nota air & energy

8/3/2019 Nota Air & Energy

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2. OXYGEN 3. CARBON DIOXIDE1.NITROGEN - oxygen is used to - Product during:

a) Respiration b) decay a) Combustion

- most in the air because inactive c) burning (combustion) b) Respiration

- Does not burn & not support d) rusting c)Decay

combustion - oxygen need for survive - Absorbed by green plant

- oxygen set free during photosynthesis do photosynthesis

4. Water vapour, dust & microorganisms

- these things varu in air

- most microorganisms in ari are bacteria spore from fungi

Air is mixture because i) Gases in air not present in fixed amount

ii) Gases in air can be separated during burning, decay, rusting respirationTest for oxygen

- By using a glowing splint or makes a lighted splint burn brighter.

- This because oxygen only gas that support combustion but doe not burTest for carbon dioxide

- Carbon dioxide confirmed if it turns lime-water chalky

- Because gas carbon dioxide is the only gas that can turn limewater

ch chalky.

INHALED AIR AND EXHALED AIR

GAS INHALED AIR EXHALED AIR

OXYGEN 21% 16%

CARBON DIOXIDE 0.03% 4%

NITROGEN 78% 78%

The important (uses ) of gas carbon dioxide( CO2) in the air

- CO2 is use to do fizzy (carbonate) drinks e.g coca-cola

-CO2 is used to rises the cake or bread

- CO2 is used in health salts e.g ENO fruit salt

-CO2 is used to extinguisher fire

- CO2 used in store room to preserve fruit

The Important (uses) of gas in the air - CO2 is used as dry ice by cream hawkers to get low

temperature

1. OXYGEN ( O2 )

- O2 need all living thing to do respiration

- O2 produce by plant during photosynthesis

-O2 need by processa) combustion ( oxygen support combustion/burning)

b) Rusting

C) decay

-O2 stored in cylinder is used by :-

a) Mountain climbers to do respiration

b) divers

c) Fireman

d) Patients problem breathing

THE COMPOSITION OF AIR

Component of air %Nitrogen 78

Oxygen 21Carbon dioxide 0.03

Inert(rare) gas 0.97Dust, water vapour & variesmicroorganisms

Rare gas

a) Helium

inside weather balloons

b) Neon (orange light)

used in fluorescent lampc) Argon

inside filament lamp

d) Krypton (green light)

used in fluorescent lamp

e) Xenon

in camera & anaethestice)radon

Properties of oxygen and carbon dioxide

XYGEN CARBON DIOXIDE

Solubility in waterO2 is slightly soluble in water - CO2 more soluble in water

solubility in sodium hydroxide

O2 is not soluble in sodium - CO2very soluble in sodiumhydroxide hydroxide

Reaction with glowing splint

O2 support combustion - CO2 does not support combustionReaction with a lighted spint

O2 support combustion & - CO2 does not support combustion &does not burn does not burn

Reaction with limewater

O2 not react with limewater - CO2 turns lime water to chalky

Reaction with hydrogen carbonate indicatorHydrogen carbonate not change

n colour. O2 is neutral gas - CO2 turn hydrogen carbonate fromred to yellow. CO2 is an acidic gas

Reaction with damp litmus paper

Damp litmus paper not change - CO2 change litmus paper from

2 is neutral gas blue to red . CO2 acidic gas

O2 is a little denser than air - CO2 is denser than air

OXYGEN AND COMBUSTION / BURNING

- Combustion is chemical reaction which take place when asubstances (fuel) combine with oxygen

- Product combustion ( energy, water vapor & CO2 )

- Burning of hydrocarbon (e.g: kerosene, gas, candle, petrol)

produce energy, carbon dioxide and water vapour

Kerosen + Oxgyen ----- carbon dioxid + light & heat + water

(energy)CONDITION OF COMBUSTION

a) Oxygen : supply O2 to a fire.b) Fuel: petrol/diesel/gas/ candle

c) Heat : give high temperature

heat


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OXYGEN AND RESPIRATION

- Oxygen and food (glucose) in body cell to oxidising

(burning) to produce energy, carbon dioxide & water

Glucose + O2 ---- enegy + water + carbon dioxide

Dust

Causes;

