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Implikacije pristupa
Hrvatske Evropskoj unijina Bosnu i Hercegovinu
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Sadraj
Miroslav ivanovi: Uvod ili stabilno nestabilna Bosna i Hercegovina! .............................................. 2
Mujo Hadi: "Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? Nauene lekcije Implikacije ulaska Republike
Hrvatske u EU Institucionalni mehanizmi zatite ljudskih prava"........................................................ 6
Tijana Cvjetianin: Having an EU neighbour: How does it affect human rights in Bosnia and
Herzegovina? ....................................................................................................................................... 19
Nedim Hogi: Zaokret ili jedno te isto - Politika Republike Hrvatske prema BiH ............................. 39
Anes Makul: Inicijativa za poseban kandidatski status BiH - Realnost bez reformi? ........................ 44
Igor Gavran: Analiza ekonomskih efekata pristupanja Republike Hrvatske EU na BiH u prvih godinu
dana ...................................................................................................................................................... 50
Erol Mujanovi: Ekonomske implikacije pristupa Hrvatske u EU na BiH......................................... 60
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Miroslav ivanovi: Uvod ili stabilno nestabilna Bosna i Hercegovina!
Hrvatska u Evropskoj Uniji, a Bosna i Hercegovina na novoj evropskoj granici, injenice su koje, spravom, stvaraju potrebu analize (ne)oekivanih uticaja na bosanskohercegovako drutvo, naroito uoblasti sloenog spektra njegovih unutranjih i vanjskih,politikih i ekonomskih, odnosa. ACIPS je
prepoznao ovu potrebu i stavio je u fokus novog broja Novih pogleda. Ovaj iznimno vaan poduhvat,
realizovan kroz niz istraivakih tekstova, upuuje na zakljuke koje bosanskohercegovaka javnostmoe nai prilino zabrinjavajuim, imajui u vidu trenutnu svesveobuhvatnu situaciju u Bosni iHercegovini, ali i djelimino ohrabrujuim, ukoliko se promilja politiko-ekonomski potencijalodnosa na relaciji Bosna i HercegovinaHrvatskaEvropska Unija.
Bosna i Hercegovina, kao drava ije su kljune funkcije dobrim dijelom paralizirane, zahvaljui trajnosuprotstavljenim etnonacionalnim politikim programima, partikularno postavljenim interesima
politikih elita, kao i sloenim ukupnim politikim odnosima, biljei prilino specifine reakcije nanovonastalu situaciju.
U svojim pojedinanim doprinosima, autori i autorice u ovom broju Novih pogleda, naroito
potcrtavaju zvanino proklamovanu namjeru Hrvatske da vodi dobrosusjedsku politiku promoviranjai zastupanja interesa zemalja regije, ukljuujui, naravno, i Bosnu i Hercegovinu, u njihovom procesu
pridruivanja Evropskoj Uniji. Prva znaajnija manifestacija ove hrvatske politike dola je u viduinicijative za utvrivanje posebnog pristupa EU prema Bosni i Hercegovini u procesu njenog
pridruivanja. Trenutne uvjete potrebno je uiniti dijelom pretpristupnih pregovora, nakon to se Bosnii Hercegovini odobri kandidatski status - sutina je hrvatskog prijedloga, koji je u formi non papera,ministrica vanjskih poslova Republike Hrvatske, Vesna Pusi, uputila prema vladama lanicamaVijea za vanjske poslove EU u aprilu 2014. godine. Prijedlog je utemeljen na uvjerenju da kandidatskistatus, omoguen svojevrsnim odgaanjem zadovoljavanja uvjeta koje je EU postavila pred Bosnu iHercegovinu, moe biti taj prijeko potrebni poticaj koji e ohrabriti politike elite u sklapanju
politikih kompromisa i odblokirati zaustavljene procese, ali, vjerovatno, i vre opredijeliti irokudomau javnost za ubrzavanje procesa europskih integracija, to podrazumijeva odgovarajui javni
pritisak, a zatim i posljedinu spremnost politikih donosioca/teljica odluka na stvarni dogovor.
Na prvi pogled, ovo je hvale vrijedna inicijativa Hrvatske vlade na meunarodnoj sceni koja najavljujenovi kvalitet u EU razumijevanju bosanskohercegovakog drutveno-politikog konteksta koji eimati pozitivne implikacije na proces i brzinu pridruivanja EU. Prema Makulu, Hrvatska pokazujevolju da u okviru svog vanjskopolitikog djelovanja djeluje u interesu boljih odnosa u regiji, najprijeu pruanju pomoi procesu daljnje integracije regije u Evropsku Uniju. I Hogi u svom prilogu
prepoznaje ambiciju Hrvatske usmjerenu na predvoenje regije i aktivan doprinos njenom daljnjem
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trgovine. Slino politiko-ekonomsko djelovanje obiljeilo je i ekonomske odnose sa Srbijom, morase primjetiti.
Konkretno, ulazak Hrvatske u EU, doveo je do smanjenja izvoza u Hrvatsku, ponajvie na tetuproizvoda animalnog porijekla i njihovih proizvoaa. Zbog neizbjenih promjena u graninoj politici,sada u sferi odnosa izmeu Evropske Unije i BiH, ugroen je i plasman proizvoda animalnog porijeklana ostatak meunarodnog trita. Ipak, Gavran istie i pozitivne promjene u vanjskotrgovinskom
reimu, te, u prilog svojoj tvrdnji, navodi i iskoritenu mogunost carinskog optereenja uvoza izRepublike Hrvatske, to je proizvelo smanjenje uvoza iz Hrvatske i njegovu zamjenu dokazanim
poveanim trinim ueem domaih proizvoda. Nadalje, mnogi proizvoai bili su prinueni napromjenu poslovne politike usmjerenu ka izvozu na nova trita. Bez ovog poticaja, poslovnepolitike se vjerovatno ne bi ni mjenjale, smatra autor. tavie,uklanjanjem postojeih barijera, kojimaHrvatska titi svoje ekonomske interese, izvozni kapacitet domaih proizvoaa e zabiljeiti dodatnirast. Drugim rijeima, u ekonomskoj dimenziji, ulazak Hrvatske u EU, nudi znaajne razvojne
perspektive za Bosnu i Hercegovinu ije ostvarivanje uglavnom ovisi o njenoj sopstvenoj volji ispremnosti da ponueno i iskoristi. U tom smislu, kao vrhunski prioritet se namee brza i kvalitetnarealizacija svih potrebnih mjera koje e omoguiti izvoz na trite svih domaih konkurentnih
proizvoda.
Niti politiki, niti ekonomski, Hrvatska, kao nova lanica EU, nije proizvela ni pribino okantneefekte koji su najavljivani uoi jula 2013. godine u Bosni i Hercegovini. Bosna i Hercegovina je i daljestabilna u nestabilnosti iji korijeni su duboko urasli u postojei, u Daytonu ureeni, ustavni poredak,koji politike blokade ini efikasnijim sredstvom (etno)politike mobilizacije u odnosu na eventualne
politike dogovore i kompromise. ini se da su i drutvo i drava osueni na ekanje nekog novogspleta okolnosti, na unutranjem ili vanjskom planu, koji e, najvjerovatnije, iznuditi reakcije
politikih elita i konano ostvariti sutinski napredak, vidljiv graanima i graankama.
U meuvremenu, ulazak Hrvatske u EU i trenutno,ne ba povoljno, raspoloenje evropske javnosti u
odnosu na nova proirenja, o emu svjedoi izborni rezultat evropskih partija krajnje desne orijentacijena nedavno odranim evropskim izborima, zapravo podie ljestvicu oekivanja koja se nalazi ispredBosne i Hercegovine. Ona se ogleda u jednoj irokoj oblasti koja obuhvata visoko postavljene i sloenestandarde u rasponu od promocije i potovanja ljudskih prava, stvarne vladavine prava do osiguranjakvaliteta proizvoda domaeg trita. Kao i do sada, Bosna i Hercegovina je vrsto ukopana naraskrsnici svoje sudbine. Ukoliko njenu politiku budunost nastave initi akteri zainteresovaniiskljuivo za ostvarivanje kratkoronih i partikularnih interesa elita, koji se nimalo ne ustezaju od
prekomjerne upotrebe ustavnih konica, ekanje e biti produeno, ponajvie na tetu, etnikipodijeljenih, graana i graanki Bosne i Hercegovine. Nasuprot tome, politika spremnost da se
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deklarativno izraena volja za pridruivanjem EU pretvori u konkretne aktivnosti i mjere, voeneoptim drutvenim interesima, konano e uvesti Bosnu i Hercegovinu u procese koji e namomoguiti svrhovito i razvojno orijentirano koritenje raspoloivih politiko-ekonomskih potencijala.Oktobar 2014. godine je prilika za pokret, pokuajmoje iskoristiti.
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Mujo Hadi: "Quis custodiet ipsos custodes? Nauene lekcije Implikacije ulaska RepublikeHrvatske u EU Institucionalni mehanizmi zatite ljudskih prava"
Problem istraivanja
Jedno od centralnih pitanja koje se namee prilikom sagledavanja implikacija ulaska Republike
Hrvatske u EU u kontekstu mehanizama zatite ljudskih prava jeste ono u kojoj mjeri se pravo
prilagoava okolnostima koje su proizvod globalizacijskih procesa? Potom, u kojoj mjeri je pravo
osjetljivo za osobenosti drutvenog, politikog,sigurnosnog, kulturnog i akademskog imperijalizma te
sa kojom dinamikom se moe razvijati i unaprijeivati kako bi se pomjerilo izvan restriktivnog
vidokruga ogranienog meama ture birokratske utogljenosti te se otvorilo ka strukovnoj evoluciji
sa kapacitetima prepoznavanja pertinentnih asimetrija opeg i pojedinanog prava ali i globalnog i
lokalnog?
