nov. 9-11, 2004, las vegas, usa8th oecd/nea information exchange meeting on p&t1 r&d...

Nov. 9-11, 2004, Las Vegas, USA 8th OECD/NEA Information Exchange Meeting on P&T 1

R&D ACTIVITIES ON ACCELERATOR-DRIVEN TRANSMUTATION SYSTEM IN JAERI

Hiroyuki Oigawa, Kazufumi Tsujimoto,Kenji Kikuchi, Yuji Kurata, Toshinobu Sasa, Makoto Umeno, Shigeru Saito, Kenji Nishihara, Motoharu Mizumoto, Hideki Takano, and Nobuo Ouchi


Contents

Design Study of ADS

R&D on Accelerator

R&D on Pb-Bi (LBE) Spallation Target and Coolant

R&D on Subcritical Reactor Physics

Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) in J-PARC Project Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility (TEF-P) ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T)

Part of this work was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) as one of the R&D programs for innovative nuclear systems.


JAERI’s Reference ADS

Primary pumpSteam generator

Proton beam

Inner barrelBeam duct

Beam windowReactor vesselCore barrel

Guard vessel

Core support structure

13.5m

11.8m

• Proton beam : 1.5GeV• Spallation target : Pb-Bi• Coolant : Pb-Bi

• Max. keff = 0.97

• Thermal output : 800MWt• MA initial inventory : 2.5t• Fuel composition :

(MA +Pu)Nitride + ZrN

Initial loading:

Zone-1: Pu/HM=30.0%

Zone-2: Pu/HM=48.5%• Transmutation rate :

10%MA / Year• 600EFPD, 1 batch

• Proton beam : 1.5GeV• Spallation target : Pb-Bi• Coolant : Pb-Bi

• Max. keff = 0.97

• Thermal output : 800MWt• MA initial inventory : 2.5t• Fuel composition :

(MA +Pu)Nitride + ZrN

Initial loading:

Zone-1: Pu/HM=30.0%

Zone-2: Pu/HM=48.5%• Transmutation rate :

10%MA / Year• 600EFPD, 1 batch


Outline of the R&D Activities

3-year Program: Funded by MEXT for 2002-2004. Including SC-LINAC, LBE, and Reactor Design for Future Plant.

J-PARC: Phase-1 Accelerator is being constructed. TEF is in Phase-2 (after completion of Phase-1)

3-year Program3-year ProgramR&D for Future ADS without Proton Beam

J-PARCJ-PARCExperimental Program

using Proton Beam

Experimental ADS and Commercial Plant

Feasibility Assessment International

CollaborationCollaboration

in Japan


Development of Superconducting LINACDevelopment of Superconducting LINAC

Development of Pb-Bi Target/CoolantDevelopment of Pb-Bi Target/Coolant

Development of Subcritical ReactorDevelopment of Subcritical Reactor

High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)

Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd.

Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co. Ltd.

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation

Tohoku University

Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute (JNC)

Hokkaido University

Tokyo Institute of Technology

Nagoya University

Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute

Collaboration in Japan


Design Study : Neutronics

0.94

0.95

0.96

0.97

0.98

0.99

1.00

0

5

10

15

20

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Effe

ctiv

e m

ultip

licat

ion

fact

or :

kef

fB

eam current (m

A)

Operation time (EFPD)

Beam current

keff

Keff: 0.97 – 0.94 Maximum beam : 1.5 GeV x 18 mA = 27 MW

In this study, 30MW is adopted, though 20MW will be sufficient in the equilibrium cycle.

Keff: 0.97 – 0.94 Maximum beam : 1.5 GeV x 18 mA = 27 MW

In this study, 30MW is adopted, though 20MW will be sufficient in the equilibrium cycle.


Design Study : Thermal-hydraulics(1) Spallation Target and Core Coolant

(2700)

1890

3390

1000

6450

1030

1390

9050

5250

1800

2000

ビーム導入管

ビーム保護管

　内筒

13700

(285)

4610φ

(2700)

1890

3390

1000

6450

1030

1390

9050

5250

1800

2000

ビーム導入管

ビーム保護管

　内筒

13700

(285)

4610φ

Core barrelCore regionReflector

Support structure

Coolant flow

Beam windowBeam ductProton beam

Target region

Beam duct support

Partition wallFlow control nozzle

Partition wall

Flow control nozzle

Optimization of design parameters:

Inlet temp. : 300 ºC

Beam duct : 45cm

Partition wall

Flow control nozzle

Optimization of design parameters:

Inlet temp. : 300 ºC

Beam duct : 45cm

30 MW proton beam with 1.5 GeV causes heat deposition of 15.7MW.

30 MW proton beam with 1.5 GeV causes heat deposition of 15.7MW.


Design Study : Thermal-hydraulics (2) Analytical Results for Beam Window

(unit: Kelvin)

450oC

470oC

490oCOuter surfacetemperature

of beam window

(unit: m/s)

1.8m/s

0.2m/s

2.0m/s

• Maximum temperature of outer surface : 490 ºC • Flow control nozzle cools the bottom of the beam window effectively.