- Cough, asthma, lung cancer

- Dirties thing & environment

sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide

Sources: burning of fossil fuels in

vehicles, factories % powers stationCauses: acid rain, corrode the lining

of the respiratory system, corrodehouses and properties

Lead

Sources: Burning of petrol containing

lead in vehicles and insecticides

- Causes: i) accumulates in the body

ii) damages the nervous system

Pesticides

Source: excessive pesticides used in

agriculture and fogging to kill

mosquitoesCauses: Poisonin defect unborn babi

Tabacco tar and nicotine

-Sources: cigarette smoke

Causes: can lead to lung cancer,

damage brain cell & heart.

Air Pollution

THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF AIR

POLLUTION

a) Health Problems

- Dust, harmful gases & soot causes

i) Headaches ii) Asthma iii) Bronchitis

b) Radioactice waste thrown into theenvironment causes;

i) giddiness & vomiting, infertility,

cancer and defects to unborn babies

c) Haze caused by dust & smoke causes;

i) Reduce visibility ii) increases the risk

of road accidents

d) Destruction of habitats- Acidic gases such as sulphur dioxide

and nitrogen oxide which dissolve in

water to form acid rain have destroyed

large area of forest and made ponds and

rivers unsuitable for plant and animals.

So the natural habitats are destroyed.

e) Global warming

-The earth atmosphere contains excesscarbon dioxide from factories. Carbon

dioxide traps heat radiated from the

ground and prevent it from escaping into

outer space, As a result, the earthtemperature is rising. This phenomena is

called the green houses effect or global

warming.

f) Thinning of the ozone layer

- The ozone layer in the atmosphere of

the earth protect us from the harmful

rays of the sun. As a result harmful

ultraviolet rays can causes skin cancer,

cataract and lowering of the bodys

defence system

CONTROLLING AIR POLLUTION

A) RUBBISH

- Do not allow open burning inresidential areas

B ) MOTOR VEHICLES

-Used unleaded petrol in motor vehicles

- Ensure that the engines of motor

vehicles do not give out excessiveexhaust gases and black smoke

C) CHLOROFLUOROCARBON

(CFC)

- Reduce the use CFC and other gases

which destroy the earth ozone

- Use ozone friendly gases such as

hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)

D) NUCLEAR SUBSTANCES

- store and throw radioactice wastes in

the recommended ways

- Ban nuclear tests through an

international agreement to be organized

by the United Nations.

E) REFORESTATION

-Replant forests for absorbing carbondioxide. This reduce global warming.

F) AGRICULTURE

- Advise farmers to reduce the use of

pesticides.

- Encourage farmers to use biological

control.

E) EDUCATING THE PUBLIC

- Educate members of the public to be

aware of the dangers of air pollution and

how to control them.

-

EFFECT FROM THE

CIGARETTE SMOKING

- Smoking is cause many deaths

through disease such as;

a) EMPHYSEMA

- This condition in which the air-

sacs cannot function properly. As a

result the patient is short of breath.

B) NICOTINE

- stimulate the nervous system

-damage brain tissues

- hardens blood vessels ( blood

difficult to flow.

C) TAR

- Consists of tiny black particles

-forms in the lungs as a stickyliquid.

- corrodes th lungs (acidic)

D) CARBON MONOXIDE

- Is poisonous gas

-Combines with haemoglobin in the

blood causing the body to be lack inoxygen


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ENERGY is the ability to do work.

VARIOUS TYPES OF ENERGY

a) HEAT ENERGY

- A hot object has heat energy

-An object become hotter when absorbed heat

- Heat energy flows from a place high

temperature to the place lower temperature.- Heat energy used to:-

a) to dry wet clothes b) to boil water and cook

c) to warm our bodies

b) LIGHT ENERGY

- An object gives out light possesses light energy.

Sun is primary resources of light energy

- We will not see things without light energy

reaches our eyes.