Namjera ovog rada je istraiti i konzistentno utvrditi bitne znaajke koje mogu dovesti do zloupotrebe
prava kroz nametnute globalizacijske sigurnosne trendove koji u prvi plan stavljaju politike stavove
o prijetnjama integritetu nacionalne sigurnosti a ije odluke i akcije esto nemaju utemeljenja u
uspostavljenom meunarodnom pravnom sistemu.
Sagledavanjem niza konzistentnih, viegodinjih i koordiniranih aktivnosti relevantnih aktera ispred
Republike Hrvatske, iji su rezultati sadrani kroz Izvjee o ispunjavanju obveza iz Poglavlja 23.
Pravosue i temeljna prava i Izvjee o ispunjavanju obveza iz Poglavlja 24. Pravda, sloboda isigurnost, Ministarstva vanjskih i evropskih poslova Republike Hrvatske 1 da se prepoznati da je
1Ministarstvo vanjskih i europskih poslova Republike Hrvatske, Izvjee o ispunjavanju obveza iz Poglavlja 23. Pravosue i temeljna prava,10.04.2014.http://www.mvep.hr/custompages/static/hrv/files/pregovori/5/p23.pdf
i Izvjee o ispunjavanju obveza iz Poglavlja 24.Pravda, sloboda i sigurnost, 10.04.2014.http://www.mvep.hr/custompages/static/hrv/files/pregovori/5/p24.pdf
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Republika Hrvatska unaprijedila postojee i uspostavila adekvatne mehanizme, kompatibilne sa onim
starijih lanica kako bi e se konkretno odgovorilo na negativne uinke globalizacijskih sigurnosnih
trendova po institucionalne mehanizme zatite ljudskih prava sa fokusom na slobodu izraavanja kao
rezultat meunarodnih sigurnosnih prijetnji.
Iz sloenosti problema i predmeta istraivanja postavljene su sljedee radne hipoteze:
Uspostavljeni mehanizmi zatite ljudskih prava se esto zanemaruju zbog sve prisutnije pojave
meunarodnog terorizma i time povezanog pitanja nacionalne sigurnosti ime se esto ljudska prava
stavljaju van fokusa2.
i
Nova vrsta ratova poput etnikih, ideolokih, vjerskih ili onih koji koriste kombinaciju ranije
navedenih vrsta sukoba kao paravan za ostvarivanje kriminalnih interesa i pristup resursima,propraena izvjetavanjima modernih medija koji u nae dnevne boravke donose izvjetaje direktno
sa linije sukoba umanjila je nivo senzibiliteta prosjenog graanina prema optim moralnim
vrijednostima poput ouvanja ljudskih ivota te time smanjila uticaj elektoratana odluke politikih
elita.3
Brojni argumenti podupiru postavljenu temeljne hipoteze, a navode se samo oni najvaniji:
EU prilagodbom tj. pootravanjem svojih principa kondicionalnosti za potencijalne
lanice i kandidate prepoznaje potrebu za jaanjem mehanizama zatite ljudskih prava
(poglavlje 23 pod IX Zatita ljudskih prava) sa posebnim osvrtom na zatitu linih
podataka i privatnosti4
2The World of Parliaments, Issue No.6, May 2002, IPU3Annual Report 2002, Reporters without Borders4Ministarstvo vanjskih i europskih poslova Republike Hrvatske, Izvjee o ispunjavanju obveza iz Poglavlja 23. Pravosue i temeljna prava,10.04.2014.http://www.mvep.hr/custompages/static/hrv/files/pregovori/5/p23.pdf
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Strukturne promjene sigurnosnog sistema ograniava jedino elektronski prodor
transnacionalnog medijskog sistema ime se sloboda izraavanja rasprostranjuje van
nacionalnih granica i poprima dimenzije koje geografski definisani pravni sistemi ne
mogu pratiti.
Uestalost tzv. preventivnih humanitarnih intervencija postaje modus operandi za
smjele elite koje dre itave dravne sisteme pod vlastitom kontrolom bez osvrta na
osnovna ljudska prava.
Neupitna je injenica da postojei pravni sistemi i institucionalni mehanizmi za zatitu
ljudskih prava ne mogu razrijeiti kompleksne izazove izmeu potrebe za potivanjem
ljudskih prava i potrebe za veom sigurnosti kao odgovor ugroenih drava
prijetnjama teroristikih skupina.
Dok se kroz kondicionalnost Evropske unije Republika Hrvatska kao punopravna lanica nakon
procesa pristupanja fokusira na razvoj ostvarene meuagencijske saradnje na nivou Evropske unije,
Bosna i Hercegovina se suoava sa injenicom da je protiv elnog ovijeka Agencije za istrage i zatitu
Bosne i Hercegovine, direktora SIPA-e Tuilatvo BiH podiglo optunicu jer se prema navodima
Tuilatva BiH u toku februarskih protesta ogluio na zahtjeve za pomo u zatiti zgrade
Predsjednitva BiH, te odbio angaovati specijalnu jedinicu SIPA-e.5Kao pozitivan uinak zbog
ulaska Republike Hrvatske u Evropsku uniju moe se posmatrati demokratski pritisak i jaanje
parlamentarnog nadzora nad radom sigurnosnog sektora koji je proistekao u Republici Hrvatskoj
nakon lanstva a gdje se zbog blizine Evropske unije upravo temeljem novih medija ta iskustva prenose
i na graane Bosne i Hercegovine.
5Radio i televizija Bosne i Hercegovine, Naslovnica / Sud i tuilatvo / TUILATVO BIH PODIGLO OPTUNICUPROTIV DIREKTORA SIPA-E GORANA ZUPCA, 10.06.2014.
http://www.bhrt.ba/vijesti/sud-i-tuzilastvo/tuzilastvo-bih-podiglo-optuznicu-protiv-direktora-sipa-e-gorana-zupca/
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No i dalje, osobenosti sigurnosnih izazova u Bosni i Hercegovini kao to su politika nestabilnost,
stagnacija ekonomije, drutvene prijetnje (poput nacionalne netrepeljivosti, klerofaizma,
organizovanog kriminala, kulturolokih prepreka razumijevanju negativnih drutvenih trendova poput
korupcije i sl.), ugroavanje okolia temeljem prirodnih katastrofa ali i zbog sistemskog nemara i
zaputenosti onemoguavaju da pozitivna iskustva i dobre prakse steene tokom pristupanja Republike
Hrvatske Evropskoj uniji i sada nakon pristupanja budu po defaultu prenesena na Bosnu i Hercegovinu.
Upravo poput razliite kondicionalnosti koju Evropska unija primjenjuje prema potencijalnim
lanicama i kandidatima ponaosob tako i razliiti efekti mogu ali i ne moraju imati uticaja na zemlje
iz okruenja to je zasigurno i sluaj sa efektima pristupanja EU u kontekstu ljudskih prava u Republici
Hrvatskoj kao to je vidljivo u izazovima implementacije zagarantovanih prava za pripadnike
nacionalnih manjina u Republici Hrvatskoj.
Upravo sloboda izraavanja nacionalnih manjina kao ugroenih skupina ali i svih graana regulisana
su kroz razne meunarodne sporazume i dokumenta to ini dobar osnov za sudjelovanje svih graana
u demokratskim procesima u njihovim drutvima. Kako bi se shvatila sr ideje o slobodi izraavanja
mora se prvo razumjeti filozofija slobode izraavanja. Da li je sloboda izraavanja pravno regulisana
na nain da je ograniavana i da joj su stvoreni preduvjeti za njeno koritenje ili je to sredstvo za
ouvanje mentalnog zdravlja drutva i privid ouvanja demokratskih vrijednosti u zajednicama u
kojima u biti o svim znaajnim drutvenim odlukama odluuju ne graani nego elite? Mill nam u svom
djelu O slobodi nudi vlastiti odgovor:
Prvo: miljenje koje je predmet potiskivanja od stranevlasti je mogue istinito. Oni koji ele dapotiskuju takvo miljenje naravno opovrgavaju postojanje istine, ali oni ne odluuju o tome da li se
radi o istini ili ne. Oni nemaju ovlasti da daju odgovore ispred ljudskog roda niti da oduzmu pravo
bilo kojoj drugoj osobi da sudjeluju u prosudbi. Odbiti da se neko miljenje poslua samo zato to se
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smatra pogrenim je u biti isto pretpostavljati da je njihova sigurnost u biti absolutna sigurnost. Sve
utiavanje rasprave je pretpostavka nepogreivosti.6
Dalje, prema Hegelu: Pravo je bilo koje bitovanje (Dasein), koje poiva na slobodnoj volji.7Stoga,
kako bi se slobodna volja mogla izraavati, pravo na izraavanje ne bi smjelo biti potiskivano nego
upavo suprotno.
Postoji nekoliko meunarodnih sporazuma koji reguliraju i bave se pitanjem slobode izraavanja kao
ljudskog prava. Meutim najznaajnije je svakako Opta/Univerzalna deklaracija o ljudskim pravima
koju su jednoglasno usvojili Generalna skuptina UN-a dalekog 10.decembra 1948.godine. U
tadanjim vremenima, njezin pravni znaaj bio je bitniji od prvotne ideje, na Deklaraciju se naime
gledalo kao na izjavu o principima.8
Ukoliko elimo izdvojiti najbitnije odredbe Deklaracije poet emo sa lanom 19.koji proglaava
pravo na slobodu izraavanja:
Svatko ima pravo na slobodu miljenja i izraavanja; to pravo ukljuuje slobodu zadravanja
miljenja bez uplitanja i slobodu traenja, primanja i irenja informacija i ideja putem bilo kojeg medija
i bez obzira na granice.9
Pravo na mirno okupljanje i udruivanje proglaeno je u lanu 20:
1. Svi imaju pravo na mirno okupljanje i udruivanje.
2. Niko se ne smije prisiljavati na pripadnost nekom udruenju .10
6Mill, John Stuart. On Liberty. Middlesex: Penguin, 1974.