• Maximum temperature of outer surface : 490 ºC • Flow control nozzle cools the bottom of the beam window effectively.

Flow speed Temperature


R&D on Accelerator : SC-LINAC

972 MHz Cryomodule

9-cell , (=0.725)He vessel : Ti (2K)Maximum surface electric field > 30 MV/m

Installed Cryomodule

Superconducting Cavity

Vacuum vessel

Liquid He vessel

Superconducting cavity (9-cell)

RF power coupler

4m

1.2m

　


R&D on Accelerator : J-PARC(1) Site Plan

Transmutation Experimental Facility

3 GeV SynchrotronMaterial and LifeScience Facility

Nuclear Physics Facility

50 GeV Synchrotron(1500mL)

Neutrino Facility

500m

LINAC (350mL) Phase-1: 400 MeV Phase-2: 600 MeV

J-PARC : Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex

Construction of Phase-1 : 2001-2007 (except for some parts)

Transmutation Experimental Facility and 600 MeV LINAC are in Phase-2.


R&D on Accelerator : J-PARC(2) Status of Construction

11February, 2004

Feb. 2004


Sep. 2003April 2004Sep, 2004

R&D on Accelerator : J-PARC(3) LINAC Building


R&D on Accelerator : J-PARC(4) LINAC Beam Test

Beam test is under way at KEK/Tsukuba up to 20 MeV, 30mA.

It will be moved to JAERI/Tokai 2005.

Drift Tube LINAC( < 60 MeV)

RFQ ( < 3 MeV)


R&D on LBE : Corrosion(1) Static Test

Ferrite : Corrosion film depends on the Cr content.

5%Si –added steel exhibited fine corrosion resistance.

JPCA

Si-added steel

Co

rro

sio

n D

epth

(m

)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 5 10 15 20

FerriteAusteniteSi-added

Cr(wt%)

550 ºC, 3000 hr.Oxygen - saturated

20m

20m


R&D on LBE : Corrosion(2) Loop Test

F82H (martensitic) and JPCA (austenitic) are being tested as candidate materials for beam window.

F82H (martensitic) and JPCA (austenitic) are being tested as candidate materials for beam window.

Expansion Tank

EM Pump

Test Section

Drain Tank

Air Cooler

JAERI Pb-Bi Loop-1 (JLBL-1) Flow rate : 5L/min. Temperature : 450ºC

MES Pb-Bi Loop Flow rate : 5L/min. Temperature : 500ºC

3000 hr. continuous operations were successfully completed.Test tubes were analyzed.

3000 hr. continuous operations were successfully completed.Test tubes were analyzed.


R&D on LBE : Thermal-hydraulics at Beam Window

Heat transfer characteristics are being measured by changing flow rate (100-500 L/min.) and inlet temperature (330-430ºC) parametrically.

Heat transfer characteristics are being measured by changing flow rate (100-500 L/min.) and inlet temperature (330-430ºC) parametrically.

Block diagram

LBE Loop for Beam Window

LBE at Overflow Section

Circulation Pump

Flow Meter

Perforated Plate

Test VesselM

Fl

Heater


R&D on LBE : Behavior of Radioactive Impurity

Production rate of Polonium (Po) in Pb-Bi was measured by irradiating Pb-Bi in JMTR. No large discrepancy was observed between the calculation and the measurement.

Evaporation rates of Tellurium (Te) from Pb-Bi were measured as a function of temperature to verify the experimental method.

Using the irradiated Pb-Bi, evaporation rates of Po is being measured.

Production rate of Polonium (Po) in Pb-Bi was measured by irradiating Pb-Bi in JMTR. No large discrepancy was observed between the calculation and the measurement.

Evaporation rates of Tellurium (Te) from Pb-Bi were measured as a function of temperature to verify the experimental method.

Using the irradiated Pb-Bi, evaporation rates of Po is being measured.