- Light energy useful:

a) Supplies energy to solar system(solar energy)

b) used in traffic light to control traffic.

c)Used by green plant to do photosynthesis

c) CHEMICAL ENERGY

- Sources of chemical energy are:

a) Food- to supply energy to living things to

carry activitiesb) Fuel- to supply energy for cooking, and for

machines and vehicles to do work.

c) Batteries-convert chemical energy to electric

energy

d)Chemical substances: eg acid/alkali

- Chemical energy from a chemical reaction mayappear in different form such as;

i) heat and light from a burning candle

ii) Sound( from a exploding fire cracker)

iii) Electricity from the battery

d)ELECTRIC ENERGY

- Produce by electric current or electric charges

- Source of electric energy include;

a) Lightning b) batteries c) Solar cell

d) Generators in power stations e) Dynamo

- Useful of electric energy

i) to light lamp ii) To heat wateriii) to operate appliances such as TV, radio,

e) SOUND ENERGY

- Produce by vibrations (getaran).

- Sound energy travels outwards through solid,

liquid and gases but cannot travel by vacuum

- Sources of energy include:

i) thunder ii) horns iii) musical instrument

iv) Voice from animal and humanv) Giving warning such as ambulances and

police car.

f) KINETIC ENERGY

- Any object is moving possesses kinetic energy.

- Object have kinetic energy include:

i) wind ii) waves iii) a spinning fan iv) an aeropla

flight

- Kinetic energy is useful

i)to turn turbines and dynamos in the river to generate

electricity

ii) Kinetic energy in the wind is used for sailing ships

g) POTENTIAL ENERGY

- The object possesses potential energy when the obje

i) Higher position. Eg in the top of mountain

ii) Its condition examples the object can

a) Compressed such as span, balloon

b) Stretched such as rubber band, springsc) Can bent such as metal, plastic ruler

h) NUCLEAR ENERGY

- Nuclear energy stored in the nucleus of an atom

-Nuclear energy is released in the form of ;

i) Light energy ii) Heat energy iii) sound energy- Nuclear useful for:

i) used to power submarines

ii to turn generators in power stations to produce elec

Energy form the sun

* energy in wind, waves and rain

* energy in fossil fuel( petroleum, coal & natural gas

*energy in plant, animals and human beings

*energy for operating appliances e.g solar,calculators and solar cookers


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RENEWABLE SOURCES: - are energy sources which cannot be used up.

solar ( sun) g) Nuclearwindwaves/tidals h) Fossil fuel

hydro

geothermalBiomass

Sources

of energy

a) Energy cannot be created or destroyed

b) Energy can be changed from one form to

another.

THE PRINCIPLEOF ENERGY

CONSERVATIO

N

SOURCES OF

ENERGY


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- can be replenished after they have been used

- they are always available

NON- RENEWABLE SOURCE - are energy sources which will be used up one day

- cannot be replenished after use

- The formation of a non-renewable energy sourcetakes a very long time

2. Fill in the blanks below to understand the importance of conserving energy.


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(i) Energy cannot be __________________ or ________________.

This is known as the principle of the Conservation of Energy.(ii) Energy can be ____________________ from one form to another.

(iii) We use energy to do ____________________________________.

(iv) Every time energy is used, a part of the energy is _____________

as _______________________.

(v) Non-renewable energy sources are being _____________ because

of continuous energy use.

(vi) We have to ____________________ energy sources to make them

available for a long time.

2. Figure 2 shows four sources of energy that found in region X.

(a) Name sources of energy labelled A, B, C and D in the figure 2.

A_________________________ B________________________

C_________________________ D________________________

(b) Which type of energy sources in the figure above are ....

(i) non-renewable ?_________________________________________________

(ii) renewable ?____________________________________________________

(c) (i) What is the energy source C made up of ?_______________________________________________________________

(ii) State the method that commonly is used to obtain source C ?_______________________________________________________________

(d) Which type of energy source is considered as the primary source of energy on the

earth?__________________________________________________________________


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. 3 Figure 3 shows a solar panel

(a) What source of energy is used by the solar panel ?

