nrud; ,tuj vo ftpijj; njhfjpfs; gzp gupfpwhh. nguhrpupau; fh. … · - 84-jha;t pl • xf];l; 201...
TRANSCRIPT
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jha;tPL • Xf];l; 2011 - 83 -
º√´VƒV[(1932 - 2011)
E≈©∏>µ
Nguhrpupau;
fh. rptj;jk;gp:
Kbtw;w
Ma;Tj; Njly;
“Ma;T vd;gJ epue;jukhd Gyikj;Njly;. ehk; nra;Ak; Ntiyfs;$lf;$l Ma;T nra;Ak; mthTk;$bf; nfhz;Nl NghFk;. xU
E}Yf;Nfh my;yJ xU fl;Liuf;NfhjuTfs; Nrfupf;fg;gLtJld; mJ
epd;W tpLtjpy;iy”
- Nguhrpupau; fh.rptj;jk;gp
(÷È∫ÁÔloÚÕm ÿkπBVzD QV™D ÷>ø¬z kw∫˛B º√‚Ωl_)
1.Nguhrpupau; rptj;jk;gp mtu;fsplk; jkpioNah my;yJ
jkpopaiyNah Kiwahfg; gbf;fpw tha;g;G vdf;Ff;
fpl;ltpy;iy. mtUila vOj;Jf;fis kpFe;j Mu;-
t j ; J l D k ; j P t p u k h f T k ; e P z ; l f h y k h f t h r p j ; J
t e ; j p U f ; f p N w d ; . a h o ; g ; g h z j ; j p y ; , U e ; j e h l ; f s p y ;
ngUk;ghYk; mtUila vy;yh ciufisAk; Nfl;b-
Uf;fpNwd;. gy;NtW juq;fspYs;s vO j;jhsu;fSf;-
F k ; m t u ; n g U e ; j d ; i k A l D k ; r p y r k a q ; f s p y ;
c t i f A l D k ; t o q ; f p a K d ; D i u f i s A k ; t h r p j ; -
jpUf;fpNwd;. gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mtUld; jPtpukhf
K u z ; g l ; L t h j h b A k p U f ; f p N w d ; ( m t U i l a k W -
n k h o p : “ r u p a l h g ; g h > m i j t p L j i r e p i w a
,Uf;fpwjhy fdf;ff; fbf;fyhk; vz;L Nahrpf;fpwh-
ahf;Fk;!).
1984 - 1987 tiuahd fhyfl;lj;jpy;> aho;g;ghzj;jpyp-
U e ; J n t s p a h f p a Saturday Review M q ; f p y t h u, j o p y ; g z p G u p e ; j N g h J v q ; f s ; g z p k i d f ; F
m U f p y ; , U e ; j m f j p f s ; G d u ; t h o ; T f ; f o f k ; (TheRefugees Rehabilitation Organization -TRRO) v d ; D k ;m i k g ; G f ; F g ; n g h W g ; g h f r ; r p y f h y k ; m t u ; g z p -
ahw;wpa NghJk; gpw;ghL nfhOk;gpy; 1990 fspy; rup-
e p f u p y ; g z p a h w ; w p a N g h J k ; r p t j ; j k ; g p a t u ; f s p l k ;
M o k h f g ; g o f T k ; m b f ; f b M a ; T j ; J i w r h u ; e ; J
e P z ; l N e u k ; c i u a h l y ; f i s e p f o ; j ; j T k ; v d f ; F g ;
ngUtha;g;Gf; fpilj;jJ. vdJ Gyikj; jpul;rpf;Fk;
Ma;Tj;js mDgt tpupTf;F k; Nguhrpupau; rptj;jk;gp-
atu;fSldhf ,j;jifa ‘Kiwrhuh’ khztj;J tk;
k p f T k ; c W J i z a h f , U e ; j J . v d ; i d g ; N g h y
E } w ; W f ; f z f ; f h N d h u ; < o j ; j p Y k ; j k p o f j ; j p Y k ; g p w -
ehLfspYk; mtuplkpUe;J ,t;thW Cl;lk; ngw;wdu;.
nghJj; jsj;jpy; ,aq;Ffpw Gyikahsu;fs; (PublicIntellectuals) v y ; N y h U f ; F N k , j ; j i f a e w ; g z ; Gr h j ; j p a k h f p A s ; s j h v d ; W v z ; z j ; N j h d ; w p d h Y k ; >
r % f e P j p > N f h l ; g h L r h u ; e ; j f l g ; g h L > n g h J k f ; f s ;
e y d ; N g h d ; w t w ; i w j ; j k J t h o ; t p a y h f g ; N g Z -
g t u ; f S f ; F , g ; g z ; G j t p u ; f ; f K b a h j j h F k ; v d ; W
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Nrud; - ftpQH. ehlf MrpupaH.,tuJ VO ftpijj; njhFjpfs;
ntspahfpAs;sd. fdlh> tpd;rH
gy;fiyf;fofj ;jpy; r%ftpay;>
khDltpay; Jiwapy; Nguhrpupauhfg;
gzp GupfpwhH.
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- 84 - jha;tPL • Xf];l; 2011
ehd; fUJfpNwd;. nghJj; jsj;jpYk; nghJ
kf;fs; jsj;jpYk; ,ilawhky; ,aq;fp te;j
Gyikahsu; my;yJ mwpTrPtp vd;w
tifapy; rptj;jk;gp mtu;fis mstw;W
Nerpg;gtu;fSk; ,Ue;jdu;; fho;g;Gzu;Tld;
ntWj;jtu;fSk; ,Ue;jdu;. nghJkf;fs;
jsj;jpy; ,aq;Ffpw Gyikahsu;fs;
midtUf;FNk ,j;jifa epiy Vw;gL
tJ jtpu;f;f Kbahj xd;Wjhd;. vdpDk;>
jkf;fhd MjuitAk; vjpu;g;igAk; jk;
kPjhd tpUg;igAk; ntWg;igAk; kl;LNk
ftdj;jpy; vLj;J vtiuAk; mtu; ntWj;-
jJ fpilahJ. ngUq;fhw;iw epjhd-
khf vjpu; nfhs;fpw E}w;whz;Lg; goik
tha;e;j ngUkuk; Nghy mstw;w nghW
ikAk; epjhdKk; mtUf;Fupa ,ay;ghf
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ciuahly;fspy; mtuplkpUe;J ntspg;
gLk; MapDk; mit me;juq;fkhdit.
mit nghJ Nkilf;Fupait my;y.