7Knox T. M. trans. and notes. Hegel's Philosophy of Right. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967
8International Center Against Censorship. The Article XIX Freedom of Expression Manual. London: ICP, 1993, Chap.2.1.pg
8
9United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 217
A (III) of 10 December 1948. 08.09.2006http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html
10see footnote No.36
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Ne mogu postojati slobode bez odgovornosti, to reguliu odredbe koje jasno definiraju restrikcije a
sadrane su u lanu 29. koji nalae:
1. Svatko ima obveze prema zajednici u kojoj je mogu slobodan i cjelovit razvoj njegove osobnosti.
2. U koritenju svojih prava i sloboda svatko moe biti podvrgnut samo onim ogranienjima koja su
utvrnena zakonom, iskljuivo radi osiguranja potrebnog priznanja i potovanja
prava i sloboda drugih te radi ispunjenja pravednih zahtjeva morala, javnog reda i opeg
blagostanja u demokratskom drutvu.
3. Ta se prava i slobode ni u kojem sluaju ne smiju koristiti protivno ciljevima i naelima
Ujedinjenih naroda..11
Uzmemo li u obzir das u principi UN-a bili blagonakloni slobodi izraavanja onda paragrafi sadraniu lanu 29. alju jasnu i jaku poruku kako narodima ali tako i njihovim vladama. Stoga i ne udi
injenica da je upravo Generalna skuptina UN-a na svojoj prvoj sjednici usvojila zakljuak Sloboda
informisanja je fundamentalno ljudsko pravo..te temelj za sva pravana kojima e insistirati UN.12
Pored Deklaracije, postoje i druga relevantna dokumenta koja reguliu pravne aspekte slobode
izraavanja na nacionalnom odnosno transnacionalnom nivou. Drugo po znaaju dakle jeste
dokumenat koji je sainen od strana Vijea evrope (izvorno na engleskom jeziku: Council of Europe,
skraenica CoE), Konvencija o zatiti ljudskih prava i temeljnih sloboda poznatija kao Evropska
konvencija o ljudskim pravima (izvorno na engleskom jeziku:Convention for the Protection of Human
Rights and Fundamental Freedoms / European Convention on Human Rights, skraenia ECHR) a
11see footnote No.3612 International Center Against Censorship. The Article XIX Freedom of Expression Manual. London: ICP, 1993, G.A.
Resolution 59 (1), 14 December 1946
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koja je usvojena 1950 godine da bi na snagu stupila tri godine kasnije. Od interesa za ovu problematiku
je svakako lan 10 gore pomenute konvencije:
" Kako ostvarivanje tih sloboda obuhvaa dunosti i odgovornosti, ono moe biti podvrgnuto
formalnostima, uvjetima, ogranienjima ili kaznama propisanim zakonom, koji su u demokratskom
drutvu nuni radi interesa dravne sigurnosti, teritorijalne cjelovitosti ili javnog reda i mira, radi
spreavanja nereda ili zloina, radi zatite zdravlja ili morala, radi zatite ugleda ili prava drugih,
radi spreavanja odavanja povjerljivih informacija ili radi ouvanja autoriteta i nepristranosti
sudbene vlasti..13
Iako postoje ogranienja sukladno gore pomenutom lanku, dravama nije preputeno da same daju
ocjene o kvaliteti ili popularnosti neke informacije te da je sukladno vlastitom nahoenju cenzuriraju.
Jedan od ne tako davnih sluajeva u nama susjednoj dravi Republici Hrvatskoj gdje je prilikom
rasrpave o javnom televizijskom emiteru u Saboru, tanije prilikom vrenja pritiska na direktora tog
emitera da osudi rad novinara Denisa Latina zbog navodne neprofesionalnosti odnosno zbog navodnog
uruavanja ugleda drave zbog priloga o ratnim zloinima, nepotizmu odnosno organizovanom
kriminalu u svom politikom magazinu, politika elita probala da javno vri cenzuru.14Denis Latin je
potom dobio zlatnu plaketu Internacionalne lige humanista za njegov profesionalan radi i istaivako
novinarstvo.15
13COE. Protocol No. 4 to the Convention for the Protection of Human Righ ts and Fundamental Freedoms. 09.09.2006
http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/046.htm
Heading added according to the provision of Protocol No.11 (ETS No.155)14 Partnership for Social Development. Attack on Freedom of Speech. 07.09.2006
http://www.psd.hr/textovi/mediji/attack%20on%20freedom.htm
15Medien Southeastern Europe. Press Release Wien 16 October 2002.Media Price Awarded to Croatian Journalist.
08.09.2006. www.br-online.de/br-intern/suedosteuropa/texte/SEEMO021016.htm
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/046.htmhttp://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/046.htmhttp://www.psd.hr/textovi/mediji/attack%20on%20freedom.htmhttp://www.psd.hr/textovi/mediji/attack%20on%20freedom.htmhttp://www.br-online.de/br-intern/suedosteuropa/texte/SEEMO021016.htmhttp://www.br-online.de/br-intern/suedosteuropa/texte/SEEMO021016.htmhttp://www.br-online.de/br-intern/suedosteuropa/texte/SEEMO021016.htmhttp://www.psd.hr/textovi/mediji/attack%20on%20freedom.htmhttp://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/Treaties/Html/046.htmmailto:[email protected] -
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Stoga, samo citiranjem odredbe protivno interesima nacionalne sigurnosti 16 politiari nisu u
mogunosti sprijeiti graane da uivaju svoje slobode na izraavanje. Ovo je vie puta potvreno u
praktinim sluajevima pa ak i u postkoministikim dravama poput Maarske i to presudom
Maarskog ustavnog suda:
Sloboda izraavanja miljenja i ideja, ukljuujui slobodu izraavanja nepopularnih i
nekonvencionalnih miljenja, je temeljni uvjet za postojanjem istinsku vitalnog drutva koje je
sposobno da se razvija i ispravlja svoje greke.17
Bitna je injenica da su ranije pomenuti meunarodni pravni dokumenti koji se bave regulisanjem
temeljnih ljudskih prava i sloboda obuhvatili slobodu izraavanja i to Univerzalna povelja o ljudskim
pravima UN-a na nain da se ta sloboda ne smije ometati dok je Evropska konvencija o ljudskim
pravima otila korak dalje te pominje da se pravo na miljenje te dobivanje neovisnih informacija i
ideja ne smije ometati od strane javnih vlasti.18
Stoga se namee zakljuak, pravni dokumenti koji reguliraju oblast slobode izraavanja a to i ine de
jure. ak i u funkcionalnim demokracijskim drutvima, graani su bili primorani da se izbore za svoja
prava i to na razliitim nivoima vlasti pa ak iznosivi svoje sluajeve pred dravnim i meunarodnim
sudovima.19
16
European Training and Research Center for Human Rights and Democracy Graz. Freedom of Expression and Freedomof the Media Manual. 06.09.2006
http://www.etcgraz.at/cms/uploads/media/15_FreedomofExpressionandFreedomoftheMedia.pdf
17 Constitutional Court, AB Hatarozat, No. 30/1992 (26 th of May) para.III.2.1. Article 19. Global Campaign for Free
Expression. Hungarian Court. 09.09.2006 http://www.article19.org/pdfs/publications/1993-handbook.pdf
18 Human and Constitutional Rights Documents. European Convention on Human Rights. 08.09.2006
http://www.hrcr.org/docs/Eur_Convention/euroconv3.html
19International Center Against Censorship. The Article XIX Press Law and Practice, A Comparative Study of Press Freedom
in European and Other Democracies. London: ICP, 1994
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.etc-graz.at/cms/uploads/media/15_FreedomofExpressionandFreedomoftheMedia.pdfhttp://www.etc-graz.at/cms/uploads/media/15_FreedomofExpressionandFreedomoftheMedia.pdfhttp://www.hrcr.org/docs/Eur_Convention/euroconv3.htmlhttp://www.hrcr.org/docs/Eur_Convention/euroconv3.htmlhttp://www.hrcr.org/docs/Eur_Convention/euroconv3.htmlhttp://www.etc-graz.at/cms/uploads/media/15_FreedomofExpressionandFreedomoftheMedia.pdfmailto:[email protected] -
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Nakon odreenog vremena koje je bilo neophodno da se stvori sudska praksa, potivanje ranije
pomenutih fundamentalnih dokumenata o ljudskim pravima postajalo je mnogo prisutnije. Dakle,
pored postojanja slobodne volje kao preduvjeta za uivanjem ljudskog prava, slobode izraavanja,
pored de jure mehanizama neophodna je i graanska kuraa da se meu prvima zahtjeva odreeno
pravo.
Sloboda izraavanja i globalizacija
U doba globalizacije, mnoge zemlje u tranziciji (transformacija drutva iz totalitarnih reima u
demokratsko drutvo) usvajaju demokratske pravne standarde (meunarodne povelje, sporazume i
konvencije koje reguliraju ljudska prava, prava rada, individualne slobode) u svoje pravne sustave vrlo
brzo, bez uzimanja vremena za procjenu potrebnih priprema u smislu uspostave alata za provedbu
takvih "liberalnih" propisa, mehanizama za nadzor nad provedbenim tijelima i transparentnost
njihovog rada. 20
David Held gore pomenuto posmatra na isti nain:
Odreeni oblik vlasti koji je od interesa za teoriju globalizacije karakteriziran je hijerarhijom i
neravnopravnou. Hijerarhija podrazumijeva asimetrini pristup globalnim mreama i
infrastrukturi, dok se neravnopravnost odnosi na asimetrii pristup asimetrinih uinaka takvih mrea
na ivot ansi i dobrobit naroda, klasa, etnike skupine i spola.21
Budui da zemlje prihvaaju razne meunarodne ugovore kako bi imale pristup odreenimmeunarodnim tijelima, njima bi trebali biti ponuena / uvedena reformska mjera, koji bi ima pomogla
20 International Labour Conference, Report of Resolutions Committee, 86 th Session, 1998. 09.09.2006
http://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/gb/docs/gb271/gb-7.htm
21Held, David. et al. eds.Re-imagining Political Community. Stanford: Stanford University Press,1998
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/gb/docs/gb271/gb-7.htmhttp://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/gb/docs/gb271/gb-7.htmhttp://www.ilo.org/public/english/standards/relm/gb/docs/gb271/gb-7.htmmailto:[email protected] -
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u provedbi novih propisa, ukljuujui upostavu nadzora reformi njihovog pravnog sustava (kao to je
to sluaj s velikim brojem zemalja kandidata za EU).22
U reimskim sistemima poput onih u Aziji ili arapskim dravama, Africi i dravama June Amerike
jedan od sistema manipulacije masama (pored niskih obrazovnih standarda, ogranienih sloboda
kretanja i dr.) jeste upravo ogranieno pravo na slobodu izraavanja.23
Meutim, ovdje se ne radi o klasinom problemu Istoka ili Zapada budui da postoje zloupotrebe
ogranienja na svim stranama. Dok se jedni pravdaju da upotreba intereneta treba biti ograniena samo
na odreene stranice pod motom zatite morala drugi ograniavaju slobodu izraavanja pod motom
zatite nacionalne sigurnosti. Sjetimo se ne tako davnih protesta na Wall Streetu i kampanja koritenja
sile protiv prosvjednika ili sukoba okupljenih na Tahrir trgu u Kairu. Rezulatati i modus operandi bili
su slini sa istim uinkom, ograniena sloboda izraavanja misli, stava i ideje.