_________________________________________________________________

(b) State two uses of the solar panel :

i)_________________________________________________________________

ii)_________________________________________________________________

c) State the energy change in a solar panel ?

_________________________________________________________________

(d) Give an advantage of using a solar panel

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

4. Figure 6 shows a durian is falling down from a tree

(a) What from of energy does the durian have in each of following position ?

P : ______________________________________________________________

Q : ______________________________________________________________

(b) As the durian falls to the ground, what forms of energy are..

i. increasing ?

_______________________________________________________________

ii. decreasing ?

_______________________________________________________________


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Boiling water

Providing hot shower

Starting chemical processes

Incubating eggs

Providing warmthProducing steam to

HEAT TEMPERATURE

* is the total amount of

energy of a substances

* is the degree of hotness or coldness of

substances

* is measured in Joule (J) * is measured in kelvin (K)

1 . Figure 1 shows the experiment to investigate the difference between heat and

HEAT

- Heat is form of energy

- Can travel through a

vacuum

- Causes the things hot

- Moves from a hot placeto the a cooler place

- Measured in Joules (J)

- Causes the metal

expand- Can causes a change of

state . Examples ice to

melt and water boil

when absorbed heat

Heat

from

kinetic

energy

-Rubbing

ourhands

together

produce

heat.This

because

dueto

friction

between

the

hands.

Heat from electric energy

- Heat produce whenever electric energy

passes through a wire- Exp: electric iron, toaster, lamp lightehd

Heat form

sound

Energy.

- Heat produce

when soundenergy such as

aloud noise, is

absorbed by the

wall of a room

Heat from

solar

- Solar energy

is converted toheat. Solar

cells used toproduce

electrical

energy

EXAMPLES

OF THE USES

OF HEAT IN

OUR DAILY

LIFE

WAY TO PRODUCE HEAT

Heat from chemical energy

a)From fuel burns

Carbon + oxygen --- co2

+ heat+ light

b) Heat produce during respiration

-Glucose + oxygen ----- CO2

+ water +

energy

The differences between heat and tem erature

TEMPERATURE

- Temperature is degree of hotness or coldness of

an object

- The temperature of an object rises when heat is

added to it, but falls when heat is removed from it- The SI unit is Kelvin. Other unit is Celsius and

Fehrenhite

HEAT FLOWS IN THREE DIFFERENT WAYS

CODUCTION OF HEAT

-Conduction is heat transfer (move )

from hot place to cold place in the

metal rod

- Conduction occurs in solid mater and

this solid is good conductor of heat

hot metal rod cold

particles particlesvibrate vibrate

more heat flow less

heat

- When the hot end of a metal rod is

heated, the particles (atom) receive

more energy and vibrate faster.- The more active vibrating particles

knock their neighbours. In this way

the stronger vibration are passed

along the metal rod. So heat transfer

along the metal rod

CONVECTION OF HEAT

-Convection is heat transfer (move)

through fluid by the movement of the

fluid particles.

- Convection occurs in fluid mater.

When the warm air

has cooled down, it

moves to the bottom

and is warmed again

warm air rises,

carrying heat with

heat

cool air moves in

-When a fluid (liquid or gas) is heated,

it expand an become less dense.

- The heated fluid rises and cooler

fluid flows in to take its place. As

result, a convection current is set up inthe fluid.

- Heat is carried upwards by the liquid

or gas when they moves upwards

RADIATION OF HEAT

- Radiation is transfer of heat energy

in the form of electromagnetic waves

without using a medium

-All hot objects, for example; a lighted

candle, a cup of hot coffee and even

our body give out heat energy by

radiation.

lightedAir bub

thermometer

- When a thermometer is placed below

a lighted bulb, the thermometer

registers a rise in temperature,

showing that heat from the bulb has

eached it.

- Heat has moved from lighted bulb to

the thermometer by process radiation


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temperature.

(a) State the hypothesis for this experiment.