aho;g;ghzk; gpui[fs; FO (1985)>
mfjpfs; Gdu;tho;Tf; fofk; (1986 - 1989)
Nghu; epWj;jf; fz;fhzpg;Gf;FO (1985-
1986) Mfpatw;wpy; mtu; gzpahw;wpa
fhyq;fs; mtUf;F kpfg; ngUk; rthyh
fTk; rq;flq;fisj; njhlu;e;J jUtjh
fTk; mr;RWj;jy;fs; epiwe;jjhfTk;
,Ue;jitahFk;. 85> 87 fhyfl;lj;jpy;
mfjpfs; Gdu;tho;Tf; fofk; gy neUf;
fbfisr; re;jpf;f Ntz;bapUe;jJ. Vuhs
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tho;Tf; fofj;Jf;F te;J FtpfpwJ
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fq;fsplKk; jPtpukhf ,Ue;jJ. vt;tif-
apyhapDk; mfjpfs; Gdu; tho;Tf;
fofj;ij my;yJ mjd; tsq;fisr;
#iwahbtpl Ntz;Lk; vDk; Ntl;ifAk;
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fq;fspd; ,j;jifa neUf;fbfSf;F
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Nghd;wjhFk;. cz;ikapy; mfjpfs; Gdu;
tho;Tf; fofk; epjptsk; kpFe;jjhf
vg;NghJNk ,Ue;jjpy;iy mfjpfs; Gdu;
tho;Tf; fofKk;> Saturday Review epW-tdKk; yz;ldpy; tho;e;J te;j fe;jrhkp
mtu;fspd; kpfTk; mu;g;gzpg;Gk;> jPtpu
ciog;Gk; tha;e;j Kaw;rpahy; ,aq;fp
te;jit. yz;ldpy; Gyk; ngau;e;J
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vjpu; nfhz;l rpf;fy;fs;> capuhgj;J
gw;wpAk; tptukhfNt vdf;Fj; njupe;jp-
Ue;jJ. ntspNa njupatuhj mtUila
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$lf; fe;jrhkp mtu;fisf; fhg;ghw;w
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jj;jpw;Fg; gpw;ghL ([_iy 1987) aho;g;gh
zk; jpUk;gpa mtiu Saturday Review> kdpjcupikfs; ,y;yk; (Home for HumanRights-HHR) Mfpatw;wpd; gzpfSf;Fj;jPtpukhf cjtpnra;J te;j Ff%u;j;jp
,yq;if murgilfshYk;
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Gypfs; Gupe;J nfhs;sj; jahuhf ,Uf;f
tpy;iy. vt;tifahd fz;ldq;fisNah
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sj; jahuhf ,y;yhj tpLjiyg; Gypfs;
mikg;G rptj;jk;gp mtu;fs; kPJ rPw;wk;
nfhz;ljpy; tpag;NgJk; ,y;iy. 1986,d;
gpw;gFjpapy; mtu; Nghu; epWj;jf; fz;fh
zpg;Gf; FOtpy; ,Ue;J tpyfp tpl;lhu;.
mtUila tpyfy; fbjk; xU Kf;fpa-
khd MtzkhFk;.
2
rptj;jk;gp mtu;fspd; nrhw;fspNyNa
nrhy;tjhdhy; mtUila ‘tpNrl Ma;
Tj;Jiwfs; ehd;fhFk;. 1. jkpoupd; r%f
,yf;fpa tuyhW. 2. jkpoupilNa gz;
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jkpopYk; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; mtUf;
fpUe;j jPtpu
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,yf;fpaj;ij nky;y nky;y tpl;Ltpl;Lr;
r%ftpay;> khDltpay;> fUj;jpay; Nghd;w
gpw mwpTj; JiwfSf;F mtu; rpwg;gplk;
toq;fj; Jtq;fptpl;lhu; vd;w Fw;wr;
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gad;jUk;. me;j tifapy;jhd; jkpo;> jkpo;
,yf;fpak;> ,yf;fpa tuyhW Nghd;wtw;
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tpupthd Mokhd> gy;Jiwg; gupkhzk;
nfhz;l Gyik newpf;Fr; nrOikAk;
Cl;lKk; tz;zKk; tdg;Gk; je;j xU
tuhf mtu; gupzhkk; ngWfpwhu;.
gpupj;jhdpahtpd; Centre for ContemporaryCultural Studies (CCS) epWtdj;jpdJk;gz;ghl;bay; fw;iffs; (cultural studies)JiwapdJk; %ytuhf tpsq;fpa StewartHall Mq;fpyg; Nguhrpupauhf ,Ue;J r%f
tpay; Nguhrpupauhf khwpatu;. ,yf;fp
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cwTfs;> Clhl;lq;fs; gw;wp Ma;T
nra;jtu;> gy;Jiw rhu;e;j Ma;tZF
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rptj;jk;gp mtu;fis trPfupj;jjpy; vt;tpj
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tpl;Lr; nrd;Ws;s rPupa Ma;Tj; jlq;f-
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Ntz;Lk;.
3
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jha;tPL • Xf];l; 2011 - 85 -gz;bjUila kfdhf mtH tsHe;jjhYk;>
NguhrphpaH fzgjpg;gps;is, nry;tehafk;MfpNahuJ Mq;fpyk; rhHe;j nry;thf;
if cs;thq;fpajhYk;> ,q;fpyhe;jpy;
njhk;rdpd; khu;f;rpa> fpNuf;f mwptpa
iyf; fw;wjhYk;> mtUila rpe;jidAk;>
ghHitAk; Gjpa jpiufis Nehf;fpr;
nrd;wd. NguhrphpaH rptj;jk;gpapd; kiw
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fhuzKk; mJjhd;. mtiug; Nghd;W
rpe;jpf;Fk; Gj;jp[Ptpfs; gyH vq;fs;
kj;jpapy; ,y;iy.
fle;j 35 Mz;Lfshf NguhrphpaH rptj;
jk;gpapd; epoypy; vd;Dila jkpopay;
MHtKk; tsHe;jJ. ,e;jf; fhyg; gphptpy;
NguhrphpaH rptj;jk;gp vOjpa E}y;fSk;>
Ma;Tf; fl;LiufSk; gy;NtW Jiwfis
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fhydpj;Jtk; tiuapy; Ma;Tf; fz;f
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khf Muhag;gl Ntz;ba tplakhFk;.
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gf;jp ,yf;fpak; mfepiy rhHG nfhz;lJ.
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slf;fp NguhrphpaH rptj;jk;gp Kd;nry;t
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mtUila rpe;jidapd; moFk;> El;gKk; njspthfpaJ. jkpio Kiwahff; fw;w
1975k;
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mikj;Jf;nfhz;lhNuh>mNj Nghd;W
mtUila Ma;tpy;gy kuGfisAk;
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-
- 86 - jha;tPL • Xf];l; 2011
njd;gJ kpfr; rpukkhdnjhd;whFk;.
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tpay;> Ez;fiy> muq;ftpay; Mfpa
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gbf;f Ntz;ba ,e;E}y; gpd;dH ‘gz;ilajkpo;r; r%fj;jpy; ehlfk;’ vd nkhopngaHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ.
Qhdk; nyk;gl;: gpujpahf;fk;> nkhopngaHg;G> newpahs;if>$j;J> ebg;G vd vOgjpw;F Nkw;gl;l ehlfq;fspy; gq;fhw;wpAs;shu;.
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-
jha;tPL • Xf];l; 2011 - 87 -
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mJ cs;slf;fj;jpd; r%f mk;rj;Jf;Fj;
jdp mOj;jk; nfhLj;J> mjd; r%fg;
ngWkhdj;ijAk; gad;ghl;L epiyiaAk;
typAWj;jpaJ. ,t;thwhd ,jidj; jkpo;r;
#oypy; mwpKfk;nra;J Nt&d;witj;j
Kjy; jiyKiw khu;f;]pau; tupirap
NyNa 1950fspy; rptj;jk;gpatu;fs; jkJ
cld;fy;tpj; Njhouhd ifyhrgjpatu;
fSld; (1933-82) ,ize;J jpwdha;-
tuq;fpy; mb gjpf;fpwhu;.
