$ g_mO _| ~‹S>o AmXa go Jm o OmVo h¢Ÿ&

Amn AmJam Ho$ ahZodmbo WoŸ& AmnH$m OÝ_ IÊS>obdmb O¡Z Om{V _|hþAm Wm, O¡gm {H$ O¡Z-eVH$ Ho$ ApÝV_ N>§X _| Amn ñd § {bIVo h¢-

AmJao _| ~mb ~w{Õ, yYa IÊS>obdmb,~mbH$ Ho$ »`mb gmo H${dÎm H$a OmZo h¢Ÿ&

`o {hÝXr Am¡a g§ñH¥$V Hoo$ AÀN>o {dÛmZ WoŸ& A~ VH$ BZH$s VrZaMZmE± àmá hmo MwH$s h¢Ÿ- {OZHo$ Zm_ O¡Z-eVH$, nmíd©nwamU Ed§nX-g§J«h h¡Ÿ& O¡Z-eVH$ _| H$ar~ gm¡ {d{dY N>ÝX g§J¥hrV h¢, Omo {H$~‹S>o gab Ed§ d¡am½`moËnmXH$ h¢Ÿ&

nmíd©nwamU H$mo Vmo {hÝXr Ho$ _hmH$mì`m| H$s H$mo{Q> _| aIm OmgH$Vm h¡Ÿ& Bg_| 23d| VrWªH$a ^JdmZ nmíd©ZmW Ho$ OrdZ H$m dU©Zh¡Ÿ& `h CËH¥$ï> H$mo{Q> Ho$ H$mì`monmXmZm| go `wº$ Vmo h¡ hr, gmW hr Bg_|AZoH$ g¡ÕmpÝVH$ {df`m| H$m ^r amoMH$ dU©Z h¡Ÿ&

AmnHo$ AmÜ`mpË_H$ nX Vmo AnZr bmoH${à`Vm, gabVm Am¡aH$mo_bH$mÝV nXmdbr Ho$ H$maU OZ_mZg H$mo AmO ^r C×o{bV H$aVoahVo h¢Ÿ&

àñVwV nmR> AmnHo$ Ûmam {b{IV nmíd©nwamU Ho$ AmYma na {bImJ`m h¡Ÿ&

H${dda n§. yYaXmgOr({d. g§dV² 1750-1806)

( 41 )( 40 )

^JdmZ nmíd©ZmWAÜ`mnH$ - a_oe ! Vw_ nmíd©ZmW Ho$ ~mao _| Š`m OmZVo hmo ?a_oe - Or, nmíd©ZmW EH$ aoëdo ñQ>oeZ H$m Zm_ h¡Ÿ&AÜ`mnH$ - AnZo ñWmZ na I‹S>o hmo OmAmoŸ& Vwåh| CÎma XoZo H$m

VarH$m ^r Zht _mby_ ? I‹S>o hmoH$a CÎma XoZmMm{hEŸ& gä`Vm grImoŸ& h_ nyN>Vo h¢ ^JdmZnmíd©ZmW H$s ~mV, Amn ~VmVo h¢ ñQ>oeZ H$m Zm_Ÿ&

a_oe - Or, _¢ H$bH$Îmm J`m WmŸ& amñV| _| nmíd©ZmW Zm_H$m ñQ>oeZ Am`m Wm, AV: H$h {X`mŸ& Hw$N> JbVrhmo JB© hmo Vmo j_m H$a|Ÿ&

AÜ`mnH$ - nmíd©ZmW ñQ>oeZ H$m ^r Zm_ h¡, na OmZVo hmo {H$Cg ñQ>oeZ H$m Zm_ nmíd©ZmW Š`m| n‹S>m ? CgHo$nmg EH$ nd©V h¡, {OgH$m Zm_ gå_oX{eIa h¡Ÿ&dhm± go VoB©gd| VrWªH$a JdmZ nmíd©ZmW Zo {Zdm©Uàmá {H$`m WmŸ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Cg ñQ>oeZ H$mZm_ ^r nmíd©ZmW aIm J`m, `hm± VH$ {H$ Cgnd©V H$mo ^r nmagZmW {hb H$hm OmVm h¡Ÿ& `hO¡{Z`m| H$m ~hþV ~‹S>m VrW©joÌ h¡, `hm± bmIm|AmX_r à{Vdf© `mÌm H$aZo AmVo h¢Ÿ& `h ñWmZ{~hma àmÝV _| hOmar~mJ {Obo _| B©gar Ho$ nmgh¡Ÿ& nmíd©ZmW Ho$ Abmdm Am¡a ^r H$B© VrWªH$am| Zo`hm± go na_nX (_moj) àmá {H$`m h¡Ÿ&

gwaoe - Am¡a nmíd©ZmW H$m OÝ_-ñWmZ H$m¡Z-gm h¡ ?AÜ`mnH$ - H$mer, {Ogo AmOH$b dmamUgr (~Zmagr) H$hVo

h¢Ÿ& AmO go H$ar~ VrZ hOma df© nhbo BúdmHw$d§eHo$ H$mí`n JmoÌr` dmamUgr Zaoe AídgoZ Ho$ `hm±CZH$s {dXwfr nËZr dm_mXodr Ho$ CXa go, nm¡f H¥$îU