Naime, zloupotrebom ogranienja slobode izraavanja dobiva se mogunost prekida ili tanijereeno
odgaanja slobode misli te time ukida prostor da se mediji hrane odreenom priom. Vrlo esto,
dobiveno vrijeme se koristi kako bi Vlade mogle plasirati svoju verziju istine ili da pripreme teren da
se drugaije verzije odreenog deavanja percipiraju kao lucidne, zlonamjerne, ruilake odnosno da
im se ukine prostor za simpatije mase. Izvjetaj Vijea za zatitu novinara, obajvljen 13.decembra
2005.godine u New Yorku pominje:
Ve sedam godina uzastopno Kina je vodea zemlja kada se radi o bespravnom hapenju i zatvaranju
novinara sa trenutnih 32 novinara u pritvoru. Njih 15 ili polovica svih pritvorenih su novinari koji rade
na novim medijima, dakle novinari internet portala..24
Budui da sloboda izraavanja u vrijeme globalizacije podrazumijeva koritenje platforme modernih
komunikacijskih kanala dakle internet, kao revolucionarni nain da se informacije rapidno dobiju ali i
22International Crisis Group Early Warning System Report 2001 Sarajevo 2001. 08.09.2006http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1242&l=1
24Human Rights Watch. Special Reports from Around the World China, Cube, Two African Nations -Top Jailors ofJournalists New York , 13 December 2005. 09.09.2006 http://hrw.org/reports/2005/mena1105/6.htm
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1242&l=1http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1242&l=1http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=1242&l=1mailto:[email protected] -
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sa lakoom podijele, treba uloiti posebne napore da se ovi kanali dre slobodnim i pristupanim za
sve zainteresovane. 25
Sloboda izraavanja Stub demokracije
Demokracija kako je percipiramo, prema vrijednostima Evrope, znai prvobitno uivanje slobode
izraavanja kao jednog od preduvjeta za zdravo drutvo, uvara zajednikih vrijednosti te
individualnog prava graanina da utie na procese koji ga se tiu i kojioblikuju njegov nain ivota.
U aktuelnim politikim previranjima, demokracija je poprimila kosmopolitanski peat postajui tako
transnacionalna ideja i vrijednost koja ne priznaje granice i prepreke kao to je to bio sluaj kao na
primjer kod tada zatvorenog Nelsona Mandele ili pada zida u Berlinu.
Sa interesom zatite demokracije, pravo na slobodu izraavanja postaje vitalno pravo koje je u ulozi
psa uvara (izvorno na engleskom jeziku: watch-dog) 26 nad demokratskim okvirima odreene
drave. Budui dase mediji danas bave poslom podizanja i usmjeravanja interesa javnosti, u idelnom
svijetu, radi sudjelovanja u procesima kreiranja i donoenja odluka, ovo ne bi imalo smisla ukoliko
sloboda izraavanja ne postoji. Zato postaje jasno zato odreene reimske vlade, novinare dre
pritvorenima bez suenja, upravo ne zbog toga ta su uinili nego ta su u mogunosti uiniti.27Ne
tako divan sluaj drava iz regiona dokaz je da slobodni mediji igraju veoma znaajnu ulogu u
stvaranju kritine mase koja je krucijalna za svako drutvo koje tei funkcionalnom demokratskom
sistemu. Bez postojanja te kritine mase, vlasti bi mogle initi ta ele a da nikada ne pomisle da e
nekada morati podnijeti izvjetaj javnosti ili ak snositi odgovornost pred graanima za uinjeno.28
25Collin, Simon:E-Marketing; John Wiley; Chichester, 200026EU Network of Independent Experts on Fundamental Rights. "Synthesis Report, Conclusions and Recommendations on
the Situation of Fundamental Rights in the European Union and its Member States in 2004, 15 thof April 2005. Reference
CFR-CDF.Conclusions.2005.en".109. European Commission Justice website. 27.08.2006
http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/cfr_cdf/doc/report_eu_2005_en.pdf
27Committee to Protect Journalist. In Prison. CPJ website. 06.08. 2006 http://www.cpj.org/cases04/cases04_TOC.html28 US Government. Principles of Democracy. A Free Press. 18.08. 2006http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/principles/
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/cfr_cdf/doc/report_eu_2005_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/cfr_cdf/doc/report_eu_2005_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/cfr_cdf/doc/report_eu_2005_en.pdfmailto:[email protected] -
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Javne rasprave o raznim pitanjima u demokratskom drutvu vie i nemaju smisla osim ako se ne
odvijaju na lokalnom nivou. One, pored glasanja naravno, ostaju najbolji nain da graani iznesu svoje
miljenje o stvarima koje ih se tiu. U drutvima, gdje se javne rasprave ne odravaju, osim ukoliko
su izreirane od drave za dravu, ne moemo govoriti o postojanju demokracije. Ovi procesi se
prepliu jedni sa drugima i itekako utiu jedni na druge. Sloboda izraavanja danas, postaje pitanjem
digitalno pismenih, obrazovanih ljudi koji su svjesni znaaja pristupa informacijama i slobode
izraavanja te koji su po mogunosti aktivni u javnom ivotu u zajednicama iz kojih dolaze te koji
javno kritikuju loe ili odluke koje vlasti donose na nain koji nije transparentan. Poeljno je kada ti
ljudi to ine i prije nego to se takve odluke donesu.
Zakljuak
Budui da smo vremenski svjedoci tree generacije ljudskih prava, moe se sa pravom ocijeniti da je
sloboda izraavanja srazmjerno dobro definisana i zatiena meunarodnim sporazumima i
konvencijama. Dodatno, ukoliko se ta sloboda izraavanja i aktivno koristi time se demokratski
principi jaaju i razvijaju a u drutvu se dobiva osjeaj dranja volana u rukama odnosno nadziranja
straara nad dravom dravnevlasti, uz vjernog psa uvara - medije.29
Ni u najrazvijenijim demokratskim sistemima ne smijemo dozvoliti da se prestane sa
istraivanjem,ukazivanjem i konzistentnim utvrivanjem bitnih znaajki koje mogu dovesti do
zloupotrebe prava kroz nametnute globalizacijske sigurnosne trendove koji u prvi plan stavljaju
politike stavove o prijetnjama integritetu nacionalne sigurnosti a ije odluke i akcije esto nemajuutemeljenja u uspostavljenom meunarodnom pravnom sistemu.
29EU Network of Independent Experts on Fundamental Rights. "Synthesis Report, Conclusions and Recommendations on
the Situation of Fundamental Rights in the European Union and its Member States in 2004, 15 thof April 2005. Reference
CFR-CDF.Conclusions.2005.en". European Commission Justice website. 27.08.2006
http://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/cfr_cdf/doc/report_eu_2005_en.pdf
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/cfr_cdf/doc/report_eu_2005_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/cfr_cdf/doc/report_eu_2005_en.pdfhttp://ec.europa.eu/justice_home/cfr_cdf/doc/report_eu_2005_en.pdfmailto:[email protected] -
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Konzekvence globalizacijskih sigurnosnih trendova na institucionalne mehanizme zatite ljudskih
prava sa fokusom na slobodu izraavanja kao rezultat meunarodnih sigurnosnih prijetnji je oigledan
i svepristuan.
Sa druge strane, evidentno je da de jureregulisanje odreenih prava i sloboda graana ne doprinosi
demokratskom razvoju po inerciji.30
U drutvima sa ukorijenjenom korupcijom koja se bazira na skoroincestoidnim vezama pojedinaca u kriminalnim krugovima a koji se nalaze u razliitim sferama
drutva, zastraivanje svih koji su svjesni znaaja slobode izraavanja je na snazi. Upravo zbog toga
je neophodno uspostaviti operativne mehanizme koji e osigurati bezuvjetno sprovoenje temeljnih
ljudskih prava i sloboda poput funkcionalne zakonodavne vlasti, reformi u obrazovnom sistemu sa
posebnim osvrtom na demokraciju i ljudska prava u svim nivoima obrazovanja kao preduvjeta da
graani prekinu zaarani krug apatije te postanu svjesni svoje uloge u demokratskom drutvu te
otponu zahtjevati zagarantovana prava. Iskustvo, kako iz zemalja u tranziciji tako i u starim
demokratijama nas ui: Pravde ima samo onoliko, koliko se izborite za nju.
30 Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe. Media Task Force. Media Legislation. 05.09.2006
http://www.stabilitypact.org/media/041001-medialegislation.pdf
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.stabilitypact.org/media/041001-medialegislation.pdfhttp://www.stabilitypact.org/media/041001-medialegislation.pdfhttp://www.stabilitypact.org/media/041001-medialegislation.pdfmailto:[email protected] -
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Tijana Cvjetianin: Having an EU neighbour: How does it affect human rights in Bosnia andHerzegovina?