,t;thwhd Kaw;rpapy; mtu;fSf;F
Kd;Ndhbfshf mike;jtu;fs; vd;w
tifapYk; Vwj;jhor; rkfhyj;jpw; nraw;
gl;L epd;wtu;fs; vd;wtifapYk; gyu;
,q;F Fwpg;gplg;gl Ntz;batu;fs;.
g.[Pthde;jk;> njh.K.rp. uFehjd;> Mu;.Nf.
fz;zd;> v];.,uhkfpU\;zd;> eh.thd-
khkiy> jp.f. rptrq;fud;> K.fhu;j;jpNfad;>
Nf.fNz\;> m.e.fe;jrhkp> Nf. ,uhk-
ehjd; kw;Wk; ,.KUifad; vd ,g;
ngau;g;;gl;bay; njhlu;fpwJ.
khu;f;]paj;jpwdha;tpaiyj; jkpo;r; #oYf;F
mwpKfk; nra;Jepd;w rkfhyj;jtu; gy
Us;Sk; rptj;jk;gp kw;Wk; ifyhrgjp
Mfpa ,UtUk; xg;gPl;L epiyapy; Fwpj;j
rpy mk;rq;fspy; rpwg;G MSikfSlDk;
tha;g;GfSlDk; jpfo;e;jtu;fshtu;.
khu;f;]pa ,yf;fpaNehf;if Ma;TKiw-
apaY}lhf vLj;Jiuf;f ty;y Ma;T -
tpku;rfu;fshf (Scholar – Critics Mf)jpfo;e;jtu;fs; ,tu;fs;. cyfg; Gfo;ngw;w
khu;f;]patpay; mwpQuhd N[hu;[;
njhk;]d; vd;ghupd; topfhl;Ljypy; jj;jk;
fyhepjpg; gl;lq;fSf;fhd Ma;Tg; Gyik
ia tsu;j;Jf; nfhz;ltu;fs; ,tu;fs;
vd;gJ ,j;njhlu;gpy; ehk; kdq;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba nra;jpahFk;.
‘MSik’ vd;wtifapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f,d;ndhU rpwg;gk;rk;;> gz;ila rq;fg;
ghly;fs; Kjy; mw,yf;fpak;> gf;jp
,yf;fpak;> fhtpak;> rpw;wpyf;fpak;> ehty;>
rpWfij> etPd ftpij> ehlfk; kw;Wk;
ehl;lhu; tof;fpay; vd;gd tiuahd
midj;jpyf;fpag; gug;gAk; jOtpr; rkfhy
,yf;fpak; tiuapyhd jkpopyf;fpag;
gug;ig KOepiyapy; jpul;bg;ghu;j;Jf;
fUj;Jf; $wf;$ba msTf;F ,tu;fs;
ngw;wpUe;j ghu;it tpupT MFk;.
‘tha;g;G’ vd;wtifapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fmk;rk;> ,tu;fs; gy;fiyf;fofk;rhu;
Ma;twpQu;fshfj; jpo;e;jikahFk;. ,j
dhy; cau;fy;tpr; #oypy;> Ma;T khztu;
fs; kj;jpapy; - ,tu;fshy; jkJ jpwdha;
tpay; MSikfisr; rpwg;ghfg; gjpT
nra;aKbe;jJ. ,t;thwhd MSik
mk;rq;fs; kw;Wk; tha;g;Gfs; vd;gd
khu;f;]paj; jpwdha;tpay; mZFKiw
iaj; jkpo;r; #oYf;F Vw;w xd;whf
epWTtjpy; ngUe;Jiz Gupe;jd. ,j;
njhlu;gpy; ngUe;njhifahd fl;Liufis
,tu;fs; vOjpdu;. mtw;iwj; njhFj;J
E}y;fshf ntspapl;ldu;. rkfhyj;jpd;
gy;NtWtif Mf;f Kaw;rpfSf;Fk;
mzpe;Jiu vOjpdu;. jtpu> khu;f;]pa
rhu;ghdjhd rkfhy ‘Kw;Nghf;F ,yf;fpa ,af;f’j;ij topelj;Jk; Kf;fpajj;Jthrpupau;fshfTk; ,aq;fpdu;.
,tw;why; jkpofk; cl;glj; jkpo;
$Wk; ey;YyF rhu;e;j gy;Jiw ,yf;
fpathjpfspd; ftdpg;igAk; fzpg;igAk;
,tu;fs; va;jpdu;. 1970fspd; eLg;gFjp
tiuahd rptj;jk;gpatu;fspd; jpwdha;-
tpay; ,aq;FepiyahdJ ,t;thW jhd;
ekJ fhl;rpf;F tUfpd;wJ. ,f;fhyg;gFjp
rhu;e;j ,tUila jpwdha;tpay;rhu;
Kf;fpa vOj;jhf;fq;fs; vd;wtifapy;
‘jkpo;r; rpWfijapd; Njhw;wKk; tsu;r;rp
Ak;’ (1966)> ‘ehtYk; tho;f;ifAk;’ (1978)
Kjypatw;iwf; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
,uz;lhtJ fl;lk; -Nfhl;ghl;Lr; rpf;fy;fisAk;
GJtuTfisAk;vjpu;nfhz;lik:
1970fspd; ,Wjpg;;gFjpf;Fg; gpw;gl;l fhy
fl;lj;jpy; rptj;jk;gpatu;fspd; Ma;Trhu;
nraw;ghLfs; jkpopay;>
,e;jpar;; rpe;jid kuG Mfpait njhlHghf 100f;F Nkw;gl;l Ma;Tf;
fl;LiufSk; 10 E}y;fSk; ntspte;Js;sd.
jkpo;j; jpwdha;tpay;
tuyhw;wpy;
Nguhrpupau; fh. rptj;jk;gp:
Njhw;Wtha;: z;ikapy; ek;ik tpl;Lg;gpupe;j Nguhrpupau; fh. rptj;jk;gpatu;fs; gy;Jiw
MSiknfhz;l xU NguwpQuhthu;. gy;fiyf;fofj; jsj;jpy; epd;W
fy;tpg;gzpahw;wpa mtu;> me;j vy;iyf;fg;ghy; jkpo; cyfpy; gy;NtW
mwpTj;JiwapduhYk; ,yf;fpathjpfshYk; ed;fwpag;gl;l - mq;fPfupf;fg;
gl;l - xU rpe;jidahsUkhthu;. mtUila ,j;jF MSik tpuptpd; mbehjkhd
mk;rkhf mike;jit mtUila jpwdha;tpay; mwpTk; mj;njhlu;gpyhd mZF
KiwfSNkahFk;. mt;tifapy;> xU jpwdha;thsuhf mtu; ,aq;fp epd;w KiwikAk;
jkpo;j; jpwdha;tpay; tuyhw;wpy; mtu; tfpj;Js;s ghj;jpuKk; gw;wpa fzpg;Gfs; kpf
tpupthd jsj;jpy; ngUE}yhf vOjg;glNtz;bait. mt;thwhd tpupepiy Ma;Tf;F
mbg;gilahf mikaf;$ba Kf;fpa mk;rq;fisg;; gw;wpa xU njhlf;f epiyf;
Fwpg;ghfNt ,f;fl;Liu mikfpd;wJ.
m
khu;f;]paj; jpwdha;tpay;
mZFKiwiaj;jkpo;r; #oYf;F Vw;wxd;whf mwpKfk;
nra;tjpy; Kidg;Gld;nraw;gl;ltu;> mtu;.
njhlu;jy; 88k; gf;fk;
-
- 88 - jha;tPL • Xf];l; 2011
mEgtq;fis ikag;gLj;jp tpuptila-
yhapw;W. jkpof muR> jkpofg; gy;fiyf;
fofq;fs; kw;Wk; cauha;T epWtdq;fs;
Mfpatw;wpd; miog;Gf;fpzq;f mk;kz;-
Zf;Fg; gyKiw gazq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;
sTk; khjf;fzf;fpy; mq;F njhlu;e;J
tho;e;J Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;sTk; mtu;
tha;g;Gg; ngw;whu;. mt;thwhd #oy;fspy;
mk;kz;zpd; gilg;ghspfs;> jpwdha;th-
su;fs; MfpNahUld; neUf;fkhd cwT
fisj; jpl;lg;ghq;Fld; Ngzpa mtu;>
rkfhyj;jpy; Gyk;ngau; #oy;fspd; ,yf;
fpathjpfSlDk; rPupa njhlu;Gfis
Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;lhu;. ,t;thwhd ,yf;
fpaj; njhlu;Gfspy;> ‘khu;f;]paj; jpwdha;tpaw; ghu;it rhu;e;j Nfhl;ghl;Lr; rpf;fy;
fisAk; mikg;gpay; rhu;e;j GJtuthd
rpe;jidfisAk; mtu; vjpu;nfhz;lhhu;.