EH$mXer Ho$ {XZ nmíd©Hw$_ma H$m OÝ_ hþAm WmŸ&CZHo$ OÝ_ H$ë`mUH$ H$m CËgd CZHo$ _mVm-{nVmAm¡a OZnXdm{g`m| Zo Vmo _Zm`m hr Wm, na gmW_| Xodm| Am¡a BÝÐm| Zo ^r ~‹S>o CËgmh go _Zm`m WmŸ&

nmíd©Hw$_ma OÝ_ go hr à{V^membr Am¡aM_ËH¥$V ~w{Õ{ZYmZ Ad{YkmZ Ho$ YmaH$ WoŸ& doAZoH$ gwbjUm| Ho$ YZr, AVwë` ~b go `wº$,AmH$f©H$ ì`{º$Ëd dmbo ~mbH$ WoŸ&

gwaoe - do Vmo amOHw$_ma Wo Z ? CÝh| Vmo g~àH$ma H$sbm¡{H$H$ gw{dYm`| àmá ahr hm|JrŸ&

AÜ`mnH$ - Bg_| Š`m gÝXoh ! do amOHw$_ma hmoZo Ho$ gmW hrA{Ve` nwÊ` Ho$ YZr Wo, Xodm{XH$ ^r CZH$s godm_| CnpñWV ahVo WoŸ& `hr H$maU h¡ {H$ CÝh| {H$gràH$ma H$s gm_J«r H$s H$_r Z Wr, na amÁ`-d¡^dEd§ nwÊ`-gm_J«r Ho$ {bE CZHo$ öX` _| H$moB© ñWmZZ Wm, ^moJm| H$s bmbgm CÝh| qH${MV² ^r Z WrŸ&d¡ d H$s N>m`m _| nbZo na ^r Ob _| ahZodmboH$_b Ho$ g_mZ Cggo A{bá hr WoŸ&

wdm hmoZo na CZHo$ _mVm-{nVm Zo ~hþV hrà`ËZ {H$`o, na CÝh| {ddmh H$aZo H$mo amOr Z H$agHo$Ÿ& do ~mb ~«÷Mmar hr ahoŸ&

{OZoe - Eogm Š`m| ?AÜ`mnH$ - do AmË_kmZr Vmo OÝ_ go Wo hr, CZH$m _Z gXm

OJV go CXmg ahVm WmŸ& EH$ {XZ EH$ Eogr KQ>ZmKQ>r {H$ {OgZo CZHo$ öX` H$mo PH$Pmoa {X`m Am¡ado {XJå~a gmYw hmoH$a AmË_gmYZm H$aZo bJoŸ&

{OZoe - dh H$m¡Z-gr KQ>Zm Wr ?

AÜ`mnH$ - EH$ {XZ àmV:H$mb do AnZo gm{W`m| Ho$ gmW Ky_ZoOm aho WoŸ& amñVo _| do XoIVo h¢ {H$ CZHo$ ZmZm gmYwdoe _| n§Mm{¾ Vn Vn aho h¢Ÿ& ObVr hþB© bH$‹S>rHo$ ~rM EH$ ZmJ-Zm{JZr H$m Omo‹S>m Wm, dh ^rOb ahm WmŸ& nmíd©ZmW Zo AnZo {Xì` kmZ(Ad{YkmZ) go `h g~ OmZ {b`m Am¡a CZH$moBgàH$ma Ho$ H$m_ H$aZo go _Zm {H$`m, na O~ VH$Cg bH$‹S>r H$mo \$m‹S>H$a Zht XoI {b`m J`m V~VH$ {H$gr Zo CZH$m {dídmg Zht {H$`mŸ& bH$‹S>r\$m‹S>Vo hr Cg_| go AYObo ZmJ-Zm{JZr {ZH$boŸ&

a_oe - h¢, do Ob J o ! h Vmo ~hþV ~wam hþAmŸ& {\$a....Ÿ?AÜ`mnH$ - {\$a Š`m ? nmíd©Hw$_ma Zo CZ ZmJ-Zm{JZr H$mo

g§~mo{YV {H$`m Am¡a _§X H$fm` go _a H$a YaUoÝÐAm¡a nÙmdVr hþEŸ&

a_oe - AÀN>m hþAm, Mbmo; CZH$m ^d Vmo gwYa J`mŸ&AÜ`mnH$ - Xod hmo J o-Bg_| Š`m AÀN>m hþAm ? AÀN>m Vmo