Bilateral relations and human rights issues
The first year of Croatia's EU membership has been a turbulent one for Bosnia and Herzegovina, with
a series of crisis dominating its public and political life. To mention just a few, in the very first days
of Croatia's accession, mass protests broke out in BiH over the issue of personal ID numbers (JMBG
protests), which were outstaged in February 2014 by an outburst of social unrests over the long-time
unresolved issues of criminal privatisation, pervading corruption, unemployment and bad governance.
The issue of constitutional reform to implement the European Court of Human Rights' 2009 decision
in the Sejdi and Finci case, has also been pervading the political scene. In the past year, the process
has been dominated by two thingsthe fact that the EU has openly consented to facilitate the meetings
and negotiations of political parties' leaders, not even trying to return the process into the Parliament,
where it belongs both legally and logically; and the somewhat less open consent of all involved that
the reforms aren't so much about providing equal political and civic rights to the others, as it is about
giving HDZ's leader Dragan ovi a mechanism to assure his party's participation in power-sharing
on the state and entity level an issue commonly known as the Croat question. The issue of
constitutive peoples' rights vs. rights of the others has also shaped the discourse and implementation
of the long awaited - and highly politicized population census in October 2013 and aggressive
nationalist campaigns around it.
The engagement and the reactions of Croatian officials to most of these topics and events went along
the same policy lines as those of Croatian MPs in the European Parliament, although the political line-
up of Croatia's EP delegation is dominated by HDZ, while in Croatia the rivalling SDP has been in
power since 2011. There was, however, little or no difference between them in the attitudes on Bosnia;
not in the sense of reaching middle ground between the nationally-oriented and civic and/or social-
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democratic approach, but in terms of both of them aligning with the politics of the exclusively
nationally oriented HDZ BiH.
The Census on Population, Households and Dwellings in BiH 2013 has been a political issue from day
one,31and the tensions around the question on ethnic/national identity were heated for months through
a series of aggressive campaigns focused on ethnic/national declaration. In August 2013, HDZ andHDZ BiH started a joint campaign titled Its important, get enumerated!32The campaign consisted
of series of public debates, round tables, meetings and different forms of advertisement-materials33, all
with two dominant messages: all Croats with BiH citizenship have a patriotic duty to get enumerated
and to declare themselves as Croats and Catholics, with Croatian as their mother tongue. The
Presidency of Croatian National Council (HNS) was also conducting a census campaign (rather
indistinguishable from that of the two HDZs). All the campaigns messages revolved around the topic
of the position of Croats as the constitutive people fewest in numbers, simultaneously sending
contradictory messages that responding to the census is essential for their political (or even physical)
survival in BiH, while, at the same time, it was emphasized that any peoples right cannot be
questioned, regardless of their numbers, as it is written in the Constitution. 34 The Catholic Church
31Report on the Civic Monitoring of the Census in BiH 2013 , UG Zato ne, Sarajevo, March 2014, URL:http://zastone.ba/site/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Report-on-the-Civic-Monitoring-of-the-Census-in-BiH-2013-
%E2%80%93-Popismonitor.ba_.pdf,p 732Popis puanstva je najvanije pitanje za opstanak Hrvata u BiH, Veernji List, 21.8.2013, URL:http://www.vecernji.ba/popis-pucanstva-je-najvaznije-pitanje-za-opstanak-hrvata-u-bih-601282.See also:
http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/brojke-iz-popisa-uoblicit-ce-buducnost-hrvata-u-bih-615745,http://www.vecernji.hr/sjeverozapadna-hrvatska/hdz-navodi-hrvate-rodjene-u-bih-na-popis-stanovnistva-61283733This campaign, unlike a similar one lead by Bosniak parties and organizations, was much more present offline thanon the internet; however, some traces of promotion materials can be found online, such as this leaflet published by the
two HDZs:http://tinyurl.com/mn3joad34Predsjednitvo HNS-a pozvalo Hrvate na popis u BiH, HRT, 23.09.2013, URL: radio.hrt.hr/clanak/predsjednistvo-hns-a-pozvalo-hrvate-na-popis-u-bih/25528/. A claim in complete contradiction to this, could be found in public
statements such as that of Petar kori, the president of HDZ in Split, stating that it is of vital importance for Croats totake part in the census, or they might lose their status as constitutive people and become anational minority: It is ofstrategic interest for the Republic of Croatia to preserve Croatian people as a constituent people in BiH. Bosnia and
Herzegovina is a homeland of Croatian people too, and in that sense we dont want the Croats to move out ofthe country.We want them to keep their constituency, to have an equal status as other two peoples. That is Croatias strategic
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://zastone.ba/site/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Report-on-the-Civic-Monitoring-of-the-Census-in-BiH-2013-%E2%80%93-Popismonitor.ba_.pdfhttp://zastone.ba/site/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Report-on-the-Civic-Monitoring-of-the-Census-in-BiH-2013-%E2%80%93-Popismonitor.ba_.pdfhttp://zastone.ba/site/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Report-on-the-Civic-Monitoring-of-the-Census-in-BiH-2013-%E2%80%93-Popismonitor.ba_.pdfhttp://www.vecernji.ba/popis-pucanstva-je-najvaznije-pitanje-za-opstanak-hrvata-u-bih-601282http://www.vecernji.ba/popis-pucanstva-je-najvaznije-pitanje-za-opstanak-hrvata-u-bih-601282http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/brojke-iz-popisa-uoblicit-ce-buducnost-hrvata-u-bih-615745http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/brojke-iz-popisa-uoblicit-ce-buducnost-hrvata-u-bih-615745http://www.vecernji.hr/sjeverozapadna-hrvatska/hdz-navodi-hrvate-rodjene-u-bih-na-popis-stanovnistva-612837http://www.vecernji.hr/sjeverozapadna-hrvatska/hdz-navodi-hrvate-rodjene-u-bih-na-popis-stanovnistva-612837http://tinyurl.com/mn3joadhttp://tinyurl.com/mn3joadhttp://tinyurl.com/mn3joadhttp://tinyurl.com/mn3joadhttp://www.vecernji.hr/sjeverozapadna-hrvatska/hdz-navodi-hrvate-rodjene-u-bih-na-popis-stanovnistva-612837http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/brojke-iz-popisa-uoblicit-ce-buducnost-hrvata-u-bih-615745http://www.vecernji.ba/popis-pucanstva-je-najvaznije-pitanje-za-opstanak-hrvata-u-bih-601282http://zastone.ba/site/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Report-on-the-Civic-Monitoring-of-the-Census-in-BiH-2013-%E2%80%93-Popismonitor.ba_.pdfhttp://zastone.ba/site/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/Report-on-the-Civic-Monitoring-of-the-Census-in-BiH-2013-%E2%80%93-Popismonitor.ba_.pdfmailto:[email protected] -
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played a big part in the campaign, as numerous calls for Croats/Catholics to participate in the census
were sent out both through the media and the church services.35Croatian Bishops' Conference issued
a call to all the believers in Republic of Croatia with origins from BiH to obtain the necessary personal
documents in time and participate in the Census.36Instructions were also given to all the clergy to use
the services to talk about the census, because it is a moral obligation of each Catholic to publicly
demonstrate his faith and always declare as Catholic. And it is an honourable obligation to guard and
cherish your national identity37. The CBCs invite also gives instructions to those living outside BiH
to register residence before the Census starts in order to get enumerated,although this is in clear breach
of the Law on Census.
The campaign did not, however, stop at religious institutions and political parties it went through
Republic of Croatia's official institutions, from the public broadcasting media, to the top of the
executive and legislative branch. Croatian Radiotelevision (HRT) has covered the census in BiH
extensively, with numerous shows and field reports.38HRT has also made its own promo-clip, with
interest (Vanost popisa stanovnitva u BiH, HRT, 26.09.2013, URL:http://radio.hrt.hr/radio-split/clanak/vaznost-popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/25794/)
35Among them are those with clear instructions to local priests on how to preach about the census, like the Circularissued by vicar eljko Maji, using Bible references tomotivate Croats to head each to their city and get enumerated.The circular also emphasizes political motifs to get enumerated, including the moral obligation and the pressing need for
the Croats to remain constitutive and prevent them from becoming minority or get placed in the ranks of theothers, i.e. the undeclared, undecided, nameless, by which they would in a way, deny the invaluable value of Catholic
identity, soaked not just in the saviour blood of Christ, but in the blood of so many martyrs and brave defenders. Bydoing so, we would make our future generations strangers and drifters in the land of their fathers.(Okrunica upnicima o popisu stanovnitva, Katolika Tiskovna Agencija, Mostar 23.8.2013, URL:http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=38924)36Poziv HBK vjernicima u RH podrijetlom iz BiH na popis stanovnitva, Katolika Tiskovna Agencija, 23.9.2013,URL:http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=3932337Poruka kardinala Puljia u vezi s predstojeim popisom stanovnitva, Katolika Tiskovna Agencija, 28.8.2013,URL:http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=38966.Vinko Pulji, the Archbishop of Vrhbosna, maintained an intensive
public presence on the topic in the months preceeding the census (see:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kWLkjDgOgg,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ICsEg9uATo,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0x5NAFxNB,etc.).38On the week of the Census launch, a radio show Poligraf hosted, among others, Tonino Picula, SDPs MP inEuropean Parliament. The census was described as the statistic of ethnic cleansing and the topics included issues such
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://radio.hrt.hr/radio-split/clanak/vaznost-popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/25794/http://radio.hrt.hr/radio-split/clanak/vaznost-popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/25794/http://radio.hrt.hr/radio-split/clanak/vaznost-popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/25794/http://radio.hrt.hr/radio-split/clanak/vaznost-popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/25794/http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=38924http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=38924http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=39323http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=39323http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=39323http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=38966http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=38966http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=38966https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kWLkjDgOgghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kWLkjDgOgghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ICsEg9uATohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ICsEg9uATohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ICsEg9uATohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0x5NAFxNBshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0x5NAFxNBshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0x5NAFxNBshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ICsEg9uATohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5kWLkjDgOgghttp://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=38966http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=39323http://www.ktabkbih.net/info.asp?id=38924http://radio.hrt.hr/radio-split/clanak/vaznost-popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/25794/http://radio.hrt.hr/radio-split/clanak/vaznost-popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/25794/mailto:[email protected] -
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the message that by responding to the BiH Census, Bosnian Croats who live outside of BiH will
contribute to the realization of their peoples rights in the future.39By the end of September 2013,
HRT and the Governments Office for Croats outside of Republic of Croatia, have launched an official
campaign callingfor Croats with origins in BiH to take part in the population Census ,40with several
public figures, from both Croatia and BiH, taking part through short video-messages.41Among them
were the two high-level state officials: the President of the Republic of Croatia Ivo Josipovi, and Josip
Leko, the President of Croatian National Assembly.