,q;F Nfhl;ghl;Lr; rpf;fy;fs; vdg;gLtd
‘khu;f;]paj;Jf;fhd nghUj;jkhd jpw-dha;Tg; ghu;it vJ?’ vd;gij tiuaiwnra;Jnfhs;tJ njhlu;ghdjhFk;. khu;f;-
]pak; vd;w jj;Jtk;> jhd; cUthd
fhyfl;lj;jpy; jdf;nfdf; fiy> ,yf;
fpaf; Nfhl;ghLfis cUthf;fpf;nfhz;
bUf;ftpy;iy. mjd; %ytu;fshd fhu;y;
khu;f;]; (Karl Marx- 1818 - 1883) kw;Wk;gpunlupf; Vq;fy;]; (Friedrich Engels 1820-1895)MfpNahu; mit njhlu;ghd rpy fUj;J
fis kl;LNk mt;tg;NghJ Kd;itj;J
te;Js;sdu;. u\;ahtpy; khu;f;]pa murpay;
Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;l #oypy; ];lhypDila
Ml;rpapNy mtUila MrpAld; 1934,y;
Nrh\yp] ajhu;j;jthjk; vd;Dk; ngaupy;
xU Nfhl;ghL cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. Nrh\yp]
murpaYf;F Kjd;ikaspj;Jg; gilg;gh-
spapd; RaNju;Tr; Rje;jpuk;> mofpay;rhu;
mEgt epiyfs; Kjyhdtw;iwg; gpd;js;-
Stjhd njhdpg;nghUs;nfhz;l ,JNt
jkpo;r; #oypy; khu;f;]paj; jpwdha;tpay;
mwpKfkhd 1940 - 60 fhyg;gFjpapy;
Nfhl;ghl;L tbtpy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ.
1970fs; tiu ,JNt jkpo;r; #oypy;
typAWj;jg;gl;Lte;jJ.
,jw;F khw;whf> gilg;ghspfspd; mEgt
mk;rq;fSf;Fk;> mit gilg;ghff; fl;l-
ikg;nga;Jk; epiyfSf;;Fk; cupa kjpg;g
spj;J tpku;rpg;gjhd Nehf;fpyhd khu;f;]pa
,yf;fpar; rpe;jidfs; rpy jkpo;r; #oypy;
1970fspy; mwpKfkhapd. tho;tpd; mEgt
mk;rq;fspypUe;Nj ,yf;fpak; gpwf;fpd;wJ
vd;w mbg;gilapy; cUthd ghu;itfs;
,it. ‘gilg;ghsp jdJ murpaw; rhu;ig(tu;f;fr; rhu;ig) vOj;jpNy type;J GFj;j
Kw;gLk; epiyapy; gilg;gpd; mEgt
mk;rj;Jf;Fk; mJ rhu;e;jjhd fiyj;
jd;ikf;Fk; CW Neu;e;JtpLk;’ vd;gjhdvr;rupf;ifAzu;tpdbahf ntspg;gl;l
rpe;jidfNs ,it. khu;f;]pa %ytu;-
fspnyhUtuhd Vq;fy;]; kw;Wk; u\;ah
tpy; khu;f;]pa murpaiy Kd;ndLj;j
tu;fspy; Kf;fpakhd xUtuhd ypNahd;
uhl;];fp (Leon Trotsky) MfpNahuplk;fUf;nfhz;bUe;j ,t;thwhd vz;zf;
$Wfs; gpd;du; N[Hu;[; Yhfhf;];(GeorgLukacs, 1885-1971)> me;NjhdpNah fpuhk;rp(Antonio Gramsci, 1891-1937)> N`gu;lkhu;f;A+]; (Herbert Marcuse, 1898-1979)>gpau; nk\up (Pierre Meshery, 1938-) Kjypa(u\;ahTf;Fmg;ghyhd) INuhg;gpaehLfs;
rhu;e;j khu;f;]par; rpe;jidahsu;fshy;
tsu;j;njLf;fg;gl;ld. ,t;thwhd ghu;it
fs; gyTk; nghJthf tpkuprd ajhu;j;j
thjk; vd;w ‘gilg;gpaw; nfhs;if’ahf,dq;fhzg;gLtdthFk;.
mofpaYf;F Kjd;ikaspf;Fk; ,t;tifr;
rpe;jidfs; khu;f;]paj;jpd; tu;f;fg;
Nghuhl;l czu;ntOr;rpia kOq;fbf;ff;
$bait vd;w tifapyhd fUj;Njhl;lk;
khu;f;]pa ,yf;fpathjpfSs; xUrhuh-
upilNa mf;fhyg;gFjpapy; epytpaJ.
,d;Wtiu mtu;fsplk; mr;rpe;jid
njhlu;fpd;wJ. ,jw;F Nenujpuhd epiyg;
ghl;il khu;f;]paUs; ,d;ndhU rhuhu;
Nkw;nfhz;ldu;. ,tu;fs;> gilg;ghS
ikf;F kjpg;gspg;gjhd ,t;thwhd Gjpa
rpe;jidfs; khu;f;]paj;Jf;Fg; GJtho;-
tspf;Fk; vd;W fUjp tuNtw;wdu;.
,e;j Kuz;ghl;bNy ,uz;bdJk; ‘rhjf– ghjf’ mk;rq;fis xU ‘nfhs;ifj;njspTs;s’ khu;f;]pathjpahf epd;Wepjhdpj;J tuyhw;Wg; ghu;itAld; tpsf;fp
Aiuf;Fk; gzpia rptj;jk;gpatu;fs;
Nkw;nfhz;lhu;. u\;ahTf;F mg;ghyhd
INuhg;gpa kz;zpy; cUthd khu;f;]pa
rpe;jidfs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glNtz;bad
vd;gijNa mtu; jkJ vOj;JfspYk;
fUj;juq;f ciufspYk; gyKiw typ-
AWj;jp te;Js;shu;. ,j;njhlu;gpNy> mtu;
jkJ ,yf;fpaKk; fUj;JepiyAk; vd;w
E}ypy; Kd;itj;Js;sjhd> “,yf;fpak;
vd;gJ ntWk; fUj;Jf; Nfhitad;W.
mJ moFzu;r;rpAld; rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ.
fUj;jhokw;w> Mdhy; fiyaoFs;s Xu;
Mf;fk; ,yf;fpakhff; fUjg;glyhk;.