`h hþAm {H$ CZH$s é{M gÝ_mJ© H$s Amoa hmo JB©Ÿ&Bg öX`{dXmaH$ KQ>Zm go nmíd©Hw$_ma H$m

H$mo_b öX` d¡am½`_` hmo J`m Am¡a nm¡f H¥$îUEH$mXer Ho$ {XZ do {XJå~a gmYw hmo J oŸ&

gwaoe - {\$a Vmo CÝhm|Zo Kmoa VníM`m© H$s hmoJr ?AÜ`mnH$ - hm±, {\$a do AIÊS> _m¡Z-d«V YmaU H$a AmË_gmYZm

_| brZ hmo JòŸ& EH$ ~ma do A{hjoÌ Ho$ dZ _|Ü`mZñW WoŸ& D$na go CZH$m nyd©-OÝ_ H$m d¡arg§da Zm_H$ Xod Om ahm WmŸ& CÝh| XoIH$a CgH$mnyd©-d¡a OmJ¥V hmo J`m Am¡a CgZo _w{ZamO nmíd©ZmWna Kmoa CngJ© {H$`mŸ& nmZr ~agm`m, Amobo ~agm o,

`hm± VH$ {H$ Kmoa Vy\$mZ Mbm`m Am¡a nËWa VH$~agm o, na nmíd©ZmW AmË_gmYZm go {S>Jo ZhtAm¡a CÝh| Cgr g_` M¡Ì H¥$îU MVwX©er Ho$ {XZHo$dbkmZ H$s àm{á hþB©Ÿ& `h XoIH$a dh XodnN>VmVm hþAm CZHo$ MaUm| _| bmoQ> J`mŸ&

{OZoe - h_Zo Vmo gwZm Wm {H$ Cg g_` CZ YaUoÝÐ-nÙmdVrZo nmíd©ZmW H$s ajm H$s WrŸ&

AÜ`mnH$ - gmYmaU Xod-Xodr VrZbmoH$ Ho$ ZmW H$s Š`m ajmH$a|Jo ? do Vmo AnZr AmË_gmYZm Ûmam nyU© gwa{jVWo hr, na ~mV `h h¡ {H$ Cg g_` YaUoÝÐ Am¡anÙmdVr H$mo CZHo$ CngJ© H$mo Xya H$aZo H$m {dH$ënAdí` Am J`m Wm VWm CÝhm|Zo `WmeŠ` AnZo{dH$ën H$s ny{V© ^r H$s WrŸ&

CgHo$ ~mX do H$ar~ gÎma df© VH$ gmao^maVdf© _| g_deaU g{hV {dhma H$aVo aho Ed§{Xì`Üd{Z Ûmam ^ì` Ordm| H$mo VÎdmonXoe XoVoahoŸ& do AnZo CnXoem| _| gXm hr AmË_gmYZm na~b XoVo ahoŸ& do H$hVo {H$ h AmË_m hr AZÝVkmZAm¡a gwI H$m ^§S>ma h¡ - BgH$s lÕm {H$ò {~Zm,Bgo OmZo {~Zm Am¡a Bg_| brZ hþE H$moB© ^r H$^rgƒm gwI àmá Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡Ÿ&

bmIm| Ordm| Zo CZHo$ CnXoem| go bm^ boH$aAmË_empÝV àmá H$sŸ& _hmH${d ^yYaXmgOr CZHo$CnXoem| Ho$ à^md H$m {MÌU H$aVo hþE {bIVo h¢-

Ho$B© _w{º$ OmoJ ~‹S>^mJ,^ò {XJå~a n[aJ«h Ë`mJŸ&

{H$Zhr lmdH$ d«V AmXao,ngw n`m©` AZwd«V YaoŸ&&

( 43 )( 42 )

Ho $B © Zmar A{O©H$m ^B ª,^Vm© Ho$ g§J dZ H$mo JBªŸ&

H o $B © Za new X odr X od,gå`H²$ aËZ bøm¡ Vhm± EdŸ&&

- - - - - -Bh {dY g^m g_yh g~, {Zdg¡ AmZÝX ê$nŸ&_mZmo A_¥V ê$n gm¢, qgMV Xoh AZynŸ&&

BgàH$ma do CnXoe XoVo hþE AÝV _| gm¡ df© H$s Am w _| lmdUewŠbm gá_r Ho$ {XZ gå_oX{eIa Ho$ gwdU©^ÐHy$Q> go {Zdm©U nYmaoŸ&