Shortly after being briefed by a delegation from HDZ BiH,42Josipovi made a video-message, stating:
Dear citizens of Croatia with origins in Bosnia and Herzegovina: In our neighbouring state, your
other homeland, the Census of population will soon take place. Do get enumerated. That is very
important for realization of your individual and collective rights and protection of your interests. By
getting enumerated, you will not lose any of the rights you possess in the Republic of Croatia. Your
two homes and two homelands are the best bridge between our two friendly states .43Josip Leko, the
President of Croatian Assembly, was more explicit in connecting the census to the Croat question
and the issue of constitutional rights: Croats are a constitutive people in BiH. () By responding to
as How many Croats is left out of the pre-war 17%? How will the census results reflect on the status of the leastnumerous constitutive people? and What are the constitutional obligations of Republic of Croatia towards our fellowcountrymen in BiH?. (http://www.radioosijek.hrt.hr/aod/popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/37586/). The TV reports were nodifferent. The key issues were always revolving around the questions of constituency, pre and post war numbers and
relations of Croats to the other two constituent peoples, with remarks such as According to the Catholic church, thenumber of Croats is cut in half, so the smallest of the three constitutive people s fears that it might drop under 10%. (UBiH poeo popis, brojni upiti graana, HRT, 1.10.13. URL:http://vijesti.hrt.hr/u-bih-poceo-popis-brojni-upiti-graana).This percentage was frequently used in the campaign as the lowest limit for the Croats to keep their status asconstitutive people (see alsohttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktTMaYy_rz0), although the BiH Constitution has no
such provisions whatsoever and the number itself is completely arbitrary.39I HRT u kampanji za popis stanovnitva u BiH, HRT, 25.9.2013, URL:http://vijesti.hrt.hr/i-hrt-u-kampanji-za-
popis-stanovnistva-u-bih40Ibid.41Ibid.42Predsjednik Ivo Josipovi poziva bh. Hrvate na popis, Veernji list, 21.9.2013, URL:www.vecernji.ba/predsjednik-ivo-josipovic-poziva-bh-hrvate-na-popis-61684743Source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn9K4FC97Pc
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.radioosijek.hrt.hr/aod/popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/37586/http://www.radioosijek.hrt.hr/aod/popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/37586/http://www.radioosijek.hrt.hr/aod/popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/37586/http://vijesti.hrt.hr/u-bih-poceo-popis-brojni-upiti-graanahttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/u-bih-poceo-popis-brojni-upiti-graanahttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/u-bih-poceo-popis-brojni-upiti-graanahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktTMaYy_rz0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktTMaYy_rz0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktTMaYy_rz0http://vijesti.hrt.hr/i-hrt-u-kampanji-za-popis-stanovnistva-u-bihhttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/i-hrt-u-kampanji-za-popis-stanovnistva-u-bihhttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/i-hrt-u-kampanji-za-popis-stanovnistva-u-bihhttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/i-hrt-u-kampanji-za-popis-stanovnistva-u-bihhttp://www.vecernji.ba/predsjednik-ivo-josipovic-poziva-bh-hrvate-na-popis-616847http://www.vecernji.ba/predsjednik-ivo-josipovic-poziva-bh-hrvate-na-popis-616847http://www.vecernji.ba/predsjednik-ivo-josipovic-poziva-bh-hrvate-na-popis-616847http://www.vecernji.ba/predsjednik-ivo-josipovic-poziva-bh-hrvate-na-popis-616847https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn9K4FC97Pchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn9K4FC97Pchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn9K4FC97Pchttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bn9K4FC97Pchttp://www.vecernji.ba/predsjednik-ivo-josipovic-poziva-bh-hrvate-na-popis-616847http://www.vecernji.ba/predsjednik-ivo-josipovic-poziva-bh-hrvate-na-popis-616847http://vijesti.hrt.hr/i-hrt-u-kampanji-za-popis-stanovnistva-u-bihhttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/i-hrt-u-kampanji-za-popis-stanovnistva-u-bihhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktTMaYy_rz0http://vijesti.hrt.hr/u-bih-poceo-popis-brojni-upiti-graanahttp://www.radioosijek.hrt.hr/aod/popis-stanovnistva-u-bih/37586/mailto:[email protected] -
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the Census, you will contribute to maintaining the constitutional equality of Croat people in Bosnia
and Herzegovina.44
Croatias Prime Minister, Zoran Milanovi, did not take part in the video-campaign. Instead, on the
fourth day of the census, he made a tour of the majority Croat-populated parts of BiH45, covered
extensively by both Croatian and BiH media, with a sole focus on establishing the connection betweenhis tour and the census. Although Milanovi hasnt explicitly linked the two (occasionally even
denying that such connection exists) 46 both Milanovis choice of officials he met and was
accompanied by, and the statements he gave, show that the timing and the route of this tour was hardly
a coincidence.47In some statements, he accentuated that he is visiting the places with significant Croat
populationand that he didnt take part in the TV campaign because you can always say something
wrong, which would offend someone in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but thats why I came here. I thinks
it is important to know how many people live in BiH, since BiH is, according to Dayton, structured the
way it is. It may not be the most fortunate way, but this is the state of, first and foremost, three ethnic
groups - or nations, if youll have it - Bosniaks, Croats and Serbs.48Going further into the topic of
Croats constitutiveness, he refrained from any explicit statements, but said he found it a little strange
44
Source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFGSsiE0nVs45Milanovi's route was thoroughly described in the media, including visits to Livno, Tomislavgrad, Rama, Kupres,Bugojno, Gornji Vakuf-Uskoplje, Kraljeva Sutjeska and Bobovac.46Zoran Milanovi u KraljevojSutjesci: Moja posjeta nema veze sa Popisom stanovnitva, Kakanj-X, 5.10.2013,URL:http://www.kakanj-x.com/zoran-milanovic-u-kraljevoj-sutjesci-moja-posjeta-nema-veze-sa-popisom-stanovnistva/47Milanovi has, reportedly, met almost exclusively with members of HDZ BiH party, including its leader Dragan oviand Vjekoslav Bevanda, the President of the Council of Ministers BiH (Milanovi: 'Nemam ja ta pozivati Hrvate dase popiu, znaju i bez mene', Jutarnji list, 4.10.2013, URL:http://www.jutarnji.hr/milanovic--nemam-ja-sta-pozivati-hrvate-da-se-popisu--znaju-oni-to-i-bez-mene/1130643/). On the other hand, his entourage included the Minister of
Defence, as well as the president of State Office for Croats outside of Croatia, Darija Krstievi, whose office was in themiddle of a small-scale diplomatic scandal related to the census (discussed further in the article).48Milanovi u BiH: 'Popis je vaan, prava - neupitna!', HRT, 4.10.2013, URL:http://vijesti.hrt.hr/milanovic-u-bih-
popis-je-vazan-prava-neupitna
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFGSsiE0nVshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFGSsiE0nVshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFGSsiE0nVshttp://www.kakanj-x.com/zoran-milanovic-u-kraljevoj-sutjesci-moja-posjeta-nema-veze-sa-popisom-stanovnistva/http://www.kakanj-x.com/zoran-milanovic-u-kraljevoj-sutjesci-moja-posjeta-nema-veze-sa-popisom-stanovnistva/http://www.kakanj-x.com/zoran-milanovic-u-kraljevoj-sutjesci-moja-posjeta-nema-veze-sa-popisom-stanovnistva/http://www.jutarnji.hr/milanovic--nemam-ja-sta-pozivati-hrvate-da-se-popisu--znaju-oni-to-i-bez-mene/1130643/http://www.jutarnji.hr/milanovic--nemam-ja-sta-pozivati-hrvate-da-se-popisu--znaju-oni-to-i-bez-mene/1130643/http://www.jutarnji.hr/milanovic--nemam-ja-sta-pozivati-hrvate-da-se-popisu--znaju-oni-to-i-bez-mene/1130643/http://www.jutarnji.hr/milanovic--nemam-ja-sta-pozivati-hrvate-da-se-popisu--znaju-oni-to-i-bez-mene/1130643/http://vijesti.hrt.hr/milanovic-u-bih-popis-je-vazan-prava-neupitnahttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/milanovic-u-bih-popis-je-vazan-prava-neupitnahttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/milanovic-u-bih-popis-je-vazan-prava-neupitnahttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/milanovic-u-bih-popis-je-vazan-prava-neupitnahttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/milanovic-u-bih-popis-je-vazan-prava-neupitnahttp://vijesti.hrt.hr/milanovic-u-bih-popis-je-vazan-prava-neupitnahttp://www.jutarnji.hr/milanovic--nemam-ja-sta-pozivati-hrvate-da-se-popisu--znaju-oni-to-i-bez-mene/1130643/http://www.jutarnji.hr/milanovic--nemam-ja-sta-pozivati-hrvate-da-se-popisu--znaju-oni-to-i-bez-mene/1130643/http://www.kakanj-x.com/zoran-milanovic-u-kraljevoj-sutjesci-moja-posjeta-nema-veze-sa-popisom-stanovnistva/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFGSsiE0nVsmailto:[email protected] -
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for a court to ask you to change your constitution49- a stand that would develop into a far more severe
attitude in the following months.50
But Milanovi's tour de BiH wasnt the prime of his administration's activities related to BiH census.