_________________________________________________________________(b) State the variables involved in this experiment.

Manipulatedvariable

Responding

variable

Controlled

variable

(c)i. In which beaker will the water show a higher rises in temperature?

_________________________________________________________________

ii. Give one reason for your answer in (c)i.

_______________________________________________________________

(d) What is the relationship between the heat content and the temperature in an

object?_________________________________________________________________

(e) What conclusion can be made for this experiment?

_________________________________________________________________

2. Using the words given, fill in the blanks with the correct answer.


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(i) Heat flows through a medium in three different ways. _____________ ,convection and ____________________.

(ii)Different solids conduct heat at different rates. Solids that conduct heat wellare called _______________Those that do not conduct heat well are called __

(iii) ______________ is the process of heat transfer through liquids and gases.

(iv)Heat can flow through a ______________________ by radiation.(v)Breezes occur as a result of convection currents. At night, the breeze that blows is

known as __________________breeze.

(vi) In the day, the breeze that blows is known as ____________breeze.(vii) When a gas is heated, the hot gas ____________ and becomes less______

3. Figure 2 shows experiments P and Q to investigate the transfer of heat through aliquid and a gas.

Figure 2

(a) Explain how is heat transferred in both experiments.P: ___________________________________________________

Q: ___________________________________________________

(b) What is the purpose of using the glowing splinter in experiment Q?

______________________________________________________

4 Figure 3 shows an electric kettle that is produced based on the principle of heat

transfer.


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a) Briefly explain how X functions in the electric kettle.

_____________________________________________________________

b) How does the process of convection occur in liquid?_______________________________________________________________

c) Explain how the convection current helps us in boiling water.

_________________________________________________________________

5 Four identical tins are filled with equal volumes of water of the same

temperature. The tins are set up as shown in figure 4

a)The tins have covers made of two types of surface, black surface and shiny surface.

Describe how these two types of surfaces absorb heat.

_________________________________________________________________

(b)The tins rest on sheets of copper and wood.

(i) Which type of sheet is a good insulator ?

________________________________________________(ii)Which type of sheet is a good conductor?

________________________________________________

(c) In which tin is the temperature of the water at its

(i) lowest ?

________________________________________________________

(ii) highest?

________________________________________________________


12/21

- Heat can change matter from one state to another.- A change of state of matter involves absorption and release of heat

Absorption absorption

Release release

Solid Liquid Gas

The Physical processes that are involved in the change of state of matter

THE EFFECT OF HEAT ON THE STATE OF MATTER

APPLICATION OF EXPANSION AND

CONTRACTION OF MATTER

1. Mercury thermometers

- On hot day, the mercury expands and rises in the

capillary tube, showing a rise in temperature.- When it is cold, the mercury contracts and falls in

the capillary tube showing a fall in temperature.

2. Thermostat in an electric iron

- Thermostat are used in electric irons, kettles,

refrigerators, ovens and air-conditioners

- When the temperature of an electric iron in use

gets too hot, the brass on the bimetallic strip

expands more than the iron. This causes the

bimetallic strip to bend upwards and break thecircuit.

- When the electric iron cools, the bimetallic strips

returns to its former osition and closes the circuit.

3. Telegraph wires

- Telegraph wires are put up so that they sag on a hot day.

This allows the wires to contract at night when it is cold

4. Fire- alarms

- Below show an automatic fire alarm an electric circuit.- In case of fire, the temperature in the room rise, the brass on the

bimetallic strip expand more than the iron, causing the strip to bendtowards the metal contact.

- The circuit of the fire-alarm is closed and the alarm bell rings,

warning people of the fire.


13/21

1 Figure 1 shows a simple moel of a fire alarm system built by Muthu to study the

principle of expansion and contraction of metals.

Figure 1

(a) Identify metal X and Y shown in the figure above.

___________________________________________________________

(b) i. Why is a bimetallic strip used in this experiment?

_______________________________________________________

ii Why does the bimetallic strip bend towards the contact screw when

there is a fire?

________________________________________________________

_(c) Clearly explain how the fire alarm system work.