HeaterHeater

Ar gas

Sampling

Irradiated Pb-Bi

Po

HeaterTranspiration method

Pb-Bi irradiation capsule


R&D on Subcritical Reactor Physics :

Uncertainty of reactor physics parameters are estimated by the sensitivity of nuclear data calculated by SAGEP code and the error files evaluated for JENDL-3.3. Preliminary analysis showed that the capture reaction of Am-241 has significant effect on k-eff.

Uncertainty of reactor physics parameters are estimated by the sensitivity of nuclear data calculated by SAGEP code and the error files evaluated for JENDL-3.3. Preliminary analysis showed that the capture reaction of Am-241 has significant effect on k-eff.

Fission CaptureNp-237 0.21% 0.25%Pu-239 0.25% 0.07%Pu-240 0.02% 0.03%Pu-241 0.04% 0.02%Am-241 0.14% 0.57%Am-243 0.07% 0.23%

Total 0.76%

Estimated uncertainty on k-eff of BOC of initial cycle

-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Np-237Pu-238Pu-239Pu-240Pu-241Am-241

Am-242mAm-243Cm-244

ZrN-15

FePbBi

Sensitivity Coefficient

C FC

C

C

F

FF

F

F

F

F

C

C

C

C

C

E

E

E

II

I

C

Capture (C)Fission (F)Elastic scattering (E)Inelastic scattering (I)

Isotopes

I

(a) Beginning of 1st. cycle

-0.1 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Np-237Pu-238Pu-239Pu-240Pu-241Am-241

Am-242mAm-243Cm-244

ZrN-15

FePbBi

Sensitivity Coefficient

C FC

C

C

F

FF

F

F

F

F

C

C

C

C

C

E

E

E

II

I

C

Capture (C)Fission (F)Elastic scattering (E)Inelastic scattering (I)

Isotopes

I

(a) Beginning of 1st. cycleSensitivity of Nuclear Data to k-eff at the beginning of initial cycle


ADS Target Test Facility : TEF-T

ADS Target Test Facility : TEF-T

Critical Assembly

Pb-Bi TargetShield

200kW

10W

Laser Charge Exchange

Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility : TEF-P

Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility : TEF-P

Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF)


Proton beam

Fixed half assembly

Movable half assembly

Fuel loading machineMovable shield

Core

Safety/control rod drive mechanism

Max. power : ~ 500W, Max beam : ~10 W (~1012n/s)Experiments in critical state can also be performed.

Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility (TEF-P) :


Liquid Target is contained in sealed-tube

Primary circuit devices are completely isolated

Safe and quick replacement is possible.

Material database can be established by changing irradiation conditions such as temperature, flow rates, beam intensity, oxygen concentration, etc.

Liquid Target is contained in sealed-tube

Primary circuit devices are completely isolated

Safe and quick replacement is possible.

Material database can be established by changing irradiation conditions such as temperature, flow rates, beam intensity, oxygen concentration, etc.

Irradiation samples

Protons

Target room

EM pump

EM flowmeter

Heat exchanger

He

Pb-Bi

ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T):Double-annular Type Pb-Bi Target


Check and Review (C&R) by Atomic Energy Commission will be necessary to start TEF.

Safety review is necessary for TEF-P before the construction and the manufacturing because it is a nuclear reactor facility.

R&Ds for TEF:TEF-P: Instrumentation, Laser charge exchangeTEF-T: Pb-Bi technology, Material irradiation effect

Fiscal Year2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Milestone

J-PA

RC

LINAC

TEF

180MeV 400MeV

600MeV

▼Establishment of New Organization

C&R C&R▼Licensing of TEF-P

Construction Commissioning

Safety reviewTEF-P

TEF-TR&D, Design

Expected Schedule of TEF (Preliminary)


Summary

Wide range of R&D activities on ADS for transmutation are in progress. Design Study of ADS (Neutronics, Thermal-hydraulics, Structure) Accelerator (SC-LINAC, J-PARC Project) Pb-Bi (LBE) (Corrosion, Thermal-hydraulics of Beam Window, Po) Subcritical Reactor Physics

Transmutation Experimental Facility (TEF) in J-PARC Project Transmutation Physics Experimental Facility (TEF-P) ADS Target Test Facility (TEF-T)

To initiate TEF project, supports from foreign colleagues are greatly appreciated.

nov. 9-11, 2004, las vegas, usa8th oecd/nea information exchange meeting on p&t1 r&d...

Documents