More explicit official activity came from The State Office for Croats outside of Republic of Croatia,51
which joined the campaign with the public call entitled Croat men and women, get enumerated... An
invite to participate in the population Census in BiH, October 1th-15th 2013. 52The text described
participating in the census as a moral, civic, but also patriotic obligation!, with serious repercussions
for the future of Croats in BiH: By participating in the census you make a great contribution to the
equality and political positioning of Croatian people as one of constitutive peoples in BiH!
Considering that this is a very important event, whose results are sure to have an impact on the future
position of Croatian people in BiH, the State office for Croats outside of Republic of Croatia calls for
all the Croats whose origins are in BiH, who live in Republic of Croatia and diaspora worldwide, to
get enumerated. We also call all the Croats in BiH to participate in the census.53It is further elaborated
that one needs not be present during the census, if there is an adult person in the household who can
49Jutarnji list, 4.10.2013.50In a recent interview given to Nino Raspudi, Milanovi explicitly stated that EU should change the political criteriafor BiH and stop requesting the implementation of Sejdi and Finci verdict, since it is wrong for a court to ask a countryto change its constitution. In the same interview, he advocated for the Croat questionto be resolved through eitherformal or informal means, concluding that it was wrong for eljko Komi to run for office the second time, although he
himself was, mistakenly, a supporter of his campaign at the time. (Reflex - intervju sa Zoranom Milanoviem -Premijerom RH, OBN TV, 08.06.2014, URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGmjRUzyGxk)51The office was established in 2012 by Zoran Milanovis government, with Daria Krstievi, who served as Bosniaand Herzegovinas Ambassador to Spain and Austria in two terms, appointed as the Head of the Office. 52The article, published on the State Offices website on 10.9.2013, has since been edited (including the title) more thanonce, due to reactions of civil society organizations in both Croatia and BiH. The original title and text are no longer
available online, except on the websites which shared it in its original form (see:http://www.hkz-
salzburg.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=730:popis&catid=81&Itemid=193). The second versionis only available in the Web Archive
(https://web.archive.org/web/20130914022618/http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-
poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013), while the third can still be found on the
original website.53Ibid.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGmjRUzyGxkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGmjRUzyGxkhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGmjRUzyGxkhttp://www.hkz-salzburg.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=730:popis&catid=81&Itemid=193http://www.hkz-salzburg.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=730:popis&catid=81&Itemid=193http://www.hkz-salzburg.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=730:popis&catid=81&Itemid=193http://www.hkz-salzburg.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=730:popis&catid=81&Itemid=193https://web.archive.org/web/20130914022618/http:/www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013https://web.archive.org/web/20130914022618/http:/www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013https://web.archive.org/web/20130914022618/http:/www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013https://web.archive.org/web/20130914022618/http:/www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013https://web.archive.org/web/20130914022618/http:/www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013https://web.archive.org/web/20130914022618/http:/www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013http://www.hkz-salzburg.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=730:popis&catid=81&Itemid=193http://www.hkz-salzburg.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=730:popis&catid=81&Itemid=193https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGmjRUzyGxkmailto:[email protected] -
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give an ID number, or a birth date for the person to be enumerated; adding that the enumerator is not
allowed to ask for any documents as a proof of the person's informationand all those who are absent
from their place of residency, can send the data to their families and they will be enumerated.
Considering the fact that this call was directed primarily to Croats living outside of BiH, these
instructions were basically in breach of the BiH Law on Census of Population, Households and
Dwellings' provision that persons who are absent from BiH for longer than one year are to be
enumerated through a special form, not by family members living in BiH.54The article also contained
instructions on how to answer the identity questions, namely those on nation/ethnicity, religion and
language:
It is of particular importance to declare yourself in the form P-1, clearly and individually, as:
- By nationality: Croat (question 24.)
- By religion: Catholic (question 25.)
- That your language is Croatian (question 26.)55
An immediate reaction came from Zagreb-based Center for Peace Studies, which demanded that
Krstievi removes the text from her office's website and apologize for the nationalist escapade
unpleasantly reminiscent of Republic of Croatia's policies of the 1990's.56A similar reaction followed
in a form of an open letter from a coalition of BiHs NGOs to the Croatian Prime Minister, requesting
him to apologise for meddling in BiHs internal affairs and officially distance himself and his
government from the disputed document.57Neither Krstievi nor Milanovi responded officially to
these accusations. However, the Office did edit the published text twice, erasing the most problematic
54The Law on Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2013, Article 40, Official
Gazette 10/12, URL:http://www.fzs.ba/Dem/Popis/Zakon_o_popisu-bh.pdf55See footnote 22.56Otvoreno pismo mr. sc. Dariji Krstievi, predstojnici Dravnog ureda za Hrvate izvan Republike Hrvatske,Centar za mirovne studije, 11.9.2013, URL:http://www.cms.hr/izjave-za-javnost/otvoreno-pismo-mr-sc-dariji-krsticevic-
predstojnici-drzavnog-ureda-za-hrvate-izvan-republike-hrvatske57Premijer Republike Hrvatske se mora ograditi od mijeanja u unutranje stvari Bosne i Hercegovine, KoalicijaJednakost, 12.9.2013, URL:http://zastone.ba/premijer-republike-hrvatske-se-mora-ograditi-od-mijesanja-u-unutrasnje-stvari-bosne-i-hercegovine/
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.fzs.ba/Dem/Popis/Zakon_o_popisu-bh.pdfhttp://www.fzs.ba/Dem/Popis/Zakon_o_popisu-bh.pdfhttp://www.fzs.ba/Dem/Popis/Zakon_o_popisu-bh.pdfhttp://www.cms.hr/izjave-za-javnost/otvoreno-pismo-mr-sc-dariji-krsticevic-predstojnici-drzavnog-ureda-za-hrvate-izvan-republike-hrvatskehttp://www.cms.hr/izjave-za-javnost/otvoreno-pismo-mr-sc-dariji-krsticevic-predstojnici-drzavnog-ureda-za-hrvate-izvan-republike-hrvatskehttp://www.cms.hr/izjave-za-javnost/otvoreno-pismo-mr-sc-dariji-krsticevic-predstojnici-drzavnog-ureda-za-hrvate-izvan-republike-hrvatskehttp://www.cms.hr/izjave-za-javnost/otvoreno-pismo-mr-sc-dariji-krsticevic-predstojnici-drzavnog-ureda-za-hrvate-izvan-republike-hrvatskehttp://zastone.ba/premijer-republike-hrvatske-se-mora-ograditi-od-mijesanja-u-unutrasnje-stvari-bosne-i-hercegovine/http://zastone.ba/premijer-republike-hrvatske-se-mora-ograditi-od-mijesanja-u-unutrasnje-stvari-bosne-i-hercegovine/http://zastone.ba/premijer-republike-hrvatske-se-mora-ograditi-od-mijesanja-u-unutrasnje-stvari-bosne-i-hercegovine/http://zastone.ba/premijer-republike-hrvatske-se-mora-ograditi-od-mijesanja-u-unutrasnje-stvari-bosne-i-hercegovine/http://zastone.ba/premijer-republike-hrvatske-se-mora-ograditi-od-mijesanja-u-unutrasnje-stvari-bosne-i-hercegovine/http://zastone.ba/premijer-republike-hrvatske-se-mora-ograditi-od-mijesanja-u-unutrasnje-stvari-bosne-i-hercegovine/http://www.cms.hr/izjave-za-javnost/otvoreno-pismo-mr-sc-dariji-krsticevic-predstojnici-drzavnog-ureda-za-hrvate-izvan-republike-hrvatskehttp://www.cms.hr/izjave-za-javnost/otvoreno-pismo-mr-sc-dariji-krsticevic-predstojnici-drzavnog-ureda-za-hrvate-izvan-republike-hrvatskehttp://www.fzs.ba/Dem/Popis/Zakon_o_popisu-bh.pdfmailto:[email protected] -
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parts.58No remorse was shown on the part of the Prime Ministerthe only vague reference he made
to the incident, were the somewhat patronizing comments quoted above, on the risk of offending
someone in BiH by saying something wrong.
When, in the beginning of February, a series of violent protests started spreading from Tuzla to other
cities in BiH including Mostar, the most prominent reaction came from Zoran Milanovi. At the time,
HDZ BiH has already put all its efforts into portraying the protests as an attack on Croats and a
political attempt to shut down cantonal governments in order to impose the centralist constitutional
order, rather than an expression of genuine dissatisfaction and anger of the people. 59Milanovi stated
that he went to BiH to calm things down, but, asked why he visited Mostar and not Sarajevo, he
played straight into HDZs narrative, with the additional motive of the new EU approach as the only
way to preventpresumably ethnicconflict:First of all, no one invited me to Sarajevo. I went to
Mostar because that is a two-nation city, ethnically, where a horrible thing has happened and it was
on a verge of violence and deaths happening. Fortunately, it didnt happen. () The killings almost
occurred. In Mostar. That is all I can say. Thats as clear as daylight. But my message was one of
European perspective of BiH, now I can talk about it more openly and more directly than before. (...)