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________(d) After testing the fire alarm system, Muthu realises that the model does

not function. Give two reasons for the failure of fire alarm system.

i. _____________________________________________

ii. _______________________________________________________


14/21

- A conductor is a material that allows heat through it easily

- A good conductor becomes hot or cold easily- Examples of good conductors : mercury, silver, copper, aluminium, zinc, iron, lead

- uses of heat conductors in daily life:

a) cooking utensils f) Refrigerators have copper pipes for b) wire gauze carrying the cooling agent. The pipes

c) Soldering iron remove heat from the agent

d) car radiatorse) Fins on motor cycle engines

- Insulators also called poor conductors of heat, conduct heat much more slowly- Generally, non-metals are good insulators

- A vacuum is the best insulators

- examples of good insulators: cork, air, water, glass, cotton, asbestos, plastic and

polystyrene-Uses of insulators in daily life:

a) Handles of pots and pansb) Styrofoam to prevent ice from melting. Styrofoam prevent heat from going into

container,

c) Saw dust. Ice cover with saw dust to prevent heat from melting quickly

d) Blanket trap air among its fur and also air between it and the body.e) Fiber glass is placed in refrigerators and ovens to prevent heat transfer

f) Igloos to prevent warmth in the igloo from escaping to the air outside it

ABSORPTION , RADIATION AND REFLECTION

1. All objects can absorb, radiate(release heat by radiation) and reflect heat

2. A black, dull object absorbs heatbetter than a white, shiny object

3. A black, dull object radiates heat better than white, shiny object

4. A white, shiny object reflects heatbetter than a black, dull object

C

O

ND

U

CT

O

R

IN

S

U

LA

TO

R

S

Nature of

object

White & shiny

Heat

absorption

Heat

radiation

Heat reflection

Good Good Bad

Bad Bad Good

Black &dull


15/21

1.An experiment was set up as shown in the figure above.

(i) What is the aim of the experiment?

______________________________________________________ii) What is the variable that responds?

______________________________________________________

(iii) Which thumbtack falls first?

_____________________________________________________(iv) What conclusion can you make from this experiment?

______________________________________________________

v) What kind of object is a good

(a) radiator of heat? _____________________________

(b) reflector of heat? _____________________________

(vi)Food in which pot, a shiny one or a black one, can be cooked faster? Why?

______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

2. thermometer

hot water

beaker A beaker B

painted black painted with shiny paint

a) What are the;

i) Constant variable:_________________________________________________________

ii)Manipulated variable:_______________________________________________________

iii) Responding variable:_______________________________________________________

b) what will happen to the hot water in the beakers after a while ?

_______________________________________________________________________________

c) What is the thermometer reading in A compared with B after a while. Explain.


16/21

ATOM: An atom is the smallest particle in matter. Atom similar to one another.

Examples: all copper atoms are similar to one another.

MOLECULE: Is particle of matter made up two or more atoms. A Molecule may be made up of two ormore atoms of the same kind.

A molecule of nitrogen has to atom nitrogen

Molecule can consists of two or more different atom.

A molecule of water has two atom hydrogen and one atom oxygen

ELEMENT

- An element are substance made up of one types of atom only.

- An Element is the simplest substance. It cannot be broken down by common chemical reaction.

- An element may formed by atoms or molecule of similar atoms.

- Examples: A) Iron is an element formed by atoms of ironB) Oxygen is an element formed by oxygen molecule, each molecule consisting of two oxygen atom

COMPOUND

- A Compound is a substance which consists of two or more elements chemically combined together

molecule of ammonia molecule carbon

- Compound can be made in the following

ways:

a) By burning an element in air

Magnesium oxide is produced when magnesium is burnt in air.

