not - dr amy yasko - recovering autistic children and...

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Glutamate, Glutamic Acid, Glutamine, MSG Aspartate, Aspartame, Aspar4c Acid Nutra‐sweet Cysteine (NOT N‐acetyl‐cysteine) Excitotoxins So…for those of you who are not familiar with this program…what do we mean by excitotoxins…

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Page 1: NOT - Dr Amy Yasko - Recovering Autistic children and …dramyyasko.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/17-A1-Excito...Other “Names” For Excitotoxins monosodium glutamate nutrasweet

• Glutamate,GlutamicAcid,Glutamine,MSG

• Aspartate,Aspartame,Aspar4cAcid

• Nutra‐sweet

• Cysteine(NOTN‐acetyl‐cysteine)

Excitotoxins

So…forthoseofyouwhoarenotfamiliarwiththisprogram…whatdowemeanbyexcitotoxins…

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Glutaminecanbeconvertedtoglutamateplusammonia

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Other“Names”ForExcitotoxins

monosodiumglutamatenutrasweet/aspartame maltedbarelyflourglutamate hydrolyzedprotein maltextractnaturalflavor(s) hydrolyzedvegetableprotein(HVP) maltflavoring(s)naturalflavoring(s) hydrolyzedplantprotein maltedbarley/barleymaltmaltodextrin hydrolyzedoatflour maltedanythingcarrageenan hydrolyzeanything texturedproteingelaFn sodiumcaseinate guargumspice(s) calciumcaseinate soyextractseasoning(s) caseinate soyproteinseasonedsalt disodiumguanylate soyproteinconcentratedoughcondiFoner(s) disodiuminosinate soyproteinisolateyeastextract disodiumcaseinate soysauceautolyzedyeast chicken/pork/beef“flavoring” wheyproteinautolyzedyeastextract chicken/pork/beef“base” wheyproteinisolateautolyzedanything bouillon wheyproteinconcentratebroth vegetablegum kombuextractstock plantproteinextract l‐cysteinesoupbase smokeflavoring(s) ajinomoto

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Proteinsbreakdown

AminoAcids Glutamate

Aspartate

Cysteine

ProteinBreakdown

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Proteinsbreakdown

AminoAcids Glutamate

Aspartate

Cysteine

ProteinBreakdown

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GlutamateReceptorsGlutamateGlutamateisanexci4toryneurotransmiGor

• Peas

• Tomatoes

• Mushrooms

• ParmesanCheese

NaturalFoodsHighinGlutamate

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GlutamateReceptorsGlutamateGlutamateisanexci4toryneurotransmiGor

• Peas

• Tomatoes

• Mushrooms

• ParmesanCheese

NaturalFoodsHighinGlutamate

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• Sulfurcontainingaminoacidsleadtoincreasednorepinephrinerelease.

• Thiseffectappearstobemediatedvias4mula4onofglutamatereceptorsimplyinganexcitotoxinmechanism.

Note:rela4onshipbetweenexcesssulfurviaCBSupregula4onsandglutamate

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Theissueisboththeamountofglutamateaswellasthenumberofglutamatereceptors

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IncreasedNumberofGlutamateReceptors

ExcessiveGlutamate

NeurologicalInflammaFon

GlutamateReceptors

InconjuncFonwith…

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Receptorrecyclingmaygiveinaccuratemeasurementsofthenumberofglutamatereceptorsonau4s4c

braincells.

ReceptorRecycling

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GlutamateReceptors

ActualamountofmRNAforglutamatereceptorsishigherinauFsFcchildren.LevelsofmRNAin10au4sm(A=au4sm)and10control(C=control)postmortemcerebellumsampleswerecomparedusingreversetranscriptasePCR(RT‐PCR).Themeanau4smversusmeancontrolbandintensity(±SEM)issummarizedtotherightofeachRT‐PCR.TheYaxisofeachgraphrepresentsaveragenormalizedintensityofcDNAproductsignals.(A)RT‐PCRconfirma4onofalteredmRNAlevelsinau4sm.Allgenetranscriptsareincreasedinau4smpostmortemcerebellum(*p<0.05).(B)Inves4ga4onofmRNAlevelsofaddi4onalglutamate‐relatedgenes.Excitatoryaminoacidtransporter2(EAAT2)andtheAMPA‐typeglutamatereceptors2and3haveincreasedmRNAlevelsinau4sm(*p<0.05).Glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphatedehydrogenasebandintensity(right,lowerpanel)wasusedfornormaliza4onofcDNAproductineachsample.

Reference:Purcell,Neurology2001;57:1618‐1628

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Chronics4mula4onofNMDAleadsto

depressionofAMPA

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Glutamate excitotoxin opioids damageGlutamate glutathione TNFalpha leaky gutGlutamate sleepGlutamate eyecontact

Glutamate acetycholine bladdercontrac4on, strabismus

Glutamate s4ms

ConsequencesofElevatedGlutamate

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Glutamateinrela4ontoGABAlevels

Glutamate

GABA

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• Gabaisnecessaryforspeech.

• Gabacreatesthe“gap”betweenwords

GABA

wordGAPwordGAPwordGAPword

GabaandSpeech

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• Gabaisnecessaryforspeech.

• Gabacreatesthe“gap”betweenwords

GABA

wordGAPwordGAPwordGAPword

GabaandSpeech

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Gaba language/speechGaba anxiety Gaba aggressivebehaviorGaba socialbehaviorGaba eyecontact

Gaba bowelfunc4on

ConsequencesofDecreasedGaba

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Pancreas

Glutamate Gaba

Pancreas

Autoan4bodiestoGAD/rubella

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Pancreas

Glutamate Gaba

Pancreas

GADenzyme

Autoan4bodiestoGAD/rubella

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Glutamateisthegun.

Calciumisthebullet.

GlutamateCalcium

Calcium

Calcium

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GlutamateandCalcium

Glutamate calciumflowinto neurons

calciumflow nervedamage

nervedamage inflamma4on

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GlutamateandCalcium

Glutamate calciumflowinto neurons

calciumflow nervedamage

nervedamage inflamma4on

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Interac4onbetween

glutamate

and

glycine

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NutriFonIndustryExecuFve,Nov/Dec2002AndriusBaskys,MD,PhD

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polyamines

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• CalciumrequiresvitaminDandvitaminKfor

transport

• VitaminDandvitaminKarefatsolublevitamins

• LowervitaminDandlowervitaminKassociatedwith

gutabsorp4onissues

CalciumTransport

RemembervitaminKismadeinthegutbybacteriaandrequiresSAMe

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• Limi4ngcalciumwillhelplimitinflamma4on

• Magnesiumblocksthedoorforcalciumreversibly

• Zincblocksthedoorpermanently!Toomuchzincwill

s4mulateglutamateatnonNMDAglutamatereceptors.

InflammaFonandCalcium

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Whysimplybalancingglutamateandgabaalongwithotherstep1supportisenoughtotriggermetalexcre4onin

somecases

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“Intheabsenceofglutamate,neuronsareunaffectedbyacuteexposuretomercury,sugges4ngthatneuronaldysfunc4onissecondarytodisturbancesinastrocytes.”

“Coapplica4onofnontoxicconcentra4onsofMeHGandglutamateleadstothetypicalappearanceofneuronallesionsassociatedwithexcitotxins4mula4on”

Brookes,1992/MatyjaandAlbrecht,1993

IMPORTANCEOFGLUTAMATETOMETALTOXICITY

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Aluminuminterfereswith

glutamatedehydrogenase

Mercuryinhibits

glutaminesynthase