Mdhy; fiyaofw;w fUj;jhoKw;w
Mf;fk; ,yf;fpakhfhJ.” vd;w Fwpg;G(1982. g.19) Kf;fpakhdJ.
1980fspy; jkpo;r; #oYf;F mwpKfkhd
itahd mikg;gpay; kw;Wk; gpd; mikg;
gpay; rpe;jidfs; fiy> ,yf;fpak;
vd;gtw;Wf;F cstpay;> nkhopapay;
r%ftpay; Kjyhd mwptpay; jsq;fspy;
tpsf;fk; ju Kw;gl;litahFk;. ,tw;wpd;
njhlu;r;rpahfj; jkpo;r; #oYf;F
mwpKfkhd gpd; etPdj;Jt rpe;jidfs;
mlf;fpnahLf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; eyd;fU
jpa - Fwpg;ghfj; jypj;jpak;> ngz;zpak;
kw;Wk; tpspk;G epiy tho;tpay; vd;gd
rhu;e;j - El;gkhd ghu;itfisAk; mZF
KiwfisAk; Kd;dpWj;jpd. khu;f;]pa
jj;Jtj;ijg; gpd; - khu;f;]pak; (Post -Marxism) vd;gjhd epiyf;F ,l;Lte;Jtpsf;fk; jUk; epiyiaAk; gpd; etPdj;
Jtj;jpy; Nehf;fpawpayhk;. ,itahTk;
jopo;j; jpwdha;tpaw; #oypd; 1980f;Fg;
gpw;gl;ljhd rkfhy epiyikfshFk;.
,t;thwhd Gjpa tuTfis> ‘nfhs;ifj;njspTs;s xU khu;]pathjp vt;thW
vjpu;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;?’ vd;gijAk;> ‘,itnjhlu;gpy; ehfupfkhd Kiwapy; tpth-
jq;fis vg;gb Nkw;nfhs;syhk;?’ vd;gijAk; rptj;jk;gpatu;fs; jkJ vOj;J
fspYk; ciufspYk; ekf;F czu;j;jp
As;shu;. Nkw;gb Gjpa tuTfspd; mk;
rq;fs; rpy> khu;f;]paj;jpDila ‘r%fg;gad;ghL’ vd;w mbg;gil Nehf;fpidvt;thW kWjypf;fpd;wd vd;gijAk;
‘Kjyhspj;Jt’j;jpd; ‘kiwKff;fuq;’fSk;‘gFj;jwpTf;nfht;thj ghu;it’fSk;ve;j msTf;F ,tw;wpy; njhopw;gLfpd;wd
vd;gijAk; ,tu; tpupthfNt rpe;jpj;J
vLj;Jiuj;Js;shu;.
me;epiyikfspy; khu;f;]paj;jpd; cs;-
shu;e;j ‘tPupa’ mk;rq;fis El;gkhf vLj;Jiuj;J mjid epiy epWj;Jk; xU
‘jsfu;j;ju;’ Mf mtu; nghWg;Gzu;Tld;nraw;gl;lhu;. jkJ cld; Njhouhd
ifyhrgjpatu;fs; 1982,y; ,aw;if va;jp
ajd; gpd;duhd tuyhw;Wf;fl;lj;jpy;
rptj;jk;gpatu;fs; jdpepiyapy; vjpu;
nfhs;s Neu;e;j gpur;rpidfs; ,it
vd;gJk; ,k;Kaw;rpapy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f
msT ntw;wpAk; ngw;Ws;shu; vd;gJk;
,q;F kdq;nfhs;sNtz;bad.
Nkw;Rl;bathwhd Nfhl;ghl;Lr;rpf;fy;fs;
kw;Wk; GJtuTfs; vdgtw;iw vjpu;nfhs;
tJ njhlu;ghf rptj;jk;gpatu;fs; ntspg;
gLj;jpa rpe;jidfis gy;NtW re;ju;g;
gq;fspy; mtu; vOjpa fl;Liufs;> E}y;fs;
kw;Wk; Neu;fhzy; gjpTfs; Kjypatw;wpy;
fz;L njspayhk;. ,t;tifapy; jdpf;
ftdj;Jf;Fupa Kf;fpa Mf;fq;fshf>
,yf;fpaKk; fUj;JepiyAk;(1982)> etPdj;Jtk; - jkpo; - gpd;
etPdj;Jtk;(2001)> tpku;rdr; rpe;jidfs;
(2001)> fhu;j;jpNfR rptj;jk;gpapd; Neu;
fhzy;fs; (2003)> fhu;j;jpNfR rptj;jk;gp
- ,yf;fpaKk; tho;f;ifAk; (2005) Kjypa
E}y;fisAk; fizahop 1999 Mf];l;>
etk;gu; ,jo;fspyplk;ngw;Ws;s mtuJ
,U fl;LiufisAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;.
Nkw;gb Nfhl;ghl;lk;rq;fs; njhlu;ghfTk;
Gjpa tuTfs; njhlu;ghfTk; ekJ rk
fhyj;jpy; ,t;thW MokhdJk; ehfupf
khdJkhd jpwdha;tpay; tpthjq;fSf;
Fs; jd;id mk;kz;zpd; ekJ jiyKiwapd;
Kf;fpa jpwdha;thsuhfj; jpfo;gtUk;
mikg;gpaiyj; jkpOf;F mwpKfQ;nra;
jtUkhd jkpotd; mtu;fspd;>
“...mtuJ me;j tpsf;fj;jpy; vd;idf;ftu;e;j Kjy; tp\ak; vt;tsT ehfupf
khf tpthjk; nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;W mtu;
fw;gpf;fpwhu; vd;gJ. NtW fUj;Jf;fs;
nrhy;yg;gl;lTld;> czu;r;rptrg;gl;L
Mf;Nuh\k; nfhs;Sk; ek; #oypy; Nguh.
fh. rptj;jk;gp nrhy;ypj;jUk; ,e;jg;ghlk;
tpthjj;jpy; njhy;fhg;gpaKk; ftp
ijAk;(2007) kw;Wk; jkpopd; ftpijapay;
(2007) Mfpa jiyg;Gfspyhd E}y;fspw;
gjpthfpAs;sd. ,tw;iwAk; cs;slf;fp
mtuJ jpwdha;tpaw; gq;fspg;Gfs; njhlu;
ghd ,g;ghu;it vjpu;fhyj;jpy; NkYk;
tpupTngWk;.