Magnesium + oxygen (air) magnesium oxide

b) By heating two elements

Copper sulphide is formed when a copper powder and sulphur is heated

Copper + sulpher heated copper sulphide

c) By reacting a suitable element with water

Sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen

- A compound can be separated in chemically method . examples ELECTROLYSIS

- From experiment to break down copper chloride., copper will deposit on negative rod and chlorine in

positive rod

compound Elements present

ater Hydrogen and oxygen

Ammonia Nitrogen and hydrogen

Sodium chloride Sodium and chlorine

Copper sulphate Copper, sulphur and oxygen

ANALYSING COMPOUND, ELEMENT AND MIXTURE

N N

o

HH


17/21

2

An experiment was conducted to separate the mixtures as shown in the figure above.

The following steps were carried out:

Step 1 : 50 ml of water was added to 25 ml of oil in beakerX.

Step 2 : 50 ml of water was added to 25 ml of methanol in beakerY

Step 3 : Each mixture was poured into a separating funnel in order to separate the constituents.

One mixture was successfully separated whereas the other was not.Step 4 :The remaining mixture was poured into a fractional distillation apparatus in order to

separate the constituents.

(a) Describe the appearance of the mixture in

(i) beakerX__________________________________________________________________

(ii) beaker y_________________________________________________

(b) Name the variable that is

(i) kept constant___________________________________________________________

(ii) manipulated__________________________________________________________

(c) The mixture in which beaker was separated:

(i) by a separating funnel_____________________________________________________

(ii) by fractional distillation?______________________________________________

(d) Explain the results in (c).

________________________________________________________________________

(e) During fractional distillation, what is the temperature when the water is distilled out?

________________________________________________________________________

2 Figure above contains sawdust and sugar solution

a) Name a substance is a mixture or compound___________________________________

b) What method that you can use to separate the sawdust and the sugar solution

_________________________________________________________________________

c) suggest one method to obtain sugar from sugar solution

________________________________________________________________________

sawdust sugar solution


18/21

* silver * mercury * carbon * Bromine * Hydrogen

* iron * Phosphours * Oxygen

*lead * silicon * Helium

Answer all the questions.

METAL AND NON METAL

ELEMENT

NON METAL

solid

METAL

gasliquidsolidliquid

The Properties of Metal and Non Metal

Metal Differences

shiny

Non metal

Ductile can bent and

stretched

Not ductile (cannot be bent

or stretched

DullAppearance

Good conductor of heat

Good conductor of

electricity

Bad conductor of heat

Ductility

Bad conductor of electricity

except forcarbon

Heat conductor

Electricityconductivity

vi

High melting point Low melting Point

Malleable (can be

flattenedNot malleable (cannot beflattened

Melting Point

Malleability


19/21

Section A

1 (a) How are metals and non-metals different from the following aspects?

(i) electrical conductivity

________________________________________________________________

ii) malleability

________________________________________________________________

iii) surface appearance

________________________________________________________________

(iv) melting points

________________________________________________________________

(b) Classify the following as metals or non-metals corrects.

copper Zinc mercury carbon

silicon Sodium Sulphur naphthalene

Metal Non-metal

EXERCISE

1. what is density:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. What unit of density------------------------------------------------------------------------------

3. Name two factor that influence the density of a substances

i)---------------------------------------- ii)--------------------------------------------------------

4What the density of water-------------------------------------------------------------------------

5 If the density of stone is 4g/cm and the mass is 40g, find its the volume

6. The mass of a substances is 400g. Its volume 200cm. Find its density.

7. State why some object float in the water ?------------------------------------------------------


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8. What is ;

a) Mixture:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

b) Compound----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

c) Element-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

9 Draw the particle of mixture, compound and element in the boxes provided.

Element Compound Mixture

10. State 3 differentiate between compound and mixture

mixture compound

11 What is renewable energy----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

12 Give 5 examples of renewable energy i)------------------------------------

ii)-------------------------------------

iii)------------------------------------------ iv)--------------------------------------v)_________________________

13. What is non renewable energy----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

14. List 3 examples of non renewable energy: i)_________________ ii)----------------------iii)-----------------

15. State 3 ways to use and manage energy source to avoid wastage of energy

i)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ii)--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

iii)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


21/21

16.Suggest two reason what is the important of conserving energy sources

nota air & energy

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