no local food without local farmland: keeping farmland available for farming - powerpoint...

No Local Food without Local Farmland

Kathryn Gardow—Gardow Consulting

Kimberly Freeman—Pierce County, WA

© Gardow Consulting

THE ISSUE: To I-5


Urban PressureLoss is approx. 1 acre/minute

2002-2007 U.S. lost over 4,000,000 acres of farmland1982-2007 U.S. lost over 41,000,000 acres of farmland

91% of fruits & 78% of vegetables are grown in the urban fringe


Washington State

Digital-topo-maps.com © Gardow Consulting

Olympic Peninsula, WA

60 Acre Farm



Prime Soils

Prime Soils, if irrigated© Gardow Consulting


Zoned AR=1 house/16 acres

Zoned R2=1 house/2.5 acres

Zoned R5=1 house/5 acres

60 Acre Farm



60 Acre Farm


Urban pressure = increased land prices


North Pierce County

1,500 Food Miles Traveled

Portland

New York City


What is an experienced farmer?

• 7-15 years to become experienced

• Living through multiple growing seasons

• Willingness to continue being educated with new varieties, growing methods, etc.

• Willingness to re-invent one’s self


Value of land as retirement fund


Agriculture Jeopardy

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PreservationStrategies

MarketStrategies

SuccessionStrategies

Align and Act! Strategies



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MarketStrategies


Land use code

strategy




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MarketStrategies


What iszoning?




Cluster Zoning


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MarketStrategies


What iszoning?




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MarketStrategies


What iszoning?

Uses public / private $ or

trade markets




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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?

What is Transfer & Purchase of Development

Rights?



TDR / PDR Programs• Pierce County—Orting Valley Farms PDR

• King County-TDR since 2001, saved 141,000 acres of farm, forest & open space land


Funding Sources• Local Land Trusts

• State & Local Funding Sources

• Federal Funding Sources—NRCS-Farmland

Protection Program



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?



Rights?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?

Values land as resource not

highest and best use



Rights?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?

What is an agricultural appraisal?



Rights?


Land Affordability

• Land for Housing Costs $20,000-$50,000/Acre

• Land for Warehouse & Industrial Development $40,000-$80,000/Acre

• Land on Which a Farmer can be Profitable $4,000-$10,000/Acre


Appraisal Process• Appraiser must

perform “highest & best use analysis”

• “Highest & best use” can still be more than a farmer can afford

• Appraisal does not consider social values such as food production



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MarketStrategies


What is Zoning?




Rights?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?




Rights?

Access to urban markets is crucial

for sales



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?




Rights?

What are direct sales?


Direct Sales“Access to urban markets is crucial to farmers

engaged in direct sales.”

No Local Food without Local Farmland


Direct Consumer Sales• Farmers’ Markets—6,132

markets in 2010

• Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)—more than 2,500

• U-Pick

• Farm Stands/On-Site Sales

• Agricultural Tourism© Gardow Consulting


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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?




Rights?




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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?




Rights?


This program links large

institutions to farms



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?


What are

direct sales?

What are Farm to School

programs?



Rights?


Farm to School Programs

• 1996—2 pilot Farm to School Programs

• 2011—2352 Farm to School Programs



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?




Rights?



programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?


What are

direct sales?

Creating or capturing more $

from products



Rights?


programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?


What is value-added?



Rights?



programs?


Value-Added Products



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?





Rights?



programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is Zoning?


What are

direct sales?




Rights?

5-letter acronym for farm

organization


programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is Zoning?


What are

direct sales?


What is WWOOFing?



Rights?


programs?


WWOOF

• World Wide Opportunities on Organic Farms

• 99 Countries with WWOOF Opportunities



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?



What is WWOOFing?



Rights?



programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?


What are

direct sales?


What is WWOOFing?

Get a 4 year degree from

here



Rights?


programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?



What is WWOOFing?

What is a land grant university?




Rights?


programs?


Sustainable Agricultural Programs• Washington State University

• C.S. Mott Group for Sustainable Food Systems at Michigan State University

• UC Davis Agricultural Sustainability Institute

• Evergreen College Sustainable Agricultural Program


Photo from Evergreen State College


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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?



What is WWOOFing?




Rights?



programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?


What are

direct sales?


What is WWOOFing?




Rights?

Other (unpaid) opportunities to

learn farming


programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?



What is WWOOFing?




Rights?


What are apprentice &

internship programs?


programs?



Apprentice and Internship Programs


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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?


What are

direct sales?

What is WWOOFing?




Rights?





programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?


What is WWOOFing?



Rights?


Public policy on production,

distribution & consumption






programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?


What are

direct sales?

What is WWOOFing?


What is food policy?



Rights?





programs?



Food Policy


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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?


Rights


What are

direct sales?


What is WWOOFing?







programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?



What is WWOOFing?





Rights?


Effective tool to identify prime

farmland




programs?



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MarketStrategies


What is Zoning?


What are

direct sales?


What is WWOOFing?





Rights?

What is the Soil Survey?




programs?


Web Soil Survey


Web Soil Survey – http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda,gov

Click on Start WSS

http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda,gov/

Agricultural Soil Values


Prime Farmland

Prime Farmland, if protected from

flooding

Prime Farmland, if protected from

flooding & irrigated


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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?



What is WWOOFing?





Rights?






programs?




MarketStrategies


What is Zoning?


What are

direct sales?


What is WWOOFing?



This strategy focuses

resources



Rights?





programs?




MarketStrategies


What is zoning?



What is WWOOFing?



What is coordination, funding and

commitment?



Rights?






programs?


Vermont’s Successful Program• 1,650 parcels of land protected

• More than 500,000 acres protected

• Approximately 8% of private land protected

• 700 working farms conserved

• 15% of the prime farmland


Food for Thought

• Preservation

• Create and expand market demand

• Pay attention to succession

• Food Policy and Action Plans:

– Identify and map ‘food shed’

– Specify who, what, how ($)

• Our own actions


Reference List• American Farmland Trust, http://www.farmland.org/

• Cascade Harvest Coalition, http://www.cascadeharvest.org/

• Economic Research Service/USDA, http://www.ers.usda.gov/

• Farm to School, www.farmtoschool.org

• Gardow Consulting—Land Matters Food Matters, [email protected]

• King County Agriculture Section, www.kingcounty.gov/environment/wlr/agriculture-program.aspx

• National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service, www.attra.ncat.org

• PCC Farmland Trust, http://www.pccfarmlandtrust.org/

• Rockridge Orchards & Cidery, http://rockridgeorchards.com/

• Terry’s Berries, http://terrysberries.com/

• Vermont Land Trust, vlt.org

• WWOOF, http://wwoof.org/


http://www.farmland.org/

http://www.cascadeharvest.org/

http://www.ers.usda.gov/

http://www.farmtoschool.org/

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/wlr/agriculture-program.aspx



http://www.attra.ncat.org/

http://www.pccfarmlandtrust.org/

http://terrysberries.com/

http://wwoof.org/

Thank you


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MarketStrategies


What is zoning?

What is Current Use Taxation?



Rights?


no local food without local farmland: keeping farmland available for farming - powerpoint...

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