Nguhrhd; rpwg;gpjo;
,yf;fpak; vd;gJ ntWk; fUj;Jf;Nfhitad;W. mJ moFzu;r;rpAld;rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ. fUj;jhokw;w> Mdhy;fiyaoFs;s Xu; Mf;fk; ,yf;fpakhff;fUjg;glyhk;. Mdhy; fiyaofw;wfUj;jhoKw;w Mf;fk; ,yf;fpakhfhJ.
epow;glk;: rhe;jd; (,q;fpyhe;J)
-
jha;tPL • Xf];l; 2011 - 89 -tuyhw;wpYk; mjdhy; mjDila gz;
ghl;bYk; cs;s
khHf;]paj;jpy; ,Ue;j MHtk; fhuzkhf
mt;thW ghHf;fpd;w xU jd;iknahd;W
Vw;gl;lJ. r%f epiynfhz;L mjDila
mbj;js epiyapypUe;J ghHf;fpw jd;ik
tsHe;jJ vd;W fUJfpNwd;. ,jdhy;
cz;ikapy; vd;Dila Ma;T mtHfSk; tp\ak; njhpe;jtHfs;
jhd;. gz;bjH ,sKUfd;> gz;bjH
eluh[h ,tHfs; vy;NyhUk; rpy;yiw
Ml;fs; my;y. ,sKUfd; vdJ je;ij
ahhpd; MrphpaH ethypa+H NrhkRe;jug;
Gythpd; kfd;. vdJ je;ijahhpd; tFg;Gr;
rfghb. ,sKUfd; vdJ IahTf;F
xUKiw vOjpdhH. ‘Kw;Nghf;Ff;fhuH
fSf;F vjpuhf ehq;fs; itj;jP];tu
tpj;jpahyaj;jpy; xU $l;lk; $LfpNwhk;’>mjw;F tUk;gb miog;G tpLj;jhH. gz;
bjHfis mioj;jpUe;jhH. miog;gpjopy;
,d;dhH ,d;dhH NgRfpwhHfs; vd;W
Nghlg;gl;bUe;jJ. vdJ ngaUk; mjpy;
,Ue;jJ. Iah $l;lj;Jf;Fg; Nghftpy;iy.
‘ePq;fs; miog;gpjopy; Fwpg;gpl;l xUtHvdJ kfd;’ vd;W Iah ,sKUfdhUf;Fg; gjpy; mDg;gpapUe;jhuhk;.
xU Kiw> ‘mirahj Fl;il ePuy;y kuG’vd;W ehd; vOjpNdd;. ,sKUfdhH
nrhd;dhH> ‘mirahj Fl;il ePud;WkuG’ vd;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ‘my;y’ vd;W,Uf; ff;$lhJ. xUikf;F ‘md;W’ jhd;tUk;. gd;ikf;Fj;jhd; ‘my;y’ tUk;.mij ehd; ,d;Wtiuf;Fk; kwf;ftpy;iy.
mtHfsplk; gbj;jij kwf;f KbahJ.
,yf;fzg; gpio gpiojhNd! ehd;
mjw;fhf ,yf; fzk; gbj;Njd;.
mtHfSf;F te;j gpur; rpid
vd;dntd;why;> mtHfs; njhy;fhg;-
gpaj;ij> ed;D}iy jq;fSilaJ vd;W
epidj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f> ehq;fSk;
njhy;fhg;gpaj;ij> ed;D}iy vLj;Jf;
fhl;bf; ifahSk;nghOJ rpf;fy; Vw;gl;lJ.
Mq;fpy kugpy; ehq;fs; vOjNtz;ba
Njitfs; Vw;gl;ld. kw;wtHfSld;
vjpHj;J thjhl Ntz;ba NjitAk; ,Ue;
jJ. njspT ,y;yhky; thjhl KbahJ.
Mifahy; vq;fSila vjphpfSk; vq;-
fis tsHj;jhHfs;;;; tsHf;fpwhHfs;. ehd;,jidf; fpz;lyhfr; nrhy;ytpy;iy.
n cq;fsJ FLk;gg;ghuk;ghpaj;jpy; ,Ue;JMSikapd; rpy$Wfs;cq;fSf;F te;jpUg;gjhff;$wpdPHfNs. Kw;Nghf;Fg;ghHitapy;> ghuk;ghpaj;jpy;,Ue;J ,itnay;yhk; te;jdvd;gij Vw;f KbAkh?
mJ xU Kf;fpakhd Nfs;tp. ,e;jf;
nfOk;gpUe;J ntspahFk; Qhdk; ,jOf;F
Nguhrpupau; fhu;j;jpNfR rptj;jk;gp toq;fpa Neu;fhzypypUe;J
rpy gFjpfs;. Nguhrhd; rpwg;gpjopd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fUjp
,q;F gpuRupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
Neu;fz;ltu; jp. QhdNrfud;.
Nguhrpupaupd;
Neu;fhzypypUe;J...
n jkpo; ,yf;fpak;> r%fk;> gz;ghL> jkpo; ,yf;fpa tpkHrdk; Mfpagy;NtW Jiwfspy; gzpahw;wpAs;sPHfs;. ,e;jg; gpd;dzpapy;ePq;fs; cq;fis vt;thW ,dq;fhz;fpwPHfs;?
vd;Dila tpNrl Ma;Tj;Jiwfnsd ePq;fs; nrhd;dtw;iw cs;slf;fp ehd; ,tw;iw
ehd;fhfg; gphpg;gJ tof;fk;. 1. jkpohpd; r%f ,yf;fpa tuyhW. 2. jkpohpilNa
gz;ghLk; njhlHghlYk;. 3. jkpo; ehlfk; 4. ,yf;fpa tpkHrdk;.
cz;ikapy; ,it vy;yhtw;iwAk; njhFj;Jg; ghHf;ff;$ba xU epiyik
te;jjw;Ff; fhuzk;> vdf;Fj; jkpopyf;fpaj;jpYk; jkpo;r; r%fj;jpYk; jkpo;r; r%f
xU Kiw>‘mirahj Fl;ilePuy;y kuG’ vd;Wehd; vOjpNdd;.,sKUfdhHnrhd;dhH>
‘mirahj Fl;ilePud;W kuG’
vd;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.‘my;y’ vd;W,Uf;ff;$lhJ.xUikf;F
‘md;W’ jhd; tUk;.gd;ikf;Fj;jhd;‘my;y’ tUk;. mij ehd;,d;Wtiuf;Fk;kwf;ftpy;iy.
njhlu;jy; 91k; gf;fk;
epow;glk;: rhe;jd; (,q;fpyhe;J)
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- 90 - jha;tPL • Xf];l; 2011
Nguhrpupau; rptj;jk;gp ,sfpa kdKk;>
rf[khd FzghtKk;> r%f mf;fiwAk;>
rPupa mwpTj; jpwDk; kpf;ftu; vd fdlh
vOj;jhsu; ,izak; elhj;jpa mQ;rypf;
$l;lj;jpy;$l gyu; vLj;Jiuj;jpUe;jhu;
fs;. ,j;jifa cq;fs; Fzeyd;fspy;
ahUf;Fj;jhd;> vd;d khWghL ,Ue;J
tpl KbAk;? ehd; ,yf;fpafhud;. mjdhy;
mJ Fwpj;j tp\aq;fspNyNa vd; mf;-
fiw gw;Wf; fk;gpnawpe;J gluKbAk;.
cq;fs; mwpTg; Gyk; tpupe;j kw;iwa
Jiwfs;> Fwpg;ghf ehlf> ,ir> murpay;
Jiwfs;gw;wp ehd; ,q;Nf nrhy;;yg;
Nghtjpy;iy.
,yf;fpa tpku;rdj;jpd; Clhf ePq;fs;
fz;lile;j vOj;Jf;fspy; etPd ,yf;-
fpaj;jpd; xU jPtpu thrfNdh gilg;gh
spNah NtW fz;liljy;fisr; nra;J
Kuz;epiyaila epiwa tha;g;gpUf;fp
wJ. mit Fwpj;Jk; NgRk; jUzkpy;iy
,J.
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dpy;iy. cq;fsJ Ciur; Nru;e;jtD
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isNa ghlq;fshff;nfhz;L ePz;lfhyk;
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gazj; jpir xd;wha; ,Ug;gtu;fs; NtW
NtW topfspy; gazpg;gJ elf;ff;$baJ
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,yf;FfSk; Ntwhf ,Uf;ff;$Lk;.