àíZ1. H${dda n§. yYaXmgOr H$m g§{já n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&2. nmagZmW {hb Ho$ ~mao _| Amn Š`m OmZVo h¢ ?3. ^JdmZ nmíd©ZmW H$m g§{já OrdZ-n[aM` Xr{OEŸ&4. ""YaUoÝÐ-nÙmdVr Zo nmíd©ZmW H$s ajm H$s Wr'' - Bg g§~§Y _| AnZo {dMma ì`º$ H$s{OEŸ&5. dh H$m¡Z-gr KQ>Zm Wr, {Ogo XoIH$a nmíd©Hw$_ma {XJå~a gmYw hmo J o ?

-----

( 45 )( 44 )

nmR> 10

Xod-emñÌ-JwéS>m°. hþH$_MÝX m[aëb, O`nwa

g_`gma1 {OZXod h¢, {OZ àdMZ {OZdm{UŸ&{Z`_gma2 {ZJ«©ÝW Jwé, H$ao H$_© H$s hm{ZŸ&&

( Xod )ho drVamJ gd©k à^mo, Vw_H$mo Zm A~ VH$ n{hMmZmŸ&AVEd n‹S> aho h¢ à wda, Mm¡amgr3 Ho$ MŠH$a ImZmŸ&&H$éUm{Z{Y Vw_H$mo g_P ZmW, ^JdmZ ^amogo n‹S>m ahmŸ&^anya gwIr H$a XmoJo Vw_, `h gmoMo gÝ_wI I‹S>m ahmŸ&&Vw_ drVamJ hmo brZ ñd § _|, H$^r Zm _¢Zo `h OmZmŸ&Vw_ hmo {Zarh4 OJ go H¥$VH¥$V5, BVZm Zm _¢Zo n{hMmZmŸ&&à^www drVamJ H$s dmUr _|, O¡gm Omo VÎd {XIm`m h¡Ÿ&`h OJV ñd`§ n[aU_Zerb Ho$dbkmZr Zo Jm`m h¡Ÿ&&Cg na Vmo lÕm bm Z gH$m, n[adV©Z H$m A{^_mZ {H$`mŸ&~ZH$a na H$m H$Îmm© A~ VH$, gV²6 H$m Z à^mo gå_mZ {H$ mŸ&&

( emó )^JdmZ Vwåhmar dmUr _|, O¡gm Omo VÎd {XIm`m h¡Ÿ&ñ`mÛmX Z` AZoH$mÝV _`, g_`gma g_Pm`m h¡Ÿ&&

· àM{bV _ybà{V _| ""Omo hmoZm h¡ gmo {ZpíMV h¡, Ho$dbkmZr Zo Jm`m h¡'' h¡ na~mbH$m| H$s Ñ{ï> go H${R>Z OmZH$a Cº$ n[adV©Z {H$`m J`m h¡Ÿ&1. ewÕmË_m (ñd^md Ñ{ï> go H$maUna_mË_m Am¡a n`m©` Ñ{ï> go H$m`© na_mË_m)Ÿ& 2.ewÕ ({ZíM`) Mm[aÌŸ& 3. Mm¡amgr bmI `mo{Z`m±Ÿ& 4. BÀN>ma{hVŸ& 5. {OÝh| Hw$N>H$aZm ~mH$s Z ahm hmo, CÝh| H¥$VH¥$Ë` H$hVo h¢Ÿ& 6. dñVwñd^mdŸ&

( 47 )( 46 )

Cg na Vmo Ü`mZ {X`m Z à^mo, {dH$Wm _| g_`1 J_m`m h¡Ÿ&ewÕmË_ é{M Z hþB© _Z _|, Zm _Z H$mo CYa bJm`m h¡Ÿ&&_¢ g_P Z nm`m Wm A~ VH$, {OZdmUr {H$gH$mo H$hVo h¢Ÿ&à w drVamJ H$s dmUr _|, H¡$go Š`m VÎd {ZH$bVo h¢Ÿ&&amJ Y_©_` Y_© amJ_`, A~ VH$ Eogm OmZm WmŸ&ew H$_© H$_mVo gwI hmoJm, ~g A~ VH$ Eogm _mZm WmŸ&&na AmO g_P _| Am`m h¡ {H$ drVamJVm Y_© AhmŸ&amJ ^md _| Y_© _mZZm, {OZ_V _| {_Ï`mËd H$hmŸ&&drVamJVm H$s nmofH$ hr, {OZdmUr H$hbmVr h¡Ÿ&`h h¡ _w{º$ H$m _mJ© {ZaÝVa, h_H$mo Omo {XIbmVr h¡Ÿ&&

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