notite de curs 9
TRANSCRIPT
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ENERGIE EOLIANA
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Ce este energia eoliana?
Energie regenerabila generata dinputerea vântului.
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Primele utilizri ale energiei vântului
Pe apa:
Egipt secolul IV I. Hr.
Pe uscat:
Persia sec. VII primele mori de vânt
Dezvoltarea tehnologiei: anul 1973, prima criza mondiala a
petrolului
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Puterea eoliana instalata si prezisa la nivel mondial, MW
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Pu
o
n
ns
sp
zs
n
mond
,M
7475 966313696
1803924320
31164
39290
47686
59004
73904
90000
109000
132000
160000
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Distribuia puterii instalate eoliene la nivel mondial
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Tara
Puterea
eoliana
instalata,MW
Pondere la
nivel
mondial,%
Companie
Pondere pe
piata
eoliana,%
Germania 20622 27,9 Vestas,
Danemarca
27,4
Spania 11615 15,7 Gamesa,
Spania
15,5
SUA 11603 15,7 GE Wind,
SUA
15,3
India 6270 8,5 Enercon,
Germania
14,5
Danemarca 3136 4,2 Suzlon, India 7,5
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Cla ificare turbine eoliene
1. Dup putere:
- Putere mica (<10kW);
- Putere medie (10- 0KW);
- Putere mare (> 0kW);
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2. Dup axa de rotaieCu axa de rotaie verticala (VAWT)
Cu axa de rotaie orizontala(HAWT)
VAWT HAWT
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3. Dupa amplasare:
� pe uscat (onshore);
� pe mare (offshore);
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Pari componente ale unei turbine
1. Pale - Forma si concepialor este eseniala pentru aasigura fora de rotaienecesara. Acest design estepropriu fiecrui tip de
generator electric. 2. N acela - Conine
generatorul electric asigurândsi o protecie mecanica
3. Pilon - Asigura structura de
susinere si rezistenta aansamblului superior
4. Fu ndaie - Asigurarezistenta mecanica a
generatorului eolian
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Cum funcioneaz o turbina eoliana?
Sistemul se bazeaza pe unprincipiu simplu. Vantul punein miscare palele care larandul lor actioneazageneratorul electric. Sistemul
mecanic are in componenta siun multiplicator de viteza careactioneza direct axul central algeneratorului electric.
Curentul electric obtinut este,fie transmis spre imagazinarein baterii si folosit apoi cu
ajutorul unui invertor DC-AC incazul turbinelor de micacapacitate , fie livrat directretelei de curent alternativ (AC)spre distribuitori.
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Variante con tructive de HA T
a). Cu o pala b). Cu doua pale c). Cu trei pale d). Cu multe pale
e). Cu mai multe
rotoare
f). Cu doua
rotoare
g). Cu rotor in fata
turnului si girueta
h). Cu rotor in spatele
turnului cu autoreglare
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O turbin de putere medie 00 kW are un rotor cu diametrul de 3- metri,
adic o suprafa de 1.600 metri ptrai
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Variante con tructive de VA T
a). Savoius b). Darrieus c). Evence d). Combinata
Darrieus-Savonius
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Variante constructive VAWT
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Energia Eoliana in Romania
potenial de 17%
podisul CentralMoldovenesc si Dobrogea,
zone care îndeplinesccondiiile pentru instalareaagregatelor eoliene (vitezamedie a vântului m/s,nivel standard de 10 m
deasupra solului)
Turbina eoliana Tihuta
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In 2006 capacitatea fermelor eoliene a fost 3MW
In 2007 capacitatea fermelor eoliene 10MW
In 2009 au fost instalate 2 ferme eoliene inDobrogea (CEZ Fantanele Wind Farm, Tomis TeamD
obrogea Wind Farm) cu capacitatea de1200
MW
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Principalele proiecte de ferme eoliene de dinRomânia:
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Avantaje:
Emi ia ero de ub tane poluante i ga e cu efectde er
Lip a totala a deeurilor
Co turi redu e pe unitatea de energie produ a
95% din terenul alocat unei ferme de centrale eolienepoate fi folo it i în alte copuri
De avantaje: Re ur a energetica relativ limitata i incon tanta
(variaia vântului numr redu de ampla amente) Influenta a upra eco i temelor (poluare vi uala
fonica)
Ri cul de di trugere in ca ul furtunilor
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Proiecte îndrznee
In Londra urmeaz sa fie construit un zgârie-nori cu 7 de etaje, dotat cu 3 turbine de vânt
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Arhitectura Dinamca ± David Fisher
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Lampadarul pe ba a de energie eoliana
Caracteristici:- viteza a vântului de2 m/s
- autonomie pt. -zile
- comoditate
- posibilitatea utilizrii
led-urilor - silenioase - aprox12 decibeli
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Si teme eoliene implementate
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Vehicul eolian
Caracteristici:- 0-96 km/h in mai puin de sec- viteza maxima 250 km/h
Pre: 100.000 lire sterline