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fhd Njit fUjp ,e;j tp\aq;fis
NkNyhl;lkhfr; nrhy;ypf;nfhz;L NkNy
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Iah> cq;fis cq;fs; vOj;Jf;fsp
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Kfkhf mwpa Neu;e;Njd; vd;gij vd;dhy;
epidTnfhs;s Kbatpy;iy. MdhYk;
mJ mNefkhf jkpo;ehl;by; ehd; tho
Neu;e;j fhyj;jpy;> ePq;fs; tUifjU
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fofj;jpy; gzpahw;wpaNghJ epfo;e;jpUf;
fyhk; vd xU Qhgf Kbr;R mtpo;e;J
Rlu;tpupf;fpwJ.
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jkpoha;T tpohtpy;jhd; me;j Kjy; re;-
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ehNd vg;NghJk; vtUf;Fk; mwpKfg;
gLj;jpajpy;iynad;gJ vd;dstpy; ,d;W
kpUf;Fk; vd; fu;tk;. vd; mlq;fpa Rgh
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epr;rakhf ,Uf;fKbAk;. xU tpoh ehspy;
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jkpotNdh ahNuh
vd;id cq;fSf;F xUrkak; mwpKf
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thrpj;jjpy;iynad;Wk; ePq;fs; $wpdPu;fs;.
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kha;j; jq;fpapUf;fpwhu;> ,uz;L %d;W
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gy;fiyf;fof tpUe;jpdu; tpLjpapy;
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te;jhy; epiwag; Ngryhk; vd;Wk; $wp
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khztu;fsplk; cq;fis te;J ghu;f;Fk;
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nghOjhf te;J cq;fisr; re;jpg;Ngd;.
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jpapy; te;J ehd; cq;fisr; re;jpj;j
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itf;fNt KbahJ’ vd;W md;W ePq;fs;$wpa thu;j;ijfis vd;dhy; ,d;Wk;$l
kwf;f Kbahky;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ> Iah.
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gy tp\aq;fis myrp Muha;e;Jk; cs;
Nsd; vd;gJ vdf;Fg; ngUikahfNt
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ahj rpy$Wfis ehd; njhl;Lf;fhl;LtJ
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ehs; khiyapy;. ePq;fs; tutpUg;gjhd
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Nghf;fhl;bf;nfhz;L epw;fpNwd;. mg;NghJ
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NghJjhd; ePq;fs; te;Jtpl;lik $l;l
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eyk; Fiwe;jpUe;j NtisapYk; Kjyhk;
khbf;F efu;j;jpa gpuahirapy; Nky;
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my;yJ fhu; trjpNaDk; nra;J nfhLj;
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,e;jf; fhNyhL vdf;F Vwp ,wq;FtJ
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rpwpJNeuj;jpy; $l;lk; Muk;gkhfpwJ.
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md;W gpd;etPdj;Jtj;ijg;gw;wp NgRfpwPu;
Njtfhe;jd;: jpUg;G+u; jkpo;r; rq;f ,yf;fpag; gupR> jkpo;ehL ehty;
,yf;fpag; gupR Nghd;wd. ‘fdTr; rpiw’ kfhehty;> ‘Aj;jj;jpd;
Kjyhk; mjpfhuk;’> ‘fjhfhyk;’> ‘neUg;G’ Nghd;w gjpd;%d;W
E}y;fs; ,Jtiu ntspte;Js;sd.
Nguhrpupau; fh. rptj;jk;gp
mQ;rypaha; xU
epidTg; gfpu;T
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xU kha ,Ul; Nghu;itahf nra;jp kl;Lk; kdj;jpd; xU %iyap
ypUe;J nky;y nky;y tpahgfkhfp te;jJ. ve;j kJTf;Fk;$l fl;Lg;
glhj Mf;Nuh\k; nfhz;bUe;jJ me;jr; Nrhfk;.
thu ,jo;fspy; te;jgb ,Ue;jd.
kdk; ryryj;jJ. cq;fs; kiwT cz;ikapy; khwhf mtiug; Gupe;Jnfhz;l
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Iah>
gilg;G> gbg;gpg;G ve;jxU Jiwapnyd;whYk;ciog;G Kf;fpak;.,y;yhtpl;lhy;,Uf;Fkplj;ijj;jf;fitf;fNtKbahJ’
njhlu;jy; 91k; gf;fk;
-
jha;tPL • Xf];l; 2011 - 91 -
fs;. Iah> gy;NtW E}y;fspD}lhfTk;
Gupar; rpukg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;j gpd;etPdj;-
Jtk;gw;wp ehd;; njspthd Muk;gj;ij
mile;jJ md;Wjhd;. gpd;du;$l gy;NtW
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ePq;fs; gpd;etPdj;Jtj;-
ijg;gw;wp vOjTk;> NgrTk; nra;jpUf;fp
wPu;fs;. Mdhy; jkpo;ehL Kw;Nghf;F
vOj;jhsu; rq;f Mjutpy; eilngw;w
md;iwa $l;lj;jpy; ePq;fs; epfo;j;jpa
Ngr;Rf;F ciwNghlf; fhzhJ mit-
nay;yhk;.
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gl;bayhfg; Nghl;lgb ,Uf;fpd;wd
gj;;jpupiffs;. ,itnay;yhk; Mz;L kyu;
fSf;Fk;> gy;fiyf; fof rQ;rpifSf;
Fk;> gj;jpupiffspd; NjitfSf;fhfTk;
ePq;fs; vOjpa fl;Liufs;jhNd vd;W
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ePq;fs; vOjpa me;j E}Yf;F cs;sJ.
gy jlitfs; me;j E}iy ehd; thrpj;
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E}iy> mg;gbnahU tskhd Kd;Diuia
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caHe;jJk; my;y. ty;ntl;bj;Jiw
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njy;ypg;gis Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; mJ
jho;e;jjhff; fUjg;gLtNj ,y;iy.
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shjhug;gpb – xU Economic Hold ,y;iy.mjdhy; mtHfs; jho;e;jtHfshff; fUjg;
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tpy;iy. Mdhy; ve;jtpjr; r%fj; jil
epiyAk; ,y;yhj xU epiyik. Ntsh
sUld; mtHfs; xd;whff; fUjg;gLtjp
y;iy. ,jid mtjhdpf;fpd;w jd;ik
vdf;F ,Ue;jJ> mJ Kf;fpakhdJ.
kw;wJ> ehd; tsHe;J te;jNghJ r%f
Vw;wj;jho;Tfs; fhuzkhff; fhzg;gLfpw
r%f mePjpfisf; fhz;fpw tha;g;G ,Ue;
jJ. ehd; khHf;]paj;jpy; 15 tajpy;> ehq;
fs; - ez;gHfs; ney;ypabr; re;jpf;Fr;
nrd;WtUNthk;. mq;F gyUk; tUthHfs;.
,g;gbapUf;Fk;NghJ vq;fSld; gbj;J>
gbg;ngy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl;L rz;bj;jd
khfj;jphpe;j xUtH ,Ue;jhd;. mtDf;F
fhq;Nfad; vd;W ngaH. mtd; xUehs;
njUtpy; vjpHg;gl;L “rptj;jk;gp th> eP,z;ilf;F vd;Ndhl thwha;” vd;Wvd;id mioj;jhd;. mtDf;F ey;y ntwp.
mtid vd;dhy; jtpHf;fTk; Kbatpy;iy.
vd;Dila tPl;ilj; jhz;bj;jhd; mtd;
nry;yTk; Ntz;bapUe;jJ. ehq;fs; ele;J
tUk;nghOJ vjpNu gidNaWfpd;w
esr;r%fj;ijr; NrHe;j xUtH jdJ
tPl;L thrypy; epd;W nfhz;bUe;jhH.
mg;nghOJjhd; njhopy; Kbj;Jf; Fspj;J
tpl;L epd;whH Nghyj; njhpe;jJ. mJ
nghOJgLk; ikk;ky; Neuk;.