Do you want to keep making impossible requirements for BiH and make up one requirement after
58Poziv za sudjelovanje u Popisu stanovnitva u BiH, 1.-15. listopada 2013., Dravni ured za Hrvate izvan RepublikeHrvatske, September 2013, URL:http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-
sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013.Even after the second edit, the attached PDF document,detailing the instructions on how to get enumerated properly remained the same, with passages such as this one:I have both Croatian and BiH citizenship. But, when I'm asked about my nationality, i saya Croat from CentralBosnia. I'm a believera Christian. How should I declare to the questions 24, 25. and 26? followed by an instructionidentical to the one which was later removed from the official website. (Najea pitanja: Popis stanovnitva,kuanstava i stanova u BiH 1.-15.listopada 2013., URL:http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/pdf/hmiu561628177.pdf)59Uspjeh protesta u BiH: Ipak je i srpska i hrvatska i bonjaka, Istinomjer, 10. 02. 2014, URL:http://istinomjer.ba/uspjeh-protesta-u-bih-ipak-je-srpska-hrvatska-bosnjacka/(English translation available at:http://bhprotestfiles.wordpress.com/2014/02/11/the-success-of-the-protests-is-serb-croat-and-bosniak/). All parties were,
also, equally quick to visit or invite their political allies outside Bosnia, with Dodik visiting Belgrade, Bakir Izetbegovihosting the Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs, while HDZ did their own national crisis diplomacy by bringingMilanovi to Mostar. Other ruling parties went for the same narrative, with the roles of attackers and the nationattacked reversed.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/pdf/hmiu561628177.pdfhttp://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/pdf/hmiu561628177.pdfhttp://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/pdf/hmiu561628177.pdfhttp://istinomjer.ba/uspjeh-protesta-u-bih-ipak-je-srpska-hrvatska-bosnjacka/http://istinomjer.ba/uspjeh-protesta-u-bih-ipak-je-srpska-hrvatska-bosnjacka/http://bhprotestfiles.wordpress.com/2014/02/11/the-success-of-the-protests-is-serb-croat-and-bosniak/http://bhprotestfiles.wordpress.com/2014/02/11/the-success-of-the-protests-is-serb-croat-and-bosniak/http://bhprotestfiles.wordpress.com/2014/02/11/the-success-of-the-protests-is-serb-croat-and-bosniak/http://istinomjer.ba/uspjeh-protesta-u-bih-ipak-je-srpska-hrvatska-bosnjacka/http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/pdf/hmiu561628177.pdfhttp://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013http://www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/123/hrvatice-i-hrvati-popisite-se-poziv-za-sudjelovanje-u-popisu-stanovnistva-u-bih-1-15-listopada-2013mailto:[email protected] -
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another as youve done so far, or do you want to give BiH a chance to enter into the dialogue with the
EU, to shut the mouths of all those who are trying to destroy BiH? Or do you want this frustration to
continue for the next 5 or 10 years?60The State Office for Croats outside of Croatia published a very
illustrative report on his visit, with conclusions such as: Asked why he came to Mostar and not
Sarajevo, Milanovi said that Mostar is the only bi-national environment, and that has its weight and
perils. () Milanovi also visited HDZ BiH headquarters, which was damaged in the unrests. HDZ
BiHs president Dragan ovi greeted him in the building and informed him that, during the unrests,
a crucifixion in the partys premises was also burnt down.61Another theory layed out by HDZ BiH is
that Mostaror, rather, its eastern part, where Croats are a majority did not rise to protest, but was
attacked from an outside (Bosniak) element. This was stated, among others, by HDZ BiHs Vjekoslav
Bevanda during Milanovis visit, when he stated that it was sheer luck that the protests didnt turn
into ethnic conflicts although no such intentions of the protestors were ever recorded; in fact, the
HDZ BiH and other political parties were the only ones who even mentioned it. I want to thank for
this friendly gesture and a visit of Croatian Prime Minister.Bevanda said, adding We are here to talk
about calming the situation down, about how its lucky that there was no reaction and no blood was
spilled.62
Milanovis line of implicit and watered-down consent with HDZs theories, paired with the EU as a
problem-solver narrative, was followed by Vesna Pusi, who also did acknowledge that there are
legitimate reasons for the protests, but added that there were different political manipulations, different
602u9 Romana Bolkovia, TV Jabuka, 13.2.2014, URL:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5r2dNYCHiw61Premijer Milanovi u Mostaru: Doao sam dati potporu smirivanju stanja, ali i europskoj perspektivi Bosne iHercegovine, 9.2.2014, URL: www.hrvatiizvanrh.hr/hr/novost/157/premijer-milanovic-u-mostaru-dosao-sam-dati-
potporu-smirivanju-stanja-ali-i-europskoj-perspektivi-bosne-i-hercegovine/62Milanovi u Mostaru o neredima: S BiH se uta i napucava ve 100 godina , Veernji list, 9.2.2014, URL:http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/milanovic-dosao-sam-u-mostar-smiriti-strasti-920059
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5r2dNYCHiwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5r2dNYCHiwhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5r2dNYCHiwhttp://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/milanovic-dosao-sam-u-mostar-smiriti-strasti-920059http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/milanovic-dosao-sam-u-mostar-smiriti-strasti-920059http://www.vecernji.hr/hrvatska/milanovic-dosao-sam-u-mostar-smiriti-strasti-920059https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q5r2dNYCHiwmailto:[email protected] -
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political agendas which is all true (...) so there is a genuine dissatisfaction there and partly that is the
reason why even when it is the political manipulationit works. Because it falls on fertile ground.63
However, Croatian MPs in the European Parliament were far more explicit in backing up the anti-
Croat conspiracy theories about the protests. HDZs Davor Ivo Stier called them a very clear message
sending the idea of Bosnia and Herzegovina centralized, organized as a unitarian state, without havingthe differences accomplishing a federal model. When asked about the fact that the protests were not,
in fact, connected to the issue of federalism, or any other ethnically-based issue, but to the people
united by poverty, Stiers reply was nothing short of preposterous: What we saw (in Mostar) was
actually something very dangerous. We saw people coming from the Bosniak part, the eastern part of
the city where there is a Bosniak majority, coming to the western part. It was a very volatile situation.
And they were in Mostar, which as you know is the main city of Herzegovina, chanting This is
Bosnia! and We want only a Bosnian nation, we want to get rid of Croats, we want to get rid of
Serbs and Bosniaks as national communities, we want only one nation, one leader... This is very
dangerous when we go down that road. It was very important that there was no counter-reaction to
that. Because if that have happened, we would have really a very dangerous situation and even a
conflict along the national or, if you want, ethnic lines. That was avoided, thank God, thanks to the
maturity of the people down there.64Apart from being entirely false in regards to the nature of the
protests in Mostar, this statement was, ironically, given on the same day when the police in Mostar has
set the first of the many barricades which would follow in the next weeks, to stop the protestors from
moving between the east and the west side of the city. In the following days, along with the protestors,
the cordon was moving across the wartime line of separation between the Bosniak and Croat forces,
63Speach on Johns Hopkins University, 28.2.2014, URL:www.mvep.hr/en/the-ministry/minister/speeches/speach-on-
johns-hopkins-university_,7584.html64Davor Stier, interview at New Europe Studios, New Europe, 3.3.2014, URL:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28fi9ZCp0lA.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.mvep.hr/en/the-ministry/minister/speeches/speach-on-johns-hopkins-university_,7584.htmlhttp://www.mvep.hr/en/the-ministry/minister/speeches/speach-on-johns-hopkins-university_,7584.htmlhttp://www.mvep.hr/en/the-ministry/minister/speeches/speach-on-johns-hopkins-university_,7584.htmlhttp://www.mvep.hr/en/the-ministry/minister/speeches/speach-on-johns-hopkins-university_,7584.htmlhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28fi9ZCp0lAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28fi9ZCp0lAhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28fi9ZCp0lAhttp://www.mvep.hr/en/the-ministry/minister/speeches/speach-on-johns-hopkins-university_,7584.htmlhttp://www.mvep.hr/en/the-ministry/minister/speeches/speach-on-johns-hopkins-university_,7584.htmlmailto:[email protected] -
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once again physically dividing the city along the ethnic lines. The standoff between the police and the
protestors repeated for weeks, with occasional reporting of police brutality against protestors.65
The war-like police barricades and documented reports of police brutality in Mostar, were, however,
utterly ignored by both Croatian officials and international community, otherwise rather willing to
debate the political background, constitutional repercussions and EU perspective of the protests.
Croatia in the European Union institutions
Bosnia and Herzegovina has been a subject of rather industrious activity of Croatia's representatives
in the EU institutions, from the MPs in the European Parliament to Croatia's minister of Foreign Affairs
in the Council of the European Union.
The search of online records of Croatian MPs in the European Parliament show that the first recorded
activity related to the issue of human rights in Bosnia and Herzegovina, came in a form of a joint
question to the Commission by SDP's Tonino Picula and HDZ's Davor Ivo Stier. Picula and Stier have
quickly formed somewhat of a team in the EP, explaining, on more than one occasion, how they
overcame ideological and political differences when it comes to policies on Bosnia. Picula has been a
vocal supporter on Stier's prime topicthe federalisation of BiH as a means of resolving the Croat
question, vouching for the Swiss model and consistent cantonization, while severely criticizingBosniaks in a rather threatening manner: Those who cringe to Dayton, especially amongst Bosniaks,
have to realize that this way things will go to hell and they have to take initiative. In terms of what I
suggested, in order to show a particularly tender care about healthy principles of togetherness and
65See:http://tacno.net/novosti/simbol-gradanskih-protesta-musica-hindic-tvrdi-policija-me-tukla/;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bOmpX27SQY;http://tacno.net/novosti/brutalnost-policije-priveden-i-pretucen-
voda-mostarskih-prosvjeda-muharem-hindic-musica/
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Ftacno.net%2Fnovosti%2Fsimbol-gradanskih-protesta-musica-hindic-tvrdi-policija-me-tukla%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEeVzR_hsDnYy7dksOYUTrvl3AN4ghttp://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Ftacno.net%2Fnovosti%2Fsimbol-gradanskih-protesta-musica-hindic-tvrdi-policija-me-tukla%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEeVzR_hsDnYy7dksOYUTrvl3AN4ghttp://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Ftacno.net%2Fnovosti%2Fsimbol-gradanskih-protesta-musica-hindic-tvrdi-policija-me-tukla%2F&sa=D&sntz=1&usg=AFQjCNEeVzR_hsDnYy7dksOYUTrvl3AN4ghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bOmpX27SQYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7bOmpX27SQYhttp://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Ftacno.net%2Fnovosti%2Fbrutalnost-policije-priveden-i-pretucen-voda-mostarskih-prosvjeda-muharem-hi