“fs;spUf;Nfh?” vd;W fhq;Nfad; mz;-iz Nfl;lhd;.
“jk;gp> ,g;gjhd; vy;yhk; tpj;J KbQ;RJ>vd;dl;il ,y;iy uhrh...” vd;W mtHgjpy; nrd;dhH.
“vd;d gfpb tpLfpwpNah?” vd;W Nfl;Lf;nfhz;Nl> fhq;Nfad; Neuhf me;jj;
njhopyhspapd; tPl;bDs; nrd;whd;. tl
kuhl;rpapy; xU tof;fk; cz;L. ,uTr;
rhg;ghl;il Kw;wj;jpy; itj;Jr; rhg;gpL
thHfs;. ,jpy; rhjp Fiwe;jJ $baJ
vd;wpy;iy. epyr;Rthe;jHfs; - cilahH
- kzpafhuH Nghd;wtHfisj; jtpu>,e;j tof;fk; NtshshpYk; ,Uf;fpwJ.
NfhtpahpYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. fiuahH Ml;f
spYk; ,Uf;fpwJ. me;jj; njhopyhspapd;
kidtp rhg;gpLtjw;F Maj;jkhf Kw;
wj;jpy; rhg;ghl;ilf; nfhzHe;J itj;jp
Ue;jhs;. fhq;Nfad; mtHfsJ tPl;bDs;
nrd;W vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; Muha;e;jhd;.
ehd; mtdJ ifiag; gpbj;J “th NghNthk;” vd;W ,Oj;Njd;. mtd; vd;idcjwptpl;L mq;fpUe;j Nrhw;Wg;ghid-
iaAk;> fwpr;rl;biaAk; epyj;jpNy Nghl;L
cilj;jhd;. me;j ngz; nghpjhff; Fowp
mOjhs;. ehd; cz;ikahfr; nrhy;Y
fpNwd;. me;j Vf;fj;jpypUe;J – mjDila jhf;fj;jpypUe;J ehd; ,d;iwf;Fk;
tpLgltpy;iy. me;jj; njhopyhsp vd;
idg;ghHj;J “thj;jpahw;iw Nkd;> mtiug;gpbAq;Nfh” vd;W nfQ;rpaJ vdJ kdijg; gpope;jJ. ehd; vd;d nra;aKbAk;?
That was the biggest shock of my life.
jw;Ff; fhuzk; mtUila mofpay;
rpe;jidahFk;. mofpaiy mbj;jskhf
itj;J MuhAk; NghJ E}yhrphpahpd; fz;
Nzhl;lk; gy jpirfspy; nry;tij ehk;
fhzf; $bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. cjhuz
khf nkhopg; gpuNahfk;> ahg;gpd; tsHr;rp>
nghUshjhug; gpd;dzpapd; jhf;fk;. Mfpa
ahTNk xd;wpd; gpd; xd;whf mtUila
Ma;tpy; vOfpd;wd. Kf;fpakhf tha;
nkhop ,yf;fpaj;jpd; tuyhW> tlnkhop
apd; jhf;fk; Mfpa ,uz;Lk; xU ehz
aj;jpd; ,U gf;fq;fshf vOfpd;wd.
nghJ kf;fspd; ,yf;fpak; vd;W gf;jp
,yf;fpaj;ij Nehf;f Muk;gpf;Fk; nghOJ
,g;ghly;fspd; jdpj;Jtk; njspthFtJ
kl;Lky;y> ,g;ghly; njhFg;gpd; NtWghL
fSk; Gydhfpd;wd. gf;jp ,yf;fpaj;jpd;
r%f Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ijNah> mfepiyj;
jhf;fj;ijNah xJf;fptplhJ juTfis
ehk; gpuNahfpf;ff; $ba epiyia mtU-
ila Ma;T cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. gf;jp
,yf;fpak; gw;wp ,Jtiu Nkw;nfhs;sg;
gl;l Ma;Tfspy; NguhrphpaH rptj;jk;gpapd;
gq;fspg;G Kf;fpa ];jhdj;ij tfpg;gjw;
Ff; fhuzk; mtUila mofpay;
Ma;Tg; ghHitia khw;wpaikj;Js;sd
vd;gJ ahtUf;Fk; njhpAk;. mtH Nguh
jidg; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; khztdhf
,Ue;jnghOJ vt;thW NtWgl;l Nfhl;-
ghLfspd; kj;jpapy; jdf;nfd xU jsj;ij
mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhNuh> mNj Nghd;W
mtUila Ma;tpy; gy kuGfisAk;
cs;thq;fp GjpanjhU ];jhdj;ij cU
thf;fpf; nfhz;lhH. jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;ijAk;>
jkpopaiyAk; KOikahf cs;thq;fpa
NguhrphpaH rptj;jk;gp Gjpa gy fUj;Jf;
fis Kd;itj;jJ kl;Lky;yhky; tUq;
fhy mwpQUf;Fg; gy Kf;fpakhd Nfs;tp
fisAk; itj;Jr; nrd;Ws;shH. jkpo;g;
Nguhrphpauha; tho;tJ xU njhopy; my;y
vd;W mtH mbf;fb nrhy;thH jkpopay;
vd;gJ xU newp my;yJ tho;f;if Kiw
(Vocation) vd;gJ mtUila ek;gpf;if.NguhrphpaH rptj;jk;gp ngUk; mwpQH kl;L
ky;y> mw;Gjkhd kdpjUk; $l.
mofpay; Nehf;F...85k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
Neu;fhzypypUe;J...89k; gf;fj; njhlHr;rp...
√lÈ´∫z~w›m ÂV¶ÔÏ cÚ›]º´¸k´M[
ÿ§©√|›>o_ ÂV¶Ô ∂´∫Ô©√‚¶Á≈
√‚¶Á≈ 2 \Ëx>_ 6 \ËkÁ´ ÂV[z \Ë›]BVÈ∫Ô^ ÂÁ¶ÿ√ÆD. √∫z√uÆ√kÏÔ^ g´D√x>_ xΩ°kÁ´
√∫ÿÔ|¬Ôºkı|D. ÿ\V›>ºÂ´xD √∫ÿÔ|¬Ô xΩBV>kÏÔ^ √VÏÁkBV·ÏÔ·VÔ \‚|D ∂–\]¬Ô©√|kVÏÔ^.
√∫zÿ√≈sÚDA√k˙Ô^ xu√]° ÿƒFkm ∂kEBD.
÷¶D: ∞˜[ºÔV‚ ƒ™ƒJÔ WÁÈB \ı¶√D
Agincourt Community Centre31 GlenWatford Dr, Sheppard & Midland
TTC Information: Travel to Kennedy Station. Board the 57 Midland and travel to the farside of Rural.Walk east on Rural to 31 GlenWatford Drive.
ÔVÈD:07 {Ô¸u 2011 QVluƬ˛wÁ\ ∏u√Ô_ 2 \Ë x>_ 6 \ËkÁ´.416 995 2984, 647 449 1271, [email protected], [email protected]
epow;glk;: rhe;jd; (,q;fpyhe;J)